$14.95 $14.95 1,413 SAFETY STANDARDS Trust UL A million code requirements, thousands of standards. Every day you see new technologies and new applications. How do you keep track of it all? You don’t need to, UL does. Our century of experience gives you knowledge, R&D expertise and the confidence you need to stay ahead. UL has developed 1,413 standards and is the one Electrical Inspectors and Electricians have trusted for 117 years. Ask one question and be done with it — IS IT UL OR ISN’T IT? Get the new 2011 UL White Book— visit www.ul.com/whitebook For technical help call 1.800.595.9844 UL AND THE UL LOGO ARE TRADEMARKS OF UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. © 2011. BDI 101008-IAEI0911 Grounding and bonding are not optional. Inexpensive improvements to your wiring can protect your people, facility, equipment and budgets from lightning and other power fluctuations. A very small amount of effort can make a big difference in facility up-time. Simple things such as ensuring good grounding and connections, low resistance to earth, home run wiring, a unified grounding system using listed-only components and multiple levels of surge protection are a few examples. But the most important thing you can do: Go to www.copper.org/PQ. Learn how facilities like yours benefited from inexpensive wiring and grounding improvements. Watch and read the case histories. Request a free copy of our Power Quality CD. And find out how you or your facility manager can better protect your facility from the substantial loss and expense caused by lightning each year. Official Publication of the International Association of Electrical Inspector F E AT U R E S november / december 2011 10 Are Your Streetlights Grounded? Pete Jackson 18 Article 210, Branch Circuits — Part 2 28 Smart Grid and NFPA Electrical Safety Codes and Standards Randy Hunter 2 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 Lonny Simonian, PE; Dr. Thomas Korman, PE; Dr. Fredrick W. Mowrer; and David Phillips www.iaei.org 16 Old Traditions / New Beginnings — A Year in Review 34 National Armored Cable Manufacturers Association Celebrates 25 Years 72 Inspecting PV Systems 78 86 87 88 92 94 98 by Chuck Mello by John Wiles Keeping What We Make, the Need to Store Energy by Jonathan L. Cadd Don’t Let Downgrade Deter You from Investing by Jesse Abercrombie To code or not to code...is it even a question? by Michael L. Savage, Sr. Solar Photovoltaic Installations by Steve Douglas Grounded in Gratitude by Steve Foran Introduction to Electronics by Steve Vidal, P.E. Ohm’s Law and Torque by David A. Kerr, Jr. Editorial Offices 901 Waterfall Way, Suite 602 Richardson, Texas 75080-7702 Telephone: 972-235-1455 Fax: 972-235-3855 E-mail: [email protected] Submissions Send for “Author’s Guidelines” before submitting manuscripts. Unsolicited manuscripts will be returned only if accompanied by a self-addressed stamped envelope. 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Printed by IPC Print Services DEPARTMENTS 6 25 60 66 84 96 Editorial Focus on the Code Canadian Perspective Safety in Our States Canadian Code UL Question Corner CHAPTERS & DIVISION ACTIVITIES 36 38 48 52 56 www.iaei.org Dates Ahead Minutes Member Personal Side Secretaries Membership and Education Committee Chairs IAEI News (ISSN: 0020-5974, USPS 0572-850) is a bimonthly publication for electrical inspectors, electricians, contractors, manufacturers, and others in the electrical industry throughout North America and in other countries of the world, who hold membership with the International Association of Electrical Inspectors. Editorial content generally consists of material which best and most thoroughly explains the more complicated articles and sections of the National Electrical Code®. Advertising is generally limited to those products approved through the standards and listings of a recognized testing laboratory, and products or services for which there are no recognized standards or listings. The views expressed by the authors in the articles herein are personal and not guaranteed. They do not necessarily reflect the position of the International Association of Electrical Inspectors nor are they the “formal interpretation” of the intent or literal text of the National Electrical Code® or Canadian Electrical Code®. Endorsement Disclaimer: IAEI specializes in education, seeking only to enhance safe installation and use of electricity. Consequently, we have chosen to remain unhampered by inappropriate commercial involvement so that we can bring unbiased focus to the code. To fulfill this goal means that we do not and will not endorse specific products of any kind. The NEC® and National Electrical Code® are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association. A not-for-profit and educational organization cooperating in the formulation and uniform application of standards for the safe installation and use of electricity, and collecting and disseminating information relative thereto. Copyright © 2011 by International Association of Electrical Inspectors. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. Volume 83, Number 6 November/December 2011 November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 3 T H E C H O I C E O F C O N T R A C T O R S Highlighted by a self-locking, clear polycarbonate lens that fastens securely without screws, Allied Moulded’s compact fluorescent luminaire (CFL) products are made to install easily and economically. It’s not something you’d expect in just any CFL, but then again, that’s what makes it a proven value. LH-CFL1 LH-CFL2 Replacement Lamp LUMINAIRE ALLIED MOULDED’S COMPACT FLUORESCENT LUMINAIRE ALLIED MOULDED’S NON-METALLIC ADJUSTABLE WALL BOX. PRODUCT FEATURES 6For use in attics, basements, closets and garages 6Energy savings of up to 75 percent compared to incandescent bulbs 610,000-hour lamp life (GU24 lamp) 613W CFL lamp produces same light as 60W standard incandescent light bulb 6Lamp base mounts to most 3 ½" and 4" ceiling boxes 6Energy Star qualified and Title 24 compliant 6UL® listed as a luminaire/fixture which qualifies it for energy efficient rebates with most utility companies Polycarbonate lens attaches easily (no screws required). FOR MORE INFO GO TO WWW.ALLIEDMOULDED.COM © 2011 Allied Moulded Products, Inc. Service so good it’s worth waiting for. Not that you’ll ever have to. It’s what you’ve been waiting for—Field Certification that won’t keep you waiting. And it’s here. Right now. Only at MET Laboratories. Our Field Certification services combine the best of both worlds— response time and technical competence—to bring your plant up to speed at a moments notice. But don’t take our word for it. Listen to what others are saying: “On Monday afternoon, we learned that equipment we were moving had to be certified. MET arrived the next morning. We were able to maintain production with minimal disruptions, ensuring that we could continue to meet and exceed customer commitments.” George Ayer, Solectron “I called in the morning with an urgent project and MET was on site “ We needed our equipment certified. that afternoon. By nightfall our Yesterday. equipment was certified.” MET delivered.” Robin Turner, Magical Midway So what are you waiting for? Padam Chheda, Project Manager National Gypsum Call MET now at 800-638-6057. We’ll be there. Yesterday. www.metlabs.com Kathryn Ingley Managing Editor Editorial When good ’nuff defeats the Better... When my car began to run hot recently, I took it to a local garage with the hope that the repair would be simple and I could avoid the high costs charged by the dealership. The garage manager said we had two options: 1) flush the engine and change the oil, or 2) replace the oil pump, the timing belt and the water pump — with widely disparate pricing. When hope faded from my face, he added, the first option should be good ’nuff to take care of this problem, particularly since there is no history of overheating. After I picked up the car, a friend drove my car and I followed in a borrowed car which needed to be returned. Less than three miles later, Annette was signaling that the car was overheating again. With dashed hope, I followed her into a parking lot where we waited until the car was cool enough to return to the garage. Good ’nuff ! Yeah, right! Good ’nuff ate into our time, my funds, my trust and, strangely, my self-confidence. Michael Savage’s article, “To code or not to code…,” 6 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 reminded me of the car incident and how I had set myself up to undermine the better way. Michael says this scenario, in the electrical environment, is often preceded by the question, “Wouldn’t you agree with me…?” and demonstrates a lack of interest in the true intent of the Code. If the code is the minimum we can build a structure to, relief from that is asking to build a structure below minimum standards! The articles in this issue focus on achieving the Better and, sometimes, even the Best. In “Smart Grid and NFPA,” Lonny Simonian and his three co-authors provide a detailed discussion of the Smart Grid environment and how to achieve interoperability of systems and devices. They include a conceptual model of the Smart Grid itself and another model of the customer domain, together with detailed summaries of Smart Grid technologies and possible NEC issues. Jonathan Cadd, whose mind is always looking for more information, weaves a tale about the BESS battery (2003 www.iaei.org Fast. Expert. Prompt. Professional. Efficient. Experienced. We’d like to say a few words about our Field Evaluation Service. Responsive. Nationwide. Accredited. Recognizable. Accepted. If you’ve ever waited long for a field evaluation, you’ve laboratories and field engineers, we can be on-site in likely used some choice words yourself. With Intertek, as fast as 24 hours. It’s the same elite level of customer the waiting is over. We have more than a century service and responsiveness that has made our of product testing experience as well as industry- ETL Mark the fastest growing safety certification specific expertise to properly evaluate and certify mark a wide range of products. We’re an OSHA- service, call our Field Evaluation Hotline at recognized NRTL and SCC- and ANSI- accredited 1-888-ETLMARK. Or learn more about the ETL Certification Body. Plus, with a nationwide network of Call 1-888-ETLMARK or visit www.intertek.com/ETL. in North America. Mark at www.intertek.com/ETL. For immediate EDITORIAL technology) that lights up Fairbanks, Alaska, in emergencies and then assures us that even larger batteries are being developed to connect America’s three power grids to form a “SuperStation” energy market hub and balancing authority for customers across the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. This is a must read, if you’re curious! Three solar photovoltaic articles home in on the new technologies that are most familiar to IAEI readers. Steve Douglas, “Solar Photovoltaic Installations,” writes that “Section 50 of the Canadian Electrical Code has seen dramatic changes in the last year and a half. As a result … four new rules have been added, and all but two of the existing rules have changed.” Rule 50-014, which requires dc arc-fault protection for PV systems is very similar to NEC Section 690.11. In “Inspecting PV Systems,” John Wiles recognizes the heavy responsibility for public safety that plan reviewers and inspectors bear and offers a detailed checklist for PV power system installations. He also invites questions that are encountered in the field. Thomas Domitrovich sings “It’s is a PV world after all!” as he explores the solar market, grid-connected PV capacity, safety plans and situations in which good PV can go bad. More and more stories about shock and/or injuries involving light poles are being reported. Pete Jackson returns with a powerful article asking “Are Your Streetlights Grounded?” He walks us through the requirements and how to check to assure whether our neighborhoods are safe. “Situations like the ones described… prove the need for and the importance of trained electrical installers and inspectors. We can never become complacent and forget the basics of safe electrical installations.” Randy Hunter returns with Article 210, Branch Circuits, in which he delves into GFCIs and AFCIs — how they are constructed, what is their purpose, how they work, how to install and to inspect them. Then he continues with required branch-circuit locations. Les Stoch presents a recurring theme in the Canadian Electrical Code: maximum circuit loading. His article reviews Rule 8-104 and answers a few puzzling questions. If you have a question about fire pumps, Art Tsisserev correlates the requirements of Rule 32-206 of the CE Code, Part I – 2009 with the changes to NFPA 20-2010. Ark sets up a detailed background and discussion and provides installation diagrams. In “Introduction to Electronics,” Steve Vidal writes, “Solid state devices have allowed for the technological innovation we have witnessed in the past sixty plus years.” His article helps us grasp how electronics, especially nanotechnology, will lead us to higher levels of technology in the future. Each of these writers has urged us to insist on installing and inspecting to code, to aiming higher, to seeking the Better. Chuck Mello, our retiring 2011 International President, has urged the same through his programs and initiatives this past year: we can achieve more if we willingly choose the Better over good ’nuff in all things. I wish I had stopped long enough to make that choice when dealing with my car repair. International Association of Electrical Inspectors International Association of Electrical Inspectors Editor-in-Chief David Clements Director of Publishing and Marketing Managing Editor Kathryn P. Ingley Technical Editor L. Keith Lofland Creative Director John Watson Member American Advertising Federation Research Editor & Webmaster Laura Hildreth OffiCERS President Chuck Mello first Vice President Stan Benton Second Vice President Steve Douglas Third Vice President Mark R. Hilbert fourth Vice President Don Offerdahl fifth Vice President Jim Maldonado Secretary David Clements Vice President, international Affairs Doug A. Geralde SECTiONS Canadian Section David Pilon, President Eastern Section Frank J. Coluccio, President Northwestern Section Layne Western, President Southern Section Don Belflower, President Southwestern Section Rick Hollander, President Western Section Tom Moore, President iAEi ChAPTERS AT LARgE Japan Minato Ku Tokyo Saudi Arabia Mark Regan Kathryn Ingley 8 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org TWO FIELD EVALUATION NUMBERS YOU SHOULD KNOW 70 … the percentage of field evaluations that reveal safety hazards needing correction* 85 … the percentage of AHJs that say they are most likely to recommend UL for Field Evaluations over all providers** Trust UL to bridge the gap between uncertified equipment and code-compliant installations. UL Field Evaluation staff are leaders in technical knowledge and share their expertise through thorough reports giving you the confidence that the job is done right. Get started now, contact our dedicated Field Evaluation Services staff today. Call 877.854.3577, ext 2 or visit ul.com/field * According to data collected by UL since 2008. ** According to a 2010 UL AHJ survey. UL AND THE UL LOGO ARE TRADEMARKS OF UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. © 2011. BDI 101008-IAEI-FE0911 are your streetlights grounded Are Your Streetlights Grounded? 10 IAEI NEWS November . Decembert 2011 www.iaei.org are your streetlights grounded by Pete Jackson I t had been raining and the sidewalk was wet. This had been one of those summer storms where the temperature outside was a balmy 78 degrees. So the children playing on the sidewalk were in short pants, some were barefoot. One of these barefoot children, eight-year-old Sarah, was chasing Eric when she slipped on the wet surface and started to fall. Sarah reached out to grasp the nearby streetlight to break her fall. But, as she touched the metal pole, she got an electric shock, causing her to pull her hands away and hit her head on the sidewalk. Luckily, she ended up with only some scrapes and bruises. But, the injuries could have been far worse. The path of electrical current from the light pole through her body did not pass through her heart. Nor did it rise to a level that would have set off ventricular fibrillation or trigger uncontrolled muscle contractions — contractions that could have prevented her from releasing her grip on the metal pole. Not this time! The above scenario is illustrative of too many cases where people and animals are shocked by coming into contact with the metal light poles used for streetlights. Some humans have died as a result. Why and how is this happening? Shouldn’t current codes and standards prevent such situations? With all sorts of safeguards in place, what sequence of events could cause such a dangerous condition to go unnoticed? Don’t contractors and installation crews know the proper rules? Aren’t there inspectors to make sure everything is built correctly? The answers are not always simple. In recent years, there have been a great number of gated or private communities built across this country. These are neighborhoods where the streets and other common use facilities may not be installed or maintained by the utility or local government as they are in public neighborhoods. Not long ago, a journeyman electrician, who had recently purchased a home in a gated community, complained about its ungrounded streetlights. Many thought he was crazy. But, he was right. The streetlights had no equipment grounding conductor (EGC) connection (photo 1). Supply-side connection Photo courtesy of John Watson www.iaei.org www.iaei.org In many areas of the country, public streetlights are connected directly to the utility electrical system (no meter), with local government paying a set fee per luminaire for the electricity. Most of these supply-side-connected streetlights are not installed under the jurisdiction of the National Electrical Code. For these installations, the National Electrical Safety Code or a local utility adoption of the NESC usually serves as the model code. The NEC is a prescriptive code, while the NESC is a performance code. Following either one can result in a safe installation. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 11 are your streetlights grounded Figure 1. Photo 1: This street light was supplied by a service pedestal branch circuit that did not include an equipment grounding conductor. However, it can be confusing to determine which code applies to which streetlight installations. Local laws and ordinances are often the deciding factor. NEC 90.2(B)(5) provides a list of utility installations which are not covered by the scope of the NEC. Installations by a utility on the public right of way or easements are usually done under the rules of the NESC. The NESC covers the installation of utility owned systems up to the service point. The NESC does not require the installation of an EGC in the utility distribution system on the line (supply) side of service equipment (figure 1). Without an EGC, protection from electrical shock is dependent on the concept of “touch voltage.” If the metal pole becomes energized through a fault in the pole or attached luminaire, the earth around the pole should be at a similar potential (voltage). The voltage drop between the pole and earth will increase as the distance from the faulted pole increases. When a person comes in contact with the pole through his/her extremities (usually arms or hands), the shock voltage is limited by the arm length, which is why the phrase “touch voltage” is used. The electrical shock voltage is limited because a person touching a faulted metal pole must be close enough to the pole to touch it, and the point where the person contacts the earth (through the Light Fixture (Luminaire) Metal Light Pole Utility Transformer Fuse Ground Rod Ground Rod A typical supply-side connection to a streetlight (no meter pedestal in between). Figure 1. A typical supply-side connection to a streetlight (no meter pedestal in between). 12 IAEI NEWS November . Decembert 2011 www.iaei.org are your streetlights grounded connected to earth. A main bonding jumper is used to connect that neutral to the metallic enclosure of the pedestal. The main bonding conductor creates or is the beginning of the EGC. There are a few exceptions found in NEC 250 Part XI, but, generally, all metallic enclosures that contain electric conductors or loads supplied by the service must be bonded to the service by the EGC. The EGC usually takes the form of a metallic raceway or separate grounding conductor installed with the circuit conductors (figure 2). NEC 250.118 provides a list of all permitted EGCs. The key point here is that the EGC is created at the electrical service. It does not exist on the supply side (utility) of the service disconnect; it is only installed on the load (customer) side. NEC 250.24(C) requires the grounded neutral service conductor to be installed and bonded to each serPhoto 2. A typical service pedestal used to supply street lights in a private com- vice disconnecting means, even if the neutral is not munity needed to obtain the voltage required by the premises feet) and the pole (through the hands) is likewise limited. electrical system. The grounded neutral service conRegardless, there is no low-impedance path for the ductor provides a low impedance path for fault current ground-fault current without an EGC, so the faulted back to the source (utility transformer). If there was no metal pole and the earth around it will stay energized grounded neutral service conductor, the earth between until the ground fault is noticed and repaired. A per- two grounding electrodes (one located at the utility son in contact with a faulted pole will probably still feel transformer and the other at the service disconnecting the electrical shock, but the “touch voltage” theory is means) would have to be relied on to carry any fault curreliant on the shock voltage being low enough so that rent from the premises electrical system back to the utilthe electrical current through the body will never rise ity transformer. The earth is usually a poor conductor of to a dangerous level. The injuries and deaths that occur electricity, so the fault current may not be able to rise to every year suggest that the performance standard of the a high enough level to open the overcurrent device that protects the circuit. NEC 250.4 prohibits the use of the NESC is not always attained. There are other variables which can affect the amount earth as an effective ground-fault current path. of current that flows through the human body. Wet earth and or a wet pole can increase the ground-fault current. Is No equipment grounding conductor the person barefoot or insulated from the earth by shoes? Unfortunately, there are many instances where metal While dry skin has a fairly high resistance, wet skin or any poles for streetlights located in gated or private communiopen cuts or abrasions on the skin reduces resistance and, ties around the country have no connection to the EGC. thereby, increases the electrical current through the body, These streetlights are typically supplied by service pedeseven if the touch voltage has not increased. tals and do not have utility-side connections. (figure 3). In two documented instances, electrical contractors Load-side connection who had installed street light systems did not even know Streetlights serving many private communities typi- that EGCs are required in PVC conduits. For many years, cally get their electrical power from a metered service the contractors had been used to installing these systems pedestal (photo 2). The service pedestal and load-side on the utility side of the service where EGCs do not excircuits/equipment are installed under the prescriptive ist. When the contractors made the transition to instalrules of the NEC. Part XI of NEC Article 250, Equip- lations on the customer side of the service, they were not ment Grounding and Equipment Grounding Conduc- aware an EGC was required. The installers thought that tors, provides the rules for EGC installation. The service a grounding electrode (ground rod) installed in the site pedestal will have a connection point for a grounding junction box, adjacent and bonded to the streetlights, electrode, where the grounded neutral conductor is would accommodate any problem (photo 3). www.iaei.org November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 13 Figure 2. are your streetlights grounded Light Fixture (Luminaire) Utility Supply Meter Pedestal Metal Light Pole Circuit Breaker Fault Location M Main Bonding Jumper Neutral Bus Fault-Current Path EGC Equipment Ground Bus Ground Rod Ground Rod The Equipment Grounding Conductor (EGC) provides a low-impedance path for the fault current back to the service. The high fault current causes the circuit breaker to open and de-energize the faulted circuit. Figure 2. Fault-current path with an equipment grounding conductor Even a large nationwide builder-developer had to be convinced an EGC is required. In some neighborhoods, an EGC had been installed in the PVC conduit system, but it was never connected to the light pole base or pole top luminaire(s). Since the developments were private, inspection and certification of the installed streetlight electrical systems was the responsibility of the developer’s engineer of record. But, an inspection by a qualified electrical inspector was never done. Unfortunately, situations such as this occur too frequently. Public parking lots for large “big box” stores are not immune to the problem either. A recent final inspection in one location revealed that the branch-circuit EGC was not installed in the PVC conduits that supplied several dozen 40-foot parking lot luminaires for a large, nationwide retail store. The parking lot lighting for this store was designed and installed under the jurisdiction of the NEC and was supplied by branch circuits from a metered service pedestal (photo 4). Why did the installers leave out the EGC to the luminaires? Just as with the private communities, they were confused as to the difference in grounding requirements 14 IAEI NEWS November . Decembert 2011 between circuits on the load-side vs. the supply-side of electrical services. The installers also thought that, with a grounding electrode (ground rod) installed at each pole, no EGC would be needed. Photo 3. This equipment grounding conductor was not installed with the branch circuit to the service pedestal in the conduit (top left). The streetlight was “grounded” by a connection to the ground rod only (bottom right conduit) in violation of NEC 250.4 www.iaei.org are your streetlights grounded Figure 3. Light Fixture (Luminaire) Utility Supply Meter Pedestal Metal Light Pole Circuit Breaker Fault Location M Main Bonding Jumper Neutral Bus Fault-Current Path Equipment Ground Bus Ground Rod Ground Rod Without an Equipment Grounding Conductor, the earth between the two grounding rods is the only path for fault current. The high impedance of the earth prevents the fault current from rising to a level that would cause the circuit breaker to open. Figure 3. Fault-current path without an equipment grounding conductor firming connection of the main bonding jumper in the service pedestals. What about your community? Photo 4. The parking lot luminaires shown here were supplied by load-side branch circuits that did not include an equipment grounding conductor. The installers thought that a ground rod installed adjacent to each pole would accommodate the problem. Auxiliary grounding electrodes are permitted by NEC 250.54, but this section makes it clear that the electrode must be bonded to the EGC, and the earth shall not be used as an effective path for ground-fault current. When such deficiencies are identified, they must be corrected by installing any missing EGCs in the PVC conduits and connecting them to the light pole base ground lug and the pole top luminaire(s) and by conwww.iaei.org Are there streetlights that receive their electrical supply from service pedestals in your community? Have the pedestals and streetlight circuits been inspected by trained, qualified inspectors? Situations like the ones described here prove the need for and the importance of trained electrical installers and inspectors. We can never become complacent and forget the basics of safe electrical installations. The bottom line is that, whether you follow the NEC, the NESC or just plain common sense, appropriate wiring methods, correct bonding, grounding and overcurrent protection are basics that cannot be ignored. Sarah and her friends are counting on it. Pete Jackson is the chief electrical inspector for the city of Bakersfield, California. Beginning his career in 1980, Pete worked up through the ranks of the electrical industry as an apprentice, journeyman, foreman and general foreman. He was co-owner of an electrical contracting firm for ten years prior to joining the Bakersfield Building Department in 2005 and holds five electrical inspector certifications through the IAEI and ICC. He instructed apprentice and journeyman electricians through the Kern County JATC for seven years. Pete holds memberships in IAEI, NFPA, ICC, IBEW and serves as an AHJ representative on over twenty Standards Technical Panels for Underwriters Laboratories. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 15 Old Traditions / New Beginnings — A Year in Review by Chuck Mello In the fall of 2010, Kathryn Ingley told me I had to write a short article as the new incoming president. I knew about this having seen twelve of my fellow board members ascend to the presidency and craft their article for the IAEI News. For those that know me, and Kathryn knows me well, I have a very hard time with “short” articles or short speeches. Now in the fall of 2011, I need to have a short article as I leave the presidency. I will endeavor to keep this brief and make the key points I want to express. What writing that original article caused me to do was to focus and in a concise way to state the vision I had for IAEI in this transition time entering into a new era. That statement became the contents of the article “Old Traditions – New Beginnings.” In the article that appeared in the January/February 2011 IAEI News, I outlined five areas of activity that I wanted to focus on this year. I knew Chuck Mello then that none of these activi2011 International President ties would necessarily be 100% here is an old saying, “How time flies when you completed, but my goal was to get started in each of are having fun.” All I can say is that these past these areas because these key areas are important to twelve months have gone by at light speed. Even lay the foundation for and to prepare the association though the time has gone by so fast, as I reflect back for the future. Some of these areas were ones set as on this year, a lot got done; and, yes, overall I enjoyed goals for David Clements in his role as CEO/Execumy time as the International President along with all tive Director but most of them were for the Interthe work. I do want to again thank each of the sections national Board Committees to become more active for the kind hospitality shown to me and my wife as in the needed committee work so we could progress we were able to visit and participate in these annual forward. As I reported in more detail to each of the sections meetings. T 16 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org 2011 international president during their annual section meeting, the eighteen committees overseen by the International Board and myself as the International President have been very busy. The membership in these committees was set at the November Board meeting, something that has not always happened but I do hope continues with future international presidents. Task lists were developed and delegated to the appropriate committee at the beginning of this year. These tasks grew out of issues that have been raised by the membership, that is you, and also from past committee work. Some of these volunteer committees have been meeting almost weekly for eight to fifteen months by teleconference and Web meeting to accomplish their tasks. A lot has been accomplished, and the momentum that has been built will see these activities continue forward. Some of the activities representative of the work include the following: As a membership association, membership including adding new members as well as retaining all members continues to be a priority at the Board level. The Membership AdHoc Committee has analyzed our membership from many angles in a systematic and data-based approach and is identifying changes to our processes and other aspects. They are in the process right now of conducting a pilot program in a cross section of divisions and chapters to see if what they believe needs to be done will work. The International Membership Committee has completed work with a recommendation coming to the International Board regarding a “senior retired member” classification. Membership is a top priority for your International Board, but the real work is with you. Membership activities must still be focused at the local level. If we are not reaching out regularly to our colleagues in the industry — members or not — and promoting, supporting and encouraging participation in IAEI, then we will not grow. The Long Range Planning Committee has completed an extensive review of the association by updating the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis last conducted in 2003. Part of the result is an understanding by this committee that this review needs to be done regularly — at least every other year. The ultimate goal of this committee this year was to develop a true long range strategic plan for what they envision the IAEI to look like in three years, five years or longer and how we are going to get there. This involves all aspects of the association, membership, facilities, staffing, offerings, and financial. One of the outcomes from the LRP Committee acwww.iaei.org tivities is an IAEI mission statement. This has not been approved by the full Board as yet, but I believe it is a powerful statement of what IAEI is about. Once finalized, I look forward to this being shared and used to spread the word about what IAEI is and represents. The International and Model Bylaws are being reviewed and changes are being recommended for Board action. We need the bylaws structured as the framework again for us to move forward guided by the strategic plan, and there are other aspects that need changing as they are no longer applicable in today’s business world or our state of technology. Our present building is in need of significant improvements and repairs to sustain present operations and to be suitable for the anticipated future needs. An updated facilities analysis of the value of the building and considering the changes in the demographics at the present location have led to the determination that our best route is to relocate to a new building and sell the present one. We have embarked on a capital campaign with a goal of 2 million dollars. Based on a needs analysis and on the current real estate market this amount was determined as the goal. This is not just for a building, but includes the tenant improvement construction that will be necessary and the infrastructure such as updated computer servers, capabilities for web-based training and other capital needs to support our membership needs now and into the future. This is not an “International Office Endeavor” this is an Association Endeavor as each member is part of this association. We will be seeking support and contributions from the members, the divisions, chapters, and sections as well as from our key industry partners. We have about $200,000 accumulated to date, so we have a good start but also a long way to go. Lastly, much work has been done to build solid relationships with our industry partners, who are a must for our future and the future of the electrical industry. We need to form strong relationships with these industry partners including but not limited to NFPA, ICC, NJATC, NECA, IEC, NEMA, UL, CSA and the other testing laboratories, home inspectors associations, and others. Dave has made great strides in this area, and we are seeing now some very positive results. Yes, a lot of activities have taken place this year. Some activities were completed, while others are ongoing at the direction of your Board of Directors. Again, thank you for the honor to serve as your 2011 International President; and with your continued support, IAEI will continue to grow and be the keystone of the electrical industry. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 17 Electrical Inspections for the Combo Inspector, Part 8 article 210, branch circuits Article 210, Branch Circuits — Part 2 I n this article we will continue where we left off discussing branch circuit requirements, picking up with 210.8, Ground Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection for Personnel. First, we must take notice that this is for personnel protection only. There are other types of ground-fault protection which will be covered later in the NEC. Ground-fault circuit-interrupter (GFCI) protection was first introduced in the 1968 version of the NEC for swimming pool lights. Since then, the Code has continued to embrace and expand the requirements for GFCI protection (see photo 1 for a typical GFCI outlet device). In order to completely understand GFCI protection, we have to take a closer look at how these devices operate. GFCI devices have an electronic sensing ability which monitors the circuit and will shut it down in the event power is delivered to an unintended location. When I get to this point in a classroom situation, we take apart a GFCI device in order to get a good look at 18 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 the inner mechanism. Once we open the case, the first item we notice is the coil loop, which is a current transformer (CT). We pass the load-side conductors of the GFCI device through the center of the CT, and from there these conductors then feed the receptacle portion of the device (if it is a receptacle) and then the rest of the load downstream. These conductors that are monitored by the CT are the ungrounded (hot) and the grounded (neutral) (see photo 2). As long as the current going out on the hot conductor is equal to the current coming back on the neutral, the CT will have a zero current reading as the amperage going out will cancel the amperage returning. In this condition, we know the system is working just fine. However, when we have current going out and the amount returned on the neutral differs by an amount in excess of 5 milliamps (mA), the CT senses this and recognizes that power is being consumed somewhere outside the circuit being monitored. At this point, the www.iaei.org article 210, branch circuits Photo 1. Example of typical GFCI outlet device device actuates the relay which opens the circuit. When power is being utilized outside the circuit, it means the power is going directly to ground somewhere. Possibilities include current passing through your body, or equipment which has been exposed to a wet location (like a hair dryer dropped in water), or a power tool in your garage may have a shorted cord causing an imbalance in a GFCI device. All of these possibilities create hazardous conditions, which is why we require GFCI protection. In the history of GFCI usage, we have had times and situations where it hasn’t always been a favorite item for electricians and property owners due to a few simple issues. First, we had to teach installers how to properly install GFCIs to avoid false tripping. Second, from time to time the manufacturers have had production issues which caused some installation issues. But in the long run, these devices have saved many lives and are an important part of our electrical system, especially in dwelling units. Now let’s look at the Code and see where we have to apply these devices. In 210.8 (A) through (C) the Code is prescriptive as to where we must have the protection the GFCI devices offer. In Dwellings [210.8 (A)] we cover bathrooms, garages (which includes accessory buildings with certain conditions), outdoors, crawl spaces (at or Photo 2. Internal components of GFCI devices www.iaei.org November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 19 article 210, branch circuits Photo 3. Example of the manufacturer’s efforts to package products for the combination AFCI requirements Photo 3. Example of the manufacturer’s efforts to package products for the combination AFCI requirements below grade), unfinished basements, kitchens (receptacles serving countertops surfaces), sinks (outlets within 6 feet) and lastly, boathouses. Section 210.8(B) covers the locations required in other than dwelling units, which look very similar in many ways and includes bathrooms, kitchens, rooftops, outdoors, within 6 feet of any sink, indoor wet locations, locker rooms with showers and garages (which includes service bays and similar areas where electrical equipment might be used). The last location in (C) we are required to protect is any boat hoist (not exceeding 240 volts) installed in dwelling units. This basically covers the GFCI requirements in the Code, but once again I remind you to open your code book and read this section. There are some special conditions which have led to the inclusion of exceptions to these requirements; however, I won’t go into those details here. Next we will skip to 210.11, Branch Circuits Required; this section works in conjunction with Section 220.10, where we are provided with the methods to calculate the loads for various types of facilities. Once we have these values, we can start calculations for the branch circuits that feed the utilization loads. Certain 20 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 portions of the Code will require a separate branch circuit for specific types of equipment. In 210.11(A) we look at the number of branch circuits, which again is determined by the calculations from 220 and based on the size or rating of the circuits used. At no time shall we exceed the maximum specified in 220.18, and paragraph (B) outlines the need to evenly proportion these loads. In paragraph (C) we get to the heart of 210.11, which is where we find the required circuits for dwelling units. When I used to teach the combination inspectors in my jurisdiction, this is one of the areas we would spend a little time on, as most of them were doing inspections on single-family dwellings. These circuits are really important and if not inspected properly will lead to problems for homeowners. With 210.11(C)(1), Small-Appliance Branch Circuits, we have the requirement for a minimum of two 20-amp small appliance branch circuits to be provided for the receptacles specified in 210.52(B) Small Appliances. I always stop at this point in class and describe how to verify and inspect this in the field. When possible, we would go on a field trip to demonstrate how to trace these circuits. We discuss how to follow www.iaei.org article 210, branch circuits Photo 4. Close-up of labels clearly identifying these AFCI devices as combination type the wiring method, generally non-metallic sheathed cable, through the framing members to make sure these serve only the areas specified by 210.52(B). In a kitchen, our wiring methods at times become exwww.iaei.org tremely congested by the time you feed all the equipment present. Because of the large number of circuits, it can be a challenge to trace the wiring and verify code-compliance. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 21 article 210, branch circuits Photo 5. This is an example of the type of issues an AFCI is designed to detect. This cord assembly was part of a heating pad which was always used at night while covered or within bedding materials. It was brought to me by a former employee after it had shorted out while his wife was using it, the fault wasn’t enough to trip the breaker. This is the type of issues an AFCI is designed to detect. 22 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 Laundry circuits are also covered in 210.11(C)(2), where it states that at least one 20-amp circuit will feed the laundry area. The requirements for bathrooms are covered in 210.11(C)(3), where it states that at least one 20-amp branch circuit is required to serve the bathroom outlets. With the bathroom circuits we have an exception that allows wiring the bathroom receptacles in two distinct ways. The first way is to use one branch circuit and feed from one bathroom receptacle to the next bathroom receptacle and to continue to connect them to all the bathroom receptacles throughout the house. The other method covered by the exception is to use a single (dedicated) 20-amp circuit to each bathroom and to feed all the outlets for other equipment within the same bathroom from this circuit; this would include lights, fans, and receptacles. As a matter of personal opinion, while not an NEC requirement, when choosing between these two options, I’ve always encouraged the latter method. I recommend using a dedicated circuit to each bathroom because I’ve fielded many calls from homeowners who have had breakers trip when they use hair dryers in two different bathrooms, each pulling 15 amps, which will trip the 20amp breaker after extended use. By using the single circuit to each bathroom you typically avoid this situation, which can lead to a happier homeowner. Training inspectors on how to trace out these circuits to verify which wiring method has been used is best done in a field visit for training. As we move into 210.12, Arc-Fault CircuitInterrupter Protection, we will discuss one of the most controversial topics of the recent code changes. First, let’s review what an AFCI is and how it works. An AFCI is a device which is often confused with GFCI devices. AFCI devices are a fairly new to the Code having first been included in the 1999 code, with an effective date of January 1, 2002; and as with the GFCI device, we just keep expanding the use of these devices as we develop a better understanding of the advantages and how to properly apply them. AFCI devices work on a different principle www.iaei.org article 210, branch circuits than the GFCI. An AFCI device monitors a circuit’s current and looks for the anomalies or spikes in amperage that result from very short duration, high-current occurrences, which are the signature of a fault condition. This may be happening at an extension cord, appliance cord, a poor connection at a receptacle or switch device, or other areas in which we have a fault event. When these AFCI devices were first introduced, they were limited and could only sense a parallel type of fault (line to neutral, basically). With further development, they now make a Combination AFCI device which will monitor and sense both parallel and series faulting events (see photos 3 and 4). A series fault is a weakened condition of a conductor which creates a high resistive spot at which that conductor will start to arc across the damaged conductor (see photo 5). In the 2005 Code, we were charged with a future effective date of January 1, 2008 for the requirement of Combination AFCI devices. This time has obviously come and gone, so we should only be seeing combination devices being installed now. One thing to note is that a combination device is still only an AFCI; it does not serve the function of a GFCI. The locations required for AFCI protection have progressed from just sleeping areas in the 2002 Code to where we are now required to utilize this type of protection in dwelling unit family rooms, dining rooms, living rooms, parlors, libraries, dens, bedrooms, sunrooms, recreation rooms, closets, hallways, or similar rooms or areas in the 2011 edition. As you have probably noticed from this list, we have just about covered every location within a dwelling except a few, which just happens to usually be covered by GFCI protection (mainly kitchens, bathrooms, and garages). This is not because of any conflict between GFCIs and AFCIs; both can be used on the same circuit. We have some special conditions of which we should be aware; first, if we have an individual branch circuit feeding a fire alarm system, we are allowed to omit the AFCI protection according to certain conditions in 210.12(A) Exception No 3. The other two exceptions deal with methods to provide AFCI protection. The most common method of providing AFCI protection is to install an AFCI circuit breaker device, due to the language of 210.12(A) which requires us to provide protection of the branch circuit. So where does the branch circuit start? It starts at the final overcurrent device which is located in the panel; this is why the AFCI breaker has been the most common method. www.iaei.org However, we are not limited to just the use of circuit breakers, since the Code does allow the use of an outlet branch-circuit type AFCI device. We find in 210.12(A) Exceptions 1 and 2 the wiring methods required to utilize an AFCI outlet device instead of the traditional circuit breaker type of AFCI device. These seem quite restrictive; however, the code panel has been very firm in their belief that the entire branch circuit must be protected. If I have an older house which was built before the requirement of AFCI protection was enforced or available, how can I benefit from this new safer technology? If I had all my home-runs in two-wire nonmetallic-sheathed cable, I could simply install the breaker type of AFCI device like new homes; however, this is not the typical wiring method used when wiring dwellings. Contractors typically utilize three-wire nonmetallic-sheathed cable for the homeruns, thus creating a multi-wire circuit as covered in the previous article. This works fine and is perfectly code-compliant; however, not all manufacturers make a two-pole AFCI breaker, and it is a fairly recent product development. So based on the previous code language you might have to rewire your house to have this level of safety provided in new houses, unless you happen to have a panel made by the manufacturer of one of the two-pole AFCI breakers. While teaching various classes throughout the last six years, I have asked how many people in the room have a house with AFCI devices, and usually it is less than ten percent of the attendees. I’m a firm believer in this technology and also feel that it should be able to be utilized in existing dwellings. In the 2011 NEC, we finally have provisions for using AFCI outlet type of devices in existing branch circuits. Section 210.12(B)(2) provides language stating that an AFCI located in the first receptacle outlet and by connecting the downstream receptacles to the load-side of the device, we can protect the rest of the circuit. This is to be used for any branch circuit extensions, modifications or replacements in dwelling units, if these areas are required to be AFCI-protected in the current code. This was a much needed change, for multiple reasons. First, it allows us to benefit from the safety provided by these devices in older properties. Second, if someone does a minor addition to their home, for example in a bedroom where they are just adding two or three additional receptacles, they can now just add an outlet AFCI device and not have to rewire the home-run. As November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 23 article 210, branch circuits a former AHJ, I was often faced with this code enforcement issue when a remodel or addition was done to a bedroom, and they would be required to AFCI the new outlets. Most times this could not be done without a new home-run which was cost and labor prohibitive, usually resulting in some type of compromise. I understand and express to those that I teach that if at all possible, we should protect as much of a circuit as possible. However, if we can protect all but the homerun, this provides more protection than no AFCI protection at all. The last item in 210 Part 1 addresses branch circuit requirements for Guest Rooms and Guest Suites. This requirement was created to provide branch circuit requirements for these types of facilities which provide more than just a bed and bathroom. More and more often the hospitality franchises are creating mini-houses for us to stay in while traveling that have multiple rooms, a working desk area, and now kitchens. So how do we wire these? Well, if they have permanent provision for cooking, which usually includes a cooktop, refrigerator, and sink, then all the requirements for dwelling unit branch circuits apply. One question that comes up frequently at this point is: what if there is a countertop microwave, does this qualify as permanent provisions for cooking? The answer is no, they have to have more than just a microwave. It may seem as though we aren’t progressing very fast in this series of articles; however, in order for us to understand and retain what we have covered, I try to provide enough detail in such a way that we create a reason to remember the code and some of the reason why we have it. When I would teach this to non-electrical type inspectors, we would often spend quite a bit of time in certain areas of the code to answer and clarify items until everyone felt they understood the concepts. In the next issue, we should be able to complete the remainder of the requirements in Article 210. Randy Hunter works for Cooper Bussmann. He holds twelve inspections certifications from IAEI, ICC and IAPMO. Randy is IAEI Southwestern Section secretary, Southern Nevada IAEI Chapter president, a former principal member of CMP-6, voting member of UL 1563, Electric Spas, Equipment Assemblies, and Associated Equipment, and has served on several Southern Nevada local code committees and electrical licensing committees. He has been a master electrician since 1988, and prior to that he designed and built computed numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools. ONLINE CONTINUING EDUCATION Computer beginner or an expert, we’ve made it EASY! Analysis of Changes NEC-2008 & NEC-2011 We know how seriously you take your profession, so why not get your continuing education from the people who wrote the book (IAEI has two representatives on each NEC code panel); and get it delivered to your computer by one of the best providers of online electrical code courses? License Renewal Time IAEI has allied with www.PacePDH.com to bring you complete continuing education technical requirement courses. • Professionally narrated, high-quality visuals MAINE • Start and stop according to your schedule MICHIGAN • Some of the lowest prices in the industry NORTH CAROLINA • Personalized customer care TEXAS • Sign up in only a few minutes Other states coming SOON. • No endless pages of text • No travel expenses FLORIDA nD 06/11 24 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 Visit: www.PacePDH.com/IAEI or Call: 1-800-576-4341. www.iaei.org focus on the code Focus On The Code Single receptacle for a refrigerator? www.iaei.org November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 25 focus on the code Question: Do I need to install a single receptacle for a dwelling unit refrigerator if I install a 15-ampere individual branch circuit by employing Exception No. 2 to 210.52(B) (1), or can I install a duplex receptacle for this appliance? I see a duplex receptacle installed in this application all the time, but the individual branch circuit thing makes me think this might need to be a single receptacle. JL Answer: A single or duplex receptacle is acceptable in this situation. Section 210.52 addresses the requirements for dwelling unit receptacle outlets. Part (B) of this section covers the requirements for receptacles installed in the kitchen and other associated areas that will serve portable appliances along with refrigeration equipment. Exception No. 2 to 210.52 (B)(1) allows a receptacle for refrigeration equipment to be supplied from an individual branch circuit rated 15 or 20 amperes instead of the 20-ampere-rated small appliance branch circuit as specified in 210.11(C)(1). It is best to understand what an individual branch circuit exactly is. Article 100 defines an individual branch circuit as: “A branch circuit that supplies only one utilization equipment.” Installing a duplex receptacle and connecting only a single piece of refrigeration equipment is not in violation of the Code in my opinion nor is it the opinion of Code-Making Panel 2. A proposal (2-239) similar to this question was submitted at the Report on Proposal (ROP) stage for the NEC 2011 code cycle and was rejected with the following panel statement: “The panel does not agree that a single receptacle is required. A receptacle other than a single receptacle could be used and other means such as configuration or arrangement of the equipment could limit the application to a single utilization equipment.” A duplex receptacle occupying a dedicated space behind the refrigerator would not allow for the use of the other contact device, or the connecting tabs between the conductor terminals could be removed making the other contact device inoperable. A similar situation may be the installation of a 110-ampere service using 2 AWG copper service conductors and Class J fuses. A 200-ampere fusible service disconnect would be required to accommodate the 110-ampere fuses. It would only be a violation to install overcurrent protection in excess of 110 amperes but the equipment involved would easily allow fuses greater than 110 amperes. It is always important to remember to check with the local authority hav26 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 ing jurisdiction (AHJ) when in doubt of a specific interpretation. —Bill McGovern, CMP-2 Both dc and ac photovoltaic systems in a common enclosure? Question: Where conductors from both dc and ac photovoltaic systems utilize a common junction box or other enclosure, are there any special identification requirements for these conductors? Also, where photovoltaic circuits are run inside a building (whether in conduit or not), can these circuits be run embedded within insulation, and if so, is there any derating of such conductors required? E.C. Answer: Section 690.4 is the first section of the 2011 NEC that covers the installation raised in the first portion of your question. There seems to be one summation that is being made for clarity, the question inquires about “both dc and ac photovoltaic systems.” The summation being made deals with a common junction box where the PV output circuit conductors and the inverter output circuits are both present on an interactive system. This being clarified, 690.4(B) states, “Photovoltaic source circuits and PV output circuits shall not be contained in the same raceway, cable tray, cable, outlet box, junction box, or similar fitting as conductors, feeders, or branch circuits of other non-PV systems, unless the conductors of the different systems are separated by a partition. Photovoltaic system conductors shall be identified and grouped as required by 690.4(B)(1) through (4). The means of identification shall be permitted by separate color coding, marking tape, tagging, or other approved means.” Looking at the original proposals that were submitted for this clarifying change in the 2011 NEC, Proposal 4-183 and Proposal 4-184, the submitter intended that whenever they were part of the same “PV system” that both the ac and dc conductors could be contained in the same box or enclosure provided they are properly grouped and indentified. One of the problems that arises here is that the current language can still lead to confusion on the part of the installer and the enforcer. In 690.2 the definition of PV output circuit is as follows, “Circuit conductors between the photovoltaic source circuit(s) and the inverter or dc utilization equipment.” The definition of inverter output circuit is as follows, “Conductors between the inverter and www.iaei.org focus on the code an ac panelboard for stand-alone systems or the conductors between the inverter and the service equipment or another electric power production source, such as a utility, for electrical production and distribution network.” When you look at these definitions, the allowance does not clearly extend to the inverter output circuits, commonly the multiwire branch circuit from the inverter to the ac panelboard, as being allowed in the same enclosure even though that was the intent of the submitter in the substantiation. To that extent, I understand the confusion that you may have on this requirement and acknowledge that CMP-4 needs to further clarify this in the 2014 NEC. At this point in time, it is my opinion that the conductors from the same system, both ac and dc, can occupy the same box or enclosure provided, as stated above, that they are properly grouped and identified. The other thing to remember here is that all of the Chapter 3 requirements for whatever wiring method is utilized also need to be complied with, including conductor insulation rating, conditions of use and terminal temperature ratings. A very similar issue exists with the installation of multiple PV systems on the same roof top. These could be ac, dc or both. The conductors from these multiple systems must also be run from the roof top into the building or structure. In my opinion, CMP-4 also needs to address this issue. Any proposals or documented field experience that is submitted to CMP-4 through the NFPA proposal system would be beneficial to everyone. That brings us to the second portion of the question as to whether or not PV circuits (in or out of conduit) run inside of a building or structure need to consider adjustment and correction factors, especially where run through thermal building insulation. Section 90.3 of the NEC states that Chapters 1 through 4 apply generally unless supplemented or modified by Chapters 5, 6 or 7. Part IV of Chapter 690 addresses the acceptable wiring methods for use when installing a PV system on a building or structure and it does not contain any modification to the installation requirements for wiring methods installed in or through thermal building insulation. So the answer to the question is yes, PV conductors installed in an acceptable wiring method can be run in or through thermal building insulation; and yes, any correction or adjustment factors that are required for the applicable wiring method must be considered. —James Rogers, CMP-4 Submit your questions to: Focus on the Code, [email protected] Get the latest information before you hit the roof. Free rooftop ampacity tools from the CDA reflect new outdoor temperature data and changes in the 2011 NEC®. Visit Copper.org/freetools and download outdoor and raceway temperature data for 700+ North American cities, and/or request a free booklet and slide rule for evaluating rooftop solar exposure. s Free tool NEC® is a registered trademark of National Fire Protection Association. Copper Development Association Inc. www.iaei.org 1477_WireCodeAd_IAEINews.indd 1 November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 27 9/30/11 11:29 AM smart grid Smart Grid and NFPA Electrical Safety Codes and Standards by Lonny Simonian, PE; Dr. Thomas Korman, PE; Dr. Fredrick W. Mowrer; and David Phillips 28 IAEI NEWS November . Decembert 2011 December 2011 www.iaei.org smart grid • Forward power usage estimation Smart Grid Environment • Load shedding capability estimation Under the Energy Independence and Security Act of • End load monitoring (sub metering) 2007, the National Institute of Standards and Technol• Power quality of service monitoring ogy has “primary responsibility to coordinate develop• Utilization of historical energy consumption data ment of a framework that includes protocols and model • Responsive energy control standards for information management to achieve inA Smart Grid Conceptual Model may be portrayed teroperability of smart grid devices and systems…”1. 2 as a set of diagrams and descriptions that are the basis Furthermore, NIST defines the term Smart Grid as: of discussing the characteristics, uses, behavior, interfaces, requirements and standards of the Smart Grid.4 “a modernization of the electricity delivery sysThis conceptual model, shown in figure 1, provides a tem so it monitors, protects and automatically context for analysis of interoperation and standards for optimizes the operation of its interconnected elethe development of the Smart Grid architecture. ments — from the central and distributed genWithin this model, customers are defined as the end erator through the high-voltage transmission netusers of electricity; they may also generate, store, and work and the distribution system, to industrial manage the use of energy. Traditionally, three types of users and building automation systems, to energy customers are identified, each with their own domain: storage installations and to end-use consumers residential (home), commercial (building/commercial), and their thermostats, electric vehicles, appliancand industrial. In addition, the end user may be an es and other household devices.” institutional customer (such as schools, hospitals, etc.). In this context, “thermostats, electric vehicles, appli- This project focused on the end user, or customer, in the ances and other household devices” may be considered built environment as shown in figure 2. The implementation of the Smart Grid changes the “utilization equipment.” The NIST Smart Grid Collab3 oration Site lists a wide range of energy management nature of the electrical distribution system in ways that applications and electrical service provider interactions, have a number of different safety implications, including personnel safety, electrical safety, and fire safety. Because including: of these safety implications, it is important that relevant • On-site generation safety codes and standards, such as the National Electri• Demand response cal Code, stay abreast of Smart Grid developments. • Electrical storage Before the Smart Grid, electrical power distribution • Peak demand management to customers was largely a one-way process, with customers receiving electrical power generated at a bulk generation plant which was then transmitted and distributed via the existing grid. Under this scheme, a limited amount of instrumentation data could be transmitted from a customer to the service provider and, in some instances, remote control could be executed. Under the Smart Grid, electrical power generation and distribution become a two-way process between the customer and the grid. To work effectively and safely, the processes of power generation and distribution, as well as those of instrumentation and control, must be closely coordinated 5 and managed. Figure 1. Smart Grid Conceptual Model www.iaei.org November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 29 smart grid age to supply the grid or the home at high price times. The commercial customer may acquire additional devices/systems to take advantage of the information and communication provided by the meter. Many commercial customers have already taken advantage of a time of use pricing system, in which they perform noncritical operations at times when that rate structure favors a lower rate. For example, a commercial customer may produce ice during the night to use during the day for a chilled water system. Table 1 provides a summary of theses smart grid technologies and provisions that may need to be addressed by the NEC. Figure 2. Smart Grid Customer Domain6 Smart Grid Technologies Current and emerging Smart Grid technologies were reviewed and the implications that these technologies may have upon the built environment (such as a facility’s safety features) were assessed wherever the National Electrical Code (NEC) has jurisdiction. This included all power distribution and control systems throughout a facility. Specific areas of focus were: • the electrical service or utility point of connection interface (smart meter); • energy generation and microgeneration systems (such as photovoltaic cells, wind power, micro hydro, emergency and standby generators, and fuel cells); • energy conversion/storage systems (such as batteries, Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS), and thermal energy storage); • plug-in vehicles; • community energy storage. Customers who adopt smart grid technology gain control over the amount and time of electrical load consumption. For residential customers, the smart meter will generally be installed by the utility or service provider, and the customer may acquire additional devices/ systems to take advantage of the information and communication provided by the meter. For example, if these customers switch to a time of use pricing system, they can benefit by shifting nontime-specific loads to cheaper times, optimizing micro-generation systems for maximum output at high price times, and using on-site stor30 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 Review of NFPA 70 Based upon an assessment of current and emerging smart grid technologies, a review of the NEC was conducted and NEC sections were identified as candidates for revision. Some of these code sections may require revisions to address Smart Grid monitoring or control, (such as Chapter 4, Equipment, and Chapter 6, Special Equipment), while other code sections may require revisions due to utility interfaces (Chapter 1, General, and Chapter 2, Wiring and Protection), emergency power (Chapter 7, Special Conditions), or wired/wireless communication (Chapter 8, Communication Systems). Summary Matrix Table 2 links recommended code revisions to technologies that have evolved to prompt the change. Acknowledgements Portions of this report are reproduced with permission from the National Electrical Code,® NFPA 70® – 2011, NFPA 110, Emergency and Standby Power Systems, and NFPA 111, Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems, all of which are Copyright © 2010 National Fire Protection Association. This material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the reference subject which is represented solely by the standard in its entirety. This work was made possible by the Fire Protection Research Foundation (an affiliate of the National Fire Protection Association). The authors are indebted to the www.iaei.org smart grid Device/ System Smart Meters Energy Microgeneration, CoGeneration, and Generation systems Energy Storage Systems Plug-in Vehicles Description Possible NEC Issues A meter that monitors and automatically reports a customer’s electricity consumption to the utility. Smart meters may also interface with customer’s energy systems and devices to provide the customer with additional information, communications with the utility, and demand response or load shedding triggers. ● Increased wiring for communications ● Life-safety circuits must not be affected by load shedding ● Increased load center wiring ● Adequate grounding and bonding provisions ● Sensors for connecting smart meters and major electrical loads ● Harmonics induced from Class 2 wiring ● Security systems ● Life support equipment Some grid-connected electricity customers have the ability to generate their own electricity through photovoltaic systems, fuel cells, backup generators, etc. These systems may be used to power the customer’s equipment or add energy to the grid, especially during peak hours for economic incentives or to help with load shedding. Currently, however, backup generators are not normally permitted to supply power to the grid. ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● System interconnection requirements Protection for fuel to energy conversion DC from an EMGS to a building Manual disconnect switches Grounding system interconnection Excess generation contingencies Manual override of automatically controlled circuits Use of DC from EMGS by consumers Conversion of DC to AC for use or transmission to the grid Limitations on inverter harmonics Listed /certified equipment Storage systems may be used by customers to reduce demand during peak hours, as a backup in case of grid failure, or as a way to increase the flexibility of renewable energy. ● ● ● ● ● ● Overcharging of storage systems Charging and discharging of ESS DC to AC conversion for use or grid supply Fuel cell placement and clearance Ventilation requirements Fault currents These vehicles have an energy storage system on-board. The storage can be charged by connection to the grid and may be able to supply the grid if needed. ● Battery charging and consumption meter / controller installations ● Overcharging protection ● Vehicle-to-Grid storage system charging and discharging ● Charging and discharging of PHEVs, PEVs, and other ESSs ● Listed /certified equipment A local energy storage with limited Community backup time that is available to a small group of customers. CES units allow Energy excess energy from the customers to be Storage captured and later re-dispatched. ● ● ● ● ● ● Voltage flicker provisions CES unit guidelines CES unit placement guidelines Grounding and bonding provisions Table 1. Summary of Smart Grid Technologies www.iaei.org November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 31 SMART GRID Plug in Vehicles Vehicle to Grid Storage Charging EVs / Stations Plug in Vehicles Thermal Energy Storage UPS Batteries √ √ √ √ 210.52 √ 215.2 (A)(4) √ 220.3 2 4 70 5 6 7 √ √ √ 220.14 √ 220.44 √ √ 230.82 √ 240.3 √ √ √ √ 250.3 √ √ √ √ 422.31 424.19 430.75 440.11 445.18 480.5 517.31 625.26 700.4 701.4 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 705 √ √ √ Table 705.3 705.20 705.30 705.40 708.22 New 750 Large Switching Loads Energy Storage Systems Energy Storage CHP and Micro CHP Microbial Fuel Cells Fuel Cells Micro Hydro Small wind turbine Photovoltaics Demand Response √ TOU/Rate Structures EMS √ Smart Power Strips Smart Meters Article/Section Chapter NFPA Code 2 90 210.2 210.11 210.19 (A) Energy Microgeneration, Generation, and Co Generation Community Energy Storage Technology Smart Meters and Energy Management √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Table 2. Summary Matrix1 32 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org smart grid project steering committee members, smart grid task group members, and industry representatives for their valuable suggestions. ley and a BS in electrical engineering from Cal Poly. He has over 25 years of electrical engineering experience in the design and construction industry and is a member of the NFPA, IEEE, Project Management Institute, and Construction Management Association of America. References Dr. Thomas M. Korman, P.E., Associate Professor [email protected] Dr. Korman holds a doctorate and masters from Stanford University. He is registered professional engineer in state of California. He is member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), American Society of Engineering Educators (ASEE) and is a Safety Assessment Evaluator and Coordinator for the California Emergency Management Agency. 1 Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), August 10, 2009 2 ibid 3 http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/ PAP17FacilitySmartGridInformationStandard accessed November 14th, 2010 4 Report to NIST on the Smart Grid Interoperability Standards Roadmap, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), August 10, 2009 5 ibid 6 ibid Authors are participants in the Fire Protection Engineering Program, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407. Lonny Simonian, P.E., Associate Professor [email protected] Lonny Simonian is a registered professional electrical engineer in the state of California and holds a MS in engineering from UC Berke- Frederick W. Mowrer, Ph.D.,Professor-in-Residence / Director [email protected] Frederick W. Mowrer is currently the director and professor-in-residence of Fire Protection Engineering programs at Cal Poly. He retired with emeritus status from the Department of Fire Protection Engineering at the University of Maryland, where he served on the faculty for 21 years. Dr. Mowrer is a fellow and a past-president of the Society of Fire Protection Engineers. He also maintains a consulting practice specializing in fire protection and fire science applications. David Conrad Phillips, Graduate Student [email protected] David Phillips holds a B.S. in materials engineering from Cal Poly where he is currently pursuing a master’s degree in fire protection engineering. Project Background In 2009 the NFPA was invited to participate in the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Smart Grid Rapid Standardization Initiative to ensure that the safety of the built infrastructure was appropriately addressed. This was a proactive initiative to ensure that the NEC and other NFPA electrical safety standards kept pace with smart grid developments. A NFPA Smart Grid Task Force was formed and a grant request submitted to NIST for focused support of task force activity. This included accelerating interoperable codes and standards development for the smart grid. The grant request was approved in the summer of 2010. Project research objectives included: • Technology Review and Safety Assessment of the emerging technologies associated with Smart Grid implementation and their impacts on the safety features of the built environment • Regulatory Development and Needs Assessment of the current weaknesses/gaps in the U.S. fire and electrical safety codes and standards which will impede widespread implementation of this technology • Roadmaps of needed specific codes and standards development/changes and areas where addiwww.iaei.org tional data/research on safety aspects is required The project has received broad support from the fire protection community. The project steering committee consists of members representing the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., International Association of Electrical Inspectors, International Fire Marshals Association, NEC Correlating Committee, Schneider Electric Company, NIST, National Fire Protection Association, and CSAInternational. A two-day industry workshop was conducted in mid-March in Washington, DC, to review the preliminary results and solicit input from leaders within the NFPA safety standards development community on the project. The NEC Smart Grid Task Force also provided comments in consideration of upcoming NEC code change cycle. The outcomes of the project include: • The final report, which is available for free download at nfpa.org/foundation • This will form the technical basis for submitted NEC changes related to the Smart Grid • A 20-page Inspector’s Guide • Presentations at IAEI section meetings • Plans for future webinars November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 33 Chapter &Division Dates National Armored Cable Manufacturers Association Celebrates 25 Years T he year 2011 is an exciting milestone for NACMA as it marks the 25th anniversary of the founding of the association, and celebrates the continued widespread knowledge and usage of armored cable within the electrical industry. Some will remember the term “BX” cable, which was the survivor of two experimental versions of early armored cable (AX and BX, with the “X” signifying “experimental”). BX cable was eventually produced and became the registered trade name of General Electric’s armored cable. Others know simply the term “armored cable.” NACMA was created to promote the use of armored cable and to educate electrical industry members. From its inception, the association entered codes, standards and education arenas to provide information to users, installers and inspectors on the selection, installation and safe use of armored cable products. A major force in this mission was the late George Flach, who was named the first technical director of the association and held the position for more than 23 years. George represented NACMA at IAEI section meetings and at regional state meetings. He was always available to answer any technical questions regarding NACMA products with his usual kind authoritarian explanation. The current technical director is Phil Simmons, former president and executive director of International Association of Electrical Inspectors (IAEI) and former chief inspector for the state of Washington. Current members of NACMA include AFC Cable Systems, Alcan Cable Company, Encore Wire Corporation, Southwire Company and United Copper Industries. As part of this celebration, NACMA has, in conjunction with IAEI Southern Section, established a scholar34 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 George Flach ship in honor of George Flach, an industry icon who served the city of New Orleans as chief electrical inspector and served as a past president of IAEI, of which he was a member for 56 years. He contributed articles to IAEI News and to Electrical Contractor. Additionally, he was recognized as an expert on the National Electrical Code and wrote many articles for various industry publications. He served as chairman of several electrical code panels. Most importantly, he was a friend and mentor to the members of NACMA. Membership in NACMA has changed since its formation in 1986 by American Flexible Conduit Company, American Metal Moulding Company, Cerro Wire Company, Ettco Wire and Cable Company, Steelflex Electro Corporation and Triangle Conduit and Cable Company. Yet its mission remains unchanged — to educate and promote the safe use of armored cable products. www.iaei.org EASTERN SECTION Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont CANADIAN SECTION Alberta British Columbia Manitoba New Brunswick/P.E.I. Nova Scotia Ontario Quebec Saskatchewan NORTHWESTERN SECTION Alaska Idaho Montana Oregon Utah Washington SOUTHERN SECTION Alabama Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia SOUTHWESTERN SECTION Arizona California Hawaii Mexico Nevada New Mexico WESTERN SECTION Arkansas Colorado Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohio South Dakota West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming CHAPTERS AT LARGE International Japan Korea Saudi Arabia www.iaei.org 2012 SECTION MEETINGS Southwestern Aug. 26-30 Southern California Northwestern Sept. 9–12 Missoula, MT Western Sept. 16–19 Canadian Sept. 21–23 Fort Smith, AR Holiday Inn Civic Center Toronto, ON Sheraton Parkway Toronto Eastern Sept. 30–Oct. 3 Newport, RI Southern Oct. 7–10 New Orleans, LA Astor Crown Plaza November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 35 Chapter &Division Dates Upcoming Events DECEMBER 1–2, 2011 — MICHIGAN CHAPTER Meeting to be held at the Crowne Plaza Detroit Metro Airport 8000 Merriman Road, in Romulus. Regularly Scheduled Meetings AlAskA CHAPTER Meeting dates will be: February 14 (annual), April 11, June 13, August 8, October 10, and December 12, 2011. All meetings are held in the training room of the Development Services Building at 4700 Elmore Rd, Anchorage, AK. The meeting runs from 6 to 8 p.m. with two credit hours available for IAEI members. Meetings are open to all: $20 registration fee for credit hours. Refreshments, usually pizza and sodas, will be available starting at 5:30 p.m. BENjAMIN FRANklIN CHAPTER Third Tuesday in the following months: January, February, March, April, May, September, October, and November. CAPE AND IslANDs CHAPTER Third Tuesday of each month. CENTRAl ARIzoNA CHAPTER Central Arizona Chapter meetings are held the second Saturday of each odd month from 8:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. at the Home Town Buffet, 1312 North Scottsdale Road, Scottsdale. Registration fee is $10.00 (breakfast is included in the fee). The Board of Directors meeting is held immediately after the Chapter meeting. CENTRAl PENNsYlvANIA CHAPTER Second Thursday of each month. The meeting begins at 6:00 p.m. CHEsAPEAkE CHAPTER First Monday of each month (except July and August). CHEsAPEAkE CHAPTER, DElMARvA DIvIsIoN Golden Corral in Dover, DE. The meeting dates are the third Tuesday of the months of January, March, May, September, and November. EAsTERN WAsHINGToN CHAPTER Meeting dates will be: February 5, May 14 (annual), August 13, and November 12 in Spokane. FloRIDA CHAPTER, CENTRAl FloRIDA DIvIsIoN Regular meetings are held on the second Wednesday of the evennumbered months: February, April, June, August, October, and December. The sponsored lunch is held from 12:00 – 1:00 p.m; the meeting begins at 1:00 p.m.; the program begins at 1:30 p.m. The meeting will be held at Mid-Florida Tech, in Orlando, FL. FloRIDA CHAPTER, MIAMI/DADE DIvIsIoN Meetings are held at the Training and Methods Center on the fourth Thursday of the month, January through June and September, October. FloRIDA CHAPTER, NoRTH FloRIDA DIvIsIoN First Wednesday of each month. FloRIDA CHAPTER, PAlM BEACH CouNTY DIvIsIoN 3 p.m. on the third Tuesday of each month in the conference room of the Palm Beach County Inspectors Building, 100 Australian Avenue, West Palm Beach. 36 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 FloRIDA CHAPTER, PANHANDlE DIvIsIoN Third Thursday of each month. FloRIDA CHAPTER, suNCoAsT DIvIsIoN Second Thursday of each month at 1:30 p.m. at the Largo Training Center on Highland Avenue. FloRIDA CHAPTER, TREAsuRE CoAsT DIvIsIoN Second Wednesday of the month, 4 p.m. at 121 SW Port St. Lucie Blvd, Building B in the training room. GEoRGE WAsHINGToN CHAPTER Third Tuesday of every January, March, May, September, and November. GRANITE sTATE CHAPTER Third Thursday of every month except July, August, and December at 6 p.m. HAWAII CHAPTER Bimonthly, the third Wednesday of each odd month. IllINoIs CHAPTER, CENTRAl IllINoIs DIvIsIoN Second Thursday of even-numbered months at 11:30 a.m. IllINoIs CHAPTER, CHICAGo DIvIsIoN Third Tuesday of every month at 7:00 p.m. IllINoIs CHAPTER, NoRTHEAsT suBuRBAN DIvIsIoN Second Wednesday of the month. Please call for locations, 847-459-2530. IllINoIs CHAPTER, NoRTHERN IllINoIs DIvIsIoN Second Tuesday of each month (except June, July and August) at 6:30 p.m. IllINoIs CHAPTER, souTHERN IllINoIs DIvIsIoN 4th Tuesday in the months of January, March, April, May, June, July, September, October and November IllINoIs CHAPTER, suBuRBAN DIvIsIoN Second Wednesday of the month, September through May, at 5:30 to 9:00pm. Visit, htt://iaei-suburbandivision.web.com, for meeting location. IllINoIs CHAPTER, souTH suBuRBAN DIvIsIoN Third Thursday of each month at 7:00 p.m. at the IBEW Local 134 EJATT, 6201 West 11 5th Street, Worth, IL. kEYsToNE CHAPTER Meetings will be held on the fourth Wednesdays of January, March, May and September and the third Wednesday of November at the Best Western East Mountain, in Wilkes-Barre, PA, at 6:00 p.m. loNG IslAND CHAPTER First Wednesday of each month except July and August at 8:00 p.m., Keyspan Headquarters, 175 Old Country Road, Hicksville, NY loNG IslAND CHAPTER, PECoNIC DIvIsIoN The division meets the second Tuesday of each month, except July and August. MIssouRI-kANsAs CHAPTER Regular Meetings are held at lunchtime, the second Thursday of March, June and September. NEW jERsEY CHAPTER Third Wednesday of February, April, June, and September. November’s meeting is the second Wednesday. NEW MExICo CHAPTER Second Thursday of every odd month at 6:30 p.m. NEW YoRk CHAPTER First monday of every month except June, July and August. If a holiday falls on the first Monday, then the meeting is held the following Monday. The meetings are held at the Con Edison Company of New York headquarters located at 4 Irving Place 19 Floor management cafeteria. NoRTHEAsTERN PENNsYlvANIA CHAPTER Third Wednesday of January, March, May, September, and November of each year at 6:30 p.m. www.iaei.org NoRTHERN CAlIFoRNIA CHAPTER Last Wednesday of each odd-numbered month. oHIo CHAPTER, AkRoN DIvIsIoN Fourth Tuesday of each month at 7 p.m. oHIo CHAPTER, CENTRAl oHIo DIvIsIoN Second Thursday of the month at Westerville South High School located at 303 S, Otterbein Ave. Westerville, Ohio 43081 at from 6:00 p.m. till 8:00 p.m. oHIo CHAPTER, NoRTHWEsT DIvIsIoN Second Tuesday of each month, 9 a.m. at the Toledo Electrical JATC 803 Lime City Rd., Rossford, OH 43460 oHIo CHAPTER, souTHWEsT DIvIsIoN Second Wednesday of each month, 9:30 a.m. oHIo CHAPTER, WEsTERN REsERvE DIvIsIoN Second Tuesday of each month. PAul REvERE CHAPTER All meetings are the third Wednesday of the month except January, July, and August. All meetings begin at 6:30 p.m. For more information and locations, go to http://home.mindspring.com/~rrvenuti and go to the Paul Revere Chapter web page. PINE TREE CHAPTER First Thursday of each month (excludes July and August). PuGET souND CHAPTER Meeting dates will be: Jan 8 (Seattle Area), April 9 (Everett Area), July 9 (Tacoma-Annual), and October 8 (Olympia area). RoCkY MouNTAIN CHAPTER Third Friday of each month at 9:30 a.m. RoGER WIllIAMs CHAPTER Last Wednesday of each month at 6:00 p.m., except for July, August, and December. For complete information, visit www.rwciaei.com. sABINE CHAPTER Regular meetings are the last Thursday of the following months: January, February, March, April, May, September, and October. The meetings are held at ENGlobal Engineering, Inc., in Beaumont, TX. sACRAMENTo vAllEY CHAPTER First Monday of every month. Go to chapter website at www.sacramentoiaei. org for location and start times. sACRAMENTo vAllEY CHAPTER, YosEMITE DIvIsIoN Third Tuesday of the month souTH jERsEY CHAPTER Second Tuesday of every other month starting in January. souTHEAsT louIsIANA CHAPTER Monthly, from September through May, and are normally the third Tuesday of each month. souTHERN ARIzoNA CHAPTER Second Thursday of the month at 4 p.m. souTHERN CAlIFoRNIA CHAPTER Meetings 3rd Wednesday odd-numbered months, 9:30 a.m. souTHERN CAlIFoRNIA CH., BoRDER CouNTY DIvIsIoN The division meets at 1:00 p.m. on the second Tuesday of each month at Sizzler Restaurant, 3755 Murphy Canyon Rd., San Diego, CA 92123 (No meeting July and August). There is a no-host lunch at 12-noon. souTHERN CAlIFoRNIA CH., oRANGE EMPIRE DIvIsIoN Meetings first Tuesday each month. Lunch 11:00 a.m, meeting 11:30 a.m. CEUs issued. Santa Ana Elks Lodge, 212 S. Elk Ln., Santa Ana, CA souTHERN NEvADA CHAPTER Last Tuesday of each month, except February and December, from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the Desert Pines Golf Club, 3415 East Bonanza, Las Vegas, NV. www.iaei.org souTH TExAs CHAPTER Fourth or last Wednesday of the month at 5 p.m. TENNEssEE CHAPTER Regular meeting will be November 5–6, 2010. TENNEssEE CHAPTER, CHATTANooGA DIvIsIoN Second Tuesday of each odd-numbered month. Annual meeting is the second Tuesday in January. TExAs CHAPTER Second Tuesday of every odd month at 7 p.m., January through July. TExAs CHAPTER, EAsT TExAs DIvIsIoN Second Monday of every month. TExAs GulF CoAsT CHAPTER Third Thursday of each month except June, July, August and December. uTAH CHAPTER Second Wednesday of each month (excluding July and August). uTAH CHAPTER, souTHERN uTAH DIvIsIoN Second Tuesday of each month. WEsTCHEsTER CHAPTER The chapter meets nine times a year; it skips July, August and December. The meetings are held on the last Thursday of the month, except for November, which is the third Thursday. Meetings are held at the Doubletree Hotel, Route 9, in Tarrytown, New York. CEU classes will be held during January, February, April, May, September and October. General meetings and code issues will be slated for March, June and November. WEsTERN MAssACHusETTs CHAPTER Last Wednesday of the month, January through May, September, October and first Wednesday of December. WEsTERN NEW YoRk CHAPTER Held quarterly. WEsTERN PENNsYlvANIA CHAPTER Third Thursday of each month except in June, July, August, and December. WYoMING CHAPTER The Wyoming Chapter only has an annual meeting. Our dates each year are the Friday and Saturday directly before Mothers Day. Visit IAEI.org for the latest news and information regarding IAEI section meetings. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 37 M inutes EastErn sEction Adirondack Hudson Chapter Public Relations. Chair Paul Heroux also stated that the board received very good feedback from the electrical contractor community that attended the two seminars held to promote grid’s new handbook, presented by Steve Dean, grid senior engineer. Web Site. We are currently working with IAEI International to begin making changes that reflect current board officers, upcoming events, and IAEI issues. New Business. An IAEI distribution check was received by the Adirondack Hudson Chapter in the amount of $1,180. This check was the chapter share of the members’ paid membership fees between June 2010 and November 2010. The check was deposited in the Adirondack Hudson Chapter Education Account. Discussion was held concerning an additional director for the board. After some discussion, this subject was tabled till a future meeting. Board of Directors Meeting, March 10, 2011 Ron Henry, Secretary Board of Directors Meeting, April 14, 2011 The meeting was called to order by President Paul Heroux at 12:03 p.m. President Paul Heroux led attendees in the Pledge of Allegiance. Roll call was then taken by Secretary Ron Henry. In attendance were: Fred Cocks, John Griffin, Ron Henry, Paul Heroux, Leonard Korona, Dave Williams, Steve Dean and Tom Middleton. John McBride and Rick Moon were absent. Secretary Ron Henry then passed the address/phone list to all attending board of directors members and asked for any corrections or updates. Installation of 2011 Officers. Steve Dean, installing officer, led the 2011 chapter office and director installation ceremony and oath. All new officers and directors in attendance took the oath to fulfill their duties and protect the monies and properties of the chapter. Also, they pledged to support and obey the constitution and bylaws of the chapter and Eastern Section of the IAEI. President Paul Heroux accepted the Adirondack Hudson Chapter gavel for 2001, and expressed pleasure to be working with the new officers and directors. The minutes and the treasurer’s report were then approved as read. Correspondence. We received a bulletin from New York State Department of State entitled “Inspection of Gas Piping Installations,” dated February 16, 2011, clarifying that code enforcement officials, not third party electrical inspectors, are responsible for performing the gas pipe inspections. The utility providing the service is also not responsible for the inspection. We received a bulletin from New York State Department of State clarifying the 2008 NEC requirements for replacement of a service panel box and if the breakers must be AFCIs. They stated that if the electrician is only replacing the panel box and there are no new circuits, the answer is no. A letter was received from Gil Moniz, NEMA field representative, answering questions pertaining to the new pool bonding requirements as stated in the 2008 NEC, now being enforced in New York. The meeting was called to order by President Paul Heroux at 12:17 p.m. He then led the board in the Pledge of Allegiance, and then asked them to join him in a moment of silence for the troops. Roll call was then taken by Ron Henry. Board members in attendance were: Fred Cocks, John Griffin, Ron Henry, Paul Heroux, Leonard Korona, John McBride, Rick Moon, Dave Williams, and Tom Middleton. The minutes were then approved as read. Correspondence. A list of educational programs and presenters available from IAEI International was received by the chapter from John Hudak, Eastern Section chair. John encouraged all chapters to not only utilize this resource, but to add to it with successful chapter programs and presenters. This final program list was presented by Alan Manche, Western Section chair. A note from Debbie Wills, assistant certification administrator, was received by the Adirondack Hudson Chapter thanking us for the prompt CEU Roster information sent to IAEI International following the March 19, 2011, code seminar. Membership Committee. A list of all paid up members was reviewed by the attending board members, as well as a list of people who have not kept their membership dues up to date. Chair John McBride encouraged the board members to call any friends or acquaintances on the list and to offer a gentle reminder. It was noted that four new members were added to the chapter roster: Anthony Cardinale, Robert Henry, Craig Jacobs, and Rupert Sheodial. Education Committee. Paul Heroux moved that IAEI International education department be contacted to determine what educational programs may be available for electrical inspectors now working with minimal or no code certifications. This motion was approved. Building inspectors in many towns and NYSBOC are now promoting certification for an electrical inspector to be approved. Code Clearing. Chair Rick Moon suggested that members could stay more informed of the New York State Department of State Code information by going to the NYSDOS web site and 38 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org M Google “Code Section.” Rick also stated that both timers and pool alarms are now required equipment on all pools being inspected under the current New York State code (as part of the New York State Energy Code). New Business. Secretary Ron Henry provided a copy of the Adirondack Hudson Chapter mailing list to Paul Heroux. The office at MDIA will convert the current mailing list data to a more useful and manageable data format using “Word file.” Fred Cocks led a discussion concerning code seminar sign-in procedures and the possibility of using a more updated system such as Infrared scanners. Topics discussed were cost analysis, data storage and retrieval, name tags, and use as a time saving tool for code seminar sign-ins. No action was taken. After some discussion of the 2011 section meetings, the meeting was then adjourned. Northeastern Pennsylvania Chapter Regular Meeting, May 18, 2011 Ron Kapo, Secretary The regular meeting of the Northeastern Pennsylvania Chapter of IAEI was held on May 18, 2011, at the Fullerton Fire Company in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. The following executive committee members attended: John Brezan, Carol Brezan, Carl Faust, Dave Shields, Ken Miller, and Ron Kapo. The business meeting was opened at 7:42 p.m. by John Brezan. The minutes and the treasurer’s report were then accepted as read. Committee Reports. Dave Shields, speaking for the scholarship committee, reviewed proposed scholarship guidelines with the other executive committee members. John Brezan proposed that the scholarship committee consider suggestions made by the executive committee. Carl Faust, speaking for the audit committee, informed the members that the audit of 2010 books was successfully completed and accepted. New Business. Jack Schreiber informed the members that Northampton Community College will offer the first credited course in Pennsylvania on photovoltaic systems. John Brezan asked for suggestions for the chapters’ fall code workshop. Members suggested: solar voltaic system wiring, charging stations for all-electric automobiles, and grounding and bonding for swimming pools. Ken Miller made a motion to give $300 to the Eastern Section of IAEI for door prizes and a check for $300 in lieu of placing an ad in the journal for the Eastern Section meeting, September 25–28, 2011. Carl Faust seconded the motion; the motion carried. Ron Kapo requested that members provide their current e-mail addresses when they renew their membership. The current IAEI roster of chapter members contains some outdated and missing e-mail addresses. Program and Good of the Chapter. The program was a discussion on code-related questions. The members welcomed guests www.iaei.org inutes Mike Muschlitz and Scott Kortvely to the chapter meeting and discussed their code questions. Carl Faust made a motion to adjourn the meeting; Carol Brezan seconded the motion. The meeting adjourned at 8:56 p.m. New Jersey Chapter Skyland Division Regular Meeting, May 12, 2011 Greg Chontow, Secretary The meeting opened at 6:15 p.m. with a salute to the flag, followed by a moment of silence for our men and women overseas. The minutes were then accepted as read. In our treasurer’s absence, the president read the account balance. The first order of business was the two e-votes that were sent out to all members. The first was a request to spend up to $100 to get our website online. The second was to spend up to $100 to apply for a sponsorship with the Board of Electrical Contractors for continuing education courses. With seventy-seven members in the division, we had twentyeight respondents, and all voted yes on both counts. Bob Moentenich then mentioned that the Toys-R-Us facility in Mount Olive is building the largest roof-mounted grid-tied solar installation in the country with 5.3 megawatts. He has arranged for small tours for anyone interested during the construction process. He then went on to mention about the Consumer Fraud Act which has very clear guidelines as to what a contractor shall put on a contract. Failure to do so can be very costly in a law suit. Suzanne Borek-Childers, of Department of Consumer Affair’s (DCA) Code Assistance Unit, then spoke about large scale solar or wind farms that a municipality may see. If there is no net metering, i.e., utility owned, the plans shall be reviewed by the DCA and the inspection may be performed by the state or local municipality. The UL Electrical Advisory Council is preparing to release standards on building integrated solar, and small and large wind turbine standards will be released in August. Some cellular companies are installing fuel cells for backup power at a cell tower. Keep in mind that they have to be listed as an assembly and not just its individual components. The Board of Public Utilities and the state of New Jersey is performing energy audits throughout the state. Their energy bulletin needs to be revised as it needs to address the insulation around recessed fixtures and covering of junction boxes in attic spaces. In addition, the lighting retrofits that are being installed are required to have permits as this is not considered an ordinary maintenance and the retrofit kit, not just the components, shall be listed. The utility companies are adding load management devices as seen in pictures distributed. Be aware that a licensed electrical contractor is required, and a permit must be obtained. The permit can be applied for under 5:23-2.18A, Load Management Devices, and a minimum of 20% of devices shall be inspected. NFPA has released a Tentative Interim Amendment to the NEC-2011, TIA 11-1, which gives an exception to the equiNovember . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 39 M inutes potential bonding requirement for hot tubs. Many installers are using that exception to install hot tubs right now. Keep in mind that the NEC-2011 has not been adopted and this TIA shall not be used until that time; it must meet the requirement of the code in effect at the time of installation. Likewise, the NEC TIA 05-02, allowing the masonry wire mesh to be used as a bond grid, is no longer acceptable unless the installation falls under the rehab code. Remember that if any pool that is required to have an annual inspection (all pools other then at a one- and two-family dwelling) has any work performed on it, it is required to have a new five-year certificate. With the push for electric vehicles, there are now issues with the charging stations that we need to be aware of. Level 1 charging stations are vehicle mounted so no inspection of the charger is required but it draws 16 amps, and a direct circuit is required. Level 2 chargers are mounted outside the vehicle and its standard will be released in June. There is no standard for level 3 charging at this time. With the adoption of the 2009 I-Codes, the 2009 IECC is in effect. One of the requirements that we need to be aware of is that 50% of all bulbs installed shall be of the energy efficient type, i.e., CFL, T5 and T8, and LED. Corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST) installed in new buildings after March 7, 2011, shall be bonded. There is a permit required and it shall be inspected by the electrical inspector. The bonding shall go to the ground rod or the concrete-encased electrode, not the electrical panel. Well pump installers are permitted to install an approved wiring method from the well to a maximum of ten feet inside of the building to the first switch only. From that point, it shall be installed by a licensed electrical contractor. With that, Suzanne concluded her presentation with applause. Then Patrick Ryan from DCA’s Licensing and Education Unit came up to touch on continuing education for both inspectors and contractors. Most electrical courses that the DCA puts out are approved by the Board of Electrical Contractors and contractors may take these courses too. If anyone has any suggestions for topics or feel they are qualified to teach a specific topic, they should contact the DCA as they are always looking for instructors and courses. The DCA is experimenting with real-time interactive online courses and those interested should contact the DCA. Finally, there will be a Train the Trainer course somewhere in New Jersey. Those interested should contact the DCA to add their name to the list so they can get an idea as to a central location to hold the course. Thanks and applause was given to Pat. The meeting was concluded at 8:41 p.m. Regular Meeting, July 14, 2011 The president opened the meeting at 6:07 p.m. with a salute to the flag, and a moment of silence for our men and women overseas. The division welcomed Larry Logan, secretary of IAEI South Jersey Chapter. The minutes from the May meeting were then approved as read. Treasurer Andy Cartal reported that we received a distribu- 40 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 tion check from IAEI International for members paid within this half year. President Bob Rutan mentioned that we received a check from the Sussex Warren Electrical Contractors Association for a continuing education class that was jointly run with IAEI. The check represents 100% of the profits from the course. Andy requested that we send a thank-you letter to the organization. Bob then pointed out that the Skyland website is up and running and in addition to past minutes has many helpful links. It can be found at www.IAEI-Skyland.org. All inspectors were then reminded that any PV system that will be utility owned and operated shall not do plan review as it is the DCA’s responsibility. The Board of Public Utilities (BPU) has approved thirty wind turbines within the state, and Suzanne will contact the municipality and the electrical subcode to provide specific requirements. Wind turbines have no listing at this time so there will be a requirement for a field evaluation for these projects. The ongoing issue with CSST bonding is back. Codes and Standards is working on getting the responsibility of bonding to plumbing, eliminating the responsibility of the electrical contractor and inspector. At this point, there is no change though. Under minor work, NJAC 5:23 2.17 alarm systems require a permit. There is no exception for “wireless” alarms. Where the system is totally wireless or cord-and-plug connected, then no permit is required. GE’s Simon XT requires the installation of a transformer and is, therefore, not wireless. Comcast’s XFinity has a cable connection that screws in and therefore may not require a permit if the cable does not penetrate a fire-rated assembly. It is the responsibility of the AHJ to require documentation on the system to determine whether it is truly wireless. Vice President Bob Moentenich then mentioned that the ToysR-Us facility in Mount Olive is building the largest roof-mounted grid-tied solar installation in the country with 5.3 megawatts, using thin film technology. He has arranged for small tours for anyone interested during the construction process. He then went on to mention about unlicensed contractors doing electrical work under an electrical contractor’s license. Some solar contractors are doing electrical work and one solar contractor was fined $8,000, and the electrical contractor was fined $2500 and given six months probation. John Cangemi of UL distributed copies of the 2011 UL White Book to all in attendance. President Rutan then introduced our first guest speaker — Amanda Dotten, field representative from Intertek. Amanda gave a brief overview of the company and talked about field evaluations and the process involved. There were some comments about the company’s ability to deal with inspectors. Amanda said that if she were contacted directly, she would make sure the proper actions were taken. President Rutan then introduced the second speaker of the evening, Erik Senseney, product manager from Bridgeport Fittings. Eric’s presentation was about raceway installations in wet locations. He explained that the best installation overall would be in EMT and gave specific examples, including how rigid conduit has NPT threads and the couplings provided have straight threads www.iaei.org M Photo 1. Amanda Dotten, ETL/Intertek, stresses the importance of listing agencies working with AHJs at the July 2011 South Jersey Chapter meeting. Courtesy of Tom Pernal. preventing a good raintight seal. He then went on to explain the listing process for all their raintight fittings, using the UL 514B standard, which includes the pull test, continuity and current test, amongst others. Eric’s presentation was very informative and ended with a round of applause. Both Eric and Amanda brought door prizes, and were awarded with much fanfare. The meeting was concluded at 9:10 p.m. with thirty-seven members present. Regular Meeting, September 8, 2011 President Bob Rutan opened the meeting at 6:07 p.m., followed by a salute to the flag and a moment of silence for our men and women overseas. Treasurer Andy Cartal reported that we have a healthy balance in the bank and all bills are paid up to date. The treasurer’s report was then accepted as read. Next, Secretary Greg Chontow mentioned that in addition to the minutes of July emailed to everyone, it is also posted on the website and on the table. The minutes were then approved as posted. The meeting was then opened up to new business. Don Storms asked if anyone had an opinion on the use of MC cable in a horse barn. Although Article 547 prohibits the use due to excessive dust, another section refers to agricultural buildings that do not have those conditions. A lengthy discussion then brought up the nondescript words used in the Code such as excessive and near. www.iaei.org inutes Photo 2. John Cangemi, UL, discusses the two new standards that are still pending — NFPA 791 and NFPA 790. Courtesy of Tom Pernal. A question arose about panels being mounted in the horizontal position. It was determined that it is prohibited in the Code by 240.81, stating that if the breaker is in the vertical position (which it would be if the panel was horizontal) then the up position shall be the on position. Half the breakers would not comply. Due to the hurricane and excessive flooding, it was asked how we are addressing equipment that was formerly submerged. Regulatory Affairs stated that breakers and panelboards were to be dried out and given a TCO for sixty days in which time they are to replace all flooded equipment. Romex was then questioned if it too should be replaced. The answer from Regulatory Affairs was no. The president then gave everyone the task of bringing a friend to the next meeting. It is very important that we are all on the same page and we can do that if we are all at the same meeting learning the same things. Bob Moentenich brought to our attention that there was a recall of Philips florescent reflector floods whose glass can separate when screwed in. After dinner, our meeting resumed with John Nakahara from Cooper Industries. John started out by saying that one inverter is required for each roof pitch. He then gave a very interesting presentation on OCPD for solar using combiners and re-combiner boxes, showing calculations required for each OCPD. In the U.S., PV system voltage is capped at 600 vdc. Elsewhere it is 1000 vdc or more. Cooper produces a ceramic midget fuse that is rated at 1000 vdc, which differs from a typical ferrule fuse in that is can safely clear both low and high-fault currents. The meeting was then concluded at 8:59 p.m. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 41 M inutes Photo 3. Erik Senseney, Bridgeport Fittings, instructs the South Jersey Chapter members on installation practices in wet locations. Courtesy of Tom Pernal. South Jersey Chapter Regular Meeting, July 12, 2011 Larry Logan, Secretary President Mahan called the meeting to order at 6:00 p.m. with forty-two members in attendance. He then led the members in the Pledge of Allegiance followed by a moment of silence for those who have gone before us and for those serving in harm’s way. The minutes from the May meeting were approved. The president then let the members know of the illness of past president John Lee. A card was circulated for everyone to sign, wishing John a speedy recovery. The treasurer stated that we were in good shape and that the bi-annual distribution had been received and deposited. Three motions were approved by the members. One to pay bills, one to place a $400 gold ad in the Eastern Section ad book, and one to donate $1500 to the Eastern Section to support a luncheon or reception at the meeting. Membership Chair Mahan reported that memberships are still holding steady. Member Tom Pernal presented a motion for two code change 42 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 proposals to be submitted to the Eastern Section for approval as IAEI code changes. The motion was approved with the direction that Tom and Bob McCullough would prepare the final submittal that would be sent by the secretary to the Eastern Section. The secretary reported that he had forwarded a copy of the bi-annual distribution to the membership chair for review. On education he reported that we would be running an eight-hour class based on the One- and Two-Family Dwelling IAEI presentation on August 16 and at $75.00 including a buffet dinner, it was a steal. The president then introduced Amanda Dotten, the new Intertek Eastern Section account manager for Intertek. Amanda covered a brief background on ETL/Intertek that was formed in 1899 with Thomas Edison. She stressed the importance of listing agencies working with AHJs to assure that field labeling was done with the knowledge of the local inspector. The members are looking forward to Amanda returning with a more in-depth presentation. John Cangemi from Underwriters Laboratories was then introduced to again remind members that fine stranded conductors require connectors that are specifically listed for that use. John also stated that two new standards were still pending — NFPA 791, Recommended Practices & Procedures for Unlabeled Electrical Equipment Evaluation, and NFPA 790, Standard for Competency of Third-Party Field Evaluation Bodies. John stated that part of the standards would require testing agencies to provide notice to the local AHJ of the testing prior to completion. John and Amanda verified that both of their agencies already provide that information. The president then introduced Eric Senseney, product manager from Bridgeport Fittings, Inc. Mr. Senseney gave a great one-hour PowerPoint presentation on the installation practices in wet locations. Eric covered most of the recent changes in the fitting industry pertaining to raceways in wet locations. In particular, he discussed the redesign of compression style EMT fittings in order to meet the new UL standard requirements for raintight fittings. Mr. Senseney also discussed the use of steel couplings in change-overs and transition between EMT/rigid and liquidtight FMC. He reiterated the fact that 225.22 states that raceways on exterior surfaces of buildings shall be arranged to drain. He also demonstrated the use of new products and passed them around for a first-hand inspection by the members. He made a strong case for the use of EMT in wet locations being supported by recent Code changes. The president then introduced Suzanne Childers, DCA Electrical Code Specialist who reminded everyone that the New Jersey Rehabilitation Code was currently available for comment. She also re-stated that solar installations require rough inspections. She then talked about Comcast/Xfinity wireless security systems and the fact that in most cases they seemed to be not totally wireless and would require a permit and inspections. The president adjourned the meeting at 8:30 p.m. www.iaei.org M southErn sEction Florida Chapter North Florida Division Regular Meeting, August 3, 2011 Raymond H. Smith, Secretary The meeting was called to order at noon by newly elected president Carl DeSha. In attendance were: Carl DeSha, Jimmy Douglas, Don Smith, Raymond Smith, Joff Filion, Don Brindley, Edwin Garcia, Andrew Schirmacher, Mike Brooks, Richard Davis, Dallas Stratton, and Don Schlueter. Richard Davis led in the invocation and Pledge of Allegiance. Treasurer’s Report. Dallas Stratton reported that we are solvent. Motion was made and seconded to accept the report. Motion passed unanimously. Secretary’s Report. Raymond Smith stated that the report to IAEI International to record the change in officers would be submitted this week. The minutes from July were passed out for review. Motion was made and seconded to approve the minutes as written. The motion passed unanimously. Membership Report. Jimmy Douglas reported ninety-two paid members. New Business. Don Brindley read a proclamation from the Electrical Code Coalition on electrical safety. Don Schlueter reported that Standard UL 48 does not apply to LED signs. Many LED signs are being installed that are improperly listed. UL is working to address the issue, but for now LED signs may need to have field approval. Municipalities should establish processes and procedures to minimize an unlisted, unlabeled or improperly labeled LED sign from being installed in a public venue. One way to do this is for plans examiners to verify listings and labeling at the time the permit is pulled and plans are reviewed for the sign installation. Carl DeSha reported that a particular municipality was requiring GFCI or AFCI on all kitchen and bathroom circuits. There was a consensus that this was not required. Carl also reported on the appropriate locations for smoke detectors in a dwelling unit. Mike Brooks will put together a location checklist for next month. Carl would like to accumulate checklists similar to this and the receptacle outlet checklist for distribution to our members. www.iaei.org inutes It was reported that certain manufacturers are now approving their recessed luminaire cans for both insulation contact and noninsulation contact. The difference in the listing is the type of trim and size of lamp. Inspectors should be aware of this so they know what to check for. Education Report. Don Brindley reported that the state of Florida requires a false alarm course for contractors. Analysis of Changes, NEC-2011 books are available to members for $61.00. See Jimmy Douglas for more information. The meeting adjourned at 1:00 p.m. Florida Chapter Treasure Coast Division Regular Meeting, July 13 2011 Vince Della Croce, Secretary President Terry Bruton called the meeting to order at 4 p.m. Secretary Vince Della Croce took a roll call of officers and a motion was made and seconded to accept the June minutes as previously emailed. Vince reported a total of seventy-five members, thirty-four paid and forty-one trial members. Tim Dawson, Bryant Harrison, Ed June, Tim McConkey and Tom Richmond were reminded to renew their memberships. Treasurer Lou Hatten reported that all bills were paid and the division is solvent. Guest Speaker. Vergie Bain, OSHA Compliance Specialist had to cancel at the last minute and will be rescheduled. Mike Rafferty from Martin County reported a total of 893 permits issued in June. Inspections and plan review continued to be busy. Bryant Harrison from the city of Port St. Lucie reported a total of 1272 permits issued in June. Some larger projects were: VGTI, a 100,000 square foot research laboratory under construction and scheduled for a January 2012 completion and a Sav-A-Lot grocery store scheduled to occupy an existing empty storefront. Old Business. A review and discussion of the division web site, www.iaeitc.com, followed. Some ideas were to have a section for job openings and upcoming seminars. Also discussed was how the forum would be accessed and by whom. Terry Bruton presented information concerning jobsite inspections. He stressed the importance of having the stamped, reviewed plans and any installation instructions or manufacturers cut sheets for equipment available; maintaining a clean and neat work environment; proper illumination; accessibility, including ladders or lifts; having an electrician on-site to answer questions; and continuing education or in-house training by contractors. Terry also pointed out some of the recurring code violations seen: improper torque of terminations; grounded conductor not identified properly; and dissimilar metals in contact with one another. Section 210.12, AFCI protection, was discussed. Mike Flaxman displayed a Generac 200-amp transfer switch. Generac now offers it with load shed modules as additional options. The meeting adjourned at 5:45 p.m. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 43 M inutes Regular Meeting, August 11, 2010 President Bryant Harrison called the August meeting to order at 4:10 p.m. Secretary Vince Della Croce took a roll call of officers and board of directors. He stated the division currently had thirty-four members, including two new members, Tim McConkey and Tim Dawson. He also reminded Bryant Harrison and Doug Harvey their memberships were due to be renewed in the near future. Treasurer Tom Haldane reported all bills were paid and the division is solvent. Guest speaker Juli Robbins, PE and president of Hydro Pumps Inc., was introduced. Juli gave a brief description of her company. They are a distributor of water, wastewater, sump and sewage pumps and manufacturer of custom control panels. Their staff includes three registered Florida professional engineers with electrical and chemical backgrounds. Juli then specifically spoke about the control panels Hydro Pump manufactures for lift stations and their internal components. She explained how UL 1008 Transfer Switch Equipment, UL 508A Industrial Control Panels, DEP 62-604.400 and NEC 702 all have to be taken into consideration when manufacturing a control panel. Membership Committee. Mike Flaxman reported he had secured IAEITC.com as a website address for the division. Tom Haldane reported back on the survey sent out for meeting feedback. Vince Della Croce gave a training presentation concerning cord-connected equipment for storable and permanently installed pools. The meeting adjourned at 6 p.m. N.C. Ellis Cannady Chapter NCECC Board of Directors, July 20, 2011 Wes Ray, Secretary Attending the meeting were members: Wes Ray, Curtis Kennedy, Robbie Brooks, Mitchell Bryant, James Steele, Greg Smith, Mike Whitt, Robert Parrish, Ron Chilton, John West, Mickey Shuskey, and Dennis Bordeaux. The meeting was called to order by President Ron Chilton, and the invocation was given by Chaplain Curtis Kennedy. President’s Comments. Ron Chilton thanked the board and committee chairs for attending and indicated a few key items to be covered. Those include IRS issues with the tax exempt status of the Maddrey Scholarship Fund, Home Builders Association actions related to 2011 NEC in North Carolina, annual meeting, and committee reports. Membership Committee. Robbie Brooks said that the committee has met twice in 2011. Robbie reports the committee has been successful in working with IAEI International to keep the membership database in great shape. The committee continues to promote the IAEI Direct Payment Plan ($8.50/mo), the multi-year dues plan (saves $20), and the new student membership ($78) to promote membership. 44 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 Committee submitted proposals to IAEI International and Southern Section on retired member category and discounted registration fees for honorary and retired members. The current membership as of July 2011 stands at: 305 inspector members, 114 associate members, and 89 expired members, for a total of 508. (Robbie indicated mid-month numbers are typically lower, and he expects to have end of July numbers in the 545–550 range. Robbie stressed the need to have reduced dues for retired members. The committee has proposed a definition for “retired member” category which has been submitted to Southern Section for consideration. If approved by Southern Section and IAEI International, the membership application would need to be changed to add a new “retired member” category. The current status from the four state committee regions for jurisdictions without an IAEI member: Western, 10; Central, 5; Northeast, 16; and Southeastern, 18. Education Committee. Mitchell Bryant indicated that the committee has not discussed the issue with PACE online training. They haven’t received any other information from IAEI International on the program. Ron advised Mitchell to talk with Jim Carpenter and also Keith and Jonathan at IAEI International to get more information. Ron said he isn’t sure how frequently the DOI training CD will be updated — whether by code revision cycle, yearly, etc. Greg attended the Florida chapter meeting and reported they have resolved at lot of the issues they were having with the PACE rollout there. PACE would still be required to be approved by the Qualification Board which would look for input from Ron. Robbie and Curtis suggested holding any action from the board until after the Southern Section meeting. Then review any discussion on the subject there to help the board determine what appropriate action to take. Ron wants the board to make some type of communication back to Dave Clements since Mr. Clements discussed PACE training with the board at the April meeting. Ron will email or call Dave Clements to let him know the board is discussing the issue and continuing to review options to evaluate the impact of the program. Public Relations and Publicity Committee. Greg Smith reported that the latest COCO newsletter has been completed. Website updates have been made, particularly to the awards page. The large tote bag was a success at the institute; we still have some left for the annual meeting. The voltage testers will be reordered. Most code books have been sold. The committee is getting a credit card reader to speed transactions at the table during events. The Safety Smart kits have arrived and one has been given to Winston-Salem, and one to Wilmington. We plan to work with the education committee on interest in the remaining kits. Ron would like the PRPC Committee and the ED Committee to work together on the Safety Smart program. Mitchell suggested Al from the Ed committee to work with Greg. www.iaei.org M Electric Fire & Accident Committee. Mickey Shuskey presented a report comparing accident totals from 2009 to 2010. Mickey pointed out electrocutions, electrical wiring/equipment problem, short circuit, overheated motor fires all increased. Ron would like to have report posted on the website. The Board discussed the issue of counterfeit products entering the US, primarily from China, contributing to accidents. Greg asked the board to send him information about any instances with AFCIs tripping. Code Clearing and Code-Ship. The committee met June 28, 2011, and discussed nine possible proposals. We currently have two or three to move forward with, but we would like to have at least ten. Program and Site Committee. Mitchell Bryant plans to sign the final contract this week to hold the annual meeting at the Richard Childress Complex in Lexington, November 6–8, 2011. We’ll have a forty-room hotel block at the state rate ($65). We are still working on the companion program — it’s very important to know numbers of companions attending. Registration will be about $145. The meeting and banquet room is limited to 150 people. Therefore, the banquet will be limited to the first 150 registrants. We don’t anticipate that being a problem based on past numbers, but we will need to indicate that on the registration form. 2013 Southern Section Planning Committee. Robbie Brooks reported a meeting is being planned for August 9–11. This will be an organizational meeting making assignments and talking about starting vendor contacts. Awards Committee. Mitchell discussed the need for all interested to forward nominations to the committee to consider. COCO Committee. Mitchell mentioned COCO will be providing administrative code continuing education and that the instructors can be DOI inspectors. New Business. Ron led a discussion on the situation on adoption of the NEC-2011 in North Carolina. The Home Builders Association organized a last minute letter campaign opposing adoption. Adoption is now delayed until the Legislature is back in session in 2012. The legislature can choose to review or not act. If no action is taken, the new code becomes effective after thirty days from the beginning of session since the code has been approved through due process. The legislative committee has sent a letter to the governor requesting she intercede and declare the code be effective September 1, 2011, based on successful review and approval by the North Carolina Building Code Council. Others have sent letters to the governor including the North Board of Examiners of Electrical Contractors and the North Carolina Electrical Contractors Association. Ron requested others send letters requesting the governor intercede. Greg requested an electronic copy of the committee letter so he could post it on the website. Having no other business before the board, President Ron Chilton adjourned the meeting. www.iaei.org inutes Southern Section Planning Committee Meeting, August 9, 2011 Robbie Brooks, Co-Chairman The first meeting of the 2013 Southern Section Planning Committee was held on August 9, 2011, at the Board of Electrical Contractors Office. The following were present: James Shivar, Co-Chairman; Robbie Brooks, Co-Chairman; Mary Higgins, Mickey and Kay Shuskey, James D. Kennedy, Jr., James Steele, Greg Smith, Al Parris, Mitchell Bryant, Wes Ray, Warren Bullock, Mike Whitt, John West, Mark Tighe and Cory Tate. A general overview and discussion was held regarding the programs, events, entertainment, and other things that needed to be done to host the 2013 Southern Section Meeting to be held October 6–9, 2013, at the Wilmington Riverside Hilton, Wilmington, North Carolina. Printing Committee. The Printing Committee was appointed as follows: Mary Higgins, Chairperson; Mitchell Bryant, James D. Kennedy, Jr., Greg Smith, James Shivar and John West. The planning committee discussed several possible slogans and selected “Wilmington, North Carolina, is the Scene for 2013,” as the slogan for the 2013 meeting. The printing committee will design and print promotion material to be distributed at the 2011 Southern Section Meeting being held October 9–12, 2011, in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Exhibitors Committee. The Exhibitors Committee was appointed as follows: Greg Smith, Chairman; Warren Bullock, Wes Ray, Al Parris, Mike Whitt and Brad Shoaf. The Exhibitors Committee will visit the exhibitors at the 2011 Southern Section Meeting and invite them to participate in the 2013 Southern Section. The committee will also work with the Wilmington Hilton to determine the number of exhibitor booth spaces we will have available for the 2013 meeting and prepare an exhibits layout. Advertisements Committee. The advertisements committee was appointed as follows: Stephanie Flanigon, Chairperson; James Steele, James Shivar, Mickey Shuskey, Wes Ray, John West and Mark Tighe. The committee will determine cost for advertisements, prepare advertisement invitation information and select “local network” to sell advertisements to contractors, suppliers, manufacturers, etc. Finance Committee. The planning committee appointed Mitch Bryant to serve as treasurer and Robbie Brooks and Cory Tate to serve with Mr. Bryant as the finance committee. The planning committee reviewed and accepted for information the 2004 Southern Section Finance Report, Southern Section Registration and Hotel Room Rate History and “draft for study” tentative budget. It was decided that the Planning Committee would meet again in early 2012. The tentative date is February 9, 2012. There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 45 M inutes southWEstErn sEction Central Arizona Chapter Regular Meeting, July 9, 2011 David Sanchez, Secretary The meeting was called to order by President Ben Figueroa. Ben led the members in the Pledge of Allegiance and the invocation. Ben began with the self-introduction of the twenty-seven members and guest present. Ben began by thanking Jerry Petruk and Eaton Corporation for hosting the May meeting at their Tempe facility on electric services. Ben installed two new officers: Gerald Koziol as treasurer and Brian Jordan as second vice president to fill vacated positions on the board of directors. At the end of the installation of new officers, Ben took a moment to thank Mike O’Meara, our former treasurer, for his hard work and dedication to the position. Ben asked if everyone had reviewed the minutes from the last meeting. He asked for a motion to accept the May 14th minutes. The motion was made and seconded and the minutes were accepted as written. Ben next called for committee reports. Fire and Accident Committee. Rocco DeLuca reported that an electrician on one of his jobsites had received an electrical shock at 277 V. The electrician had shut the circuit off but did not verify that the power had been disconnected. Apparently, the junction box which he had been working on was double fed by two circuits of the same phase. Only one circuit was de-energized and he got hung up on the other circuit above the ceiling. The electrician was seriously injured, but gladly he will survive. This is just a reminder that no matter how experienced you are, basic safety procedures should be followed because at anytime a simple mistake can result in death or injury. John Bahadar reminded us when we are looking at photovoltaic systems always to keep in mind that it is hot. Membership Committee. Rocco reminded us that we now have PayPal working on the website; you can prepay for a meeting at anytime so you don’t have to remember to bring cash or a check for the meeting. This feature also helps us know how many members may attend the meeting so we can prepare accordingly. We can also use this for future classes for payment. New Business. Mark Ode with UL mentioned that he is available to teach classes for us if we are interested. He would be available for a photovoltaic system class which could be of interest to 46 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 many members in our chapter. Mark also mentioned that he had made arrangements with many organizations (with exception of NFPA) which he provides classes for to allow inspector members to attend the class for free. He will notify us of any classes in our area. Rocco mentioned to notify Dave and he can get the information to the membership. David Yee notified the membership that Herb Moulton’s wife was very ill and had been placed in a hospice. Herb Moulton is a long-time member of our chapter and our thoughts and prayers go out to his family. David also mentioned that he had attended an engineers association meeting yesterday and a number of topics were discussed concerning installations in our area where contractors are taking short cuts on building, and they are finding rooftop receptacles which have not been completed. Wiring is missing or it may be made up with 6’ of conduit and wiring stubbed into the ceilings and going nowhere. After some discussion from the inspectors members there are many reasons why the shell buildings may be green tagged with those items not complete. Dick Loyd mentioned what other chapters are doing for meetings and how it affects attendance, which opened up a discussion on maybe changing our meeting time to another day or evening. Mark Ode mentioned that he has also attended other chapter meeting held during the week and evenings and an advantage we have with the current meeting time is that we can offer a better education program for the membership because we have more time than most other meetings. One item discussed was a web-based presentation which could be viewed by many members from various locations, which could create interest from outside our local area. After some discussion, the idea was tabled for future consideration. Ben mentioned that Mark Ode with UL had provided 2011 White Books for anyone that is interested. Ben ended the business portion of the meeting and turned the meeting over to Rocco DeLuca who would present the NEC-2014 proposals which had been sent in to Dave Sanchez who prepared the presentation for today. After much discussion and consideration the following is a list of the proposals which were discussed and voted on by the membership. The proposals which were accepted will be forwarded to the Southwestern Section for consideration as an IAEI-sponsored NEC proposal for 2014. The accepted NEC proposals were: 110.31(B)(1), 225.51 exception, 225.56, 225.70(A)(5), 230.204 exception, 230.211, 490.21(A) (7), 490.22, 490.30, 490.34, 490.36, 490.37, 625.15(B), 690.4(G) exception, 690.15(C), 690.47(D), 694.22(C)(4), 700.10(B)(5), 700.12(F), and 705.2. The rejected NEC proposals were: 230.212, 230.170, 230.174, 230.178, 240.13, 250.96, 300.3(C)(2)(d), 300.50, 366.2, 408 1 through 7, 408.16 through 22, 445.17, 445.19, 490.47, 490 Part III Title, 525.23(C), 590.4(C), 695.3(A)(1), 701.12(E), 705.10(D), 705.12(D)(2) Exception no 3, and 705.12(E). All proposals submitted can be found on the web page at iaeiarizona.com. After the membership considered the proposals, the meeting was adjourned. www.iaei.org M STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION (Act of August 2, 1970, Section 3685, Title 39, United States Code) inutes BE FIRST TO KNOW THE LATEST INDUSTRY NEWS 1. Date of filing: September 1, 2011 2. Title of Publication: IAEI News 3. Frequency of issue: Bimonthly 4. Location of known office of publication: 901 Waterfall Way, Suite 602 Richardson, TX 75080-7702 5. Location of the headquarters or general business offices of the publishers: 901 Waterfall Way, Suite 602 Richardson, TX 75080-7702 6. Publisher: International Association of Electrical Inspectors 901 Waterfall Way, Suite 602 Richardson, TX 75080-7702 Editor: David Clements 7. Owner: International Association of Electrical Inspectors, 901 Waterfall Way, Suite 602 Richardson, TX 75080-7702 (a not-for-profit corporation) IAEI WEEKLY UPDATE 8. Known bondholders, mortgages, and other security holders owning or holding 1% or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities: NONE 9. Purpose, function, and nonprofit status of this organization and the exempt status for federal income tax purposes have not changed during the preceding 12 months. SubSCribE FrEE AT http://www.iaei.org/subscribe-iaei-weekly-update/ or SCAN THE Qr CoDE 10. Extent and nature of circulation: Average No. of Copies Each Issue During Preceding Date Actual No. of Copies of Single Issue Published Nearest 12 Months to Filing 14,468 14,315 B. Paid and/or requested circulation: 1. Sales through dealers and carriers, street vendors, and counter sales: 2. Mail subscription 0 14,064 0 13,963 C. Total paid and/or requested circulation: 15,009 14,291 D. Free distribution by mail, carrier or other means, samples, complimentary, and other free copies: 246 71 E. Total distribution (sum of C and D): 14,310 14,034 F. Copies not distributed: 1. Office use, left over, unaccounted, spoiled after printing: 368 281 A. Total no. of copies printed: 2. Return from new agents G. TOTAL: 0 14,678 0 14,315 Do you need electrical training? Are you looking for a one-stop solution to cover those areas of expertise you are involved in? Are you looking for training at your facility? Now is the time! Engage IAEI Education and have a nationally recognized electrical expert come to your site and provide concise, up-to-theminute information for all your electrical training needs. Become a member of an elite group of companies that uses only the very best when it comes to training their employees in safe electrical installation and inspection practices. When only the very best will do, call IAEI and see what a difference a professional makes. Call 1-800-786-4234 today Or leave us a note at http://www.iaei.org/about/training-partners-and-clients And we’ll contact you. I certify that the statements made by me above are correct and complete. Kathryn Ingley www.iaei.org November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 47 P ersona l Side NEW MEMBERS INTERNATIONAL Saudi Arabia Chapter Tayabas, Cesar, Dammam, Saudi Arabia EASTERN SECTION Adirondack Hudson Chapter Boyer, Eric, Burke, NY Cramer, David, Catskill, NY Ronsini, John, Montgomery, NY Smith, Robert, Mechanicville, NY Chesapeake Chapter Brace, Alexander, Laurel, MD Marie’, Richard, Reisterstown, MD George Washington Chapter Martorana, Charles, Bowie, MD Stevens, Daryl, Silver Spring, MD Granite State Chapter Plourde, John, Concord, NH Walsh, Kenneth, Concord, NH IAEI wishes to give a special greeting and say... South Jersey Chapter Carvin, Edward, Yardville, NJ Hairston, Wilford, Pennsauken, NJ Tisch, Herbert, Jackson, NJ Connecticut Chapter D’Angelo, Domenic, Newington, CT Alarcon-Maclain, Edward, Davie, FL Pearson, Mike, Delray Beach, FL Treasure Coast Division Glynn, Thomas, Stuart, FL Suarez, Ernesto, Port Saint Lucie, FL Western New York Chapter Browning, Russell, Blasdell, NY Smith, Robert, Delevan, NY Georgia Chapter Bridges, Charlie, Duluth, GA Cobb, Marcus, Waynesboro, GA Correll, Chris, Macon, GA Western Pennsylvania Chapter Black, Mark, Tyrone, PA South Georgia Division Perdue, James, Alamo, GA CANADIAN SECTION N.C. Ellis Cannady Chapter Searcy, William, Winston Salem, NC British Columbia Chapter Baxter, Ken, North Vancouver, BC Prairie Chapter Sharma, Sandeep, Whitehorse, YT Nova Scotia Chapter Soper, Dionne, Clarenville, NL Tennessee Chapter Warner, Wesley, Memphis, TN Chattanooga Division Greeson, Sidney, Soddy Daisy, TN NORTHWESTERN SECTION East Tennessee Division Cramer, Rich, Lenoir City, TN Leykamm, Fred, Lenoir City, TN Long Island Chapter Cain, Magdalena, Massapequa Park, NY Eastern Washington Chapter Becker, Tyson, Spokane Valley, WA Texas Gulf Coast Chapter Stump, David, Houston, TX Peconic Division Harvey, Kevin, Hauppauge, NY Puget Sound Chapter Bergstrom, Ken, Seattle, WA Peppard, Trent, Port Angeles, WA SOUTHWESTERN SECTION Green Mountain Chapter Priestley, Brian, Piermont, NH New Jersey Chapter Barbarino, Louis, Middletown, NJ Skyland Division DiDomenico, Michael, Landing, NJ MacDonald, Frederick, Layton, NJ Martino, Eric, Newton, NJ Schuchert, Gary, West Milford, NJ Paul Revere Chapter Salvato, Charles, Tewksbury, MA Utah Chapter Stauffer, Donald, Riverton, UT Central California Chapter Schley, Gary, Bishop, CA SOUTHERN SECTION Southern Nevada Chapter Fernandez, Leslie, North Las Vegas, NV Rivera, Luis, Las Vegas, NV Suncoast Division Kirk, Mark, Tampa, FL New Mexico Chapter Kenney, Fred, Aztec, NM Maynard Hamilton/Ft. Lauderdale Division Northern California Chapter Bielecki, Nicholas, Gilroy, CA 48 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org P ersona l Side CANADIAN Contra Costa County, Martinez, CA Crapo, Jason, Martinez, CA Crowfoot, David, Dublin, CA Hernandez, Tony, San Jose, CA King, Gary, Danville, CA Ewertz, Wayne, Wiggins, CO Harder, Chris, Sterling, CO Hendricks, Barrett, Burlington, CO Ingram, Robert, Burlington, CO Taylor, Tyler, Burlington, CO Sacramento Valley Chapter Hamilton, Robert, West Sacramento, CA Wisconsin Chapter Bessette, Joshua, Appleton, WI CCEI CERTIFICATION NCPCCI There were no new examinations held during this time. ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR The following became certified with IAEI for the month of July and August 2011. Yosemite Division Randall, Harmon, Rialto, CA Southern California Chapter Chisolm, Cheryl, Los Angeles, CA WESTERN SECTION Arkansas Chapter Cowart, William, Stuttgart, AR Jay, William, Rogers, AR Smith, Steven, Malvern, AR Illinois Chapter Haberkorn, Mark, Lemont, IL Suburban Division Muzzupappa, Giuseppe, West Chicago, IL Iowa Chapter Gaston, Wayne, La Porte City, IA Wilkens, Ben, Cedar Falls, IA Michigan Chapter Baker, Matt, Grand Rapids, MI Voris, David, Jerome, MI North Dakota Chapter Lemar, Chad, West Fargo, ND Southwest Division Young, JC, Batavia, OH Northwest Division Sniadecki, Martin, Maumee, OH Rocky Mountain Chapter Berumen, Rory, Denver, CO Fenske, Stephen, Fruita, CO Green, Joseph, Centennial, CO Laemmel, William, Carbondale, CO Latta, Eric, Cedaredge, CO Roberts, Dustin, Olathe, CO Turan, Scott, Grand Lake, CO Northeast Division of the Rocky Mountain Chapter Carrillo, Jason, Burlington, CO Cole, Randy, Aurora, CO Daniel, Brandon, Burlington, CO www.iaei.org CERTIFICATIONS IAEI CERTIFICATION MEMBER AWARDS The following became certified with IAEI for the months of July and August 2011. James T. Ryan, Nominee for Member, Board of Directors of the National Institute of Building Sciences General Attla, David R., Fairbanks, AK Bellows, Aaron F., North Syracuse, NY Falco, David., Bronx, NY Gunther, Frederick M., Rochester, NY Firth, Jeffrey, Akron, OH Garcia, Joel C., Pleasanton, CA Giannotti, Ronald, Yonkers, NY Gisch, Robert W., Homewood, IL Haak, Stephen M., Penfield, NY Hannan, Jeffrey T., Wickliffe, OH Spadafino, Dominic, Jackson, NJ Vasick, Martin T., Maine, NY Webber, Robert, Omaha, NE One- and Two-Family Attla, David R., Fairbanks, AK Bernard, Douglas E., Binghamton, NY Falco, David, Bronx, NY Firth, Jeffrey, Akron, OH Gisch, Robert W., Homewood, IL Hannan, Jeffrey T., Wickliffe, OH Kapperman, Bradley J., Batavia, NY Plan Review Gisch, Robert W., Homewood, IL McCormick, Jr., James, Forked River, NJ Seng, David J., Louisville, KY James “Tim” Ryan is the Code Administrator for the City of Overland Park, Kansas. In addition, he is the secretary of the board of directors of the National Institute of Building Sciences, currently serving as a non-presidential appointee. Mr. Ryan has worked for Overland Park for the last three decades after initially joining as a field inspector in 1978. He is a voting member of the International Code Council, the International Association of Electrical Inspectors, and the National Fire Protection Association, and is a certified building official with fifteen separate certificates in various disciplines of codes administration and enforcement. Mr. Ryan was recently elected chair of a newly created steering committee for the state of Kansas tasked with creating a program to oversee the energy code provisions of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Mr. Ryan holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Pittsburg State University in Construction Management and Technology. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 49 P ersona l Side IN MEMORIAM Maynard Hamilton Maynard Hamilton, past president of the IAEI Florida Chapter, has passed away. Maynard was employed as an electrical inspector in 1976 and plans examiner in 1977 through 1979 for the Broward County Building and Zoning. He was then hired by the Broward County Board of Rules and Appeals as chief electrical code compliance officer in 1979 and retired in January 1992. After retirement, he served as chief electrical inspector for the city of Dania, Hallandale, Oakland Park and Pembroke Park. Maynard was one of the founding fathers of the Electrical Inspectors Association, Inc., of Broward County in 1977 and president of this association in1978. This association dissolved in 1986 with all monies transferred to the IAEI Broward Division. In 1981, members of this organization applied to the IAEI Southern Section to become the Broward Division, but after holding the Florida Chapter Annual Meeting in Broward County, it was rejected. We became the Broward Division of the IAEI Florida Chapter in 1984 and are enjoying our membership. Maynard was the chairman of the IAEI Broward Division in 1985 and president of the IAEI Florida Chapter in 1990. On behalf of Maynard’s dedication to the IAEI, the Broward Division became the Maynard Hamilton/Fort Lauderdale Division in 1999. Maynard had over thirty years with the IAEI and over forty-five years with the IBEW. Richard Kurtz, longtime member of the IAEI Florida Chapter, has passed away. Richard was a forty-One year member of the IAEI Florida Chapter, and IAEI Palm Beach County Division. He served as chairman of the Florida Chapter in 1989 and Chairman of the Palm Beach County Division in 1980. He is an Honorary Member of the Florida Chapter and the Palm Beach County Division. His long and distinguished career in the electrical industry started at age fifteen in the year 1943. He worked as Project Manager Inspector, supervising electrical construction for the Palm Beach School Board and chief electrical inspector for the city of Boynton Beach. His proudest accomplishment is that he alone and unaided initiated the division concept in the Florida Chapter and founded the first division of Palm Beach County which was then followed by many divisions that are now the backbone of the Florida Chapter. John Lee, past president of the IAEI South Jersey Chapter and a long-term IAEI member, has passed away. Following his honorable discharge from the U.S. Navy, John began working as an electrician for the Electrical Motor Repair Company. He also continued to enhance his firefighting career as a civilian firefighter at McGuire Air Force Base. His passion for the fire service continued when he pursued and was appointed to the position of fire chief for the Mercer County Airport Fire Department in 1963. During his career as fire chief, John also served as the Mercer County fire marshal for numerous years. He later became the police chief at the airport as well, serving in his dual role capacity until his retirement. 50 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 Richard Kurtz His career education included certificates from the state of New Jersey Fire School, Mercer County Fire School, and Burlington County Police Academy Class 38. John was an adjunct instructor in the Fire Science and Technology program at the Mercer County Community College, where he also served on the curriculum review board. He was chief instructor for the Aircraft Rescue Fire Fighter (ARFF) program sponsored by the American Association of Airport Executives at Long Island MacArthur Airport. John had many professional associations to his credit, including life member of the Colonial Volunteer Fire Company, past presidents of Mercer County Fire Chiefs Association, the Active Fire Chiefs Association, and the Fire Marshals Association of New Jersey. He dedicated much of his knowledge and experience to the fire service by serving on the building committee for the development of the Mercer County Fire Training Center and was a vocal leader in the development and implementation of the county0wide fire and emergency communication system. John can also be remembered as a licensed electrical contractor in the state of New Jersey, DCA licensed electrical subcode official, and past president of the IAEI South Jersey Division. www.iaei.org P ELEC I CAL CERTIF T RI ED ersona l Side IAEI ELEC I CAL CERTIF T RI ED IAEI Certified Electrical Inspectors Active Certificate Holders Anderson, Paul H., Merrillville, IN Anderson, Randall A., Wynot, NE Ashenfelter, Michael L, Springfield, IL Baird, Robert T., Idaho Falls, ID Barabas, Andrew, New Rochelle, NY Barnett, Tracy, Dickson, TN Beldo, Ronald G., Eveleth, MN Bowman, Byron L., Las Vegas, NV Broderson, Roy D., Battle Ground, WA Brown, Johnny E., West Memphis, AR Bruening, Randall J., Madison, NE Bunker, Merton W., Stafford, VA Ceriello, Christopher, Amityville, NY Ceriello, Robert K., Farmingdale, NY Chalupka, Thomas, Tonawanda, NY Chan, Larry, New Orleans, LA Ciffone, Stephen M., Santa Cruz, CA Clancy, James, Merrick, NY Cocks, James F., Monroe, NY Colman, Robert, Geneva, NE Conway, Jim, Centennial, CO Cook, Donald. Pelham, AL Cook, James D., Johnstown, CO Cox, Gaylen D., Beatrice, NE Craig, Herbert W., Ogden Dunes, IN Cross, Joseph W., Piney Flats, TN Daniel, Jerry L., Normangee, TX DeAngelis, Charles M., Lewiston, ME Dorsey, James M., Monument, CO Douglas, Ira Lee, Murfreesboro, TN Downs, Roger L., Oxford, NE Earley, Mark, Quincy, MA Eddins, Kenneth R, Mobile, AL Fisher, Christy, Pacifica, CA Francis, Ronald J., Beemer, NE Gonyea, Warren, Orange, CA Griess, Kurt S., Grand Island, NE Hardesty, Ralph O., Marysville, WA Hartwell, Frederic P., Amherst, MA Houston, Brent, Everett, WA Humphrey, Scott J., Santee, CA Jack, Martin M., Meridian, MS Jackson, Pete D., Bakersfield, CA Jamison, Jr., Jack E., Morgantown, WV John, Fred W., Sheridan, WY Lang, Jonathan, Dallas, PA www.iaei.org CEI-M-157 CEI-M-150 & CEI-R-140 CEI-R-143 CEI-M-153 CEI-M-190 & CEI-R-158 CEI-M-160 CEI-R-164 CEI-M-141 CEI--M-158 CEI-M-196 & CEI-R-163 CEI-R-141 CEI-M-113 & CEI-R-113 CEI-M-180 & CEI-R-144 CEI-M-178 & CEI-R-153 CEI-M-207 & CEI-R-165 CEI-M-116 & CEI-R-116 CEI-M-205 CEI-M-152 & CEI-R-138 CEI-R-166 CEI-M-167 & CEI-R-147 CEI-M-117 & CEI-R-117 CEI-M-118 & CEI-R-118 CEI-M-155 CEI-R-146 CEI-M-181 CEI-M-151 CEI-M-210 CEI-M-154 CEI-M-148 CEI-M-149 CEI-R-139 CEI-M-122 & CEI-R-122 CEI-M-209 & CEI-R-169 CEI-M-215 & CEI-R-170 CEI-R-142 CEI-M-168 CEI-M-203 CEI-M-197 CEI-M-179 CEI-M-219 CEI-M-166 CEI-M-143 CEI-M-195 & CEI-R-162 CEI-M-187 CEI-M-176 CEI-M-218 Lofland, Keith, Richardson, TX Lusian, Walter W., Eden Prairie, MN McAllister, Ryan, Shirley, NY McGann, Robert, Woburn, MA McMahill, Lanny, Phoenix, AZ Mecca, Richard, Rye, NY Mertz, Frederick S., New Hartford, CT Miller, Bradley, Bridgeport, WV Murphy, Paul L., Danbury, Ct Nave, Gerald A., Johnson City, TN O’Brien, Richard, Las Vegas, NV Owen, Richard P., Oakdale, MN Palmer, Laurence, Cocoa, FL Parkin, Perry L., Anchorage, AK Pfeifer, Clifford D., Fort Mohave, AZ Poe, Gaylord K., Morrow, OH Reed, James M., Pacificia, CA Regan, Mark E., Little Falls, NY Rooney, Dale H., Anchorage, AK Sampson, Marcus R., St. Paul, MN Sandefur, James D., Murfreesboro, TN Sargent, Jeffrey S., Qunicy, MA Satterlee, Timothy J., Fresno, CA Servantez, Tony R., Mason City, IA Shanholtz, Steven, Stanwood, WA Shaw, Jane L., Ammon, ID Slowinski, James J., Greenfield, MA Smith, Matthew C., Cartersville, GA Smoot, Paul O., Burleson, TX Straley, Dennis M., Snohomish, WA Sunde, Jonathan A., Austin, MN Troyer, Ron, Thornwood, NY Trembath, II, Bruce W., Ten Sleep, WY Vostinar, Kevin, Henderson, NV Waldman, Timothy F., Mount Penn, PA Warren, Shelly M., Burlington, VT Weitzel, Michael K., Richland, WA Welch, James D., Emmett, ID Whetstone, David M., Sylacauga, AL Wilee, Kenneth W., Lebanon, TN Williamette, Cari D., New Brighton, MN Williams, David A., Lansing, MI CEI-M-126 & CEI-R-126 CEI-M-182 CEI-R-168 CEI-M-208 CEI-M-128 & CEI-R-128 CEI-M-201 CEI-M-161 CEI-M-214 CEI-M-177 CEI-M-147 CEI-M-199 CEI-M-132 CEI-M-174 CEI-M-142 CEI-M-191 CEI-M-206 CEI-M-184 CEI-M-159 & CEI-R-145 CEI-M-171 CEI-M-213 CEI-M-144 CEI-M-133 & CEI-R-133 CEI-M-139 CEI-M-217 & CEI-R-160 CEI-M-200 CEI-M-188 CEI-R-156 CEI-M-198 CEI-M-192 & CEI-R-159 CEI-M-185 CEI-M-220 CEI-M-216 CEI-M-189 CEI-M-204 & CEI-R-167 CEI-M-211 CEI-M-140 & CEI-R-155 CEI-M-193 & CEI-R-161 CEI-M-170 & CEI-R-154 CEI-M-212 CEI-M-120 CEI-M-162 & CEI-R-148 CEI-M-173 New Certifications for July & August 2011 Hartman, Kevin C., Council Bluffs, IA CEI-M-221 November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 51 S ecr eta r ies EASTERN SECTION Coluccio, Frank J. 862 Bay Ridge Avenue Brooklyn, NY 11219 1, 0, 0 (212) 566-4427 fax (212) 566-5603 ADIRONDACK HUDSON CHAPTER 1, 5, 0 Henry, Ronald (845) 562-8429 2 Mallard Drive Newburgh, NY 12550 email: [email protected] CAPE AND ISLANDS CHAPTER Palmieri, Charles J. 4 Rustic Dr Cohasset, MA 02025-1125 email: [email protected] 1, 9, 0 (781) 383-6551 GREEN MOUNTAIN CHAPTER Tucker, Rodney 655 US Rt. 5 Hartland, VT 05048 email: [email protected] website: www.greenmountainiaei.org 1, 25, 0 KEYSTONE CHAPTER 1, 56, 0 Shigo, Bill (570) 344-9681 105 Chaney Drive fax (570) 969-9700 Olyphant, PA 18447-1903 email: [email protected] LONG ISLAND CHAPTER Dumitru, Michael 707 Hyman Ave West Islip, NY 11795 email: [email protected] 1, 30, 0 (631) 539-6055 SOUTH JERSEY CHAPTER Logan, Larry 116 Hollybrooke Dr Langhorne, PA 19047-5747 email: [email protected] 1, 75, 0 (215) 752-3328 WESTCHESTER CHAPTER Mecca, Richard 7-11 S. Broadway Suite 100 White Plains, NY 10601 email: [email protected] 1, 80, 0 (914) 422-1269 WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS CHAPTER 1, 82, 0 Asselin, Paul (413) 862-0201 22 Rockybrook Dr. Russell, MA 01071 email: [email protected] CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA CHAPTER 1, 8, 0 Griffith, C Larry (717) 575-1680 2530 Valley Drive fax (717) 872-4027 Lancaster, PA 17603-5929 email: [email protected] PECONIC DIVISION Smith Jr., James J. P.O. Box 254 Centereach, NY 11720 email: [email protected] 1, 30, 1 (631) 732-4325 CONNECTICUT CHAPTER 1, 90, 0 Gilleran, James R. (203) 256-3036 725 Old Post Road fax (203) 256-3062 Fairfield, CT 06430 email: [email protected] CHESAPEAKE CHAPTER 1, 6, 0 Batta, Jr., Daniel (410) 787-5278 1005 Brandon Shores Rd Fax: (410) 787-5299 Baltimore, MD 21226-1739 email: [email protected] NEW JERSEY CHAPTER Elichko, John M. 997 Beatrice Pkwy Edison, NJ 08820 email: [email protected] 1, 40, 0 (732) 574-9570 WESTERN NEW YORK CHAPTER 1, 95, 0 Newman, George A. (716) 692-2264 15 Moyle Ave Tonawanda, NY 14150 email: [email protected] DELMARVA DIVISION Savage Sr., Michael L. 12136 Holly Road Ridgely, MD 21660 1, 6, 1 (443) 677-7037 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN CHAPTER 1, 7, 0 Hofkin, Mike (215) 679-5883 1038 Ziegler Rd Palm, PA 18070 email: [email protected] website: www.BFCIAEI.org EMPIRE CHAPTER Thomas, Elaine C. P.O. Box 25H Mendon, NY 14506 email: [email protected] 1, 10, 0 (585) 749-9665 GENESEE CHAPTER Sharlow, George B. P.O. Box 966 Webster, NY 14580 email: [email protected] 1, 18, 0 (800) 600-6342 GEORGE WASHINGTON CHAPTER 1, 20, 0 Shapiro, David E. (301) 699-8833 3419 41st Ave. fax (301) 699-8830 Colmar Manor, MD 20722 email: [email protected] website: www.GWIAEI.org GRANITE STATE CHAPTER Grant, James 25 Sheepboro Rd Rochester, NH 03867 email: [email protected] 1, 23, 0 (603) 335-8096 NEWS November 2011 .February. December 52 52 IAEIIAEI NEWS January 2004 SKYLAND DIVISION Chontow, Greg 29 Normandy Circle Hopatcong, NJ 07843 email: [email protected] NEW YORK CHAPTER Vitolo, Richard 4 Irving Place New York NY 10003 email: [email protected] 1, 40, 1 (973) 398-0762 1, 50, 0 (212) 460-3642 Fax (212) 228-6719 NORTHEASTERN PENN. CHAPTER 1, 55, 0 Kapo, Ronald (610) 432-1730 912 East Elm Street Allentown, PA 18109-2630 email: [email protected] PAUL REVERE CHAPTER D’Amato, Rick 18 Birch St. Peabody, MA 01960-3324 email: [email protected] 1, 60, 0 (978) 535-6453 PINE TREE CHAPTER 1, 65, 0 DeAngelis, Charlie (207) 784-8262 81 Harold Street Lewiston, ME 04240 email: [email protected] ROGER WILLIAMS CHAPTER Sniezek Sr., George 90 Bellview Ave Tiverton, RI 02878 email: [email protected] 1, 70, 0 WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA CHAPTER 1, 97, 0 O’Mara, Thomas (412) 255-8873 P.O. Box 42325 Pittsburgh, PA 15203 email: [email protected] CANADIAN SECTION 2, 0, 0 Langlois, Dan (416) 747-4266 CSA Group fax (416) 747-2582 178 Rexdale Blvd Etobicoke, ON M9W 1R3 email: [email protected] BRITISH COLUMBIA CHAPTER 2, 45, 0 Cornwell, Bob (604) 218-5721 1704-1260 Nelston St. Vancouver, BC V6E 1J7 email: [email protected] PRAIRIE CHAPTER Beros, Leslie, S. Box 154 White City, Saskatchewan Canada S0G5B0 email: [email protected] 2, 64,0 (306)566-2532 N.B. P.E.I. CHAPTER Lutwick, Peter 111 Chapel St. Woodstock, NB E7M 1G6 2, 55, 0 (506) 325–4989 NOVA SCOTIA CHAPTER Smeltzer, Erika 21 Col Joseph Scott Dr Lower Sackville, NS Canada B4C 4B1 email: [email protected] 2, 75, 0 (902) 869-5324 www.iaei.org www.iaei.org S ONTARIO CHAPTER Pope, Tim CSA 5060 Spectrum Way #100 Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6 email: [email protected] 2, 63, 0 (416) 747-2572 Fax (416) 401-6834 QUEBEC CHAPTER Liberatore, Pierre 5925 Decarie Boulevard Montreal, Quebec Canada H3W 3C9 2, 81, 0 UTAH CHAPTER Van Ausdal, Jason C. 110 S. Main Street Springville, UT 84663 email: [email protected] NORTHWESTERN SECTION 3, 0, 0 Imlah, James PO Box 624 Hillsboro, OR 97123 email: [email protected] ph./fax (503) 642-7792 ALASKA CHAPTER Rooney, Dale 2440 E Tudor Rd PMB 840 Anchorage, AK 99507 email: [email protected] 3, 26, 0 (907) 343-8472 fax (907) 317-6951 FAIRBANKS DIVISION Clooten, Clem 800 Cushman St. Fairbanks, AK 99701 3, 26, 3 (907) 459-6727 EASTERN WASHINGTON CHAPTER 3, 28, 0 Hughes, Lanny (509) 467-0868 9614 W. Nelson Fax (509) 465-0605 Nine Mile Falls, WA 99026 email: [email protected] IDAHO CHAPTER 3, 42, 0 Fitzloff, Jeff (208) 922-3671 P.O. Box 936 Kuna, ID 83634 email: [email protected] EASTERN IDAHO DIVISION Shaw, Jane L. P.O. Box 482 Iona, ID 83427 email: [email protected] MONTANA CHAPTER Collins, James W. 191 Mountain Peak Rd. Belgrade, MT 59714 email: [email protected] OREGON CHAPTER Grubbs, Mike PO Box 4087 Medford, OR 97501 email: [email protected] PUGET SOUND CHAPTER Copeland, Ken P.O. Box 52712 Bellevue, WA 98015-2712 email [email protected] www.iaei.org www.iaei.org 3, 42, 1 (208) 612-4025 3, 56, 0 (406) 388-0894 fax (406) 582-2355 3, 70, 0 ph. (541) 774-2365 fax. (541) 897-0115 3, 84, 0 (253) 880-4335 PALM BEACH COUNTY DIVISION 5, 16, 1 Naumann, Stephen M. (561) 741-2576 8766 SE Bahama Cir Hobe Sound, FL 33455 email: [email protected] 3, 98, 0 (801) 491-7832 SOUTHERN UTAH DIVISION 3, 98, 1 Brannon, J. Henry (435) 634-5714 P.O. Box 303 Washington, UT 84780-0303 email: [email protected] SOUTHERN SECTION 5, 0, 0 Cook, Donald R. 1123 County Services Drive Pelham, AL 35124 (205) 966-7928 email: [email protected] ALABAMA CHAPTER Masters, Ken 1123 County Services Drive Pelham, AL 35124 email: [email protected] MISSISSIPPI CHAPTER Bowen, Donnie 60033 Tawana Lane Amory, MS 38821 email: [email protected] JOSEPH A. SCHNEEBERGER/FLORIDA GULF COAST DIVISION 5, 16, 7 Holland, Bryan P. (941) 429-7053 4970 City Hall Blvd North Port, FL 34286-4100 email: [email protected] 5, 16, 6 (305) 662-1916 NORTH FLORIDA DIVISION 5, 16, 8 Smith, Raymond (904) 652-1036 3300 Faye Rd fax 904-358-9847 Jacksonville, FL 32226-2383 email: [email protected] 5, 16, 3 (727) 433-2579 SOUTH GEORGIA DIVISION 5, 24, 2 Davis, Jackie (912) 754-2128 601 N Laurel Street Springfield, GA 31329 email: [email protected] 5, 16, 0 (407) 317-3958 CENTRAL FLORIDA DIVISION 5, 16, 2 Fox, Edward J. Jr. (407) 836-5558 19774 Glen Elm Way fax (407) 836-5545 Orlando, FL 32833 email: [email protected] MIAMI/DADE DIVISION Porlick, Robert 7901 SW 67th Ave., #207 S. Miami, FL 33143 email: [email protected] SUNCOAST DIVISION Widera, Richard (Dick) 9201 Tournament Drive Hudson, FL 34667 email: [email protected] GEORGIA CHAPTER 5, 24, 0 McDaniel, Roger (770) 603-5309 172 Keys Ferry St. fax (770) 603-5317 McDonough, GA 30253 email: [email protected] 5, 8, 2 MAYNARD HAMILTON/FT. LAUDERDALE DIVISION 5, 16, 4 Marks, Louis (954) 658-1854 8307 SW 20th St North Lauderdale, FL 33068 email: [email protected] 5, 16, 9 (850) 939-6220 SOUTHEAST LOUISIANA CHAPTER 5, 32, 0 Chan, Larry (504) 658-7145 1300 Perdido St # 7E05 fax (504) 658-7211 New Orleans, LA 70112 email: [email protected] CENTRAL ALABAMA DIVISION 5, 8, 1 Cook, Donald R. (205) 966-7928 1123 County Services Drive Pelham, AL 35124 email: [email protected] FLORIDA CHAPTER DuPriest, Joe L. 1402 Chisholm Ridge Court St. Cloud, Fl. 34771 [email protected] PANHANDLE DIVISION Dellner, Ken 2204 Wedgewood Ct. Navarre, FL 32566-2825 email: [email protected] TREASURE COAST DIVISION 5, 16, 5 Della Croce, Vincent (772) 871-5132 121 SW Port St. Lucie Blvd. Port St Lucie, FL 34984 email: [email protected] 5, 8, 0 (205) 966-5981 SOUTHWEST ALABAMA DIVISION Vacant ecr eta r ies 5, 40, 0 (662) 256-5633 fax (662) 256-6335 N. C. ELLIS CANNADY CHAPTER 5, 48, 0 Ray, Wesley (704) 382-6676 PO Box 1006 EC07S Charlotte, NC 28201 email: [email protected] OKLAHOMA CHAPTER Parsons, Henry 9690 E. 159 St. N. Collinsville, OK 74021 email: [email protected] 5, 60, 0 (918) 371-5047 SABINE CHAPTER Morrison, Norman E. 100 Candlewick Lumberton, TX 77567 email: [email protected] 5, 89, 0 (409) 755-1519 SOUTH CAROLINA CHAPTER Bryson, John P. O. Box 2207 Greenville, SC 29602 email: [email protected] 5, 64, 0 (864) 467-4563 . December November NEWS .February January 20042011 IAEIIAEI NEWS 53 53 S ecr eta r ies TENNESSEE CHAPTER Douglas, Lee 4613 Veterans Pkwy Murfreesboro, TN 37128 email: [email protected] 5, 72, 0 (615) 867-0610 fax (615) 848-1641 HAWAII CHAPTER Yokomichi, Glenn 1128 10th Avenue Honolulu, HI 96816 email: [email protected] CHATTANOOGA DIVISION 5, 72, 1 Lowrance, Amos D. (423) 757-4897 City of Chattanooga, Elec. Inspection Office 1250 Market Street, Suite 1000 Chattanooga, TN 37402 email: [email protected] EAST TENNESSEE DIVISION Taylor, Greg M. PO Box 50666 Knoxville, TN 37950 email: [email protected] 5, 72, 2 (865) 755-2542 TEXAS CHAPTER 5, 80, 0 Hathorn, James (972) 790-3910 3937 Frisco Ave fax (972) 721-2481 Irving, TX 75061 email: [email protected] EAST TEXAS DIVISION Hathorn, James 3937 Frisco Ave Irving, TX 75061 email: [email protected] 5, 80, 1 (972) 721-4889 TEXAS GULF COAST CHAPTER Riffe Jr., Kindrick D. 13104 Kathy Lane Cypress, TX 77429 email: [email protected] 5, 88, 0 713-252-7152 VIRGINIA CHAPTER Humphrey, David 1001 Cedar Crossing Terr Midlothian, VA 23114-3185 email: [email protected] MAUI DIVISION 7, 36, 1 Yokomichi, Glenn (808) 768-8239 1128 10th Avenue Honolulu, HI 96816 email: [email protected] NEW MEXICO CHAPTER Fenton, Doug P. O. Box 92695 Albuquerque, NM 87199 email: [email protected] 7, 68, 0 V (505) 856-1997 F (505) 856-5062 NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER 7, 72, 0 Lovin, Chris 925-454-3754 2637 Collier Canyon Rd. Livermore, CA 94551 e-mail: [email protected] NORTHERN NEVADA CHAPTER 7, 60, 0 Wiskus, Alan (775) 826-9010 681 Sierra Rose Drive, Suite B Reno, NV 89511 email: [email protected] SACRAMENTO VALLEY CHAPTER 7, 84, 0 Wilson, Brent (916) 732-6679 1508 59th St fax (916) 732-6125 Sacramento, CA 95819 email: [email protected] 5, 96, 0 (804) 501-4365 EASTERN VIRGINIA DIVISION 5, 96, 1 Good Jr., Herald (757) 254-6632 16 Sunset Rd Newport News, VA 23606 email: [email protected] SOUTHWESTERN SECTION 7, 0, 0 Hunter, Randal B. (702) 543-1818 7500 W. Lake Meade B1 #9-148 fax (702) 446-5337 Las Vegas, NV 89128 email: [email protected] CENTRAL ARIZONA CHAPTER 7, 12, 0 Sanchez, M. David (602) 803-6681 4122 E Whitney Ln fax (602) 795-2992 Phoenix, AZ 85032 email: [email protected] CENTRAL CALIFORNIA CHAPTER 7, 24, 0 McCoy, Tim (661) 654-7588 6908 Murphy’s Ln. fax (661) 654-7616 Bakersfield, CA 93309 email: [email protected] CENTRAL MEXICO CHAPTER Macias Herrera, M. Antonio Av. Cafet. 1696, Hdas. Coyoacan Mexico, D.F. 04970 email: [email protected] 7, 36, 0 (808) 768-8239 7, 40, 0 (525) 594-9193 NEWS November 2011 .February. December 54 54 IAEIIAEI NEWS January 2004 YOSEMITE DIVISION 7, 84, 1 Eastman, Wayne (209) 275-5098 1001 W. Center Street Manteca, CA 95337 email: [email protected] SHASTA CHAPTER Adams, Mike D. 777 Cypress Ave Redding, CA 96001 email: [email protected] 7, 74, 0 530-225-4358 fax (530) 225-4016 SINALOA CHAPTER 7, 78, 0 Hector Guillermo Gastelum Valdez 011-526-7184624 Mandarinas 1792 La Campina Culiacon Sinaloa 80060 Mexico SOUTHERN ARIZONA CHAPTER 7, 14, 0 Hollander, Richard (520) 883-1835 2580 W Mario Pl Tucson, AZ 85746 email: [email protected] SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CHAPTER 7, 96, 0 Leisher, Charles (909) 612-5406 c/o Square D Co. fax (859) 817-4705 21680 Gateway Center Drive, Ste. 300 Diamond Bar, CA 91765 email: [email protected] GREATER LOS ANGELES AREA DIVISION 7, 96, 1 Leisher, Charles (909) 612-5406 21680 Gateway Center Drive, Ste. 300 Diamond Bar, CA 91765 email: [email protected] BORDER COUNTY DIVISION 7, 96, 2 Kirk, Tiffany 858 654-1641 (o) 8316 Century Park Ct. CP52F San Diego, CA. 92123-1548 email: [email protected] ORANGE EMPIRE DIVISION 7, 96, 3 Griffith, Tom W. (714) 379-4823 5682 Research Dr Ste E Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1618 email: [email protected] SOUTHERN NEVADA CHAPTER 7, 65, 0 Herndon, Howard (702) 595-3129 7500 W. Lake Mead Blvd #9-397 f: (702) 240-9403 Las Vegas, Nevada 89128 email: [email protected] http://www.iaeisnv.com/ WESTERN SECTION 9, 0, 0 Forister, Mike (307) 638-0307 Work 413 West 2nd Ave. (307) 638-4427 Fax Cheyenne, WY 82001 email: [email protected] ARKANSAS CHAPTER Wages Jr., Joseph PO Box 7779 Springdale, AR 72766 email: [email protected] ILLINOIS CHAPTER Stalker, William R. 10418 Linus Lane Oak Lawn, IL 60453 email: [email protected] 9, 5, 0 (479) 750-4610 9, 6, 0 (708) 423-4793 fax (708) 422-4790 CENTRAL ILLINOIS DIVISION 9, 6, 5 Veerman, Rand (309) 454-9588 100 E. 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(219) 845-4433 7200 Mississippi St, Suite 300 Merrillville, IN 46410 IOWA CHAPTER 9, 18, 0 Mentzer, Barb 515-967-6704 Ext 152 407 8th St SE Altoona, IA 50009 email: [email protected] KANSAS SUNFLOWER CHAPTER 9, 22, 0 Cox, Michael D. 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Box 7335 Bismarck, ND 58507-7335 email: [email protected] 9, 47, 0 (701) 328-9522 fax (701) 328-9524 OHIO CHAPTER Cenzori, Joe 11222 Naomi Dr. Parma, OH 44130 email: [email protected] 9, 54, 0 (440) 537-0320 AKRON DIVISION 9, 54, 1 Barnes, Patrick (330) 287-5525 1119 Point of View Drive Apt. A Wooster, Ohio 44691 fax (330) 287-5649 email: [email protected] CENTRAL OHIO DIVISION Reschke, Jeff 210 E. Park St. Westerville, OH 43081 email: [email protected] EASTERN DIVISION OF THE OHIO CHAPTER Eichorn, Byron F. 201 E Commerce St #160 Youngstown, OH 44503 9, 54, 4 (614) 507-2705 9, 54, 7 SOUTH DAKOTA CHAPTER Kippes, Larry J. PO Box 54 Marion, SD 57043 email: [email protected] 9, 78, 0 (605) 941-1054 ST. LOUIS CHAPTER Peek, John 5455 Rhodes Saint Louis, MO 63109 email: [email protected] 9, 72, 0 (314) 481-2228 WISCONSIN CHAPTER Hertel, Joseph A. 114 Charleen Ln. 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December November NEWS .February January 20042011 IAEIIAEI NEWS 55 55 M embership EASTERN SECTION chairs 1, 0, 0 Van Wert, Richard F. (215) 752-3575 43 Country Club Ln Langhorne, PA 19047-2165 email: [email protected] ADIRONDACK HUDSON CHAPTER 1, 5, 0 McBride, John J. (518) 664-8706 227 S. Central Ave. Mechanicville, NY 12118 email: [email protected] CAPE AND ISLAND CHAPTER 1, 9, 0 Spiro, Peter (508) 693-8322 PO Box 214 Monument Beach MA 02553 email: [email protected] CENTRAL PENN. CHAPTER 1, 8, 0 Lenker, Richard E. (717) 236-1864 3809 Griffin Lane Harrisburg, PA 17110 email: [email protected] CHESAPEAKE CHAPTER 1, 6, 0 Badders, Milford L. (410) 638-3363 220 S. Main St. Bel Air, MD 21014 email: [email protected] P.O. Box 212 Ascutney, VT 05030-0212 email: [email protected] website: greenmountainIAEI.com 25 Marquis Rd Trenton, NJ 08638 email: [email protected] LONG ISLAND CHAPTER 1, 30, 0 Jendzo, Richard S. (516) 794-0400 364 Maplewood Rd. Huntington Station, NY 11746 email: [email protected] PECONIC DIVISION Angelillo, Aneal 54 Stratler Dr. Shirley, NY 11967 email: [email protected] 1, 30, 1 (631) 924-7348 NEW JERSEY CHAPTER 1, 40, 0 Fiorello, Alfred (914) 472-5844 179 Nelson Rd 609) 799-8831 Scarsdale, NY 10583 email: [email protected] SKYLAND DIVISION 1, 40, 1 Chontow, Greg (973) 398-0762 29 Normandy Circle Hopatcong, NJ 07843 email: [email protected] 1, 90, 0 WESTERN NEW YORK CHAPTER 1, 95, 0 Newman, George A. (716) 692-2264 15 Moyle Ave Tonawanda, NY 14150 email: [email protected] WESTERN PENN. CHAPTER 1, 97, 0 O’Mara, Thomas (412) 255-9973 P.O. Box 42325 Pittsburgh, PA 15203 email: [email protected] CANADIAN SECTION 2, 0, 0 Arbanas, Tom (416) 253-8531 88 Horner Ave. Toronto, Ontario M8Z 5Y3 email: [email protected] 1, 50, 0 (212) 460-5544 PRAIRIE CHAPTER 2, 64,0 Davidson, John (204) 851-1996 Box 2136 Virden, MB R0M 2C0 email: [email protected] BENJAMIN FRANKLIN CHAPTER 1, 7, 0 Whitney, John (610) 353-5948 117 Walnut St. Newton Square, PA 19073 email: [email protected] NORTHEASTERN PENN. CH. 1, 55, 0 Miller, Kenneth C. (610) 866-9663 P.O. Box 391 Bethlehem, PA 18016-0391 email: [email protected] NOVA SCOTIA CHAPTER 2, 75,0 Smeltzer, Erika (902) 869-5324 21 Col Joseph Scott Dr Lower Sackville, NS B4C 4B1 email: [email protected] EMPIRE CHAPTER Thomas, Timothy 4611 State Rd. 64 Canandagua, NY 14424 email: [email protected] 1, 10, 0 (585) 624-2380 KEYSTONE CHAPTER Rice, Thomas J. PO Box 227 Carbondale, PA 18407 email: [email protected] 1, 56, 0 (570) 282-4992 ONTARIO CHAPTER 2, 63, 0 Shchepanik, Rick (905) 623-3638 1 Peachtree Crescent Bowmanville, ON L1C 4L3 email: [email protected] GENESEE CHAPTER Riggerello, Larry 101 Cragg Rd Rochester, NY 14616 email: [email protected] 1, 18, 0 (585) 663-0117 PAUL REVERE CHAPTER 1, 60, 0 Martin, Leo F. Sr. (508) 540-6534 PO Box 1313 North Falmouth, MA 02556 email: [email protected] QUEBEC CHAPTER 2, 81, 0 Dagenais, Rolland (450) 678-0519 6860 Barry St. fax (450) 678-0786 Brossard, Quebec J4Z 1V1 email: [email protected] GEORGE WASHINGTON CH. 1, 20, 0 Welborne, Robert (301) 908-1123 13100 Tobacco Trail Lane Brandywine, Maryland 20613-2512 email: [email protected] PINE TREE CHAPTER 1, 65, 0 DeAngelis, Charlie (207) 784-8262 81 Harold Street Lewiston, ME 04240 email: [email protected] GRANITE STATE CHAPTER 1, 23, 0 DiBartolomeo, Michael P.O. Box 1184 East Hampstead, NH 03826 email: [email protected] ROGER WILLIAMS CHAPTER 1, 70, 0 Delsignore, Peter (401) 942-6609 63 Alto St. Cranston, RI 02920-7004 email: [email protected] GREEN MOUNTAIN CHAPTER 1, 25, 0 Rea, Andrew A. (802) 384-6207 SOUTH JERSEY CHAPTER 1, 75, 0 Mahan, Robert J. (609) 538-1416 DELMARVA DIVISION Savage Sr., Michael L. 12136 Holly Road Ridgely, MD 21660 1, 6, 1 (443) 677-7037 NEW YORK CHAPTER O’Neill, Richard J. 4 Irving Place, 10th Fl New York, NY 10003 email: o’[email protected] CONNECTICUT CHAPTER Gilleran, James 725 Old Post Road Fairfield, CT 06824 email: [email protected] 56 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 NORTHWESTERN SECTION 3, 0, 0 Western, Layne (801) 569-5056 8000 S Redwood Rd West Jordan, UT 84088-4604 email: [email protected] ALASKA CHAPTER 3, 26, 0 Parkin, Perry (907) 227-1807 8531 Atkins Pl Anchorage, AK 99507 email: [email protected] www.iaei.org M embership FAIRBANKS DIVISION 3, 26, 3 Clooten, Clemens M. (907) 459-6727 800 Cushman St. Fairbanks, AK 99701 email: [email protected] EASTERN WASHINGTON CH. 3, 28, 0 Westby, Greg (509) 324-2565 601 Sunrise Dr. Cheney, WA 99004 email: [email protected] IDAHO CHAPTER Loudin, Thomas PO Box 734 Post Falls, ID 83877 email: [email protected] 3, 42, 0 (208) 773-5390 MONTANA CHAPTER Salvia, Vincent J. 5300 Bostwick Rd Bozeman, MT 59715 email: [email protected] 3, 56, 0 (406) 585-9642 OREGON CHAPTER 3, 70, 0 Chamber, Marc (541) 548-0430 7445 N Highway 97 Terrebonne Oregon 97760 email: [email protected] PUGET SOUND CHAPTER 3, 84, 0 Simmons, Jim (360) 280-8346 1320 Dayton St. NE Olympia, WA 98501 email: [email protected] UTAH CHAPTER 3, 98, 0 Brooks, I. Kurt (801) 255-8089 7000 S. Commerce Park Dr. Midvale, UT 84047 email: [email protected] SOUTHERN SECTION 5, 0, 0 Devine, Leonard (561) 704-8905 473 Woodside Drive West Palm Beach, FL 33415 email: [email protected] ALABAMA CHAPTER 5, 8, 0 Hamilton, Dale (334) 605-2081 25 Washington Ave. Montgomery, AL 36104 email: [email protected] FLORIDA CHAPTER 5, 16, 0 Licitra, Salvato "Ted" (561) 685-5998 14450 77 Place N. Loxahatchee, FL 33470 email: [email protected] CENTRAL FLORIDA DIVISION 5, 16, 2 Lewis, Richard G. (407) 836-5509 P.O. Box 1067 Altoona, FL 32702 email: [email protected] www.iaei.org JOSEPH A. SCHNEEBERGER/FLORIDA GULF COAST DIVISION 5, 16, 7 Holland, Bryan P. (941) 429-7053 4970 City Hall Blvd North Port, FL 34286-4100 email: [email protected] MAYNARD HAMILTON/FT. LAUDERDALE DIVISION 5, 16, 4 Richardson, Pat (954) 597-3442 4605 Bayberry Ln fax (954) 597-3450 Tamarac, FL 33319-3175 email: [email protected] MIAMI/DADE DIVISION 5, 16, 6 Madsen, Paul R. (305) 593-6700 x3104 8300 NW 53 St., Suite 200 Doral, FL 33166 email: [email protected] NORTH FLORIDA DIVISION Douglas, Jimmy 214 N Hogan St Jacksonville, FL 32202-4240 email: [email protected] 5, 16, 8 (904) 255-8567 PALM BEACH COUNTY DIV. 5, 16, 1 Nutter, Debbie (561) 799-4265 12876 Temple Blvd fax (561) 799-4211 Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33412 email: [email protected] PANHANDLE DIVISION 5, 16, 9 Henderson, Barry (850) 833-9600 PO Box 4009 Fort Walton Beach, FL 850-833-9600 email: [email protected] SUNCOAST DIVISION Widera, Richard (Dick) 9201 Tournament Drive Hudson, FL 34667 email: [email protected] 5, 16, 3 (727) 433-2579 TREASURE COAST DIVISION 5, 16, 5 Della Croce, Vincent (772) 871-5132 121 SW Port St. Lucie Blvd. Port St Lucie, FL 34984 email: [email protected] GEORGIA CHAPTER 5, 24, 0 Smith, Jr., George W. (912) 876-4147 115 E. M.L. King Jr. Drive Hinesville, Georgia 31313 email: [email protected] SOUTH GEORGIA DIVISION 5, 24, 2 Davis, Jackie (912) 754-2128 601 N Laurel St Springfield, GA 31329 email: [email protected] MISSISSIPPI CHAPTER 5, 40, 0 Bowen, Donnie (662) 256-5633 60033 Tawana Lane fax (662) 256-6335 Amory, MS 38821 email: [email protected] chairs N. C. ELLIS CANNADY CHAPTER 5, 48, 0 Brooks, Robbie (919) 733-2955 P.O. Box 18727 fax (919) 733-6105 Raleigh, NC 27619 email: [email protected] OKLAHOMA CHAPTER Currie, Les R. 704 Tower Park Dr. Stillwater, OK 74075 email: [email protected] 5, 60, 0 (405) 743-2255 SABINE CHAPTER 5, 89, 0 Hass, Ramon (Butch) (409) 983-8243 P.O. Box 1089 fax: (409) 98308287 Port Arthur, TX 77642 email: [email protected] SOUTH CAROLINA CHAPTER 5, 64, 0 Torin, Marc L. (843) 247-2856 1 Town Centre Ct. Hilton Head Island, SC 29928 email: [email protected] SOUTHEAST LOUISIANA CH. 5, 32, 0 Probst, Warren F. (504) 733-9446 709 Jefferson Heights Ave Jefferson, LA 70121 email: [email protected] TENNESSEE CHAPTER 5, 72, 0 Fisher, James (615) 206-1666 1008 Villagegreen Crossing, Apt. 1301 Gallatin, TN 37066 email: [email protected] CHATTANOOGA DIVISION 5, 72, 1 Ashley, Buford (423) 643-5835 1250 Market Street, Suite 1000 Chattanooga, TN 37402 email: [email protected] EAST TENNESSEE DIVISION Fluri, Phil 5223 Lavesta Drive Knoxville, TN 37918 email: [email protected] TEXAS CHAPTER Boggus, Doug L. 206 W. Church St. Grand Prairie, TX 75053 email: [email protected] TEXAS GULF COAST CHAPTER Riffe Jr., Kindrick D. 13104 Kathy Lane Cypress, TX 77429 5, 72, 2 (865) 558-2771 5, 80, 0 (972) 237-8240 5, 88, 0 713-252-7152 VIRGINIA CHAPTER 5, 96, 0 Kines, Haywood (703) 792-7064 5 County Complex Ct. Suite 120 Prince William, VA 22192 email: [email protected] November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 57 M embership chairs SOUTHWESTERN SECTION 7, 0, 0 Griffith, Tom W. (714) 379-4823 5682 Research Dr Ste E Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1618 email: [email protected] CENTRAL ARIZONA CHAPTER 7-12-0 DeLuca, Rocco (480) 732-1999 1500 E. Toledo St. Gilbert, AZ 85295-5511 email: [email protected] NEW MEXICO CHAPTER 7, 68, 0 Vigil-Hollander, Nina (505) 222-9800 5200 Oakland Ave Albuquerque, NM 87113 email: [email protected] SOUTHERN ARIZONA CHAPTER 7, 14, 0 Hendricks, Mark (520) 349-3804 201 N. Stone Ave Tucson, Arizona 85701 email: [email protected] NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CH. 7, 72, 0 Santos, Robert (510) 656-7392 41433 Apricot Lane Fremont, CA 94539 email: [email protected] SACRAMENTO VALLEY CHAPTER 7, 84, 0 Wilson, Brent (916) 732-5395 PO Box 15830 Sacramento, CA 95852 email: [email protected] YOSEMITE DIVISION 7, 84, 1 Lucas, Ray (209) 577-5232 1010 10th Street Modesto, CA 95353 email: [email protected] WESTERN SECTION 9, 0, 0 INDIANA CHAPTER Soderquist, David A. 7200 Mississippi St Ste 300 Merrillville, IN 46410-3992 email: [email protected] NORTHWEST INDIANA DIV. Soderquist, David A. 7200 Mississippi St Ste 300 Merrillville, IN 46410-3992 email: [email protected] 9, 12, 0 (219) 845-4433 9, 12, 1 (219) 845-4433 McClintock, Tim (330) 749-9782 11813 Township Rd 516 fax (866) 461-8768 Shreve, Ohio 44676 website: www.iaei-western.org/ email: [email protected] IOWA CHAPTER 9, 18, 0 Chambers, Richard B. (319) 354-2765 907 5th Ave Iowa City, IA 52240-6403 email: [email protected] ARKANSAS CHAPTER Gray, David 126 Wildwood Forest Rd. Hot Springs, AR 71913 email: [email protected] KANSAS SUNFLOWER CHAPTER 9, 22, 0 Slifer, Lin (620) 382-3032 P.O. Box 163 Marion, KS 66861 email: [email protected] 9, 5, 0 (501) 617-0608 C. (501) 538-4225 ILLINOIS CHAPTER 9, 6, 0 Hackett, Ron email: [email protected] 98 Stonegate Rd Buffalo Grove, IL 60089 NORTHERN NEVADA CHAPTER 7, 60, 0 Kay, Timothy (775) 328-2022 PO Box 11130 Reno, NV 89520 email: [email protected] SOUTHERN NEVADA CHAPTER 7, 65, 0 Hughes, Doug L. (702) 285-5767 17 Painted View St. Henderson, NV 89012 email: [email protected] SHASTA CHAPTER 7, 74, 0 Adams, Mike D. (530) 225-4358 777 Cypress Ave. Redding, CA 96001 email: [email protected] SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CH. 7, 96, 0 Healy, Patrick (858) 694-3787 5201-B Ruffin Rd San Diego, CA 62054 email: [email protected] CENTRAL ILLINOIS DIVISION 9, 6, 5 Veerman, Rand (309) 452-7489 100 E. Phoenix Ave Normal, IL 61761 NORTHEAST SUBURBAN DIV. Hackett, Ron 98 Stonegate Rd Buffalo Grove, IL 60089 email: [email protected] 9, 6, 6 NORTHERN ILLINOIS DIV. 9, 6, 3 Cerutti, Mark (815) 987-5749 425 E State St. Rockford, IL 61004-1014 email: [email protected] SOUTH SUBURBAN DIVISION 9, 6, 4 Moran, Pat (708) 458-4699 7825 Suburban Ln Bridgeview, IL 60455 SOUTHERN ILLINOIS DIV. Cronin, Daniel PO Box 111 St. Libory, IL 62282 email: [email protected] 9, 6, 7 (618) 768-4436 BORDER COUNTY DIVISION 7, 96, 2 Mastrovic, Dean (858) 565-9595 P.O. Box 3212 La Mesa, CA 91944-3212 email: [email protected] SUBURBAN DIVISION Perrin, Troy 1140 64th St – Unit #11 LaGrange Highlands, IL 60525 email: [email protected] 9, 6, 1 (773) 317-7003 ORANGE EMPIRE DIVISION 7, 96, 3 Fisher, Jill (949) 360-6815 25791 Commercentre Dr. fax (949) 448-4111 Lake Forest, CA 92630 email: [email protected] WILLIAM P. HOGAN CHICAGO DIV. 9, 6, 2 Hall, Keith (312) 743-3548 8239 S. Mozart Chicago, IL 60652 email: [email protected] 58 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 KENTUCKY CHAPTER Karlen, Richard S. 908 Rosemary Dr. Louisville, KY 40213 email: [email protected] 9, 24, 0 (502) 634-3544 MICHIGAN CHAPTER 9, 30, 0 Hoekwater, Robert (616) 261-3522 1155 28th Street SW Wyoming, MI 40509 email: [email protected] MINNESOTA CHAPTER 9, 36, 0 Miller, Timothy G. (952) 563-8954 1800 W. Old Shakopee Rd Bloomington, MN 55431 email: [email protected] MISSOURI-KANSAS CHAPTER 9, 42, 0 Kunellis, Alex (913) 477-7700 12350 W 87th Pkwy Fax: (913) 477-7730 Lenexa, KS 66215 NEBRASKA CHAPTER Chrisp, Daniel D. 112 N. Dewey St. North Platte, NE 69101 9, 44, 0 (308) 532-4218 NORTH DAKOTA CHAPTER 9, 47, 0 Steier, Brad (701) 255-0777 8401 Northwood Dr Bismarck, ND 58503 email: [email protected] OHIO CHAPTER 9, 54, 0 Jamison, Jack E. (304) 692-9779 991 River Road fax (304) 788-9102 Morgantown, WV 26501 email: [email protected] AKRON DIVISION Moore, Thomas E. 3100 E. Waterloo Road 9, 54, 1 (330) 790-7184 www.iaei.org M embership Akron, OH 44312 email: [email protected] CENTRAL OHIO DIVISION 9, 54, 4 Dixon, Tom (614) 882-8389 6311 Commonwealth Dr. Westerville, OH 43082 email: [email protected] NORTHWEST DIVISION 9, 54, 5 Swan, Stephanie A. 305 Glenmere Way Toledo, OH 43615-5207 (419) 534-3011 SOUTHWEST DIVISION 9, 54, 3 Jenkins, Dewayne (937) 296.2419 3600 Shroyer Road Fax: (937) 296.3240 Kettering, Ohio 45429 e-mail: [email protected] WESTERN RESERVE DIVISION 9, 54, 2 Rom, Mark (330) 562-6372 1060 E. Mennonite Road Aurora, OH 44202 email: [email protected] Education Chairs — Section EASTERN SECTION Hudak, John C. 99 Rosalie Street Old Forge, PA 18518 SOUTH DAKOTA CHAPTER 9, 78, 0 Fields, Tom (605) 367-8676 224 W 9th St Sioux Falls, SD 57110 email: [email protected] ST. LOUIS CHAPTER 9, 72, 0 Smith, Michael W. (314) 487-2353 3640 Forestdale Drive Saint Louis, MO 63125 email: [email protected] WISCONSIN CHAPTER Froemming, Steven 4995 S Racine Ave New Berlin, WI 53146 email: [email protected] 9, 90, 0 (262) 679-8817 WYOMING CHAPTER 9, 95, 0 White, John P. (307) 672-3984 P. O. Box 187 Green River, WY 82935 email: [email protected] www.iaei.org SOUTHERN SECTION 5, 0, 0 Baker, Tarry L. (954) 765-4500 One N. University Dr., Ste 3500 B Plantation, FL 33324 email: [email protected] SOUTHWESTERN SECTION 7, 0, 0 McMahill, Lanny (602) 431-9164 6818 South 39th Place Phoenix, AZ 85042-6201 email: [email protected] NORTHWESTERN SECTION 3, 0, 0 Porter, Christine (206) 789-4039 702 North 86th Street Seattle, WA 98103 email: [email protected] WESTERN SECTION 9, 0, 0 Manche, Alan (859) 245-7925 1601 Mercer Road Lexington, KY 40511 email: [email protected] International Office Personnel EASTERN DIVISION OF THE OHIO CHAPTER ROCKY MOUNTAIN CHAPTER 9, 66, 0 Bobo, Larry D. (719) 488-2632 P.O. Box 951 Palmer Lake, CO 80133 email: [email protected] 1, 0, 0 (570) 881-1388 CANADIAN SECTION 2, 0, 0 Geralde, Doug (416) 747-4295 CSA International 178 Rexdale Blvd. Toronto, Ontario M9W 1R3 email: [email protected] WEST VIRGINIA DIVISION 9, 54, 6 Jamison, Jack E. (800) 595-7952 991 River Road fax (304) 788-9102 Morgantown, WV 26501 email: [email protected] 9, 54, 7 Grivensky, John (800) 437-0932 201 E. Commerce St. – Suite # 160 Youngstown, OH 44503 email: [email protected] chairs CEO/Executive Director David Clements, [email protected] Customer Service, ext. 0 [email protected] Administrative Services Education Director of Administrative Services Natalie Coleman, ext. 23 [email protected] Director of Education, Codes & Standards L. Keith Lofland, ext. 36 [email protected] Certification Assistant Administrator Debbie Wills, ext. 22 [email protected] Education, Codes & Standards Coordinator Jonathan Cadd, ext. 37 [email protected] Bookkeeper Cathy Higgs, ext. 31 [email protected] Admin. Professional, Seminar & Education Barbara Eastwood, ext. 27 [email protected] Controller Susan Williams Publishing & Marketing Membership & Customer Service Director of Membership and Customer Service Annette Thomas, ext. 38 [email protected] Warehouse Manager Jeffrey Phillips, ext. 25 [email protected] Customer Service Amber Pena, ext. 28 [email protected] Director of Publishing and Marketing Kathryn P. Ingley, ext. 30 [email protected] Research Editor and Webmaster Laura Hildreth, ext. 33 [email protected] Creative Director John Watson, ext. 35 [email protected] Alicia Zamora-Brown ext. 34 [email protected] November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 59 I AEI Canadian Perspective by Ark. Tsisserev, P. Eng. Installation of fire pumps — a bit of new information T his subject is not new. There have been numerous articles written about the CE Code requirements for fire pump installations and about the selection of the conductors and overcurrent protection for fire pump feeders. So, what’s the reason to revisit this issue? The answer is: changes to the NFPA 20. Let’s elaborate. This article is intended to clarify the requirements of Rule 32-206 of the Canadian Electrical 60 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 Code, Part I – 2009 and to correlate these requirements with the NFPA 20-2010 (the latest published edition of the standard). Background 1. Rule 32-206(5) of the CE Code requires that the rating or setting of a circuit breaker installed in a normal power supply circuit, upstream of the fire pump controller shall be not less than that of the overcurrent www.iaei.org I AEI Canadian Perspective protection that is provided integral with the fire pump controller. Appendix B Note on this Rule clarifies the Code requirement by stating that this circuit breaker should have setting of its overcurrent devices coordinated with the setting of the overcurrent devices of the circuit breaker that is provided integrally with the fire pump controller, and this coordination should be established “in such a manner that the upstream overcurrent device does not disconnect the circuit prior to the operation of the fire pump controller overcurrent protection.” Additional Note in Appendix B on this Rule advises the Code users that NFPA 20 mandates an instantaneous/magnetic trip setting of the circuit breaker in a fire pump controller at not more than 20 times of the full-load current of the fire pump and a thermal trip setting of the value that will allow a fire pump controller to carry locked rotor current for a period between 8 and 20 sec. NFPA 20 also specifies that locked rotor overcurrent protection in the fire pump controller must be “calibrated and set at a minimum of 300 percent of motor full-load current.” Rule 32-206(4) requires that if a circuit breaker is installed in an emergency power supply circuit, upstream of the fire pump transfer switch, then the rating or setting of this circuit breaker must comply with Rule 28-200 (i.e., it must be selected in accordance with Table D16 of the CE Code). This requirement is based on the exception provided in previous editions of NFPA 20 — which was allowing bypass overcurrent protection within the fire pump controller when the power is derived from an emergency generator. This CE Code requirement reflects the fact that a coordination of the O/C protection settings at the circuit breaker installed in the emergency power supply circuit with the O/C settings at the fire pump controller circuit breaker is no longer necessary, as the fire pump controller circuit breaker is bypassed when the power is derived from an emergency generator (see diagram 1). 2. Rule 32-200 of the CE Code mandates that conductors from an emergency power supply to the fire pump must have an ampacity not less than 125% of the full-load current rating of the fire pump motor. It should be noted that this Code requirement is no different than the provisions of Rule 28-106 for branch circuit conductors supplying all other types of individual motors. As this Rule does not specify requirements for selection of the ampacity of fire pump conductors from a normal power supply circuit, the ampacity of these conductors would have to be selected based on the requirements of Rule 28-106 (i.e., they would have to be also not less than 125% of the full-load current rating of the fire pump motor). www.iaei.org It looks like issues addressed by items one and two above might be intertwined by the rules of the current edition of the CE Code. Let’s discuss these issues. Discussion 1. Clauses 10.4.3.3. and 10.4.4 of the current (2010) edition of NFPA 20 provide similar requirements for the circuit breaker in a fire pump transfer switch as the requirements that are currently referenced in Appendix B Note on Rule 32-206 of the CEC (i.e., instantaneous/magnetic trip setting of the circuit breaker in a fire pump controller at not more than 20 times of the full-load current of the fire pump and a thermal trip setting/locked rotor overcurrent protection setting at a minimum of 300 percent of motor full-load current — to allow a fire pump controller to carry locked-rotor current for a period between 8 and 20 sec). However, the exception that was permitted in 1999 edition of NFPA 20 (in the edition that is referenced in Appendix B Note on Rule 32-206 of the CEC) has been removed from the current edition of the NFPA 20. Clause 10.8.2.1.3. of NFPA 20 (that covers requirements for a transfer switch) states the following: “10.8.2.1.3 Circuit Breaker. The transfer switch emergency side shall be provided with a circuit breaker complying with 10.4.3 and 10.4.4.” This means that a fire pump transfer switch arranged in a “listed combination Fire Pump Controller and Power Transfer Switch” as described in Clause 10.8.2.1 of NFPA 20 must now be provided with a circuit breaker identical to the circuit breaker in the fire pump controller. This also means that the electrical characteristics of the circuit breaker selected by the electrical designers upstream of: (a) the fire pump controller – in the normal power supply circuit, and (b) the fire pump transfer switch – in the emergency power supply circuit must be also identical. This means that the setting requirements described in Rule 32-206(5) of the CEC for the circuit breaker in the normal power supply circuit and coordination of these settings with the circuit breaker of the fire pump controller must be extended to the circuit breaker installed in an emergency power supply circuit (see diagram 2). 2. Rule 32-200 of the CE Code requires that conductors from an emergency power supply to the fire pump must have an ampacity not less than 125% of the fullload current rating of the fire pump motor. It should be noted that this Code requirement is no different than the provisions of Rule 28-106 for branch circuit conductors supplying all other types of individual motors. Rule 32-200 appears to be conspicuously silent on selection of the ampacity of conductors that connect a fire pump to November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 61 I AEI 62 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 Canadian Perspective www.iaei.org I AEI www.iaei.org Canadian Perspective November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 63 I AEI Canadian Perspective a normal power supply circuit. Perhaps, this Rule reflects the fact that in the emergency power supply circuit, the O/C protection of the circuit breaker would not have to be coordinated with the circuit breaker in the fire pump controller, as the overcurrent protection in the fire pump controller was allowed to be bypassed in accordance with the 1999 edition of the NFPA (1999 edition of the NFPA 20 is currently referenced in Appendix B Note on Rule 32-206). If this is the case, then 125% of the full-load current rating of the fire pump motor supplied from an emergency power source is the logical ampacity. It should be also noted that ampacity of branch-circuit conductors based on 125% of the full-load current rating of any motor is shown in Table D16 of the CE Code, and such ampacity values are correlated with the O/C devices protecting these conductors, as also prescribed by Table D16. Thus, provision of Rule 32-200 for the conductors of the emergency power supply circuit made perfect sense, since the O/C protection of the controller, downstream from the circuit breaker installed in the emergency supply circuit, was permitted to be bypassed. However, in light of the fact that in accordance with NFPA 2010, the trip settings of the circuit breaker in the emergency power supply circuit will have to be coordinated with the settings of the circuit breaker in the transfer switch, the conductor ampacity currently mandated by Rule 32-200 (125% of the full-load current) may not be now sufficient to prevent insulation damage from being subjected to damage, as these conductors would have to carry a fault current in excess of 20 times of the full-load current. mal/locked rotor overcurrent protection setting at 350% of the motor full-load current. 3. If a transfer switch “approved for fire pump service” in accordance with Rule 32-208(1)(c) of the CE Code does not meet provisions of the current edition of the NFPA 20 (i.e., integral overcurrent protection is bypassed in the fire pump controller/fire pump transfer switch arrangements, as shown in diagram 1), then current provision of Rule 32-206(4) of the CE Code could be met. Note: Proposal to amend Rule 32-206 has been submitted to the Section 32 S/C of the CE Code — to reflect the conclusion 2 above. 4. Fire pump feeder conductors in both normal and emergency power supply circuits should have an ampacity not less than 200% of the full-load current of the fire pump motor or not less than 200% of the sum of the fullload currents of the fire pump, jockey pump and the fire pump auxiliary loads, where two or more motors are provided with the fire pump. Note: Proposal to amend Rule 32-200 has also been submitted to the Section 32 S/C of the CE Code — to reflect this conclusion. 5. Fire pump feeder conductors from both the normal and the emergency power supply sources to the fire pump should be protected against fire exposure to provide continued operation for not less than 1 h in accordance with sentence 3.2.7.10.(2) of the NBCC 2010. (i.e., conductors shall have circuit integrity rating not less than 1 h in accordance with the ULC S139 “Fire Test for Evaluation of Integrity of Electrical Cables” or be located in a service space that is separated from the remainder of the building by a fire separation that has a fire resistance rating not less than 1 h). However, it should be noted that the above concluConclusion sions only represent observations of the author on this 1. A circuit breaker designed for installation in a normal subject, and until these conclusions are incorporated power supply circuit, upstream of the circuit breaker in into the CE Code as the result of the submitted proposa fire pump controller (see diagram 2) should be selected als, compliance with them is not legally required, as these with an instantaneous trip setting at 21 times of the full- conclusions simply describe a good engineering practice. load current and with thermal/locked rotor overcurrent And as usual, the appropriate AHJ should be conprotection setting at 350% of the motor full-load current. sulted on this subject during the design and installation 2. If a transfer switch “approved for fire pump service” of the fire pumps circuits. in accordance with Rule 32-208(1)(c)of the CE Code Ark Tsisserev has been an electrical safety regulator meets provisions of the current edition of the NFPA for more than 25 years and has recently retired from the 20 (i.e., is provided with an integral circuit breaker), city of Vancouver as chief electrical inspector. Ark is a then the circuit breaker designed for installation in past president of the Canadian Section of the IAEI. He is the emergency power supply circuit, upstream of the a registered professional engineer with a master’s degree in electrical engineering. He is currently the chair of the circuit breaker in the transfer switch (see diagram 2) Technical Committee for the Canadian Electrical Code should also be selected with an instantaneous trip set- and is representing the CE Code Committee on the CMP-1 of the Nating at 21 times of the full-load current and with ther- tional Electrical Code. 64 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org I AEI Canadian Perspective EXPERIENCE SERVICE BEYOND STANDARD Getting electrical equipment approved for use in Canada is not just a formality. It’s an important business decision. You need a field evaluation company that will work with you expertly and efficiently. A recognized label that is accepted without question. ESAFE is the #1 field evaluation service in Canada. It’s what we do exclusively and we make it our business to be the best. We are committed to responding to your needs within 24 hours – no matter where in the world you are located. Call ESAFE today. It’s the safest call you’ll make. 1-800-559-5356 Website: www.esafieldevaluation.ca Email: [email protected] www.iaei.org Service Beyond Standard November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 65 it’s a pv world after all by Thomas A. Domitrovich T It’s a PV World After All he harvesting of the sun’s power has increased in popularity to a point where an inspection or installation of a solar application is probably not new to many. The Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC) reports that “Over 124,000 new solar heating, cooling, and solar electric installations were completed in 2010, an increase of 22% compared to the number of systems installed in 2009. The capacity of these installations is 981 MWDC for electricity production and 814 MWTH for thermal heating. The majority of the market share for each solar technology is concentrated in a few states. However, the number of states with a significant number of installations is growing.” If you haven’t seen a PV installation yet, rest assured that the likelihood of your being on a PV site is imminent. The market activity in PV has driven many new products into our markets, making the inspector’s job difficult as technology can change from one job to the next. You will be faced with new products and configurations that will require you to do your homework. A heightened sense of awareness is an asset in this changing market. Products are changing faster than the codes and standards that govern them. You must be prepared and well-read on this topic. Table 1. 2010 grid-connected PV capacity grid-connected capacity of 252 MW of dc power. On the complete opposite side of the country, for that same year, New Jersey came in second at a whopping 132.4 MW of grid connected dc power. These two states are leading the charge in grid-connected solar which has grown in the United States, in 2010 alone, by 62% to The Solar Market The solar market is growing by leaps and bounds here in 606 MWdc. As shown in table 1, the top 10 states are the United States, with California and New Jersey lead- not necessarily located in one specific geographical area. California and New Jersey may be leading the pack ing the pack with respect to grid-connected solar installations (table 1). California, for 2010, had an installed on an installed base playing field, but Nevada and New 66 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org it’s a pv world after all Photo 1. Example of corrosion build-up due to dissimilar metals Mexico had a PV explosion occur that drove their connected grid MW of dc through the roof. These states grew from 2.5 MWdc and 1.4 MWdc to 68.3 MWdc and 40.9 MWdc, respectively. That is an outstanding growth and if you live and inspect or install in these states, you were in the middle of it. The PV market, without a doubt, has exploded across the United States. The impetus for this growth is government subsidies and tax rebates. As I write, headlines are showing some of these subsidies drying up and some solar corporations closing shop. This type of activity may cause one to wonder if PV has the momentum to keep on trucking as the return on investment for these installations are not quite as attractive without these government rebates. As the cost of components for PV installations comes down, it is quite possible that a non-government subsidized market could be in our future. One thing is for sure, our markets have the parts and pieces and experience to get a PV system up and running. The do-ityourselfers are armed and dangerous. Your Safety Plan Excuse me while I climb up onto my soap box — if you are working in and around electrical equipment for a living, you need a safety plan. You should know and www.iaei.org communicate it with those who work with and for you. Photovoltaic installations present unique challenges that you need to address. This is a good time to dust off your safety plan and make some updates. Rated for Use – Tools & PV System Components We are very used to alternating current because we work with it on a daily basis. Direct current presents challenges and shouldn’t be taken lightly. Those tools you use on dc systems must be rated for dc. This may require the need to know the dc voltage and dc current with which you will be working on your next project. Whether you are an inspector, a commissioning agent or an installer, you should be prepared with the knowledge of the voltage and current levels with which you are working. This may require you to understand how to calculate these maximum votlages and currents for your system correctly. Direction of Power Flow PV systems can present a challenge when simply trying to determine what terminals are energized when a dissconnect, or other similar switch device, is opened. We know that in an ac system, turning off a breaker means that the load terminal — that furthest away from the utility — is de-energized. This may not be the case November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 67 it’s a pv world after all when you open a disconnect switch in a PV system. You are in a situation where you have an on-site utility system; the PV array connected into your building is supplying power just as a utility supplies power. What you would normally consider a load terminal may just be the source terminal. Multiple arrays connected through a combiner box present an opportunity for other arrays to backfeed through the electrical equipment to a disconnected array. In this case, both line and load terminals may be energized. The key here is to understand the network and to assume every terminal is energized unless checked and verified. Note too that the equipment in these systems must be able to handle power flow in both directions. eas with which you will want to familiarize yourself for your next PV installation visit. Bonding PV presents some challenges when it comes to bonding; and the bonding / grounding of the system is very important — arguably the most important part of the installation. Most rails and frames of a PV system are anodized aluminum. If you use incorrect bonding practices or incorrect bonding materials, you may eventually achieve galvanic corrosion as shown in photo 1. The installation will look great when first installed but over time this bonding connection will be jeopardized and the impedance of the connection will increase, decreasing the effectiveness of your grounding system. The surface of these PV structures is non-conductive enough to Good PV Gone Bad Mistakes and problems in PV applications can be costly prevent a good electrical connection with simple contact, and may not show up until well after the installation but yet is not insulating enough to protect those who has been up and running, trouble free, for quite possibly may touch it. Make sure you use the correct bonding years. The following is a brief overview of some key ar- lugs and read the instructions of every piece of equip- Photo 2. Example of proper bonding. You can see the whole is labeled for the function, the clamp is of stainless steel and the bushing digs into the metal for a good solid connection. 68 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org it’s a pv world after all Readily Accessible A PV system requires a readily accessible disconnect. Some utilities have special requirements of their own with this regard. Readily accessible is defined in the National Electrical Code (NEC) as “Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal, or inspections without requiring those to whom ready access is reqApply Per Manufacturer’s Instructions uisite to climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to Reading user manuals and installation instructions are portable ladders, and so forth.” In some cases, a dc dithings we may not normally do when working with products with which we are familiar. PV and other dc sonnect may be located on the roof near the solar panapplications may not be the environment that you are els. There are even products on the market today that used to and, hence, this demands attention to detail. integrate the disconnect switch with the combiner box. Read the instructions that come with all equipment; and If the disconnect is not in a readily accessible location, if you are using accessories that did not come with the a separate dc disconnect that is readily accessible may product, to which the accessory will be applied, make be required. Some jurisdictions may require a dc dissure it is rated for it. You may consider creating a binder connect on the roof next to the solar panels, but the and collect user manuals and installation instructions Code clearly states a dissconnect must be provided that for those systems you are visiting or may visit. This is readily accessible. may become an invaluable resource. Grounding lugs and bonding equipment are common items that will The Combiner Box be purchased separately and added to such equipment This enclosure is known to be a source of many problems as various enclosures and solar panels. If you are not in PV systems. Some combiner boxes may be “home sure about the compatibility between these accessories brewed” solutions and not listed. A combiner box may and the products they will be installed in or on, call the look simple, but make no mistake it should be a listed manufacturer or the listing agent and make sure they solution. Some combiner boxes require bonding bushings that can be found missing or installed incorrectly. are compatible. The NEMA enclosure rating is also important for this and any enclosure used in a PV system. This is one comTapping mon area for mistakes, mainly because of the environThe point of connection to the ac system can lead one to ment. You are on a roof. Boxes mount easily when they make modifictions to existing equipment which voids are placed on their back. Make sure the NEMA rating the listing of the product. Tapping a bus in a switchpermits this. You cannot put a 3R enclosure on its back board or similar assembly should only happen if the bus on the roof — this application requires a 4R or higher you are tapping is labeled “TAP” or similar. This indienclosure. A 3R enclosure needs to be installed upright cates that the holes you are about to use are meant for and not at an angle or flat on its back. that purpose. There may be holes in the bus that if used but not labeled for tapping could void your UL listing. New Technologies Discuss your modifications with the manufacturer. This Everything is changing in these solar applications. A few includes any plans to add or integrate a PV system with examples include grounded versus ungrounded systems an existing assembly, especially when it is not clear on and micro-inverters. These are good examples because if how to do so. you don’t know what you are walking into, you could be ment you install. The connection to panels is commonly done incorrectly in that the designated holes may not be used and new holes drilled and tapped for a volume of reasons. Take the time to observe bonding practices closely. Reverse Feed Breakers Another way to connect into the ac system for PV is through a breaker in an existing or new panel. Remember that some breakers may not be suitable for a reverse power feed application. If the breaker is labeled “Line” and “Load,” you cannot backfeed through this breaker. Only breakers that are not labeled “Line” and “Load” can be backfed. Nothing complicated to this fact; yet, we still find it in the field. www.iaei.org very much unprepared for what you see. Plan reviews are very important when it comes to spotting these anomalies. Ungrounded systems are going to be seen more and more in the United States. This is something that is very popular in other countries. This too may drive the voltages we work with up, and in some cases beyond what UL listings address to date. The isolation transformer found in grounded PV systems acts as a filter and a voltage changer among other things. When you remove the isolation transformer, an un-grounded PV system, you November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 69 it’s a pv world after all Photo 3. Example of a micro-inverter; these devices put ac on the roof instead of dc. remove a lot of cost and inefficiencies from the system. You also remove the voltage changing capabilities and, hence, you may see voltages up to 1000 volts dc or even higher for these systems. Micro-inverters on the other hand will make you do a 180 as these devices put ac on the roof right after the panel. Your plan reviews are important. Closing Remarks If there is anything that you take away from this article on PV systems, I would hope that you understand that every PV job is a new experience. Your safety is paramount to anything else on the job site. Don’t assume anything is de-energized and don’t hurry through your work. The labeling requirements for PV systems alone should speak volumes. If you walk a code-compliant PV installation, the signs and labels alone are a sight to see. This alone should heighten your sense of awareness. But then again, the more you do, the more familiar you be70 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 come and the more likely that a clumsy mistake may occur. Don’t let familiarity breed contempt when it comes to your next PV project. As always, keep safety at the top of your list and ensure that you and those around you live to see another day. If you have any tips or ideas you would like to share, please feel free to send them to me at [email protected]. I look forward to your input to these articles and guidance for future articles. Thomas A. Domitrovich is a national application engineer with Eaton Corporation in Pittsburgh PA. He has 19 years of experience as an electrical engineer and is a LEED Accredited Professional. Thomas is active in various trade organizations on various levels including the International Association of Electrical Inspectors (IAEI), Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association (NEMA) and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Thomas is involved with and chairs various committees for NEMA and IEEE and is an Alternate member on NFPA 73. He is very active in the state by state adoption process of NFPA 70 working closely with review committees and other key organizations in this effort. www.iaei.org it’s a pv world after all www.iaei.org November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 71 Perspectives on PV inspecting pv systems INSPECTING PV SYSTEMS 72 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org inspecting pv systems by John Wiles Plan Reviewers and Inspectors. What Do You Need? Photovoltaic (PV) power systems are becoming more numerous, larger and more complex. Inspectors and plan reviewers have limited time to deal with these new systems and still carry on the routine electrical system inspections that have been done for 100 years or more. I intend for these “Perspectives on PV” articles to provide you with information on the Code requirements for these systems and also give you information on how to make the plan reviews and inspections easier and faster. What do you need to know about concerning PV systems? Give me a call or drop me an e-mail and let me know what you would like to see in these articles. There will be a time delay since I am writing this November-December 2011 IAEI News article in August. In a hurry for an answer? Try the e-mail and I’ll try to get a fast response. On the Front Lines Plan reviewers and inspectors bear a heavy responsibility for the safety of the public when it comes to electrical systems, including PV systems. While most residential and small commercial electrical systems have not changed much over the past few decades or so, PV systems now have transformerless inverters for ungrounded PV arrays, microinverters, AC PV modules, dc to dc converters in the PV array and dc PV arc fault circuit protection. Couple those new “toys” with the dc current-limited outputs from the PV modules and we have a very dynamic, constantly evolving situation. I know that many jurisdictions do not have a plan review section or person and that many inspectors only have 15–30 minutes allocated to perform a residential inspection. We all know that there are both qualified and unqualified people doing electrical installations, including PV systems. And with the significant amounts of money flowing into green electrical systems, there are many people jumping on the bandwagon that should not even be near the parade. In this Perspectives on PV, I will share with you a PV installer checklist that covers the more import Code requirements for PV systems. The checklist will show 2005, 2008 and 2011 requirements and the differences will be noted. Since jurisdictions vary in the availability of a plan review department and the time available for the inspection differ, I will not attempt to separate the items that www.iaei.org www.iaei.org November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 73 inspecting pv systems would be accomplished at the plan review stage and those that need to be done at the on-site inspection. And, yes, I have tried many times to read a conductor size and type on a hot sweaty day when the conductors are cut to minimum length inside a disconnect—it sometimes is just not possible. The following checklist is available on the author’s web site (see below) and it is double spaced for better readability. CHECKLIST FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEM INSTALLATIONS manufacturer’s instructions? Note: Bolting the module to a “grounded” structure usually will not meet NEC requirements [110.3(B)]. Array PV mounting racks are usually not identified as equipment-grounding conductors. [Note 690.43(C) and (D) in 2011 have additional provisions and allowances for grounding with mounting structures.] • Properly sized equipment-grounding conductors routed with the circuit conductors? [690.45] Note differences between 2005, 2008 and 2011 NEC. c. Conductors • Conductor type? —If exposed: USE-2, UF (usually inadequate at 60°C), or SE, 90°C, wet-rated and 1. PV ARRAYS • PV modules listed to UL Standard 1703? [110.3] sunlight-resistant. [690.31(B)] (2008 NEC restricts exposed single-conductor wiring to USE-2 and listed [690.4(D)] PV/Photovoltaic Wire/Cable)—If in conduit: RHW-2, THWN-2, or XHHW-2 90°C, wet-rated conductors a. Mechanical Attachment • Modules attached to the mounting structure accord- are required. [310.15] • Conductor insulation rated at 90°C [UL-1703] to ing to the manufacturer’s instructions? [110.3(B)] • Roof penetrations secure and weather tight? [110.12] allow for operation at 70°C+ near modules and in conduit exposed to sunlight (add 17–20°C to ambient temperature-2005 NEC)[see Table 310.15(B)(2) in the 2008 b. Grounding NEC] [Table 310.15(B)(3)(c)] • Each module grounded using the supplied hardware, • Temperature-corrected ampacity calculations based the grounding point identified on the module and the on 156% of short-circuit current (Isc), and the corrected ampacity greater than 156% Isc rating of overcurrent device? [690.8,9] Note: Suggest temperature derating factors of 65°C in installations where the backs of the module receive cooling air (4″ or more from surface) and 75°C where no cooling air can get to the backs of the modules. Ambient temperatures in excess of 40°C may require different derating factors. (2011 690.8 substantially updates ampacity calculations to parallel calculations in other sections of the NEC.) • Portable power cords allowed only for tracker connections? [690.31(C), 400.3,7,8] • Strain reliefs/cable clamps or conduit used on all cables and cords? [300.4, 400.10] • Listed for the application and the environment? Fine stranded, flexible conductor cables properly terminated with terminals listed for such conductors? [690.31(E)(4)] • Cables and flexible conduits installed and properly marked? [690.31(E)] • Exposed conductors in readily accessible areas in a raceway if over 30 volts? [690.31(A)] Note: Raceways cannot be installed on modules. Conductors should be installed so that they are not readily accessible. Photo 2. AC or DC disconnect? 74 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org inspecting pv systems Photo 3. Double Lugging 2. OVERCURRENT PROTECTION • Overcurrent devices in the dc circuits listed for dc operation? If device is not marked dc, verify dc listing with manufacturer. Auto, marine, and telecom devices are not acceptable. • Rated at 1.25 x 1.25 = 1.56 times short-circuit current from modules? [UL-1703, 690.8, module instructions] Note: Both 125% factors are now in the NEC, but the duplicate 125% should be removed from the modular instructions in calendar year 2011. Supplementary listed devices are allowed in PV source circuits only, but branch-circuit rated devices are preferred. [690.9(C)]. • Each module or series string of modules have an overcurrent device protecting the module? [UL-1703/ NEC 110.3(B)] Note: Frequently, installers ignore this requirement marked on the back of modules. Listed combiner PV combiner boxes meeting this requirement are available. One or two strings of modules do not require overcurrent devices, but three strings or more in parallel will usually require an overcurrent device. The module maximum series fuse must be at least 1.56 Isc. • Located in a position in the circuit to protect the module conductors from backfed currents from parallel module circuits or from the charge controller or battery? [690-9(A) FPN, NEC-2008] Informational Note, 2011. • Smallest conductor used to wire modules protected? Sources of overcurrent are parallel-connected modules, batteries, and ac backfeed through inverters. [690-9(A)] • User-accessible fuses in “touch-safe” holders or fuses capable of being changed without touching live contacts? [690.16] Strengthened for 2011 to include distance between overcurrent device and disconnect. www.iaei.org 3. ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS • Pressure terminals tightened to the recommended torque specification? • Crimp-on terminals listed and installed with listed crimping tools by the same manufacturer? [110.3(B)] • Twist-on wire connectors listed for the environment (i.e., dry, damp, wet, or direct burial) and installed per the manufacturer’s instructions? • Pressure lugs or other terminals listed for the environment? (i.e., inside, outside, wet, direct burial) • Power distribution blocks listed and not just UL Recognized? • Terminals containing more than one conductor listed for multiple conductors? • Connectors or terminals using flexible, fine-stranded conductors listed for use with such conductors? [690.31(F), 690.74] • Locking (tool-required) on readily accessible PV conductors operating over 30 volts [690.33(C)] 4. CHARGE CONTROLLERS • Charge controller listed to UL Standard 1741? [110.3] [690.4(D)] • Exposed energized terminals not readily accessible? • Does a diversion controller have an independent backup control method? [690.72(B)(1)] 5. DISCONNECTS • Disconnects listed for dc operation in dc circuits? Automotive, marine, and telecom devices are not acceptable. • PV disconnect readily accessible and located at first point of penetration of PV conductors? November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 75 inspecting pv systems Photo 4. Undetected Ground Fault • PV conductors outside structure until reaching first readily accessible disconnect unless in metallic raceway? [690.14, 690.31(F)] • Disconnects for all current-carrying conductors of PV source? [690.13] • Disconnects for equipment? [690.17] • Grounded conductors not fused or switched? Bolted disconnects OK. Note: Listed PV Centers by Xantrex, Outback, and others for 12, 24, and 48-volt systems contain charge controllers, disconnects, and overcurrent protection for entire dc system with possible exception of source circuit or module protective fuses. 6. INVERTERS (Stand-Alone Systems) • Inverter listed to UL Standard 1741? [110.3] [690.4(D)] Note: Inverters listed to telecommunications or other standards do not meet NEC requirements. • DC input currents calculated for cable and fuse requirements? Input current = rated ac output in watts divided by lowest battery voltage divided by inverter efficiency at that power level. [690.8(B)(4)] • Cables to batteries sized 125% of calculated inverter input currents? [690.8(A)] • Overcurrent/Disconnects mounted near batteries and external to PV load centers if cables are longer than 4–5 feet to batteries or inverter? • High interrupt, listed, dc-rated fuses or circuit break76 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 ers used in battery circuits? AIR/AIC at least 20,000 amps? [690.71(C), 110.9] • No multi-wire branch circuits where single 120volt inverters connected to 120/240-volt load centers? [100—Branch Circuit, Multi-wire], [690.10(C)] 7. BATTERIES • None are listed. • Building-wire type cables used? [Chapter 3] Note: Welding cables, marine, locomotive (DLO), and auto battery cables don’t meet NEC. Flexible, listed RHW, or THW cables are available. Article 400 f lexible cables larger than 2/0 AWG are OK for battery cell connections, but not in conduit or through walls. [690.74, 400.8] Flexible, fine stranded cables require very limited, specially listed terminals. See stand-alone inverters for ampacity calculations. • Access limited? [690.71(B)] • Installed in well-vented areas (garages, basements, outbuildings, and not living areas)? Note: Manifolds, power venting, and single exterior vents to the outside are not required and should be avoided. • Cables to inverters, dc load centers, and/or charge controllers in conduit? • Conduit enters the battery enclosure below the tops of the batteries? [300.4] Note: There are no listed battery boxes. Lockable www.iaei.org inspecting pv systems heavy-duty plastic polyethylene toolboxes are usually acceptable 8. INVERTERS (Utility-Interactive Systems) • Inverter listed to UL Standard 1741 and identified for use in interactive photovoltaic power systems? [690.4(D), 690.60] Note: Inverters listed to telecommunications and other standards do not meet NEC requirements. • Backup charge controller to regulate the batteries when the grid fails? [690.72(B)(1)] • Connected to dedicated branch circuit with backfed overcurrent protection? [690.64] • Listed dc and ac disconnects and overcurrent protection? [690.15,17] • Total rating of overcurrent devices supplying power to ac load center (main breaker plus backfed PV breaker) must be less than load-center rating (120% of rating in residences) [690.64(B)(2)]. The 2008 NEC allows the 120% breaker total on commercial installations and residential system ONLY if the PV breaker is at the opposite end of the busbar from the main utility breaker. No change for 2011. 9. GROUNDING • Only one bonding conductor (grounded conductor to ground) for dc circuits and one bonding conductor for ac circuits (neutral to ground) for system grounding? [250] Note: The main dc bonding jumper will generally be located inside inverters as part of the ground-fault protection devices. On stand-alone systems, the dc bonding jumper may be in a separate ground-fault detection and interruption device or may be built in to the charge controller. • AC and dc grounding electrode conductors connected properly? They may be connected to the same grounding electrode system (ground rod). Separate electrodes, if used, must be bonded together. [690.41,47] The 2008 NEC in 690.47 allows a combined dc grounding electrode conductor and an ac equipment-grounding electrode, but the conditions and requirements are numerous. [690.47]. (2011 NEC clarifies and combines 2005 and 2008 690.47(C) requirements.) • The 2008 NEC 690.47(D) array grounding requirement was removed in 2011 NEC. • Equipment grounding conductors properly sized (even on ungrounded, low-voltage systems)? [690.43, 45, 46] • Disconnects and overcurrent in both of the ungrounded conductors in each circuit on 12-volt, ungrounded systems or on ungrounded systems at any voltage? [240.20(A)], [690.41] www.iaei.org • Bonding/grounding fittings used with metal conduits when dc system voltage is more than 250-V dc? [250.97] 10. CONDUCTORS (General) • Standard building-wire cables and wiring methods used? [300.1(A)] • Wet-rated conductors used in conduits in exposed locations? [100 Definition of Location, Wet] • Insulations other than black in color will not be as durable as black in the outdoor UV-rich environment. • DC color codes correct? They are the same as ac color codes—grounded conductors are white and equipment-grounding conductors are green, green/yellow, or bare. [200.6(A)] Ungrounded PV array conductors on ungrounded PV arrays will not be white in color. For Additional Information The US Department of Energy funding for providing inspectors and the PV Industry with telephone and e-mail support from the author was terminated on March 1, 2011. Answers to your questions may be delayed or not answered at all depending on future funding. Consultation services are available on a contracted basis. E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 575-646-6105 See the web site below for a schedule of presentations on PV and the Code. The Southwest Technology Development Institute web site maintains a PV Systems Inspector/Installer Checklist and all copies of the previous “Perspectives on PV” articles for easy downloading. A color copy of the latest version (1.91) of the 150-page, Photovoltaic Power Systems and the 2005 National Electrical Code: Suggested Practices, written by the author, may be downloaded from this web site: http://www.nmsu.edu/~tdi/Photovoltaics/Codes-Stds/Codes-Stds.html John Wiles works at the Institute for Energy and the Environment (IEE) (formerly the Southwest Technology Development Institute) at New Mexico State University. IEE has a contract with the US Department of Energy to provide engineering support to the PV industry and to provide that industry, electrical contractors, electricians, and electrical inspectors with a focal point for Code issues related to PV systems. He serves as the secretary of the PV Industry Forum that submitted 54 proposals for the 2011 NEC. He provides draft comments to NFPA for Article 690 in the NEC Handbook. As an old solar pioneer, he lived for 16 years in a stand-alone PV-power home in suburbia with his wife, two dogs, and a cat—permitted and inspected, of course. The PV system on his home is a 5 kW (dc) utilityinteractive system with a full-house battery backup. This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-FC 36-05-G015149 November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 77 Keeping What We Make, the Need to Store Energy the need to store energy by Jonathan L. Cadd Photo courtesy of John Watson W hile current methods used to produce energy are abundant, and the race for renewable energy is moving ahead at an unprecedented pace, what about the means to store the energy that has been generated, and the option to reuse this energy for another time? We continue to perfect the plans for the Smart Grid and to find more efficient ways to use and monitor our consumption of electricity, but how about those times when we need that little extra? We have seen the effects of weather, heat, overuse, 78 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 and population explosion on the current utility grid, and many scenarios have been planned for the sustainment of electricity generated for future use. To complement and stretch this generated power, we have discovered and continue to explore many ways to store this bounty of energy and electricity, and are now beginning to efficiently combine both generation and storage to create a symbiotic relationship that can allow us to not only have electricity today but in the future. New technologies that are available have not only www.iaei.org the theneed needto tostore storeenergy energy Photo 1. Not only can we generate but we can store energy to supply short-term demands and to lessen loads on the grid with the use of large scale batteries. shown us how we can build better energy storage technology but how we can store massive amounts of energy. Can you imagine a battery so big that it can light up the city of Fairbanks, Alaska? Bold Beginnings and New Challenges Back in 2003, the world’s largest commercial use battery was plugged in to provide emergency power to Fairbanks, Alaska’s second largest city and one of the United States’ most isolated. The behemoth of its time, a roughly 2,000 square meter rechargeable battery — a www.iaei.org Photo 2. The technology, while much the same, has been greatly refined due to advances in battery materials and science. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 79 the need to store energy bit bigger than your average car battery — and weighing in at 1,300 metric tons lives in silence at a warehouse near the city, always on the ready. Although this bold project is located where temperatures plunge to -51 degrees Centigrade in winter, the life-sized battery will easily provide 40 MW of life-sustaining electricity for up to 7 to 12 minutes for about 12,000 people. While this doesn’t seem like much, it is precious time necessary to bring many diesel generators on line when a blackout occurs up in this frozen tundra, situated far from any type of emergency power. Let us look into the subject and see where we are and what’s on the horizon. What Will We See? In this article, the reader will see the humble beginnings of energy storage and, in particular, battery storage for the sustainment of electricity, and how energy storage has developed over time with innovative technology and good solid engineering principles to create what we now know to be many of the modern methodologies used for the storage of energy (electricity). We will also see that while advances have been made The Technology towards this end, we still use many of the old tried and This earthquake-proof technology contains 13,760 Ni- true technologies that we have always used, albeit in a Cad cells, which are bigger than the versions of those much more efficient form and footprint. used in many portable electronic appliances including We will then see how the NEC deals with energy storlaptop computers and radios [The Telegraph]. age and how the requirements need to be adhered to so Not to be outdone, Duke Energy will, with this same that a safe installation and inspection can be ensured, type of technology, team up with Austin, Texas-based producing a viable source of energy storage for years to “Xtreme Power” to embark on providing the first com- come. mon interconnection of America’s three power grids via a technology called “Powercell”energy storage. The Back in the Day “SuperStation,” as it is being dubbed, will be an energy When electricity was “the new kid on the block and all market hub and balancing authority, helping to ensure the rage,” no one ever thought about storing it. As a the efficient and reliable flow of power from multiple re- matter of fact, just getting it was all one could imagine, newable and conventional generation sources in all three and that was only if you lived in the big city. This was a power regions to customers across the U.S., Canada and time when many new ideas sprouted up and the use of Mexico [Sustainable business.com]. electricity was off and running. Transmission had been With this type of technology in use and being pro- pretty much handled and new copper conductor was posed at even greater scale is there any doubt that we being hung from pole to pole across this great nation, will one day be able to efficiently store electricity for use spreading prosperity and invention via this new mediwhen necessary, but we could deliver it on demand when um, called electricity. we want — with vast reserves to alleviate the current issues that we face with today’s aging grid system. Bottling Lightning Photo 3. Around 1936, in a village near Baghdad, archaeologists uncovered a set of terracotta jars, each containing a rolled-up sheet of copper which housed an iron rod. Some scientists speculate these to be ancient galvanic cells (roughly 2,000 years old, though the find’s age is still debated), and dubbed them the “Baghdad Batteries.” It is believed a common food acid, such as lemon juice or vinegar, served as an electrolyte. ( Wikipedia) 80 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 Remember when we were kids and the great thrill of the summer was to get a big sun-tea jar and try to catch lightning bugs? Sometimes you got a bunch and sometimes you got a couple, but, boy, was it a thrill when the sun went down to see the stored energy that these little wonders of nature could produce. Well, not so long ago, even though the technology existed, the thought of storage much less the act of storing this resource never really dawned on the everyday user. Once the need and the desire to illuminate the darkness with a safer means than fire, lanterns, or candles came into play, all of a sudden the race to capture electricity was begun. While many ideas were looked at, the one constant was always the need for storage for long periods of time, for the reuse of the electricity that was being generated. www.iaei.org the need to store energy Unlike conventional generation, which is typically measured only in megawatts, large grid-tied energy storage systems have both power and energy ratings. It is vital to understand the difference between these units of measurement. • Power is measured in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts (MW) and refers to the amount of electricity a storage system can absorb or supply at any given instant. • Energy is measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or megawatt-hours (MWh) and refers to the total storage capacity of a system, or the length of time a battery can provide a set amount of power. Most people consider passive storage types as a means of storing off-peak energy for delivery to the grid during on-peak periods; however, not all storage needs are the same, and neither are the storage solutions. The old philosophy of storing cheaper energy from nighttime generation for use during the higher-priced daytime periods is helpful, but today’s energy storage can accomplish much more. There is significant variation in performance characteristics and capabilities among competing energy storage technologies. With a constant emphasis placed on batteries for transportation, some people question these technologies’ ability to scale to utility-significant power and energy capacities. However, hundreds of MW of energy storage systems, not including pumped hydro and compressed-air systems, are now currently in operation all over the world. Energy storage systems can provide a valuable solution to independent power producers, grid operators, transmission and distribution utility co- ops, as well as to commercial and industrial end users. Before we jump into these mega systems that are being proposed as a long-term solution to our continued need for electricity, let’s look at some of the humble beginnings of energy storage. First, let’s start with some industry facts. Photo 4. The Voltaic Pile, while once the great purveyor of electricity, helped lead the way and forever etched the term volt into the everyday landscape of the electrical industry. (Wikipedia) systems connected to large solid-state converters have been used to stabilize power distribution networks and worked quite effectively, until methodologies changed and technology followed. Volta, Leclanché, and Faure Who were some of the energy storage pioneers and what were their contributions? An early inventor/pioneer in electrical storage named Alessandro Volta received much credit for the modern battery; hence, the usage of the word “volt,” the name of the standard unit of electriThe Dawn of Invention When we finally embarked on the mission of storing cal potential. Volta experimented with many different energy, the first means and methods were by today’s types of metal to induce voltage from many layers of standards very crude, but this was new science then. conductive medium in a salt/zinc solution, until a deOne wonders what life would be like without the con- sired voltage was realized. This resulted in the “voltaic venience of modern batteries, which are not only used pile” using what we now call galvanic action, as noted by to store massive amounts of energy but to power the Sir Humphrey Davy in 1813, to create electricity using steady pacemaker or to bring sound to an otherwise several types of electrolyte mediums. The word “galvanic” is credited to Luigi Galvani, quiet world. At the dawn of the discovery of electricity, battery who, prior to Volta, in 1746 noticed that he could storage was used in the distribution of direct-current make a frog’s legs twitch in response to touching two electric power networks, and is appearing again. Battery dissimilar metals, both in contact with moisture, and www.iaei.org November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 81 the need to store energy you will, of modern automobiles’ lead-acid battery. Finally, we have the Edison battery from 1898 to 1908, the nickel-cadmium battery from 1893 to 1909 and the famous alkaline-manganese battery. The alkaline-manganese battery — or as we know it today, the alkaline battery — was developed in 1949 by Lew Urry at the Eveready Battery Company Laboratory in Parma, Ohio. And in 1950, the zinc-mercuric oxide alkaline battery was developed by Samuel Ruben, an independent inventor, and was licensed to the P. R. Mallory Company, which later became Duracell, International. Mercury compounds have since been eliminated from batteries to protect the environment. These devices, though primitive at the time, are the many pieces of the foundation of the super batteries that we are now incorporating into the grid for reliability, predictability, and storage of electricity. Energy Storage via Battery and the NEC Photo 5. The term battery was once used by Ben Franklin to describe a set of capacitors that were tied together to use for his experiments with electricity. These capacitors or Leyden jars were charged with a static generator and discharged by touching metal to their electrode. Linking them together in a “battery” produced a stronger discharge. (Wikipedia) discharging the resultant electricity into the muscles of the frog’s legs. The galvanometer was also named after Mr. Galvani. This instrument is a moving coil set in a permanent magnetic field. Current flowing through the coil deflects it and an attached mirror reflects a beam of light. It was the first accurate electrical measuring instrument. While the voltaic pile was indeed a breakthrough, it wasn’t very good at delivering currents for a long period. This need spurred a young man named John Frederic Daniell to create the Daniell cell, which produced roughly 1.1 volts. These cells were incorporated into our lives to power telegraphs, telephones, and to ring doorbells in homes for more than a century. Following up these notables, were the lead acid battery in 1859 by Raymond Gaston Planté and the Leclanché carbon-zinc battery in 1866, which was also noted as the first “dry cell” after a moist ammonium chloride paste was substituted for the liquid electrolyte and the battery was sealed. This type of battery could be used in various positions and moved about without spilling. In 1881, Camille Faure’s “lead-acid battery suitable for autos” was introduced and was the foundation, if 82 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 Now that we have seen the task ahead and have visited the humble beginnings of the science that has turned metals and medium into a viable energy storage giant, let’s address installation and inspection of a super battery. Let’s start with NEC 480. The definition of a battery system is “interconnected battery subsystems consisting of one or more storage batteries and battery chargers, and can include inverters, converters, and associated electrical equipment.” Having looked at the types of energy storage batteries and the many mediums that are used, we notice in the NEC definition for nominal battery voltage that we do have some differences. The Informational Note lets us know that we could very well have batteries that can vary from 2 volts per cell, which is common for a leadacid system, to 1.2 volts per cell from an alkali system, or even to as much as 4 volts per cell, with a Lithium-ion system. Along with the medium used within the batteries themselves, we have what the NEC refers to as a sealed cell or a sealed battery which is “a cell or battery that has no provision for the routine addition of water or electrolyte or for external measurement of electrolyte specific gravity and might contain pressure relief venting.” We also have what is termed storage battery, along with our NEC definitions of batteries, which is, “a battery comprised of one or more rechargeable cells of the lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, or other rechargeable electrochemical types.” This latter type is generally what is being used in the www.iaei.org the need to store energy Disconnecting Means for Battery Type Energy Storage Another requirement that should never be overlooked is disconnecting methods for these systems. A disconnecting means is required by Photo 6. Smart Grid Storage the 2011 NEC for all ungrounded Systems (SGSS) like this A123 nanophosphate system offer multi-megawatt energy storage that will conductors in a stationary battery allow utility generation to operate at peak capacity and will system that exceeds 50 volts. That use battery storage to supply the system during times of need, to same disconnecting means is also relieve the burden of the excess generation needed to keep up with the demand. required to be readily accessible super battery storage units that are in use currently and and located in sight of the battery system as indicated that are being deployed throughout the world. Many in 480.5. other new mediums are also being developed to refine While we are discussing means of disconnect, be sure and extend the amounts of energy capable of being to check out NEC 240.21(H) for information on the stored and the storage capacity itself. location of the overcurrent protection device for battery conductors. When inspecting these systems, one needs to remem110.3(A),(B) Examination, Identification, ber that this is a very large battery made from many Installation, and Use When we are installing these systems, remember that small batteries either in series or parallel. Don’t be overthe basic NEC requirements always come into play un- whelmed with the sheer size of it all. less they are modified by Article 480. We still need to consider the installation requirements per the manufac- Sizing It All Up Let’s recap our journey through energy storage and returer as we are reminded of in NEC 110.3(B). With many of the newer technologies, very impor- flect. We have seen the need for mega storage of energy tant guidelines and instructions are given as to the in- and know that it cannot only be done, but is being imstallation, placement, orientation, and operation that in plemented and is growing larger as the need for more many cases, due to the nature of the installation, need storage is presented. We have journeyed back into the history of the batto be followed to the letter. tery as an energy storage means and have seen many struggles yet advances that have helped shape the way 110.26 Working Spaces Working space requirements in 110.26 are also re- we are currently using this technology for even greater quired, and we are reminded of the basic require- good. We have seen how the NEC addresses the idea of ment in 480.9(C). In an energy storage system utilizing batteries, one should take note of exactly where battery storage systems from the normal to the mega the working space is measured from as well; and the system, and that, as we progress, we are in lock step working space in this type of application is measured with the new technologies that are being produced. from the edge of the battery rack again as indicated in Jonathan L. Cadd is currently the education, codes 480.9(C). and standards coordinator for IAEI. Jon spent eighGuarding of live parts is required for all battery type teen years in Arizona as an electrical inspector, chief electrical inspector and assistant building official for energy storage systems as indicated in 480.9(B) and the town of Payson. Jon is a member of Code Panel 14 needs to comply with the provisions in 110.27. Wiring and Equipment for Battery Storage Systems The wiring and the equipment for a battery type energy storage solution is required to follow all of the applicable NEC requirements for the same type of wiring and equipment operating at the same voltage unless permitted by 480.4. www.iaei.org for the 2011 NEC code cycle, representing IAEI. He serves as a committee member for NECAís National Electrical Installation Standards (NEIS) for various standards. He teaches nationally for IAEI and taught for many years in Arizona for AZBO Institute. Jon holds ICC, IAEI, NFPA and AIBD certifications and an Arizona K-11 dual commercial/residentialñmaster electrical license. Jon is past president of the Southwestern Section of IAEI and served for two terms as chapter president of the Central Arizona Chapter of IAEI. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 83 I AEI Canadian Code Maximum Circuit Loading by Leslie J. Stoch, P. Eng. M aximum circuit loading is a recurring theme in the Canadian Electrical Code. Some of the code requirements are not entirely obvious without some head scratching. This article reviews Rule 8-104, maximum circuit loading which happens to be one such rule. Rule 8-104(1) begins by defining the ampere rating of a consumer’s service, feeder or branch circuit to be the ampere rating of its overcurrent protection or the conductor ampacity whichever is less. Rule 8-104(2) continues on to spell out that the calculated loading of the circuit must not exceed its ampere rating. So far, so good. Rule 8-104(3) defines continuous current loading. You may wonder why a definition is at all important. This will become more apparent further along. Rule 8-104(3) specifies that a calculated load must be considered to be continuous unless is can be shown that it will not persist: • for longer than one hour in every two, up to 225 amperes; or • for longer than three hours in every six when over 225 amperes. Rule 8-104(4) specifies that when a fused switch or circuit-breaker is marked for continuous operation at 100% of its ampere rating, the continuous calculated load must not exceed: • 100% of its ampere rating when connected with multi-conductor wiring sized using Table 2 for copper conductors or Table 4 for aluminum conductors; • but only up to 85% of its ampere rating when connected with single-conductor wiring sized using Table 1 for copper conductors or Table 3 for aluminum conductors. Rule 8-104(5) continues on to specify that when a fused switch or circuit-breaker is marked for continuous operation at 80% of its ampere rating (or if unmarked), the continuous calculated load must not exceed: • 80% of its ampere rating when connected with 84 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 multi-conductor wiring sized using Tables 2 or 4; • but only up to 70% of its ampere rating when connected with single-conductor wiring sized using Tables 1 or 3. Now we come to an important question — why is it compulsory to define continuous loading and why do Rules 8-104(4) and (5) base the maximum loads on the applicable connection methods? The answer — electrical equipment is tested and approved to CSA standards that require testing be carried out using wiring connections sized in accordance with Tables 2 or 4. Nevertheless, the Canadian Electrical Code does permit this same equipment to be wired with conductors sized using Tables 1 or 3, which results in smaller conductor sizes and therefore higher temperatures at the equipment connection points. Consequently, loading of the equipment will be reduced to prevent overheating at the equipment connections. Other derating factors may also be applicable in some installations. Rule 8-104(6) carries on to specify that when other derating factors apply to reduce allowable conductor ampacities, the minimum conductor sizes must be the greater of the so determined ampacities or those determined by Rules 8-104(4) and (5). Rule 8-104(7) also specifies that when using Tables D8A to D15B for determining the minimum ampacities of underground conductors, the allowable ampacities must not exceed those determined by Rule 8-104(4) (b) and Rule 8-104(5)(b). As with previous articles, a more precise interpretation should be obtained from the electrical inspection authority in each province or territory as applicable. Leslie Stoch, P. Eng, is principal of L. Stoch & Associates, providing electrical engineering and ISO 9000 quality systems consulting. Prior to that, he spent over 20 years with Ontario Hydro as an electrical inspection manager and engineer. Les holds a B. S. in electrical engineering from Concordia University in Montreal. www.iaei.org www.iaei.org November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 85 Don’t Let Downgrade Deter You from Investing by Jesse Abercrombie J ust when you thought you could take a break from financial drama, following the resolution of the debt ceiling issue, here comes Act 2: the downgrade of the U.S. long-term credit rating. As a citizen, you may be feeling frustrated. And as an investor, you might be getting worried. But is this concern really justified? Certainly, it was news when Standard and Poor’s (S&P) lowered the U.S. long-term credit rating from AAA to AA+. This was, after all, the first time that the U.S. has lost its AAA status since its initial publication 70 years ago. Furthermore, S&P put a negative outlook on the rating, which means that further downgrades are possible. But despite these developments, there’s no reason to think that the sky is falling in on the investment world. Consider the following: • “Downgrade” doesn’t mean default. Rating agencies such as S&P assign ratings to bonds to help investors measure credit risk — the chance that they won’t receive timely payments. The downgrade to AA+ just means that investors would be slightly less likely to receive future payments than if the bond had an AAA rating. This is far different from a default, which would result in investors not receiving current payments. • U.S. credit rating is still high quality. S&P didn’t change the U.S. government’s short-term credit rating, which applies to debt maturing in less than one year. Furthermore, even the long-term rating of AA+ is still considered high quality. Also, keep in mind that two other major rating agencies, Moody’s and Fitch, both affirmed their AAA rating on the U.S., although Moody’s has a negative outlook on its rating. • Downgrade was not a surprise. Because the downgrade had been rumored for weeks, the financial markets may have already “priced in” some of the impact. 86 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 While it’s possible that interest rates may rise, it’s also important to note that similar downgrades of other countries’ debt in the past have not resulted in significant rate jumps. As for the stock market — which was already volatile, partially due to the debt ceiling issue — the negative reaction we’ve seen to the downgrade will likely be short-term. This downgrade should not be as calamitous as we’ve been led to believe. Corporate profits, always a key driver of stock prices, are still strong, and with the market correction we’ve seen in the past couple of weeks, many quality stocks now appear to be more attractively priced — which means it may actually be a good time to look for investment opportunities that make sense for you, rather than head to the “sidelines.” In any case, you never want to overreact to any one piece of news. If you were to make big changes to your investment strategy, you’d likely incur fees and expenses — and, even more importantly, your portfolio might no longer be positioned to meet your long-term goals. You’re much better off by sticking with a strategy that’s based on your individual needs, risk tolerance and time horizon. This can be challenging, especially in light of the screaming headlines. But remember, although past performance isn’t indicative of future results, the U.S. financial markets have seen plenty of traumas in the past, and have always survived — and, usually, eventually prospered. As a smart, disciplined investor, you can do the same. For any questions or comments, please contact Jesse Abercrombie, financial advisor, Edward Jones Investments at 972-239-0852 or jesse.abercrombie@edwardjones. com www.iaei.org To code or not to code... ...is it even a question? by Michael L. Savage, Sr. B e an inspector for long enough and at some point you will be asking yourself that very same question. In over 16 years of code enforcement, I have tried to never think that I have seen it all; because, as soon as you think you have something new shows up. I am involved in discussions with contractors and the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) all the time about issues with the Code. Generally, someone is looking for you to back their position on a certain subject and will begin a sentence such as, “Wouldn’t you agree with me….?” That statement is fraught with misgivings and already sets the stage that they are intending for you to agree with them. They are not interested in the true intent of the code, just to get you to agree with their standpoint. To code or not to code is not even a question, it’s a legally required mandate by whichever jurisdictions we work for and serve. When we are asked, “Does this have to meet code?” we need to fall back on the legal requirements of the AHJ, or in the state of Maryland, the Maryland Building Performance Standards (MBPS). Whether it is the building, plumbing, electrical or energy code, it is mandated at the very least by the state statute. Lest we forget, the code is the minimum standard we can build a structure to, so to ask for relief from that is asking to build a structure at lower standards than code. What a concept! How about means of egress components being relaxed, or fire suppression systems being relaxed, and how about life safety systems? Who would want their families in such a building? The issue about to code or not to code showed itself recently to me on two separate sites when I had a masonry chimney that raised three stories and had spray foam insulation applied directly over the masonry within the two-inch airspace. And again on the second site, I had a load of lumber that was installed without the required grade stamp listed on the lumber. Obviously neither was happy with the correction notices, and I was told how in one case that I was “single handedly pre- www.iaei.org venting the recovery of the economy” by requiring the corrections. One violator couldn’t believe I was actually enforcing those provisions of the code. Unique interpretations or outright disregard of the code is something no enforcer should be put into a position of having to deal with. This, however, doesn’t say there are no gray areas of the code; we know some exist, but outright disregard is something intolerable. It not only sullies the reputation of the code enforcement profession, but it has adverse effects on those we serve. Unless there is some sort of legally adopted amendment to a bathroom being installed under a stairs, provided the space meets the headroom and fixture requirements, the installation should be permitted. What does an inspector gain by not allowing it, personal satisfaction? How about requiring contractors to move smoke detectors three feet away from a return air duct, even though it is a legal installation according to the code, and the Chapter 11 provisions of NFPA 72, which are referenced in the IRC? Why? Smoke detectors are installed in return air plenums on air systems all the time as mandated by the code. In my career as an inspector, and now as the chief inspector my response when I am asked a code question is “What does the code say?” I do not enforce what I’d like to see, I enforce the code, via the enabling legislation of the jurisdiction I serve. When the question comes up for you, and I am sure it will, think to yourself, “What does the code say?” Michael L. Savage, Sr. is the chief inspector for Middle Department Inspection Agency, Inc. in Easton, Maryland, and is in charge of the DELMARVA Region. He is a certified Master Code Professional (MCP) and Certified Building Official (CBO) through ICC along with 32+ other ICC certifications, in addition to being a Certified Fire Protection Specialist (CFPS) by NFPA. He serves on the National Electric Code on CMP-13, NFPA 101, and NFPA 80 Committees, as well as being secretary of the Architect Engineers and Building Officials (AEBO) Member Section of NFPA. E-mail your comments to [email protected]. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 87 Solar Photovoltaic Solar photovoltaic inStallationS Installations by Steve Douglas S ection 50 of the Canadian Electrical Code covering Solar Photovoltaic Installations has seen dramatic changes in the last year and a half. As a result of this action four new rules have been added, and all but two of the existing rules have changed. Rule numbers in this article are the rule numbers from the 2012 Canadian Electrical Code, and minor editorial changes have been left out. 88 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 In Rule 50-004 for marking, the “rated open-circuit voltage” has been replaced in Item (b) with the “maximum photovoltaic source circuit voltage.” When calculating this voltage, Rule 50-006 has been expanded giving two options: first, is to multiple the rated opencircuit voltage by 125%; the second, is to calculate the maximum photovoltaic source circuit voltage using the rated open-circuit voltage, difference between 25º C www.iaei.org Solar photovoltaic inStallationS and the lowest expected daily minimum temperature for the installation area, and a voltage temperature coefficient specified by the manufacturer. It is anticipated the second option will only be used for a very large installation where a small difference in the calculated maximum photovoltaic source circuit voltage can have a big impact on the installation cost. A Subrule (3) has also been added to Rule 50-006 indicating the voltage rating for equipment used in the installation must be based on the maximum photovoltaic source and output circuit voltage. RPV and RPVU are new conductor designations specific for solar photovoltaic installations. In May 2011, a new CSA standard C22.2 No. 271-1 for RPV and RPVU conductors was published. Subrule (7) requires conductor and cable installations on or above a building to meet the flame spread requirements of the National Building Code of Canada; Subrule (8) requires a raceway for RPV and RPVU conductors installed inside a building; and Subrule (9) allows dc conductors from multiple sources to be installed in a raceway and enclosures with suitable warning notices. Rule 50-008 is a new rule to Section 50 for voltage drop. This rule gives code users four options. The first option considers the installation acceptable where the conductors are rated at least 125% of the maximum available short-circuit current of the solar photovoltaic system; option two allows up to 5% voltage drop. Options three and four give the designers new methods to calculate acceptable voltage drop. As with Subrule (2) of Rule 50-006, it is anticipated options three and four will only be used for very large installations. Rule 50-020 now recognises attachment plugs used with more than flexible cords, and has a new Subrule (2) for circuits operating at over 30 volts requiring tooloperated attachment plugs. Rules 50-026 and 50-028 are new rules recognising the great work completed by the subcommittee of New Section 64 Renewable Energy Systems. These rules direct code-users to Section 64 for the requirements for system grounding and for the installation of power conditioning units. Rule 50-010 now titled Ampere Rating of Photovoltaic Source Circuits has been expanded, adding a The Section 50 subcommittee is presently working on Subrule (2) indicating that when applying Rule 8-104 two new proposals: first, to align the definitions and the continuous load is 125% of the rated short-circuit rule wording within Section 50 with terminology found current. in the new CSA Standards C22.2 No 61730-1 Photovoltaic Module Safety Qualification Requirements for Rule 50-012 covering equipment overcurrent protec- Construction and C22.2 No. 61730-2 Photovoltaic tion has a new subrule requiring the overcurrent protec- Module Safety Qualification Requirements for Testing, tion to be not higher than the allowable ampacity of the and the second proposal is to develop specific conducphotovoltaic source circuit conductors, and the maxi- tor colour coding requirements for photovoltaic output mum overcurrent protection indicated on the panel circuits. nameplates. Steve Douglas is presently the senior technical codes specialist for QPS Evaluation Services. Steve is the vice chair of the CE Code Part I, chair of CE Code Part I Subcommittees for Section 2, 12, and 50, and a member on Sections 40, 60, 64, 68, 76 and Appendix D. In addition, Steve is the chair of the CSA Standard C22.6 No. 1, ElectriRule 50-018 detailing acceptable wiring methods cal Inspection Code for Existing Residential Occupancies has increased to nine subrules. Wiring methods recog- committee, the chair of the SPE-1000 Task Force, and a nized for the interconnection of panels within an array member on committees for the Objective Based Industrial are extra-hard usage flexible cords, conductors approved Electrical Code, Safety Management Systems, Solar Phoas part of an approved panel, rubber photovoltaic under- tovoltaic Modules, Photovoltaic Cable, Fuel Cells, Wind ground (RPVU) conductors, and rubber photovoltaic Turbines, Distribution transformers, Outlet Boxes, and (RPV) conductors where installed in a raceway. Wiring Fittings Hardware and Positioning Devices. Rule 50-014 is a new rule requiring dc arc-fault protection for photovoltaic systems with a voltage of 80 volts or above when installed on or penetrating a building. This requirement is very similar to Section 690.11 of the National Electrical Code, and is reliant on the completion of a new standard for dc arc-fault protection and the availability of equipment. www.iaei.org November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 89 Secure Your Grounding Project More Effectively Solar photovoltaic inStallationS SOARES Why get your information piecemeal from multiple sources, when you can see design, engineering, installation and enforcement perspectives dovetail together in one book? Soares Book on Grounding and Bonding is the only book on the market that helps you see all the perspectives before you do the job. Meticulously updated to NEC-2011, this 11th edition authoritatively reviews each topic from the perspectives of the enforcers. Get your copy today! Product No. 357011 90 $65.00 (Member: $58.50) 1-800-786-4234 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 ND611 www.iaei.org No matter... Solar photovoltaic inStallationS what your latest code needs are... your most trusted onsite source should be... The NEW 2011 Analysis of Changes Three new NEC articles highlight the 2011 edition of Analysis of Changes. In addition, reorganization and hundreds of revisions in NEC-2011 have a direct impact on residential, commercial, and industrial installations. Stay “in the know” about NEC changes with this practical guide on how these rules affect your electrical installations. www.iaei.org Order your copy today! Call 800-786-4234. $65.00 List IAEI • 901 Waterfall Way, Suite 602 • Richardson, TX 75080 November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 91 nD611 Grounded in Gratitude by Steve Foran Caption 92 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org grounded in gratitude Y esterday I got a call from a friend who thought he had an electrical problem at his home. He said, “I was digging in the flower bed out back and hit a heavy gauge green wire with a steel rod attached to it.” He assumed it was a ground-wire but with two small children at home and very little knowledge about electricity, he was very concerned for their safety. He peppered me with questions, “Is there a chance of shock? Should it be buried deeper?” After a few clarifying questions, I was comfortable that it was his service ground, that it was physically intact and that it conformed to the standard practice in our area. His call made me remember back to my days working at the electrical utility. As part of my job, we regularly did ground impedance measurements at substations and on the distribution system. We used a simple 2-step Ohm’s law test to approximate the impedance of an existing electrical ground. With the ground intact, we would measure the current flowing in the single grounding conductor and then, treating the ground connection as an energized primary conductor (because in the event of a distribution ground fault, full line-to-ground voltage would be present), we had a qualified technician wearing the required PPE disconnect the ground wire from the ground rod. We then measured the voltage between the ground wire and the ground rod. It was simple; the ground impedance equalled the voltage divided by the current. The work practices may be somewhat different today than in the early 1990s but over the five years I was involved in doing these tests, typically the voltage when the ground connection was disconnected was less than 5 volts and rarely did it exceed 10 volts (the highest reading I ever recorded was about 90 volts which we traced to a ground fault at a neighboring service). Yet, we prepared for the test as if the voltage would read 7200 volts (the distribution system line voltage). This meant certified rubber gloves, adhering to the limits of approach, and competent technicians — every single time that we disconnected a ground connection. This applied whether we were working on a 120/240 V service or on the distribution system since they share a common multigrounded Y system. For the many homeowners, non-technical observers and the occasional powerline technician (surprisingly) who watched us do these tests, our preparation seemed like overkill but it always left them with a very healthy respect of electricity and the grounding system. Grounding is typically not well understood, yet grounding is arguably the most critical part of the electri- www.iaei.org Photo 1. Does this installation meet code? cal safety system. Grounding remains an important consideration during the design and construction phase of a project. But what happens after the electrical system is installed? Perhaps because grounding is passive (i.e., not appearing to do much most of the time, not visible, not well understood, etc.), it can more easily be taken for granted. Here is a simple exercise that you can use to help avoid becoming complacent about grounding safety and to help keep from taking it for granted. It is framed in the form of questions that are meant to stimulate discussions with those whom you work (or other groups) about the importance of electrical system grounding. To do this exercise, have your colleagues reflect on each question and give them time to write their responses. It is not necessary to have complete answers to all of the questions. Then in small groups, have them share their experiences and answers. They will learn a lot from each other. 1. Describe an experience when electrical system grounding played a part in your personal safety and well-being. What is the significance of this experience in your life? 2. Describe an experience when improper electrical grounding resulted in tragedy or loss. How did this affect you or others? 3. If you had to identify one thing about grounding for which you are grateful, what would it be? 4. Is there something about grounding that you do not completely understand? Identify this “something” as much as possible. How can you learn more about it? This exercise brings about a greater understanding of grounding, the importance of grounding, and a greater sense of gratitude for the grounding system. And yeah, my last piece of advice to my friend who was digging in his garden — “Do not, repeat, do not disconnect the green wire from the steel rod.” Steve Foran specializes in helping organizations build healthier workplaces. He can be reached through his website www.giveraising.com. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 93 Vacuum tubes operate on a principle known as thermionic emission Introduction to Electronics W e learned about fundamental atomic theory in the January issue. Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus. Electrons revolve in orbits or more appropriately “shells” with different levels of energy around the nucleus. These electrons in the outermost valence shell are what we are interested in for our study of electronics. The definition of an electronic component from McGraw-Hill’s Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms is as follows: “A component which is able to amplify or control voltages or currents without mechanical or other nonelectrical command, or to switch currents or voltages without mechanical switches; examples include electron tubes, transistors, and other solid-state devices.” Any study of electronics should include at least an introduction to vacuum tube theory. Solid-state device physics and the corresponding mathematical models allow for analysis of BJTs (bipolar junction transistors), FETs (field effect transistors), MOSFETs (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, and CMOS (complimentary metal oxide semiconductors). By definition current is the flow of electrons through a conductor. The vacuum tube controls the flow of electrons in a vacuum. A mechanical analogy would be how a water faucet controls the flow of water. It is interesting 94 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 by Steve Vidal, P.E. Plate Plate Grid Cathode Cathode Heater Heater Figure 1.Figure Vacuum 1. tubeVacuum diode and triode tube diode and triode to note that in England vacuum tubes were called valves noting the similarity in function between what the electronic version does and what the mechanical version Cathode Anode tubes operate does. Vacuum on a principle known as thermionic emission. By introducing thermal energy into metal atoms, electrons are emitted and this emission results in the flow of electrons into the surrounding space. A vacuum tube a glass envelope with practically all the Figure 2.isP–N junction diode air evacuated from it. Inside the glass envelope are elements that emit electrons (cathode or heater), elements that receive electrons (anode or plate), and elements that control the flow of electrons (grid). A vacuum tube that contains two elements is called a diode and contains a cathode and plate. A vacuum tube that contains three Collector www.iaei.org Base Emitter Figure 1. Vacuum tube diode and triode introduction to electronics Plate Anode Figure 2. P-NFigure junction diode 2. Cathode P–N junction diode elements is called a triode and contains a cathode, grid, and plate. A vacuum tube that contains four elements is called a tetrode and contains a cathode, control grid, screen grid, and plate. A vacuum tube that contains five elements is called a pentode and contains a cathode, control grid, screen grid, suppressor grid, and plate. Diodes perform the function of rectification where Collector an incoming ac waveform is converted into either a half wave or full wave dc signal which is very useful in power Base supply applications. Triodes, tetrodes, and pentodes perform the functions of amplification, oscillation, and switching useful in a multitude of electronic Emitter applications. Figure 1 shows the schematic symbols for a diode and a triode. The era of solid-state electronics began in 1947 with the invention of the transistor junction at Bell Labs by Figure 3. NPN bipolar junction transistor three physicists, namely, John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain. A conductor is a material that conducts electrical current very easily. Examples of conductors are gold, silver, copper, and aluminum. An insulator is a material that does not conduct electrical current very easily. Examples of insulators are glass, porcelain, rubber, and mica. A semiconductor is a material that behaves like something in-between an insulator and a conductor. Silicon and Germanium are examples of semiconductors. Semiconductor materials are poor conductors and have little value in their intrinsic or pure state. When impurities are added to these materials through a process known as doping, we can create two new extrinsic or impure materials called n-type and p-type semiconductors. The familiar P-N junction diode is an electronic component that is fabricated when p-type material is combined with n-type material. It has two elements namely the anode and cathode. Three terms you will hear in your study of solidstate devices are holes, electrons, and biasing. Think of holes as a positively charged carrier, and electrons as a negatively charged carrier. Biasing is what polarity of voltage is applied to the device. An ideal P-N junction diode that is forward biased will conduct current from anode to cathode. An ideal P-N junction diode that is www.iaei.org reversed biased will block current from anode to cathode. Plate Theoretical device physics is a very complex subject but Grid things can be greatly simplified by thinking of a p-type material as having a majority of Cathodeof holes and a minority Cathode electrons. An n-type material would have a majority of electrons and a minority the Heater Heater of holes. Figure 2 shows schematic symbol for a P-N junction diode. The NPN BJT (bipolar junction transistor) is a device that is fabricated n-type tube material, material, Figurewith 1. Vacuum diodep-type and triode and n-type material. The PNP BJT is a device fabricated with p-type material, n-type material, and p-type material. The bipolar junction transistor has three elements the emitter, base, and collector. Cathode The transistor has the Anode ability to amplify a signal as in the case of an audio amplifier, function as a switch in the case of a digital logic circuit, and function as an oscillator in the case of an RF (radio frequency) oscillator. Please note Figure 2. P–N junction diodethat an oscillator is a circuit where the output (negative feedback) is fed back into the input to perform a function. Figure 3 shows the schematic symbol for an NPN BJT. Collector Base Emitter 3. NPN bipolar Figure 3. NPNFigure bipolar junction transistor junction transistor Solid state devices have allowed for the technological innovations we have witnessed in the past sixty plus years. All of the devices we sometimes take for granted like television, radio, computers, and the internet were born out of the electronics age. It is revealing to study the length of time it took transportation to evolve in stages from the horse and buggy, to the steam engine, and finally to the internal combustion engine. Electronics has evolved more rapidly from the early twentieth century to the present day. Nanotechnology and further developments in device miniaturization will surely add higher levels of technology that today are only viewed as ideas. Stephen J. Vidal, P. E., is president of Joseph J. Vidal & Sons, Inc., in Throop, Pennsylvania. He has a B. S. E. E. with a minor in physics from Wilkes College in Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania and a MBA from City University in Seattle, Washington. He is a registered professional engineer with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and holds a master contractor’s license in Wilkes Barre. He also is a general class amateur radio operator KA3KEM. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 95 I AEI UL Question Corner Certified Ceiling Grids that Power Lighting Systems Does UL List (certify) powered sus- page 176 of the 2011 UL White Book. UL also cerpended ceiling grids that power lighting tifies low-voltage luminaires and other accessories systems? for these systems under the UL product category Suspended-ceiling-grid Low-voltage Lighting SysYes. UL certifies ceiling grids that tem Accessories (IFFC) on page 177 in the 2011 UL power lighting systems under the UL White Book. Both of these product categories can product category Suspended-ceiling-grid also be found on UL’s Online Certifications DirecLow-voltage Lighting Systems (IFFA) found on tory at www.ul.com/database; simply enter the four 96 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org I AEI UL Question Corner letter category code (IFFA or IFFC) at the Category Code search field. Suspended-ceiling-grid Low-voltage Lighting Systems (IFFA) covers low-voltage lighting systems intended for permanent installation and use in a suspended-ceiling grid in accordance with Article 411 of the National Electrical Code (NEC). These lighting systems are intended to be installed in a suspended-ceiling grid that provides mechanical support for ceiling tiles and provides electrical connections between the low-voltage power supply and low-voltage luminaires. These lighting systems consist of the following system components: • An isolating-type low-voltage power supply operating at 30 V (42.4 V peak) or less and not exceeding Class 2 power limits. • A grid-rail power distribution system with uninsulated busbar conductors, similar to track lighting, to provide power from the Class 2 power supply to one or more Class 2 powered luminaires. • Class 2 powered luminaires that may be re cessed into the suspended ceiling, surface mounted on the room side of the ceiling or located below a suspended ceiling. These lighting systems are intended for indoor dry locations and commercial use only and may be used in air-handling spaces when identified for such use. System components also include interconnecting cables and connectors unless the connectors are suitable for field wiring. Suspended-ceiling-grid low-voltage lighting systems are not intended for use in: • Hazardous (classified) locations as specified in NEC Articles 500 – 517 • General patient-care areas or critical patientcare areas as defined by NEC Article 517 • Emergency systems as defined by NEC Article 700 Suspended-ceiling-grid low-voltage lighting systems are not intended for contact with thermal insulation as specified in NEC Article 410, and suspended-ceilinggrid rails with uninsulated busbar conductors are not intended for field cutting unless identified for such use. Installation instructions accompanying each product describe the Class 2 wiring method intended to be used between the Class 2 power supply, the low-voltage gridwww.iaei.org rail power distribution system, and the low-voltage luminaires in accordance with NEC Articles 411 and 725. The Class 2 power supply is intended for permanent installation in accordance with the wiring methods described in NEC Chapter 3. All electrical connections are intended for installation by qualified electrical installers. The mechanical components of the system, including support of the grid rails, are intended to be in accordance with the International Building Code and the International Mechanical Code. Each smallest unit package or carton comes with installation instructions that contain: • Product description • Statement identifying the suspended-ceiling low-voltage lighting system • Description of the part(s) to be used Instructions describing how the part(s) are to be installed Each unit package or carton of suspended-ceiling low-voltage lighting system grid-rail-bus section is accompanied by installation instructions identifying the system series number or model name and model or catalog number of the system. Installation instructions also specify the electrical ratings of the system and identify the mounting method. The basic requirements used to investigate products in this category are contained in UL Subject 2577, Outline of Investigation for Suspended Ceiling Grid LowVoltage Lighting Systems. UL also certifies low-voltage luminaires and other accessories for these systems under the UL product category Suspended-ceiling-grid Low-voltage Lighting System Accessories (IFFC). This category covers suspended-ceiling low-voltage lighting system accessories that are parts or subassemblies intended for field installation in specific suspended-ceiling-grid low-voltage lighting systems. These accessories include low-voltage Class 2 power supplies, power and load connector assemblies, low-voltage luminaires, and other accessories intended for installation in a specific suspended-ceiling-grid low-voltage lighting system of another manufacturer in accordance with the instructions provided by an accessory unit manufacturer. These accessories have been investigated to determine that, when installed and used in accordance with a manufacturer’s instructions, they do not adversely affect the operation of the complete suspended-ceiling-grid low-voltage lighting system. November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 97 Ohm’s Law and Torque ohm’s law and torque P = Power l = Current V = Voltage R = Resistance by David A. Kerr, Jr I We will divide both sides by I to get E/I = R, because you cannot read R at zero to one ohm accurately. If a multimeter says a nominal 75-watt bulb has 12.5 ohms at 10° Celsius (50° Fahrenheit), it’s telling the truth. But for a piece of wire or its connections, we should expect ohms to be a decimal point followed by a bunch of zeros before we get to a significant digit. There is a catch. You need a volt meter with a millivolt AC scale. A cheap meter with a bottom scale of zero to two whole volts simply won’t work. My old ohmmeter is supremely accurate with a minimum reading of 0.1 mV AC. Any other good meter with a minimum reading of one or ten mV AC should suffice. No accuracy is Algebra Now for the hard part: algebra. I know most guys make needed for amps. My throwaway box heater burns 11.5 a retrograde advance to the rear when they hear the amps. They may vary from 11 to 12. Where you need word “algebra,” but it’s really not that hard. Ohm’s law accuracy is on the mV AV reading. Now all you have to do is take your mV reading and is usually stated as E = IR. That doesn’t tell you much. n the course of my travels for many years now, it has become apparent that most electricians don’t understand Ohm’s law, watts and torque. It’s very simple. Electrical wires and connections need to operate at a temperate of no more than 60° or 75° Celsius. The only way to measure the temperature is to measure it with a thermometer. You cannot calculate it. On the other hand, you can easily measure volts and amperes and calculate ohms and watts. That’s watts of power going in. How fast heat leaks out, depends absolutely on the ambient air temperature or quantity of dirt or fiberglass. 98 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org ohm’s law and torque mV A V/A = ohms A2 ohms = W The Experiment This is the fun part, but first you need one more small dose of the Test 2 24 11.5 0.0020869 0.276 dreaded algebra. Power in watts, joules of work per second, is I2R Test 3 2.5 11.5 0.0002173 0.02874 in concepts, or A 2 ohms or VA in units. You should have at least one memorized. Remember that Test 1 silver screw loose and wiggling. White wire barely touching. we calculated resistance by meaTest 2 silver screw barely tight using thumb and forefinger on screwdriver. suring millivolts and dividing Test 3 almost 25 inch-pounds with torque wrench, far too tight. by amps. Now we can calculate watts by taking the square of 11.5 amps times ohms. Not too bad. The voltage drop is across the last inch of 12 AWG wire to the copper base under the wire. That’s the But what if I plug in two heaters? red and black alligator clips for the Fluke 27. The other connections are not under test. The heater is That would be 23 amps. A 20plugged into the adapter for a snap-jaw ammeter. The vise is there just to hold things together for a few amp circuit breaker is required minutes. to handle that overload for quite Figure 1. Tabulation of experiment a few minutes. Now do the math. Double the current, squared, times the same resistance is quadruple the heat in watts. Can 12 AWG survive? Can the connection survive? No, they’ll cook. Clean, tight connections will get too hot. Loose connections with unstripped plastic under the screws will start a fire. One more fly in the ointment. If you run one, two or ten heaters at 11.5 amps on a 200-amp service, it should work just fine. We’re assuming that resistance is fixed. In the real world, as temperature rises, resistance rises. As resistance rises, watts rise. It’s a vicious circle, like sliding off a barn roof. You start at 20°C (68°F). After a while it’s 60°C (140°F). For really bad work it’s 204°C (400°F). That’s a good temperature for baking cookies. But red Photo 1. Alligator clips on terminal to measure voltage drop. screw-on wire connectors turn beige and vinyl tape turns divide by 1000 to get whole volts, and then divide by 11.5 to charcoal. You’re lucky the house didn’t burn down. amps to get ohms. This number should be a decimal point In my first test, the silver screw was loose and wigfollowed by a lot of zeros. Table 8 says 12 AWG solid has gling. The 12 AWG was looped around and free to slide 1.93 ohms per thousand feet. That’s a long circuit. Let’s out, which it did, while I got the other end poked into consider a short circuit, says a GFCI receptacle at the sera GFCI. In my second test, I turned the screwdriver vice entrance with six inches of black conductor and six with my thumb and forefinger to more than zero inchinches of white conductor, total one foot. The resistance pounds, maybe two, with the wire still free to rotate. In of the wire is 1.93 ohms divided by 1000. This is OK for the third test, I got to about 23 inch-pounds. That was a load of 20 amps. way too right. Twenty-five would have ripped the 8-32 What are not acceptable are bad connections. You’ve screw right out. got four connections: black condudctor to a circuit Notice that in the tabulated results the ohms and breaker, white conductor to the grounded busbar, and watts collapse to one-tenth, all with the same throwthe same to brass and silver screws on the device. Those away heater that cooked itself a few years ago. four connections are each about a half-inch long. Those Electrical connections need to be just as clean. connections need to have about the same resistance as Don’t guess; use a torque wrench. Don’t use an 18an unbroken half-inch of 12 AWG, or 1.93 divided by inch breaker bar. 1000 divided by 24. The way you get a good connection is with a properly David A. Kerr, Jr. is a member of IAEI and is certified in Electrical calibrated torque screwdriver. General, Plan Review and One- and Two-Family Residential. Test 1 www.iaei.org 81 11.5 0.0070434 0.9315 November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 99 Solar photovoltaic inStallationS I AEI Canadian Code Master Code Basics with IAEI Online Training IAEI has partnered with Pace and UL University to offer you stand-alone courses designed to enabled you to immediately understand and apply the changes to the National Electrical Code. Our virtual classrooms allow you to complete the training courses at your own pace; study at home, at work, or wherever you have an internet connection. IAEI has partnered with UL University to help you develop safe, useful products that meet and exceed your customers’ needs. Here you’ll find dozens of training courses taught by qualified instructors. UL University: http://www.iaei.org/education/onlinetraining/ul-university/ IAEI has allied with PACE to bring you complete continuing education technical requirement courses on the NEC-2008 and NEC-2011 Analysis of Changes. Pace Training: education.iaei.org Start learning today! 100 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org IAEI membership brings education, opportunities and benefits that become – an advantage! Solar photovoltaic inStallationS IAEI offers three types of member benefits: educational media, and personal. Each type is carefully selected for adding value to your experience as a member. Educational benefits include classroom seminars, online training, continuing education certification, textbooks and other training materials. The purpose of media benefits is give you access to the latest information on codes and standards, new technology, government funding and industry jobs. We do this through IAEI magazine, IAEI Weekly Update, IAEI on Facebook, IAEI on LinkedIn, IAEI on Twitter and through www.iaei.org. The website is a gold mine of information, dating back to 1999. You can discover much of this by using the search box in the upper right-hand corner of each page. The personal benefits cover discounted products and services to help you save money. 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Member Type 1-Year Membership 3-Year Membership Associate Members $102.00 $286.00 Inspector Members* $102.00 $286.00 Student Members** $78.00 n/a Senior Associate Members $102.00 $286.00 Section Members $105.00 $295.00 Inspection Agency Members $204.00 $572.00 National Members $525.00 $1,475.00 International Members $525.00 $1,475.00 New members, other than students, may choose the multiyear plan when they complete the application form. Return the application to: International Association of Electrical Inspectors P. O. Box 830848 Richardson, TX 75083-0848 . 102 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 Email Date of Birth (Optional) Student applicants give school attending** Graduation date Applicant’s Signature Chapter, where you live or work, if known (Division, where appropriate). If previous member, give last membership number and last year of membership. 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Approved for licensing education in most states Analysis of Changes, NEC 2011 Analysis of Changes, NEC 2008 Hazardous (Classified) Locations Neon Lighting One- and Two-Family Dwelling Electrical Systems Soares Grounding and Bonding Additional Topics Available Commercial Electrical Inspection Checklists Conductor Installations Electrical Code Workshop, Application of the NEC Electrical Requirements of the International Residential Code (IRC) Fire Pumps and Emergency Systems Health Care Facilities, NEC Article 517 Information Technology Equipment, Grounding & Bonding Low Voltage and Limited Energy Wiring Systems Motors and A/C Equipment National Electrical Installation Standards NEIS, Training • NEIS-101-2001, Installing Steel Conduits • NEIS-1-2000, Good Workmanship in Electrical Contracting • NEIS-305-2001, Fire Alarm System Job Practices • NEIS-IESNA-500, Installing Indoor Commercial Lighting Systems Requirements for Electrical Services Residential Electrical Inspection Checklist Swimming Pools and Similar Installations, NEC Article 680 Transformers For information, contact International Association of Electrical Inspectors Education Department 901 Waterfall Way, Suite 602 Richardson, TX 75080 972-235-1455, or [email protected] For current seminars, visit www.iaei.org/education/seminars/dates IAEI SEMINARS ND6/11 www.iaei.org November . December 2011 IAEI NEWS 103 International Office Registration Form Other Membership: IAEI Membership # First Name ICC NFPA Middle (Initial) Title Others Last Name Employer Employer address City Employer phone Fax Mailing address City Payment by: Check Amex State ZIP Email State Social Security Number Credit card: ADA Notice: In accordance with ADA, people with special disabilities should notify us in advance of their particular needs relative to the disability. ZIP Phone State License # (s), Money order Diner’s Club Purchase Order (Government & educational facilities only) # Discover MasterCard Visa Charge card number Name or individual on card Expiration date Seminar Location Seminar Date Seminar Type (City, State of seminar) 8-Hour Seminar Received two weeks in advance Fee includes: authoritative IAEI textbook (not the NEC ) or handout, UL White Book, and certificate of continuing education units for inspector and electrical license renewals in many states. 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Five ways to register For reservations, contact the hotel directly. 1 Mail to: International Association of Electrical Inspectors Cancellation Policy: A full refund is available if IAEI receives written P.O. Box 830848 notification of your cancellation at least five business days prior to the seminar. Richardson, TX 75083-0848 Airline Information: IAEI has no group prices with the various airlines. 2 Online: iaei.org Click on "Attend a Seminar" Each registrant should book his or her own flight. 3 Fax this form: (972) 235-3855 Schedule: 4 Phone: For further information, please call Barbara Eastwood 7:30 - 8 a.m.. Registration/Check-in at 800-786-4234 or 972-235-1455 ext. 27 4-Hour Seminars: a.m.: 8–12 or p.m.: 1–5, breaks included 5 At the door: Beginning at 7:30 a.m. on space available basis 8 a.m. - 5 p.m Class, lunch included (Dates and times subject to change) IAEI News Nov/Dec 2011 104 IAEI NEWS November . December 2011 www.iaei.org Product List Products and Services from IAEI, the Keystone of the Electrical Industry Let our Code experts guide you through the changes in the NEC ! Trust Analysis of Changes from the nation’s leading electrical authorities. Hundreds of revisions in the 2011 NEC will have a direct impact on residential, commercial, and industrial installations. Added NEC articles broaden the Code’s coverage of alternate energy sources and emerging technologies. Stay informed about vital changes and expansions with this accurate, authoritative guide from the IAEI and NFPA®, the Code source. The new 2011 edition of Analysis of Changes provides: ■ “Change at a Glance” summaries for 300 important revisions ■ Excerpts of 2011 NEC text along with discussion about each change and its impact ■ Full-color graphics that clarify revisions and show correct application ■ Information on why the change was initiated and accepted ■ A useful cross-link to the ROPs and ROCs ■ Thorough coverage of first-time NEC articles such as Premises Powered Broadband Communications Systems and Small Wind Electric Systems Gain the latest knowledge about code-compliant electrical design, installation, and inspection with this book. Analysis of Changes, NEC-2011 Analysis of Changes, NEC-2008 Text Text PowerPoint PowerPoint Item 361017 $65.00 | Members $58.50 Item 361018 $250.00 | Members $225.00 Item 361014 $65.00 | Members $58.50 Item 361015 $250.00 | Members $225.00 1 (800) 786-4234 • iaei.org/store/ or myaccount.iaei.org/ 105 NEC Resources National Electrical Code by NFPA The most widely adopted element of a building code in the United States and the world, the NEC is the benchmark for safe and efficient electrical installations. Whether your jurisdiction adopts the 2011 Code immediately or down the road, you need to extend your knowledge and take advantage of the benefits right away, not months or years behind your peers in the electrical industry. 2011 Softbound 2011 Loose-leaf Item 352020 $85.00 | Members $76.50 Item 352021 $95.00 | Members $85.50 2008 Softbound 2008 Electronic CD Item 352017 $85.00 | Members $76.50 Item 353014 $115.00 | Members $103.50 NEC Handbook by NFPA Produced by the NFPA, this Handbook is the equivalent of an annotated edition of the NEC-2011 that offers insights into new and more difficult articles in order to guide users to success in interpreting and applying current Code requirements to all types of electrical installations. 2011 Handbook Item 363012 $149.00 | Members $134.10 2008 Electronic CD Item 363011 $203.50 | Members $183.15 Electrical Inspection Manual with Checklists by NFPA Make sure every electrical project adheres to NEC-2011 rules with the second edition of Electrical Inspection Manual with Checklists. Written by certified electrical inspectors and endorsed by the IAEI, our updated planner/organizer spells out point-by-point the items inspectors are required to check on the full range of electrical installations. 2011 Text Item 350004 $113.95 | Members $102.56 NEC Fast Tabs Locate the Code information you need with these self-adhesive tabs. They attach directly to the pages of your softbound NEC or Handbook to identify the articles that you reference most. You won’t waste time searching for information! 2011 Fast Tabs Item 352022 $12.00 | Members $10.80 [includes shipping] 2008 Fast Tabs Item 352019 $12.00 | Members $10.80 [includes shipping] Reproduced with permission from NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, Copyright © 2010, National Fire Protection Association, Inc., Quincy, MA 02169 106 Join IAEI® and save 10% on IAEI products and services. NEC Resources Learn to navigate the NEC quickly and accurately. Volts Drop for Aluminum Conductor in Nonmagnetic Conduit Volts Drop for Aluminum Conductor in Nonmagnetic Conduit Power Factor 100% Wire Size kcmil 1000 Ampere Feet 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 20.7 16.5 12.4 8.2 4.1 Single-Phase, 2-Wire 900 800 750 22.8 18.2 13.7 9.1 4.6 25.6 20.5 15.3 10.2 5.1 27.3 21.8 16.4 10.9 5.5 700 600 60 cycles 500 400 350 300 250 40.4 32.3 24.3 16.2 8.1 50.7 40.6 30.4 20.3 10.1 57.5 46.0 34.5 23.0 11.5 67.2 53.7 40.6 26.9 13.4 80.5 64.4 48.3 32.2 16.1 Volts Drop 29.2 23.4 17.5 11.7 5.8 33.9 27.1 20.3 13.5 6.8 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 3.7 3.3 2.9 2.5 4.1 3.7 3.2 2.7 4.6 4.1 3.6 3.1 4.9 4.4 3.8 3.3 5.3 4.7 4.1 3.5 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.1 7.3 6.5 5.7 4.9 9.1 8.1 7.1 6.1 10.3 9.2 8.1 6.9 12.1 10.8 9.4 8.1 14.5 12.9 11.3 9.7 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 2.1 1.7 1.2 0.8 0.4 2.3 1.8 1.4 0.9 0.5 2.6 2.1 1.5 1.0 0.5 2.7 2.2 1.6 1.1 0.6 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.2 0.6 3.4 2.7 2.0 1.4 0.7 4.0 3.2 2.4 1.6 0.8 5.1 4.1 3.0 2.0 1.0 5.8 4.6 3.5 2.3 1.2 6.7 5.4 4.1 2.7 1.3 8.1 6.4 4.8 3.2 1.6 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 – 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 900 800 700 600 – – – – – – – – 0.1 – – – 0.1 – – – 0.1 0.1 – – 0.1 0.1 0.1 – 500 400 300 200 100 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 – – – – – – – – – – – – 0.1 – – At Point-to-point Method for Short-Circuit Calculations NOTE 1.0.4Motor 0.3 0.5short-circuit 0.5 0.6contribution, if significant, may be added to the transformer secondary short-circuit current value as determined in Step 3. Proceed with this adjusted figure through 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 5, and 0.3 6. 0.3 Steps 4, A practical estimate of motor short-circuit contribution is to multiply the 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 total motor load current in amperes by 4. NOTE 2.0.1The0.1 L-N fault is higher than the L-L fault current at the secondary terminals of a 0.1 0.1 current 0.1 single-phase center-tapped transformer. The short-circuit current available (I) for this case – 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 – 0.1 be0.1 in– Step0.1 4 should adjusted at the transformer terminals as follows: L-N Center-tapped Transformer Terminals I = 1.5 x L-L Short-circuit Amperes at Transformer Terminals At some distance from the terminals, depending upon wire size, the L-N fault current is * Solid Conductors. Other conductors are stranded. lower than the L-L fault current. The 1.5 multiplier is an approximation and will theoretically vary from to 1.67. These figures are based on change in turns ration between primary Note 1 — The above table gives voltage drops encountered in 1.33 a single-phase two-wire system. andbe secondary, source available,by zero feet from terminals of transformer, and 1.2 x The voltage drops in other systems may obtained infinite through multiplication %X and 1.5 x %R for L-N vs. L-L resistance and reactance values. Begin L-N calculations appropriate factors listed below. at transformer secondary terminals, then proceed point-to-point. Systems for Which Voltage Drop Is Desired Multiplying Factors for Modification Example: of Values in Table Single-phase, 3-wire — Line-to-line 1.00 Single-phase, 3-wire — Line-to-neutral 0.50 Three-phase, 3-wire — Line-to-line 0.866 Three-phase, 4-wire — Line-to-line 0.866 Three-phase, 4-wire — Line-to-neutral 0.50 Fault No. 1 3000 x 1000 KVA x 1000 = be used Stepsingle-phase, 1. IFLA = = 833 A Note 2 — Allowable voltage drops for systems other than cannot 208 x 1.73 Etwo-wire L-L x 1.73 directly in the above table. Such drops should be modified through multiplication by 100 100 the appropriate factor listed above. The voltage modified Step 2.thus Multiplier = may then be used to = = 55.55 obtain the proper wire size directly from the table. .9* x Trans. % Z 1.8 x 55.55 46,273 A 3. Faster ISCA = 833 2011 Step Ferm’s Finder Index,=Volume 2 at transformer secondary 142 Step 4. f = 1.73 x L x I Step 5. M = C x EL-L 1 1 + f = 1.73 x 20 x 46,273 22,185 x 208 1 = = 0.347 = 0.742 (See Table M) 1 + .0347 Step 6. ISCA = 46,273 x 0.742 = 34,343 A at Fault No. 1 Fault No. 2 Step 4. f = Step 5. M = 1.73 x 20 x 34,343 5906 x 208 1 1 + f = = 0.968 1 1 + 0.968 = 0.508 (See Table M) Step 6. ISCA = 34,343 x 0.508 = 17,447 A at Fault No. 2 Notes: For simplicity, the motor contribution was not included. *Transformer % Z is multiplied by .9 to establish a worst-case condition. 2011 Ferm’s Faster Finder Index, Volume 2 101 Ferm’s Fast Finder's …even the name evokes thoughts of stability, speed and facility. Historically, Ferm’s Fast Finder has been the leading guidebook, with its comprehensive directions, advice and information, to the National Electrical Code. Its comprehensive cross-reference index has been meticulously updated to NEC-2008. Each entry, reference and source has been examined for precise detail and ease of use. New navigational guides are built into each page, both as headers and beside each entry, to facilitate locating information quickly. Volume 1 contains an alphabetized index of important words and phrases in the 2008 NEC, including detailed crisscross references, gives many avenues of approach to each subject, and includes a special section that cross-references the International Residential Code (IRC) with the National Electrical Code. Users of the NEC will discover how parallel these codes can run. Volume 2 has nearly 200 extensive and practical rules of thumb, formulas, illustrations, tables, charts and diagrams for the reader’s convenience. Serviceable and beneficial, Ferm’s Fast Finder is a must-have for those who seriously study the codes. Ferm's Fast Finder, NEC-2008 Text, Spiral-bound Item 359013 $50.00 | Members $45.00 Ferm's Fast Finder, NEC-2005 E! SAL Text, Spiral-bound Item 359012 $19.99 1 (800) 786-4234 • iaei.org/store/ or myaccount.iaei.org/ 107 Electrical Design and Calculations Books and tools to help simplify your electical calculations. Dwelling Load Calculating Software by Canaday Enterprises Say goodbye to complicated calculations and hello to easy and accurate answers in a flash using this load calculating software that references the 2008 and 2011 NEC. CD-ROM ElectriCalc Pro® by Calculated Industries This calculator is updateable for future code revisions, and has two code years built-in. Works directly in: volts, amps, volt-amps, watts, kVA, kW, PF%, EFF%, and DC resistance for fast, accurate Item 347122 $150.00 Get Electrical NEC Exam Preparation Electrical NEC Exam Preparation solutions for all your electrical calculations. Calculates copper or aluminum wire sizes: copper or aluminum, 3Ø/1Ø, 60ºC, 75ºC, 90ºC insulation rat- by Mike Holt ings at 100% or 125% of ampacity. Adjusts wires for ambient temperature other than 30ºC and for more than 3 wires in raceway. Integrated voltage drop solutions let you find: minimum VD wire size, maximum length for any given wire size and drop percentage, actual number of percentage of volts dropped. One-button parallel and derated wire sizing. Conduit sizing for NEC defines types of conduit. Allows sizing of all common conduits for any combination of #THW, #XHHW, and #THHN wires. Plus gives fill percentages, cross-sectional areas, remaining areas and more. Find motor full-load amps. Works in 1Ø and 3Ø induction (to 500 HP) and synchronous (to 200 HP) motors. Computes fuse and breaker sizes. Built-in solutions for: single and dual element fuses, instantaneous trip breakers, and inverse time breakers. Sizes overload protection. Automatically finds NEMA starter sizes. Calculates service and equip- This textbook covers Electrical Calculations in great detail and also reviews Electrical Theory and the 2011 National Electrical Code. Clear, colorful graphics guide you step-by-step through all the material included in this package. This book also contains hundreds of examples ment grounding conductor sizes. User selected and over 3,000 practice questions covering all of these subjects as well preferences let you customize settings to fit your as 60 challenge, review, and practice quizzes. needs. Works as a standard math calculator. Item 364008 $99.95 | Members $89.95 108 2011 Text 2008 Text Join IAEI® and save 10% on IAEI products and services. Item 347111 $59.00 | Members $53.10 Item 347094 $59.00 | Members $53.10 Electrical Design and Calculations Test and broaden your electrical design and plan review skills! Stallcup’s OSHA NFPA 70E Electrical Regulations Simplified by James G. Stallcup This book is divided into 3 parts: installation—safety requirements; safety related work practices; and safety related maintenance requirements. Each part provides information and location of OSHA electrical regulations. This book ties together these standards to demonstrate how to properly comply with OSHA regulations and maintain a safe workplace, both for electrical personnel performing maintenance on equipment and for non-electrical employees who need to work with or near that equipment. Text Item 347120 $94.95 | Members $85.46 Basic Checklists for Building Inspection by Joe Tedesco An excellent guide for the novice inspector or a complete review for the experienced inspector. Author Joe Tedesco summarizes the electrical inspection and plan review process for one-, two-, & multi-family dwellings, along with commercial and industrial facilities. It includes real-life experiences, typical hazards problems, checklists, NEC references, and UL requirements. This book serves as a basic guide for the novice or as a review for the experienced electrical inspector, helping to ensure safe and efficient electrical installations. Text Item 347023 $32.95 | Members $29.66 Stallcup’s Electrical Design Book by James G. Stallcup This comprehensive book has design tips, NEC loops, examples, quick calcs, and effective illustrations with authoritative Code references. Quizzes, tests and final examinations have been included in order for the reader to measure his or her design skills or to prepare for an examination. 2008 Text 2008 Answer key CD Item 347096 $102.95 | Members $92.66 Item 347101 $23.95 | Members $21.56 1 (800) 786-4234 • iaei.org/store/ or myaccount.iaei.org/ 109 Grounding Systems Not understanding grounding and bonding can lead to serious injury! For those eager to improve their skills in electrical grounding and bonding, this is the book to get. Not only does it explain how and why certain grounding methods are used, but it does so in a logical way, balancing text with photos and illustrations. Newly revised to NEC-2011, the text enables the reader to: • Avoid injuries from careless accidents • Grasp the functions of grounding and bonding • Trace grounding and bonding in virtually every Code article • Examine installations that exceed minimum NEC requirements . Soares Grounding and Bonding, NEC-2011 Soares Grounding and Bonding, NEC-2008 Text Text PowerPoint PowerPoint Item 357011 $65.00 | Members $58.50 Item 357012 $250.00 | Members $225.00 Item 357009 $50.00 | Members $45.00 Soares Grounding and Bonding, NEC-2005 E! SAL Text Item 357007 $19.99 Item 357010 $250.00 | Members $225.00 Order online or call 800-786-4234 Learn all about GFCIs, AFCIs, and similar devices Overcurrents and Undercurrents by Earl W. Roberts Learn how the principle of the residual current device, as applied in the USA by the ground-fault circuit interrupter and ground-fault protection of equipment, and related electronic “creatures,” is revolutionizing electrical safety in buildings. The fourth edition (2008) has been revised to add a new chapter 18, New Safety Product Ideas. 2008 Text 110 Item 347003 $28.00 | Members $25.20 Join IAEI® and save 10% on IAEI products and services. Residential Installations The guide for those involved with the design, installation, or inspection of electrical systems in new and existing dwellings. A greater percentage of the NEC rules apply to residential installations than to any other occupancy. These residential requirements are found throughout the entire codebook, rather than being concentrated into particular chapters as are other occupancy requirements. This seventh edition of One- and Two-Family Dwelling Electrical Systems is designed to help you quickly locate the rules you need. The hottest topics in NEC-2008 included: ■ the expansion of AFCIs throughout the dwelling ■ tamper-resistant receptacles to protect small children ■ new provisions for LED luminaires in clothes closets ■ swimming pools and outbuildings ■ minimum requirement of one communications outlet installed in each new dwelling and cabled to the service provider demarcation point Ready references to both the NEC and IRC and to product categories in the UL White Book are included for your convenience. Illustrations and detailed examples provide background information, and tables and photos present visual confirmation of the text. This material has been thoroughly updated to assist you in supporting your jurisdiction and enforcing the codes that keep us all safer. One- and Two-Family Dwelling Systems, NEC-2008 Text Item 356007 $58.00 | Members $52.20 PowerPoint Item 356010 $250.00 | Members $225.00 One- and Two-Family Dwelling Systems, NEC-2005 E! SAL Text Item 356006 $19.99 PowerPoint Item 356009 $140.00 Get the very latest in industry standards and procedures Electrical Wiring Residential by Ray C. Mullin and Phil Simmons Students can learn all aspects of residential wiring and how to apply them to the wiring of a typical house from this, the most widely-used residential wiring text in the country. It uses a practical approach and comprehensive coverage to guide readers step-by-step through the critical tasks and responsibilities that face today's professional residential electricians. Text, 17E Instructor's Guide* Item 342041 $96.95 | Members $87.26 Item 342042 $44.95 | Members $40.46 *Answers found only in Instructor’s Guide 1 (800) 786-4234 • iaei.org/store/ or myaccount.iaei.org/ 111 Commercial Installations Before installing electricity and equipment, know the hazardous area classification! For fire or an explosion to occur, three things must be present at the same time: oxygen to sustain combustion; heat to raise the material to its ignition temperature; and fuel or combustible material. Oxygen, heat, and fuel are called the fire triangle. Take any of these three things away, and you will not have a fire or an explosion. Essentially, hazardous locations code rules focus on keeping fuel sources separated from ignition sources (electrical arcs and heat). This text reveals how this is done—carefully and methodically. The intent of this book is to provide training material and resources for students and to assist those involved with designing, installing, inspecting and maintaining electrical systems in hazardous (classified) locations. Hazardous Locations includes information on: ■ Area classification ■ Methods of protection ■ Interaction of protection techniques with specific types of equipment ■ Wiring requirements ■ Specific occupancies and industries Through photos, illustrations, and thorough explanations, the reader will learn how to safety install electrical equipment and wiring in the most hazardous locations in this 230-page book. Hazardous Locations, NEC-2008 Hazardous Locations, NEC-2005 Text Item 351006 $50.00 | Members $45.00 PowerPoint E! SAL Text Item 351004 $19.99 PowerPoint Item 351007 $140.00 Item 351005 $140.00 Go step-by-step through the basics of commercial wiring Electrical Wiring Commercial by Ray C. Mullin and Phil Simmons The 14th edition has been extensively revised for the 2011 NEC. Full-color drawings and product photographs illustrate difficult concepts of the Code to increase the reader's understanding of the application in the wiring process. There is an emphasis on "going green" with electrical design and installation. Text, 14E Instructor's Guide* 112 Item 342039 $118.95 | Members $107.06 Item 342040 $27.95 | Members $25.16 Join IAEI® and save 10% on IAEI products and services. Commercial Installations Minimize risks associated with neon signs and outline lighting In the neon industry, technical comingles with electrical to give both neon installer and the electrical professional insight into the other's world, a world that is bold, dramatic and colorful but potentially dangerous. This book is about minimizing these dangers associated with neon signs and outline lighting systems; it is about putting safety first. From a brief look at the history of neon lighting to code-compliant components to design and installation requirements, this book has something for all. Aside from the dazzling photographs and compelling drawings, the book is packed with information about neon and electricity. Neon Lighting, NEC-2005 Neon Lighting book also provides: ■ information on what neon is, and its parts and components ■ how neon works ■ neon design and installation E! SAL Text Item 365014 $27.99 PowerPoint ■ Canadian Electrical Code (CEC) requirements Item 365015 $140.00 Learn code-compliant wiring practices and equipment maintenance Stallcup’s Generator, Transformer, Motor and Compressor by James G. Stallcup The new 2008 edition expertly explains how to select, operate, construct, and maintain the most common types of rotating machinery correctly and efficiently. Divided into three comprehensive parts, it introduces users to the theory, methods, and applications of generators, transformers, and motors, controllers and compressors. The text features numerous illustrations to enhance comprehension, clarify complex concepts, and offer hands-on assistance. 2008 Text Item 347095 $102.95 | Members $92.66 1 (800) 786-4234 • iaei.org/store/ or myaccount.iaei.org/ 113 Certification Study Guides Prepare for certification success with IAEI's detailed study guides. IAEI's detailed study guides are designed to prepare you for certification success in One- and Two-Family Dwelling Electrical Systems, Electrical General, and Electrical Plan Review, or any master electrician or journeyman electrician exams. ■ Learn the “Keyword-Contents-Index” method of readily establishing a fix on the NEC requirements. ■ Learn how to use the NEC more effectively and efficiently in a timed situation. ■ Discover tips, acronyms, and memory joggers not offered anywhere else. ■ Learn the language and style of the exams for the journeyman electrician, master electrician, and inspector certification programs for easy topic recognition and faster navigation through the exams. Questions are formulated to be similar to test formats you are likely to find in the electrical inspector certification examinations. Inspectors are tasked with the respon- Plan review is a vital part of the electri- To ensure electrical safety, it is vital sibility of ensuring electrical safety cal inspection process. An inspector for all electricians to become expert in multiple types of structures and needs to be able to review plans for in design and installation of electrical installations. Understanding the major electrical installations and for installers systems in new and existing one- and installation issues and occupancy and electricians to provide an accurate two-family dwellings. It is even more types in one- to four-story structures is and complete project. Certification is important for inspectors to be fully pre- a critical skill. an important measure of this skill. pared to examine installations for safety. Electrical General Study Guide, NEC-2008 Plan Review Study Guide, NEC-2008 Text Text Item 360038 $40.00 | Members $36.00 Item 360039 $40.00 | Members $36.00 One- and Two-Family Study Guide, NEC-2008 Text Item 360037 $40.00 | Members $36.00 One- and Two-Family Study Guide, NEC-2005 E! SAL 114 Join 10% on on IAEIIAEI products and services. Join IAEI IAEI and andsave save 10% products and services. ®® Text Item 360033 $14.99 Training PowerPoints IAEI Apparel a. Golf shirt with embroidered IAEI letter logo; with pocket a Our CornerStone pique polo is comfortable and stain resistant, this polo has a stylish ottoman tipped collar. 100% spun polyester. Handy left chest pocket, with embroidered IAEI logo. Description Item No. Size Navy w/gold IAEI logo 376094 M Navy w/gold IAEI logo 376095 L Navy w/gold IAEI logo 376096 XL Burgundy w/gold IAEI logo 376089 M Burgundy w/gold IAEI logo 376090 L Burgundy w/gold IAEI logo 376091 XL b $35.95 each Navy w/gold IAEI logo 376097 XXL Navy w/gold IAEI logo 376098 XXXL Burgundy w/gold IAEI logo 376092 XXL Burgundy w/gold IAEI logo 376093 XXXL b $39.95 each b. Dress shirt; with pocket Durable dress shirt with 55% cotton / 45% polyester blend. Twobutton adjustable cuffs with button through sleeve placket. Classic c button-down collar. Embroidered IAEI logo on the left chest (above the pocket). Description Item No. Size White w/navy IAEI logo 376077 S White w/navy IAEI logo 376078 M White w/navy IAEI logo 376079 L White w/navyIAEI logo 376080 XL Burgundy w/gold IAEI logo 376083 S Burgundy w/gold IAEI logo 376084 M Burgundy w/gold IAEI logo 376085 L Burgundy w/gold IAEI logo 376086 XL d $35.95 each White w/navy IAEI logo 376081 XXL White w/navy IAEI logo 376082 XXXL Burgundy w/gold IAEI logo 376087 XXL Burgundy w/gold IAEI logo 376088 XXXL $39.95 each North End Fleece jacket is soft, light and yet incredibly warm. De- c. Fleece vest signed for maximum versatility, our non-pilling performance fleece North End Fleece non-piling, zippered, fleece vest with zip-close front-hand pockets has embroidered gold IAEI logo on the left chest. can be worn on its own or as an insulating layer for additional protection against the elements.Soft, zippered mid-weight, long sleeve fleece jacket with front-hand pockets has embroidered gold IAEI logo on the left chest. Description Item No. Size Gray w/gold IAEI logo 376070 M Gray w/gold IAEI logo 376071 L Gray w/gold IAEI logo 376082 XL Description Item No. Size Black w/gold IAEI logo 376065 M Black w/gold IAEI logo 376066 L Black w/gold IAEI logo 376067 XL Black w/gold IAEI logo 376068 XXL Black w/gold IAEI logo 376069 XXXL $65.95 each $49.95 each Gray w/gold IAEI logo 376073 XXL Gray w/gold IAEI logo 376074 XXXL $54.95 each d. Fleece jacket $74.95 each (800)786-4234 786-4234 •• iaei.org/store/ iaei.org/store/or ormyaccount.iaei.org/ myaccount.iaei.org/ 11(800) 115 115 IAEI Apparel a. IAEI Necktie Woven silk necktie, embedded with the IAEI logo. Red Necktie 376136 $30.00 Black Necktie 376154 $35.00 b. T-shirt with IAEI lettering logo High quality, 100 percent heavy cotton, pre-shrunk tshirt has the IAEI News logo. Available in black with b a the IAEI logo in neon or white. Made in the USA. Description Item No. Size Black shirt w/white 376058 L Black shirt w/white 376060 XXL Black shirt w/neon 376053 L Black shirt w/neon 376055 XXL $15.95 each c (Limited quantities) c. T-shirt with IAEI circle logo; with pocket This high quality, 100 percent 5.5 oz. cotton, pre- e d shrunk t-shirt is a favorite. Available in white with a black logo or black with a white logo on the left chest (above the pocket). Made in the USA. Description Item No. Size White w/black logo 376122 M White w/black logo 376123 L White w/black logo 376124 XL White w/black logo 376125 XXL White w/black logo 376138 XXXL Black w/white logo 376126 M Black w/white logo 376127 L Black w/white logo 376128 XL Black w/white logo 376129 XXL Black w/white logo 376137 XXXL $15.95 each d. Denim Shirt with IAEI lettering logo; with pocket 100 percent cotton, long sleeve denim shirt has embroidered IAEI logo on the left chest, above the pocket in navy. Description Item No. Size Denim shirt 376130 M Denim shirt 376131 L Denim shirt 376132 XL $35.95 each e. Mesh knit polo shirt with embroidered IAEI circle logo; with pocket 100 percent 6 oz. cotton pre-shrunk, short sleeve mesh knit polo shirt has embroidered IAEI logo on the left chest (above the pocket). Available in white with black logo or black with white logo. Description Item No. Size Black w/white logo 376112 M Black w/white logo 376113 L Black w/white logo 376114 XL White w/black logo 376117 M White w/black logo 376118 L White w/black logo 376119 XL Black w/white logo 376115 XXL Black w/white logo 376116 XXXL $35.95 each Denim shirt 376133 XXL White w/black logo 376120 XXL Denim shirt 376134 XXXL White w/black logo 376121 XXXL $39.95 each 116 $39.95 each Join IAEI®® and save 10% on IAEI products and services. IAEI Logo Products e a b f g c d a. IAEI Baseball cap h IAEI logo embroidered in a contrasting color. $10.95 d. Black Portfolio Bag f. Pen and Pencil Set Northwest business brief made of durable Sheaffer matte chrome with 23k gold 600 D Polycanvas and features antique electroplate trim pen and pencil set in red 376141 brass finish hardware. Also includes leatherette gift box. 376142 detachable and adjustable shoulder strap, White w/solid back & blue logo 376042 White w/solid back & black logo 376111 Blue w/solid back & white logo 376140 Blue w/solid back & white logo 376140 Blue w/mesh back & white logo White w/solid back & blue logo $15.95 New! Port Authority Dry Zone Cap Black with gold logo (with 376076 back imprinted text) b. IAEI Magazine SlipCover Holds 12 issues of the IAEI News Item 376008 $15.00 rear umbrella holder, and inside organizer pockets. Item 376045 $25.50 e. Travel mug, 16-ounce The Closer Lid™, with the unique patented spill-resistant design, comes standard. Unique high-gloss blue finish imprinted c. Mouse Pad with gold IAEI logo. Full foam insulation Blue and white 8" diameter with logo. nates condensation. Item 376062 $5.00 keeps drinks hot or cold longer and elimiItem 376023 Item 376009 $65.95 g. IAEI Umbrella Umbrella with IAEI logo. Item 376155 $22.50 h. Coffee Mug Black coffee mug with IAEI logo in gold lettering. Item 376006 $5.00 $5.00 1 (800) 786-4234 • iaei.org/store/ or myaccount.iaei.org/ 117 IAEI Insignia Products a. Membership Wood Plaque a Wood plaque—walnut tone with black letters on gold tone plate. Up to four years will fit on one plaque or you can replace the year plate annually with current year. 7" X 9" Wood plaque (includes current year plate) Item 376030 $19.95 2010 Year plate—5/8" x 2" Item 376153 $5.00 2011 Year plate—5/8” x 2” Item 376156 $5.00 b. Emblems and Decals Blue with IAEI logo in blue and gold. 3 3/4" embroidered patch Item 376002 $4.00 ea. 2" silk screened patch Item 376001 $2.25 ea. 2 1/2" adhesive decal Item 376063 2 for $1.00 b c. Lapel pin Logo lapel pin, classic die-struck construction, gold-plated with blue and yellow color fill. 1" round with fastener. Lapel pin Item 376109 $10.00 d. Window decal—Membership Logo Blue and white 4" diameter window decal with IAEI logo. Window decal Item 376064 $1.50 e. Membership lapel pins and tie tacks c Handsome blue, white, and gold tone pins with lapel and tie tack backs. Lapel pins are available showing year of membership as follows: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 years. Indicate year $11.50 each on order. 10-year membership 376010 15-year membership 376011 20-year membership 376012 25-year membership 376013 30-year membership 376014 35-year membership 376015 40-year membership 376016 45-year membership 376039 50-year membership 376038 d e 118 Join IAEI®® and save 10% on IAEI products and services. 4 Convenient Methods of Ordering Ship to: IAEI Membership Number: ONLINE: Order Online at IAEI.org Name ______________________________________________ FAX: (972) 235-6858 Email address ________________________________________ CALL: (800) 786-4234 or (972) 235-1455 8 a.m.– 5 p.m. CT Company ___________________________________________ MAIL TO: International Association of Electrical Inspectors PO Box 830848 Richardson, TX 75083-0848 Street Address _______________________________________ ___________________________________________________ City ________________________ State ______ Zip________ Phone _____________________________ Date __________ Catalog No. Sample Item and Description 376058 Black t-shirt with white IAEI lettering Size and/or Color Price Ea. Qty. Price L $15.95 2 $31.90 Payment by: Charge Card Number Expiration Date Visa Discover MasterCard Subtotal ______ / ______ / _______ Diners Club Check Enclosed Money Order Amex Name on Card ______________________________________ Billing address of card: Street Address _______________________________________ ___________________________________________________ City ________________________ State ______ ZIP _______ SHIPPING INFORMATION Shipping and Handling Charges * For orders totaling ............................... Add: Up to $60.00 .............................. $8.00 60.01 to 120.00 .................$10.00 Add $2.00 shipping for each additional $60.00 Add $3.00 for PO Boxes Add Shipping and Handling Charges Here Texas Residents add 8.25% Sales Tax (All payments in U.S. funds) Total for Order ND611 Orders must be prepaid. Phone or fax your order to us, and use your MasterCard, Visa, Discover, Diners Club or American Express charge card. Prices are subject to change without notice. Shipments by UPS ground unless instructed otherwise. UPS will not deliver to a P.O. Box. *Shipping extra to Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, international locations and to any P.O. Box. Call for rates. Sorry, we do not accept C.O.D. orders. 11-November Our Guarantee Our products are guaranteed to give 100% satisfaction in every way. Return within 30 days anything (excluding sale items) purchased from us if it proves otherwise. [CDs and PowerPoints are returnable with same item only]. We will replace it, refund your purchase price or credit your credit card (less shipping and handling), as you wish. All returns subject to a 15 percent restocking fee. We do not want you to have anything from IAEI that is not completely satisfactory. Training PowerPoints Ready-to-use PowerPoint programs on subjects geared to train the electrical professional. Now it's even easier to deliver electrical safety training meetings and seminars with IAEI's specialized PowerPoint programs, ready-to-use right out of the box. Just choose your topic(s), purchase the corresponding books (available on select PowerPoint programs), and you are ready to train electrical professionals instantly. Analysis of Changes (8-hours) Working Spaces (4-hours) Soares Book on Grounding (8-hours) Electrical Safety Awareness (4-hours) NEC-2011 NEC-2008 NEC-2011 NEC-2008 Item 361018 Item 361015 Item 357012 Item 357010 $250.00 | Members $225.00 $250.00 | Members $225.00 NEC-2008 NEC-2005 $250.00 | Members $225.00 $250.00 | Members $225.00 NEC-2005 Item 356010 Item 356009 NEC-2005 $250.00 | Members $225.00 $140.00 Item 351007 Item 351005 NEC-2005 $140.00 $140.00 Item 343031 Item 343030 NEC-2005 $250.00 | Members $225.00 $140.00 Item 343029 $75.00 Item 343023 $75.00 Item 343018 $75.00 Motors & Air-Conditioning Equipment (4-hours) NEC-2005 Health Care Facilities (8-hours) NEC-2005 Item 343019 Information Technology Grounding (4-hours) Swimming Pools (8-hours) NEC-2008 NEC-2005 $75.00 Grounding Separately Derived Systems (4-hours) Hazardous Locations (8-hours) NEC-2008 NEC-2005 Item 343025 $75.00 $75.00 Electric Signs & Outline Lighting (4-hours) One- and Two-Family Dwelling (8-hours) NEC-2008 NEC-2005 Item 343028 Item 343027 Item 343017 Transformers (4-hours) $140.00 NEC-2005 Item 343020 $75.00 $75.00 Conductor Installations (4-hours) NEC-2008 NEC-2005 Item 343022 Item 343021 $75.00 $75.00 IAEI Classroom & Online Training Code Inspired, IACET Approved Classroom Seminars For dates, locations, additional seminar types (such as on-site and co-op), and to register for an event, contact us at 1 (800) 786-4234 or register online at iaei.org/education/seminardates.html Online Training Pace/IAEI Online Training. http://education.iaei.org UL University iaei.org/education/online-training/ul-university/ Save some money. Join IAEI and save 10% on various products and services. Contact us online at iaei.org or call: 1.800.786.4234 120 Join IAEI® and save 10% on IAEI products and services. The One Mark You Want to See Proof that products meet U.S. standards This year alone, millions of electrical products, systems, and components displaying CSA certification marks will be installed in commercial, industrial, institutional, and residential building projects across the U.S. The architects, engineers, contractors, and product suppliers responsible for those projects understand that CSA marks mean that products meet all applicable U.S. standards for safety or performance. CSA marks are issued by CSA International, a leading North American product testing and certification organization. CSA International is recognized by OSHA as a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory, qualified to test and certify products to more than 400 U.S. standards, including electrical standards published by ANSI and UL. That means you can approve installations with confidence when they include properly installed products displaying CSA marks. To Learn More… E-mail us today at [email protected]. View a complete listing of products certified by CSA International at www.csa-international.org Global Offices and Laboratories: Atlanta, GA • Charlotte, NC • Chicago, IL • Cleveland, OH • Dallas, TX • Los Angeles, CA Nashville, TN • Edmonton, AB • Montreal, PQ • Toronto, ON • Vancouver, BC • Arnhem, the Netherlands • Bangalore, India Hong Kong, China • Guangzhou, China • Shanghai, China • Seoul, Republic of Korea • Tokyo, Japan To all who attended the IAEI 2011 Section Meetings SPECIAL THANKS Your loyalty to IAEI is noted and deeply appreciated. You’ve worked hard this year and have ensured safety for multiple families and businesses. That’s a significant achievement. We’re so pleased to be part of your career advancement. We look forward to your participation next year. David Clements 901 Waterfall Way, Suite 602, Richardson, Texas 75080 800-786-4234 or 972-235-1455 ● http://www.iaei.org ND0611
