Rebeca Moncada The Inca Empire The rise of the Inca Empire began during a battle and would continue for nearly a century. In 1438, the Chanka tribes, invaded Cusco. Pachacuti, the son of the Sapa Inca Viracocha, was the one who led the defenses of the town to a victory. While Pachacuti ruled, the Inca Empire continued to grow until it reached the particular Inca state — now called Tawantinsuyu or “Land of the Four Quarters” —. Pachacuti is believed to possess been the primary Inca emperor to order forced resettlement to squash the chance of an uprising from one group. Tupac marched north, conquering a path to the distant northern city of Quito. Government Cusco, the government center of the vast empire. He expanded Sacsahuaman, the huge fortress that guarded the town, and launched into an expansive irrigation project by channeling rivers and creating intricate agricultural terraces. Although Tawantinsuyu was comprised of over 100 distinct ethnic groups among its 12 million inhabitants, a well-developed societal structure kept the empire running smoothly. Most Inca subjects were self-sufficient farmers who attended corn, potatoes, squash, llamas, alpacas and dogs, and paid taxes through public labor. There was no communication, but a sort of the Quechua language became the first dialect, and knotted cords called quipu were wont to keep track of historical and accounting records. Innovations The Inca are today celebrated for several artistic and cultural achievement, including their monumental architecture, of which the magnificent fortress complex Machu Picchu is but one example. Historians believe Machu Picchu was built at the peak of the Inca Empire. It had been abandoned an estimated 100 years after its construction, probably round the time the Spanish began their conquest of the mighty pre-Columbian civilization within the 1530s. there's no evidencie that the conquistadors ever attacked or maybe reached the mountaintop citadel. The Incas chewed coca leaves with lime and swallowed the resulting juice, and this allowed them to figure long hours without eating or drinking. Religion Religion influenced a lot in the Inca, even in the governments. They believed that their ruler, who was called The Sapa Inca, was part god himself. Incas believed that gods occupied tree different realms: The sky, The inner earth and the Luther earth. Incas build many temples as attributes to their gods. One of the most important temples was the Coricancha, built in the city of Cuzco. They also believed in the afterlife, they were really careful 8n the process of embalming and mummifying the bodies of the dead. They brought gifts to the dead so they could use it in the afterlife. They also had festivals, one example could be the festival of the dead, were the dead emperors were paraded through the streets. The fall When Spanish Conquistador, Francisco Pizarro, arrived in 1532, the Incas were fighting amongst themselves during a fierce war between two sons of the Inca ruler Wayna Qhapaq. Pizarro persuaded a number of the factions created by civil unrest to show against their own people, successfully increasing his small army of only 168 men. Even with reinforcements, however, it still seems incredulous that some hundred could defeat an empire of 40,000 Inca rulers and over 10 million subjects. Material power seems to ownfavored the Incas. The Spaniards succeeded, in part, due to their manipulation of ideological power, or the power to own people readily accept your agenda, without considering other options. Pizarro correctly discerned that the Inca people placed an outsizedamount of ideological power on the Inca kings, who were considered living gods. By ruthlessly, and publicly, killing the Inca king in each region he conquered. Referencias 1 History.com Editors. (2022, July 26). Inca. HISTORY. Retrieved October 4, 2022, from https://www.history.com/topics/south america/inca#inca-government 2 Inca Empire for Kids: Mythology and Religion. (s. f.). Recuperado 26 de octubre de 2022, de https://www.ducksters.com/history/inca/my thology_and_religion.php 3 NCBI - WWW Error Blocked Diagnostic. (n.d.). Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18085109 / 4 Smit, J. L. (2022, January 5). Ancient Civilization Timeline: The 16 Oldest Cultures. History Cooperative. Retrieved October 4, 2022, from https://historycooperative.org/ancientcivilizations/ 5 Study.com | Take Online Courses. Earn College Credit. Research Schools, Degrees & Careers. (n.d.). Retrieved October 4, 2022, from https://study.com/learn/lesson/incanempire-origins-timeline-history.html 6 Utah State University. (2021, July 30). The Fall of the Incas: A Historical Look at Power Struggles. USU. Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://chass.usu.edu/internationalstudies/aggies-go/news/the-fall-of-theincasUtah
