1 SCI 115SC – Final Term Exam – Spring 2021 Name Joshua Rolle Jr. INDICATE YOUR ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEMS BY UNDERLINING, BOLD FONT, OR HIGHLIGHTING 1) Spell out this acronym (2 points): a) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid 2) Which sense do these genes activate (2 points each) a) Pax-2 – sense of hearing b) Pax 6 – sense of vision or sight. Four points questions 3) Neil Shubin found his inner fish, Tiktaalik, in the year 2006 In the Inuit language the name Tiktaalik means large freshwater fish. 4) A brief definition for DNA is A molecule that contains the biochemical information for the formation of all genetic material that develops into living organisms . 2 5) Which of the following best describes the theory of evolution? a) Physical changes in organisms caused by actions like giraffes having long necks because they had to stretch for food b) Belief that humans are able to alter their physical appearance through better nutrition, more exercise and better education of their offspring. c) Genetic changes in populations, often producing changes in observable traits of organisms over time d) Exposing living organisms to nuclear radiation to produce mutations that alter their genetic material e) The ravings of a lunatic f) All of the above. 6. Approximately what percentage of the human genome is devoted to detecting different odors? A. 3% B. 10 % C. 0.5 % D. 50% 7. The mechanism used by odor molecules to attach to olfactory receptors is called lock and key 8. Which is the largest gene family in the mammalian genome? The largest gene family in the mammalian genome is the olfactory receptor. 3 9. Which well known scientist is credited with developing a “Natural Selection” explanation of species evolution mainly based upon his work in the Malay Archipelago? a. b. c. d. e. Alfred Russel Wallace Sir Richard Owen Neil Shubin Jerry Coyne Charles Darwin 10. Which well known scientist is credited with this quote, “To suppose that the eye with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest degree.” a. b. c. d. e. Alfred Russel Wallace Sir Richard Owen Neil Shubin Jerry Coyne Charles Darwin 4 11. Show the correct order of the four 4 parts of the Scientific Method and explain their functions. You may use a diagram, give a written answer, or combination. (16 points) Firstly, visualize so see exactly what describes or identify the problem that is at hand. Next, decipher the problematic question, and after the question has been asked, collect more information. Afterwards a hypothesis is formed. Secondly, in the procedural stage, the hypothesis is tested. And, the experimental design. Thirdly, these is the Observations and Data stage, in this stage you make observations and formulate an experimental design, in which is basically comprises with the ideas and actions of assembling tables and graphs to display your data easily and simply. Lastly, you must conclude, this is the stage where the hypothesis can be supported or rejected based on the data provided and analyzed and the results of the matter are then reported and published. Problem •Identify the problem (question •Collect Information •Form a hypothesis Procedure •Test the hypothesis •Experimental Design Observations & Data •Make observations •Assemble tables and graphs Conclusions •Support or rehect hypothesis based on data •Repord and publish results 5 Four point questions 12. Neuromast cells found along the lateral line of fish are believed to be the precursor of the mammalian inner ear fluid neuro receptors. 13. Using a calendar as approximate extent of time since the Earth was formed, on what month and day would Homo sapiens have emerged? December 31 14. Name 4 groups of organisms that have opsin proteins for some form of vision a. b. c. d. Plants, Vertebrates, Jellyfish, and Reptiles Chanoflagellates, Octopus, Jellyfish, and Vertebrates Ostracoderms, Platypus, Dinosaurs, and Vertebrates Jellyfish, Insects, Octopus, and Vertebrates 15. What is the significance placed upon the presence of collagen and proteoglycans in the cells of and humans and other organisms from an evolutionary perspective? The properties of these molecules allow the ability for cells to stick together and communicate with each other which is a common trait of all organisms. 16. Name the three small inner ear bones that are responsible for hearing in humans. (10 points) The names of the three small bones inner ear bones that are responsible for human hearing are the Malleus also known as the 6 hammer, the incus also known as the anvil and lastly the stapes that is also known as the stirrup. 17. True/False Questions (2 points each): a. T Commonality and similarity among organisms can be seen in the Common Limb Plan b. F According to Shubin, multi-cellular life began about 1 billion years ago c. F If the finding of the Gabon fossils is accurately dated at about 2 billion years ago, then they would appear in our ‘calendar’ year in the month of March d. F Choanoflagellates are an advanced variety of sponge e. T A significant increase in oxygen is credited with allowing the “explosion” of life on earth about a billion years ago f. T Opsin is the protein most associated with vision receptors g. T Some DNA sequences are called switches that turn on particular genes in chromosomes h. T Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes i. T One of the aspects that human beings share with other mammals is a 3 boned middle ear j. T Natural selection is the non-random differential reproduction of genetic traits from one generation to the next that usually allows those receiving certain genetic traits 7 as better able to survive or reproduce over those organisms that do not receive those traits EXTRA CREDIT- Of the 4 nucleotides of DNA (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine which one always connects to adenine? Adenine usually always pair with thymine giving the A-T visual/formation.
