Educación secundaria Dirección Xeral de Educación, Formación para personas adultas Profesional e Innovación Educativa Ámbito de la comunicación Lengua inglesa Educación a distancia semipresencial Módulo 3 Anexo gramatical 11 Páxina 1 de 19 Índice 1. Introducción...............................................................................................................3 1.1 2. Descripción del anexo gramatical ................................................................................. 3 Secuencia de contenidos y actividades ..................................................................4 2.1 2.2 2.3 Pasado del verbo To be (ser/estar)............................................................................... 4 Verbo haber impersonal................................................................................................ 6 El pasado simple .......................................................................................................... 8 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 Forma afirmativa ................................................................................................................................................8 Forma negativa del pasado simple ..................................................................................................................10 Forma interrogativa del pasado simple ............................................................................................................12 3. Vocabulario básico de la unidad............................................................................13 4. Comprensión escrita...............................................................................................14 5. Autoevaluación........................................................................................................15 6. Soluciones ...............................................................................................................17 6.1 6.2 Soluciones a las actividades propuestas .................................................................... 17 Soluciones al test de autoevaluación .......................................................................... 19 Páxina 2 de 19 1. Introducción 1.1 Descripción del anexo gramatical En este anexo gramatical vamos a abordar los siguientes contenidos: El pasado del verbo to be. Verbo haber impersonal: there is/are; there was/were. El pasado simple de los verbos regulares. Vocabulario. Páxina 3 de 19 2. Secuencia de contenidos y actividades 2.1 Pasado del verbo to be (ser/estar) Afirmativo I was Yo fui, yo era You were Tú fuiste, tú eras He El fue, el era was She Ella fue, ella era It Fue, era We Nosotros fuimos, nosotros éramos were You they Vosotros fuisteis, vosotros erais Ellos/ ellas fueron, ellos/ ellas eran I was very happy when I lived in A Peroxa. Yo fui muy feliz cuando vivía en A Peroxa. They were friends in the past. Ellos fueron amigos en el pasado. She was a teacher when she was younger. Ella fue maestra cuando era más joven. Negativo I wasn’t (was not) Yo no fui, yo no era You weren’t (were not) Tú no fuiste, tú no eras He El no fue, el no era She wasn’t Ella no fue, ella no era It No fue, no era We Nosotros no fuimos, nosotros no éramos weren’t You They Vosotros no fuisteis, vosotros no erais Ellos/as no fueron, ellos/as no eran I wasn’t very happy when I lived in A Peroxa. Yo no fui muy feliz cuando vivía en A Peroxa. They weren’t friends in the past. Ellos no fueron amigos en el pasado. Páxina 4 de 19 She wasn’t a teacher when she was younger. Ella no era maestra cuando era más joven. Interrogativo Was I ¿Fui yo? ¿Era yo? Were you ¿Fuiste tú? ¿Eras tú? He ¿Fue él? ¿Era él? She ¿Fue ella? ¿Era ella? It ¿Fue? ¿Era? We ¿Fuimos nosotros? ¿Éramos nosotros? You ¿Fuisteis vosotros? ¿Erais vosotros? they ¿Fueron ellos? Was Were Were they friends in the past? ¿Fueron ellos amigos en el pasado? Was she a teacher when she was younger? ¿Fue ella maestra cuando era más joven? Páxina 5 de 19 2.2 Verbo haber impersonal Las formas del verbo to be se usan en inglés también para expresar la idea de que hay o había algo (ver anexo gramatical 3). Para eso usamos las siguientes formas: Presente is singular There is a book on the table. Hay un libro en la mesa. plural There are two books on the table. Hay dos libros en la mesa. isn’t There are aren’t Pasado was singular There was a book on the table. Había un libro en la mesa. plural There were two books on the table. Había dos libros en la mesa. wasn’t There were weren’t There is a big car in front of the phone box. Hay un coche grande delante de la cabina de teléfono. There are several people waiting for you. Hay varias personas esperándote. There was a big car in fron of the phone box last night. Había un coche grande delante de la cabina de teléfono ayer por la noche. There were some people on the beach yesterday. Había alguna gente en la playa ayer. Actividades propuestas S1. Lea el siguiente texto y escriba was o were. Last Saturday there (1) [_____] a fair in my town. My friend Karen and I (2) [_____] there, but Chris and Ben (3) [_____] not. There (4) [_____] lots of people there and they (5) [_____] very happy. There (6) [_____] not a ghost train, but there (7) [_____] a big wheel. At night, there (8) [_____] lots of lights. It (9) [_____] great!. Páxina 6 de 19 S2. Subraye la forma correcta del verbo. In 2000, the Olympics was / were in Sydney. It was / were a fantastic competition. There was / were thousands of people. There wasn’t / weren’t any empty seats. The Opening Ceremmony was / were great! There was / were a brilliant fireworks display. The marathon wasn’t / weren’t the first race. S3. Elija la forma más adecuada del verbo to be en presente o en pasado. I [_______] tired today [_______] you happy when you received a present yesterday? My mother [______] very hungry yesterday morning. They [______] very happy last week. John [______] thirsty, he needs to drink some water. Peter [______] at home last Friday S4. Escriba las siguientes frases en pasado. I am hungry ____________________________________________________ They aren’t sad __________________________________________________ Is your sister at home? ____________________________________________ Is your friend in the school? ________________________________________ We are very good friends __________________________________________ Páxina 7 de 19 2.3 El pasado simple 2.3.1 Forma afirmativa I watch a film every night (presente simple). Yo veo una película cada noche. I watched a film yesterday (pasado simple). Vi una película ayer. Watched es el pasado simple del verbo to watch. I / you / he /she / it We / you / they watched El pasado simple se forma añadiendo –ed a los verbos conocidos como regulares, por ejemplo: – Clean cleaned (limpiar). – Wash washed (lavar). – Walk walked (caminar). – Arrive arrived (llegar). – Work worked (trabajar). – Dance danced (bailar). I wash my hair every morning, this morning I washed my hair. My mother worked in a bank for many years. My friends arrived yesterday evening. Los verbos que acaban en y, cambian esta letra por una i y después añaden –ed – Study studied. – Marry married. – Copy copied. Pero la y no se cambia por una i si el verbo acaba en –ay; -ey; -oy; -uy. – Enjoy enjoyed – Stay stayed A veces uno de estos verbos acaba en vocal + consonante, por ejemplo stop. En este caso, antes de añadir –ed, la última consonante se dobla: stopped. Pero esto no ocurre: – Si la palabra acaba en dos consonantes: help helped; work worked. – Si la palabra acaba en dos vocales y una consonante: need needed. – En palabras largas de dos o más sílabas, si la última no está acentuada: happen happened; visit visited. Páxina 8 de 19 Actividades propuestas S5. S6. Escriba las formas que faltan para completar la siguiente tabla. presente pasado presente pasado stay (1) [_______________] (2) [_______________] danced (3) [_______________] worked arrive (4) ....................... (5) [_______________] needed (6) [_______________] happened (7) [_______________] enjoyed visit (8) [_______________] Escriba el pasado simple de los siguientes verbos. Tenga cuidado con la ortografía. La terminación, ¿es –ed, -d, o –ied? ¿Se dobla la consonante + -ed? 1. enjoy _________________ 2. hate _________________ 3. climb _________________ 4. stay _________________ 5. listen _________________ 6. cry _________________ 7. plan _________________ 8. decide _________________ 9. talk _________________ 10. stop _________________ 11. study _________________ Páxina 9 de 19 2.3.2 Forma negativa del pasado simple Forma negativa I You He She didn't work / wash / dance It We You They Para expresar el pasado simple de los verbos en forma negativa, usamos el auxiliar didn’t: Pronombre sujeto + didn’t + verbo I didn’t work yesterday morning. No trabajé ayer por la mañana. She didn’t dance at the wedding. Ella no bailó en la boda. They didn’t wash the car last month. Ellos no lavaron el coche el mes pasado. Actividades propuestas S7. Complete las frases empleando las formas negativas de los siguientes verbos: study, visit, answer. Kevin [_______] his grandmother yesterday, but he phoned her at the hospital. I asked him a question, but he [_______] me. Lisa and Sam [_______] yesterday because their exams finished last week. S8. Complete el texto con la forma en pasado de los verbos indicados. My aunt and uncle were in our town for a visit last weekend. They (1) [_______] (not stay) at our flat – they (2) [_______] (stay) in a hotel in the centre of town. Their room was nice, but my aunt (3) [_______] (not like) the food. She (4) [_______] (visit) us on Saturday, and she and mum (5) [_______] (talk) for the whole afternoon. My uncle (6) [_______] (not want) to sit inside, so he and I (7) [_______] (walk) to the stadium to watch the football. But we (8) [_______] (not have) a very good time because our team (9) [_______] (not play) well and at 3.30 it (10) [_______] (start) to rain. Páxina 10 de 19 S9. Complete el siguiente texto con los verbos del recuadro en forma afirmativa o negativa. Live Not love live marry not live want love want love not want Three friends and a wedding Two years before the wedding, Simon, Dave and Megan were good friends. But they ___didn’t live___ in the same city. Simon and Dave (1) [_______] in London and Megan (2) [_______] in Manchester. After a year, Simon (3) [_______] Megan very much and he (4) [_______] Megan to be his wife. But Megan (5) [_______] Simon, she (6) [_______] Dave. Last weekend, Dave (7) [_______] Megan in a big church in Manchester. They (8) [_______] Simon to come to the wedding. But Simon said he (9) [_______] to see Dave or Megan ever again. Páxina 11 de 19 2.3.3 Forma interrogativa del pasado simple Forma interrogativa I You He She Did work / wash / dance? It We You They Para expresar el pasado simple de los verbos en forma interrogativa, utilizamos siempre el auxiliar did: Did + pronombre sujeto + verbo + ? Did you work yesterday morning? ¿Trabajaste ayer por la mañana? Did she dance at the wedding? ¿Bailó ella en la boda? Did they wash the car last month? ¿Lavaron ellos/as el coche el mes pasado? Actividades propuestas S10. Relacione las dos mitades, uniendo las preguntas y sus respuestas. 1. Did you travel by bus? A. In 1999. 2. Did you like school? B. Maths and Music. 3. Did you play in the school orchestra? C. Yes, I did–but I didn´t like sport. 4. When did you pass your exams? D. No, I travelled by train. 5. What were your favourite subjects? E. Yes, I did. I played the drums. Páxina 12 de 19 3. Vocabulario básico de la unidad Verbos regulares watch ver work trabajar clean limpiar walk caminar wash lavar dance bailar arrive llegar study estudiar copy copiar marry casarse enjoy divertirse stay alojarse help ayudar need necesitar happen suceder visit visitar answer contestar like gustar play jugar start comenzar love amar live vivir want querer hate odiar climb escalar listen escuchar talk hablar cry llorar decide decidir plan planear The weather (el tiempo atmosférico) What’s the weather like? ¿Qué tiempo hace? It’s sunny hace sol It’s hot hace calor It’s cold hace frío It’s raining está lloviendo It’s snowing está nevando Wind viento It’s windy hay viento Storm tormenta Lightning relámpago It’s thundering está tronando It’s freezing está helando Páxina 13 de 19 4. Comprensión escrita Mario is a student from Italy. He was last summer in the USA. He enjoyed the holiday very much. When he was there, he studied the history of the country and he stayed with an American family. He didn’t stay in a hotel because he wanted to practice English. He liked very much the parties and he enjoyed meeting a lot of people but he didn’t like the food. He played baseball but he didn’t play football, his favourite sport. Actividad propuesta S11. Conteste a las preguntas sobre el texto. 1. Where is Mario from? __________________________________ 2. Did he enjoy his holiday? __________________________________ 3. Where did he stay? __________________________________ 4. What did he study in the USA? __________________________________ 5. Did he like the food? __________________________________ 6. What sport did he play? __________________________________ Páxina 14 de 19 5. Autoevaluación 1. When I [______] a child I had a red bike. 2. was was are were wasn’t don’t didn’t enjoy enjoyed enjoys [______] there a bathroom in your flat? 7. were My sister didn’t [______] her birthday party. 6. wasn’t Did you cook lunch yesterday? No, I [______] 5. was Yesterday there [______] a lot of people in the street. 4. were John and Thomas [______] friends in the school. 3. am were is are There [______] a lot of papers on the table. isn’t aren’t wasn’t Páxina 15 de 19 8. Did he [______] the film last week? 9. liked likes like My family [______] in a hotel last summer. stay staied stayed 10. [______] there any fruit in the shop? are is were Páxina 16 de 19 6. Soluciones 6.1 Soluciones a las actividades propuestas S1. 1. was 2. were 3. were 4. were 5.were 6. was 7. was 8. were 9. was S2. 1. was 2. were 3. weren’t 4. was 5. was 6. wasn’t S3. 1. was. 2. Were. 3. was. 4. were. 5. is. 6. was. S4. 1. I was hungry. 2. They weren’t sad 3. Was your sister at home? 4. Was your friend in the school? 5. We were very good friends. Páxina 17 de 19 S5. stayed dance work arrived need happen enjoy visited S6. enjoyed hated climbed stayed listened cried planned decided talked stopped studied S7. 1. didn’t visit. 2. didn’t answer 3. didn’t study S8. 1. didn’t stay 2. stayed 3. didn’t like 4. visited 5. talked 6. didn’t walk 7. walked Páxina 18 de 19 8. didn’t have 9. didn’t play 10. started S9. lived lived loved wanted didn’t love loved married wanted didn’t want S10. 1D 2C 3E 4A 5B S11. From Italy. He enjoyed the holiday very much. He stayed with an American family. He studied the history of the country. No, he didn’t. He played baseball. 6.2 Soluciones al test de autoevaluación 1c. 2b. 3c. 4c. 5a. 6b. 7b. 8c. 9c. 10b. Páxina 19 de 19
