Hacienda Montebello BETULIA, SANTANDER, COLOMBIA Javier Higuera Professor Alfredo Ronchi Valorization of Cultural Heritage July 17th, 2018 Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................3 1.1. 1.1.1. Colombia ...........................................................................................................................................3 1.1.2. Santander .........................................................................................................................................4 1.1.3. Betulia ...............................................................................................................................................5 1.2. 3. 4. Historical / Social Context.........................................................................................................................6 1.2.1. Georg Ernst Heinrich Von Lengerke .................................................................................................6 1.2.2. Hacienda Montebello .......................................................................................................................7 1.3. 2. Geographic context ..................................................................................................................................3 Present Context ........................................................................................................................................8 1.3.1. Topocoro Reservoir ..........................................................................................................................8 1.3.2. Hacienda Montebello .......................................................................................................................9 Project Proposal............................................................................................................................................. 15 2.1. Objectives .............................................................................................................................................. 15 2.2. Project Description ................................................................................................................................ 15 2.2.1. Montebello Hacienda Resort: ........................................................................................................ 15 2.2.2. Coast Level Port: ............................................................................................................................ 22 2.2.3. Museum: ........................................................................................................................................ 23 Benchmarking with Similar Examples............................................................................................................ 24 3.1. Hacienda El Roble .................................................................................................................................. 24 3.2. Hacienda Chichen: Chichén-Itzá, Mexico. ............................................................................................. 25 3.3. Hotel Pietrasanta ................................................................................................................................... 26 Business Plan ................................................................................................................................................. 27 4.1. Initial Investment Estimation ................................................................................................................ 27 4.2. Operational Revenue Estimation........................................................................................................... 27 4.3. Operational Expenses Estimation .......................................................................................................... 28 4.4. Forecasted Free Cash Flow Statement .................................................................................................. 28 5. Sustainability ................................................................................................................................................. 29 6. SWOT Analysis ............................................................................................................................................... 31 7. Risk Analysis................................................................................................................................................... 33 8. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................... 36 1. Introduction 1.1. Geographic context 1.1.1. Colombia Colombia is a sovereign state located in the northwest of South America, with territories also in Central America. Colombia shares borders to the northwest with Panama, to the South with Ecuador and Peru and to the East with Venezuela and Brazil. 1.1.2. Santander Colombia is divided into 32 departments and one capital district (Bogota). Santander is a department of Colombia, located in the central northern part of the country. It is in the central northern part of the country, and borders the east with the Magdalena River, borders to the south and southeast with Boyacá, to the northeast with Norte de Santander Department, to the north with Cesar Department, and to the west with Bolivar and Antioquia Departments. The capital is the city of Bucaramanga. 1.1.3. Betulia Betulia is a municipality in the department of Santander in Colombia. It is in the center - west of the department, about 90 km from the capital, Bucaramanga (1.5-2 hours approximately car). It is bordered by the municipalities of San Vicente de Chucurí (south and west), Zapatoca (south and southeast), and Girón (North and north-east). It includes mountainous and flat lands, having heights that range between 100 and 2100 meters above sea level. 1.2. Historical / Social Context 1.2.1. Georg Ernst Heinrich Von Lengerke Georg Ernst Heinrich Von Lengerke was an engineer, merchant and landowner. He was born on August 31, 1827 in Braunschweig, Germany as part of a very distinct noble family. One day, Von Lengerke got into a dispute with a man over a woman, which ended up in a duel and in the death of his opponent. After killing this man, Von Lengerke had no other choice but to ran away. With the help of family’s friend, the king, he was able to leave Germany towards the virgin lands of America. He arrived in Colombia in 1852, settling down in the state of Santander. Once settled, he began exporting straw jipa hats, tobacco and cigars to Bremen. He started to cultivate, commercialize and export cinchona, dedicating himself to road construction and land development all around Santander. Much of what Santander is today, and in some way Colombia, it is due to the vision and generosity of this man. As part of his legacy for the department, he conceived a region communicated with the Magdalena and with the rest of the country, which would allow it to develop and bring prosperity to all its inhabitants. He achieved this by receiving tenders to build roads, since in many cases the state did not have the capacity to carry out all the necessary infrastructure works, so private industry had to assume the weight of some of these constructions. For over 20 years, Lengerke built many roads, with ability and ingenuity; the first being in 1860, after obtaining a contract with the municipality, between the city of Zapatoca and the point "Naranjito", which later would lose its name and become his Montebello Hacienda. Subsequently, on April 2, 1863, the Secretary General of the Sovereign State of Santander, Mr. Miguel Leonidas Gutiérrez invites any citizen who is able, to build roads in exchange for using them, during a certain period. Lengerke welcomes this invitation by building many different roads around Santander: • • • From Zapatoca to Barrancabermeja; “Cañaverales”, which goes from an intermediate point between Rionegro and the city of Bucaramanga, up to Puerto de Botijas on the Lebrija river From Girón to La Ceiba; Connecting the roads of Sogamoso with Barrancabermeja From Girón to Port of Marta, on the Sogamoso River- where he also built a beautiful bridge of wires- and a bridge over the Suarez River (which until this day it still bears the name of “Lengerke Bridge”). 1.2.2. Hacienda Montebello Georg Ernst Heinrich Von Lengerke property spread over 12,000 hectares all around the department of Santander. His best-known hacienda was “Montebello”, located in today’s town of Betulia, Santander. He and his hacienda became part of the commercial legacy that was born in the villages that cross the second largest canyon in the world: the Chicamocha and wrote a chapter of the memory of progress in this area of the country. 1.3. Present Context 1.3.1. Topocoro Reservoir Taken from: https://www.isagen.com.co/SitioWeb/delegate/documents/our-business/we-generate-energy/usestopocoro-reservoir-presentation.pdf “The Topocoro Reservoir is the new landscape that enhances the department of Santander and it has an area of around 7,000 ha of the Sogamoso Hydroelectric Power Plant. Its watershed is in the municipalities of Santos, Zapatoca, San Vicente de Chucurí, Lebrija, Girón and Betulia, and it is mainly fed by the Sogamoso River” (“Uses of the Topocoro reservoir,” ISAGEN, 2015). After 6 years of construction, the Sogamoso Hydroelectric Power Plant Project was completed in December 2014 and brought along considerable expectations in the region for alternative uses of the reservoir other than power generation. These alternative uses include artisanal fishing, cultural and eco-tourism, water transportation for the communities all having conservation of biodiversity into consideration. The technical study was conducted in stages, and it considered different aspects such as social, legal, environmental restrictions, and technical aspects, in order to establish optimal conditions to identify other uses apart from power generation; 1.3.2. Hacienda Montebello Before the construction of the Sogamoso Hydroelectric Power Plant Project, Montebello was abandoned, and almost falling to pieces; After the construction and opening of the project, the region is now under a boom of eco-tourism and has gathered attention from the whole country. Montebello was part of the project, with several hectares being flooded, which resulted in part of its lands being at coast level; Taking advantage of this new attention and popularity, nowadays, there has been some works done to the property, to maintain it and start to create an ambitious new use for the property and the reservoir; With the massive hydroelectric project, there also came great inversion in terms of roads to the region, to which Montebello found itself largely beneficiated. The main road connecting the two biggest cities in the region (Bucaramanga and Barrancabermeja) has been redesign and will have a reduction in time of more than 20%. As for the specific part of the road that affects Hacienda Montebello, we see that there were two tunnels and 6 bridges constructed along this road which is only 2 minutes away from the Hacienda. Taken from: http://www.expogestion.com.co/Presentacion_Samuel_Prada_Embalse_TOPOCORO.pdf One of the Bridges needed to be cross in the main road towards the Hacienda Montebello Road connecting Montebello with the Main road (2 minute drive). 2. Project Proposal 2.1. Objectives By exploiting its location and heritage, the Hacienda Montebello has a wonderful opportunity to regain the importance and value it once had. Before starting to conceive the project is necessary to establish some clear objectives which need to be achieved with the realization of this project; • Provide the opportunity for friends, families or individuals to experience different entertaining activities and experiences. • Showcase the history of the region, its people and the Hacienda Montebello. • Provide a relaxing and unique experience to interact with nature and history along with top commodities and services. 2.2. Project Description The project will be composed of three main components in line with achieving the three main objectives established; 2.2.1. Montebello Hacienda Resort: The plan for the house of the Hacienda Montebello is to transform it into a Boutique Resort, that will take advantage of its natural picturesque surroundings and provide different services/activities both at land and coast levels. The Resort will be composed of different spaces providing specific services for its guests and outside visitors: ➢ 13 fully conditioned rooms in the main house of the Hacienda, and 5 cottages located around the property: Halls and views of the Main House, where the 13 rooms will be located Possible Cottage design taken from: Hotel Pietrasanta, Guatape Reservoir, Antioquia, Colombia ➢ Nearby Horse Stable: A horse stable, providing different services such as: ➢ Considering the region’s people love and interest for horses, provide the opportunity to rent a space to store and have available your own horse(s), for a specific fee, which will include all the diverse needs and cares of the animal to be healthy, happy, and available for a ride whenever you desire. Possible horse stable design taken from: http://equinesystems.com/products/horse-stalls/durango-horse-stall/ ➢ Provide different horse riding activities and tours for all ages for the visitors who are interested in getting to know the different landscapes available by horse; Pictures of different “Cabalgatas” organized around the Hacienda Montebello. ➢ Restaurant-Bar service: A restaurant opened for both guests and visitors offering different traditional dishes of the Santander region such as Mute, Carne Oreada, Cabro al Horno, Pepitoria and Hormigas Culonas. ➢ Infinity pool: The construction of an infinity pool with view of the reservoir and the whole natural landscape which will provide a breath-taking experience and view for all the visitors. Possible infinity pool design and concept taken from: Hotel Villa Honegg, Switzerland ➢ Other Activities: ✓ Walking paths to explore the massive biodiversity of the region in terms of fauna and flora. Establish different birdwatching tours, fauna and flora recognition and exploring adventures. These are only a few species of the thousands found around the area; Oso hormiguero, Oso perezoso Armadillo, Mico Maicero Venado, Mono Cotudo Rana Verde, Lobito Iguana Verde, Lagarto Jesucristo Gavilan Caminero, Halcon Culebrero Polla Azul, Saltarin Rayado Mielero Verde, Cardenal pico-de-pata 2.2.2. Coast Level Port: A port that will offer guests and visitors different recreational activities such as kayaking, jet ski, boat ride along the reservoir for 8 people, banana boat ride, and fishing activities in the specific zones where is permitted. In the previous zone maps, we see the uses established in the Montebello zone of the Reservoir are specifically Recreation and in some locations fishing. 2.2.3. Museum: The small museum will showcase the history of the Hacienda, with all the different machines and artifacts that are still preserved to this date inside the facilities. It will also show specific information of the history of the entire region, the environmental characteristics of the region and different archeological heritage artifacts found before the inundation done for the Sogamoso Hydroelectric Power Plant Project. 3. Benchmarking with Similar Examples 3.1. Hacienda El Roble Location: Mesa de los Santos, Santander, Colombia. Description: Overlooking the Chicamocha canyon, just an hour from the airport of Bucaramanga, El Roble is in the town of Mesa de Los Santos in Santander, Colombia. This traditional coffee hacienda has been transformed into a beautiful boutique hotel. Main Attractions: Coffee lovers will be delighted; with walks in the plantation and tasting with a specialist, the production process of the precious beverage, from the grain to the cup. 3.2. Hacienda Chichen: Chichén-Itzá, Mexico. Location: Chichén-Itzá, Mexico. Description: This boutique hotel offers a unique nature-wellness vacation and genuine Maya traditions and culture. The ideal location gives you direct access to Chichen Itza archaeological zone with an entrance gate within the hotel's own gardens. Main Attractions: Guests can visit Yucatan at their own pace and comfort. There is the possibility of a visit early morning to the majestic Chichen Itza Maya pyramids and temples walking from the gardens of the hotel directly to the site. 3.3. Hotel Pietrasanta Location: Guatapé Reservoir, Antioquia, Colombia Description: Entering by boat from Guatapé, in the middle of the nature reserve is the Eco Hotel Pietrasanta surrounded by forest and in front of reservoir. Main Attractions: Offers an experience of peace, nature and relaxation where people can enjoy beach, kayaks, rowing boats, fishing, hammock kiosk, game room, ironing tour, massage relaxing and spa, romantic dinners, ecological guided walk. There are 14 cabins available with beautiful reservoir views. 4. Business Plan 4.1. Initial Investment Estimation To realize the Hacienda Montebello Resort Project, a significant initial investment is required in order to develop and construct the different spaces required to provide the services and commodities mentioned before. Hacienda Montebello is currently owned by a family of the region. This family received a significant amount of money for the selling of more than 800ha to ISAGEN for the development of the Sogamoso Hydroelectric Power Plant. Therefore, the resources required for the development of the Hacienda Montebello Resort Project will primarily come from the funds acquired by the selling of this land. The estimation of the value of the different works required was done by consultation with an architect and a civil engineer who have recently work in projects in the region. Initial Investment Activity Required works in the Hacienda's main house and Museum Construction of 5 Cottages Construction of Horse Stable Construction of Infinity Pool Adequation of Hotel and Restaurant Construction of coast level port Adequation of Internal Roads of the Hacienda Purchase of Water Vehicles TOTAL INVESTMENT 4.2. € € € € € € € € € Expenses 142,857.14 114,285.71 40,000.00 34,285.71 28,571.43 34,285.71 28,571.43 42,857.14 465,714.29 Operational Revenue Estimation Hacienda Montebello Resort will generate a series of revenues from the services and activities that it provides to its guests and visitors, and are resumed in the following table; Average REVENUES (monthly) Activity Hotel Revenues Restaurant Revenues Port Activities Revenues Horse Stable Revenues Events and Ceremonies TOTAL REVENUES € € € € € € Revenues 32,400.00 21,400.00 8,000.00 6,571.43 2,857.14 68,371.43 *An occupancy rate of 75% is estimated, with an average price of 80 euros per night. *For the restaurant an estimated of 200 clients during the days of the weekend and an average expenditure of 10 euros. *For the port an estimated of 100 clients during the days of the weekend and an average expenditure of 10 euros. *For the stable, 20 horses will be taken care of, each representing around 230 euros of monthly revenues *The resort is expected to receive 5 events or ceremonies each month. 4.3. Operational Expenses Estimation For Hacienda Montebello Resort to provide all the services and activities, a series of expenses emerged and are resumed in the following table; Average OPEX (monthly) Activity All personnel salaries Hotel Expenses Restaurant Expenses Port Expenses Horse Stable Expenses TOTAL EXPENSES € € € € € € Expenses 5,028.57 25,920.00 17,120.00 6,400.00 5,257.14 59,725.71 *The hotel, restaurant, port and horse stable are expected to generate a profit of 20% of the revenues, so the expenses will be the remaining 80%. 4.4. Forecasted Free Cash Flow Statement To establish if the realization of the project is economically convenient, the calculation of a forecasted free cash flow statement is realized using the information shown in the last tables. Hacienda Montebello Project Initial investment Operational Tx Monthly Revenue Annual Revenue Monthly Expenses Annual Expenses Cost of Capital Hacienda Montebello Project Operating Revenue Operating expenses Depreciation EBIT EBITDA Var CAPEX Operational Tx FCL € 128,162.14 € € € € € 0 € € € € € € 465,714.29 € € (465,714.29) VPN 465,714.29 30.0% 68,371.43 820,457.14 59,725.71 716,708.57 5.0% 1 € 820,457.14 € 716,708.57 € 4,285.71 € 103,748.57 € 108,034.29 € € 31,124.57 € 76,909.71 2 € 820,457.14 € 716,708.57 € 4,285.71 € 103,748.57 € 108,034.29 € € 31,124.57 € 76,909.71 3 € 820,457.14 € 716,708.57 € 4,285.71 € 103,748.57 € 108,034.29 € € 31,124.57 € 76,909.71 4 € 820,457.14 € 716,708.57 € 4,285.71 € 103,748.57 € 108,034.29 € € 31,124.57 € 76,909.71 5 € 820,457.14 € 716,708.57 € 4,285.71 € 103,748.57 € 108,034.29 € € 31,124.57 € 76,909.71 6 € 820,457.14 € 716,708.57 € 4,285.71 € 103,748.57 € 108,034.29 € € 31,124.57 € 76,909.71 7 € 820,457.14 € 716,708.57 € 4,285.71 € 103,748.57 € 108,034.29 € € 31,124.57 € 76,909.71 8 € 820,457.14 € 716,708.57 € 4,285.71 € 103,748.57 € 108,034.29 € € 31,124.57 € 76,909.71 9 € 820,457.14 € 716,708.57 € 4,285.71 € 103,748.57 € 108,034.29 € € 31,124.57 € 76,909.71 10 € 820,457.14 € 716,708.57 € 4,285.71 € 103,748.57 € 108,034.29 € € 31,124.57 € 76,909.71 5. Sustainability Generate a sustainable development that compromises Cultural, Social, Environmental and Economic well-being is a must and a responsibility for the Hacienda Montebello Resort project implementing a responsible tourism approach and promoting the overall heritage of the region. Scheme for Holistic Four Domain Approach taken from Cultural Heritage Counts for Europe ➢ Cultural: Cultural sustainability involves the preservation of cultural beliefs, practices and the whole region’s identity. The creation of the museum will promote the cultural identity of the region and preserved it for future generations. The restaurant will respect the different traditions and ingredients in the preparation of the different typical dishes of the region. Every aspect and intervention done inside the project will consider the cultural roots of the people of the region. ➢ Environmental: The protection and preservation of the environment is a huge part of sustainability in this project. As seen before, the region possesses a huge biodiversity that needs to be respected and protected. For this reason, every intervention needs to have a specific study and planning before been implemented. Some examples of the environmental considerations that will be considered in the project are: ✓ Strictly different specific uses of the reservoir will be respected ✓ Excellent management of waste and recycling programs ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ NO fish farming activities in the reservoir Partnerships with different Universities and Scientific groups to monitor species Ecologically friendly walking paths, respecting the habitats of the distinct species Preservation and protection of the fauna and flora of the region Usage of environmentally friendly construction materials ➢ Economic: The economic sustainability will play a key role in the realization of this project. The Hacienda Montebello Resort Project will generate employment and bring along development to the whole region. The increase of the local GDP, the decrease of unemployment rates in the area and the potential future investments that this project can attract are only some of the benefits that the project will produce. ➢ Social: The Hacienda Montebello Resort project is intended for tourists and the own regions people. The inclusion of the different communities in the region with the project is a necessity. During the preparation stages of the museum, different people from the traditional families and communities of the region will be invited to participate and help to reconstruct and show the history and cultural heritage of the region. With the construction of the Sogamoso Hydroelectric Power Plant, ISAGEN with the agreement of the community, built five schools and improved four more in the municipalities of Betulia, San Vicente de Chucurí, Girón and Lebrija, benefitting 295 students. The Hacienda Montebello will partner up with different schools in the region in order to promote the student’s love and care for the biodiversity of their region with guided tours and adventures. It will response to queries, complaints and requests for the communities, build relationships with local and regional media, and actively participate in the different reunions held by “CORPSOGAMOSO” regarding the correct use of the resources and spaces of the reservoir and the land. 6. SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS • Huge diversified space available, which is suitable for the realization of different activities (More than 500ha available) • The presence of the Topocoro reservoir and the whole Hydroelectric plant project • The security is very high in the zone, to the extent that a fluvial CAI has been built in the Topocoro reservoir • The biodiversity of the ecosystem in terms of fauna, flora and even minerals • Developed infrastructure with the presence of different bridges and tunnels along the main road connecting Bucaramanga and Barrancabermeja which facilitates the connectivity of the Hacienda Montebello with the two largest cities in the region • The high quality of land which is suitable to produce coffee and different tropical and exotic fruits which can be offered to both foreigners and locals • The People of the region, which are known for being hardworking and cheerful • The history of the life of Lengerke, his works in the region, and the Hacienda of Montebello itself • The climate of the region is mild and since there are no seasons the temperature is mostly constant all year round. OPPORTUNITIES • Good business environment, vibrant economy • Increase in tourism in the region thanks to the new access roads constructed previously and the services that the Hacienda Montebello Resort will provide • Take advantage of the name, fame and mystic that the Montebello Hacienda has in the region. • Become one of the main touristic attractions of the region and country • Set an example for future projects in terms of the 4 pillars of sustainability • Opening of research spaces that provide in the environmental, social and economic improvement of the region • Promote the cultural and building heritage of the region • Increasing demand for touristic and accommodation services in the region. • The region’s attention from all around the country because of the construction of the biggest Hydroelectric Plant project to date • Creation of strategic alliances with entities that allow true development for the region WEAKNESSES • • • Considerable high amount of initial investment High dependency of the water levels of the Hydroelectric plant for the coast port Considerable high breakeven point (8 years). THREATS • • • • Increasing competition in the tourism and attractions market in the region Dry seasons Protests by the local population for disagreements with the effects generated and the management given to the project Loss of biodiversity due to fragmentation of ecosystems 7. Risk Analysis Each possible risk is composed of two main components; The likelihood of occurrence and the severity of the impact ounce it occurs. A risk analysis is needed to categorize the different threats exposed in the SWOT analysis that affect the project and this will be done following the template shown below; Taken from: https://www.costumepartyrun.com/photo/more-mindgenius-mind-mapping-software-riskmanagement.html Each threat will be given a value from 1-5 in terms of their Severity and Likelihood to occur in order to be categorized into 5 distinct categories; This categorization process is important to deeply understand each risk and for the proposition and creation viable solutions or mitigation strategies. Risk Increasing competition in the tourism and attractions market in the region Dry seasons Protests by the local population for disagreements with the effects generated and the management given to the project Likelihood 4 3 3 Severity 3 3 4 Category Mitigation / Solution 12 Provide the best service possible, with great treat to all visitors and differentiating from others by delivering a complete engaging experience. 9 12 A dry season can occur during certain years. In terms of water, the reservoir represents a significant help in terms of water supply. The Hacienda Montebello also has an active water well with capacity to extract 1.56 GPM (Gallons per minute) and hold around 60,000 gallons The community should have an active role in the development of the project, for them to feel identified; The partnerships with the different schools in the region and the active involvement in the CORPSOGAMOSO meetings will be some of the activities that will help to build a good relationship with the community. Loss of biodiversity due to fragmentation of ecosystems 4 5 20 Since the development of the project requires different interventions, if these interventions are not done in a correct sustainable way with the necessary precautions, there could be prejudicial effects on the ecosystem. For this reason, the different sustainable environmental approaches listed in the Sustainability chapter need to be strictly followed. 8. Conclusion The Hacienda Montebello Resort Project is a complex, promising project that has the opportunity to produce a positive impact in the region and the whole country. It’s has different unique and special characteristics that makes it able to offer an engaging experience to all its visitors. The availability of a huge diversified space available suitable for the realization of different activities and offer unique experiences; • The opportunity to enjoy a calm, relaxing weekend in the hotel installations taking advantage of all the commodities. • There is the possibility of an adventurous walk along the paths of the Hacienda getting to know the rich fauna and flora of the region. • Take part of an exciting horse riding adventure with friends or getting to know different people, discovering incredible landscapes. • The history it possesses is an attraction to all the curious people out there; The history of the life of Lengerke, his works in the region, and the Hacienda of Montebello itself represents a big and determining part of Santander and therefore in its present. • Enjoy exciting activities in the reservoir such as; Fishing, kayaking, banana riding, boat sightseeing, and many more! Without a doubt the Hacienda Montebello Resort Project has the potential to become an icon in the region known for its incredible environment, adventurous experiences, engaging history, top commodities and top sustainability approaches. References: Costumepartyrun. (2018, May 11). More Mindgenius Mind Mapping Software Risk Management. Retrieved July 10, 2018, from https://www.costumepartyrun.com/photo/more-mindgenius-mind-mapping-software-riskmanagement.html Durango horse stalls. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2018, from http://equinesystems.com/products/horsestalls/durango-horse-stall/ Hacienda Chichen. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2018, from https://www.journeymexico.com/hotel/hacienda-chichen HACIENDA EL ROBLE ORIGIN TRIP. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2018, from https://www.cafemesadelossantos.com/producto/hacienda-el-roble-origin-trip/ Higuera, C. (2014, October). Montebello. Zapatoca, 96, 29-38. ISAGEN. (n.d.). USES OF THE TOPOCORO RESERVOIR. Retrieved July 10, 2018, from https://www.isagen.com.co/SitioWeb/delegate/documents/our-business/we-generate-energy/uses-topocororeservoir-presentation.pdf ISAGEN. (2014). SOGAMOSO HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT. Retrieved July 10, 2018, from https://www.isagen.com.co/SitioWeb/delegate/documents/our-business/we-generate-energy/reportpresenting-results-during-construction-sogamoso.pdf ISAGEN. (2015, October 30). EMBALSE TOPOCORO: Formulacion del Plan de Ordenamiento. Retrieved July 10, 2018. Portal Oficial de Turismo de Santander - Colombia. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2018, from http://visitasantander.co/ Prada, S. (2016, December 1). Embalse Topocoro. Retrieved July 10, 2018, from http://www.expogestion.com.co/Presentacion_Samuel_Prada_Embalse_TOPOCORO.pdf Universidad Industrial de Santander. (2013, November). Aves. Retrieved July 10, 2018, from Universidad Industrial de Santander. (2014, March 24). Anfibios, Reptiles & Mamiferos. Retrieved July 10, 2018, from https://www.isagen.com.co/SitioWeb/delegate/documentos/sostenibilidad/practicas/guia-ilustrada-anfibiosreptiles-mamiferos.pdf Universidad Industrial de Santander. (2014, March 24). Anfibios, Reptiles & Mamiferos. Retrieved July 10, 2018, from https://www.isagen.com.co/SitioWeb/delegate/documentos/sostenibilidad/practicas/guia-ilustradaanfibios-reptiles-mamiferos.pdf