English Grammar in Use: Intermediate Self-Study Textbook

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English
Grammar
in Use
A self-study
reference
and practice
book for
intermediate
students of
English
with answers
THIRD
EDITION
Raymond Murphy
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~ CAM B R ID G E
~ Ul\"IVERS ITY P R ESS
C A M RRI I>G F. UNIVE RS ITY r RE S S
Camb ridge, New York, Melbo urne, Madrid, Cape Tow n. Singapore, SilO Paulo
Cambridge University Press
T he Ed inburgh Building. Cambridge C Bl l RU, UK
www.carob ridge.org
Information o n this tide : ww w.cambridge.o rg/978052 153289 1
o Ca mbridge University Press 2004
This publication is in copyright. Subiecr to statutor y exception
and to the provi sion s of releva nt collective licensing agreements.
no reprod uct ion of an y part rna)' take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2004
7th printing 2005
Printed in Singapore by KHL Print ing Co Pte l td
A c<Jt<Jloglli! reco rd (or tbis publicJliotl is ovaitable from the Bntish UbrJ1)'
ISBN- 13 978 -0-52 1-53289-1 Edition with answers
ISBN- IO 0-52 1-53289-2 Edition with an swers
ISBN· 13 978-0-52 1-53290-7 Edition without answers
ISBN -I O 0-52 1-53290-6 Editio n without answe rs
ISBN- 13 978-0-52 1-$3762 -9 Edirion wit h C D-RO.\ 1
ISBN- to 0-52 1-53 762-2 Editio n with C D- RO~ I
ISBN- 13 978 -0-52 1-843 11-9 Hardback edit ion with C D· RO .\1
ISBN-I O 0-52 1-843 11- 1 Hardback edit ion with CD-RO .\t
ISBN· 13 97 8-3- 12-53 4086-2 Klett edition wit h CD-RO .\ I
ISBN· to 3- 12-53 4086- 1 Klett ed ition with C D- R O ~ t
ISBN- 13 978 -3- 12-53408 4 ·8 Kieft edition
ISBN- IO 3- 12-5 3408 4-5 Klett edition
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•
Contents
T h. mks \-ji
To the student viii
To rhe reac her x
Present .m d p,,1 $[
I Present con tin uous \1 am doing '
.l Present simple (I do :
3 Present continuou s and present simple 1 il am doin g an d I do l
4 Present conn nuo us and presen t simple J (I am doin g and J do l
5 P J, S[ simple II did)
6 Past co n rin uo u-, (I was doing I
Present perfe,-f ,,111,1 p.1St
- Pre-sen t perfect I II hav e do ne )
S
9
10
11
11
Present pe t ie..:t .2 II have do ne}
Present perfect con tinu ou s II han: been doingl
Present perfect co ntinu ous an d simple II have been doin g and I have do ne)
How lon g ha ve ~ ou . been t ... :
For and since When ... ? and How long ... ? .
13 Present perfect JnJ
r .hl
I d hone done and I did ,
14 Present pe rfect and r .ht .! II have d on e an d I d id t
15 Past pe rfect U had done!
16 P.lSI perfect con tinuous il had been doing t
17 H ave gO I a nd have
t S Use d to (d o)
Futu re
19 Present tenses tl am doing I I do l fur the fut ure
20 rl'mt goi ng to (dol
11 " i ll/sha ll 1
" WilllshJ.1I 1
1 3 I will a nd I' m goi ng \0
1 ~ \\'ill be doing ,U1J wi ll ha ve do ne
2. 5 W hen I d o I When I' ve d o ne
When an d if
.\lo.l.lls
2. 6 Can, co uld and rbet abl e 10
Could (d ol an d co uld ha ve tdo net
2. 8 ." ust and ca n't
2 9 .\ 1.1 ~' a nd might I
30 ." .l ~' a nd rnig ht 1
3 1 Ha ve w a nd mu vt
31 .\ l ust mu stn't n...edn't
33 Should I
34 Sho uld 2.
3 5 Had bener
It's time ,. ,
36 Would
J- Can'Could'Wo uld ~ou .. . ? esc. (Req uests. offers. permissio n and invirarionst
-r-
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iii
If ami wish
.l8 If I do •..•md If I did ...
39 If I knew,., I w ish I knew ...
40 If I had known ..• I wish I had kn own ...
4 1 \Vi"h
Passire
42 Passin ' I (is done I was done ]
43 Passin ' 2. (be done I been don e ! being don e )
44 Pas sive 3
45 It is sa id that •.• H e is said to • .•
46 H ave som ething don e
H e is suppo sed to ...
Reported speech
47 Reported speech 1 j He said th at .••)
48 Reported speech 2.
Q ltestioflS •.md .1lIxiliJry ('n bs
4 9 Quest ions 1
50 Questions 2. (Do ) 'O U kn ow w here ... ? I He asked me wh ere •.• )
5 1 Auxili'lr}· verbs Iha ve/dozca n erc. j I think so I I hope so etc.
52 Q uest ion ta gs (do you ? isn't it ? ere.I
-bIg
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
.md the i,,{illiti('e
Verb + -ing (en jo y doing ! stop doing ere.I
Verb + to ••. (decide to . .. ! forget to .•• ere. I
Verb (+ o bject) + to ... (I want ) 'O U to ••• etc. I
Verb + -in g or to
1 (remember/regret etc. ]
Verb + -ing o r to
2. (try/needlh e1p l
Verb + -ing or to
3 (like I wou ld like erc. l
Prefer a nd wou ld ra ther
Preposition (in/for/about ere. I + -ing
Be/get used to someth ing (I'm used to ... )
Verh + preposi tion + -ing (succeed in -ing I accuse som ebod y o f -ing ctc.]
Exp ressio ns + -in g
To ••• • for .. . a nd so t hat •.. (pur pose )
Adjective + to .. .
To ••• (a fraid to do l a nd preposition + -ing (afraid of -ing t
See so mebody do a nd sec so mebody doin g
-ing clauses (Feeling tired, I went to bed e;Hly. f
A rticles JIII/ nouns
69 Cou nta ble and uncountable 1
70 Co unta ble and uncountable 2
7 1 Counta ble nouns with ala n an d som e
72 Alan and the
73 The 1
74 The 2. (schoo l! t he school ere. I
75 The 3 (children I the children !
76 The 4 Ithe giraffe I the teleph on e ! th e piano etc.• the
77 Na mes with a nd wit ho ut the 1
78 Na mes with an d with out th e 2
iv
+
ad iecnve t
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79 S in ~u lJr and plur.ll
80 X oun ... no un (a tenni s ball f .l headache:
8 1 -\ rvour sisler\ nam e! and o f ... (rhe na me o f the book t
Pronouns .l lId det erminers
82. :\l y sdf/~' ours elfJth em seh' es ere.
83 .-\ friend of mine
.\l y own home
On my own f by myself
84 Ther e ... •1Od it .. .
S5 Some a nd .lny
86 X o/non c/a nv
X othing/nobodv etc.
87 :\I uch. man v.H n le. few. a lot. plentv
SS All / .1.11 o f m O\1 / movr o f no / non e of etc
89 Both f both o f
neither f neither o f
either f either of
90 :\ 11. every J.nJ whole
9 1 Each and c u'~
Relati re clauses
92. Relanve cla uses I: clauses with who/t hat/w hich
93 ReI.HiH' cla uses 2.: cla uses with an d without who/ tha t/which
94 Rela nve clauses 3: whose/wh om/wh er e
95 Relative clauses 4: exrra mformanon daus~ ( I I
96 Rela tive cla uses 5: e xtra info rmation clau ses l2.1
9 - -mg an d -ed cla uses rrhe woman talking 10 Tom. [he ~()y injured in the accident '
A J ;ecfU '('S JI1,I .I,/I"('rI'5
98
99
100
10 1
Adle..-nves endin,!: in -ing and -ed (bo ring/bo red ere-.1
Adj ective s: a nice new house. you loo k tired
Adiecnves and adve rbs I {quick/quickly}
Adiec rives .1OJ adve rbs 2. (\H·llJf,H tIl.1Cc. ha rd/hardly}
102. So an d such
10.3 Eno ugh and too
104 Q Uill". prcnv. ra ther .1nJ
105
106
10;
10 8
fa i rl ~"
Co m p.mson I (cheaper. more expensive etc. t
Com pa rison 2. tmc ch bcncr / a n j better / berrcr a nd better / Ihe sooner th e better)
Com pa rison 3 ' 0< •• • 0< I than !
Superlatives uh c longest. the mo st enjoy able erc.!
109 \'('ord o rder I: ver b + ubject: place and time
110 \X'ord order 2. : ad verbs with the verb
I I I Still. ~'e l an d alr eady
112. h en
.-\ny more f any lo nger I no longer
COll lllll~· t i()ll$
11.3
IH
115
116
11118
.lIt.l prepositions
Althou gh I tho ugh I even though In spite of f despite
In C,1 ~e
Unless
As lon g as
Provided/p rovidi ng
As (:\ s I wall ed along the st reet .•. / As I wa s hungr y ... J
Like a nd a ~
.-\ ~ if / .1\ th ough / likc
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v
I 19 Fo r. during a nd whil e
120 By a nd unt il
By th e time ...
Prepositione
12 1 Allon /in (ti me)
122 On time a nd in time
123 In/a t/on (position) I
124 Inla llon [pos ition! 2
125 In/a llon (pos itio n! 3
126
127
128
129
130
13 1
132
133
134
135
136
ToI:nlinlinto
In/a llo n (o ther uses)
By
N oun + preposit io n (reaso n for . ca use of ere. I
Adjecnv e + pr eposit ion 1
Adjecrive + p repos itio n 2
Verh + prepo sition I to a nd a t
Verb + preposit io n 2 aboullfor/oflafter
Ver h + prepo sit io n 3 about a nd o f
Verb + preposition 4 ofI fo r/from/an
Verb + preposition 5 inli ntol withltolon
Pb rasal rerbs
137 Phra sal ve rb s 1
138 Phr a sal ve rb s 2
139 Phr a sal verbs 3
140 Phrasa l ver bs 4
14 1 Phr asal verbs 5
142 Phrasal verbs 6
143 Phrasa l ver bs 7
144 Ph ra sa l ver bs 8
145 Phra sa l ve rbs 9
Appendix 1
Append ix 2
Appe ndix 3
Appe nd ix 4
Append ix 5
Append ix 6
Append ix 7
Study guide
Int roduct ion
in/o ut
o ut
on/off ( Il
on/off (2l
Up/do wn
up ( I)
up (2)
aw ay/back
Regu lar a nd irregular verbs 292
Present a nd past tenses 294
T ht' futu re 29 5
Modal ve rbs (ca nJco uldJwillJwo uld erc.) 296
Sho rr form s (I'm I yo u've J didn't etc. I 297
Spelling 29 8
Amer ican English 300
Addit io na l exerc ises
302
326
Key to Exercises 33 6
Key to Ad ditional e xercises
Key to Stud y gu ide 372
Inde x
At the end an d in th e end
368
373
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Thanks
I wrote the o riginal ed itio n o f English Grammar in Use when J was 3 reacher at the Swan
Schoo l o f English. O xford. I would like to repeat my tha nks to my co lleag ues an d students at
the school for their help. encou ragement and interest at tha t time.
•
.vt ore recentl y I woul d like to than k all the teachers and students I met and who o ffered their
thoughts on the previous edition. It was tun to meet you all and extremely helpful for me.
Rega rding t he prod uctio n of t his th ird edition . I am grate ful [ 0 Alison Sha rpe, Liz Driscoll.
jane \t.J irs and Kamae Design. I would also like to thank Cambridge University Press for
permission to access the Cambridge Intern ation al Co rpus.
Thank you also to the follow ing illustra tors: Paul Fellow s. Gillian \ b n io. Roger Penwill.
Lisa Smith and Simon \'('iIIiams.
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vii
To the student
T his book is fo r students who want help with English gra mmar, It i~ wri tt en tor you to woe
without ,1 reacher,
T he hoo k will be useful for yo u if you are not sure of the answers to q uest ions like t hese:
o What is the difference between J did and I JJJI·c JOlle?
o When do we use u 'ill for the futu re:
o \"'hat is the str ucture after 1 w isb?
o "" hen do we S3 }' used to do a nd when do we say me.' to doing:
o When do we use the?
o What is the difference between like and .IS:
Th ese and many other poi nts o f English grammar are explained in the boo k and the re are
exercises on each po int .
l evel
Th e hook is intended mainly for intermediate students tsrudenrs wh o hav e alr ead y stu d ied t he
basic gram ma r of English), It concentrates on those str uctures wh ich inte rmedia te srudeo rs want
to use. bur whic h often cause difficuhv, Some advanced stude nts who have prob lems wit h
grammar will also find the boo k useful.
Th e hook is
110 1
suitable fur elementary learn ers.
How th e book is organ ised
There are 145 units in the hook . Each unit concent rates on a particula r mint of gra mmar. Some
probl ems (for example, the present perfect or the usc of tbl'l arc covered in mo rt' than o ne unit.
For a list of units. sec the Co ntents at the beginning of rhe book .
Each unit con sists of two feeing pages. O n rhe left there ar e explanat ion s and examples; on the
right there are exercises. At the back of the rook there is a l':ey for you to check yo ur answers
to t he exercises (page 33 6l .
There are also seven Appendices at the back of the hook tpagcs 191- 30 1I. These includ e
irregula r verbs. summaries of verb forms, spelling and America n English.
Finall y. there is a deta iled Index at rhe back o f rhe honk tpage 3731.
How to use the book
T he units arc not in ord er of d ifficulrv, so it is /l 0 1 intended th at you wo rk th rou gh the book
from beginnin g to end. Every learner h .1S different problems an d you shou ld usc th is hook TO
help rou with the gramm ar that )'011 find difficult.
It is suggested rha r you work in t his way:
Use the Ccm /('lIts and/or index to find whic h unit deals with the point vonare interested in.
If you arc not sure whic h units you need to study. usc the Sf/,.i)' gll ;.I.· on page 316.
o Study rhe ex plan anons an d exa mples on the.' Iefr-h.md p.lge (If rhe unit ~'nu h.r ve chosen.
a Do the exerci ses on the right -hand page.
D C heck you r an swers with the Key,
D If your an swers are not correct, study the left-ha nd page again to see what went wrong.
a
a
You can of co urse usc the book simply as a reference hook without doin g the exercises.
VIII
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To the teacher
English Grammar in Use wa s writt en as a self-stu dy gra mmar book , hut teachers may also lind
it useful as additional course mat erial in cases w here further work on grammar is nece ss<uy.
T he hook will probably be most useful at midd le- and uppe r- inter mediate levels (where all o r
nearly a ll of the material will be relevan n. and can serve borh as a ba sis for revisio n and as a
mean s fo r practising new sn ucrures. Ir w ill also he useful fo r some more ad vanced stu dents w ho
ha ve pro blems wit h gra mma r an d need a book for referen ce and pr.rcric-e. The book is nor
intended to he used by elementary lea rners.
Th e units arc orga nised in grammatical catego ries lPresm r .m d past, Articles .111.1 nOlllts.
Prepositions ere.I. They a re nor ordered according to level of difficu lty, so (he hoo k should nor
be wor ked throu gh fro m beginning to end. Irs bo uld be used selecnvelv a nd tle xiblv in
acc ordance with the gra mmar sylla bus bei ng used and the d itticulries srude nrs are ha ving.
The book ca n be used for immediate con solidat ion o r for later revisio n or remed ia l work . It
migh t be used by the whole class or by individ ual stu dents needing extr a help. The lett- han d
pagt"i (explanatio ns and exa mples) are w ritten for the stu de nt to use indi vid uall y, nut they may
of cou rse be used by the teacher as a sou rce of ideas and informa tion on w hich to base a lesson.
The st udent then has rhe left-hand page as a record of whar has bee n ta ught an d can refer to it
in the futu re, The exe rcises ca n be done ind ividuall y, in clJ SS or as homework. Ah e m anvelv
land additionally], individua l st udents can be directed to st udy cert ain units of the book b~"
themselves if t he)' have particular difficulti es nor shared ll)' o ther stude nts in their class. Don 't
forget the Additio"..,1exercises at t he hack o f the nook {see To the srcd en n.
The ht){)k is sold wit h or witho ut a C D Rom. Thi s co ntai ns furt her exercises on all t he units in
the noo k. as well as a bank o f 1.700 test qu estion s from which users ca n select to co mpi le their
own resrs. T he C D Ro m is also availabl e sepa ratel y.
An editi on o f r."glish Gramma r ill Use wit hout the
prefer this for use wit h their students,
10:'-')'
is also available. Some reach ers may
English Grammar in Use Third Edition
T his is a new ed itio n o f b tglish Grammar ill USI'. The differences between this ed ition
and rhe seco nd edition are:
o Th ere Me eight new units on ph rasal verbs (Units 138- 145 1. There i.. a lso
.1 new unit
on w ish (Unit 41 ), Units 42-81 and 83- 137 all have different numbers from the
second edition.
o So me of the ma ter ial has been revised o r reor gani sed. and in mo..( u n irv there are
minor chang es in the exam ples, evplana nons an d exerci..e...
o T he Add itional exercises ha ve been extended . Th e new exerci-esa re 14- 16, 25. 30-3 1.
and .17- 4 1.
o T he book has been redesigned wit h new co lour illuvrranons.
o T here is a new CD Ro m with further exe rcises to accom pany the book.
x
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