4.4.3. Data Collection Instruments The instruments to be used during the development of this Action Research will be observation guides (Appendix 3), checklists (Appendix 4), oral interviews (Appendix 5) and questionnaires. All these instruments will be part of an entire Plan of Action to be developed during the action of the studied, consequently, it will be built based on the indicators included in the operationalization of the variables. The Plan of Action will be set in a matrix in which the different phases of the action will be included. Therefore, in such matrix, each action to be performed, the date, the instruments and resources to be used, the persons in charge of each action, and comments or observations will be established. Nevertheless, before beginning the implementation of the Plan of Action, the researchers should get together with the students, and everybody together will reflect on each of its parts so that everybody agrees on the way each strategy will be developed and if it is according to their likes. All the instruments will be helpful to measure whether the strategies (indicators) are fulfilling the objectives of the study. If they are not, the strategies will be changed by means of reflection. As a matter of fact, other instruments will be designed. 4.4.4. Validation of Data Collection Instruments The indispensable validation process of the data collection instruments previously mentioned will be done within the target population included in this study; no other person’s insights will be asked or included as the target population is the one that will agree or disagree on each of the items to be included in the instruments. The target population will get together and will conduct reflection about how meaningful and accurate the instruments are. If the instruments need any enhancement, they will integrate such enhancement right after having checked them. 4.4.5. Validity and Reliability To assure the proficiency of the instruments previously mentioned, the research team and the students will enforce three types of validity: Baseline Validity, Interpretative Hermeneutics Validity, and Triangulation Validity. The first type – Baseline Validity - will serve to reassure that every element within the instruments is steady and coherent; the Baseline of this study is the basis for all the steps to be followed during the research process. Consequently, the researchers will execute Interpretative Hermeneutics Validity through every reflection which has been carried out up to this point, and every reflection process that will be carried out with students during the whole development of the Action. This type of validity is a prominent way to decode all the qualitative data. Moreover, Triangulation Validity will be used to compare the results gotten from the different tools that will be administered and to compare all the different perspectives about the action taken. Reliability will be comforted by means of the validity of the research; that is, in this type of research, reliability will depend on validity; in other words, if the process is valid, it will also be reliable.
