Intermediate Modeling for BIM STUDENT MANUAL 2015 academy.autodesk.com STUDENT MANUAL Table of Contents Project Overview.......................................................................... 3 Appendix..................................................................................... 27 Design Brief....................................................................... 3 Appendix A Prerequisites...................................................................... 3 Revit keyboard shortcut listing.. .......................................... 27 Learning Objectives. ........................................................... 3 Key Terms.................................................................................... 4 Project Concepts.......................................................................... 6 Module 01 - Area and Space Planning. ................................ 6 Module 02 - Project Phases and Phased Design................... 9 Module 03 - Design Options .............................................. 13 Module 04 - Detailed Design | Construction Documents ..... 15 Module 05 - Detailed Design | Schedules and Quantities .... 18 Module 06 - Digital Fabrication for AEC with Fusion 360 . . .. 21 Project Resources......................................................................... 24 Module 01 - Area and Space Planning . ............................... 24 Module 02 - Project Phases and Phased Design .................. 24 Module 03 - Design Optionss . ............................................ 25 Module 04 - Detailed Design | Construction Documents ..... 25 Module 05 - Detailed Design | Schedules and Quantities..... 26 Module 06 - Digital Fabrication for AEC with Fusion 360 . . .. 26 Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 2 STUDENT MANUAL Project Overview PROJECT BRIEF Intermediate Modeling for Building Information Modeling (BIM) Discover how BIM can provide visualization of space planning to better understand the programmatic relationships of your building design to capture non-graphical data about the project that can be reported in schedules. Next, we look at how BIM manages phased construction and renovations through an organizational construct to represent time known as 4D. Then, we will look at design options which provides an organizational methodology to explore “what-if” scenarios for building design in a singular model construct. Moving on we explore BIM’s abilities to create building documents that are accurate and coordinated. Finally, we explore digital fabrication of architectural building components through Autodesk® Fusion™ 360. SOFTWARE LEARNING OBJECTIVES Autodesk® Revit ® 2015 and higher Autodesk® Fusion™ 360 TIME 11-15 HOURS LEVEL Intermediate PREREQUISITE To build up your software skills for this project refer to the following How-To video series for Revit: • User Interface • File Management and more ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Fundamentals of Architecture 01 Understand how to add meta data to Building Information Modeling spatial model elements for areas and spaces. 02 Develop views of your project that represents time based sequences of a project for either new construction or renovations to existing buildings. 03 Create multiple design options to explore and evaluate different design paths within a singular model for exterior and interior design. 04 Learn effective building documentation techniques for presenting your designs through building sections, wall sections, enlarged details, and schedules. 05 Learn about design processes that support digital fabrication for architectural building components. Module 06 - Building Documentation - Sections and Elevations Module 12 - Building Documentation - Schedules Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 3 STUDENT MANUAL Key Terms - Master Listing *.SAT FILES SAT format captures precise geometry boundary representation data for solids models. *.STL FILES Stereo Lithography file format widely used in fabrication which uses triangular geometry on the Cartesian coordinate system. CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS Documents that communicate all of the building information and construction details required to construct the design. DEMOLISHED The phase status assigned to elements that were created in an earlier phase and demolished in the current phase. 3D PRINTING A process for making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model, typically by laying down many successive thin layers of a material. DESIGN OPTION An alternative design solution for a specific feature or problem. Design options are grouped into option sets. ACTIVE OPTION The design option that you are currently editing. Elements in other options are hidden from view. DETAILING The process of adding layers of information to a project to clearly explain how the proposed design should be constructed. ANNOTATIONS View-specific elements (such as symbols, tags, keynotes, and dimensions) used to add information to the views and describe the elements displayed. DIGITAL FABRICATION Manufacturing process where the machine used is controlled by a computer. AREA PLAN Views that show spatial relationships based on area schemes and levels in your model. You can have multiple area plans for every area scheme and level. EXISTING The phase status assigned to elements that were created in an earlier phase and continues to exist in the current phase. GRAPHIC OVERRIDES A rule that specifies how overridden elements be displayed based on their phase status. BOMA AREA The Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) has defined a set of definitions and area calculation rules that is widely used in the United States by architects, developers, and facilities managers to help standardize the process of officebuilding development. More information on the BOMA standards and calculation rules can be found at www.boma.org. CALCULATED VALUE A parameter whose value is calculated based on a formula that relates other parameters of the same element. CALLOUTS (CALLOUT MARK) Tags referencing related views in a project. GROSS AREA The overall area of a floor or footprint of the building. NEW The phase status assigned to elements that were created in the phase of the current view. OPTION SET A collection of design alternatives that focus on a particular aspect or feature of the design. PARAMETER A data value that describes a property of a building element. Parameters are also commonly called fields. CNC Computer Numerically Controlled – Typically referring to a CnC Router. Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 4 STUDENT MANUAL Key Terms - Master Listing PRIMARY OPTION The currently selected default design option, which is displayed in views by default (where a specific option has notbeen specified). USABLE AREA The area in a plan that is actually usable by clients and tenants. Usable area typically excludes areas taken up by columns, walls, mechanical rooms, and shafts and other nonusable space. PROJECT PHASE A distinct time period in the life of the project. RENTABLE AREA Individual developers and leasing companies can use different standards and rules for computing rentable areas. For example, rentable area can be defined to include all the spaces in a building except egress corridors, vertical transportation, and mechanical spaces. ROOM A defined space in a building, used for a specific purpose and separated from other areas by walls, partitions, or room separation lines. ROOM BOUNDING ELEMENTS A model element that defines a boundary of a room, such as walls, partitions, floors, ceilings, and roofs. SCHEDULE A live view of project elements within the model that can be used to enumerate items, including building objects (walls, doors, windows, and so forth); calculate material quantities or areas and volumes; or list project sheets, text notes, keynotes, and so on. SECTION VIEWS Views that cut vertically through the model and are particularly handy for wall and building sections. TAG A text label for elements such as doors, walls, windows, that displays information about that element in a view. Tags are typically used to provide a reference between objects in a view and a row in a schedule of the building elements. TEMPORARY The phase status assigned to elements that were created and demolished during the current phase. Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 5 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE ONE: AREA AND SPACE PLANNING SOFTWARE COVERED: Autodesk® Revit® 2015 and higher. MODULE ONE LEARNING OBJECTIVES: • Understand the importance of creating area plans that communicate how the project design meets the programmed space requirements for each end-use. • Appreciate the value of using area schedules that calculate gross building total and subtotals. • Appreciate how to create room layouts and schedules to a desired level of detail. • Investigate the ways of adding custom parameters to room objects which are then reported in the room schedules. EXERCISE 1 FINISHED - AREA PLAN EXERCISE 1: DEFINING AND DISPLAYING AREAS AND AREA PLANS Estimated time 10-15 minutes PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE ONE: • Create gross building type area plans with custom area type parameters and color fills. • Generate area schedules with desired fields, formatting, sorting, and grouping. • Display the area plans with legends and schedules on sheets. EXERCISE 2: DEFINING AND DISPLAYING ROOMS AND ROOM PLANS Estimated time 15 -20 minutes PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE TWO: • Add room objects and defining new room object parameter types. • Generate and configure room schedules that group and tally across different parameters. • Display the room plans and schedules on sheets for sharing. Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com EXERCISE 2 FINISHED - ROOM PLAN INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 6 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE ONE: AREA AND SPACE PLANNING CONT’D LESSON OVERVIEW In this lesson, students explore how building modeling tools can be used to the process of area and space planning, which is often one of the first steps in the preliminary design process. They will learn how to: • Understand the importance of creating area plans that communicate how the project design meets the programmed space requirements for each end-use. • Appreciate the value of using area schedules that calculate gross building total and subtotals. • Appreciate how to create room layouts and schedules to a desired level of detail. • Investigate the ways of adding custom parameters to room objects which are then reported in the room schedules. Client requirements for a project are often described in area budgets that allocate square footage targets to specific departments, programs, or functions. Designers typically use these targets as a starting point for a top-down design approach, allocating specific building areas to each of the budgets and tabulating the assignments to confirm that the program needs are being met. This approach enables designers to make high-level design decisions and assess their impact, long before the details of the individual rooms are mapped out. As preliminary design progresses, additional details are added to the building model and the initial area allocations are typically divided into rooms with specific functions and occupancies. As the design matures, area and space planning continues in parallel with the design work to ensure that each iteration of the design continues to meets the client’s needs and requirements. Students will follow this top-down approach to first allocate the total space available within a project into areas allocated to different uses, and then subdivide these areas into rooms with specific types to meet program needs. DEFINING AND DISPLAYING AREAS AND AREA PLANS An area is a subdivision of space within a project model. Areas are typically larger in scale than individual rooms, and area boundaries may or may not coincide with model elements, such as walls. Area plans can help monitor if all of the necessary design objectives are being met during the early conceptual and preliminary design phases, even before the room boundaries and wall have been fixed. For example, designers often use area plans in the programming phase of a project to allocate spaces to meet the budgeted space Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com requirements for each area type. Another common application is to use area plans to show the relationship between the core and circulation spaces in a floor plan. Area plans can be used to calculate the areas allocated to different program requirements and needs using various calculation standards and methods. Some of the commonly used standards for area calculations include: GROSS AREA The overall area of a floor or footprint of the building. RENTABLE AREA Individual developers and leasing companies can use different standards and rules for computing rentable areas. For example, rentable area can be defined to include all the spaces in a building except egress corridors, vertical transportation, and mechanical spaces. USABLE AREA The area in a plan that is actually usable by clients and tenants. Usable area typically excludes areas taken up by columns, walls, mechanical rooms, and shafts and other nonusable space. BOMA AREA The Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) has defined a set of definitions and area calculation rules that is widely used in the United States by architects, developers, and facilities managers to help standardize the process of office building development. More information on the BOMA standards and calculation rules can be found at www.boma.org DEFINING AND DISPLAYING ROOMS AND ROOM PLANS As design progresses, building elements are added to the model that define and bound rooms. These elements typically include roofs, walls, floors, columns, and ceilings, and each of these elements have a property that determines whether it is used to determine the room extents. In open spaces, room separation lines can also be added to a model to create virtual rooms. Designers typically create room objects within these bounding elements, and these room objects can be deleted, modified, and queried like other elements in Autodesk® Revit® products. Rooms automatically compute and report their area and can optionally be set up to also compute their volume. As with most other model elements, tags can be added to rooms to display their properties (such as area or volume) in plan views. Rooms can also appear in INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 7 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE ONE: AREA AND SPACE PLANNING CONT’D schedules to present key values and properties in a convenient tabular form. While rooms are often used by designers for area and space planning, they are also used to provide information needed by other design disciplines. For example, they can be used for building performance analysis and design of mechanical systems. In this application, mechanical engineers use the room-bounding information as a starting point for determining spaces and zones for heating and cooling load analysis. KEY TERMS USED IN THIS LESSON AREA PLAN Views that show spatial relationships based on area schemes and levels in your model. You can have multiple area plans for every area scheme and level. SCHEDULE A tabular display of information, extracted from the properties of the elements in a project. A schedule can list every instance of the type of element being scheduled, or it can collapse multiple instances onto a single row, based on the schedule’s grouping criteria. ROOM A defined space in a building, used for a specific purpose and separated from other areas by walls, partitions, or room separation lines. ROOM BOUNDING ELEMENTS A model element that defines a boundary of a room, such as walls, partitions, floors, ceilings, and roofs. Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 8 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE TWO: PROJECT PHASES AND PHASED DESIGN SOFTWARE COVERED: Autodesk® Revit® 2015 and higher. MODULE TWO LEARNING OBJECTIVES: • Use project phases to organize the information in a building model based on the project phases during which different portions will be constructed. • Use project phases to coordinate the elements in a renovation project and display accurate views of the as-built conditions, demolition work, and proposed new design. EXERCISE 1: PHASED NEW CONSTRUCTION EXERCISE 1 FINISHED - PHASED NEW CONSTRUCTION Estimated time 15-20 minutes PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE ONE: • Enable phases and define the necessary phases for a given project. • Set up phase-specific views with phase filters applied in order to accurately represent the state of project at any given time. • Assign phase properties of model elements to properly represent when each structure will be built relative to the others. • Adjust graphics overrides for phase filters to display as desired. EXERCISE 2: PHASED RENOVATIONS Estimated time 15-20 minutes PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE TWO: • Set up the phase-specific views in order to model construction for a renovation or remodel. • Perform the demolition operations on model elements to make way for the elements in the new construction. • Create model elements that have correctly defined phase parameters. EXERCISE 2 FINISHED - PROPOSED DESIGN FOR RENOVATION Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 9 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE TWO: PROJECT PHASES AND PHASED DESIGN CONT’D LESSON OVERVIEW In this lesson, students will explore how to use the Autodesk® Revit® Architecture software to place and work with the elements that compose a building envelope. They will learn how to: • Model wall types and design features. • Create new wall types and edit their structure. • Place and adjust the properties of doors, windows, and wall openings. • Create roofs with different shapes and slopes MODELING PHASED PROJECTS IN AUTODESK REVIT Phases are distinct, separate time periods or “milestones” within a project. Every project includes at least one phase, and by default, Autodesk® Revit® software defines two phases (named Existing and New Construction) in new projects. The project team can rename these phases or add as many phases as needed to accurately describe the project. All elements in the building model have two properties that control the time periods during which the element is considered to be present—Phase Created and Phase Demolished. In project phases before the Phase Created or after the Phase Demolished, the element is ignored and will not be displayed in model views. The visibility of model elements in any view is determined by a combination of the Phase property for that view and a Phase Filter that determines how elements will be displayed based on their creation and demolition state relative to the current phase. Every element is assigned a status relative to the phase of the current view: • New—If the element was created in the phase of the current view • Existing—If the element was created in an earlier phase and continues to exist in the current phase • • Demolished—If the element was created in an earlier phase and demolished in the current phase Temporary—If the element was created and demolished during the current phase Phase filters control the appearance of elements based this phasebased status by specifying how elements of each status should be displayed: • By Category―The display settings in Visibility and graphics for that view will be used to display any objects in that Phase Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com Status. • Not Displayed―Any object that is that Phase Status will not display in the view. • Overridden―Any object that is that Phase Status will use the Graphic override that is set on the Graphic Overrides tab of the Phases dialog box. This phase information and phase filters are commonly used to create phase-specific views of the building model that present or hide the model elements in a way that is most appropriate for that project phase. The following table illustrates one scheme for using phases and phase filters to create views for specific project uses. Refer to table on page 13. PHASED NEW CONSTRUCTION Many projects consisting of several buildings are designed and constructed using a phased process that divides the work into manageable packages based on the planned construction sequence. For these projects, it is often useful to assign the building model elements to distinct phases so views can be filtered to show the elements relevant to a specific phase. By setting the phase property and phase filters for each model view and schedule, we can control the appearance of building model information and create phase-specific project documentation. This approach simplifies the management of complex building models and assists in the preparation of construction documents by allowing designers to focus on a single phase at a time. PHASED RENOVATIONS Another common design situation in which project phasing can be useful is renovations or retrofits of existing structures. Renovations are typically modeled using two phases: • Existing—which is used to model the existing as-built conditions • New Construction—which is used to model the proposed design Demolition is typically not modeled as a separate phase. Rather, it is better practice to indicate the building elements to be demolished by setting the Phase Demolished property for these elements to the New Construction phase. Demolition plans can then be created by using a phase filter to display and highlight the elements to be demolished. INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 10 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE TWO: PROJECT PHASES AND PHASED DESIGN CONT’D An important consideration to keep in mind while modeling renovation projects is that building elements can only be created or demolished between phases. When only a portion of a building element should be demolished, it is often helpful to split that element into individual parts, so that each segment can be treated separately. TEMPORARY The phase status assigned to elements that were created and demolished during the current phase. Building elements created in prior phases should not be edited, stretched, reshaped, or deleted because these operations will change their appearance in all phases. This limitation mirrors the physical reality of how objects can change between phases—you can typically create new objects and demolish existing ones, but physical elements typically cannot be stretched to a new configuration. KEY TERMS USED IN THIS LESSON PROJECT PHASE A distinct time period in the life of the project. PROJECT FILTER A phase filter is a rule that you apply to a view to control the display of elements based on their phase status. Filters can specify that elements be displayed by category, overridden, or not shown. GRAPHIC OVERRIDE A rule that specifies how overridden elements be displayed based on their phase status. PHASE STATUS The status of each building element relative to the phase specified for the current view. Each phase status typically has a different display style associated with it to make it easy to identify the phase status of the elements in a view. EXISTING The phase status assigned to elements that were created in an earlier phase and continues to exist in the current phase. DEMOLISHED The phase status assigned to elements that were created in an earlier phase and demolished in the current phase. NEW The phase status assigned to elements that were created in the phase of the current view. Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 11 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE TWO: PROJECT PHASES AND PHASED DESIGN CONT’D PHASE AND PHASE FILTER TABLE Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 12 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE THREE: DESIGN OPTIONS SOFTWARE COVERED: Autodesk® Revit® 2015 and higher. MODULE THREE LEARNING OBJECTIVES: • Explore how to define new design option sets and experiment with design. alternatives • Appreciate how to present each design option in separate views. • Understand how to choose a design option as the final solution and discard theother alternatives. EXERCISE 1: USING OPTION SETS TO COMPARE BUILDING ENVELOPE EXERCISE 1 FINISHED - OPTION 2 SHOWN DESIGN ALTERNATIVES Estimated time 10-15 minutes PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE ONE: • Define option sets for the major design decisions and design options within each set. • Copy model elements into design options. • Experiment with design variations, by adding, deleting, or modifying the elements in each design option. EXERCISE 2: USING OPTION SETS TO COMPARE INTERIOR AND ROOM DESIGN ALTERNATIVES Estimated time 15-20 minutes PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE TWO: • Define option sets for the interior design alternatives and creating design options within each set. • Experiment with interior design variations, by adding, deleting, or modifying the elements in each design option. • Accept a chosen design option and discarding the remaining options. EXERCISE 2 FINISHED - OPTION 1 SHOWN EXERCISE 2 FINISHED - OPTION 2 SHOWN Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 13 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE THREE: DESIGN OPTIONS CONT’D LESSON OVERVIEW In this lesson, students explore the process of identifying areas of a project where multiple design options are being considered and a workflow for exploring, evaluating, and presenting those options within a single integrated design model. They will learn how to: • Consider options for the design of an entire building wing. • Compare alternatives for room layouts in a portion of a building. DEFINING OPTION SETS AND OPTIONS WITHIN EACH SET Designers often explore many options and possible alternatives to particular design problems in their quest for the best design solutions. For example, designers might consider several options to: to all model view including schedules. This powerful feature enables design options to be fully evaluated in both graphical and tabular views. For example, one wall schedule can tabulate data for the primary option and another wall schedule can present the revised data for a secondary option. After the design options have been considered and the preferred option has been selected, that option can be accepted as the primary design solution and moved back into the main model. When a design option is accepted, elements in the other design options are removed from the building model to reduce the file size and improve model efficiency. This approach is recommended if you have made a definite design decision and intend to move forward with that decision. Keeping unused and out-of-date options in the project needlessly inflates the file size and adds unwanted complexity. • Fit out and furnishing an interior space • Provide a landmark canopy over the entrance to a building KEY TERMS USED IN THIS LESSON • Articulate the balcony railings on a prominent building facade OPTION SET A collection of design alternatives that focus on a particular aspect or feature of the design. A BIM-based design process enables designers to define key features or areas where sets of design options will be considered and manage the proposed options in the context of the overall design. Designers can define as many options sets as needed to evaluate proposed design alternatives—there is no limit. Rather than maintaining separate models for each of the proposed options, a single model is used to coordinate the design of all options. The main building model includes all the elements that are fixed—that is, not affected by the options being explored—and thus, acts as a backdrop in which the design options can be evaluated. This single model approach ensures consistency as the design progresses and continues to evolve. PRESENTING AND COMPARING DESIGN OPTIONS Separate views are typically created that display each design option in the context of the main model for presentation to the design team, clients, and other stakeholders in the review process. These views can be presented individually or placed on a single sheet for easy comparison. DESIGN OPTION An alternative design solution for a specific feature or problem. Design options are grouped into option sets. ACTIVE OPTION The design option that you are currently editing. Elements in other options are hidden from view. PRIMARY OPTION The currently selected default design option, which is displayed in views by default (where a specific option has not been specified). One of the options in each design option set is assigned to be the primary option or leading candidate among the options being considered. By default, the features of this option are displayed in model views. To easily see and consider additional design options, views can be duplicated and each view can be set to display a specific design option. This ability to display the elements in specific design options extends Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 14 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE FOUR: DETAILED DESIGN CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS SOFTWARE COVERED: Autodesk® Revit® 2015 and higher. MODULE FOUR LEARNING OBJECTIVES: • Explore the many ways we add detail and annotation to our views. • Appreciate what level of detail is appropriate and how to create duplicate versions of views with varying level of details for different audiences. • Understand how to place the views onto sheets, to modify their appearance or scale, and to enhance by adding schedules. • Investigate the automated cross-referencing that occurs between sheets and views. EXERCISE 1 FINISHED - BUILDING SECTION EXERCISE 1: CREATING ANNOTATED SECTION VIEWS Estimated time 10-15 minutes PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE ONE: • Create building sections showing an overview of the interaction between building elements. • Use a building section as a map referencing more detailed views. • Create wall sections to display typical wall assemblies and connections. EXERCISE 2: CREATING DETAILS AND CALLOUTS Estimated time 10-15 minutes PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE TWO: • Use callouts to create detailed model views and adding annotations to these views. • Create drafting views to illustrate standard details and present views independent of the model. • Use callouts to reference drafting views. • Understand how the information presented a view tag is updated as views are placed on sheets. EXERCISE 1 FINISHED - WALL SECTION Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 15 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE FOUR: DETAILED DESIGN CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS CONT’D LESSON OVERVIEW In this lesson, students explore the progressive layering of detail describing the construction of a single wall and its features by creating a building section, drilling down to a wall section, and creating details to illustrate the key connections between the wall and other building elements. The process of detailing is often used to present: EXERCISE 2 FINISHED - MODEL BASED CALLOUT DETAIL • Project information not captured in the building model. • Information that goes beyond the level of detail represented in the building model. • Revisions or corrections needed to clean up the display of model elements. The following annotation categories are often added to model views to transform them into fully functional construction: dimensions, detailing (detail lines, regions, components, revision cloud, and detail group), text, element and view tags, and symbols. Annotations and drafting detail are view-specific and do affect the underlying building model. CREATING ANNOTATED SECTION VIEWS The detailing process often begins by creating section views of the entire building and specific wall assemblies. EXERCISE 2 FINISHED - DRAFTING VIEW CALLOUT DETAIL Building sections often serve as road maps that point the way to related wall sections and connection details. Wall sections typically display the detailed layers in a wall assembly and how they connect to other building elements. Since these section views are automatically updated when changes are made to model elements, internal consistency of the model views is ensured. The BIM methodology can save a great deal of time otherwise spent cross-referencing changes and looking for consistency errors that are typical in paper-based workflows. CREATING DETAILS AND CALLOUTS Detail views are typically added to a set of construction documents to present information at a larger scale or a finer level of detail needed to accurately understand specific elements and connections between elements. Although detailing can be a tedious process, it is an essential step in converting designs into realizable construction documents. EXERCISE 2 FINISHED - SHEET S3 - WALL DETAILS Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com Details bridge the gap between design and construction, conveying crucial information to the builders and contractors about how a design should be built. While it would be unrealistic to try to model INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 16 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE FOUR: DETAILED DESIGN CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS CONT’D every single construction detail in 3D, details enable design professionals to quickly convey practical assembly information in an easily shared 2D form. Using Autodesk® Revit® software, details can be created in two ways: • • Detailed Model Views display the actual building model geometry at a larger scale. Detailed model views are created by adding callouts or section cuts to other views. Drafting Views can be generated from scratch, independent of the building model, or by importing an image or CAD detail as a starting point. It is common practice to incorporate details from product manufacturers or even standard details from an office library in the project drawings. Drafting views provide a convenient vehicle for including this model independent information into the project. References to details can be placed on larger-scale views using view tags, such as callout tags or section tags. These callouts and section tags provide markers that lead to the detail views and increase the coherence and usability of the document sets by pointing users from one view to other related views. Therefore, we should plan our use of views and callout or section tags to provide a logical sequence moving from large-scale view to greater levels of detail. KEY TERMS USED IN THIS LESSON CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS Documents that communicate all of the building information and construction details required to construct the design. DETAILING The process of adding layers of information to a project to clearly explain how the proposed design should be constructed. ANNOTATIONS View-specific elements (such as symbols, tags, keynotes, and dimensions) used to add information to the views and describe the elements displayed. CALLOUTS (CALLOUT MARK) Tags referencing related views in a project. SECTION VIEWS Views that cut vertically through the model and areparticularly handy for wall and building sections. VIEW TAGS View tags (such as elevation tags, section tags, and callout tags) provide pointers to related views in two ways: • Double-clicking a view tag opens the referenced view in a manner similar to a hyperlink. • Information about where a view has been placed on sheets is displayed in the view tag. The tag shows both the sheet number and the view number relative to that sheet. View tags are dynamically updated to show the proper sheet number and view number as views are placed or moved between sheets. This real-time coordination prevents errors in cross-referencing, thus creating more reliable documents and saving costly rework. Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 17 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE FIVE: DETAILED DESIGN - SCHEDULES AND QUANTITIES SOFTWARE COVERED: Autodesk® Revit® 2015 and higher. MODULE FIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES: • Explore the application of schedule configuration rules to create schedules to meet various audiences and information needs. • Understand how to use the completed schedule to edit the model through BIM’s bidirectional information flow. • Appreciate the value of adding custom information to model elements, thus making our model “smarter,” in ways that can enable schedules to host and be the basis for useful engineering calculations. • Explore various modes of exporting the schedules to be shared and used by other team members. EXERCISE 1: CREATING AND PRESENTING MODEL SCHEDULES Estimated time 15-20 minutes EXERCISE 1 FINISHED - SORTING / GROUPING SETTINGS PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE ONE: • Create schedules of model elements such as doors, windows, roofs, walls, curtain walls, furniture objects, and so on. • Configure schedules by changing their fields, sorting logic, grouping, and format. • Place schedules into printable sheets either alone or with appropriate graphical displays. • Export the schedules in common formats, such as delimited text files, which can be used in Microsoft® Excel®. EXERCISE 2: ENHANCING AND ADDING INFORMATION TO SCHEDULES Estimated time 15-20 minutes PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE TWO: • Add parameters to building elements to capture additional design information needed for analysis. • Define new parameters as calculated values. • Use formulas to compute values based on other parameters. EXERCISE 1 FINISHED - FLOOR SCHEDULE Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 18 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE FIVE: DETAILED DESIGN - SCHEDULES AND QUANTITIES CONT’D Since Revit software products create a database of the elements, building a schedule is similar to creating a database query. Schedules should be formatted to meet the needs of the end-user, whether they are engineers, designers, clients, or code officials. Schedules are often placed on sheets either alone or accompanied by the corresponding model view. Finally, schedules can be exported to many formats, including delimited text files compatible with spreadsheet software and database formats. ENHANCING AND ADDING INFORMATION TO SCHEDULES By adding information, or “intelligence,” to schedules, we optimize the workflow and maximize the utility of the building model. In this way, enhanced schedules can be the basis of analysis for many goals of project. EXERCISE 2 FINISHED - CURTAIN PANEL SCHEDULE LESSON OVERVIEW In this lesson, students explore ways to create tabular views called schedules and summarize information about the building elements through groupings, sorting, and calculating values. One of the key benefits of the BIM workflow is the ability to manage not only the drawings, but also the tabular information in the project database. With BIM, users can dynamically generate and update schedules of building elements to support many purposes, including to: • Improve the visibility and predictability of costs and material quantities. • Facilitate construction management tasks, such as cost estimating and procurement. • Summarize building performance and LEED certification data. Since the information flow in Autodesk® Revit® products is bidirectional, the data from changes in the model flows automatically into the schedule, and changes in the schedule automatically flow back into the model. The model data can be edited through our schedules, and this technique should be used when it is easier or more efficient than doing so selecting and changing elements in graphical model views. CREATING AND PRESENTING MODELS THROUGH SCHEDULES Since model elements store all information about their physical properties, we can add information fields or parameters to model element type―for example, type mark, size, material, fire rating, and any other custom data fields we need. These parameters can be either user entered, such as text fields, or calculated values that depend on other parameters. Adding calculated values to schedules helps avoid errors and unnecessary time spent performing manual calculations. A simple example of a calculated value formula would be a width parameter set to equal twice the height of an object. In practice, formulas can be used in many ways, both simple and sophisticated. For example, formulas can be used to: • Calculate area or volume of geometry. • Create a clearance dimension parameter controlled by element size. • Convert continuously variable values into integer values. • Add shelves as the height of casework increases. • Add diagonals in an open web joist as the length increases. FORMULA GUIDELINES You can adapt existing component families to model objects with Formulas support the following arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, logarithms, and square roots. Formulas also support the following trigonometric functions: sine, cosine, tangent, arcsine, arccosine, and arctangent. A schedule presents a tabular view of the project data, which can be filtered, grouped, and formatted to fit your needs. Schedules can list every instance of the building elements or collapse multiple instances into single rows, based on the schedule’s grouping criteria. Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 19 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE FIVE: DETAILED DESIGN - SCHEDULES AND QUANTITIES CONT’D Addition: + Division: / Square root: Tangent: tan Arccosine: Arcsine: asin e raised to acos sqrt: sqrt(16) Subtraction: - Exponentiation: Sine: sin ^: x^y, x raised to the power of y Multiplication: * Logarithm: log an x power: exp Cosine: cos Arctangent: KEY TERMS USED IN THIS LESSON SCHEDULE A live view of project elements within the model that can be used to enumerate items, including building objects (walls, doors, windows, and so forth); calculate material quantities or areas and volumes; or list project sheets, text notes, keynotes, and so on. TAG A text label for elements such as doors, walls, windows, that displays information about that element in a view. Tags are typically used to provide a reference between objects in a view and a row in a schedule of the building elements. Absolute Value: abs atan You can enter integers, decimals, and fractional values in formulas, using normal mathematical syntax, as shown in the examples below: Length = Height + Width + sqrt(Height*Width) Length = Wall 1 (11000mm) + Wall 2 (15000mm) PARAMETER A data value that describes a property of a building element. Parameters are also commonly called fields. CALCULATED VALUE A parameter whose value is calculated based on a formula that relates other parameters of the same element. Area = Length (500mm) * Width (300mm) Volume = Length (500mm) * Width (300mm) * Height (800 mm) Width = 100m * cos(angle) x = 2*abs(a) + abs(b/2) ArrayNum = Length/Spacing Lastly, we can even introduce conditional statements to our schedules. A conditional statement uses the following structure: IF (<condition>, <result-if-true>, <result-if-false>). And it means that the values entered for the parameter depends on whether the condition is satisfied (true) or not satisfied (false). Conditional statements can contain numeric values, numeric parameter names, and Yes/No parameters. You can use the following comparisons in a condition: <, >, =. You can also use Boolean operators with a conditional statement: AND, OR, NOT. Currently, <= and >= are not implemented. To express such a comparison, we can use a logical NOT. For example, a<=b can be entered as NOT(a>b). The following are sample formulas that use conditional statements. Simple IF: =IF (Length < 3000mm, 200mm, 300mm) IF with a text parameter: =IF (Length > 35’, “String1”, “String2”) IF with logical AND: =IF ( AND (x = 1 , y = 2), 8 , 3 ) IF with logical OR: =IF ( OR ( A = 1 , B = 3 ) , 8 , 3 ) Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 20 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE SIX: DIGITAL FABRICATION FOR AEC WITH AUTODESK FUSION 360 SOFTWARE COVERED: • Working with precision. Autodesk® Fusion 360™ • Convert 2D sketch to a solid body. Autodesk® Meshmixer • Adding features to a solid body. MODULE SIX LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EXERCISE 5: 2D OUTPUTS: RENDERINGS AND DRAWINGS • Understand digital fabrication methods Estimated time 15-20 minutes • Learn how to make a fabrication ready model using Autodesk® Fusion 360™ PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE FIVE EXERCISE 1: FACADE CONCEPT OVERVIEW Estimated time 10 minutes PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE ONE: • Explore the concept logic for the design of a movable shade structure for an architectural building facade. • Create a cloud rendering. • Create ray traced renderings. • Create 2D drawings and sheets. EXERCISE 6: 3D OUTPUTS: MANUFACTURING Estimated time 20-30 minutes EXERCISE 2: FUSION 360 INTERFACE OVERVIEW PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE SIX: Estimated time 15-20 minutes • Use CAM for subtractive manufacturing. PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE TWO: • Create a toolpath from design. • Get a high-level look at the Autodesk Fusion 360 interface for modeling activities. • Perform a CAM simulation. • Use 3D printing for additive manufacturing. Explore the concepts behind the design of a facade shading system pivot arm. • Create a STL file. • Intro to Autodesk Meshmixer. • EXERCISE 3: CREATING A DIGITAL MODEL Estimated time 10-15 minutes PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE THREE: • Explore modeling workflows for developing a 3D model in Fusion 360. • • EXERCISE 7: OUTPUT TO AUTODESK REVIT Estimated time 20-30 minutes PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE SIX: • Export Fusion model to Revit. Introduction to sculpting environment. • Create a SAT file. Introduction to solid modeling environment. • Import SAT file into a Revit family. • Add parameters to model in Revit family. • Create a nested Revit family. • Parametrically control pivot arm assembly inside Revit project environment. EXERCISE 4: CREATING A DIGITAL MODEL STEP BY STEP Estimated time 45-60 minutes PROJECT STEPS IN EXERCISE FOUR: • Introduction to solid modeling basics. • Introduction to sculpt modeling basics. • Introduction to modeling timeline. • Create a 2D sketch of pivot arm. Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 21 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE SIX: DIGITAL FABRICATION FOR AEC WITH AUTODESK FUSION 360 CONT’D EXERCISE 4 FINISHED EXERCISE 6 FINISHED - CNC TOOLPATHS EXERCISE 5 FINISHED - RENDERINGS EXERCISE 6 FINISHED - 3D PRINTING EXERCISE 5 FINISHED - DRAWINGS EXERCISE 7 FINISHED Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 22 STUDENT MANUAL Project Concepts MODULE SIX: DIGITAL FABRICATION FOR AEC WITH AUTODESK FUSION 360 CONT’D LESSON OVERVIEW KEY TERMS USED IN THIS LESSON In this lesson, students explore the tools available in the Autodesk® Fusion 360™ software to create a shading system support bracket using an industrial design tool. Students will learn how to: DIGITAL FABRICATION Manufacturing process where the machine used is controlled by a computer. • Create 2D sketches. • Create 3D models from those 2D sketches using sculpting tools. • Document the 3D model with orthographic views. • Prepare the 3D model for digital fabrication. DIGITAL FABRICATION FOR AEC The design world is currently involved in a major shift. Advances in fabrication such as additive and subtractive manufacturing have made it possible to produce new forms that until recently were impossible to build. Previously, a modern designer was concerned about selecting pre-determined components from industry and composing them into a singular design. For example, a brick was 4”x4”x8”, a block was 8”x8”x16” and a sheet of plywood was 4’x8’x1/2” thick. These components would be assembled to create the desired pragmatic and aesthetic outcome. Innovation was often founded in finding new ways to assemble the given modules. However, with the advent of new manufacturing techniques, the modular rules of the recent past are beginning to melt away. Now, more than ever, if someone can imagine a form and design a form, they can also create that form. 3D PRINTING A process for making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model, typically by laying down many successive thin layers of a material. CNC Computer Numerically Controlled – Typically referring to a CnC Router. SAT FILES SAT format captures precise geometry boundary representation data for solids models. STL FILES Stereo Lithography file format widely used in fabrication which uses triangular geometry on the Cartesian coordinate system.. In addition, these new fabrication techniques break down traditional barriers between the designer and the fabricator or builder. In the recent past, designers would imagine a design, document it in two dimensions, and then send the documentation to the fabricator or builder where it would be interpreted and constructed. This process involved drifting back and forth between 2D and 3D and between analog and digital. This process can now be greatly streamlined. Designers and fabricators can now both work digitally and in 3D throughout the entire project. This collaborative, digital effort has the fringe benefit of preventing errors of translation. It also can give improved final outcomes as designers, engineers and fabricators each add value to the product as it moves through production rather than the previous model of conflict as a design was handed off at project milestones. Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 23 STUDENT MANUAL PROJECT RESOURCES MODULE 01 AREAS AND SPACE PLANNING Imperial Module01Ex01_Areas and Area Plans_Imperial_Start.rvt Module01Ex02_Rooms and Room Plans_Imperial_Start.rvt DATASETS Metric Module01Ex01_Areas and Area Plans_Metric_Start.rvt Module01Ex02_Rooms and Room Plans_Metric_Start.rvt SOFTWARE TUTORIAL STEP BY STEP GUIDE Module01Ex01_Defining and Displaying Areas and Area Plans_INT_video.mp4 Module01Ex02_Defining and Displaying Rooms and Room Plans_INT_video.mp4 None. Use software tutorials. MODULE 02 PHASED PROJECT DESIGN Imperial Module02Ex01_Phased New Construction_Imperial_Start.rvt Module02Ex02_Phased Renovations_Imperial_Start.rvt DATASETS Metric Module02Ex01_Phased New Construction_Metric_Start.rvt Module02Ex02_Phased Renovations_Metric_Start.rvt SOFTWARE TUTORIAL STEP BY STEP GUIDE Module02Ex01_Phased New Construction_video.mp4 Module02Ex02_Phased Renovations_video.mp4 None. Use software tutorials. Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 24 STUDENT MANUAL PROJECT RESOURCES MODULE 03 DESIGN OPTIONS Imperial Module03Ex01_Option Sets for Building Envelope_Imperial_Start.rvt Module03Ex02_Option Sets for Interior Design_Imperial_Start.rvt DATASETS Metric Module03Ex01_Option Sets for Building Envelope_Metric_Start.rvt Module03Ex02_Option Sets for Interior Design_Metric_Start.rvt SOFTWARE TUTORIAL STEP BY STEP GUIDE Module03Ex01_Using Option Sets to Compare Building Envelope Design Alternatives_ video.mp4 Module03Ex02_Using Option Sets to Compare Interior and Room Design Alternatives_ video.mp4 None. Use software tutorials. MODULE 04 DETAILED DESIGN - CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS Imperial Module04Ex01_Creating Annotated Section Views_Imperial_Start.rvt Module04Ex02_Creating Details and Callouts_Imperial_Start.rvt Manufacturer_Window_Head_Detail_Imperial.dwg Manufacturer_Window_Sill_Detail_Imperial.dwg DATASETS Metric Module04Ex01_Creating Annotated Section Views_Metric_Start.rvt Module04Ex02_Creating Details and Callouts_Metric_Start.rvt Manufacturer_Window_Head_Detail_Metric.dwg Manufacturer_Window_Sill_Detail_Metric.dwg Module04Ex01_Creating Details and Callouts part 1_INT.mp4 Module04Ex01_Creating Details and Callouts part 2_INT.mp4 SOFTWARE TUTORIAL Module04Ex02_Creating Annotated Section Views part 1_INT.mp4 Module04Ex02_Creating Annotated Section Views part 2_INT.mp4 Module04Ex02_Creating Annotated Section Views part 3_INT.mp4 Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 25 STUDENT MANUAL PROJECT RESOURCES MODULE 04 DETAILED DESIGN - CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS STEP BY STEP GUIDE None. Use software tutorials. MODULE 05 DETAILED DESIGN - SCHEDULES AND QUANTITIES Imperial Module05Ex01_Creating Schedules_Imperial_Start.rvt Module05Ex02_Adding Information to Schedules_Imperial_Start.rvt DATASETS Metric Module05Ex01_Creating Schedules_Metric_Start.rvt Module05Ex02_Adding Information to Schedules_Metric_Start.rvt SOFTWARE TUTORIALS STEP BY STEP GUIDE Module05Ex01_Creating and Presenting Model Schedules_INT.mp4 Module05Ex02_Enhancing and Adding Information to Schedules_INT.mp4 None. Use software tutorials. MODULE 06 DIGITAL FABRICATION WITH FUSION 360 Panel Family.rfa Pivot Angle.rfa DATASETS Pivot Arm Assembly.rfa Pivot Arm.rfa Pivot Arm.sat Pivot Facade Study.rvt Module06Ex01_Facade Concept Overview_INT.mp4 Module06Ex02_Fusion360 User Interface Overview_INT.mp4 Module06Ex03_Creating a digital model in Fusion360 Overview_INT.mp4 SOFTWARE TUTORIALS Module06Ex04_Creating a digital model in Fusion360 Step by Step_INT.mp4 Module06Ex05_2D Outputs_Renderings and Drawings_INT.mp4 Module06Ex06_3D Outputs_Manufacturing_INT.mp4 Module06Ex07_Export to Revit_INT.mp4 STEP BY STEP GUIDE None. Use software tutorials. Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 26 STUDENT MANUAL Appendix A REVIT KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS COMMAND SHORTCUT VIEW CONTROL COMMAND SHORTCUT EDIT HIDDEN LINE HL ARRAY AR SHADING WITH EDGES SD COPY CO VISIBILITY / GRAPHICS VG DELETE DE VIEW PROPERTIES VP GROUP GP WIRE FRAME WF LOCK OBJECTS LO ZOOM ALL TO FIT ZA MODIFY MD PREVIOUS SCROLL ZOOM ZC MIRROR MM ZOOM TO FIT ZX MOVE MV ZOOM OUT (2X) ZV PROPERTIES PR ZOOM IN REGION ZZ ROTATE RO REFRESH WINDOW F5 DRAFTING SNAP OVERRIDES DIMENSION DI ENDPOINT SE DETAIL LINES DL HORIZONTAL / VERTICAL SC SPOT ELEVATION EL INTERSECTION SI GRID GR MIDPOINT SM LEVEL LL NEAREST SN REFERENCE PLANE RP SNAPS OFF SO ROOM TAG RT PERPENDICULAR SP TEXT TX QUADRANTS SQ TAG TG SNAP TO REMOTE SR TOOLS STANDARD SNAPPING SS ALIGN AL TANGENT ST LINEWORK LW WORK PLANE GRID SW OFFSET OF PAINT PT MODELING WALL WA SPLIT FACE SF WINDOW WN SPLIT WALL AND LINES SL DOOR DR TRIM AND EXTEND TR COMPONENT CM MODELING LINES Autodesk Design Academy | academy.autodesk.com LI INTERMEDIATE MODELING FOR BIM p. 27
