Caídas en el Anciano

KWWSZZZHOSUDFWLFDQWHJDOHRQFRP
&$Ë'$6(1(/$1&,$12
0DUWtQH]6DEDWHU$
0LOYDTXHV)DXV/
'(&OtQLFD*HULiWULFD(O&DVWLOOR
5HVXPHQ
/DVFDtGDVVRQXQSUREOHPDLPSRUWDQWHHQODWHUFHUDHGDGSRUODVUHSHUFXVLRQHVVREUHOD
FDOLGDGGHYLGDTXHYDDWHQHUHQHODQFLDQR\HQVXIDPLOLD(QHVWHWUDEDMRSUHWHQGHPRV
KDFHUXQUHSDVRVREUHORVIDFWRUHVGHULHVJR\ODVSULQFLSDOHVFRQVHFXHQFLDVTXHYDQD
WHQHUODVFDtGDV
3$/$%5$6&/$9( &DtGDV)DFWRUHVGHULHVJR3ROLIDUPDFLD
,1752'8&&,Ï1
/DVFDtGDVFRQVWLWX\HQXQRGHORVVtQGURPHVJHULiWULFRVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVSRUODHOHYDGD
LQFLGHQFLDHQHVWHVHFWRUGHODSREODFLyQ\VREUHWRGRSRUODVUHSHUFXVLRQHVTXHYDD
SURYRFDUHQODFDOLGDGGHYLGD WDQWRGHODQFLDQRFRPRGHOFXLGDGRU+D\TXHWHQHUHQ
FXHQWDTXHXQWHUFLRGHODVSHUVRQDVPD\RUHVGHDxRVVXIUHQXQDFDtGDDQXDO
HOHYDQGRVHHVWDIUHFXHQFLDKDVWDHOSRUFLHQGHORVDQFLDQRVPD\RUHVGHDxRV(Q
ORVDQFLDQRVLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DGRVGDGDVODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHHVWHJUXSRDXPHQWRGH
GHPHQFLDV\RWUDVDOWHUDFLRQHVSOXULSDWRORJtDODLQFLGHQFLDDOFDQ]DHOSRUFLHQ
DQXDO8QGDWRFDUDFWHUtVWLFRUHVSHFWRDODLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DFLyQHVTXHXQDOWRSRUFHQWDMH
YLHQHFRQGLFLRQDGRSRUXQDFDtGDSUHYLDGHODQFLDQR
)$&725(6'(5,(6*2'(/$6&$Ë'$6
/DFDtGDVHGHILQHFRPRXQDSUHFLSLWDFLyQDOVXHORUHSHQWLQDLQYROXQWDULDH
LQVRVSHFKDGDFRQRVLQOHVLyQVHFXQGDULDFRQILUPDGDSRUHOSDFLHQWHRXQWHVWLJR
&XDOTXLHUSHUVRQDSUHVHQWDHOULHVJRGHVXIULUXQDFDtGDSHURHVHOJUXSRGHORV
DQFLDQRVHQHOTXHODLQFLGHQFLDHVPD\RU/RVIDFWRUHVGHULHVJRSDUDVXIULUXQDFDtGDVH
FODVLILFDQHQLQWULQVHFRVRSURSLRVGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODSHUVRQD\H[WUtQVHFRVR
DPELHQWDOHV
)DFWRUHVLQWUtQVHFRV
$,QHVWDELOLGDG'HQWURGHORVFDPELRVSURSLRVGHOSURFHVRGHOHQYHMHFLPLHQWRVH
SURGXFHXQGHWHULRURHQGRVPHFDQLVPRVLPSUHVFLQGLEOHVSDUDODELSHGHVWDFLRQ\OD
PDUFKDHVWDEOHFRPRVRQHOPDQWHQLPLHQWRGHOHTXLOLEULR\ODFDSDFLGDGGHUHVSXHVWD
UiSLGD\HIHFWLYDDQWHVXSpUGLGD(ODQFLDQRSUHVHQWDLQHVWDELOLGDGSRVWXUDOFDPELRVHQ
ODPDUFKDSDVRVPiVFRUWRVGLVPLQXFLyQGHODH[FXUVLyQGHFDGHUD\WRELOORDXPHQWD
ODVHSDUDFLyQGHODVSXQWDVGHORVSLHVSDUDDVtDXPHQWDUODEDVHGHVXVWHQWDFLyQ
DXPHQWDHOSHULRGRGHODWHQFLD\UHVSXHVWDUHIOHMRPRWRUDLQFRQVWDQWHDQWHORVFDPELRV
SRVWXUDOHV(VGHFLUHODQFLDQRSUHVHQWDPiVGLILFXOWDGSDUDPDQWHQHUODHVWDELOLGDG
PHFiQLFDDOUHGHGRUGHODOtQHDGHJUDYHGDGTXHHVSHUWXUEDGDSRUHOPRYLPLHQWR\
WLHQHQPiVGLILFXOWDGSDUDJHQHUDUPDQLREUDVSRVWXUDOHVUHIOHMDVFRUUHFWRUDV
$GHPiVGHODVDOWHUDFLRQHVGHELGDVDOHQYHMHFLPLHQWRQRUPDOODDSDULFLyQGH
GHWHUPLQDGDVHQIHUPHGDGHVTXHSURYRFDQDOWHUDFLRQHVHQODPDUFKDFRPRLQIDUWRV
FHUEUDOHVHQIHUPHGDGGH3DUNLQVRQGHILFLHQFLDVVHQVRULDOHVHWFDXPHQWDOD
LQHVWDELOLGDG
% $OWHUDFLRQHVYLVXDOHVDXGLWLYDV\YHVWLEXODUHV(VWtSLFRHQORVJUXSRVGHHGDG
DYDQ]DGDODDSDULFLyQGHSDWRORJtDVHQORVVLVWHPDVYHVWLEXODU\GHYLVLyQFDWDUDWDV
HPSHRUDPLHQWRGHODDJXGH]DYLVXDOWROHUDQFLDDODOX]\DGDSWDFLyQDODRVFXULGDG
KLSRDFXVLDVDQJLRHVFOHURVLVHWFTXHYDQDSURYRFDUXQDDOWHUDFLyQHQODFDSDFLGDGGH
RULHQWDFLyQGHXQRPLVPRFRQUHVSHFWRDORVREMHWRVGHOHQWRUQR
',5(&&,Ï1'(/$&$Ë'$
)WH7RPDGRGHO(VWXGLR,&$5(
&3UHVHQFLDGHGHWHUPLQDGDVSDWRORJtDVFUyQLFDV(QODSREODFLyQDQFLDQD\PD\RUOD
LQFLGHQFLDFXDQWRPD\RUVHDODSHUVRQDHVPX\IUHFXHQWHODDSDULFLyQGHXQDRYDULDV
SDWRORJtDVFUyQLFDVTXHSHUVHVRQIDFWRUGHULHVJRSUHGLVSRQHQWHSDUDODDSDULFLyQGH
FDtGDV3DWRORJtDVQHXUROyJLFDVFRPRODHQIHUPHGDGGH3DUNLQVRQODV'HPHQFLDV\
HQIHUPHGDGFHUHEURYDVFXODUSDWRORJtDVFDUGLRYDVFXODUHVFRPRODKLSRWHQVLyQ
DUULWPLDVLQVXILFLHQFLDFDUGtDFD\ORVVtQFRSHV\SDWRORJtDVPXVFXORHVTXHOpWLFDVFRPR
ODRVWHRDUWULWLVGHIRUPLGDGHVGHORVSLHVRVWHRSRURVLVIUDFWXUDVHWFPXFKDVYHFHV
DSDUHFHQFRPELQDGDVHQORVDQFLDQRVKHFKRTXHSURYRFDXQULHVJRSDUDVXIULUXQD
FDtGD
'(QIHUPHGDGHVDJXGDVFRPRGHVKLGUDWDFLyQDQHPLDVFXDGURVIHEULOHVHWFYDQD
VHURWURIDFWRUGHULHVJRLPSRUWDQWHHQODSURGXFFLyQGHFDtGDV
()iUPDFRV8QIDFWRUSURGXFWRUGHFDtGDVHQHODQFLDQRHVHOXVRGHIiUPDFRV/RV
IiUPDFRVPiVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQODLQFLGHQFLDVGHFDtGDVVRQVHGDQWHVHKLSQyWLFRV
DQWLKLSHUWHQVLYRVSXHGHQLQIOXLUSRUSURGXFLUKLSRWHQVLyQSRVWXUDORGLVPLQXFLyQGHO
IOXMRVDQJXtQHRFHUHEUDOGLXUpWLFRVSRUHOULHVJRGH SURGXFLUKLSRWHQVLyQHWF
8QDOWRSRUFHQWDMHGHDQFLDQRVWRPDQPHGLFDPHQWRVGLDULDPHQWH\ODPD\RUSDUWHGH
HOORVSUHVHQWDQXQDLQJHVWDGHGRVRPiVPHGLFDPHQWRVDOGtD7RPDQGRHQFXHQWDOD
PHGLFDFLyLQFUyQLFDGH
+D\TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDTXHQRHVLQIUHFXHQWHHQODSREODFLyQDQFLDQDHOPDO
FXPSOLPLHQWRGHODGRVLVFRQIXVLyQHQWUHORVGLIHUHQWHVIiUPDFRV\ODDXWRPHGLFDFLyQ
QRUPDOPHQWHSRUFRQVHMRVGHFRPSDxHURV\YHFLQRV(VWRMXQWRFRQODSUXULSDWRORJtD
\ODSROLIDUPDFLDVXSRQHTXHODVUHDFFLRQHVDGYHUVDVHQWUHPHGLFDPHQWRVVHDQPiV
IUHFXHQWHVHQORVDQFLDQRV\DXPHQWHQHOULHVJRGHFDtGD
)DFWRUHVH[WUtQVHFRV
/RVIDFWRUHVH[WUtQVHFRVVHGHULYDQGHODDFWLYLGDGRGHOHQWRUQR5HVSHFWRDOD
DFWLYLGDGODPD\RUtDGHODVFDtGDVVXFHGHQPLHQWUDVVHUHDOL]DQDFWLYLGDGHVXVXDOHV8Q
SHTXHxRSRUFHQWDMHWLHQHQOXJDUPLHQWUDVHODQFLDQRUHDOL]DDFWLYLGDGHVSHOLJURVDV
FRPRVXELUVHDXQDVLOODHWF&DEHGHVWDFDUTXHXQDDFWLYLGDGSRWHQFLDOPHQWHSHOLJURVD
HVEDMDUHVFDOHUDVPiVTXHVXELUODVVLHQGRHVWHOXJDUGRQGHRFXUUHQHOGHODV
FDtGDV(VUHVHxDEOHTXHHOULHVJRGLVPLQX\HHQDTXHOORVDQFLDQRVTXHVXEHQ\EDMDQ
HVFDOHUDVFRQUHJXODULGDG
5HVSHFWRDOHQWRUQRHOHVWXGLR,&$5(DQDOL]DHOOXJDUGHSURGXFFLyQGHODVFDtGDV
DSUHFLDQGRVHTXHHOPD\RUSRUFHQWDMHVHGDHQHOGRPLFLOLR\FRQXQDPHQRUIUHFXHQFLD
HQODFDOOH\HQOXJDUHVS~EOLFRVLQWHULRUHV\H[WHULRUHV
&RPRREVHUYDPRVHVODYLYLHQGDXQOXJDU³SHOLJURVR´(QFRPSDUDFLyQFRQORVFHQWURV
JHULiWULFRVHVGLILFLOHQFRQWUDUXQGRPLFLOLRFRUUHFWDPHQWHDGDSWDGR/DH[LVWHQFLDGH
VXHORVLUUHJXODUHVRFRQGHVQLYHOHVODIDOWDGHXQDLOXPLQDFLyQDGHFXDGDHVFDOHUDVVLQ
SDVDPDQRVQLGHVFDQVLOORRFRQHVFDORQHVPX\DOWRV\FXDUWRVGHEDxRFRQODYDERV\
UHWUHWHVPX\EDMRVVLQEDUUDVHQGXFKDV\DVHRVHWFVRQIDFWRUHVTXHYDQDDXPHQWDUHO
ULHVJRGHSURGXFLUXQDFDtGDHQHODQFLDQR
5HVSHFWRDODPELHQWHH[WHULRUDOGRPLFLOLRODH[LVWHQFLDGHPXOWLWXGGHREVWiFXORV\
GHVQLYHOHVHQODVDFHUDVFRPRORVERODUGRVSDSHOHUDVHWFODPDODFRQVHUYDFLyQGHO
SDYLPHQWRRODLQVXILFLHQWHDOWXUDGHEDQFRVHWFDQLYHOGHODFDOOHRVXHORVPX\
HQFHUDGRV\UHVEDODGL]RVODDXVHQFLDGHVXSHUILFLHVDQWLGHVOL]DQWHVHQHVFDOHUDVR
UDPSDVHQOXJDUHVS~EOLFRVYDQDLQFUHPHQWDUHVHULHVJR\DSRUVtDOWRTXHSUHVHQWDQORV
DQFLDQRVDFDHU
&216(&8(1&,$6'(/$6&$Ë'$6
&XDQGRVHSURGXFHXQDFDtGDYDQDDSDUHFHUXQDVFRQVHFXHQFLDVHQHODQFLDQRQRVROR
ILVLFDVVLQRWDPELpQDQLYHOSVLFROyJLFR\VRFLDO
$QLYHOItVLFRODVFRQVHFXHQFLDVPiVJUDYHVYDQDVHUODVIUDFWXUDV ODVPiVFRPXQHV
HQHODQFLDQRVRQODIUDFWXUDGH&ROOHV\ODIUDFWXUDGHODDUWLFXODFLyQFR[RIHPRUDO
DXQTXHQRODV~QLFDVOHVLRQHVGHORVWHMLGRVEODQGRVHWF5HVSHFWRDODIUDFWXUDKD\
TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDTXHYDDVHUXQIDFWRUGHPRUWDOLGDGLPSRUWDQWHVHJ~Q079LGiQ
$VWL]³ODWDVDGHPRUWDOLGDGHQWUHORVHQIHUPRVTXHKDQVXIULGRXQDIUDFWXUDGHFDGHUD
HVGHOPiVDOWDTXHHQWUHDTXHOORVGHLJXDOHGDG\VH[RTXHQRODKDQVXIULGR´
VLHQGRWDPELpQLPSRUWDQWHYDDVHUXQDFDXVDGHLQFDSDFLGDGItVLFD\DTXHXQDOWR
SRUFHQWDMHGHHQIHUPRVTXHVXIUHQXQDIUDFWXUDQRYDQDUHFXSHUDUHOQLYHOIXQFLRQDOTXH
WHQtDQDQWHV$GHPiVH[LVWHQODVFRQVHFXHQFLDVLQGLUHFWDVGHODLQPRYLOLGDGDXPHQWR
GHOULHVJRGHSUHVHQWDUWURPERHPEROLVPRSXOPRQDU~OFHUDVSRUSUHVLyQHWF
&RQVHFXHQFLDVDQLYHOSVtTXLFR\VRFLDO/DSULQFLSDOFRQVHFXHQFLDDQLYHOSVLFROyJLFR
HVHOVtQGURPHSRVWFDtGD)XQGDPHQWDOPHQWHVHWUDWDGHFDPELRVHQHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWR
\DFWLWXGHVGHODSHUVRQDTXHKDVXIULGRXQDFDtGD\HQVXIDPLOLD(VWRYDDSURYRFDU
XQDGLVPLQXFLyQHQODPRYLOLGDG\SpUGLGDGHODVFDSDFLGDGHVSDUDUHDOL]DUODV
DFWLYLGDGHVEiVLFDVHLQVWUXPHQWDOHVGHODYLGDGLDULDSULPHURSRUHOGRORUSRUODV
FRQWXVLRQHVTXHDFW~DFRPRHOHPHQWROLPLWDQWHGHODPRYLOLGDG\SRVWHULRUPHQWHSRUOD
DQVLHGDG\HOPLHGRDSUHVHQWDUXQDQXHYDFDtGD5HVSHFWRDODIDPLOLDWUDVHOSULPHU
HSLVRGLRGHFDtGDVXHOHDFWXDUVREUHSURWHJLHQGRDODQFLDQRDXPHQWDQGRODSpUGLGDGH
PRYLOLGDGGHODQFLDQR(VWDUHVWULFFLyQGHODPRYLOLGDGYDDDXPHQWDUODGHSHQGHQFLD
SDUDODV$9'\XQDPD\RUGHSHQGHQFLDKHFKRTXHYDDSURYRFDUHQPXFKRVFDVRVOD
LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DFLyQGHODQFLDQR
38172'(,03$&72
)WH7RPDGRGHO(VWXGLR,&$5(
&21&/86,Ï1
/DVFDtGDVVRQSRUVXLQFLGHQFLD\JUDYHGDGXQSUREOHPDLPSRUWDQWHVREUHWRGRSRUTXH
YDDDIHFWDUDODFDOLGDGGHYLGDGHQXHVWURVDQFLDQRV\TXHHQXQJUDQQ~PHURGHFDVRV
YDQDSURYRFDUXQDXPHQWRGHODGHSHQGHQFLD\QHFHVLGDGGHD\XGDLQFOXVRSDUDODV
DFWLYLGDGHVEiVLFDV+HPRVGHHVWDUFRQFLHQFLDGRVTXHHQXQQ~PHURHOHYDGRGHFDVRV
ODVFDtGDVVRQHYLWDEOHVFRQWURODQGRODPHGLFDFLyQ\DGYLUWLHQGRDODQFLDQRTXHQRGHEH
DXWRPHGLFDUVHPDQWHQLHQGRXQFRQWUROVREUHODVSDWRORJtDV\GpILFLWVHWFLQVWUX\HQGR
VREUHODVDGDSWDFLRQHVQHFHVDULDVDQLYHOGHODYLYLHQGDHLQVWLWXFLRQHVHWF
/8*$5'(/$6&$Ë'$6
)WH7RPDGRGHO(VWXGLR,&$5(
&,7$6
9,'$1$67,=07 ,QHVWDELOLGDG\FDtGDV (Q*HULDWUtD(G85,$&+0DGULG
9(//$6%)$,6$17&/$848(66(8'(,+/0%$80*$571(55
HWDO³(VWXGLR,&$5(LQYHVWLJDFLyQGHODFDtGDDFFLGHQWDO(VWXGLR(SLGHPLROyJLFR´
(Q³7UDVWRUQRVGHODSRVWXUD\ULHVJRVGHFDtGD(G*ORVD%DUFHORQD