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l]oao `a h] nace j) l]n] ik`ebe_]n h] ]_pq]h oepq]_e j `ah rkpk aha_pkn]h) ]oqie`] lkn `eolkoe_e j
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naola_pk ] h] rkp]_e j k^hec]pkne] l]n] _]i^e]nh] lkn qj afan_e_ek `a rkp]_e j `a _]n _pan b]_qhp]perk) `a
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hk _nak h] ieoi] mqa `]p] `ao`a ah ] k /--3 u mqa na_eajpaiajpa ]dkn] aj h]o aha__ekjao lnkcn]i]`]o
l]n] ah -2 k_pq^na `a /-.1) oa ailav]n ] eilhaiajp]n ] l]ok iqu hajpk) lkn hk mqa `a^aiko pki]n
_kj_eaj_e] aha_pkn]h u _kiajv]n ] eilhaiajp]nh] `ao_ajpn]hev]`]iajpa u jk _ajpn]heop]iajpa) _kik ao
ah _]ok mqa aj okh]iajpa oeapa `eopnepko `a Jei] oa aba_pq]n ah rkpk aha_pn je_k) oej d]^an pki]`k aj
_qajp] ] h]o _]lep]hao `a kpn]o Pacekjao `ah ejpanekn `ah N]o8 _kiajv]n ] lnal]n]njko l]n] h]o aha__ekjao
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beja ) sde_d eo ej_kjoeopajp oej_a rkpejc eo ] necdp ]j` ]o oq_d odkqh` d]ra pda lksan pk `a_e`a pda b]_p
atan_eoa ep kn jkp) ]o ej kpdan _kqjpneao ej pda nacekj pk _d]jca pda _qnnajpoepq]pekj kb pda aha_pkn]h rkpa )
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Ch rkpk jk `a^a oan k^hec]pknek aj h]o aha__ekjao iqje_el]hao je
nacekj]hao) `a^a oan he^na+ Ch ahacen ao qj `ana_dk) u _kik `ana_dk
j]`ea jko lqa`a k^hec]n ] pki]n `a_eoekjao mqa qjk jk mqeana
na]hev]nh]o+ Qe oa hkcn] ah rkpk b]_qhp]perk k he^na) h]o `a_eoekjao aj
`apaniej]`]o aha__ekjao lkhpe_]o oa pki]n]j `a i]jan]
lh]jebe_]`]) _kjo_eajpa a ejbkni]`]+ ?dkn] oa `] qj rkpk ]l pe_k)
`a lnkpaop]) jk lh]ja]`k je lnkua_p]`k) `a^e`k ] mqa oa ]_q`a ]
h]o qnj]o ikre`k lkn qj] lnaoe j) lkn qj] _k]__e j ]il]n]`] lkn
h] hau+ Jko aba_pko `ah `ana_dk `a oqbn]cek `a^an] oan _kik ah
i]pneikjek) pk`ko pajaiko `ana_dk ] _]o]njko) lank jk aop]iko
k^hec]`ko ] d]_anhk+ Cj hko hpeiko lnk_aoko aha_pkn]hao bqa are`ajpa
qj `ao_kjpajpk fqopebe_]`k) u] mqa oa bqa aj _kjpn] `ah `ana_dk ]h
aol]n_eieajpk) ] n]v j `a mqa pki iq_dk peailk en ] oqbn]c]n u
]`ai o aiepen ah rkpk+ K o ]qj oe oa pki] aj _qajp] hko `aba_pko
`a hko ]_pknao lkhpe_ko mqeajao jk _knnaolkj`aj ] h]o atla_p]per]o
`ah aha_pkn]`k `a qj] i]jan] pe_] oejk i o ^eaj iqaopn]j
_kj`q_p]o ]heja]`]o ] h] _knnql_e j u ajnemqa_eieajpk ej`a^e`k+
Nkn kpnk h]`k) `a^aiko ik`ebe_]n aop] _qaope j mqa cajan]
`ebe_qhp]`ao lkn ah rkpk k^hec]pknek aj ah aha_pkn]`k) ] pn]r o `a qj]
hau ik`ebe_]pkne] `a nabkni] _kjopepq_ekj]h aj ah ]np_qhk 0. `a h]
Akjopepq_e j Nkhpe_] `ah Cop]`k) mqa _]i^ea h] k^hec]pknea`]` `a
rkp]n) lkn h] kl_e j b]_qhp]per] `a d]_anhk lkn l]npa `a _]`] aha_pkn)
]o_kik aj kpnko l]oao `a Qq`]i ne_]+
?_kn`a ] aopk) oa aj_qajpn] jqaopn] kleje j ] mqa oa eilhaiajpa
`a qj] i]jan] i]o ]_ahan]`] u abe_]v h] afa_q_e j ST [P ATh Cr
*0-0)$ `dT STbPaa^[[P [P R^\_[T\T]cPRX~] ST[e^c^ T[TRca~]XR^
u] mqa aop]iko rereaj`k qj] lk_] `a h] pa_jkhkc] `ah i]o ]hpk
jerah u _kik p]h) `a^aiko ^ajabe_e]n ]h l]o `a h]o ^kj`]`ao `ah
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rkpk aha_pn je_k aj _q]jpk ] h] ia_ je_] `a rkp]_e j mqa lnaoajp])
_ebn]o u naoqhp]`ko ejia`e]pko aj hko lnk_aoko aha_pkn]hao8 u ]o
_kjopepqenhk _kik qj] b]_pkn ik`anjk mqa bknp]ha_a u nabqanv] hk
mqa dku aj `] oa `ajkiej] h] `aik_n]_e] ik`anj]+
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J] Mbe_ej] L]_ekj]h `a Nnk_aoko Cha_pkn]hao) u] `ao`a ajpao rejk
]lhe_]j`k) aj h]o aha__ekjao l]n] ]qpkne`]`ao `a hko l]npe`ko
lkhpe_ko) ah rkpk aha_pn je_k+ J]o knc]jev]_ekjao ^ajabe_e]`]o _kj
aop] ik`]he`]` aha_pkn]h okj7 ?__e j Nklqh]n) Qkiko Nan ) Nan
Nkoe^ha) N]npe`k Nklqh]n Aneope]jk u na_eajpaiajpa ah N]npe`k
L]_ekj]heop] Nanq]jk+
Cj hko hpeiko ] ko ah rkpk aha_pn je_k aop bqj_ekj]j`k aj `eranoko
l]oao) jk okhk l]n] ahacen ]qpkne`]`ao l]npe`]ne]o) oejk p]i^e j ]
_]j`e`]pko l]n] _]ncko l ^he_ko u aj ah i^epk `a aha__ekjao
cajan]hao+ Ba aop] i]jan] oa ahecaj lnaoe`ajpao) _kjcnaoeop]o)
]qpkne`]`ao ba`an]hao) nacekj]hao u hk_]hao+ A]`] rav i o aop]
ik`]he`]` aha_pkn]h aop c]j]j`k pannajk) hk mqa oecjebe_] mqa) aj
qj bqpqnk ejia`e]pk) lk`n] naailh]v]n ] h] rkp]_e j pn]`e_ekj]h+
Nkn ah ikiajpk) ateopa qj] _ki^ej]_e j `a ]i^]o+
Ch rkpk aha_pn je_k oa afan_e lkn lneian] rav aj Cop]`ko Sje`ko)
`kj`a ateopaj `ko ik`]he`]`ao aj mqa oa `eopejcqaj h] eilknp]j_e]
mqa ha kpknc]j ] h] l]npe_el]_e j aha_pkn]h7 Rda Cha_pnkje_ Rksj
Kqpejc u Rda Cha_pnkje_ Aepu F]hh+ Ch lneiank lkja jb]oeo aj ah
]_pk aha_pkn]h i o `a pelk nabnaj`]nek u lha^eo_ep]nek+ Ch oacqj`k
kpknc] i]ukn eilknp]j_e] ] hko ikiajpko lnareko `a ejbkni]_e j u
`ahe^an]_e j ok^na pai]o `a ejpan o l ^he_k+
Cj ?i ne_] J]pej]) ah l]o `kj`a oa ]lhe_] ah rkpk aha_pn je_k _kj
i]ukn bna_qaj_e] u ] ao_]h] j]_ekj]h ao @n]oeh+ Nkn aok ao iqu
eilknp]jpa l]n] h] `aik_n]_e] aj ah Nan mqa oa na_qnn] ]h rkpk
aha_pn je_k+ Qej ai^]nck) pk`]r] jko b]hp] ejop]h]n p _je_]o
aha_pn je_]o mqa aopeiqhaj h] l]npe_el]_e j ] pn]r o `a h]
`ahe^an]_e j+ Ch je_k _]ok mqa oa _kjk_a bqa ah lh]j lehkpk `a Tehh]
Ch Q]hr]`kn na]hev]`k aj .663) `qn]jpa h] ]h_]h`] `a Ke_dah?v_qap])
mqa ao lekjank aj ?i ne_] J]pej]) u aj aop] hpei] aha__e j l]n]
lnaoe`ajpao `a nace j u ]h_]h`ao /-.1) aj oeapa `eopnepko `a Jei]
Cj qj ejpanao]jpa ejbknia `a h] MLNC) mqa oecqa hko aop j`]nao `a
h] Da`an]h Cha_pekj Akiieoekj) oa `e_a mqa ah rkpk aha_pn je_k ao
aj _q]jpk oeopai] `a rkp]_e j qj] _ki^ej]_e j `a amqelko
ia_ je_ko) aha_pnkia_ je_ko k aha_pn je_ko) mqa ej_hquaj ah
okbps]na namqane`k l]n] lnkcn]i]n) _kjpnkh]n u ]lku]n ah amqelk
mqa oa qo] l]n] `abejen h]o l]lahap]o `a rkp]_e j) l]n] na_e^en u
_kjp]n rkpko8 l]n] nalknp]n u `aolhac]n ejbkni]_e j `a ]q`epkn]+
Sj oeopai] `a rkp]_e j p]i^e j lqa`a ej_hqen h] pn]joieoe j `a hko
naoqhp]`ko ok^na na`ao `a paha_kiqje_]_ekjao +
?oeieoik) oa ]h] h]o rajp]f]o `a h] ]lhe_]_e j `ah rkpk aha_pn je_k
aj ah Nan ) _kik qpehev]n pa_jkhkc] mqa b]_ehepa h] aieoe j `ah rkpk
_eq`]`]jk) ej_naiajp]n h] l]npe_el]_e j _eq`]`]j]) aheiej]n hko
rkpko jqhko u re_e]`ko mqa ah `] -4 `a `e_eai^na aj h] oacqj`]
rqahp] l]n] lnaoe`ajpao `ah ck^eanjk nacekj]h ] jerah `a h] nace j
`a Nqjk ao `a `a u] lnak_ql]jpa ah ]_ahan]`k ej_naiajpk mqa nabhaf
ah rkpk jqhk k re_e]`k `]j`k _kik naoqhp]`k qj pkp]h `a 33)-13 u
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lkn kpnk h]`k ah j iank pkp]h `a rkpko aj ^h]j_k mqa `ek qj pkp]h `a
2)43-) `a hko naoqhp]`ko kbe_e]hao ]h .--# lkn h] M+L+N+C+ Ch rkpk
aha_pn je_k laniepen] na`q_en h]o lkoe^ehe`]`ao `a bn]q`a aj h] iao]
`a rkp]_e j) `eoiejqen ah peailk u annknao aj ah ao_nqpejek) na`q_en h]
_]jpe`]` `a iao]o `a aha_pknao u _ajpnk `a rkp]_e j) na`q_en hko
_kopko aj h] knc]jev]_e j u afa_q_e j `a hko lnk_aoko aha_pkn]hao ]
ia`e]jk lh]vk+
F]_a ^eaj h] M+L+N+C+ aj `ebqj`en u ]lhe_]n ah rkpk aha_pn je_k) ]o
_kik hk devk aj h] _eq`]` h]_qopna `a Nqjk ah `] /6 `a ]^neh `ah
] k /--6) _kjbknia ] h] ejbkni]_e j ^nej`]`] lkn ah `e]nek hko ?j`ao
`a Nqjk) _qu] _]l]_ep]_e j bqa _knnaolkj`e`] lkn h] lk^h]_e j _kj
qj] i]oer] l]npe_el]_e j lkn l]npa `a h] lk^h]_e j lqja ]) l]n]
ejbkni]noa naola_pk `ah ia_]jeoik u ^ajabe_eko mqa jko ^nej`] ah
rkpk aha_pn je_k+
Qan l]np_ela `ah `ao]nnkhhk a_kj ie_k) ok_e]h u _qhpqn]h lank ]h
i]ncaj `ah Cop]`k
Sj] `a h]o i o oaran]o _npe_]o mqa d] na_e^e`k h] Akjopepq_e j `a
.660) pqrk oq knecaj aj ah na_knpa oqop]jperk `a hko `ana_dko
a_kj ie_ko u ok_e]hao _kjo]cn]`ko aj h] `ankc]`] A]np] Nkhpe_]
`a .646+ Nank lkn kpnk h]`k) u bnajpa ] aopk jk _]^a `q`]) h]
ej_knlkn]_e j `a ]hcqj]o ejopepq_ekjao lnkle]o `a h] `aik_n]_e]
oaie`ena_p] aj ah kn`aj]ieajpk _kjopepq_ekj]h oecjebe_ h] ]ilhe]_e j
`a lkoe^ehe`]`ao l]n] h] l]npe_el]_e j lkhpe_] `ah lqa^hk+?`ebanaj_e]
`a h] Akjopepq_e j `a .646) mqa bqa _nepe_]`] lkn heiep]n ] h]
`aik_n]_e] je_]iajpa ]h i^epk nalnaoajp]perk u aha__ekj]nek) ah
Ratpk Akjopepq_ekj]h recajpa) aj aopa oajpe`k) oa lqa`a ]beni]n mqa
o]r]jv +
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Pz^b' ;b UPRd[cPcXe^ STb_dxb ST TbP TSPSjs+
Ch `ana_dk `ah _eq`]`]jk ] l]npe_el]n aj _q]jpk ieai^nk `a qj]
_kiqje`]` lkhpe_] dqj`a oqo n]_ao aj ah lnej_elek `a ok^an]j]
lklqh]n mqa jqaopnk lnklek Ratpk Akjopepq_ekj]h nacqh] aj oq ]np_qhk
12+
@e`]npA]ilko) _q]j`k d]_a nabanaj_e] ]h `ana_dk `a l]npe_el]_e j
aj h] re`] lkhpe_] `ah l]o mqa peaja pk`k _eq`]`]jk) atlnao] mqa
]beni]n mqa ah oan dqi]jk ao ah lnkp]ckjeop] `a pk`] _h]oa `a
l]npe_el]_e j oecjebe_] na_kjk_anhk _kik l]npa `a ]hck) lkn hk mqa ha
_knnaolkj`a ]oeieoik pki]n u na_e^en oq l]npa `a ]mqahhk aj hk mqa
l]npe_el] + Ch p niejk l]npe_el]n ao qj rk_]^hk mqa oa lnaop] ]
i hpelhao ]_al_ekjao+ Lkokpnko) _kj ah lnkl oepk `a `abeje`k)
je_ ]iajpa pki]naiko a j _qajp] hko _q]pnk _kj_a lpko
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