PORTADA CIJ IMPUNIDAD.indd

Comisión Internacional de Juristas
ICJ – CIJ
33, rue des Bains
Casilla Postal 91
1211 Ginebra 8
Suiza
ISBN 978-92-9037-130-7
Guía para Profesionales No. 3
La presente Guía para Profesionales sistematiza los
principios jurídicos internacionales que rigen la cuestión
de la impunidad de las graves violaciones de derechos
humanos. La Guía aborda los conceptos de impunidad
y de violación grave de derechos humanos así como las
obligaciones internacionales de los Estados de luchar y
erradicar la impunidad. La Guía integra la jurisprudencia
de los órganos internacionales y regionales de protección de derechos humanos así como la práctica de
las Naciones Unidas. La Guía está dirigida a jueces,
fiscales, abogados y defensores de derechos humanos.
Con esta Guía, la Comisión Internacional de Juristas
quiere contribuir a fortalecer los esfuerzos de la justicia
en la lucha contra la impunidad.
Impunidad y Graves Violaciones de Derechos Humanos
La impunidad es incompatible con las obligaciones
internacionales de los Estados y se erige como un
obstáculo mayor para el pleno goce de los derechos
humanos y la vigencia del estado de derecho. Tal como
lo expresara Theo van Boven, Experto de las Naciones
Unidas sobre el derecho a la reparación: “resulta difícil
imaginar un sistema judicial que vele por los derechos
de las víctimas y se mantenga al mismo tiempo indiferente e inactivo ante los flagrantes delitos de quienes
los han violado”. La impunidad engendra desesperanza
en la sociedad; violencia e injusticia adquieren categoría
de valor supremo; la resignación es la única alternativa
dejada a las víctimas; y el silencio se convierte en norma
de convivencia social. Como una “espada de Damocles”,
la impunidad le recuerda a la sociedad que los crímenes
del pasado pueden resurgir si el ejercicio de las libertades fundamentales desborda el marco tolerado por los
verdugos de ayer, hoy impunes.
Impunidad y
Graves Violaciones
de Derechos Humanos
Guía para Profesionales No. 3
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Comisión Internacional de Juristas
Presidente
La Comisión Internacional de Juristas (CIJ) es una organización no-gubernamental
dedicada a promover el conocimiento y respeto del estado de derecho y la protección legal de los derechos humanos en todo el mundo. Su sede se encuentra en
Ginebra, Suiza, y cuenta con 37 secciones nacionales, 45 organizaciones afiliadas
y 60 eminentes juristas de todas las regiones del mundo.
Justice Arthur CHASKALSON, Sudáfrica
Vicepresidentes
Prof. Jochen A. FROWEIN, Alemania
Prof. Leila ZERROUGUI, Argelia
Comité Ejecutivo
Justice Ian BINNIE, Canadá
Dr. Rajeev DHAVAN, India
Prof. Vojin DIMITRIJEVIC, Serbia
Prof. Louise DOSWALD-BECK, Suiza
Justice Unity DOW, Botswana
Justice John DOWD, Australia
(Presidente del Comité Ejecutivo)
Dr. Gustavo GALLÓN GIRALDO, Colombia
Sr. Stellan GÄRDE, Suecia
Sr. Raji SOURANI, Palestina
Otros Miembros de la Comisión
33, rue des Bains
Casilla Postal 91
1211 Ginebra 8
Suiza
Tel.: +41 (0)22 979 38 00
Fax: +41 (0)22 979 38 01
[email protected], www.icj.org
Sr. Raja Aziz ADDRUSE, Malasia
Prof. Abdullahi AN-NA’IM, Sudán
Justice Solomy BALUNGI BOSSA, Uganda
Embajador Julio BARBOZA, Argentina
Prof. Alexander BRÖSTL, Eslovaquia
Sra. Christine CHANET, Francia
Sra. Vera DUARTE LOBO DE PINA, Cabo Verde
Prof. Paula ESCARAMEIA, Portugal
Justice Elisabeth EVATT, Australia
Prof. Ruth GAVISON, Israel
Prof. Jenny E. GOLDSCHMIDT, Países Bajos
Lord William GOODHART, Reino Unido
Sra. Asma JAHANGIR, Pakistán
Sra. Imrana JALAL, Fiji
Prof. David KRETZMER, Israel
Prof. Kazimierz Maria LANKOSZ, Polonia
Sra. Gladys Veronica LI, Hong Kong
Sr. Kathurima M’INOTI, Kenia
Sra. Karinna MOSKALENKO, Rusia
Prof. Vitit MUNTABHORN, Tailandia
Dr. Adnan B. NASUTION, Indonesia
Dr. Pedro NIKKEN, Venezuela
Prof. Manfred NOWAK, Austria
Prof. Andrei RICHTER, Rusia
Justice Michèle RIVET, Canadá
Dra. Mary ROBINSON, Irlanda
Sir Nigel RODLEY, Reino Unido
Justice A.K.M. SADEQUE, Bangladesh
Sr. Jerome J. SHESTACK, Estados Unidos
Dr. Hipólito SOLARI YRIGOYEN, Argentina
Prof. Daniel THÜRER, Suiza
Prof. U. Oji UMOZURIKE, Nigeria
Justice Vilenas VADAPALAS, Lituania
Prof. Yozo YOKOTA, Japón
Miembros Honorarios
Arturo A. ALAFRIZ, Filipinas
P.N. BHAGWATI, India
Boutros BOUTROS-GHALI, Egipto
William J. BUTLER, Estados Unidos
Prof. Antonio CASSESE, Italia
Dato’ Param CUMARASWAMY, Malasia
Dalmo A. DE ABREU DALLARI, Brasil
Alfredo ETCHEBERRY, Chile
Desmond FERNANDO, Sri Lanka
P. Telford GEORGES, Bahamas
Lennart GROLL, Suecia
Hans-Heinrich JESCHECK, Alemania
P.J.G. KAPTEYN, Países Bajos
Michael D. KIRBY,AC, CMG, Australia
Kofi KUMADO, Ghana
Jean Flavien LALIVE, Suiza
Claire L’HEUREUX-DUBÉ, Canadá
Rudolf MACHACEK,Austria
Daniel H. MARCHAND, Francia
Norman S. MARSCH, Reino Unido
J.R.W.S.MAWALLA, Tanzania
Keba M’BAYE, Senegal
François-Xavier MBOUYOM, Camerún
Fali S. NARIMAN, India
Shridath S. RAMPHAL, Guyana
Bertrand RAMCHARAN, Guyana
Joaquín RUIZ-GIMÉNEZ, España
Christian TOMUSCHAT, Alemania
Michael A. TRIANTAFYLLIDES, Chipre
Profesor Theo VAN BOVEN, Países Bajos
Dr. José Zalaquett, Chile