Sorne Aspects Qn the Study of Russ¡an Mentality

HeKoTopb¡e acneKTbI
MCCJ1eAOBaHI1~I ~~CCKOL1
M~HT~J1BHOCTM
Sorne Aspects Qn the Study of Russ¡an
Mentality
TaTRHa J1E)KHEBA
M ocKoBcKML.i rocy~apcTBeHHbIM fle~arorwrecKI~ YHnBepcwreT
[email protected]
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fl~<l4Ee~, T. (2003): “HekoTopb¡e acneKrbl ~
cnn”, Eslav. Complut., 3: 5-27
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La mentalidad supone un tema de interés para la investigación, ya que influye en
todos los aspectos de la vida. Entre diversos aspectos del carácter ruso, la familia
PALABRAS
cLAv•
es uno de los más importantes. Los rasgos propios del carácter nacional se Iras-
u>
w
~
miten entre generaciones, en el seno de la familia, en forma de relatos y cuentos Mentalidad
rusa
foiclóricos. El análisis de los cuentos populares y de los proverbios revela las pecuCarácter
liaridades de la mentalidad rusa.
nacional
LE±NEVA,T. (2003): ‘Algunos aspectos del estudio de la mentalidad rusa”, Eslav.
Complut., 3: 5-27
Sistema
social
Modelos
mentales
Folclore
u—
The russian is an important point for scientific research. It influences on the alí paris
of peoples life. Besides many different features and aspects of Russian character,
~
uu>
•
family is very important one. The basic principIes of the national mentality are
transferred from one generation to another in the family by various forms of Russian
folklore. The analysis of Russian fairy-tales and proverbs shows the main specific
characteristics of Russian mentality.
O
LE~NEVA, T. (2003): “Sorne Aspects on the Study of Russian Mentality”, Estay
Complut., 3: 5-27
Esí a~’ística Complutense
2oo3.3
239-251
239
ISSN
KEY
WORDS
Russian
mentality
National
character
Social
system
Folklore
1578-1763
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14n14 “a rocrax xopoiuo, a ~o~a .ay4tue”, [1O21P~3YMCB~1OT
He Me6e31t> 14 cTeHbI, a
ca~y aTMoc4)epy JIOMa, KOM4>OpT 14 4yBcTBO 3aIIWWeHHOcTH, icoTopMe ~ae~r 210M, 14
31102114, He HM~1OL1II4~ TaKOro 21OMa, rite nx acer~a >I<21~T 14 r21e HM KOM4)OpTHO, 6y21y’r
acio~y ero 14cKaTb, a o6peTn, 6ynyT acerita CTP~M14ThCM Ty21a BepHyThcI.
fIoTOMy, H~CMOT~5 Ha HeI1paICT14’IHOCTh 14 31eHb, caoucTaeHHa pyccicn~
H~KOTOP~R oco6as¡ 21oMOHHTocTL. KoHe4Ho oHa zja.rieuca OT TOH 31106B14 1< 21OMY ¡-~
3aóOTbI O HeM, icaic, Hanp14Mep, a llhlieHLtap1414, r~e aeio~ica K BeTO4I<e, TP~B14HK~ K
TpaaHHIce, acer~a cBe>KeBbIKpameHHbIH 3a6op414K, icoapoa~ie 210P0>KK14 Ha y~inttax 14
210M141C14 cicopee noxo>¡c¡te Ha My3e14, 4~M Ha o6wraeMbíe x<143114111a. Ho icauc M~ícsrn,
~yacraa 14 H11M~P~H145I y pycc¡cwx acer~a rlpeaa.Jl14pyloT n 14MCIOT 6oJibmy¡o aecOMOcTb, ‘IeM 21e31a, 4~M peaJlbHbIH MaTep¡IaJ¡bHbIH M14p, TaK 14 ca~o ouiyuiten~e 21oMa,
ero 1421eM, ero ~yx ropa~~o aa~c~ee ero alieruHero 14 a~yrpe~~ero y6paHcTaa.
B nc14xo31or14n cyu~ec~aye~ noHsT14e “14Mnp14T14Hra”, TO ecr~ I1~PBH4HO~O
3~l1~411T31~H14R vex ca~~íx nepa~íx M31~21~H4~CK14X ane4aTnea14H, KoTopMe pe6eHOlC
nosly4aeT, 14 ro
caMoñ nepaoii 14H4)opMau14H, KOTOPYIO OH BocnpHH14MaeT. I4MeHHO
243
Eslavística Complutense
2003.3
239251
Tam~ina flea,cHeea
HeKomopble acneKmbl uccJleóo8aHuR pyccKou MeHma.JibHocmu
3T14 Bne4aT31eHHSt oKa3bIna10T 6o~mtuoe B3114RH14~ Ha 41OpM14pOBaH14e ~ex 143114 14HSIX
H~UHOH~31bHMX ~ep~ xapauc~epa 4enoaeIca. II, lcoHe’IHo, 3Tfl ane~a~sie~n~ pe6eHor<
nony’aei npexc~e acero ~epe~ caO10 ceMb10, CBO14 210M. CKa3Kn, III~TKH 14
np146ayTK14, 21~TCKH~ necei-uicu 14, KOH~4HO Ke, KoJibI6eJlhHbIe, KOTOPb1~ paccica3b1B~iOT 14 H010T cnO14M 21~T51M M~Mb1 14 H51H14, no MH~H1410 y4eHI>Ix (j)OpMHpy}OT
r~ana~ue upancrae~~~ie
If21ea31t~t, npaa¡.131a 6y21yuIero none~e~it~ 14 OCHOBbI
6y21y1uero MI4pOBo33peH14M. 9T14 HCTO4H14I<14 “HMnp14THHra”, ~epe~ KOT0~bI~ ocyuieCTB3151~TC2 cna~~ noicoiie~ui 14 41opM14poBaH14e ~2114H017O
H~II14OH~31bHOFO xapaicrepa,
~aioice 3aC31yIK14BaIOT HP14CTaJlbHO[O BHflM~HI4R ¡4 HccJIe21OaaHrnl.
Kaic Heica~ rlpH3Ma, 4)O31bKJlop 41oicyc14pyeT 14 ~ac~ann~ier 14I7P~Tb ace~w CBO14MI4
FP~HMM14 14 O117~HK~M14 TO, 4TO flp14BblK31I.t H~3bIB~Tb pyccicoll HaIIHOHa31L>H014
KyJtbTypoK. 14 UIO3TOMy, ‘-vro icauc He pyccic~iu 41onbicruOp, co6¡4paamu4ica BeKaMI4 14
nepe~aaantuuc~i 143 HOKO31~H14Z a nOKoJIeHHe, MB31MCTC5¡ 31~4H114M oipa>ice~ue~
HaLII4OHa.JIhHOI-O xapaicTepa? HecoMHeHHo, 14CC31~21OB~H14~ H~KOTOPbIX 410PM pyc-
cicoro 41onhuutopa (cKa3uc¡.u, noc31oB14LIbI, norOaopKH) cnoco6Ho BhIMBHTL Te rpaHu.z 14
OTTCHK14 H~U14OHaJIbHO14 MeHTaJIbHocTH, icorop~ie MO»CHO OTH~CT14 K ycTOH414BbIM
apxeTHrlHbIM 41op~a~. O4ean21Ho, ‘-vro pyccicne cKa3KH, HOC31OB14IUd n noroaopicw
za~i~norcs 41aKTOpOM, B 3H~414TC31bHO14 ~epe ~4~CTBOB~13II114M
a O6pa3OBaH1414 tfJeaoMeHa pyccico~ MeHTaJIIMOCTH 14 nepe~a~e ero 21PY~14M UOKO31eH145IM, B~21b cKa3K14
no ace npe~e~a BbtHO31H~3114 Ba)KHe ulylo 3a21a’-Iy, o6y~a~wt Honoe rIOl<o31eH14e,
nepe~anairn e~y OHbIT cTapluHx. Kauí ronopHTc5I, “cKa3Ka 310’Kb, ~a a ~e HaMeK,
21O6pbIM MO31O211I~M ypotc”. TeM óonee, K~K I10K~3LtB~10T ~ccne~ona~ns
B. 51.
flponna, nonce He 310H<blO 6buu.¡ HO31HM pyccic~e cxa~ici~, a ueni{ei-¡tue
HHtflopMaLuHeH o6 14CTOP144~CKOM flpoIflJIOM.
06 3T( M rniuie~ no BCT~I114TC31bHOH clame ¡c icn~re “Hcropn~ecicne KOPH14
rsonme6¡4o14 cKa3KI4” ¡4CC31~21OE~T~31b ~nop~ecrna B. 51. Flponna B. ¡4. EpeM¡.u-ua: “To,
—
4TO B 14cTOp144ecicOl4 21e14cTa14Te31bHocT14 npomnoro cne~ye~ 14CKaTI> KOPH14
OH P~Cffl14P1431 14
YTO4H14JI r10H51T14~ “14cTop144ecKOro npoumnoro”. Cao¡o 3~21~4Y OH B1421C31 B
OflP~21~31~t11414 Toro colIHaJIhuoro cTpo~i, npu KOTO~OM co321aaa31nct> KaK OT21e31hHhI~
MoT14nbI, yaK ¡4 c~a~ica a 1IeJ1oM. B ica~ecrae KOHK~~TH0FO I1~O51BJ1~H14R IIOHZTHR
cica3o’-uubíx MoTIunon, 6r>íno xopomo 143BCCTHO 14 210 pa6oT Elponna.
“coLu4aJlbHbIH c’rpoíi” flponn paccMaTp¡iaa.n OT21~31bHb1~ 14HCT14T~TbI 3T0F0 cTpo2,
Ha octione icoropwx 14 po~K21aJ114cb, no ero MHeHH10, CK~3O4HM~ C10’KeTbI 14 MOT14BLI.
B. SI. Hponna 51B31~tCTC5i no~o~¡ce~ne o
cica~ica coxpa~wra C31~21b1 14C4~3H~BLH14X 410pM cO1I14aJIbHOH )K143H14,
icOTOpLIe 14 no~~íe>icai 143y4eH14}O.” (HPOHH [1986]: 9). ¡4 ca~ B. 51. Ilponn mucan:
“CKa.3Ka n~ípac~aer 143 cO,114a31bH014 ~«143HH14 ee HHcT14TyToB. 021¡4H 143 HHX 05p521
nOca5IuIeH142.” (FIPOFIH [1984]: 243).
TaK14M o6pa3oM HcxO21Ho14 ripe~noc~íiiico
TOM, 4TO
—
Eslaví.suco. Complutense
~oo3, 3
239
251
244
HeKomop¿~¿e acneKmb~ uccileóo6aRw? pyccKou MeHmanbftocmu
Ta~nRna fIe.,lcHeea
TaK14M OGpa3OM, MO3KHO BbIZBHTL cne~yion~y¡o ~orwieci<yio
nOcJie21oaaTeJibHo-
Ecnn cKa3Ka ~1B31M~TC~
I1OK~L3~T~31CM paann~aoro po~a COLI14~31bHh1X 14HcTHTynopo~ic~aeica caMoH COUI4~JThHO14 )I<H3HMO, ico~opaa a caoio o4epe21b
oica~a~a np~~oe B31¡4~HH~ Ha c~auoane~ne 41eHoMeHa pyccucoíi MeHTaAbHocTH, TO,
cm.
TOB, ec~n oHa
aO3MmKHO, a cxa~icax MOIKHO HaHTH Te 4~~Tb1 14 oco6eHHocT¡4 pyccucoro xapalcrepa,
KOTOPbI~ CTa3114 apxeTflnHbIMH, aenpexo~sm~n~n 213131 pyccicoro H~1I14OHaJILHO~O
xapalcrepa. A ecrnr yuecTb, 4TO 6onbuuaz 4~CTL CK~3O4HbIX c~iceroa co~epi<a~ia a
ceóe ~31~M~HThIo6p5u21oa 14HHUHaII1414, MB31Z10IIt14XCM npoaepicoH 14 14C11L1T~H14~M 21312
M031021L1X IOHOIHeH 14 ~eayuieic t1P14 ac~yn~e~n~ 14M14 ao a~poc~y~ ~fC143Hb,
TO
BOCH14T~T~31bH112 41yHKItns¡ cica~oic CT~HOBHTCR O’IeHH21HOH 14 6eccnOpHOH.CKa3KH
o6y>-¡axor He TOJibicO I.le31eHanpaaJIeHHO, HO 14 HCflO21BO31b,
0H14 28313110TC2
31-Ia414Te31hHOI4 4~CTb10 HMnp14THHra, ao3MO3KHo, 4TO caMoil aa)KHOH.
Be21b c ca~oro
MOM~HT~ ~O>K21~HHZ
21~T14 npHoónIa10TcR K cKa3KaM.
B ~ac~oau~ee ape~si CK~3K14 He TO31bKO 414T~1OTC3I PO21HTC31MM14 caOHM 21eT5IM 143114
C~M14M14 21eTbMH. K co»ca31eHn10, 6oJmmHHcmo CK~3O4HbIX ciox<e~oa 14 nc~opnn
~
14M14 ‘-Iepe3 3K~~HbI TC31~B1430POB no MyJILT14n31HKaILtHOHHI>IM 14
XY21~K~CTB~HHhIM 41u.rnu>MaM.
14, ya~I, TB ceíFuac a 6oimmeíi c~ene~n 311It031H~HO
KHl-lonpo21yKItHeH 3apy6e>KHorO npOH3BO21cTaa. HaunoHa.rubHbíe repon ~pyrnx
c~pa~ a31a21e10’r aoo6pa’KeHneM 14 yMaM14 ~aui~x
OTMC4~1OT
MHOF14~
~KypHa3114cTb1, ncnxo~or~
21eTeH 14, icaic c onace~~e~
14
c011140310r14,
B31143110T
Ha
41opM14poaaHne ix xapaicrepa 14 M14pOao33peH14hI. Ho ace .¡ce H~II14OH~31bHbI14 apxe’rnn
apuiit 3114 H~XO2114TCR fl021 T~K014 cepbe3Hon yrpO3oH, icaic 3T0 nbITalOTcSl npe~cTaa14Tb.
TaK,
14. Me21ae21eaa u T. tHnuuoaa, npo41eccnoHaimHbíe nc~xoxuorn u 21paMaTypru,
nl4LuyT, 4TO, H~CMOTP31 Ha noro~oa~oe ya.JIe4eHne 21ncHeeacl<HM M~31bTC~~14~31OM
“YTuiHbíe 14cT0p1414”, 21eTMM He oqeHh-To HpaB14TcM 6oraTbííi 14 ‘Ka21HMH 2131211011h1<~
Cicpywuc. A B~21b OH 2BHO 3~21~M~H aaropa~u icaic npu~ep 21312 nO21pa>KaH14M. (YTZTa
npoeuu.wz aMepul<auuciu.ix 21eTe14 ‘uac~ro aOcK3114I~a10T: “KOr21a 31 a~ípacTy, 31 6y,ity
T~K14M )Ke, KaK 213¡211OtllK~ Cxpy21~>K!”). J~eT3IM H~~B2TC2 Te 3apy6e)KHbIe cKa3xn, 4h14
repon no caoe~y xapa¡crepy 14 noae~e~rno 6nw>ice K nepco~azca~ pyccicnx H~PO21HbIX
—
—
c¡ca3oK, K0TOPLI~ nepe~aaa~nc~ 143 flOK031~H1431 a noicoJieHile, aocnnmíaaii 21~T~14 143
ca~~íx pa3H¡-~Ix C0UH~JIbHbIX cnoea u cocJiOanH. FIO3TOMy 21o6po21y111Hb114 o6~icopa
BHHH14 flyx HM 6nioice, 4~M 6epe~¡c.anabuñ Cicpy21« Maic )~aK.
KoHe’-uHo, 3T0 He O3Ha4aeT, 4TO 6epe»umaocTb, P~C4~T3I14BOCTb He npucywn pyccxo~y ~apo~y
u 4TO a Poccun Her óepez<Jlnabíx JIIO21eH. CoapeMeHHas 3KcT-
P~M~31bH~Z cwryai.~u~i, ucor~a 3114~h 10% poccna~ >icuaer a 21ocTaTKe, ~ac~aa~ze~
JIIo21eH BCI10M14H~TL on~rr npouin~íx ~IOKO31~H1414
14 yluHTbC31 (!) 6bum 3KOHOMHMMH,
6epexc.uuabíMn. Ho cym a TOM, 4TO 3T0 ica~ec~ao 31B3131~TC5I He apO2K21eHHbIM,
apxeTHnHbIM, a npuoópeTeHHbIM. ¡4. Me21ae21eBa 14 T. 1H14¡uoaa nnuiyT, Ofl14P~31Cb Ha
caoio npaucTwuec¡cy10 pa6oTy c 21eTLMH, a TOM 4uc31e 14 c T~K H~LIB~~MbIM14
245
Eslarística Complutense
aoo3.3
239-251
HeKomopble acne~m~z ucc.qeóoeaHuR pyccKou MeHmaRbHocmu
Tamsuia fIe.2~cHeea
TPY21HhIMH
,
npooJleMHbIMH”, II Ha HCCJ1~21OB~H14M ¡4HcTHTyTa 41nJIoco41n¡4 H
PAH OT 1993 ro21a, ~TO M~31~HbKH~ pocciume npui
0614311414 MyJIbT41H31t>Moa 14HOCTP~HHOFO npoH3ao21cTBa, nocBMitJ~eHHb1x TeMe
npaaa Ypa.imcicoro OT21eJIeHHZ
3114’IHOFO o6orauIenwu,
coxpa~u~n
H~F~T14BHO~ OTHO11I~H14~ K TeM 6ora~aM
KOTOPbI~ CHOHM 6oraTcTBoM He 21e3151Tc51.
H
xOTZ
H pyccicne 21~T14 Me’-ITa10T
pa36oraTeTb, HO 3T14 Me’-ITbI 210B031BH0 caoeo6pa3Hbí:
“51 xo’uy 6bím 6oraTbIM
(ME,E~BEJ~EBA [1994]).
TOJIbiCO H~IIO31OB14HY 14 OT21~HaTh ace OCT~31bHO~ 6e21HbíM.”
TaKHM Oópa3OM, O4eBH21Ho, ‘4TO ~a~ice cero21uM, a 21OH~31b3Z M~PK~HT1431hHO~ apeMs,
icor~a ace 14 ac~¡ pema~~ 21eHbrIt (it 21~T14 3T0, HecoMHeHHO, 3Ha10T), óorarcTao He
suan~norc~u ~uusupyccicuux 21eTeH flPHOP14T~THO UeHuocTb10. HO’-IeMy? BO3MO~A<HO, ~
a 3TOM cny~ae MOd<HO o6paT¡4Tbcs 3a o6’bMcaeH14eM K apXCTHIIHbIM Ha’-IaJlaM pyccico~ MeHTaJIhHocTI4.
B 6031bm¡uHcTne cKa3O’-lHbIx c~z<e~oa w~oc~pa~uoro, no 6o31bmeñ ‘{acT14
a~ep~ica~cucoro npOH3aO21cTBa, 30310T0, 6oraTcTao ZB315t~T~Z F31~BHO14 14 3a’IacTyIo
~2114HCTBCHHOI4
iJ~JIb10 acex np14K3110’4eHHH repoeB. Henocpe21c’raeHHo pa2114 ca~ux
21eHer, ~parotteH~~íx
~
I<aMHeH, HeBepOSITHMX no paa~epa~ COKPOBHHT coaepmaio~cs¡
TP10KH, repoi P14CKY10~ a ‘lacTo 14 )1C~PTBY1OT BceM, a TOM
‘iitcne caoeH H MyZ<oH )K143Hb10, P~2114 óorarcTaa icaic taicoaoro 0H11 OTI1P~B31Z1OTCR
6yucaasub¡ruo íua icpa
cae~a 143114, KaK roBOpHTcsI, “3a TpH21CBMTb 3eMeJIb”. )il~31R
npi~~epa MO»CHO BCI1OMHHTh Ky31L>TOBMH ~M~~14K~HCK1414
41iuuLM “PoMaH c KaMHeM”
143114 TP~2114L~14OHHY1O eaponeíicicyuo cica~icy npo kora a- canorax.
A ~enep~ BcrIOMHI4M, 3~’l~M 3a TPH21~B51Tb 3~M~31b 0TflP~B31MflHCh repoit pyccic~x
cKa3OK? 3a c4acmeM, 3a HeaecToíi, Ha tIOMOLUb 21pyry, a qan~e ace~ 34<14T~315IM ce31a,
ropo21a, uapcTaa.
¡4
fl~14TOM coaepmel-nuo
6ecnnaTHo. BcnoMiurrb XOTII 6sí Huuicwry
KoxeMsu<¾icoTopLul, c~e~an CB51TO~ 21e310, He B31131 3a pa6OTy ¡-¡wuero it notuen
OIlZTb KO~K14 MSITb. B pyccicnx cKa3Icax, nepe21aaaeMl>íx 143 1IOKO3ICHHII nolcoJieHite,
HI4KOF21~ »ca>¡c¡~a o6oraweiwsu He óbIJIa LJeJit>10 flP14K311O’l~H1414 ee repoea, 14 ec3114
flO31O>K14TCJ1bHbI~ repon OTIlpaB31SIJI14Ch Ha flOMOllIL KoMy-31H60, TO 21eHbrl4, ‘{acTbIH
aTp146yT 215111 OT~14U~T~31bHL1X nepcona’i<eii, 1IpaKT14’leCKH H14KOF21~ He SlB31MJIHCb
~aue
flO21Cfl0~b~M a ~x
rlyTelitecTBIlIx, 21a 14 Bo31tue6Hble I1P~21M~TM TaK)Ke
ynoTpe6JIanHcb 1’epOZM14 pycc~~x cica~oic JIHifiL a icpit~n~ecicitx c14Tya1.1~HMx
213114
110M011I14 21pyry, 215151 cnacea-iu~i >K143H14, a ~e c U~31b10 3114’tHOrO o6orauIeitnsu. fo
CP~BH~H1410 co CKa3KaMI4 I4HOcTpaHHMM14, Hanp14Mep, BOcTOqHhIM14, a pyccuu.¡x cKa~icax apceuiasi pa3JIH’-IHbIx aOnLue6HbIx npe~~e~oa ropa~~o 6e21Hee, cicy21nee. Be21b
6osrbtueii ‘4~CTL10 He aonuue6Hbíe npe~~emí Bhlpy’Ia31H repoea, a ~aepn it nTHIIb1, ~
He TO31LKO ablpy’-1a3114, a ~a~acry~
it 21eJlafl14 3a HI4X 6onbuirnHcTao pa6oTbI n ae a
o6Men Ha [IOMOWh, a ~a xopomee, 2106p0e ic H14M OTHonIeH14e. TaK, B cuca~icax npo
Kawes l3eccMepTHoro HaaHy no o~epe~n no~oraio~ Me21Be21b, 3a51U, coucosr, u~yica,
11 TOM~ ocrae~csi 3114fflb C31OM~Tb Hr31y, ¡3 KOTOpOH CM~PTb icau~eeaa cnpslTaHa.
Eslacística Complutense
~
3
239- 251
246
HeKomopb¡e acneKmb¡ uccJleaoeanua pyccKou MenmaabHoc’mU
Taminia flea’cne6a
Bo3Mo~¡cHo, 631aro21aps¡ 3THM aTp146yTaM cicauica
o 3o31yunce, 6e21Hoíi 21eaymKe,
~pyx<itameH c 3B~~11T~M14 14 flTitLI~Mit 14 caoit~ TPY21OM 3apa6oTaaIJJeH ce6e npaao
Ha cqacme, TaK 6.ruwnca pyccucit~ 3110¡~¡M, oco6eHHo B nepeno~¡ce¡*sit ¡4. [Llaapu.ta,r~e
aKUeHT 21~31¡3eTcR He HB 143MeHHBuIeMcR nO31OxceH14H 3o.uyuiicit, a ~a sno6ait, KOTO~~M
o61,e21¡’m1431a 21O6PbIe cep21lla.
Boo6We, 21o6poTa a pyccucwx cica~icax RaJIaeTcz O21HHM 143 OcHOaHbIx, ~CJI14He
OCHOBHbIM Ka’IecTBOM fl0310’KitTeJIbHLIX repOeB. BcIiOMHHTh XOTM 6bí ¡4aaHymicy
21ypaKa. ¡4 31eHHa, it óecne’-IeH, it r.nyn (¡43114 TOJibICO nplfTaopReTca?), it y’IHTL>C11
—
H14’l~MY He xo’IeT, 14 BH~IIIHOCTh1O He icpacaaeii nHcaHHbIH. Torn>Ko 14 21ocTo¡-~HcTa,
6p. (KcTaT¡4, ‘lacTO HMCHHO ~a ero 21O6pOTy ero 14 c’IHTa10T rJIyrlbIM.) Ha21o
‘4TO 210
3aMeTitTb, ‘4TO OH ace BPCMSI nOaHHyeTcM cy21b6e, II31hIBCT 110 TC’teHitlO, (“a21eT, ca~
He 3H~~T Ky21a”), OH a6cornoTHo 6e3blHitlititaTitaeH, a OT31H’lit~ OT repoea
3apy6e~IcHbIx cKa3ol< (Xo2uiica Hacpea,it¡4H, HanpitMep), a a it~ore ace noriyuae~ — 14
Heaec’ry— Kpacaa14Lty, ti noJIlIapcTaa. Hpo “nO31ltapcTaa” ro~ice JIIo6oHbITHhIH
MOMeHT. HotIeMy T0311>KO noJIoa14Ha? 13031bu1e He 3~C31Y)K14J1 143114 ‘4TO6bI He 3a3HaaaJlclI? Jil~a it ‘ITO c flO31Oa14HOH ~iapc~aa MO~KHO c21e31aTb? KaK BbIMcHMeTcR, HM’-Iero.
HaJIo 311460 a~opyio nosroau*uy
21O6bIBaTb, 311460 cicasam:
“Cnacit6o, He Ha21o”. Mo31,
OU~Hit31it no 21ocToitHcTay, y~a~’cwiu it 21ocTaTO’4Ho. 4aJibllIe no caeiy 6po21¡4m
noH21eM, TCM 6031ee, ‘4TO yx< O’IeHb x31onoTHoe 3TO 21~31O — L~apcTaoaaTb. ¡4MeHHo T11K
qa¡u.ie acero 14 nocrynae~ repoíi pyccx¡-¡x cKa3oK.
¡4, ecnit cornaca-o T~O~1414 HMI1p14T14HFa peóeHoK C’414TbIB11~T MO21~3114 6y21yritero
noae~e~itz B TOM ~itcne it c repoea cKa3oK, paccica~a~~~íx e~y B 21eTcTae, TO
uIe21pocTn it 6ecucOpbIcTHM. A
HaaHyunca-21ypau< Ha ne~it jie~icaii, a ~MHbI~
HecoMHeHHo, OH nony’-iaeT xopou¿me YPOK14 21o6poTbI,
~auouce u yp~~ npitTaOpcTaa, 14~21b
6paTbz ero a none naxa.tm.
E~e 02114H itHT~P~CHbI14 MOM~HT noae~e~itsi
no21MeqeHHhIH
repoea pycci<~x cKa3oK,
14. Kop~ar¡-moii a ic~itre “flapaitouccbí 21yuiit pyccicoi~i .KeHuIHHM”,
~0H0P14T o cnoco6a-ocr¡4 pyccicux K 11KTHBHOMY it r31y6oKoMy 21yIlleaHOMy
nepe2KHBaH1410, K ~
caoen 21y11114 nepe~ 21PY~HM14 311O21bM14.
Hna~yuu4i MYH<’414H~ — 3T0 nepaoe, ‘4TO nopa~¡-uio MeHa. “3anJIaIca.ru ¡4aaHyuiica,
3ane’4a311431c51, cen Ha K~MCHL 14 yc~yn
cKa3Kit.
H021’4eplCeM,
—
21OBO31bHO T14fl14’IHbIH o6opoT 213111 pyccxoñ
‘4TO 1131a’-IyT He TOJIbicO
14BaHyIilK14-21ypa’4I<it,
HO 14 Ltapeait’414,
cO3121aTbI, 6oramípn. CHe 14331it11Hit~ 21Y11114 He aaaitcit~ 1414 OT 41u3¡.z’4ecucoí~ C1431M
cica~o~~oro nepcoHa>Ka, HM OT ero couitan~~oro no31o~KeH14M.
Kor~a z<e nna’4eT repoñ? Boa-ce He nepen 31HuitOM ~~ioaeu~ero a-para
—
T~T OH H~
onnomae’r, ablxaaTitT Me’4 u orpyñwr npo~uarnwy ronoay, ~ax<e ecnu 3T14X ~031OBTp14
143114 JteBslTb. A BOT ecrn¡ repoil cTaJIKitaaeTcR c npoñHeMoii, peiuernie KOTOpOH He
Tpe6yeT c1431b1, T~T 14 aO3H14KaIOT cno>ica-oc~~. B cicaaice “X(ap-nnu.ta u BacitnucaItapeaHa” njiaqer uapcicuñ cTpe31oK, HOTOMy ‘4TO uap~ P~0314T c¡-¡ecm e~y ronoay c n31e’4.
247
Eslavística Complutense
aoo3.3
539551
Tam.qua .Jle.,icueea
HeKomopbze acneKmb¿ uccJleóoeaHuH pyccKou MeHmaJlbnocmu
Crpami¡o ~IOTC~11Th
6yíia-y¡o ro~oayuu¡<y 31106014 C1431~’4 a rauco CHTY~UHH cnacyeT!
HeOJIHOKPaTHO 31L~T C31~3hI Hnaa--iitapenu’l 143 CK~3Kit “Haan-uapeaa-’4 Ii cepLia ¡3031K”.
flepa-huii pan, ucor~a cep~i ¡30311< ~arp~nae~ ero KOH11 u repou oc~ae~ca 6e3 cpe~c~a
HepeJIBrnKeHIM. Kauc uce T~T He nJIaKaTh? Hym anepe~n ltaAba-itñ, a uco¡-u¡ ¡-ser. CFrnoñ u
Me’IOM ¡te r¡oNío~Kemb. BOT ¡u oc~ae~ca repoto flJ1~K~Tb 210 ‘rex nop, nozca He ca-ep¡uae~css
‘-1y310: H~HXO21HT ¡3031K ¡4 casi ¡zpe~~arae~ pa6oTam y HaaHa KoHeM. B JIpyroñ pan repoíi
—
nna’ueT, KOFJI~ HacTae’r eMy nopa pacciaa-a~~c~ c cep¡-~iM a-O31KOM, a 0H14 1< TOMy a-pe~euu
m146Ko (4~py~scH31ucb. TyT u zca~en~ He a-bl21ep)KHT. (KOPMAFHHA [1997]:5)
flpone3111 aHa31it3 cKa3OK H~PO21OL3 Mitpa, 14. Kop’4arnHa y6eJIwrzacb, ‘4TO z~tx
F31~I3Hb1M I~epo1lM fl31ItICaTb He npHxo21itTcs.”
BO3MO?KHO, ‘-¡TO zcponornisao~y ucc~ie~o~arenio nona~y~cs p~uuaiouiwe My’Kcudue
nepcona2ucu 3apy6Cx<Hbsx c¡ca3ouc, HO MH~ He y21aJIOCb isx pa3hicKaTb, TorJIa icaic a uamitx
ucicam He H~21O — ryt My)K’IHHbI JIBIOT C31C3LI 6y¡caaimuo Ha uca¡c~o~i c~pauuue
(KOPLJAFUHA [1997]:6).
Heo6xo21uMo ~a¡ouce npHH14MaT1~ HO a-H14M~Hit~, ‘4TO cicanzcit a npouecce coII14a31143aUitu o6ecne’wa-a¡oi’ 210B031bH0 Hit3K~I0 ~IO21FOTOB31CHHOCTb
1< )K143HCHHBIM Tpy21HOCT11M it pea3lHslM. Tazc, HanpitMep, ~21itHCT15CHHb1I4
ypOK, rIoCH11llueHHbII.s »Cit3H14
311021CM nocne cBaJIb6bI, lcOTOpbzu MO)KHO al>IHecTH 143 pyccscitx cKa3oK, roaopit~ o
TOM, ‘~¡TO 311060e rope — He 6e21a, ecnit TBOR ‘KeHa: yMHitIIa, KpacaBHlIa, MO31O21~ it
upuaeTns4íua, 311O6itT Te6a 6osu,me >KII3HH ~a eu~e it c31OBO 3H¡3CT
ero cicazcesu~
—
ao31Iue6Hoe (¡caK
a-ce ca~o co6ouo c21enaeTca). )i~a, KcTaTn roaopz, y Tazcon xopo¡ueíi
2KCItbI po21cTaeHH14KOB, icaic npaBitnO, He 6bíaaeT.
TaK14M o6pa3oM, ~uorite
nuo6on~íTHb¡e 21CT~3114 o pyccico~ xapauc~epe pacic-
pblna}OTclI 6iíaronapz raico~ty ~¡ca~py 41osu,Knopa scauc cKa3Kit. He21apoM roHopnTcz,
‘4TO ¡3 cuca~wax, KaFC a 3epKane, o~pa>scaerca ~y’ua HapO21a, BC21L t’Oa-OpR O CKa3Kax, ux
H~3bIE~1OT HC FIPOCTO pyccK14M14, a pyccicit~~ HapO21HLIM14.
14 Cenit CK~3K14 MB31IIIOTC11
OTP~15KCH14CM 21ym¡4 Hapo21a, TO T~K~R 41opMa 41onhucJzopa K~K HOC31OBHUbI 14
flOrOa-OpKn, HCcOMHCHHO, OT~~>K~1OT xapaic~ep ~apo~a
‘4C~C3 6onbtuuHcTao
THflit’4HSIX ‘4C~T ero.
513bí1c 1¡H31IICTC51 na>KHeHuIuM C~C21CTBOM ‘4e31oBe’4ecl<Oro o6¡ueHit11, OPY2114CM
nepe21a’-114 Mbíc31eH. O21uoapeMeuuHo ~3b11< BbICTYI1~CT 13 Ka’4ecTae ~epicana
H~LtHOHa31hHOI4 KynbTyphl, CC xpauu14TenM: lI3bIKO¡3bIC e2114HHtIbI, npe~ic~e acero eJiolia,
41 uiccupyioi co21ep»cauue, KOTOPOC 13 TOH 1431141411014 MCPC BOCXO21HT 1< ~~31Oa-1431M
~Kit3Hit
~apo~a
—
IIOC14TC31JI %t3blKa.
B PYCCKOM 113b1KC, icaic 14 E 315060M 21pyroM, aa)KHa it 14HT-
epec~a T.H. nau14oHa31bHo-Ky31BTypHasl ce~aa-~uica M3bIKa, T. e. TC S3hIKOBbIC 3Ha’-IeHI{11,
KoTOpI>Ie o~rpaAca10T, 41rnccitpy10T it flCpC21a10T OT flOl<031CH1451 K 1IOKO31CHit10 OCO6CHHOCT14 pyccicoíi rIpHpO21bI, o6nIecTaeu-moro ycTpoHcTaa, 41o31hK.nopa, Xy210’KecTa-eHHOit
JIitTepalypbI, itc¡cycc~raa, HayKit, no21po6HocTit 6bITa it o6bí’4aeB HapO21a.
CTpoeusbue C2114HitUhI 113h1K~ (cnorua, 41paneonor¡s3Mbí ¡¡ M3bIlCO¡3blC a41op143Mbí:
nOcJIoa-141.D,I,
noroa-op¡cit
Eslavístico. Complutense
soo3.3
239-~5I
it K~hI31¡3ThIC
248
a-blpax<eH14ll),
$1¡331lIlICb ~C3~31LT~TOM
HeKomopble acneucmó¿ uccneOoeanwi pycc~o MeHmaJJbnocmu
TaniRna fIel?cHe6a
2131HT~31bHOFO pa3BitTH11, 4)itKcitpyIOT it nepe~a~~ OT O21HO~O HOKO31~HH5I zc ,z~pyroMy
o6wec’raeHHbíii OnbIT, flO3TOM~ OHit B~~KHbI He TOJiLKO i<ai< cpe~c~ao 06UIeHitM, HO
it icauc itCTO’{HHKH ~~33114’4HbIXO6IItecT¡3eHHO 3H~’4HMbIX cae21eHitH. MO~icHO
yTaep’ic21aTb, ‘4TO HaIlitOHaJIbHo-Ky31blypHa5I ce~au~aica Z3bIK~
—
npo~yicr
3T0
itcTOpitit, it ‘ieM 6ora’e 14CTO~14M HapO21a, TCM Rp’le 14 ~
c~poe~~ie
~2I14H14IILI
z3bIKa.
513bn<oahíe a41Opit3MbI, K KOTOPLIM OTHOCIITCZ flOC31OBitIIbI it noroBopiCll, a
0T3114’4itit OT pe~ea~íx (¡4H21¡4a¡421yarn>Hu>Ix) cnetw41n’IHLI npe~ic~e acero caoeñ MaccOBOl4 BOcnpO143aO21itMOcTb10, T.e. I7IOBCCMeCTHOI
143aecTHocTb10, ‘4TO 11B315i~TC11
cnpaae~nia~i~ 2101<a3aTenhcTa-oM itx 21OCTO8CPHOCTH KaI< itCTO’4HitK11 HH41opMaLIHH.
B KOM1131~KCHOM COU14~31bHOM itCC31~21O¡313HitH 11H3J1113 PC3YJILTBTOB KOTO~iO1O
onitca~ 3. B. C1n<ea-¡4’4 (C14KEBI4’1 [1996]), ~
6L1310 ~auouce
npe~no~uce~o OU~H14TL nOcJiOaitLtbI 14 nOrOaopKit, aLI21eneHHhIe 14CC31C210¡3BTC31MMI4 ¡3
~ca~ec~ae aaroc~epeo~¡-tnoa (MHeH14íi pyccicitx o pyccicitx).
PaHroBafl
(cpe21m4i
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1IP~lUIO’lTHTCJILHOCTb flO~JiOBNU
—
~BTOCTC~COTHIIOB
6a.iui no 5-T¡4 6aJn,Hoii mucaiie).
llOcJiOBHIibI
Hozca ¡pOM He FpSIHeT, M~)KHK He nepezcpecTHTcM.
B K~KOM a-apo~e H<Haemb, Toro o6b1’4al¡ It 21ep~KM~L.
3a MO~CM aece31be, ~a ‘ly)KOe, y a-ac — rope, 21a caoe.
Pyccucitii HH c Me’IOM, HH c Ka.JIa’lOM He uIyTIT.
Pyccuci4i M~2KHK 3¡3JIHHM ~MOMxpenouc.
Pyccia4i .JIIO6itT aBOch, He6Och Jia KaK-HH6yLth.
Ha Pyct¡, crraaa Eory, zuypaucoa a-a cro 31~T 3anaceHo.
Pyca- ecm aecena-e HHTH, He MOX<~T 6e3 Hero 6h1Tu.
Cpeitnuii 6a.rui
4,5
4,4
3,9
3,9
3,8
3,6
3,4
3,3
9. Pyccm4i MO31O21~II era 6acypMaHaM KOHeit.
3,2
10. Haiui¡ MH~11H~ ~O21OM
Jiaopsme; pa6uraTb He mo6,rr, a noi-ysua~r¡~ He npo’n~. 3,0
—
—
Kauc BH21HO, P~CflOH21~HTbI CK31OHHLI IlpH3HaTh, ‘4TO pyccucix OT31H’-IIi~T
6ecne’4HocTL a co~e~a~itit c He21a31LHoBH21HocTL10 (1 it 5 noenoantILí) it
~~IH14T~31LHOCTL
(4 nocnoatwa). BMecTe c TeM, CK13O3h I?IPH3MY O1I~HKH npocrynae~
aLIcoKitH ypoae~~ 3THOHaII14OHaJILHOH KOM1IJIHMeHTapHOCTH
(“Haute” rope
flPC21fIO’4TitTC31bH~C “3aMopcKoro” aece31bM) H~P5I21Y c OPM~HT~LU4~t Ha
3THOTepnitMOcTb. 2 ti 3 noc31oarnIhI, na nepa~i a3r315121, npornaope~a~ ~pyr
~pyry it He MOF~T HP~BI4TbC11 021H0¡3peMeHHO, O21H~KO ae c~e~ye~ 3a6LIBaTb, ‘4TO
a~an~itpyi¡c~ i< “21pyrwM” Hapo21aM, “MLI~~ c ~OTOBHOCTb10nepeao~it~ itx it3
pa~ra “He-Hauun” a “Hamitx”. 3a-a’4itTC31LHO MeHbLHee npit~~ite BLI3bIBlt~T KOHCT~T~IititM MBHLIX H~21OCT~TKOB pyccucoro ‘leJioBeica: BO14HCTB~HHO~O Y21B31LCTBB
249
Eslavística Complutense
~oo3.3
239551
Heucomopb¡e acneucm~z uccJleóoeaHuR pyccKou MeHmanbuocmu
TamRHa JIe.3lcHeea
B pyccico~ CO3H~Hitfl He3aaHcitMO OT H0310B014 [lp14Ha2131C~KHOcT14,
ao~pac~a 11
~~OBH11o6pa3oa-auit51 npo~o~m<ae~ npeo6na21aTt, YCT~HOBK~ Ha crpa~er~~ “MaJibIx
21e31” (“llyu.rnHuca 1< nytiiit~ice — a-LII4JICT nepitHKa” — 70% it “TepneHbe it Tpy21 a-ce
nepeTpyT” — 79,8%). Ha.rrituo ia¡ouce TP~2114I~14OHHOC npe~no~~e¡-rne “‘4ecTHOit
6e21HocTit” a- npo~itaoaec “He’-tecTnoMy ñOraTcTay”.
B ILeJIoM, no PC3Y31ST~T~M 21~HHOFO itccJIe21oBaHitlI MO>KHO ¡3LI11BHTL, ‘4TO
Hait6o31ee pacnpoc~paiteu~~íe
~Kit3HCHHhICIlpitHI.I14IThI pyccr.Mx OTP~3itJIk4Cb ¡3
cne~yíonwx noc.noa-ituax u noroa-opzcax:
1 flcvi~ j¡e~>icaqitn
2.
3.
4.
5.
11,9%
KaMea-b u ao~a ue Te’4eT
9,5%
TepneHsse it Tpy21 a-ce nepeTpyr
‘-1rO Ha- ~e~aerca
a-ce ic .ly’4meMy
Ha c’¡acme a-aJIeñcs¡, a ca~ ne nJIOnsaH
—
—
3apaño-ra¡-m~sii .nOMOTb Jly’l1.ue ~pa~e~a-oro zcapanasi
9,4%
8,3%
8,3%
Pa331wuHoro po~a cneuii41wueczcitx oirreuicoa a pyccr<oM xapaicrepe O’4CHL MHOrO,
it 14MeHHO IlOC31O13itLXhI it noroaopicit U103¡30311110T OUIP~21C31itTb H~KOTO~MC Tit11it’4HL1~
‘lepTbí it xapaic~epitc~it¡cit pyccicoii MCHTaJ1LHOCTH.
fIpO631CMa ¡43Y’4CHHSI 41eHoMeHa pycczcoí~ MCHT~31LHOCT14 aicrya~~ita a ~ac~o~n~ee
BPCMS ucazc 213111 C~MOI4 Poccitit, TaK it 213111 ~itpoaoro coo6uIecTaa, Hy’zc21a10tlleroc11 a34141eKTitBHoM, HO KOPPCKTHOM no OTHOHICH1410 K P~”~’ 3THocaM, KY31bTyP~M
a3aitMO21eHcT¡314it MC~A<21Y Ha-Mit. K 21~HHOMY MOM~H1~ npaucTu.í’4ecxit 6eccnopHbíM
11B31IICTCII TOT 41aicr, ‘4TO Poccu.uu ce~ac I1POXO21HT Kpit3itcHbIit, nepeno~~&iit 3T~II He
TOJibicO a- o6siacTn 31<OHOM14KI4 it ~O3114TitK14,HO II a o631acTu KyJIbTypbI,
H~U14OH~YIbHO14 41unoco41uit, Ha-U14OHa31bHO~O caMOcO3HaHitM. Hepe21 CTpaHOH CTOHT
CC~bC3H~11
ripo6neMa
lC~K
—
y6epe’4b caou
HalIHOHa31LHLIC Kopitit,
caoio
Ky31bTypHy10, 21yXOBHyIO caMocTb, c 021H014 cTOpOHbI, 14 aKTHBHO ~~3¡3it¡3~ThC11 14
a-3aHMO21eHcTBOaaTb C 21pYfitMit Hapo21aM¡4, C 21PyF014 CTOpOHbI. OTcyTcTai¡e
6bí aec~ pycczci.iíi H~PO21 a6b131o, HanpitMep, ¡3 F021b1 BOI4HbI 143114 flOC31C13OCHHb1~
H~UitOH~JILHO14 M021CJ114, it21Cit, KOTOP~11 o6~e21¡4a-,uua
H~CTO51LUCC ¡3~CMM (zcazc 3T0
rO21bI), KaK u Heo6xo21nMocTb cucopeñinero ee 41opMupoa-am.ia OTMC’4~CTC11 CCI4’4~C
Y’4CHLIM14 ca~~íx ~a3HhIX Hanpaa-JIeHitii ry~aa-it~ap~~íx HayK. Ho ycToii’4aaMíi
cTpOH HOFILIX UCHHOcTCH, HOB~1¡ H~II14OH~JILH~5I it21ClI, MO21~31b 21031>KHLI CO321~I3~TbC3I
O6113aTe31bHO Ha OCHOB~ cyu~ecva-yiou~ero a 21aHHLIH MOM~HT MCHTa31HTeTa, c
~‘4CTOM~ex CTCpeoTitnOa, LteHHocTeíi it caepx¡~ea-~tocieit CaMOcO3HaHitlI, KOTOPL1~
ahIpa6oTaiIitcb y pycczcoro ~apo~a 3a aec~ nepito~ ero cyii~ec~aoa-a~it~i.
J~31M 3T0f0 Heo6xO21HMo TW~T~JILHO 143y’taTh it oTc31e~MitaaTb, KaK ocyuIecTan11CTC51 B3~14MHO~ ulO321eiicTBude it 143MCHCHI4C MCHTaJThHOCT14 it P~31it’4HbIX c41ep
~Kit3H14 o6tUeCT¡3a.
Be21¡-,
KPa14HC a-eo6xo21¡4Mo 3H~H1IC KaHaJIOB,
~epe~ KOTO~b1C
Ka’K21oe HO¡3O~ nOicOJICHite 13J1C~BL1C BH14TLIB~CT itH41opMaIu4lO o caoe~ 3THOC~ (a
Eslavística Complutense
2003,3
239-251
250
Tam.qHa fIeaIcHeea
HeKomopb¡e acneucmb¿
ucc.lieOoeaHuR pyccKou MeHma.Ji~Hocmu
3T0 acM pycci<a~i 21eTcKaM nit~epa~ypa it, 1<oHe’IHo, 41onbucnop), 3H~HI4C o TOM,
H~C1<O31bICO are~mi COUit~31it3~LtI414 (u, B nepay~ O’leP~21b, ceMbR) cnoco6cTayioT
41opM¡4poBaH¡410, nepe~a~e it 3~K~~Il31~Hit1O HOpM, IIeHHocTeH, Lj~31~it 14 it21eaJlO¡3,
oco6eHHocTeii MHpoao33peHitM, cneu.w41it’4Hbux ‘IepT xapa¡crepa it c~epeomnoa
CO3H~HH11 it noBe21eHitz, cOcTaanluOLIIitx pyccicyio MeHTaJILHocTb. F10CK031b1<y
HM~HHO Ha oc~oae 21aHHOH coa-oicyn~oc~it itH41OpMatLitit, ICOTOPY}O a6itpaeT ¡3
ce6~¡
Ka)K21Oe HOBoe noicoileHite, 3T0 noucone~ite 6y21eT O~F~Hit3OBbI¡3~Tb C¡3010 )Kit3Hb it
CTpO14TE> a3aitMO21eitcTaite KaK anyTpit, T~K it a-He col.lI4yMa.
CnncoK JiHTepaTyphI
(1996): Co6panue nocjzoeuy u no~oeopox pyccico¿o napoáa, Mocxaa.
FEPLHYHCKHII, U. C. (1996): Meumwzumem u o6pa3OeaHUe, HHCTW¡yT npaKrit’lecicOit
ncitxoJiOritH, Mocuosa.
Jl~AJ1b, B. 14. (1957): HocAoeu4bipyccKo¿o uapoóa, MocKaa.
)i~YUOB, 14. E. (1997): Meuma.rzbHocmbpoccu.suí, Mocucaa.
KALU3A, JI. A., IOPFAHOB, A. JI. (1993): I=Icmopu.f¿Poccuu VIII-XVBB, Mocucaa.
KOP’-IAH4HA, 14. (1997): JlapaóoKcbl Oyu¿u pyccucoñ aIceHujuHbL, MocKaa.
JIOCCKHI4, H. 0. (1990): Xapaucmep pycc~o¿o napoaa, Moc¡aia.
ME4~BE)I~EBA, 14.51., HI¡4HJOBA, T. .11. (1994): Kuu~a óilR mpyánbzxpoóume~Wu, Mocucaa.
HI>OflUI, B. 51. (1986): Hcmopu~ecKue KO~HU 6031we6u0u czca.3i<u, Jlernwrpa,zu.
VIPOVIH, B. 51. (1984): Pyccucan cKa3Ka, JleHrn¡rpa21.
CHKEBWI, 3. B. (1996): Hatjuouaizbuoe ca.Moco3Hauue pycczcux. (Coquoizo¿u~ecucuu
o~epJc), HHcTHTyT “OmpbíToe OóIItecTao”, MexaHHK, Mocucaa.
~EJI14LI,I4I-IA
B. fl., HPOXOPOB, 10. E. (1979): PyccKue nocJloeuybl, na?oeopKu u
K~bI31O~bl~ eblpaJlceuu.%i. fluH~?eocmpaHoeeó~ecucuu ciuoeapb, Moc¡caa.
251
Eslavísticrs Complutense
~oo3,3
~39-~s5~