CD00211-2015-TRABAJO COMPLETO

U N ID A D A C A D É M IC A D E C IE N C IA S S O C IA L E S
C A R R E R A D E C IE N C IA S D E L A E D U C A C IÓ N M E N C IÓ N IN G L É S
TE M A :
F A C T O R S T H A T H IN D E R S T U D E N T S T O
C LA S S R O O M
R E C O G N IS E A N D P R O D U C E S O M E
L A N G U A G E E X P R E S S IO N S T O
T A L K W IT H T H E T E A C H E R A N D
C LA S S M A TE S .
TR A B A JO
D E L T ÍT U L O
P R Á C T IC O
D E L E X A M E N C O M P L E X IV O
P R E V IO
A L A O B T E N C IÓ N
D E L IC E N C IA D A E N C IE N C IA S D E L A E D U C A C IÓ E S P E C IA L IZ A C IÓ N
IN G L É S
A U TO R A :
G U T IÉ R R E Z C E V A L L O S L IZ B E T H M A R IE L A
M A C H A L A - E L O R O
C E S IÓ N D E D E R E C H O S D E A U T O R
Y o , G U T IÉ R R E Z C E V A L L O S L IZ B E T H
M A R IE L A , c o n
d e la c a r r e r a d e C I E N C I A S D E L A E D U C A C I Ó N
A C A D É M IC A
D E
C IE N C IA S
S O C IA L E S
de
C . I . 0 7 0 6 7 2 3 7 5 6 , e s t u d ia n t e
M E N C IÓ N
la
IN G L É S d e
U N IV E R S ID A D
la U N I D A D
T É C N IC A
D E
M A C H A L A , e n c a lid a d d e A u t o r a d e l s ig u ie n t e t r a b a jo d e t it u la c ió n F A C T O R S T H A T
H IN D E R
S TU D E N TS
TO
R E C O G N IS E
L A N G U A G E E X P R E S S IO N S T O
A N D
P R O D U C E
S O M E
C LA S S R O O M
T A L K W IT H T H E T E A C H E R A N D C L A S S M A T E S .
D e c la r o b a jo j u r a m e n t o q u e e l t r a b a jo
a q u í d e s c r it o e s d e
m i a u to ría ; q u e n o
h a s id o p r e v ia m e n t e p r e s e n t a d o p a r a n in g ú n g r a d o o c a lif ic a c ió n p r o f e s io n a l.
E n c o n s e c u e n c ia , a s u m o la r e s p o n s a b i lid a d d e la o r ig in a lid a d d e l m is m o y e l
c u id a d o a l r e m it ir m e a la s f u e n t e s b ib lio g r á f ic a s r e s p e c t iv a s p a r a f u n d a m e n t a r
el
c o n t e n id o
e x p u e s to ,
a s u m ie n d o
la
r e s p o n s a b il id a d
fre n te
a
c u a lq u ie r
r e c la m o o d e m a n d a p o r p a r t e d e t e r c e r o s d e m a n e r a E X C L U S I V A .
C e d o a la U N I V E R S I D A D T É C N I C A D E M A C H A L A d e f o r m a N O E X C L U S I V A
c o n r e f e r e n c ia a la o b r a e n f o r m a t o d ig it a l lo s d e r e c h o s d e :
a.
In c o rp o ra r
la
m e n c io n a d a
d e m o c r a t iz a c ió n
C r e a t iv e
a
o b ra
al
n iv e l m u n d i a l,
C om m ons
r e p o s it o r io
re s p e ta n d o
d ig it a l
lo
in s t it u c i o n a l
e s t a b le c id o
por
A t r ib u c ió n - N o C o m e r c ia l- C o m p a r t ir I g u a l 4 . 0
la
p a ra
su
L ic e n c i a
I n t e r n a c io n a l
( C C B Y - N C - S A 4 . 0 ) , la L e y d e P r o p ie d a d I n t e le c t u a l d e l E s t a d o E c u a t o r ia n o y
e l R e g la m e n t o I n s t it u c io n a l.
b.
A d e c u a r la
a
in c o r p o r a r
c u a lq u i e r
c u a lq u ie r
c o r r e s p o n d ié n d o m e
a d a p t a c io n e s
con
fo rm a to
s is t e m a
com o
la
o
de
t e c n o lo g í a
s e g u r id a d
A u to r(a )
f in a li d a d
de
la
que
de
p a ra
uso
r e s p o n s a b i lid a d
no
se
en
in t e r n e t ,
d o c u m e n to s
de
v e la r
d e s n a t u r a lic e
el
así
com o
e le c t r ó n ic o s ,
por
d ic h a s
c o n t e n id o
o
s e n t id o d e la m is m a .
M a c h a la , 1 9 d e n o v ie m b r e d e 2 0 1 5
G U T IÉ R R E Z C E V A L L O S L IZ B E T H M A R IE L A
C .I. 0 7 0 6 7 2 3 7 5 6
II
E V A L U A T IO N P A G E O R V E R E D IC T
A f t e r w e h a v e r e a d a n d c h e c k e d t o t a l ly t h e p r e s e n t w o r k , a n d m a k e o b s e r v a t io n s w e
p ro c e e d to :
C h a m b a Z . J o h n M a rc e lo
Z a ld ú a M . E d d y M a rs h e l
ID : 0 7 0 2 0 1 8 1 7 7
ID : 0 7 0 2 6 4 0 1 0 3
C h a m a i d a n R . M a r i a C e c il i a
ID : 0 7 0 3 7 7 4 0 3 4
III
D E D IC A T IO N
A s w it h e v e r y t h in g I d o , I a m
h o n o u r e d t o d e d ic a t e t h is p a r t ic u la r w o r k t o m y p a r e n t s ,
t h e t w o p e o p le t h a t h a v e p r o v id e d m e w it h t h e t o o ls a n d v a lu e s n e e d e d t o b e w h e r e I
am
to d a y . M y p a re nts s u p p o rt m e
in
e v e r y d e c is io n
and
s te p
I t a k e . H o w e v e r , it is
n e c e s s a r y t o u n d e r s t a n d t h a t t h e y a llo w m e t a k e m y o w n d e c is io n s in o r d e r f o r m e t o
le a r n
fro m
m y
m is t a k e s .
A s
m y
fath e r
a lw a y s
says,
“ le a r n
and
g ro w
from
each
s e a t b a c k ” . I w ill n e v e r c e a s e t o t h a n k m y f a t h e r a n d m o t h e r f o r a ll t h e o p p o r t u n it ie s
t h a t t h e y h a v e o f f e r e d m e , f o r a ll t h e t e a c h in g s t h e y h a v e in s t ille d in m e a n d f o r e v e r y
p ie c e o f a d v ic e t h a t h a s c o m e o u t o f t h e ir m o u t h s . I a m
s o t h a n k f u l t o t h e m f o r p u t t in g
t h e ir t r u s t in m e t o d o w e ll in u n iv e r s it y a n d a c h ie v e a h ig h e r e d u c a t io n .
IV
A C K N O W LE D G E M E N T
I w o u ld
lik e
to
e x p re s s
m y d e e p e s t a p p r e c ia t io n
p o s s ib i lit y t o c o m p le t e t h is r e p o r t .
M a r c e lo
C ham ba
e n c o u ra g e m e n t,
L a s t b u t n o t th e
Z a m b ra n o ,
to
a ll t h o s e
w ho
p r o v id e d
m e
th e
A s p e c ia l g r a t it u d e I g iv e t o o u r t e a c h e r , L c . J o h n
w hos e
c o n t r ib u t io n
in
s t im u la t in g
s u g g e s tio n s
an d
h e lp e d m e t o c o o r d in a t e a n d w r it in g t h is r e p o r t.
le a s t , I w o u ld
lik e
to
t h a n k m y f a m ily : m y p a r e n t s , s is t e r s b e c a u s e
t h e y h a v e s u p p o r t e d m e s p ir it u a lly t h r o u g h o u t m y lif e .
V
F A C T O R S T H A T H IN D E R S T U D E N T S T O
C LA S S R O O M
R E C O G N IS E A N D P R O D U C E S O M E
L A N G U A G E E X P R E S S IO N S T O
T A L K W IT H T H E T E A C H E R A N D
C LA S S M A TE S
A u t h o r : L iz b e t h M a r ie la G u t ié r r e z C e v a llo s .
P r o f e s s o r G u id e : J o h n M a r c e lo C h a m b a Z a m b r a n o .
The
o v e r a l l o b je c t iv e
of
th e
p re s e n t
w o rk
is
to
d e t e r m in e
s t u d e n t s t o r e c o g n is e a n d p r o d u c e s o m e c la s s r o o m
c la s s .
“ C la s s r o o m
la n g u a g e ”
re fe rs
to
ty p e s
of
th e
fa c to rs
th a t
h in d e r
la n g u a g e e x p r e s s i o n s t o t a lk i n
la n g u a g e
in
any
s it u a t io n
in
th e
c la s s r o o m . T h is is t a lk e d b e t w e e n t h e t e a c h e r a n d t h e le a r n e r s . T h e n e c e s s it y t o u s e
s o m e c la s s r o o m
la n g u a g e e x p r e s s io n s t h a t w o u l d h e l p w it h
t h e in t e r a c t io n b e t w e e n
t e a c h e r - s t u d e n t m a k e s t h e le a r n in g e n v ir o n m e n t a n e f f e c t iv e in s t r u m e n t t o le a r n t h e
la n g u a g e
used
r e c o g n is in g
by
th e
te a c h e r
e x p r e s s io n s ,
in
th e
h in d e r i n g
a
c la s s r o o m ;
good
g iv e n
th a t,
c o m m u n ic a t io n
th e
stu d e n ts
b e tw e e n
a re
not
th e m . F o r th e
d e v e lo p m e n t o f t h is p r o je c t , s t u d e n t s w ill h a v e a g u id e d p r o c e s s , w h e r e b y t h e y w o u l d
a p p r o p r ia t e a t le a s t s o m e b a s ic e x p r e s s io n s a n d c o m m a n d s b y in s t r u c t io n s , g a m e s ,
in t e r a c t iv it y
le a r n t
in
b e g in n i n g
and
th e
o th e r re s o u rc e s
c la s s r o o m .
U s in g
f o r e n c o u r a g in g
a n d fo r th e m
t h a t w ill le t
th e
som e
c la s s ro o m
s tu d e n ts to
fe e l m o re
u n d e r s t a n d in g
la n g u a g e
e x p r e s s io n s
c o m f o r t a b le
in
a
f o r e ig n
is
a
hav e
goo d
la n g u a g e
t o b e g in t o t h in k in t h a t la n g u a g e . T h e m o r e t im e s t h e y u s e t h e p h r a s e s
a n d c la s s r o o m
e x p r e s s io n s , t h e c o m f o r t a b le t h e y w ill b e .
K ey
c la s s r o o m
W o rd s:
o f w h a t th e y
la n g u a g e ,
te a c h e r,
s tu d e n ts,
c o m m u n ic a t io n ,
f o r e ig n
la n g u a g e .
VI
F A C T O R E S Q U E IM P ID E N Q U E L O S A L U M N O S R E C O N O Z C A N Y P R O D U Z C A N
A LG U N A S C LA S S R O O M
L A N G U A G E E X P R E S S IO N S P A R A C O M U N IC A R S E
C O N S U M A E S T R O
Y C O M P A Ñ E R O S
A u t o r a : L iz b e t h M a r ie la G u t ié r r e z C e v a llo s .
P r o f e s o r G u í a : J o h n M a r c e lo C h a m b a Z a m b r a n o .
E l o b je t iv o g e n e r a l d e l p r e s e n t e t r a b a jo e s d e t e r m in a r lo s f a c t o r e s q u e im p id e n q u e
lo s e s t u d ia n t e s r e c o n o z c a n y p r o d u z c a n a lg u n a s e x p r e s io n e s d e le n g u a je e n e l a u la .
L e n g u a je
d e
a u la
se
r e f ie r e
a
t ip o s
de
le n g u a je
en
c u a lq u ie r s it u a c ió n
de
la
c la s e .
P u e d e s e r h a b la d o e n t r e e l p r o f e s o r y lo s a lu m n o s , o e n t r e lo s m is m o s e s t u d ia n t e s .
L a n e c e s id a d d e u t iliz a r a lg u n a s e x p r e s io n e s d e le n g u a je
e n tre
p r o f e s o r - a lu m n o
hace
que
e l a m b ie n t e
de
q u e a y u d e n l a in t e r a c c ió n
a p r e n d iz a je
sea
u na
in s t r u m e n t o
e f ic a z p a r a a p r e n d e r e l id io m a u t il iz a d o p o r e l p r o f e s o r ; t e n ie n d o e n c u e n t a q u e , lo s
e s t u d ia n t e s
no
e s tá n
r e c o n o c ie n d o
e x p r e s io n e s ,
im p id ie n d o
u na
buen a
c o m u n ic a c ió n e n t r e e l lo s . P a r a e l d e s a r r o llo d e e s t e p r o y e c t o lo s e s t u d ia n t e s t e n d r á n
un
p ro c e s o
g u ia d o , e n
e l cual se
a p r o p ia r á n
de
a l m enos
a lg u n a s
e x p r e s io n e s
y
c o m a n d o s b á s ic o s m e d ia n t e i n s t r u c c io n e s , ju e g o s , la in t e r a c t iv id a d y o t r o s r e c u r s o s
que
p e r m it a n
la
c o m p r e n s ió n
de
lo
que
han
a p r e n d id o
en
e l a u la .
U sar
a lg u n a s
e x p r e s io n e s d e le n g u a je d e a u la e s u n b u e n c o m ie n z o p a r a a n im a r a lo s e s t u d ia n t e s
a s e n t ir s e m á s c ó m o d o s e n u n id io m a e x t r a n je r o y p a r a q u e e llo s e m p ie c e n a p e n s a r
e n e s e id io m a . C u a n t a s m á s v e c e s e ll o s u s e n la s f r a s e s y e x p r e s io n e s d e a u la , m á s
c ó m o d o s s e s e n t ir á n .
P a la b ra s
c la v e :
le n g u a je
de
a u la ,
p ro fe s o r,
e s t u d ia n t e s ,
c o m u n ic a c ió n ,
id io m a
e x t r a n je r o .
V II
IN D E X
C o v e r ..................................................................................................................
F r o n t is p ie c e
.......................................................................................................
I
II
E v a lu a t io n p a g e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I II
D e d ic a t io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IV
A c k n o w le d g e m e n t .............................................................................................. V
A b s tra c ts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V I - V II
In d e x ............................................................................................................... V III
I n t r o d u c t io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
D e v e lo p m e n t
R e s u lt s
.....................................................................................................1 0
..............................................................................................................1 5
C o n c lu s io n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7
B ib l io g r a p h y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
V III
1.
IN T R O D U C T IO N
E v e r y t im e w h e n w e t e a c h a n o t h e r la n g u a g e , t h e o b je c t iv e o f a t e a c h e r is t o u s e t h e
t a r g e t la n g u a g e a s m u c h a s h e c a n . W h e n s t u d y in g
a d a y in
th e
is t h r o u g h
m ost com m on
w a y s t h a t la n g u a g e
a r e r e f e r r e d t o a s c la s s r o o m
“ C la s s r o o m
be
used
d a ily r o u t in e s ; t h e s e
la n g u a g e .
la n g u a g e is t h a t c o lle c t io n o f p h r a s e s u s e d f o r c o m m u n ic a t io n a m o n g
te a c h e r a n d s tu d e n ts , fr o m
b a th ro o m ? )
c la s s r o o m
can
t h e c la s s r o o m , o n e o f
W h ile
( O p e n y o u r b o o k s t o p a g e f ift e e n ) t o ( M a y I g o t o t h e
e m p h a s is
is
u s u a l ly
p la c e d
p r im a r ily
la n g u a g e , t o o , c a n b e a n in v a lu a b le
c o m m u n ic a t io n , s t u d e n t in v o lv e m e n t in
th e
on
th e
t a r g e t la n g u a g e ,
w a y o f p r o m o t in g
le s s o n , a n d
a c t iv e
E n g l is h a s r e a l
la n g u a g e
le a r n in g
s k ills ” . ( L o u w e r s e , 2 0 0 1 ) .
O th e r w o rd s th e
te a c h e r c a n
use
th e s e
e x p r e s s io n
as an
o p p o r t u n it y
or chance
to
m a x im iz e t h e t a r g e t la n g u a g e u s e a n d s t im u la t e it s u s e b y s t u d e n t s e v e r y s in g le d a y
in t h e c la s s r o o m
“ C la s s r o o m
easy
to
e x p r e s s io n s
can
u n d e rs ta n d , e a s y
be
to
a
r ic h
s o u rc e
of new
la n g u a g e
f o r o u r p u p i ls
u s e , p u r p o s e f u l la n g u a g e ; a ll t h a t is
needed
e f f o r t o n o u r p a r t t o in c o r p o r a t e t h e m in t o o u r t e a c h in g a n d e x p lo it t h e m
is
-
th e
t o t h e f u ll. ”
( B o r ja , M ille r , P a í n , & P o m e t , 2 0 1 4 ) .
U n f o r t u n a t e ly
la n g u a g e
a re
e x p r e s s io n s ,
c la s s m a t e s .
m o t iv a t io n
th e re
The
o f th e
la c k
stu d e n ts
w ho
c r e a t in g
a
of
use
of
te a c h e r, th e
do
poor
som e
use
not
r e c o g n is e
and
c o m m u n ic a t io n
c la s s r o o m
use
w it h
t h e ir
e x p r e s s io n s
o f m o th er to n g u e
in s t e a d
som e
it ’s
o f th e
c la s s r o o m
te a c h e r
an d
because
poor
t a r g e t la n g u a g e
( E n g lis h ) in e a c h c la s s .
C o n s e q u e n tly
e x p re s s io n s
it is
in
c o m m u n ic a tio n
s tu d e n ts
la n g u a g e .
c o u ld
In
n eces sary
each
in
use
c la s s ,
th is
c la s s . If th e
th e
te a c h e r
a d d it io n , if t h e
s tu d y b u t s h o w s th e
th a t te a c h e rs
w ay
every
te a c h e r m a k e
as
an
o f th e
s tu d e n t
a
th e
la n g u a g e
a
or
m odel
la n g u a g e
b y u s in g
s p e c ia l u s e
w ill
p ro p e r u s e
e x a m p le
te a c h e r tre a ts
im p o r t a n c e
en co u rag e
not
succeed
o f th e
fo r
o f b a s ic
a
la n g u a g e
p r o d u c t io n
ju s t a s
a
b e tte r
d a ily ,
of
th e
s u b je c t fo r
it , s t u d e n t s w ill b e
m o re
lik e ly t o a c h ie v e a b e t t e r a p p r e c ia t io n o f it .
9
2.
The
n e c e s s it y
in v o lv e s
th e
u s in g
to
m ake
m o re
m e a n in g fu l
t o o ls t h a t p e r m it t o
e d u c a t io n a l
D E V E LO P M E N T
e n v ir o n m e n t .
to
a s s im ila t e
C la s s r o o m
le a r n
an
a
f o r e ig n
a p p ro a c h
e x p r e s s io n s
u n d e r s t a n d t h e E n g l is h la n g u a g e in t h e c la s s r o o m
la n g u a g e ,
q u ic k ly a n d
as
m a in
E n g l is h ,
e a s ily
ax es
w it h i n
h e lp
to
e v e r y s in g le d a y . A q u ic k l in k w it h
t h e e x p r e s s io n s w il l a llo w t h e s t u d e n t s t o m a k e u s e o f t h e la n g u a g e t h a t s o m e t im e s it
is in e x p l ic a b le .
2 .1 C la s s ro o m
“ C la s s r o o m
c la s s r o o m
Language.
la n g u a g e
lik e
is
g iv in g
th e
r o u t in e
la n g u a g e
t h a t is
used
on
in s t r u c t io n s o f p r a is e , f o r e x a m p le : t a k e
a
r e g u la r b a s is
in
out your books
or
p le a s e s it d o w n . T h is is la n g u a g e t h a t t e a c h e r s a r e u s e d t o u s in g a n d s t u d e n t s a r e
u s e d t o h e a r in g , b u t w h e n t e a c h in g a la n g u a g e it t a k e s a w h ile t o le a r n t h is p a r t o f
t h e la n g u a g e . ” ( B ila s h , 2 0 0 9 )
A c c o r d in g w h a t I 'v e q u o t e d b e f o r e t h e u s e o f c la s s r o o m
la n g u a g e r e d u c e t h e u s e o r
m o t h e r t o n g u e a n d in c r e a s e t h e u s e o f t h e t a r g e t la n g u a g e in t h e s t u d e n t s ; it m a k e s
t h e la n g u a g e c la s s r o o m
e n v ir o n m e n t m o r e a u t h e n t ic .
2 .2 T e a c h in g c la s s ro o m
T h e re
a re
la n g u a g e
t e a c h e r s t h a t e x p e r ie n c e
in to
a
t e a c h e r s le a r n e d
w id e - o p e n
ju s t
by
la n g u a g e p o s e a c h a lle n g e .
to
le s s o n .
th e
and
( B a s h ir , A z e e m , &
o u t w h a t th e
second
a u t h e n t ic
lis t e n in g
The
d if f ic u lt ie s w h e n
d if f ic u lt y
la n g u a g e
c la s s r o o m
r e p e a t in g .
is
lie s
The
in
in
t h e m s e lv e s
la n g u a g e . “ W e
D o g a r, 2 0 1 1 ). T h e
c o r r e c t la n g u a g e
o fte n
te a c h e r
t r y in g
th a t
c re a te
m any
o r u s e c la s s r o o m
second
la n g u a g e
adopt
a
a re
not
to s p e a k o u r m o th e r to n g u e
te a c h e rs m u s t m a k e
o rd e r to
add
a f t e r t h e ir c h ild h o o d , s o
le a r n
can
to
th e
sam e
an
n a tu ra l
s p e c ia l w o r k
g e n u in e
e x p e r ie n c e
to
w a y ”.
seek
f o r t h e ir
s tu d e n ts .
N o r m a lly s t u d e n t s f in d d if f ic u lt i e s w h e n t a r g e t la n g u a g e ´ s f o r m
in t h e ir m o t h e r t o n g u e ; s t u d e n t s m u s t le a r n t o
r e c e iv e
does not m ake sens e
t h a t d if f e r e n t la n g u a g e s w o r k
in d is s im i la r w a y s .
10
2 .3 T e a c h in g c la s s ro o m
W e
s h o u ld
la n g u a g e
re m e m b e r
th ro u g h
c la s s r o o m
la n g u a g e
th a t
t h e ir
m any
te a c h e r
a c t iv it ie s w h ic h
t h e m . ” ( B o r ja , M ille r , P a in , &
o n ly
s c h o o l.
“ W it h
in
expose
c a t e g o r ie s : s o n g s , g a m e s , a r t s
s tu d e n ts
th e m
and
to th e
have
v e ry
new
m anner
l ik e
a
in s t ig a t e u s in g c la s s r o o m
H e re
w e
have
som e
young
la n g u a g e
c r a f t s , s t o r y t e llin g
and
w it h
th e
le a r n e r s ,
f a ll in t o
d ra m a
E n g lis h
p o s s ib l e
s e v e ra l b ro a d
and
s p e a k in g
to
P o m e t ) . F o r t h is r e a s o n , w e h a v e t o t r y t o t a k e b e n e f it
a b o u t t h e o p p o r t u n it ie s w e h a v e in c la s s t o u s e E n g lis h
p u rp o s e fu l
c o n ta c t
p a rt
of
a u t h e n t ic
in a m e a n in g f u l, n a t u r a l a n d
c o m m u n ic a t io n ,
so
it ’s
im p o r t a n t
to
la n g u a g e in E n g lis h r ig h t f r o m t h e b e g in n in g o f e v e r y c la s s .
s t r a t e g ie s
le a r n in g o f s o m e c la s s r o o m
th a t
a
te a c h e r
can
use
in
c la s s
to
f a c ilit a t e
th e
la n g u a g e e x p r e s s io n s :
S c a f f o ld e d w a y . ( S t e p b y s t e p ) . It m e a n s t h e t e a c h e r c o u ld s t a r t w it h e a s y a n d
s h o r t c o m m a n d s lik e
fo r
“ S it ” . A f t e r t h a t t h e
e x a m p le : “ s it d o w n , p le a s e ” . F in a lly
te a c h e r c a n
th e
s a y a lo n g e r c o m m a n d
t e a c h e r c o u ld
use
and
a lt e r n a t e
a n o t h e r w o r d s t h a t m e a n t h e s a m e t h in k .
A s soon
as you
in t r o d u c e
th e
p h ra s e s , u s e
th e m . T ry to
a p p ly a ll o f t h e m
e v e r y c la s s s o t h e s t u d e n t s a r e g o in g t o b e a b le t o u s e t h e m
“M a k e s u re th e s tu d e n ts k n o w
w h a t t h is la n g u a g e
t h e le a r n in g p r o c e s s ; t h e y s h o u ld k n o w
in
a s w e ll.
is f o r . D o n ’t le a v e
th e m
out of
t h a t t h e m o r e t h e y u s e t h e la n g u a g e , t h e
m o r e t h e y w ill d e v e lo p a n d t h a t t h e s e f o r m s a r e m e a n t t o h e lp u s e t h e la n g u a g e in
t h e m o s t n a t u r a l w a y p o s s ib le . ” ( B ila s h , 2 0 0 9 )
2 .4 E x p lo it cla s s ro o m
l a n g u a g e e f f e c ti v e l y .
“ B e a r in g in m in d t h e d if f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n S p a n is h a n d E n g lis h s t r e s s , r h y t h m
in t o n a t io n , w e
t h in k
c h u n k s , u s in g
th e
n a tu ra l a
c le a r ly
rh y th m
and
not
it ’s
e x t r e m e ly
a p p r o p r ia t e
s tro n g
a s p o s s ib le , s o
to o
q u ic k ly ,
im p o r t a n t t o
and
try to
and
teach
spoken
w e a k fo rm s , c o n tra c te d
use
li n k in g
try to
th e s e
w o rd s
e x p r e s s io n s in
to g e th e r
in t o
and
la n g u a g e
form s , a n d
in
as
c la s s s p e a k in g
la r g e r
u n it s
of
m e a n in g . ” ( B o r ja , M ille r , P a in , & P o m e t)
11
Y o u h a v e to k n o w
t h a t t h e a p p r o p r ia t e s t r e s s a n d
in t o n a t io n
a re fu n d a m e n ta l to g e t
t h e p r o p o s e d m e a n in g a c r o s s , s o f o c u s m o r e o n g e t t in g t h e s e f e a t u r e s r ig h t in s t e a d
of
th e
p e rf e c t
g e n u in e
p r o n u n c ia t io n
of
s e p a ra te
la n g u a g e , n o t a r t if ic ia lly
sounds.
C la s s r o o m
la n g u a g e
p re s e n te d , b u t p a rt of a n y
c la s s .
is
The
re a l a n d
m e a n in g
is
c o m m o n ly m a d e p r e t t y c le a r b y c o n t e x t , b u t d o n ’t w o r r y if m a y b e t h e s t u d e n t s d o n o t
c o m p re h e n d
e v e r y t h in g
im m e d ia t e ly . F a c ia l g e s t u r e s o r b o d y
la n g u a g e
w i ll h e lp
to
c o m p le m e n t t h e n e w e x p r e s s io n s .
T ry to
te a c h
th e
e x p r e s s io n s lit t le
s t u d e n t s a lr e a d y u s e t h e m , y o u
as m uch as you can
th e
e ffo rt y o u
p o s it iv e
and
b y l it t le
can
use
and
w hen
th e m
becom e
o t h e r w o r d s . S p e a k in
f a m il ia r a n d
t h e t a r g e t la n g u a g e
p r o b a b ly u s e s p a n is h o r t h e m o t h e r t o n g u e c o u ld
w ill m a k e
a t th e
m o m e n t to
e x c e ll e n t r e s u lt s , y o u
w ill b e
speak
in
s u r p r is e d
th e
be easy, but
t a r g e t la n g u a g e
how
m uch
th e
w il l b r in g
th e y c a n u n d e rs ta n d
t h e w o r d s y o u w e r e s a y in g in e n g l is h . " T a r g e t la n g u a g e p r o m o t e s n a t u r a l a c q u is it io n
a n d t h a t u s e o f t h e m o t h e r t o n g u e ( L 1 ) u n d e r m in e s t h is p r o c e s s b y d iv e r t in g a t t e n t io n
fro m
th e
o b je c t
of
p u p ils ’
le a r n in g . ”
( D ic k s o n ,
1996)
S o
use
E n g lis h
on
e v e ry
o c c a s io n , b u t n o t t o t h e m a g n it u d e o f p r o d u c e f r u s tr a t io n a n d in c o m p r e h e n s io n . T h e
t e a c h e r h a s t o b u ild u p a r e la t io n s h ip o f c o n f id e n c e a n d a f f e c t io n w it h t h e s t u d e n t s .
T h e r e is a t e c h n iq u e y o u c o u ld u s e is c a lle d “ s a n d w ic h in g ” t h a t m e a n s s a y a w o r d o r
e x p r e s s io n
h e lp
to
in
e n g lis h
in t r o d u c e
th e n
new
in
s p a n is h
e x p r e s s io n s
and
f in a l ly
an d
as
in
soon
e n g l is h
th e
a g a in . I m
s tu d e n ts
s u re
t h is
r e c o g n is e
w il l
an d
u n d e r s t a n d it , t h e y w ill u s e it a n d w ill c u t o u t t h e s p a n is h in t h e c la s s e s .
A n o t h e r w a y t h a t y o u s h o u ld u s e
is t h a t a l w a y s t h e r e is a s t u d e n t s w h o
u n d e rs ta n d
q u ic k ly s o t h e r e is t h e p o s s ib il it y t o g e t h im / h e r t o t e ll t o t h e r e s t o f t h e c la s s w h a t y o u
s a id b e f o r e lik e c h e c k in g h is u n d e r s t a n d in g
( in t h a t w a y , y o u a v o id u s in g t h e m o t h e r
t o n g u e ) , b u t g e n e r a lly t r y t o a v o id tr a n s la t io n w it h y o u r s t u d e n t s .
R e q u e s t s , c h o ic e s , g a m e s , le a d e r s h ip s
e n c o u ra g e
o u r s tu d e n ts
u s e o f c la s s r o o m
to
s p e a k in
a re
e n g lis h
d if f e r e n t s t r a t e g ie s
and
p ro d u c e
th a t w e
as m uch
as
can
use
th e y c a n
to
th e
la n g u a g e .
12
2 . 5 S i t u a ti o n s t h a t y o u c a n u s e c l a s s r o o m
T h e re
a re
m any
s it u a t io n s
th a t
you
can
la n g u a g e e x p re s s io n s .
use
c la s s r o o m
la n g u a g e
an d
th e s e
e x p r e s s io n s g iv e c o n f id e n c e t o t h e s t u d e n t 's c o m m u n ic a t io n s k ills .

G r e e t i n g s a n d f a r e w e ll s : e g . H e llo – g o o d m o r n in g – e n jo y y o u r d a y .

S p o n t a n e o u s r e a c t i o n s : e g . T h a n k y o u – c o n g r a t u la t io n s !

G e t t i n g t h e i r a t t e n t i o n : e g . L o o k – p a y a t t e n t io n , p le a s e . -

T e llin g
th e m
to
do
s o m e th in g :
eg. C an
you
B e q u ie t !
s p e ll t h a t w o r d
in
E n g lis h ?
–
re a d th e te x t.

E n c o u r a g i n g e x p r e s s i o n s : e g . V e r y w e ll! – g o o d jo b – g o a h e a d .
13

S h o w i n g s y m p a t h y : e g . - D o n 't g e t it , c a n y o u r e p e a t , p le a s e ?

C h e c k i n g t h e i r u n d e r s t a n d i n g : e g . I s it c le a r ? - A r e y o u r e a d y ? - W h o k n o w s
th e a n s w e r?

A s k in g fo r p e rm is s io n : e g . C a n I b o rro w
a p e n /e ra s e r/p a p e r?
- C an
I g o to
t h e t o ile t ?
14
R E S U LTS
W it h t h e u s e o f s o m e c la s s r o o m
c o m m u n ic a t io n
la n g u a g e
in
e x p r e s s io n s t h e t e a c h e r a n d s t u d e n t s c r e a t e a g o o d
e v e r y c la s s . I f t h e
d a i ly , s t u d e n t s w o n ’t u s e
t e a c h e r is
n o t a b le
w h a t te a c h e r s a y s
to
show
as an
p ro p e r u s e
e x a m p le
o f th e
o r m o d e l fo r
p r o d u c t io n .
T h e t e a c h e r a s a m o d e l c a n s t a r t u s in g t h o s e im p o r t a n t e x p r e s s io n s in e v e r y c la s s , in
th a t w a y
th e
s tu d e n t a d o p te d
th o s e
n ew
p h ra s e s
o r e x p r e s s io n s . T h e
use
o f th e
t a r g e t la n g u a g e in s t e a d o f t h e m o t h e r t o n g u e f o r c e s s t u d e n t s t o u s e it. H o w e v e r t h e
m a in
p u rp o s e
is
to
id e n t if y
p r o d u c e s o m e c la s s r o o m
th o s e
fa c to rs
th a t
h in d e r
s tu d e n ts
to
r e c o g n is e
an d
e x p r e s s io n s t o t a lk w it h t h e t e a c h e r a n d c la s s m a t e s .
T h r o u g h t h is r e s e a r c h I h a v e d e t e c t e d t h a t t h e t e a c h e r u s e t h e m o t h e r t o n g u e m o r e
t h a n t a r g e t la n g u a g e , s o t h e s t u d e n t s d o n ´ t r e c e iv e t h e e n o u g h e n c o u r a g e t o u s e a t
le a s t
som e
b a s ic
e x p r e s s io n s .
S om e
stu d e n ts
a re
sham ed
to
speak
in
E n g lis h
b e c a u s e t h e y d o n ’t f e e l c o m f o r t a b le .
A t t h e b e g in n in g o f a c la s s t h e t e a c h e r ju s t s a y s “ h e llo e v e r y o n e ” o r “ g o o d m o r n in g ”
as a
g r e e t in g , b u t t h e r e
a re
o t h e r u s e f u l e x p r e s s io n s o r p h r a s e s t h a t t h e y c a n
use
t r y in g t o k e e p a g o o d c o m m u n ic a t io n w it h t h e s t u d e n t s .
T h e r e a r e a lo t o f c la s s r o o m
e v e ry
s t u d e n t . T h a t ’s
w hy
e x p r e s s io n s t h a t c a n h e lp t o in c r e a s e t h e v o c a b u la r y o f
th e
s tu d e n ts
are
lim it e d
to
a n s w e r th e
sam e
w ay
e v e ry
g r a m m a t ic a l s t r u c t u r e s , b u t : H o w
about
day.
The
m o s t o f te a c h e rs are
fo c u s e d
to te a c h
t h e m o t iv a t io n t o s p e a k in E n g lis h ? H o w a b o u t t h e u s e o f c la s s r o o m
e x p r e s s io n s ?
I s t h e r e w h e n it b e c o m e s a n e c e s s it y t o c h a n g e t h e c u r r e n t m e t h o d o lo g y a n d a p p ly a
new
one
a c t iv it ie s
fe a rs ,
th a t
to
can
c re a te
in s e c u r it y
p ro m o te
a
and
o r a l c o m m u n ic a t io n , t h e
re la x e d
a tm o s p h e re
n e rv o u s n e s s
about
th a t
h e lp s
s p e a k in g
in
use
th e
of
gam es
s tu d e n ts
E n g l is h
w it h i n
and
e n jo y a b le
o v e rc o m e
a
t h e ir
c o o p e r a t iv e
e n v ir o n m e n t .
15
The
use
of
TP R
m e th o d
can
h e lp
th e
s tu d e n ts
to
get
in v o lv e
w it h
th e
la n g u a g e
b e c a u s e , “ t h is m e t h o d a t t e m p t s t o c e n t e r a t t e n t io n t o e n c o u r a g in g l e a r n e r s t o l is t e n
and
re s p o n d
to
th e
spoke n
t a r g e t la n g u a g e
c o m m a n d s o f t h e ir t e a c h e r s . ” ( B a h a s a
D a n S e n i, 2 0 0 5 )
T h e t e a c h e r h a s t o u s e d if f e r e n t w a y s t o m o t iv a t e t h e u s e o f c la s s r o o m
d u r in g c l a s s e s , in
th o s e
t h a t w a y s t u d e n t s a r e g o in g t o b e a b le t o r e c o g n is e
e x p r e s s io n s w it h o u t f e a r a n d
f e e lin g
m o re
c o m f o r t a b le
e x p r e s s io n s
a n d p ro d u c e
a t th e m o m e n t to
use
t h e m . U s in g w a ll d is p la y s w i ll h e lp in e v e r y le s s o n , b e c a u s e a s le a r n e r s g e t o ld e r , t h e
t e a c h e r c o u ld
in tro d u c e
som e
o f th e
e x p r e s s io n s
th e y
a re
a lr e a d y
w r it t e n f o r m . I f w e m a k e s o m e c a r d b o a r d s t r ip s a n d w e p u t t h e m
e x p r e s s io n s c le a r ly w r it t e n , f o r e x a m p le : “ M a y I g o
t h a t w e c o u ld s t ic k t h e m
to
o n t h e w a l l, a n d p o in t t o t h e m
t h e e x p r e s s io n s . T h is w i ll h e lp s t u d e n t s t o r e c o g n is e
t h a t e x p r e s s io n w it h t h e s p o k e n f o r m , m a k in g t h e
th e
f a m i lia r
w it h
in
o n t h e w a l l w it h t h e
b a t h r o o m , p le a s e ? ” a f t e r
w h e n w e o r th e s tu d e n ts u s e
a n d a s s o c ia t e t h e w a y t o
le a r n in g o f c la s s r o o m
w r it e
e x p r e s s io n s
e a s ie r .
16
C O N C L U S IO N
I n c o n c lu s io n , t h e im m e d ia t e p r a c t ic a lit y o f u s e o f c la s s r o o m
la n g u a g e h e lp s s t u d e n t s
t o a p p r e c ia t e E n g lis h a s a g e n u i n e c o m m u n ic a t io n d e v e lo p i n g t h e ir c o n f id e n c e a t t h e
m o m e n t to
use
speak and
use
c la s s r o o m
o f e x p r e s s io n s , r e in f o r c e d
w it h
la n g u a g e . T h r o u g h
a
d iv e r s it y
th e
r e g u la r a n d
o f n o n -v e rb a l p ro m p ts , te a c h e rs c a n
h e lp s t u d e n t s t o u n d e r s t a n d , r e c o g n is e a n d e n jo y u s in g c la s s r o o m
The
am ount
m o t iv a t io n
of
spoken
o f th e
E n g lis h
g r o u p , le s s o n
in
c la s s
p la n s a n d
depends
on
m any
la n g u a g e .
fa c to rs
e x e r c is e s p e r f o r m e d
w it h
such
th e
t y p e o f e x e r c is e s a n d t e a c h e r in v o lv e m e n t in t h e p r o c e s s o f e n c o u r a g in g
E n g lis h .
M aybe
m o t iv a t io n
and
it
a
c o u ld
good
be
a
d if f ic u lt
w o rk
n u m b e r o f in t e r e s t in g
o r g a n iz e d
at
f ir s t
but
e x e r c is e s
to
I
t h in k
th e
th a t
as
th e
g ro u p , th e
th e u s e o f
w it h
enoug h
s tu d e n ts th e
te a c h e r
c a n h a n d le t h is w o r k . L a s t b u t n o t le a s t it ’s v e r y im p o r t a n t t o f a m ilia r iz e o r in t r o d u c e
f r o m t h e b e g in n in g o f t h e le s s o n , a c la s s r o o m la n g u a g e t h a t c a n b e u s e d in a n a t u r a l ,
e a s y w a y , s o t h e s t u d e n t s c a n a d o p t E n g lis h a s a n im p o r t a n t t o o l t o c o m m u n ic a t e i n
c la s s .
17
B IB L IO G R A P H Y
B a h a s a D a n S e n i, T . ( 2 0 0 5 ) . T e a c h in g C h i ld r e n U s in g a T o t a l P h y s ic a l R e s p o n s e .
B a s h ir , M . , A z e e m , M ., & D o g a r , A . H . ( 2 0 1 1 ) . F a c t o r E f f e c t in g S t u d e n t s ’ E n g lis h S p e a k in g S k ills .
B ila s h , O . ( 2 0 0 9 , M a y ) . B e s t o f B ila s h . R e t r ie v e d f r o m
h t t p : / / w w w . e d u c . u a lb e r t a .c a / s t a f f / o le n k a .b ila s h / b e s t % 2 0 o f % 2 0 b ila s h / c la s s r o o m % 2 0 la n g u a
g e .h tm l
B o r ja , A . , M ille r , F . , P a ín , A . , & P o m e t , J . ( 1 8 d e S e p t e m b e r d e 2 0 1 4 ) . S c r i b d I n c . O b t e n id o d e
h t t p : / / e s . s c r ib d . c o m / d o c / 2 4 0 1 4 7 6 2 1 / F r a s e s - I n t e r a c t u a r - A u la - I n g le s # s c r ib d
B o r ja , A . , M ill e r , F . , P a in , M . A ., & P o m e t , J. ( s .f .) . Q u a d e r n s D ig i t a ls . O b t e n id o d e
h t t p : / / w w w . q u a d e r n s d ig it a ls . n e t / d a t o s _ w e b / b ib lio t e c a / l_ 2 5 0 / e n L in e a / 8 . p d f
D ic k s o n , P . ( 1 9 9 6 ) . U s in g t h e t a r g e t la n g u a g e : A v ie w f r o m t h e c la s s r o o m . N F E R , 1 .
L o u w e r s e , M . ( 2 0 0 1 , J u n e 1 5 ) . e lt n e w s . c o m . R e t r ie v e d f r o m
h t t p : / / w w w . e lt n e w s . c o m /f e a t u r e s / k id s _ w o r ld / 2 0 0 1 / 0 6 / e n c o u r a g in g _ c la s s r o o m _ la n g u a g e . h
tm l
18