¿Quieres que Te Ayude Personalmente a Pronunciar y Comunicar

Sólo para Estudiantes Prestigiosos, Profesionales, Empresarios, Turistas Exigentes ¢4XLHUHVTXH7H$\XGH௙
3HUVRQDOPHQWH
D3URQXQFLDU\&RPXQLFDUHQ,WDOLDQR
GHIRUPD3UiFWLFD)OXLGD\5iSLGD"
∼ Sesión Inicial Estratégica Gratis ∼
'HVGHOD2ILFLQDGH0DUFR1LVLGD
&DWDQ]DUR,WDOLD
4XHULGRDDPLJRD
(VWR\EXVFDQGRXQFOLHQWH³GHVWDFDGR´DOFXDO௙
HQVHxDUSHUVRQDOPHQWHD
SURQXQFLDUKDEODUFRPSUHQGHU\FRPXQLFDUIOXLGDPHQWHHQLWDOLDQR
6LW~HUHVHVHFOLHQWH௙
WUDEDMDUpSHUVRQDOPHQWHFRQWLJRXQRDXQRSDUD
HQVHxDUWHD௙
FRPXQLFDUIOXLGDPHQWHHQLWDOLDQRFRPRORKDUtDXQLWDOLDQR
QDWLYR௙
GXUDQWHODVSUy[LPDVVHPDQDV
$QWHVGHGHVYHODUWHFyPRSXHGHVUHVHUYDUWXVHVLyQHVWUDWpJLFDJUDWXLWDFRQPLJR
SHUPtWHPHKDFHUWHDOJXQDVSUHJXQWDV
¢&yPR7H6HQWLUtDV6L3XGLHUDV
‫ ڮ‬FRQVHJXLUXQDVFHQVRSRUVDEHUWHFRPXQLFDUFRQWXVMHIHVLWDOLDQRV"
‫ ڮ‬HQFRQWUDUXQPHMRUWUDEDMRFRQHPSUHVDVLWDOLDQDVHQ,WDOLDRDOH[WHULRU"
‫ ڮ‬YHQGHUWXVSURGXFWRVRVHUYLFLRVDFOLHQWHVLWDOLDQRVGHDOWDFDOLGDG"
‫ ڮ‬HYLWDUIDVWLGLRVRVSUREOHPDVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQFRQWXSDUHMDLWDOLDQD"
‫ ڮ‬VHQWLUWHPiVFHUFDGHWXVIDPLOLDUHVQLHWRVKLMRVTXHYLYHQHQ,WDOLD"
‫ ڮ‬YLYLUHPRFLRQHVPDUDYLOORVDVGXUDQWHWXVYLDMHVRHVWDGtDVHQ,WDOLD"
‫ ڮ‬VXSHUDUODVROHGDG\HODLVODPLHQWRFDXVDGRVSRUQRVDEHUKDEODU"
‫ ڮ‬VXSHUDUODYHUJHQ]D\HOPLHGRGHFRPHWHUHUURUHVDOH[SUHVDUWH"
‫ ڮ‬YLYLUODHPRFLyQGHFRPSUDUXQDFDUWHUD*XFFLHQXQSHUIHFWRLWDOLDQR"
1R'HEHUtD'HFtUWHOR«3HUR«
¢3XHGHVSHUPLWLUWHSURQXQFLDULWDOLDQRGHIRUPDSREUHRSRFRFRPSUHQVLEOH"
¢3XHGHVHQIUHQWDUHOFRVWRGHSDUHFHULQDGHFXDGRLJQRUDQWHHQLWDOLDQRFXDQGRHQ
UHDOLGDGHUHVXQDSHUVRQDFXOWDHQWXSURSLRLGLRPD"¢9DOHODSHQDKDEHUSDJDGR
WDQWRSDUDXQYLDMHD,WDOLD\OXHJRVHQWLUWHIUXVWUDGRDSRUTXHQRSXHGHV
FRPXQLFDUWH"9DPRVDVHUFODURVHVLPSRVLEOHSHUFLELUODPDUDYLOODLWDOLDQDVLQ
SRUORPHQRVSRGHUFRPXQLFDUGHIRUPDEiVLFDHQ,WDOLDQR
6XSRQJRTXHQDGLHTXLHUDVHQWLUWHDLVODGRPDUJLQDGRHVW~SLGRVLQFRQWURO௙
DOD
PHUFHGGHODVWUDPSDVSDUDWXULVWDV(VWDVVRQDOJXQDVGHODVPRWLYDFLRQHVSRUODV
FXDOHVSRGUtDVGHVHDUSUHSDUDUWHGLUHFWDPHQWHFRQPLJR\DVtVXSHUDUWRGDVDTXHOODV
HYHQWXDOLGDGHVQHJDWLYDV\SRGHUGLVIUXWDUGHODDOHJUtD\IHOLFLGDGTXH,WDOLD\VX
JHQWHVDEHQSURSRUFLRQDUDVXVYLVLWDQWHVH[WUDQMHURV
,PDJtQDWHDKRUDFDPLQDQGRGHQWURGHO&ROLVHR5RPDQR\FRPXQLFDUWHHILFD]PHQWH
FRQRWURVLWDOLDQRVHVWDUHQODPDUDYLOORVD9HQHFLD\VDEHUSHGLUFRUUHFWDPHQWH
LQGLFDFLRQHVHLQIRUPDFLRQHV,PDJtQDWHHQXQDWLHQGDSUHVWLJLRVDSLGLHQGRFRQ
VHJXULGDG\HVWLORDOJRTXHVLHPSUHTXLVLVWHLPDJtQDWHKDFLHQGRDPLVWDGFRQJHQWH
DOHJUH\GLVIUXWDQGRGHXQDFHQDH[TXLVLWDTXHW~PLVPRDKDVVDELGRRUGHQDU«
&XDQGRWXYHODHQRUPHIRUWXQDGHYLVLWDUWXSDtVQRVyORPHVHQWtDXQRGH
XVWHGHVVLQRTXH\HOJUDQPpULWRHVWX\RSXGHFRPXQLFDUPHVLQXQVROR
SUREOHPD1DGLHPHFRUULJLyQLVHEXUOy/RSDVpGHPDUDYLOODV\UXHJRD'LRV
PHGpXQDQXHYDRSRUWXQLGDGSDUDYLDMDUD,WDOLD8QDEUD]RHQRUPH
∼0LJXHOGL0DWWHR∼
¢&XiQWRYDOHSDUDWLWRGRHVWR"¢&XiQWRHVLPSRUWDQWHSDUDWLKDFHUWHFRPSUHQGHU\
SRGHUILQDOPHQWHSURQXQFLDULWDOLDQRGHIRUPDFRUUHFWD"
¢&XiQWRYDOHSDUDWLVXSHUDUGHILQLWLYDPHQWHODIUXVWUDFLyQGHQRSRGHUWHFRPXQLFDU
\DSUHQGHUDSURQXQFLDUFRUUHFWDPHQWH\FRPXQLFDUIOXLGDPHQWHHQLWDOLDQRSDUD
YLYLUODVHPRFLRQHVSRVLWLYDVTXHFLHUWDPHQWHPHUHFHV"
(VWD6HVLyQ,QLFLDOHV7RWDOPHQWH*UDWXLWD
7HH[SOLFRSRUTXp
/DSULPHUDFRVDTXHKDUpSRUWLVHUiD\XGDUWHSHUVRQDOPHQWHDFUHDUXQSODQ
HVWUDWpJLFRTXHWHSHUPLWDDSUHQGHUDGRPLQDUHOLGLRPDLWDOLDQRHQSRFRWLHPSR
$GHPiVGXUDQWHHVWDSULPHUDVHVLyQWHHQVHxDUpSHUVRQDOPHQWHDSURQXQFLDU\
FRPXQLFDUPXFKDVIUDVHV~WLOHVHQLWDOLDQRFRPRORKDUtDXQLWDOLDQRQDWLYR
(VXQDVHVLyQWRWDOPHQWHJUDWXLWD\VyORQRVOOHYDUiPLQXWRVGHWLHPSR
MXQWRV
'HVSXpVGHKDEHUKHFKRHVWRGXUDQWHPXFKRVDxRVVR\EDVWDQWHEXHQRHQRIUHFHU
UHVXOWDGRVUiSLGRV
'HWRGDVIRUPDV௙
haré que aprender italiano te resulte fácil, rápido y divertido​
«
௙HQVHxiQGRWHH[DFWDPHQWHHOPpWRGRSDUDSURQXQFLDUKDEODU
UHVSRQGHU\FRPXQLFDUHQLWDOLDQRGHIRUPDSUiFWLFDDOHJUH\HILFD]
$OWHUPLQDUHVWDVHVLyQHVWUDWpJLFDLQLFLDO௙
XQDGHHVWDVGRVFRVDVRFXUULUi
$PDUiVHVWDHVWUDWHJLD௙
\GHFLGLUiVLPSOHPHQWDUODSRUWXFXHQWD6LHVWHVHUiHO
FDVRWHGHVHDUpPXFKRp[LWR\WDQWDIHOLFLGDG
$PDUiVHVWDHVWUDWHJLD\TXHUUiV௙
FRQYHUWLUWHHQPLFOLHQWH௙
SDUDTXHWH
D\XGHSHUVRQDOPHQWHSDVRSDVRDGRPLQDUHOLGLRPDLWDOLDQRFRPRKDUtDXQ
LWDOLDQRQDWLYRHQSRFRWLHPSR5HVXOWDGRV*DUDQWL]DGRV
6LHVWHIXHVHHOFDVRHQWRQFHVWHQGUiVODWRWDOJDUDQWtDGHTXHGHQWURGHSRFDV
VHPDQDVKDEODUiV\FRPXQLFDUiVIOXLGDPHQWHHQLWDOLDQRVHJ~QWXVGHVHRV
(QOD³LPSRVLEOH´HYHQWXDOLGDGGHTXHKD\DVVHQWLGRTXHKHGHVSHUGLFLDGRWX
WLHPSR௙
WHUHJDODUpLQPHGLDWDPHQWHXQDFRSLDH[FOXVLYDGHPL³9LGHR&XUVR
6HPHVWUDOGH,WDOLDQR´YDORUDGRHQ86௙
\FRQVLGHUDGRHOPiVHILFD]GHO
PXQGR௙
௙
6LQQLQJXQDSUHJXQWD7XWLHPSRHVORPiVLPSRUWDQWHSDUDWL\ORUHVSHWR
(VDVtGHVLPSOH
3LpQVDORGHODVLJXLHQWHIRUPD
/DFRVD³SHRU´TXHSXHGHSDVDUWHHVUHFLELUHOPHMRU9LGHR&XUVRGH,WDOLDQRDO
0XQGR௙
HQUHJDOR௙
SRUKDEHU³SHUGLGR´PLQXWRVGHWXWLHPSR
/DFRVDPHMRUTXHSXHGHSDVDUWHHVTXHWUDEDMDUHPRVMXQWRVXQRDXQRSDUD
TXHSXHGDVGRPLQDUHOLGLRPDLWDOLDQRFRPRKDUtDXQLWDOLDQRQDWLYR
&RQWDQVyORXQDYH]GHKDEHUDWHQGLGRWXVFODVHVQRKHWHQLGRSUREOHPDVHQ
KDEODUHQLWDOLDQRGXUDQWHPLKHUPRVRYLDMHD,WDOLD1XQFDXQSUREOHPDGH
FRPSUHQVLyQQLGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ7HDJUDGH]FRSRUWXVPDUDYLOORVDVFODVHV
$EUD]RJUDQGH\JUDFLDV0DUFR࣡
∼-RUJH6∼
7H([SOLFR3RUTXH(VWD6HVLyQ
3XHGH$\XGDUWHD5HDOL]DU7X6XHxRGH
&RPXQLFDUFRPRXQ,WDOLDQR1DWLYR
$VtHVFRPRIXQFLRQDUi
3ULPHURQRVKDEODUHPRVXQRDXQRSRU6N\SHR7HOpIRQR\FRPSUHQGHUHPRVWXV
PRWLYDFLRQHV\QHFHVLGDGHVGHDSUHQGHUHOPDUDYLOORVRLGLRPDLWDOLDQR
&RPSUHQGHUHPRVWXDFWXDOQLYHOGHLWDOLDQRFXiOHVVRQWXVQHFHVLGDGHV\
PRWLYDFLRQHVFXiOHVVRQWXVPHWDVDPELFLRQHV\HQTXpWLHPSRVQHFHVLWDV
DOFDQ]DUODV
(QFXDQWRWHQJDPRVHVWDV³LQIRUPDFLRQHV´WHD\XGDUpDFUHDUXQSODQHVWUDWpJLFR
SDUDTXHSXHGDV௙
GRPLQDUHOLGLRPDLWDOLDQRFRPRKDUtDXQLWDOLDQRQDWLYRHQ
SRFRVPHVHV
$GHPiVWHHQVHxDUpDSURQXQFLDUSHUIHFWDPHQWHPXFKDVIUDVHV~WLOHVHQLWDOLDQR\
SUREDUiVODHPRFLyQGHFRPXQLFDUFRQPLJRHQLWDOLDQRHQXQDFRQYHUVDFLyQ
&LHQWRVGH7HVWLPRQLRV6XSHU3RVLWLYRV
4XLHURFRQWDUXQSRFRVREUHPLH[SHULHQFLDGHDSUHQGL]DMHFRQ0DUFR
7HQtD OD QHFHVLGDG GHDSUHQGHULWDOLDQRHQFRUWRWLHPSRSRUPRWLYRVGHHVWXGLR\
WUDEDMR FRPR PpGLFR HQ 1iSROHV ,WDOLD \ DIRUWXQDGDPHQWH KH HQFRQWUDGR HVWD
PDUDYLOORVDVROXFLyQ
+H RSWDGR SRU HO FXUVR SHUVRQDOL]DGR \ SXHGR GHFLU TXH HQ GRV PHVHV \ PHGLR
WHQJR XQ PX\ EXHQGRPLQLRGHOLGLRPD/DHVWUDWHJLDGHHQVHxDQ]DTXHVHXWLOL]D
KDFH TXH ODV VHVLRQHV VHDQ PX\ DPHQDV TXH VH DSUHQGD GH XQD PDQHUD IOXLGD\
TXH DGHPiV VH JDQH FDGD YH] PiV FRQILDQ]D HQ ODV KDELOLGDGHV OLQJtVWLFDV TXH
VHSRVHHQ
0DUFR HV XQD SHUVRQD PX\ HQWXVLDVWD \ DOHJUH OR FXDO HV FRQWDJLDQWH SHUR D OD
YH] HV HVWULFWR HQ HO VHQWLGR SRVLWLYR GH OD SDODEUD SXHV QR GHMD SDVDU QLQJ~Q
HUURU GH WDO IRUPD TXH VH SXHGD PHMRUDU FDGD YH] PiV 6X LGHD QR HV TXH VXV
HVWXGLDQWHV VREUHYLYDQ VLQR TXH DSUHQGDQ XQD OHQJXD TXH OHV SHUPLWD VHQWLUVH
FyPRGRV \ KDFHU GHO LWDOLDQR PiV TXH XQD H[SHULHQFLD OLQJtVWLFD XQD
H[SHULHQFLDGHYLGD
0HSDUHFHTXHODLQYHUVLyQHQHVWHFXUVRYDOHWRWDOPHQWHODSHQD\ORUHFRPLHQGR
D RMR FHUUDGR (Q HVWH PRPHQWR PH VLHQWR WUDQTXLOR SRUTXH Vp TXH PL YLDMH D
,WDOLD VHUi XQD H[SHULHQFLD PDUDYLOORVD \ DFWXDOPHQWH HO LWDOLDQR QR HV XQD
SUHRFXSDFLyQ*UD]LHFDUR0DUFR࣡
∼6DQWLDJR9DOOHMR*RQ]iOH]∼
£&RQPLJR+DEODUiV,WDOLDQR
3XHGRHQVHxDUWHDKDEODUFRPSUHQGHUUHVSRQGHUSURQXQFLDUH[SUHVDUWH\
FRPXQLFDUHQLWDOLDQRFRPRORKDUtDXQLWDOLDQRQDWLYR௙
JUDFLDVDPLPpWRGR
~QLFRGHDVLPLODFLyQHVWUDWpJLFD\SUiFWLFDFRQVWDQWH
0LPpWRGRQRVSHUPLWH௙
SUDFWLFDUWRGRHOWLHPSRHQLWDOLDQR௙
XWLOL]DQGR
FRQYHUVDFLRQHVLQWHUHVDQWHVIUDVHV~WLOHVVLWXDFLRQHVUHDOHVFRPRORKDUtDXQ
LWDOLDQRQDWLYR
$GHPiVSXHGRHQVHxDUWHPXFKDVFRVDVLQWHUHVDQWHVDFHUFDGHODFXOWXUDLWDOLDQDGH
VXKLVWRULDPLOHQDULDGHVXFRFLQDGHVXDUWHGHVXP~VLFD«
3XHGRPRWLYDUWH\PDQWHQHUWHDOHJUH\IHOL]GXUDQWHWRGRHOSURFHVRSDUDTXH
SXHGDVGLVIUXWDUGHXQDSUHQGL]DMHGLYHUWLGRPRWLYDGR\HILFD]௙
7XFHUHEUR
SURFHVDPHMRUODVLQIRUPDFLRQHVQXHYDVFXDQGRWHVLHQWHVDOHJUH\PRWLYDGRD
'XUDQWH(VWD6HVLyQ(VWUDWpJLFDGH
3UXHED,QLFLDO*UDWXLWD௙
$SUHQGHUiV௙
D
‫ٳ‬
‫ٳ‬
‫ٳ‬
‫ٳ‬
‫ٳ‬
3URQXQFLDU&RUUHFWDPHQWHORV3ULQFLSDOHV)RQHPDV,WDOLDQRV
'HWHFWDU\&RUUHJLU7XV3ULQFLSDOHV'HIHFWRVGH3URQXQFLDFLyQ
8WLOL]DU9HUERV0iJLFRVSDUD([SUHVDUWHHQ&XDOTXLHU6LWXDFLyQ
7UXFRVSDUD2EWHQHU3DODEUDV,WDOLDQDVD3DUWLUGHO(VSDxRO
6XSHUDUOD9HUJHQ]D\HO0LHGRGH([SUHVDUWHHQ,WDOLDQR
‫ض‬௙
<FRPRGLMHDQWHV௙
HVWDVHVLyQLQLFLDOHVWRWDOPHQWHJUDWXLWD
(QWRQFHV3RU4Xp/R+DJR"
'RVUD]RQHV
3ULPHURORGLVIUXWR௙
௙
$
௙\XGDUDORVGHPiVDFRQVHJXLUUHVXOWDGRVFRQFUHWRVHVOR
TXHKDJRPHMRU௙
\PHKDFHVHQWLUPX\SHURPX\IHOL]YHUDOJXLHQUHDOL]DQGRVX
VXHxRGHGRPLQDUHOLGLRPDLWDOLDQRFRPRORKDUtDXQQDWLYRFRPRUHVXOWDGRGHPL
D\XGDSHUVRQDO
6HJXQGR௙
HVDVtTXHDWUDLJRFOLHQWHVH[FOXVLYRV\GHPX\DOWRQLYHO௙
$VtHVFRPRIXQFLRQD
6XSRQLHQGR௙
TXHPLPpWRGRWHHQFDQWH\TXHWHRIUH]FDUHVXOWDGRVPX\DPHQRV௙
SUREDEOHPHQWHTXHUUiVTXHVLJDD\XGiQGRWHDFRQVHJXLUWXPHWDGHGRPLQDUHO
LGLRPDLWDOLDQRFRPRORKDUtDXQQDWLYRGXUDQWHORVSUy[LPRVPHVHV
6LHVWHIXHVHHOFDVRSRGUtDLQYLWDUWHDFRQYHUWLUWHHQXQRGHPLVFOLHQWHVH[FOXVLYRV
VyORDGPLWRQXHYRVHVWXGLDQWHVSDUDHODxR
2)5(=&275$16)250$&,21(6<5(68/7$'26*$5$17,=$'26
'HSHQGLHQGRGHODH[FHOHQFLDGHORVUHVXOWDGRVTXHGHVHDVSXHGHVREWHQHUODV
WUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVFRPSOHWDVFRQXQDLQYHUVLyQDSDUWLUGH࣡
௙
86DOPHV
«SHURVLSLHQVDVHQORVUHVXOWDGRV௙
HVWRHVUHDOPHQWHPX\HFRQyPLFR
3RUTXp"
3RUTXHDSUHQGHUDFRPXQLFDUHQLWDOLDQRFRPRORKDUtDXQQDWLYRQRWLHQH
SUHFLR\SXHGHFDPELDUWXYLGDSDUDVLHPSUH௙
$SUHQGHUDGRPLQDUHOLGLRPD
LWDOLDQRFRPRORKDUtDXQQDWLYRSXHGHPHMRUDUWXHVWLORGHYLGDWXSUHVWLJLRVRFLDO
ODFDOLGDGGHWXVUHODFLRQHVODFDOLGDGGHWXSURIHVLyQODFDOLGDGGHWXVYLDMHV
,PDJtQDWHKDEODQGRXQLWDOLDQRSHUIHFWR௙
PLHQWUDVDGPLUDVORVPRQXPHQWRV
PLOHQDULRVGH5RPDPLHQWUDVFRPSUDVURSD$UPDQLHQ0LOiQPLHQWUDVYLYHVOD
³GROFHYLWD´HQ,WDOLD«WRGDVHVWDVHPRFLRQHVPDUDYLOORVDVQRWLHQHQSUHFLR«
<PLUD6LQRTXLHUHVFRQYHUWLUWHHQXQFOLHQWHQRWHSUHRFXSHVGHHOOR1R
LQWHQWDUpYHQGHUWHQDGDQLUHFLELUiVSUHVLRQHVGHQLQJ~QWLSRMDPiV
De hecho, esta es mi “INCREÍBLE PROMESA” para ti. 1XHVWUD6HVLyQ3HUVRQDOL]DGD,QLFLDO6HUi
0X\7UDQVIRUPDGRUD\ÒWLO27H5HJDODUp
,QPHGLDWDPHQWHHO9LGHR&XUVR6HPHVWUDOGH
,WDOLDQRSDUD&RPSHQVDU7X7LHPSR
(VWDHVXQDRIHUWDWDQPDUDYLOORVDTXHSUREDEOHPHQWH௙
MDPiV࣡
ODYHUiVRIUHFLGDSRU
DOJXLHQPiVHQQLQJXQDSDUWHGHOPXQGR
3LpQVDOR
9R\DJHQHUDUSHUVRQDOPHQWHXQSODQHVWUDWpJLFRGHDSUHQGL]DMHVyOR௙
SDUDWL௙
JUDWXLWDPHQWH࣡
\VLIXHVH௙
HOFDVR࣡
WHSHUPLWLUpSDJDUPHGHVSXpVVL௙
\VyORVL࣡
GHFLGLUiVWHQHUPHFRPRWXLQVWUXFWRUSHUVRQDOL]DGRGXUDQWHORVSUy[LPRVPHVHV
$GHPiVHVWR\GHPRVWUiQGRWHPLEXHQDIHJDUDQWL]iQGRWHTXHHQFRQWUDUiVHVWD
VHVLyQHVWUDWpJLFDGHLQPHQVRYDORUR௙
7H3DJDUpUHJDOiQGRWHHO9LGHR&XUVRGH
,WDOLDQR0iV(ILFD]DO0XQGR௙
VyORSRUKDEHUGHVSHUGLFLDGRWXWLHPSR
6yORGtPHOR\HVWX\R6LQKDFHUWHSUHJXQWDV
4XLpQ0iV/R+DUtD"
1$',(௙
௙
Lo he comprobado​
3HURHVWR\IHOL]GHKDFHUORSRUTXHPLVFOLHQWHVH[FOXVLYRV\GHDOWRQLYHOVLHPSUH
WLHQHQDVRPEURVRVHLQFUHtEOHVUHVXOWDGRVFRQPLD\XGD
3XQWR
'HVSXpVGHWRGRVR\HOFRDFKGHLWDOLDQRPiVSDJDGRGHOSODQHWD௙
SRUXQDUD]yQ
0LPpWRGRIXQFLRQD\VpTXHVLWUDEDMDPRVMXQWRVW~GRPLQDUiVHOLGLRPD
LWDOLDQRFRPRORKDUtDXQQDWLYRHQSRFRWLHPSR
&RQVLGHUDHVWR
&DGDDxR௙
PHGHGLFRDHQWUHQDUVRODPHQWHORV௙
FOLHQWHV௙
PiVH[FOXVLYRV\
HVSHFLDOHVSDUDSRGHUPHGHGLFDUWRWDOPHQWHDVXIRUPDFLyQJDUDQWL]iQGROHV
DVRPEURVRVUHVXOWDGRVFRQHODSUHQGL]DMHGHOPDUDYLOORVRLGLRPDLWDOLDQR
$OJXQRVGHPLVFOLHQWHV௙
QRSXHGRKDFHUQRPEUHVSRUFXHVWLRQHVGHSULYDFLGDG
VRQHPSUHVDULRVH[LWRVRVWRSPDQDJHUVDFWRUHVFDQWDQWHVPRGHORVDUWLVWDV
SROtWLFRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVWDV«
'HWRGDVIRUPDVFRPRSXHGHVLPDJLQDUUHFLER08&+$DWHQFLyQFRQHVWDRIHUWD
<HVSRUHVWRTXHQHFHVLWRTXHOHDVFRQPXFKDDWHQFLyQODSUy[LPDSDUWH
(VWR12(V3DUD7RGRV
6yOR௙
38('2௙
$\XGDUD
6R\08<H[LJHQWHDFHUFDGHOWLSRGHSHUVRQDFRQODFXDOSXHGRWUDEDMDU\KHILMDGR
UHTXLVLWRVPX\HVWULFWRVSHURUD]RQDEOHVTXHQHFHVLWDVFXPSOLUSDUDTXHSRGDPRV
VHJXLU
(VQHFHVDULRTXH
HVWpVVHULDPHQWHPRWLYDGRDDGRPLQDUHOLGLRPDLWDOLDQR
TXLHUDVVXSHUDUWH\DOFDQ]DUODVPHWDVTXHILMHPRV
VHDVDOHJUHSRVLWLYRDH[WURYHUWLGRD\FRQEXHQDDXWRHVWLPD
VLJDVPLVVXJHUHQFLDVSDUDPHMRUDUFRQVWDQWHPHQWH
VHDVGLVFLSOLQDGRDUHVSRQVDEOHSXQWXDO\GHWHUPLQDGRD
(VWRVVRQWRGRVPLVUHTXLVLWRV
(VWRHVOR4XH4XLHURTXH+DJDV$KRUD
6LFXPSOHVFRQORVUHTXLVLWRVPHQFLRQDGRVDUULED\TXLVLHUDVKDEODUSHUVRQDOPHQWH
FRQPLJRDFHUFDGHWXSODQHVWUDWpJLFRSDUDGRPLQDUHOLGLRPDLWDOLDQRFRPRKDUtD
XQQDWLYRHVWDUtDIHOL]GHUHVHUYDUWLHPSRSDUDWL
$VtHVFRPRIXQFLRQDHOSURFHVRDXWRPiWLFRSDUDUHVHUYDUQXHVWUDFLWD
3ULPHURVHOHFFLRQDUiVWXGtD\KRUDULRIDYRULWRVSDUDQXHVWUDFLWD\VHJXQGR
FRPSOHWDUiVXQVLPSOHIRUPXODULR6yORQHFHVLWRFRQRFHUWXVPRWLYDFLRQHVWXV
QHFHVLGDGHVWXDFWXDOQLYHO\FXiOHVVRQWXVPHWDVGHVHDGDVFRQHODSUHQGL]DMHGHO
LGLRPDLWDOLDQR
7HUFHURYR\DSHGLUWHXQGHSyVLWRUHHPEROVDEOHGH86SDUDDVHJXUDUPHGHTXH
VyORODVSHUVRQDVUHDOPHQWHVHULDVHLQWHUHVDGDVSXHGDQKDEODUFRQPLJR
1RWHSUHRFXSHVQRSRGUtDLPSRUWDUPHPHQRVGHWXV86
8WLOL]RHVWDSUHFDXFLyQFRPR³ILOWUR´SDUDPDQWHQHUDUD\DORVYDPSLURVGHOWLHPSR
7HGHYROYHUpWRGRHOLPSRUWHWUDVFRPSOHWDUQXHVWUDOODPDGD௙
DPHQRVTXH
TXLHUDVFRQYHUWLUWHHQXQFOLHQWH\HQHVHFDVRORGHVFRQWDUHPRV
(VWRHVOR4XH+DUHPRV'HVSXpV
(QFXDQWRKD\DUHFLELGRWXGHSyVLWR\WXIRUPXODULRGHELGDPHQWHUHOOHQDGR
FRQILUPDUpQXHVWUDFLWDSRUPHGLRGHXQFRUUHRHOHFWUyQLFR
1XHVWUDVHVLyQLQLFLDOGXUDUiHQWUH\PLQXWRV௙
\QRVSHUPLWLUiFUHDUXQSODQ
HVWUDWpJLFRGHDSUHQGL]DMHSDUDTXHSXHGDVDOFDQ]DUWXVPHWDVHQHOWLHPSRPiV
EUHYHSRVLEOH
$GHPiVGXUDQWHHVWDSULPHUDVHVLyQJUDWXLWDWHHQVHxDUpDSURQXQFLDUPXFKDV
IUDVHV~WLOHV\௙
SUREDUiVODHPRFLyQGHKDEODU\FRPXQLFDUHQLWDOLDQRHQXQD
VLPSOHFRQYHUVDFLyQWRWDOPHQWHHQLWDOLDQRFRQPLJR௙
6LFRPSUHQGHUiVODLPSRUWDQFLDHVWUDWpJLFDGHFRQYHUWLUWHHQXQFOLHQWHH[FOXVLYR
SHUIHFWR1RVSRQGUHPRVGHDFXHUGRSDUDTXH\RSXHGDD\XGDUWHSHUVRQDOPHQWHD
KDEODU\FRPXQLFDUHQLWDOLDQRFRPRVLIXHUDVXQQDWLYRLWDOLDQR
<VLQRTXLHUHVFRQYHUWLUWHHQXQFOLHQWH௙
HVWDUiELHQLJXDOPHQWH࣡
\WHGHYROYHUpHO
GHSyVLWRUHHPEROVDEOHGH86VLQSUHJXQWDV
<VLPHGLUiVTXHKHGHVSHUGLFLDGRWXWLHPSR௙
WHSDJDUpUHJDOiQGRWHHO9LGHR
&XUVR6HPHVWUDOGH,WDOLDQRPiVHIHFWLYRGHOPHUFDGRYDORUDGR86
$VtTXHOLWHUDOPHQWHQRSXHGHVSHUGHU
'HWRGDVIRUPDV+DVWDHOGtDGHKR\௙
MDPiV࣡
KHHQFRQWUDGRDOJXLHQTXHVLQWLHUD
KDEHUSHUGLGRWLHPSR181&$3XHGRKDFHUWHHVWDRIHUWDSRUTXH<2&803/2
4XLpQPiVWHKDUtDHVWDPLVPDRIHUWD"
$7(1&,Ï1௙
(/7,(032,03257$
(VWDRSRUWXQLGDGHVH[WUHPDGDPHQWHOLPLWDGDDFDXVDGHOLQWHQVRWLHPSRXQRDXQR
QHFHVDULRSDUDRIUHFHUWHORVUHVXOWDGRVTXHGHVHDV
3RUORWDQWRHVSUiFWLFDPHQWHLPSRVLEOHSDUDPLWUDEDMDUFRQPiVGH
SHUVRQDVDODxR\DFWXDOPHQWH௙
VyORTXHGDQSOD]DVGLVSRQLEOHV௙
$GHPiVGHEHUtDVFRQVLGHUDUTXHH[LVWHXQDLQPHQVDGHPDQGDGHFRQVXOWRUtD
SHUVRQDOL]DGDXQRDXQRFRQPLJR௙
PiVGHHVWXGLDQWHVHVWDUiQOH\HQGR
HVWDFDUWD࣡
\TXH௙
HVWR\RIUHFLpQGRWHDOJRVLQSUHFHGHQWHV
$VtTXHHVWDYHQWDQDGHRSRUWXQLGDGTXHGDUiDELHUWDGXUDQWHSRFDVKRUDV/RV
SULPHURVDOUHVHUYDUFRUUHFWDPHQWHODFLWDYLUWXDOWHQGUiQSUHFHGHQFLD
‫ض‬6LFUHHVTXHHVWDVHDODRSRUWXQLGDGMXVWDSDUDWLKD]FOLFDTXtVHOHFFLRQDWX
KRUDULRIDYRULWRFRPSOHWDHOIRUPXODULRHOGHSyVLWR\KDEODUHPRVMXQWRV
'HVHiQGRWHXQDYLGDPDUDYLOORVD
WHDJUDGH]FRSRUWXJHQWLODWHQFLyQ
Marco Nisida 36௙
6HDPRVFODURV௙
ORVSUy[LPRVPHVHVSDVDUiQGHWRGDVIRUPDV࣡
¢+DEUiVYLYLGR
HVWRVPHVHVSUHRFXSDGRDIUXVWUDGRDLQVHJXURDWULVWHSRUTXHD~QQRVDEUiV
KDEODU\FRPXQLFDUHQLWDOLDQRGHODIRUPDHQTXHORGHVHDEDVKR\"2KDEUiVYLYLGR
ORVPLVPRVPHVHVFRQVDWLVIDFFLyQIHOLFLGDGDOHJUtD\VHJXULGDGJUDFLDVDOSHUIHFWR
FRQRFLPLHQWR\GHVHPSHxRGHOLGLRPDLWDOLDQRSRUPHGLRGHOWUDEDMRTXHKDEUHPRV
KHFKRMXQWRV"3LHQVDHQWRGRORSRVLWLYRTXHGHVHDV\SRGUtDVDOFDQ]DUSRUPHGLR
GHOLGLRPDLWDOLDQR\DFW~DKR\
336௙
DVHJ~UDWHGHKDEHUOHtGRWRGDODFDUWDSRUFRPSOHWRDQWHVGHUHVHUYDUWXFLWD
6LDOLJXDOTXH\RKD\SHUVRQDVTXHTXLHUHQDSUHQGHUHVWHEHOORLGLRPDFRQ
0DUFRVyORPHTXHGDGHFLUOH$1Ë0(16(0DUFRHVV~SHUEXHQR\PH
HQFDQWyVXPRGDOLGDGGHDSUHQGL]DMH\ODVHVWUDWHJLDVTXHXVySDUDHQVHxDUPH
∼$QGUHLQD9DUJDV∼
(UHVXQVHUKXPDQRH[FHSFLRQDOXQSURIHVRUGHGLFDGR\XQPRWLYDGRUSRU
QDWXUDOH]DSXHVHVODSXUDUHDOLGDG7HDJUDGH]FRSRUFUHHUHQPLSRUHVWDU
FRQPLJRHQPLSURSyVLWRGHDSUHQGHU௙
∼-RUJH&XDQ∼
a35(*817$6)5(&8(17(6a
Q. ​
¢(VWDVHVLyQHVWUDWpJLFDGHSUXHEDLQLFLDOHVUHDOPHQWHJUDWXLWD" R. ​
&LHUWDPHQWH(OGHSyVLWRGH86VHUiUHHPEROVDGRDOFRPSOHWDUODVHVLyQ
Q. ​
¢3RUTXpSLGHVXQGHSyVLWRGH86" R. ​
3RGUtDVGHVHDULPDJLQDUTXHWHQJRPiVGHLQVFULWRVDPLVFXUVRV\VHUtD
LPSRVLEOHSDUDPLKDEODUSHUVRQDOPHQWHFRQWRGRHOPXQGR$GHPiVQRSXHGR
SHUPLWLUTXHSHUVRQDVSRFRVHULDVUHVHUYHQPLWLHPSR\OXHJRQRVHSUHVHQWHQ\D
TXHPLWLHPSRHVPLUHFXUVRPiVYDOLRVR
Q. ​
¢6LTXLVLHUDLQVFULELUPHFXiQWRVXHOHFRVWDUXQ&XUVR(VWUDWpJLFR,QGLYLGXDO" R. ​
'HSHQGLHQGRGHODH[FHOHQFLDGHORVUHVXOWDGRVTXHGHVHDVSXHGHVREWHQHUODV
WUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVFRPSOHWDVFRQXQDLQYHUVLyQDSDUWLUGH86DOPHV«SHUR
VLSLHQVDVHQORVUHVXOWDGRVHVWRHVUHDOPHQWHPX\HFRQyPLFR
Q. ​
¢3RU4Xp7X&XUVR(VWUDWpJLFR,QGLYLGXDO(V7DQ(ILFD]\7UDQVIRUPDGRU" R. ​
8Q&XUVR(VWUDWpJLFR,QGLYLGXDOSDUDXWLOL]DUXQDPHWiIRUDHVHOQXHYR
)HUUDULŠ)TXHWUDQVIRUPDUiSRUFRPSOHWRWXYLGDDODKRUDGHKDEODU
SURQXQFLDUFRPXQLFDUHQLWDOLDQR\WHSHUPLWLUiYLYLUHPRFLRQHVPDUDYLOORVDV
GXUDQWHWXHVWDGtDWXVYLVLWDVRWXVFRPSUDVHQ,WDOLD3DUDXWLOL]DUXQDPHWiIRUDPiV
DPHQDSDUDODVPXMHUHVHVWHSURJUDPDHVHQUHVXOWDGRVWDQHPRFLRQDQWH\OXMRVR
FRPRXQ*XFFLŠ
Q. ​
¢4XpKRUDULRVWLHQHVGLVSRQLEOHVSDUDXQ&XUVR(VWUDWpJLFR,QGLYLGXDO" R. ​
'XUDQWHODVHVLyQHVWUDWpJLFDHQFRQWUDUHPRVKRUDULRVFRQYHQLHQWHVSDUDDPERV
Q. ​
¢&XiQWRGXUDXQ&XUVR(VWUDWpJLFR,QGLYLGXDO"¢&XiQWDVKRUDVDODVHPDQD" R. ​
(VWDVHVLyQLQLFLDOJUDWXLWDQRVVHUYLUiSDUDHVWDEOHFHUHOFURQRSURJUDPDPiV
DMXVWDGRDWXVQHFHVLGDGHVGHFRPXQLFDFLyQ'XUDGD\IUHFXHQFLDGHODVOHFFLRQHV
GHSHQGHUiQGHFDGDFDVRHVSHFtILFR(VXQVHUYLFLRDOWDPHQWHSHUVRQDOL]DGR
Q. ​
¢(VVHJXURSDJDUORV86"¢&yPRSXHGRSDJDUORV" R. ​
(OVLVWHPDDXWRPiWLFRWHSHGLUiTXHFRPSOHWHVODUHVHUYDGHQXHVWUDFLWDFRQXQ
SDJRUHHPEROVDEOHGH868WLOL]DPRVHOVLVWHPDGHSDJRVHQOtQHDPiVVHJXUR
\SURWHJLGRDOPXQGR\SXHGHVSDJDUFRQWXWDUMHWDGHFUpGLWRGHIRUPDFyPRGD
VHJXUDSURWHJLGD\HQWRWDOSULYDFLGDG\GLVFUHFLyQ
Q. ​
¢+DVOHtGRWRGDODFDUWDFRQDWHQFLyQ௙
\QHFHVLWDVPiVDVLVWHQFLD" R. ​
(QYtDPHXQFRUUHRKDFLHQGR௙
FOLFDTXt௙
RXQZKDWVDSSDOQXPHUR
FRQWRGRVORVGHWDOOHVQHFHVDULRVSDUDTXHSXHGDD\XGDUWH