Argumentación en Agentes Inteligentes: Teoría y Aplicaciones Prof. Carlos Iván Chesñevar Part 5 - Outline Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications • Main research projects in argumentation • Main conferences in argumentation Carlos Iván Chesñevar • Some argumentation people (not a full list!) [email protected] http://cs.uns.edu.ar/~cic http://cs.uns.edu.ar/ cic • Six challenges in argumentation for the 21st century CONICET and Laboratory of R&D in A.I. Department of Computer Science Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahía Blanca, Argentina Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications The ASPIC Project The ASPIC Project http://www.argumentation.org http://www.argumentation.org ASPIC developed a common framework to underpin the services that are emerging as core functions of the argumentation paradigm. These include reasoning, decision-making, learning and communication. The end goal is a suite of software components based on this framework and d a development d l t platform l tf f integrating for i t ti th these components t with ith knowledge (e.g. semantic web) resources and legacy systems. ¨ Several European universities involved ¨ Some companies also worked as partners in the ASPIC project ¨ Project duration: 2004-2008 ¨ Funded by EC – Framework V ASPIC provided a sound basis for discussions of technical standards. ASPIC stresses the need to establish a formal foundation to support the creation, deployment and validation of practical argumentation systems and the core components developed using rigorous software engineering techniques. Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 2 3 The ARGUGRID Project Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 4 The ARGUGRID Project http://www.argugrid.org ArguGRID has developed a new model for building Gridbased applications through the use of multi-agent technologies and argumentation logic to support the formation of dynamic virtual organizations organizations. The key advantage of the approach is simplifying the interactions between service providers and service consumers in a Service-oriented setting supported by P2P technologies. Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 5 Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications Tercera Escuela de Posgrado (Red ProTIC) Mendoza, Argentina – 02 al 06 de junio de 2008 6 Argumentación en Agentes Inteligentes: Teoría y Aplicaciones Prof. Carlos Iván Chesñevar The ARGUGRID Project The Argumentation Factory Argumentation Factory Algorithms and Software for Industrial Strength Inconsistency Tolerance Software ArguGRID is developing open source software tools for reasoning about service properties and service composition. An EPSRC Funded Project (2007 - 2010) http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/a.hunter/projects/af/index.html PLATON MARGO CaSAPI KDE Leader: Anthony Hunter (University College London, UK). Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 7 The Argumentation Factory 8 The Argumentation Factory Argumentation Factory - Outline “…In this project, we want to develop the argumentation factory as a software system that acts as a middle layer (or hub) between: (1) knowledge resources such as available in relational databases, logical knowledgebases, ontologies, and argumentbases (marked up in for example the forthcoming Argument Interchange Format); (2) existing automated theorem proving technology; and (3) diverse applications of agumentation systems such as for decision support, for multi-agent negotiation, for knowledge fusion, and for software requirements engineering. “ Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/a.hunter/projects/af/index.html 9 Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 10 Specialized conferences and meetings ArgMAS, COMMA, CMNA… Conferences in argumentation-related areas • In the last years, there have been several papers on argumentation-related topics in the top conferences in Artificial Intelligence… • Since 2004, there has been an International Workshop on Argumentation and Multiagent Systems (ArgMAS). It is held annually within the AAMAS International Conference (Intl. Conf. On Autonomous Agents and Multiagents Systems), and it is published as a volume in the Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (LNAI) Series (Springer). • E.g.: • IJCAI (Int. Joint Conf. On Artificial Intelligence) • ECAI (European Conf. Conf On Artificial Intelligence) • KR (Int. Conf. On Knowledge Representation and Reasoning) • ECSQARU (European Conf. On Symbolic and Qualitative Aspects of Reasoning under Uncertainty) • etc, etc… http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/irahwan/argmas/argmas08/ • Since 2006, there is an International Conference on Computational Models of Argument (COMMA). It is held biannually. http://www.comma-conf.org/ Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 11 Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications Tercera Escuela de Posgrado (Red ProTIC) Mendoza, Argentina – 02 al 06 de junio de 2008 12 Argumentación en Agentes Inteligentes: Teoría y Aplicaciones Prof. Carlos Iván Chesñevar Specialized conferences and meetings ArgMAS, COMMA, CMNA… Specialized conferences and meetings ArgMAS, COMMA, CMNA… • In January 2008, there has been a prestigious Dagstuhl Seminar on “Theory and Practice on Argumentation Systems” in Dagstuhl, Germany • Since 2001, there has been an International Workshop on Computational Models of Natural Argument (CMNA). It is held annually within important international conferences (e.g. ECAI, IJCAI, etc.). http://cmna.csc.liv.ac.uk/CMNA8/ • In 2009, there will be a special technical track on “Agreement Technologies” in the ACM Intl. Symposium on Applied Computing (March 8-12, 2009, Honolulu, Hawai, USA). http://www.acm.org/conferences/sac/sac2009/ http://www.dagstuhl.de/en/program/calendar/semhp/?semnr=2008042 Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 13 Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications Some researchers in the argumentation community… Some researchers in the argumentation community… ¨ Henry Prakken ¨ Gerd Vreeswijk ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ Lecturer in the Intelligent Systems Group of the computer science department at Utrecht University, Holland. Web: http://people.cs.uu.nl/henry/ Research areas: ( Nonmonotonic reasoning ( Argumentation and Law ( AI & Law ( A Argumentation t ti theory th ¨ ¨ ¨ Professor /Researcher at Asian Institute of Technology Web: www.cs.ait.ac.th/~dung/ Research areas ( Argumentation Theory ( Knowledge Representation ( Logic Programming / Nonmonotonic reasoning Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications ¨ ¨ 15 ¨ Iyad Rahwan Research scientist at the French National Research Agency CNRS at IRIT lab of Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse Web: http://www.irit.fr/~Leila.Amgoud/ Research areas ( Non-monotonic Reasoning ( Argumentation theory ( Decision making and practical reasoning ( Modelling dialogs and negotiation ( Agent communication languages ( Coalition formation ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ Francesca Toni ¨ ¨ ¨ Lecturer at the Informatics Institute at the British University in Dubai, United Arab Emirates / Honorary Fellow at Univ. of Edimburgh, UK Web: http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/irahwan/ Research areas ( Argumentation theory ( Argumentation and the Web ( Interest-based Negotiation ¨ Carles Sierra Senior Lecturer at Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK Web: http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~ft/ Research areas ( Argumentation, Negotiation, ( Logic-Based Multi-Agent Systems, ( Inter-Agent Communication, ( Abduction, ( Logic Programming for Knowledge Representation and Automated Reasoning, ( Non-monotonic and Default Reasoning. Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 16 Some researchers in the argumentation community… ¨ Leila Amgoud ¨ ¨ Researcher at the University of Groningen, Department of Artificial Intelligence Web: http://www.ai.rug.nl/~verheij/ Research areas ( artificial intelligence, ( logic and law, with emphasis on defeasible argumentation and legal reasoning. Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications Some researchers in the argumentation community… ¨ Lecturer in the Intelligent Systems Group of the computer science department at Utrecht University, Holland. Web: http://www.cs.uu.nl/staff/gv.html Research areas: ( Nonmonotonic reasoning ( Argumentation ( Game, media, agent technology ( D Developed l d severall iimplementations l t ti within ithi th the ASPIC project ¨ Bart Verheij ¨ Phan Minh Dung ¨ ¨ ¨ 14 ¨ ¨ ¨ 17 Professor at the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (IIIACSIC), Spain. Web: http://http://www.iiia.csic.es/~sierra/ Research areas ( Argumentation, Negotiation, ( Logic-Based Multi-Agent Systems, ( Inter-Agent Communication, Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications Tercera Escuela de Posgrado (Red ProTIC) Mendoza, Argentina – 02 al 06 de junio de 2008 18 Argumentación en Agentes Inteligentes: Teoría y Aplicaciones Prof. Carlos Iván Chesñevar Some researchers in the argumentation community… Some researchers in the argumentation community… ¨ Trevor Bench-Capon ¨ Tony Hunter ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ Professor at Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Liverpool, UK Web:http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~tbc/ Research areas ( Advanced Informatics Applied to Law ( Argumentation and Persuasion ( Practical Reasoning, Legal Reasoning ( Ontologies, Knowledge Representation ¨ Chris Reed ¨ Paul Dunne ¨ ¨ ¨ Professor at Univ. College London, UK Web:http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~tbc/ Research areas ( Argumentation Theory ( Knowledge Representation ( Applications with Scientific Knowledge ¨ ¨ ¨ Professor at Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Liverpool, UK Web:http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~ped/ Research areas ( Complexity in Argumentation & Dialogue ( Coalition Formation w Argumentation Theory Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 19 Professor at Univ. Dundee, Scotland, UK Web: www.computing.dundee.ac.uk/staff/creed/ Research areas ( Argumentation Theory ( Knowledge Representation ( Software for representing Argumentation Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 20 Six key challenges in argumentation technologies Some researchers in the argumentation community… ¨ Guillermo Simari ¨ ¨ ¨ Professor at Universidad Nacional del Sur, B.Blanca, Argentina Web:http://www.cs.uns.edu.ar/~cic Research areas ( Argumentation Theory ( Knowledge Representation & Logic Programming ( Multiagent systems ( Belief Revision • In Nov./Dec. 2007, a special issue of IEEE Intelligent Systems was published, focused on “Argumentation Technologies” (Eds. I. Rahwan, P. McBurney). • That issue includes relevant papers highlighting the applicability of argumentation for solving real-world problems (e.g. medical domains, user support systems, etc.) • In the introduction of this special issue, the editors identified some key challenges in argumentation technologies for the coming years… Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 21 Challenge 1: Need for more mature diagrammatic representation of arguments Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 22 Challenge 2: Need for engineering frameworks for developing argumentation software • Frameworks and tools for diagrammatic representation of arguments and automatic reasoning on such representations are still in their infancy. • Up to now: Some combinations of standard agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) methods, knowledge ellicitation, etc. have been applied. • Toulmin’s model is from 1958, but only recently computer scientists have explored this issue! • But there is a need to mix theoretical and practical work in argumentation in order to develop more evolved approaches. • Such reasoning over argumentation diagrams needs to be automated for the successful deployment of large-scale argumentation systems. Stephen Toulmin (1997) Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 23 Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications Tercera Escuela de Posgrado (Red ProTIC) Mendoza, Argentina – 02 al 06 de junio de 2008 24 Argumentación en Agentes Inteligentes: Teoría y Aplicaciones Prof. Carlos Iván Chesñevar Challenge 3: Need for a better understanding of argumentation protocols and languages Challenge 4: Solving the bottleneck of computational representation of arguments • The Argument Interchange Format (AIF) is a major step towards automated exchange of arguments between intelligent software agents. • This is a strong requirement for the wide deployment and adoption of argumentation systems • Need for developing a deeper understanding of properties of interaction protocols and communication languages. • Possible solution: use of usergenerated content and content g annotation. • This involves providing answers to questions such as: • What protocol should two agents use to undertake a negotiation, and why? • Should a negotiation always require the same protocol? Should the protocol depend on the type of negotiation? Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications • There has been some progress in the development of theoretical and software components (e.g. ArgDF, integrating AIF and Semantic Web issues). 25 26 Challenge 6: Need for Linking between argumentation and other disciplines Challenge 5: Need for Scalability in argument-based systems • If an argumentation system is intended to support millions of people engaged in some deliberation, considerable work is need for scaling up the emerginig applications… • Links between argumentation and other disciplines need further attention in the 21st century, e.g. • qualitative formalisms for representing uncertainty • game theory • political theory (moving towards e-democracy, egovernment etc.). government, etc ) • Organization theory (systems for collaborative work, etc.). • Systems are needed to organize people’s qualitative arguments and the justifications they hold for their views. Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 27 Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 28 ¡ Gracias por su atención…! END OF PART 5 ¿Preguntas? Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications 29 Argumentation in Intelligent Agents: Theory and Applications Tercera Escuela de Posgrado (Red ProTIC) Mendoza, Argentina – 02 al 06 de junio de 2008 30