Lesson 74 Notes
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CoffeeBreakSpanish.com In this edition: listening practice; using the conditional tense Lesson 74 Notes ¿Les gustaría probar un poco? Would you like to try a little? Programme Notes Coffee Break Spanish notes guide you through the content of each lesson. In lesson 74 María-José takes her friend to a café for lunch. This dialogue is straightforward, but there are a couple of points which are discussed in detail in the lesson and which are explained further in these notes. . Conversation María-José Hola. ¿Se puede comer aquí? Camarero Sí, se puede comer aquí. ¿Quieren una mesa para dos personas? María-José Sí, una mesa para dos por favor. ¿Nos trae la carta por favor? Camarero Claro ... aquí tiene. María-José Gracias. María-José Quiero un bocadillo de jamón y queso y una Coca Cola Light por favor. Camarero ¿Algo más? María-José Sí, mi amiga quiere una ensalada de pollo y una ración de patatas fritas. Camarero ¿Y para beber? María-José Una botella de agua. Camarero ¿Con gas o sin gas? María-José Con gas, por favor. Camarero ¿Ya han probado la tortilla española? María-José Yo sí, pero mi amiga no. Nunca la ha probado. Camarero Lleva huevos, patatas y cebollas. ¿Les gustaría probar un poco? María-José Sí, nos gustaría mucho. Gracias The following language notes should help you get more out of the conversation and will outline any difficult or noteworthy points of grammar and vocabulary covered. Language notes ¿se puede comer aquí? is it possible to eat here? Remember this very versatile use of ¿se puede...? + infinitive ¿nos trae la carta? will you bring us the menu? There are a number of alternatives to this: using the polite imperative you could say tráiganos la carta or simply la carta, por favor. Coffee Break Spanish: Lesson 74 page 1 Language notes ¿ya han probado la tortilla...? have you already/ever tried the This use of ya is again very Spanish omelette? common: it is used either in the sense of “already” or “have you ever done something...” llevar to carry Here, llevar is used to convey what the dish contains. ¿les gustaría probar un poco? would you like to try a little? gustaría is in the conditional: see below Formation of the conditional tense While the future tense is used to translate the concept of “will do something”, the conditional tense (sometimes referred to as the conditional ‘mood’) is used to convey the idea of “would do something”. Its formation is very straightforward: in lesson 73 we learned about the future stem. The conditional also uses the future stem and adds endings to this. The endings are listed below. Conditional tense: endings (yo) -ía (nosotros) -íamos (tú) -ías (vosotros) -íais (él, ella, usted) -ía (ellos, ellas, ustedes) -ían Here are the full conjugations of cantar, beber and vivir in the conditional. Again, as with the future tense, in each case, the endings listed above for the conditional tense are added to the future stem. Remember that for regular verbs, the future stem is the same as the infinitive. cantar - to sing (FUTURE) cantaría cantaríamos cantarías cantaríais cantaría cantarían beber - to drink (FUTURE) bebería beberíamos beberías beberíais bebería beberían vivir - to live (FUTURE) Coffee Break Spanish: Lesson 74 viviría viviríamos vivirías viviríais viviría vivirían page 2 Where verbs have irregular future stems, these are also used when forming the conditional. The list of verbs below give the infinitive, the future stem and the beginnings of both the future and conditional tenses. Irregular future stem verbs in the future and conditional Infinitive Future stem Future tense Conditional tense decir dir- diré, dirás, dirá ... diría, dirías, diría ... hacer har- haré, harás, hará ... haría, harías, haría ... querer querr- querré, querrás, querrá ... querría, querrías, querría ... poder podr- podré, podrás, podrá ... podría, podrías, podría ... poner pondr- pondré, pondrás, pondrá ... pondría, pondrías, pondría ... saber sabr- sabré, sabrás, sabrá ... sabría, sabrías, sabría ... salir saldr- saldré, saldrás, saldrá ... saldría, saldrías, saldría ... tener tendr- tendré, tendrás, tendrá ... tendría, tendrías, tendría ... venir vendr- vendré, vendrás, vendrá ... vendría, vendrías, vendría ... Having now learned the formation of the conditional tense, many of the phrases which have been covered as items of vocabulary in this course will become clear, eg. me gustaría ... Further examples are covered in the bonus podcast. “If I were a rich man...” A common use of the conditional is following situation: “I would buy a yacht if I were rich” “I would travel the world if I had lots of money” “I wouldn’t do that if I were there”. In these example sentences the verbs in red are in the conditional: note that each example involves the word “would”, the key word for the conditional tense. Translating the verbs in blue is a little complicated in Spanish: this construction requires you to use what’s called the imperfect subjunctive in the second part of each of these sentences. An explanation of the full imperfect subjunctive is beyond the scope of this lesson, so in the meantime we would suggest that you learn these words simply as items of vocabulary. The full translations of the three examples are given below and the verb forms you should learn as items of vocabulary are given in blue: compraría un yate si fuera rico I would buy a yacht if I were rich viajaría por el mundo si tuviera mucho dinero I would travel the world if I had lots of money no haría eso si estuviera allí I wouldn’t do that if I were there Coffee Break Spanish: Lesson 74 page 3 You’ll probably have guessed that the two translations of “I were” are linked to the two different verbs meaning “to be” in Spanish: fuera comes from ser (note the similarity to the preterite form fue etc.); and estuviera comes from estar. Test yourself The bonus podcast exercise for this lesson will test your understanding of the future tense which has been introduced in this lesson. English Spanish 1 I would buy a house compraría una casa 2 they would drink the wine beberían el vino 3 would you sell the car? ¿venderías el coche/carro? 4 she would come tomorrow vendría mañana 5 we would travel to Bogotá viajaríamos a Bogotá 6 if I were rich I would buy an island si fuera rico/a compraría una isla 7 I would come if I had time vendría si tuviera tiempo 8 I would be happy if I were with you estaría contento/a si estuviera contigo All materials ©Copyright Radio Lingua Ltd 2008 Coffee Break Spanish: Lesson 74 page 4
