conditional sentences - El Picacho

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Oraciones Condicionales
(Versión Inglés / Español)
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
I will go to the park if Sarah comes with us
I will go to the park if Sarah comes with us
Conditional Sentences are divided into two different parts:
(Dos partes principales)
Main clause: I will go to the park…
(Frase principal)
If-clause: …if Sarah comes with us
(Condición)
Four types of
Conditional Sentences:
Type O or Zero Conditional:
General truths, scientific facts (Verdades generales o hechos científicos)
“If you heat ice, it melts”
“Ice melts if you heat it”
(The order can be changed)
(Se puede cambiar el orden de las dos frases)
Main clause: Ice melts…
If-clause: …if you heat it
Verbal Tenses:
Main clause: Present
Simple
If-clause: Present Simple
Type I or Possible Condition:
It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
(Es muy posible que la condición llegue a realizarse)
If I find her phone number, I will send it to you
If-clause: If I find her phone number…
Main clause: …I will send it to you
Verbal Tenses:
Main clause: Future Simple
If-clause: Present
Simple
Esta fórmula no es fija, puede variar como podemos ver en la siguiente diapositiva
Variations to type I
(advanced)
a.- variations of the main clause:
b.- variations of the if-clause:
1. MAY / MIGHT (possibility).
1. PRESENT CONTINUOUS: to
indicate a present action or a
future arrangement.
If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted
2. MAY (permission) or CAN (permission
or ability)
If your documents are in order you may/can leave at
once
3. MUST / SHOULD or any expression of
command, request or advice.
If you want to lose weight you must / should eat less
bread.
If you want to lose your weight you had better eat less
bread
If you want to lose weight eat less bread.
If you see Tom tomorrow, could you ask him to ring me?
If you are waiting for the bus you'd better
join the queue
If you are looking for Peter you'll find
him upstairs.
If you are staying for another night I'll
ask the manager to give you a better
room.
2. PRESENT PERFECT
If you have finished dinner I'll ask the
waiter for the bill.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES : TYPE 1
ACTIVITIES
1.
I'll look for your notebook and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring.
2.
If you (smoke) in a non-smoking compartment the other
passengers (object).
3.
I'll wash the glasses in this nice hot water. No, don't. If you (put)
them into very hot water they (crack).
4.
If you (see) Tom, Tell him I have a message for him.
5.
If he (win) he (get) $1,000; If he (come) in second he (get) $500.
6.
If you (feel) too hot during the night turn down the central heating.
7.
If he (want) more money he (have) to do more work.
8.
If you (finish) with your dictionary I'd like to borrow it.
9.
If he (stand) up in the canoe it (capsize).
10.
The lift wasn't working when I was here last. If it still (not work) we
have to use the stairs.
Type II or Unlikely Condition:
It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
(Es improbable que la condición llegue a realizarse)
If I saw her, I would tell her the truth
If-clause: If I saw her…
Main clause: …I would tell her the truth
We usually use WERE for all the persons of verb TO BE
If I were a rich man, I’d help people in Africa
Verbal Tenses:
Main clause: Conditional Simple
If-clause: Past
Simple
Esta fórmula no es fija, puede variar como podemos ver en la siguiente diapositiva
Variations to type II
(advanced)
a.- variations of the main clause:
b.- variations of the if-clause:
1. - MIGHT / COULD
If you tried again you might / could succeed.
1. PAST CONTINUOUS:
2. CONTINUOUS CONDITIONAL FORM
I hate flying. If we were going by boat I'd
feel much happier.
Peter is on holiday ; he is touring Italy. If I were on
holiday I would / might be touring Italy too.
3. SIMPLE PAST : to express automatic or
habitual reactions in the past
If anyone interrupted him he got angry.
2. PAST PERFECT:
If he had taken my advice he would be a
rich man now.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES: TYPE 2
ACTIVITIES
1.
If I (give) her a diamond ring she (sell) it.
2.
If you (go) on a diet you (lose) weight.
3.
If we (work) all night we (finish) in time; but we have no
intention of working all the night.
4
You must never blow out a gas light. Do you know what
(happen) if you (blow )out a gas light?
5.
If I (see) a tiger walking along the street I (climb) a tree.
6.
If it (be) summer the people (not sit) round that big fire.
7.
If you (type) your notes they (be) a lot of easier to read.
Type III or Impossible Condition:
It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
(Es imposible que la condición llegue a realizarse pues se refiere al pasado)
If I had found her phone number, I would have sent her a
message for the party
If-clause: If I had found her phone number…
Main clause: …I would have sent her a message for the party
Verbal Tenses:
Main clause: Conditional Perfect (would+have+P.P.)
If-clause: Past
Perfect (had+P.P.)
Esta fórmula no es fija, puede variar como podemos ver en la siguiente diapositiva
Variations to type III
(advanced)
a. Variations of the main clause
1. COULD OR MIGHT may be used instead of WOULD
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.
2. The continuous form of the perfect conditional may be used.
At the time of the accident I was sitting in the back of the car, because Tom's
little boy was sitting beside him in front. If Tom's boy had not been there I
would have been sitting in front.
b. Variations of the if- clause
1. We can use the past perfect continuous in the If- clause.
Luckily I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn't been wearing one I would have
been seriously injured.
Other possible changes
1. A combination of types 2 and 3 is possible:
The plane I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killed: If I
had caught that plane I would be dead now
or
I would have been killed.
2. In type 3 “had” can be placed first and the “if” omitted:
If you had obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened
Had you obeyed orders this disaster would not have happened
CONDITINAL SENTENCES: Type 3
ACTIVITIES
1. If she ........ (not make) these calls, the bill........ (be) smaller.
2. What........... (you / do) if I ..........( not work)?
3. If he ........... ( be born ) in Italy, he .......... (be called ) Arturo.
4. educated university / got better job
5. not worked at library / not met Mary.
6. not won TV quiz contest / spent honeymoon in England
7. married Sheila / lived in Middleford.
8. If the man ..........( be looking ) the wrong way, he ......... (see ) the car.
WRITE A SENTENCE BEGINNING WITH IF FOR THESE SITUATIONS.
Example A doctor recommended his patient to have an operation. The patient refused and died. The doctor
says: " If he ...."
If he had had the operation, he wouldn't have died.
a. Joe told Fred to bet five pounds on a horse called Greased Lightning. Fred refused. Later Joe tells Fred that he
bet five pounds a won a hundred pounds and adds: "If you ..."
b. Arthur says he can't pay his bills because he didn't make a budget and adds: "If I ...“
c. Sheila tells Harry she saw him in the street yesterday and tells him off because he didn't speak to her. Harry
protests that he didn't see her and adds: "If I ..."
d.The teacher is disappointed that Stephen didn't pass his examination. He knows that Stephen didn't do any
work. He tells him: "If you ..."
e.Keith had arranged to fly to America on flight BA 329 last weekend. He couldn't go because he had 'flu.
Unfortunately the plane crashed and there were no survivors. Keith says : "If I..."
f. Mary missed the last bus home because she stayed talking to hi s girl-friend Liz. When she came home by taxi,
Arthur says: "If you ..."
g. Dr Newton forgot to lock the back door and a burglar came and stole his First Aids kit and he says : "If I ..."
If can be replaced by:
UNLESS
a menos que …
• Unless + affirmative verb = if + negative
I won’t phone you if you don’t want me to
I won’t phone you unless you want me to
UNLESS
Activities
Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use unless in your sentences
Example:
You must study more or you won’t pass the examination
You won’t pass the examination unless you study more
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
You must listen carefully or you won’t know what to do
We must hurry or we’ll miss the train
You must speak very slowly or he won’t be able to understand you
My salary must be increased or I’ll look for another job
She must apologise to me or I won’t forgive her
I’m going to the party only if you go too
You are allowed into the club only if you are a memeber
The dog will attack you only if you move
He’ll speak to you only if you ask him a question
IN CASE:
por si… (different from in case (en caso de..) : e.g. In case of
fire, please leave the building as quickly as possible)
We use in case to talk about doing something now to
avoid a future problem. It gives a reason.
I’ll phone my parents in case they’re worried about me
We use if to talk about a reaction to, or the result of,
a future action
My parents will be angry if I get home late tonight
I’ll be in trouble if I get home late tonight
IN CASE
Activities
Write sentences with in case
Example:
It was possible that John would phone. So I didn’t go out
I didn’t go out in case John phoned
1. It was possible that he would come to London one day. So I gave him my
address
2. It was possible that I wouldn’t see her again. So I said goodbye
3. It was possible that her parents were worried about her. So she phoned
them
4. It was possible that I would forget the name of the street. So I wrote it
down
5. It was possible that the hadn’t received my first letter. So I wrote them a
second letter
PROVIDED (THAT) / PROVIDING (THAT):
siempre que…; a condición de que… (but only if…)
Provided (that) can replace if when there is a strong idea
of limitation or restriction. It is chiefly used with permission
You can camp here provided that you leave no mess
Providing ( that) she studies hard, she might pass the
examination
IF ONLY: si…!
If only + present / will = hope ;
e.g. If only he comes in time!
If only + past / past perfect = regret ;
e.g. If only he didn’t drive so fast!
If only + would… (regret) = I wish + would ;
e.g. If only he would drive more slowly
AS LONG AS:
con tal de que…
As long as you listen to my problems I won’t feel so depressed
Unless, as long as, providing, provided?
Circle the correct word or expression for each sentence
Example: You can use my car unless/ as long as you drive carefully
1. I’m playing tennis tomorrow unless/ providing it’s raining
2. We’re going to start painting the house tomorrow unless/provided it’s not
raining
3. You can smoke in here unless/as long as you leave a window open to let the
smoke out
4. George doesn’t trust anyone. He won’t lend you any money unless/as long as
you promise in writing to pay him back
5. The children can stay here unless/providing they don’t make too much noise
6. I’m going now unless/provided you want me to stay
7. I can’t understand why he is late unless/as long as he didn’t get our message
BUT FOR:
si no fuera por… / si no hubiese sido por…
My father sends me an allowance. But for that I wouldn’t be here
The storm delayed us. But for the storm we would have been in time
SUPPOSE /SUPPOSING = What if…?
Suppose the plane is late? =
What if / What will happen if the plane is late?
I WISH: ojalá…!
We use the past for a present situation after wish. We use wish
to say that we regret something, that something is not as we would like it to
be: (lamentamos algo que que no es como nos gustaría que fuese)
e.g. “ I wish I knew Sue’s telephone number.”
(¡Ojalá supiera el teléfono de Sue!)
(As in if – clauses, we can use were instead of was after wish
e.g. I wish I were taller (¡Ojalá fuese más alto!)
We use past perfect after wish when you say that you regret
something that happened or didn’t happen in the past
(Lamentamos algo que pasó o no pasó en el pasado)
e.g. I wish I had known that Ann was ill. I would have gone to see her.
(¡Ojala hubiese sabido que Ann estaba enferma. Habría ido a verla!)
I wish
Activities (Past)
You have to imagine that you are in a situation. For each situation, make a
sentence with I wish…
Example:
You’ve eaten too much and now you feel sick
You say: I wish I hadn’t eaten so much
1. You’ve just painted the door red. Now you decide that it doesn’t look very nice
You say:
2. You are walking in the country. You would like to take some photographs but
you didn’t bring your camera.
You say:
3. A good friend of yours visited your town but unfortunately you were away
when he came. So you didn’t see him.
You say:
4. You’ve just come back from your holiday. Everything was fine except for the
hotel, which wasn’t very good.
You say:
I wish Continues
We sometimes use would after I wish… Study this example:
It is raining. Tom wants to go out, but not in the rain. He
says: “ I wish it would stop raining” (¡Ojalá dejara de llover!)
This means that Tom is complaining about the rain and wants it to stop.
We use I wish… would … when we want something to happen or somebody to
do something. The speaker is complaining about the present situation.
(queremos que algo ocurra o que alguien haga algo)
•I wish someone would answer that telephone. It’s been ringing for
about five minutes
•The music next door is very loud. I wish they would turn it down.
•I wish you wouldn’t drive so fast. It makes me nervous.
We use I wish… would when we want something to change or somebody else to
do something. So you cannot say “ I wish I would…”
Se usa sólo cuando queremos que algo cambie o que alguien haga algo, nunca para nosotros, nunca con I
I WISH
Activities
would
Example: It’s raining. You want to go out, but not in the rain. So you want it to
stop raining. What do you say? I wish it would stop raining
1. You are waiting for Tom. He’s late and you are getting impatient. You want
him to come. What do you say?
2. A baby is crying and you’re trying to sleep. You want the baby to stop crying.
What do you say?
3. You’re looking for a job – so far without success. You want somebody to give
you a job. What do you say?
4. Brian has been wearing the same old clothes for years. You think he needs
some new clothes and you want him to buy some. What do you say to him?