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DEDICATORIA Dedicado a mis Padres por ser responsables de todos mis esfuerzos, Y a todos
aquellos que valoran la investigación, una de las mejores formas de mantener el prestigio de
nuestra Profesión.
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Agradecimiento a todos los Docentes de la Facultad de Odontología de esta Universidad, que
colaboraron en la elaboración y evaluación del presente estudio, en especial a las siguientes
personas: al Dr. Horna por su orientación y apoyo, al Dr. Campodónico por su ayuda
desinteresada en el análisis estadístico, al Dr. Miguel Rodríguez por su colaboración en el acceso
bibliográfico, y a mis compañeros: Victor Chumpitaz, Roberto Varas, Roger López, Johnny
Burga, Juan Zegarra.
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El tratamiento endodóntico depende de diversos aspectos, entre ellos de la vitalidad de la pulpa.
En el caso de las biopulpectomías que por diversas circunstancias deban de postergar su
culminación con una cita adicional, existe una controversia sobre el tipo de medicamento
intraconducto entre sesiones a usar. Dentro de ellos las más aceptadas son las pastas de hidróxido
de calcio por sus propiedades como antimicrobiano y favorecedor de la reparación tisular, sin
embargo, se ha reportado también la toxicidad de esta pasta sobre los tejidos periapicales. Sin
embargo, estos efectos pueden ser modulados por el vehículo de la pasta. En esta investigación
se propone el gel de Aloe vera como vehículo de la pasta de hidróxido de calcio, ya que posee
características fisicoquímicas que pueden disminuir su toxicidad, y por sus propiedades
biológicas pueden mejorar la respuesta tisular a la pasta de hidróxido de calcio.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar si existía diferencia en la difusión de los
iones hidroxilo y calcio entre las Pastas de Hidróxido de Calcio (HC), para medicación
intraconducto, utilizando como vehículo el gel de Aloe vera, y otros vehículos convencionales.
Se prepararon tres pastas de hidróxido de calcio: la Pasta A (HC con gel de Aloe vera), y
dos pastas utilizadas como control: la Pasta B (HC con glicerina), y la Pasta C (HC con agua
destilada). El diseño experimental elegido fue un modelo in vitro utilizando tubos capilares de
vidrio a los cuales se les colocó las pastas de hidróxido de calcio, siendo 10 tubos por cada pasta,
colocándolas en frascos de vidrio para cada tubo conteniendo 50 ml de agua deionizada como
medio de análisis. El tiempo de experimentación fue de 14 días, realizando las mediciones a las
3, 24, 72, 168 y 336 horas.
Los resultados fueron analizados utilizando las pruebas estadísticas ANOVA One Way,
Tukey post hoc, y t-student´s para muestras no pareadas (p<0,01). La difusión iónica de las
pastas A, B y C variaron durante el tiempo de experimentación, encontrando una tendencia a
mantenerse luego de llegar a un pico de difusión en el medio de análisis. La difusión de iones
hidroxilo de la Pasta A fue menor al de la pasta B, a las 3 y 24 horas, mientras que en los demás
momentos no hubo diferencia significativa. La difusión de iones hidroxilo de la Pasta A fue
menor al de la pasta C, desde las 24 horas hasta las 336 horas. En cuanto a la difusión de iones
calcio, no se encontró diferencia estadística significativa sobre la difusión de los iones calcio
entre la pasta A y B a las 3, 72, y 168 horas; mientras que a las 24 horas, la pasta A tuvo mayor
difusión que la pasta B, y a las 336 horas la pasta A tuvo menor difusión que la pasta B. La
difusión de iones calcio de la pasta A fue mayor al de la pasta C a las 24 y 72 horas, mientras que
a las 168 y 336 horas la pasta A tuvo menor difusión que la pasta C. Al analizar los vehículos
controles, la pasta B presentó casi las mismas características difusionales de la pasta A frente a la
pasta C.
La difusión de iones hidroxilo y calcio de las pastas de hidróxido de calcio con el gel de
Aloe vera (Pasta A), fue diferente al de las pastas de hidróxido de calcio con los vehículos
convencionales (Pastas B y C). El gel de Aloe vera influye la difusión de la pasta de hidróxido de
calcio disminuye la difusión de iones hidroxilo y modula la difusión de iones calcio..
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Endodontic treatment depends on several aspects such as pulp vitality among others. In case of
biopulpectomies which must be delayed for several reasons, there is no a general agreement
related to the most appropriate type of interappointment intracanal dressing. Among them, one of
the most accepted are Calcium Hydroxide pastes owing to their antimicrobial and tissular repair
properties. However, toxicity of this paste over periapical tissues have been reported in
experimental investigations. In this research Aloe vera gel was proposed as vehicle of Calcium
Hydroxide paste because of both its physical-chemical characteristics, which may diminish the
toxicity of this paste, and its biological properties, which might improve the tisular response to
Calcium Hydroxide paste.
The purpose of this research was to determine whether there was difference in the diffusion
of hydroxyl and calcium ions between Calcium Hydroxide intracanal dressing using Aloe vera
gel as vehicle from other convencionals.
Three calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes were prepared: Paste A, CH with Aloe vera gel; Paste
B, CH with glycerine; and Paste C, CH with destilated water. The elected experimental design
was an in vitro model using capilar glass tubes containing calcium hydroxide pastes, being 10
tubes for each paste. Those tubes were sumerged into individual bottles for each tube, containing
50 ml of deionizated water as analysis medium. Experimental time was 14 days, performing
measurements at 3, 24, 72, 168 and 336 hours.
Results were analysed using statical tests such as ANOVA One Way, Tukey post hoc and
t-test (p<0.01). Ionic diffusion of pastes A, B and C varied during experimental time, finding a
tendency to stabilise after reaching a diffusion peak into the analysis medium.
Hydroxyl ion diffusion of Paste A was minor than that of Paste B at 3 and 24 hours; whereas
at 72, 168 and 336 hours there was no statistically significant difference between them. Hydroxyl
ion diffusion of Paste A was minor than that of Paste C from 24 to 336 hours.
There was no statistically significant difference of calcium ion diffusion between Pastes A
and B at 3, 72 and 168 hours. Although Paste A had more diffusion than Paste B at 24 hours, but
it had minor diffusion at 336 hours. There was no statistically significant difference of calcium
ion diffusion between Pastes A and C at 3 hours. Calcium ion diffusion of Paste A was greater
than that of Paste C at 24 and 72 hours, while it was minor at 168 and 336 hours.
Analysing the conventional vehicles, Paste B showed almost same diffusional characteristics
of Paste A versus Paste C.
Calcium and hydroxyl ions diffusion of Calcium Hydroxide paste with Aloe vera gel (Paste
A) was different from those of Calcium Hydroxide pastes using conventional vehicles (Pastes B
and C). Aloe vera gel influences on calcium hydroxide paste diffusion by diminishing hydroxyl
ions diffusion and modulating calcium ions diffusion.
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