COMPAÑÍA MINERA ANTAMINA S.A. Marzo 1998 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental CAPÍTULO 1 - INTRODUCCIÓN Raimondii’s publication. 1860. El Perú. (References to early mining activity in the Antamina Area -Taco and Santa Rosa). D. S. N° 017-96-AG. October 19, 1996. Reglamento de Peritos Mineros. CAPÍTULO 2 - MARCO LEGAL D. Leg. 611, dated September 9th, 1990. Código del Medio Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales (Environment and Natural Resources Code). Reissued as D.Leg. 613 through Fe de Erratas of October 10th, 1990. IFC. 1995. General Environmental Guidelines. MEM. 1995a. Guía para la elaboración de Estudios de Impactos Ambiental, Subsector Minería, Volumen 5 (Guide for Elaborating Environmental Impact Studies for the Mining Sub-sector). MEM. 1995b. Guía para Elaborar Programas de Adecuación y Manejo Ambiental, Sub-sector Minería, vol. 6 (Guide for the Elaboration of Environmental Adjustment and Management Programs for the Mining Sector). MEM. 1995c. Guía Ambiental para Actividades de Exploración de Yacimientos Minerales en el Perú (Environmental Guide for Mineral Deposit Exploration in Perú). NORMAS LEGALES Constitución Política del Perú (Peruvian Constitution), promulgated September 29, 1993 and ratified September, 1993. Código del Medio Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales (Environment and Natural Resources Code), D.Leg. Nº 613, dated September 8, 1990. Concesión Minera (Mining Concession) as stipulated in the Texto Único Ordenado de la Ley General de Minería (General Mine Law), TUO, D.S. N° 014-92-EM, dated June 2, 1992. Reglamento para la Protección Ambiental en la Actividad Minero-Metalúrgica (Regulation for Environmental Protection in Mining and Mineral Processing Activities), Supreme Decree N° 016-93-EM, published May 1, 1993. KS.0020.20 REFERENCIAS Página 1 COMPAÑÍA MINERA ANTAMINA S.A. Marzo 1998 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental Reglamento de Procedimientos Mineros (Regulation of Mining Procedures) D.S. N° 018-92-EM. Reglamento de Participación Ciudadana mediante el Procedimiento de Audiencias Públicas en el Trámite de Aprobación de los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental (Regulation for Public Participation in the Public Hearing for the approval of Environmental Impact Studies), approved by R.M. N° 335-96-EM/SG, dated July 28, 1996. Ley General de Amparo al Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación (General Law for Protection of the Nation’s Cultural Heritage), Law N° 24047. Directiva Administrativa Transitoria (Transitory Administrative Directive) N° 01-73 OSPA/OM, further modified according to the Ley de Simplificación Administrativa (Law of Administrative Simplification), Law 25035 and its Regulation, D.S 070-89PCM, dated September 1, 1989, modified by D.S. N° 002-90-PCM, dated January 1, 1990. The modifications to the procedure, which are currently in use, have not been enacted yet. Ley de Promoción de las Inversiones en el Sector Agrario (Investment Promotion Act for the Agricultural Sector), D. Leg. 653, published August 1, 1991, and its Regulation, D.S. N° 048-91-AG, published November 11, 1991. Texto Único de Procedimientos Administrativos (Single Ordered Text of the Administrative Procedures) of the Ministry of Health, published August 6, 1993, and enacted by D.S. N°003-93-SA, published August, 1993. Ley Orgánica de Municipalidades (Municipalities Organic Law), Law 23853, dated June 8, 1984. Ley de Concesiones Eléctricas (Law of Power Concessions), D.L. 25844 and its regulation , D.S. N° 009-93 EM. Reglamento de Protección Ambiental para las Actividades de Electricidad (Regulation of Environmental Protection for Power Activities), D.S. 029-94-EM. Ley de Creación del CONAM, Law N° 26410, published December 22, 1994. Ley Marco para el Crecimiento de la Inversión Privada (Law for the Promotion of Private Investment), D.Leg. Nº 757, dated November 13, 1991. Guías de Monitoreo de Agua de la Actividad Minero-Metalúrgica (Protocolo de Monitoreo de Calidad de Agua) (Protocols for Monitoring Water Quality in Mining and Mineral Processing Units) and Guía de Monitoreo de Aire de la Actividad Minero-Metalúrgica (Protocolo de Monitoreo de Calidad de Aire y Emisiones) KS.0020.20 REFERENCIAS Página 2 COMPAÑÍA MINERA ANTAMINA S.A. Marzo 1998 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental (Protocols for Monitoring Air Quality and Gaseous Emissions from Mining and Mineral Processing Units), approved by R.D. 004-94-EM/DGAA, published March 2, 1994. Guía para la Elaboración de Impacto Ambiental (Guidelines for the preparation of Environmental Impact Studies) were published by the MEM and approved by R.S. N° 013-95-EM/DGAA, dated March 8, 1995. Guías Ambientales para las Actividades de Exploración Minera, para el Control de Drenaje de Aguas Acidas, para las Presas de Relaves, para el Manejo de Cianuro y Productos Químicos, para la Revegetación y el Cierre de Operaciones Mineras (Environmental Guidelines for mineral exploration, acid rock drainage, tailings, cyanide and chemical products management and Reclamation and Closure of Mining Operations) were published and approved by Directoral Resolution N° 035-95EM/DGAA, dated September 11, 1995. Guías Ambientales para Operaciones de Lixiviación y para Prácticas de Perforación y Voladura (Environmental Guidelines for Leaching Operations and for Drilling and Blasting Practices), were published in January 1996 and approved by R.D. N° 002-96EM/DGAA. Niveles Máximos Permisibles para Efluentes Líquidos Minero-Metalúrgicos (Maximum Permissible Levels for Liquid Effluents from Mining and Mineral Processing Units or Water MPLs), were published in January 1996, and approved by M.R. N° 011-96-EM/VMM. Niveles Máximos Permisibles de Anhídrido Sulfuroso, Partículas, Plomo y Arsénico Presentes en las Emisiones Gaseosas Provenientes de las Unidades MineroMetalúrgicas (Maximum Permissible Levels for Sulphur Dioxide, Particulates, Lead and Arsenic Present in Gaseous Emissions Generated by Mining and Mineral Processing Units or Air MPLs), were published in July 1996 and approved by M.R.. N° 315-96-EM/VMM. Ley de Fiscalización a través de Terceros (Third party inspection Law), was approved by Decree Law N° 25763, published October 11, 1992. Reglamento de Fiscalización de las Actividades Minero Energéticas por Terceros (Regulation of the Inspection of Mining and Energy Activities through a Third Party), approved by D.S. N° 012-93-EM, published March 4, 1993. Ley Orgánica del Sector Transportes y Comunicaciones, Vivienda y Construcción (Organic Law of the Transport, Communication, Housing and Construction Sector), D.L. Nº 25862, dated November, 1992. KS.0020.20 REFERENCIAS Página 3 COMPAÑÍA MINERA ANTAMINA S.A. Marzo 1998 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental Ley de Concesiones Eléctricas (Electricity Concessions Law), D.L. Nº 25844, dated November 16, 1992. Reglamento de Protección Ambiental de las Actividades Eléctricas (Environmental Protection Regulation for Electrical Activities), approved by D.S. N° 029-94-EM, dated June 18, 1994. Guía para Elaborar Estudios de Impacto Ambiental para las Actividades Eléctricas (Guidelines for the Preparation of Environmental Impact Studies for Electrical Activities), 1994. Reglamento para la Protección Ambiental en las Actividades de Hidrocarburos (Regulations for the Environmental Protection in Hidrocarbons Activities), approved by D.S. N° 046-93-EM, dated November 12, 1993. Ley de Creación del Cuerpo de Capitanías y Guardacostas, (Law Creating the DCG), Decree Law N° 17824, dated September 23, 1969. Ley Orgánica de la Marina de Guerra del Perú (Peruvian Navy Organic Law), Legislative Decree No 438. Ley de Control y Vigilancia de las Actividades Marítimas, Fluviales y Lacustres (Control and Vigilance of Marine, Fluvial and Lake Activities Law), Law N° 26620, dated June 7, 1996. Reglamento de Capitanías y las Actividades Marítimas, Fluviales y Lacustres, (Regulations of Capitanship and Marine, Fluvial and Lake Activities), approved by D.S. N° 002-87-MA, dated April 9, 1987. Lineamientos para el Desarrollo de Estudios de Impacto Ambiental Relacionados con los Efectos que pudiera causar la Evacuación de Residuos por Tuberías a los Cuerpos de Agua (EIA guidelines related to impacts caused by the Discharge of Residues through Pipes to an Aquatic Eenvironment), R.D. N° 0052-96/DCG, published February 29, 1996. Ley General de Aguas (General Water Law), D.L. No 17752 and modifications introduced to Titles I, II and III of its Regulations, approved by Supreme Decree N° 007-83-SA. Lineamientos para el Desarrollo de Estudios de Impacto Ambiental Relacionados con Proyectos de Construcción de Muelles, Embarcaderos y otros similares (EIA guidelines for the Construction of Docks, Wharves and Similar Facilities), approved by R.D. N° 0283-96-DCG, dated October 21, 1996. KS.0020.20 REFERENCIAS Página 4 COMPAÑÍA MINERA ANTAMINA S.A. Marzo 1998 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental Texto Único de Procedimientos Administrativos (TUPA) de la Marina de Guerra del Perú, (Administrative Procedures of the Peruvian Navy), approved by D.S. No. 009-DE/MGP, published on February 16, 1997. R.S. N° 0490-94 MA/MM, dated August 17, 1984, requires that companies that operate installations for the exploitation, loading and unloading of hydrocarbons or noxious substances, should make provisions to have in stock special chemical products in sufficient quantity to fight and control any pollution that might be caused by their operations. Prevención de Descargas de Residuos y Mezclas Oleosas a las Aguas (Prevention of Discharge of Residues and Oily Substances to the Water), approved by R.D. N° 0058-96/DCG, published March 23, 1996. Procedimientos para aprobar el uso de productos químicos como dispersantes para combatir los derrames de hidrocarburos en el mar (Procedures for the Approval of the use of Chemical Products as Dispersants to fight Oil Spills in the Sea), approved by R.D. N° 0066-96/DCG. Declaración de mercancías peligrosas (Declaration of Dangerous Goods), R.D. N° 0059-96/DCG. Prevención de la Contaminación por Buques (Prevention of Pollution by Ships), R.D. N° 0058-96/DCG, dated July 19, 1996. Convenio Internacional sobre Responsabilidad Civil por Daños Causados por la Contaminación de las Aguas por Hidrocarburos (International Convention on Civil Responsibility for Damages Caused by Pollution of Water by Hydrocarbons), approved by Supreme Resolution N° 0622-RE, dated December 15, 1986. Protocolo para la Protección del Pacífico Sudeste contra la Contaminación Proveniente de Fuentes Terrestres (Protocol for the Protection of the Southeast Pacific against Pollution from Inland Sources). Convenio de Basilea (Basel Convention), approved March 22, 1989. CAPÍTULO 3 - POLÍTICA DE MANEJO AMBIENTAL Y DESARROLLO ECONOMICO D.L. N° 613. September 8, 1990. Código para el Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales. (Code for the Environment and Natural Resources). KS.0020.20 REFERENCIAS Página 5 COMPAÑÍA MINERA ANTAMINA S.A. Marzo 1998 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental D.S. N° 016-93-EM. April 28, 1993. Article 8: Reglamento para la Protección Ambiental de las Actividades Minero Metalúrgicas. D.S. N° 023-92-EM. October 9, 1992. Article 17: Reglamento de Seguridad e Higiene Minera. D.S. N° 023-92-EM. October 9, 1992. Article 19: Reglamento de Seguridad e Higiene Minera. CAPÍTULO 4 - MINA Bellier, O., J.F. Dumont, M. Sebrier, and J.R. Mercier. 1991. Biological Constraints on the Kinematics and Fault-Plane Solution of the Quiches Fault Zone Reactivated During the 10 November 1946 Ancash Earthquake. Northern Perú. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 468-490. Brack, A. 1986. Ecology of a complex country. In: Great Geography of Perú, Volume II. Juan Mejía Baca Publishers. Mexico. Casaverde, L.A. and J.N. Vargas. 1984. Seismic Risk in Perú. Proc. 8th WCEE. Vol.1, pp. 93-100. San Francisco - USA. Castillo, J. and J. Alva. 1993. Peligro Sismico en Perú. Proc. VII Congreso Nacional de Mecanica de Suelos e Ing. de Cimentaciones. pp. 409-431. Lima - Perú. Cobbing, J. and Sánchez, A.W. 1996. Mapa Geológico del Cuadrángulo de La Unión. Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico. Lima. - Perú. Eigenmann, C.H. and W.R. Allen. 1942. Fishes of Western South America (I-The Intercordilleran and Amazonian Lowlands of Perú; II-The High Pampas of Perú, Bolivia and Northern Chile with a Revision of the Peruvian Gymnotidae and of the Genus Orestias. The University of Kentucky. Lexington - USA. EPA. 1988. Control of Open Fugitive Dust Sources. United States Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 450/3-88-008. EPA. 1995. User's Guide for the Industrial Source Complex (ISC3). Dispersion Models, Volumes 1 and 2. United States Environmental Protection Agency. EPA Publication Nos. EPA-454/B-95-003a & b. Research Triangle Park, NC. (NTIS Nos. PB 95-222741 and PB 95-222758, respectively). KS.0020.20 REFERENCIAS Página 6 COMPAÑÍA MINERA ANTAMINA S.A. Marzo 1998 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental Holdridge, L.R. 1967. Life Zone Ecology. Tropical Science Center. San Jose de Costa Rica. INRENA. 1995. Ecological Map of Perú (Explanatory guide). INRENA. 220 pp. Lima - Perú. Klohn Crippen - SVS. 1997. Antamina Project - Tailings Site Selection Study. Klohn Crippen - SVS S.A. Ingenieros Consultores. Lima - Perú. M & N. 1997. Antamina Project - Preliminary Study for a Tailings Disposal System. M & N Ingenieros Ltda. MEM. 1994. Protocol for Monitoring Air Quality and Emissions of the Mining SubSector. Morales, V. 1985. Una nueva especie de Telmatobius. (ANURA, LEPTODACTYLIDAE), Ancash - Perú. Revta. Bras. Zool. 5(4):603 -608. Northcote, T.G., P. Morales S., D.A. Levy and M.S. Graven. 1989. Pollution in Lake Titicaca. Westwater Research Centre, University of British Columbia. Vancouver Canada. R.M. N° 1082-90-AG. Actual Categorización Oficial de especies de fauna silvestre amenazadas y en peligro. R.M. N° 315-96-EM/VMM. July 19, 1996. Niveles máximos permisibles de emisiones de gases y partículas para las actividades minero metalúrgicas Piteau Associates. 1997. Antamina Project Feasibility Study: Preliminary Geotechnical and Hydrogeological Assessments for the Open Pit (Report submitted to Compañía Minera Antamina, S.A.). Pulido, V. 1991. El Libro Rojo de la Fauna Silvestre del Perú. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Agroindustrial, World Wildlife Fund U.S., and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 219pp. Scott, W.B., and Crossman, E.J. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Bulletin 184. 966p Sifuentes, M. A. 1992. Ictiológica Básica y Aplicada en la Cuenca Del Río Santa (Ancash) - Perú. EDITEC del Perú S.R. Ltda. Lima - Perú. D.S. N° 0622-75-AG. Huascarán. KS.0020.20 REFERENCIAS July 01, 1975. Establecimiento del Parque Nacional Página 7 COMPAÑÍA MINERA ANTAMINA S.A. Marzo 1998 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental D.S. 046-93-EM. Reglamento ambiental para las actividades de Hidrocarburos. November 12, 1994. D.S. N° 158-77-AG. Reglamento de Conservación de Flora y Fauna R.S. N° 559-85-DE. Regulations for Archaeological Explorations and Excavations Tovar, J. 1996. Prospección por Aguas Subterraneas y Evaluación Preliminar del Agua Superficial para el Abastecimiento de la Mina Antamina (Report prepared for Compañía Minera Antamina, S.A.) CAPÍTULO 5 - INSTALACIONES PORTUARIAS Associated Press. March 25, 1996. Internet. Bonavia D. 1992. Perú, Hombre e Historia. Edubanco. Lima Bonavia D. L.W. Johnson, E.J. Reitz, E.S. Wing y G.H. Weir. 1993. Un Sitio Precerámico de Huarmey (PV35-6) antes de la Introducción del Maíz. Bull. Inst. Fr. Etudes andines. 22 (2): 409-442 Brack, A. 1986. Ecology of a complex country. In: Great Geography of Perú. Volume II. Juan Mejía Baca Publishers. Mexico. D.S. No 158-77-AG. Article 7 Regulations for Flora and Wildlife Duffy, D. C. 1989. Seabirds and the 1982-83 El Niño-Sourhtern Oscillation. Institute of Ecology. University of Georgia (source: Internet). EPA. 1988. Control of Open Fugitive Dust Sources. United States Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 450/3-88-008 EPA. 1995. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors. Vol. 1 Stationary Point and Area Sources. United States Environmental Protection Agency. AP-42 EPA. October 1992. Screening Procedures for Estimating for Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources, Revised. United States Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 454/R-92-019 IMARPE - Peruvian Sea Institute. 1994 - 1996. KS.0020.20 REFERENCIAS Página 8 COMPAÑÍA MINERA ANTAMINA S.A. Marzo 1998 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental IMARPE. 1994. Estadística de los desembarques de la pesquería marina peruana. 1983-1992. Inf. Inst. Mar del Perú. Callao - Perú. N° 105, 202pp. IMARPE. 1996. Estadística de los desembarques de la pesquería marina peruana. 1992-1994. Inf. Inst. Mar del Perú. Callao - Perú. N° 118, 76pp. INRENA. 1996. Guía explicativa del mapa forestal 1995. Ministerio de Agricultura. Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales. Lima. 131pp + 4 maps. Koepcke, H. and M. Koepcke. 1968. División ecológica de la Costa peruana. Facultad de Pesquería, Universidad Agraria La Molina, Boletín de Extension N°11. Lima 24pp. Koepcke, M. 1954. Corte ecológico transversal en los Andes del Perú Central con especial consideración de las aves (Parte I: Costa, vertientes occidentales y region altoandina.) Memorias del Museo de Historia Natural “Javier Prado” No3: 3-119. Lima. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. MEM. 1994. Protocolo de Monitoreo de Calidad de Aire y Emisiones Mendo J. 1998. Personal communication. Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Facultad de Pesquería. Lima - Perú. Michelena and Repetto. (Vol II, Michelena Repetto y Asociados S.A., 1997). Ministerio de Agricultura. 1984. Ministry of Fisheries under Law No.26585 (April 1996). Moseley M.E. 1975. The Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilisation. Menlo Park, California - USA: Cummings Publishing Co. USA. ONERNa, ONERNb, and ONERNc. 1972. Inventario, Evaluación y Uso Racional de los Recursos Naturales de la Costa. Pulido, V. 1991. El Libro Rojo de la Fauna Silvestre del Perú. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion Agraria y Agroindustrial, World Wildlife Fund U.S., and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 219pp. R.M. 315-EM/VMM. Article 11, Anexo 3. Ministerio de Energía y Minas. R.M. N° 1082-90-AG. Actual Categorización Oficial de especies de fauna silvestre amenazadas y en peligro. KS.0020.20 REFERENCIAS Página 9 COMPAÑÍA MINERA ANTAMINA S.A. Marzo 1998 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental R.M. No 1710-77-AG. Clasificación de las Especies de Flora y Fauna Silvestres (Classification of Flora and Wildlife Species). Rappole, J. H., E. S. Morton, T. E. Lovejoy and J. L. Ruos. 1983. Nearctic Avian Migrants in the Neotropics. U. S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 646pp. Raymond, S.J. 1981. The Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization: a Reconsideration of the Evidence. American Antiquity 46:806-821. Wolf, A. and J. Tarazona. 1989. Effects of el Nino 1982-83 on Benthos, Fish and Fisheries off the South American Coast. Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia (source: Internet). CAPÍTULO 6 - VÍAS DE ACCESO Brack, A. 1986. Ecology of a complex country. In: Great Geography of Perú. Volume II. Juan Mejia Baca Publishers. Mexico. D.S. N° 0622-75-AG. Huascarán July 01, 1975. Establecimiento del Parque Nacional D.S. N° 158-77-AG. Article 7 Reglamento de Flora y Fauna Silvestre (Regulations for Flora and Wildlife). Ministry of Agriculture. EPA. 1988. Control of Open Fugitive Dust Sources. United States Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 450/3-88-008 EPA. 1992. Screening Procedures for Estimating for Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources, Revised. United States Environmental Protection Agency. EPA 454/R-92-019 EPA. 1995. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors. Vol. 1 Stationary Point and Area Sources. United States Environmental Protection Agency. AP-42 GMI Ingenieros Consultores & KC-SVS S.A. September 1997. Transport - Trucking Study Alternate Route Evaluation. Concentrate INRENA. 1995. Ecological Map of Perú. Explanatory guide. Lima, 220 pp. KS.0020.20 REFERENCIAS Página 10 COMPAÑÍA MINERA ANTAMINA S.A. Marzo 1998 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental INRENA GTZ. 1997. Diversidad Biológica del Perú: Zonas Prioritarias para su Conservación Parenti, L. R. 1984. A Taxonomic Revision of the Andean Killifish Genus Orestias (Cyprinodontiformes, Cyprinodontidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Volume 178, Article 2, pages 107-214. Pulido, V. 1991. El Libro Rojo de la Fauna Silvestre del Perú. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Agroindustrial, World Wildlife Fund U.S., and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 219pp. R.M. N° 1710-77-AG. Clasificación de las Especies de Flora y Fauna Silvestres. (Classification of Flora and Wildlife Species) R.S. 559-85-DE. Reglamento para Exploraciones y Excavaciones Arqueológicas Regulations for Archeological Explorations and Excavations R.M. N° 1082-90-AG. Actual Categorización Oficial de especies de fauna silvestre amenazadas y en peligro. R.M. N° 315-96-EM/VMM. July 19, 1996. Niveles máximos permisibles de emisiones de gases y partículas para las actividades minero metalúrgicas Rappole, J. H., E. S. Morton, T. E. Lovejoy and J. L. Ruos. 1983. Nearctic Avian Migrants in the Neotropics. U. S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. 646pp. Sifuentes, M. A. 1992. Ictiologica Basica y Aplicada en la Cuenca Del Rio Santa (Ancash) - Perú. EDITEC del Perú S.R. Ltda. Lima - Perú. Transportation Research Board. 1995. Highway Capacity Manual. Special Report No. 209 UNESCO. 1977. Reconnaissance of the Huascaran National Park as a Biosphere Reserve. United Nations Organization for Education and Culture, UNESCO. 1985. Declaration of the Huascaran National Park as a World Heritage Site KS.0020.20 REFERENCIAS Página 11 COMPAÑÍA MINERA ANTAMINA S.A. Marzo 1998 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental ANEXO GENERAL ASL. 1996. Manual of Good Laboratory Practices. Services Laboratory. Vancouver - Canadá. Revision 04. Analytical Asociación Lavalin-PyV. 1985. Estudio de Pre-facti Bilidad en la Central Hidroelectrica Chaolla Chuallaga. Informe Técnico No 4.1 - Hidrología and Climatología. Brack, A. 1986. Ecology of a complex country. In: Great Geography of Perú. Volume II. Juan Mejia Baca Publishers. Mexico. Cabrera, A. and Willink, A. Washington D.C. - USA. 1973. Biogeografia de America Latina. OEA. Cobbing, E.J.; Pitcher, W.S.; Wilson, J.J.; Baldcock, J.W.; Taylor, W.P.; McCourt, W. and Snelling, N.J. 1981. The Geology of the Western Cordillera of Northern Perú. Overseas Momoir #5. Institute of Geological Sciences. London - UK. Cobbing, J. and Sanchez, A.W. 1996a. Mapa Geologico del Cuadrangulo de La Union. Instituto Geologico Minero y Metalurgico. Lima - Perú. Cobbing, J.; Sanchez, A.W.; Martinez, V. and Zarate, H. 1996. Geologia de los Cuadrangulos de Huaraz, La Union, Chiquian y Yanahuanca. Instituto Geologico Minero y Metalurgico. Lima - Perú. D.S. N° 158-77-AG. Article 7 - Reglamento de Flora y Fauna Silvestre (Regulations for Flora and Wildlife). Ministry of Agriculture. Fjeldsa, J. and N. Krabbe. 1990. Birds of the High Andes. Published by Zoological Museum Universtiy of Copenhagen and Apollo Books Svendbord. Denmark. 876 pp. INRENA. 1996. Guía explicativa del Mapa Forestal 1995. Ministerio de Agricultura. Instituto Nacional de Recursos Naturales. Lima - Perú. 131 pp + 4 maps. Koepcke, M. 1954. Corte ecológico transversal en los Andes del Perú Central con especial consideracion de las aves. Parte I: Costa, vertientes occidentales y region altoandina. Memorias del Museo de Historia Natural “Javier Prado” N° 3: 3-119. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima -Perú. Krebs, C.J. 1990. Ecological Methodology. Harper & Collins Publishers. 654 p. New York - USA. KS.0020.20 REFERENCIAS Página 12 COMPAÑÍA MINERA ANTAMINA S.A. Marzo 1998 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental Margaleff, R. 1977. Ecologia. Editional Interamerican. Madrid - Spain. MEM. 1994. Protocol for Monitoring Air Quality and Emissions of the Mining SubSector. Meyer de Schauensee. 1970. A Guide to the Birds of South America. The International Council for Bird Preservation. The Academy of National Sciences of Philadelphia 498 pp. ONERN. 1976. Atlas Historico, Geografico y de Paisajes Peruanos. Lima. 500 p. Palomino, R. 1997. Regional Geology Map and Other Geological and Structural Maps and Related Sections. Piteau Associates. 1997. Antamina Project Feasibility Study: Preliminary Geotechnical and Hydrogeological Assessments for the Open Pit. Report submitted to Compania Minera Antamina, S.A. R.M. N° 1710-77-AG. 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