Vitis vinifera

Major Brazilian
Viticultural Regions and
Grape Pest Management
Marcos Botton, Ph.D.
Grape Entomologist
José Fernando da Silva Protas, Ph.D.
Socioeconomist
Embrapa The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
Mission: provide solutions for the sustainable development of
Brazilian agribusiness through knowledge and technology
generation and transfer.
Ministry of Agriculture
37 Research Centers in almost all the states of the Union
8,619 employees
2,221 researchers (54% Ph.D.)
www.embrapa.br
Embrapa Grape and Wine
1
Embrapa Grape and Wine (1975 - ...)
National reference center for viniviticulture research
Headquarters in Bento Gonçalves, RS
42 researchers
152 employees
E.S. Temperate Fruits (Vacaria, RS)
E.S. Tropical Viticulture (Jales, SP)
Brazilian Viticultural
Regions
2
Grown Area (Brazil)
69.000 ha (IBGE)
Table and processing grapes
RS State 35.000 ha
90% of the processing grapes produced in
Brasil
80% American varieties (Isabel, Concord,
Niagara, Bordo ... )
Vitis vinifera
3
Rio
Grande
do Sul
Vitis
vinifera
“Serra
So
uth
ea
st
“S
err
a”
(27
0
ha)
Gaúcha”
(5000 ha)
»Main varieties
- White: Chardonnay, Riesling
Itálico, Moscato
- Red: Cabernet Sauvignon,
Cabernet Franc, Merlot,
Tanat e Pinot Noir
Campaign
(1.000 ha)
Serra Gaúcha Region
4
5
- Geographic Indication-
Vale dos Vinhedos
First geographic indication officially recognized from Brazil
6
H.P. Santos
Campaign Region
7
Southeast « Serra »
i
n
h
e
iVitis
rvinifera
o
P
r
e
t
o
e
Santa
Catari
na
»Main Varieties
- White: Chardonnay
- Red: Cabernet Sauvignon e
Merlot
T
São Joaquim
a
(180 ha)
n
g
a
r
á
8
SÃO JOAQUIM
Vitis vinifera
9
VALE DO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO
m
é
d
Vitisi
o
vinifera
tableS
ã
grapes
o
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
San
Francisco
Valley (PE e
BA)
»Main varieties
- Itália, Benitaka and
Red Globe
- Seedles: Festival,
Thompson and
Crimpson
(
9
5
0
10
Table Grapes – seedless brasilian varieties (2003)
m
é
d
Vitis
i
o
vinifera
S
ã
o
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
San
Francisco
Valley (PE e
BA)
»Main varieties
- White: Chardonnay, Chenin
Blanc e Moscato Canelli
- Red: Cabernet Sauvignon e
Syrah
(
5
0
11
American and Hybrids (processing)
American and
Hybrid grapes
(Processing)
Serra Gaúcha
(25.000 ha)
Rio
Grande
do Sul
»Main varieties
- White: Niágara, Couderc 13.
- Red: Isabel, Bordô,
Concord, Jacquez.
- Rose: Niágara Rosada
12
h
e
i
r American and
oHybrid grapes
P
r
e
t
o
e
(Processing)
Santa
Catari
na
»Main varieties
- White: Niágara.
- Red: Isabel, Jacquez e
Couderc.
T
a
n
g
a
r
á
(
Table grapes (american varieties)
13
Table grapes (American
varieties)
Serra Gaúcha
(2.387 ha)
Rio
Grande
do Sul
»Main varieties
-White: Niágara,
-Red: Isabel, Venus
14
Nova Mutum (MT)
15
16
Insects and mites associated with
vineyards in Brazil
• Indirect yield reduction
• Kill plants
• Disease transmission
• Damage to berries
17
Insecticides for grape pest
management in Brazil (2005)
Fentiom - Lebaycid 500 (21 dias)
Abamectin - Vertimec 180 CE (28 dias)
Imidacloprid - (Premier 700 GRDA) – (60 dias)
Thiamethoxan - Actara 250 WGR
Bifentrina – Talstar 100 CE – (7 dias)
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Major Rootstocks
Temperate Region
101-14 (V. riparia x V. rupestris)
Paulsen 1103 (V. berlandieri x V. rupestris)
043-43 (V. rotundifolia x V. vinifera) - ground pearl
control?
Tropical Region
IAC-572 'Jales‘ (V. tiliifolia x '101-14 Mgt‘).
IAC-766 'Campinas‘- (106-8 Mgt'?V. riparia x (V.
rupestris x V. cordifolia)? x V. tiliifolia
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Soil Pests
Ground Pearl –
Eurhizococcus brasiliensis
(Hemiptera: Margarodidae)
First Record – 1922 –
Santa Maria, RS
20
Pest Biology
E. Hickel
June/July
1 year
November
E. Hickel
November to March
21
Pest Biology
E. Hickel
E. Hickel
A. De Klerk
22
Dispersion (vegetative material
contaminated)
Polyphagy (+ than 80 hosts)
23
Dispersion intra vineyards
Ants – Argentine ant Linepitema humile
Actual management
• Avoid dispersion in propagative material
• Resistant rootstock ? (043-43)
• Chemical control – neonicotinoids
insecticides (imidacloprid and
thiamethoxam)
24
25
Grape Phylloxera
• 80% american varities or hybrids
• Isabel, Niagara, Bordo, ...
• 60% own rooted cultivars
26
Major problem Leaf damage
on Rootstocks production
fields
27
Emerging problem?
Leaf damage of grape filoxera on Vitis
vinifera C. sauvignon
Ciro Pavan
28
Ciro Pavan
Ciro Pavan
29
75
0
Su
PS
m
it h
io
n
V
50
er
0
ti m
ec
18
CE
E
en
e
s2
5
C
W
G
O
rt
h
ec
i
D
25
0
ct
ar
a
A
Pr
ov
ad
o
20
0S
C
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Insecticide effect on grape filoxera leaf form in grape rootstok
101-14. Bom Princípio, RS, 2003. (Botton et al., 2004)
Insect Vectors
Bacteria vectors
Virus vectors
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Xylella fastidiosa (Pierce´s Disease) –
not found in grapes in Brazil
Xylella fastidiosa in Brazil (other hosts)
Citrus Variegated
Chlorosis
Plum leaf scald
Coffee Leaf Scorch
31
Vectors of X. fastidiosa
(HEMIPTERA:AUCHENORRHYNCHA)
(CICADELLIDAE:CICADELLINAE)
CICADELLINI
CERCOPIDAE
PROCONIINI
Some species (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE, CICADELLINAE) found
on grape in Brasil
A. Homalodisca ignorata Melichar, 1924; B. Molomea consolida
Schröder, 1959; C. Molomea lineiceps Young, 1968. Escala: 1 mm.
Wilson Azevedo
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Virus vectors (grape mealybugs)
• P. viburni
• P. longispinus
New Project
• Pest identification and biology
• Dispersion in the field associated with ants
• Control
33
Berry Damage
Catterpillars
Argyrotaenia sphaleropa
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
South american fruit moth
34
Ø Hosts
Monitoring
Troca a cada 75 dias
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P recip it ação
Nº d e macho s cap t urad o s
Temp erat ura
2 p o r. M éd . M ó v. (Nº d e macho s cap t urad o s )
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2 20
2 10
2 00
1 90
1 80
1 70
1 60
1 50
1 40
1 30
1 20
1 10
1 00
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1
S
2
3
4
5
6
O
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
N
D
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
Se m a na /M ê s
Figura 1. Seasonal fluctuation of Argyrotaenia
sphaleropa adults in Cabernet sauvignon. 2003/2004
Cryptoblabes gnidiella
(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Honeydew moth
36
Foto: Scatoni & Bentancourt, 1983.
V. Pavesi
37
DANO
Foto: Ringenberg, R., 2002.
Foto: Scatoni & Bentancourt, 1983.
DANO
38
LIBERADORES DO FSS
por semana (X+EP)
Nº de machos por armadilha
RESULTADOS AVALIAÇÃO DO FSS
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
T1
a
T2
T3
T4
a
a
b bb
19/11
a
bbb
aa
26/11
03/12
a aaa
10/12
Data
Figura 1. Número de machos (média ± EP) de Cryptoblabes gnidiella capturados a cada
sete dias em armadilhas delta iscadas com quatro formulações do feromônio sexual
sintético T1 – ChemTica 5mg/membrana liberação Lenta, T2 – ChemTica 5mg/membrana
liberação 2 vezes mais lenta que a primeira, T3 – ChemTica 2mg/septo de borracha, T4 –
YOGEV 1 mg/septo de borracha, em quatro períodos de exposição no campo (n=5). Santa
Maria da Boa Vista, PE. 2002. Médias seguidas por letras distintas diferem entre si pelo
teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p≤0,05).
39
40
26/
07
09/
08
23/
08
06/
09
20/
09
04/
10
18/
10
01/
11
15/
11
29/
11
13/
12
27/
12
10/
01
24/
01
07/
02
21/
02
07/
03
21/
03
04/
04
18/
04
02/
05
16/
05
30/
05
13/
06
27/
06
11/
07
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Number of C. gnidiella per 15 days in two orchards of Pinot
Noir cultivar using pheromone traps in Bento Gonçalves, RS
Sitophilus zeamais
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
A
Adults of Sitophilus zeamais
(Curculionidae)
Curculionidae)
41
Foto: Salles, L. A. B.
Foto: E. Hickel
VINEYARDS
42
Fotos: E. Hickel
South American Fruit Fly
Anastrepha fraterculus
(Diptera: Tephritidae)
43
Fotos: E. Hickel
44
45
Número médio
mosca/armadilha/semana
0
20/02/04
15/02/04
10/02/04
05/02/04
31/01/04
26/01/04
21/01/04
16/01/04
11/01/04
06/01/04
01/01/04
27/12/03
22/12/03
Monitoring
-McPhail
-Hydrolized protein
120
100
80
60
40
20
Data
Adults seasonal flutuaction of A. fraterculus on
vineyard cv. Moscato Embrapa.
46
Mites and trips
Polyphagotarsonemus latus
47
Tetranychus
urticae
48
Calepitrimerus vitis and Colomerus vitis
49
Ciro Pavan
Ciro Pavan
50
Ciro Pavan
Tripes
• Selenotrips rubrocintus
• Frankliniella rodeos
51
52
% of bunches infested by insects in Pinot
Noir (2004/2005)
% de cachos infestados
16
14
12
10
Argyrotaenia
Cryptoblabes
Sitophilus
Pseudoccocidae
8
6
4
2
0
Vale dos
Vinhedos
Monte
Belo
Vale
Aurora
Thanks
Visit us: www.cnpuv.embrapa.br
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