Objectives of the Project

Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Assessment ofthe effectsofdifferentNfertilizers
withmicrobialinhibitorsoncropyields,nitrate
leaching,andgreenhouse gasemissionsina3year
rotationunderirrigatedMediterraneanconditions
RamónIsla,M.Guillén,D.Quílez
Project:“Sustainableagriculturalpracticesaimedtoreducegreenhousegas
emissionsinMediterraneanregions”(AGL201349062C43R;20142017)
Research Institutions (coordinated Project):
University ofLleida(coordination)
EEADCSIC
IASCSIC
CITAGovernment ofAragón
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Objectives ofthe Project
• Generalobjective:
– Toadvanceinthestudyoftheimpactsofdifferent
managementpracticesonGHG’semissionsin
rainfed andirrigatedagroecosystems.
• Specificobjective(subproject):
– Evaluatetheimpactofnitrogenfertilizerswith
inhibitorsofmicrobialactivity(nitrification,
urease)onnitrateleachingandGHG’semissions
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Introduction
• Thereisasignificantamountofinformationregarding
theeffectsofnitrification(NI)andureaseinhibitors(UI)
onthedynamicsofmineralnitrogeninagriculturalsoils.
• Howevermostofthestudieshavefocusedonleachingor
gasemissionsindependently.Lessstudieshaveevaluated
theeffectinthelongterm.
• Somenewproductshavebeenrecentlyreleasedand
mustbeassessed.
• Ourobjective istoevaluatesimultaneouslytheeffectof
NI’sandUI’sonnitrateleachingandGHGemissionsina
whole3yearrotationunderirrigationintwodifferent
soils.
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Methodology
•
•
•
•
24drainagelysimeters of5m2
Sprinklerirrigated
Evaluationofathreeyearrotation(maizemaizewheat)
Twodifferentsoiltypes:(differentleachingpotential)
– Deepsoil(1.3mdepth;finetextured)
– Shallowsoil(50cmdepth;finetextured;stony)
• FourdifferentNfertilizertreatments:
–
–
–
–
Urea (preplant +V6+V14)
Urea+NI(DMPP)(preplant +V6)
Urea+UI(NBPT) (preplant +V6)
Urea+NI(MCDHS) (preplant +V6)
• Experimentaldesign:Randomized blocks(3replications)
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Methodology– gassamplings
• Installationof24closedgaschambers(1chamber/lysimeter)
• Dimensionsofchambers:volume=14L;Height=20cm
• Chambersinserted10cmintothesoil.
• 3or4gassamplings/event(0,20’,40’,60’)
• Determinationofmethane,CO2,and
N2Obychromatography(collaborationwith
UniversityofLleida)
• 33samplingdates(MayDecember)
Sprinkler irrigated lysimeter experiment
Generalview during GHG’s sampling
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Methodology equipments
Underground gallery tocollect water
drainage.
4hydraprobe probes tomonitorize soil
water content andtemperature at5cm
depth.
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Lysimeters Experiment 2015 GEIMED
N
L22
U
L21
M
L16
D
L15
M
L23
D
L20
N
L17
U
L14
Shallow soil
U
L24
N
L19
D
L18
M
L13
U
L12
M
L7
D
L6
N
L1
N
L11
M
L8
U
L5
D
L2
Deepsoil
Treatments
U(urea);D(urea+DMPP);N(urea+NBPT);M(urea+MCHS)
D
L10
U
L9
N
L4
M
L3
Rationalfertilizerapplications(236kgN/hainshallowsoiland211kgN/hain
deepsoil)calculatedconsideringtheamountofpreplant mineralnitrogeninthe
upperpartofthesoilprofile(050cm)ineachtypeofsoil(Soil+Fertilizer=250
kgN/ha)
Alltreatmentsreceived50kgN/habeforeplanting
Ureatreatmentconsistedintwo sidedress applicationsatV6andV14
Urea+inhibitorstreatmentsconsistedinone sidedress atV6
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Results:Effect on maize yield
25000
(ns)
a
ab
Grainyield(kg/ha)
20000
b
ab
DMPP MCDHS NBPT
UREA
15000
10000
5000
0
DMPP MCDHS NBPT
Deepsoil
UREA
Shallowsoil
Fertilizertreatment
Asexpected,relativelysmalldifferencesinyieldamongfertilizertreatments
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Results:Nutritional effects
60
60
Maize2015
Deepsoil
55
SPAD
SPAD
55
Maize2015
Shallowsoil
50
45
U+DMPP
U+MCDHS
U+NBPT
U(urea)
50
45
40
U+DMPP
U+MCDHS
U+NBPT
U(urea)
40
15jun
29jun
13jul
27jul
10ago
24ago
7sep
15jun
29jun
13jul
27jul
10ago
24ago
7sep
Date
Date
Stage:V6V10V13VTR2
Stage:V6V10V13VTR2
NosignificantdifferencesinSPADmeasurementsamongthedifferentfertilizertreatments
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Results:nitrateleaching
(preliminar)
TotalIrrigation=852mm
TotalET(estimatedFAO)=698mm
TotalDrainage:
Shallowsoil:85mm
Deepsoil:36mm(manylysimeters didnotdrain)
5
Deepsoil
maize,2015
Mineralnitrogenleached(kgN/ha)
Mineralnitrogenleached(kgN/ha)
5
4
3
2
NBPT
DMPP
MCDHS
UREA
1
0
Shallowsoil
maize,2015
4
3
2
NBPT
DMPP
MCDHS
UREA
1
0
0
50
100
Daysfromsowing
150
200
0
50
100
150
Daysfromsowing
Inbothsoils,theNleachingwasverylow(between24kgN/ha),duetothe
lowvolumeofdrainage.
200
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Results:SoilmineralN
MIneralNconcentration
(mgN/kg) 010cm
160
Deepsoil
DMPP
MCDHS
NBPT
UREA
120
First
sidedress
80
Second
sidedress
(urea)
Preplant
N fert.
40
Physiological
maturity
0
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Daysfromsowing
Firstsidedress – Urea:107kgN/ha/Othertreatments:161kgN/ha
Somedifferencesintheevolutionofsoilnitrateconcentrationamongthethree
fertilizerswithmicrobialinhibitors indeepsoilsafterthefirstsidedress N
application.
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Results:Soil mineralN
MIneralNconcentration
(mgN/kg) 010cm
250
Shallowsoil
DMPP
MCDHS
NBPT
UREA
200
150
First
sidedress
100
Second
sidedress
(urea)
Preplant
N fert.
50
Physiological
maturity
0
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Daysfromsowing
Firstsidedress – Urea:124kgN/ha/Othertreatments:186kgN/ha
Somedifferencesintheevolutionofsoilnitrateconcentrationamongthethree
fertilizerswithmicrobialinhibitors indeepsoilsafterthefirstsidedress N
application.
Theeffectseemstobemoreimportantinshallowthanindeepsoils.More
differencesamongfertilizerswithmicrobialinhibitors.
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Results:GHG’semissions
• Wehaveanalyzedasmallpartofthesamples.Noyet
enoughresultstoincludeinthispreliminary
presentation.
• ATotalof2232gassampleshavebeencollectedin33
samplingdates.
• Wehavesomedoubts,questions,concerns…..aboutthe
gassamplingmethodology:numberofsamples(times)at
eachpoint(wehaveused3or4)butourresultssuggest
that,underourconditionsmaybeenoughwith2
samples(T0andT60’)!!Whichcansavetimeand$$....
Thereisaneedtostandarize andoptimizeaccordingthe
objectivesthegassamplingmethodology.
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Next:2016…
• Wewillcontinuetheexperiment(asecondyear
ofmaize)during2016.
• Weareplanningtocarryonanexperiment
couplinganautomaticchambertoaphotoacustic
equipmenttomonitoringtheshorttime(57
days;continuousmeasurements)effectsofurea+
microbialinhibitorsonammonia,nitrousoxide,
andmethaneemissions.
Jornadas Técnicas Red SIRENA – Enero 2016
Acknowledgments
The Projectwas funded by the Ministry ofEconomíay
Competitividad(Spanish government)
The collaboration ofCOMPOIberiaSL,Eurochem Agro,andTERVALIS
Thanksforyourinterest