Recursos para el docente 3 BIOLOGÍA El intercambio de información en los sistemas biológicos: relación, integración y control Susana Alvarez Alejandro J. Balbiano Ricardo Franco Elina I. Godoy María Cristina Iglesias María Inés Rodríguez Vida Hilda C. Suárez ES 3.er año BIOLOGÍA El intercambio de información en los sistemas biológicos: relación, integración y control RECURSOS PARA EL DOCENTE BIOLOGÍA 3. Recursos para el docente es una obra colectiva, creada y diseñada en el Departamento Editorial de Ediciones Santillana S. A., bajo la dirección de Herminia Mérega y Graciela Pérez de Lois, por el siguiente equipo: Susana Alvarez Alejandro J. Balbiano Ricardo Franco Elina I. Godoy María Cristina Iglesias María Inés Rodríguez Vida Hilda C. Suárez Editora: Paula L. Sabbatini Jefa de edición: Patricia S. Granieri Gerencia de gestión editorial: Mónica Pavicich Índice ES 3. año er 3FDVSTPTQBSBMBQMBOJGJDBDJØOQÈHt$MBWFEFSFTQVFTUBTQÈH Jefa de arte: Claudia Fano. Diagramación: María Mercedes Mayans. Corrección: Karina Garofalo. Este libro no puede ser reproducido total ni parcialmente en ninguna forma, ni por ningún medio o procedimiento, sea reprográfico, fotocopia, microfilmación, mimeógrafo o cualquier otro sistema mecánico, fotoquímico, electrónico, informático, magnético, electroóptico, etcétera. Cualquier reproducción sin permiso de la editorial viola derechos reservados, es ilegal y constituye un delito. BIO3_Docente.indd 1 © 2010, EDICIONES SANTILLANA S.A. Av. L. N. Alem 720 (C1001AAP), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. ISBN: 978-950-46-2235-2 Biología 3 : el intercambio de información en los sistemas biológicos : relación, integración y control : recursos para el docente / Susana Alvarez ... [et.al.]. - 1a ed. - Buenos Aires : Santillana, 2010. 32 p. ; 26x19 cm. - (Saberes clave) Queda hecho el depósito que dispone la ley 11.723. ISBN 978-950-46-2235-2 Impreso en Argentina. Printed in Argentina. Primera edición: enero de 2010 1. Biología. 2. Enseñanza Secundaria. I. Alvarez, Susana CDD 574.071 2 Este libro se terminó de imprimir en el mes de enero 2010, en en Gráfica Vuelta de Página, Carlos Pellegrini 3652, Ciudadela, Buenos Aires, República Argentina. 1/25/10 12:49:52 PM 2 BIO3_Docente.indd 2 Recursos para la planificación Capítulo 1 2 Los seres vivos y su relación con el medio La captación de los estímulos 1/22/10 4:57:15 PM Contenidos Estrategias didácticas Expectativas de logro -PT TFSFT WJWPT DPNP TJTUFNBT BCJFSUPT -B SFMBDJØO EF MPT TFSFT WJWPTDPOFMBNCJFOUF-BTSFTQVFTUBTEFMPTBOJNBMFTZEFMBTQMBOUBT-BIPNFPTUBTJT&MDPOUSPMEF MBT BDUJWJEBEFT FO MPT BOJNBMFT Z FOMBTQMBOUBT&MNPEFMPEFFTUÓNVMPQSPDFTBNJFOUPSFTQVFTUB&M reloj biológico. $MBTJmDBDJØO EF TJTUFNBT FO BCJFSUPT DFSSBEPTZBJTMBEPT*EFOUJmDBDJØOEFMBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTEFMPTTFSFTWJWPTDPNPTJTUFNBTBCJFSUPT *EFOUJmDBDJØO EF FTUÓNVMPT Z SFTQVFTUBT FOFKFNQMPTEFSFMBDJPOFTEFTFSFTWJWPTDPO FMBNCJFOUF$PNQBSBDJØOFOUSFMPTUJQPTEF SFTQVFTUBT FO BOJNBMFT Z QMBOUBT 3FDPOPDJNJFOUPEFFKFNQMPTEFIPNFPTUBTJT"OÈMJTJT DPNQBSBUJWPEFMBUFSNPSSFHVMBDJØOFOQMBOUBT Z BOJNBMFT &MBCPSBDJØO EF VO DVBESP DPNQBSBUJWP FOUSF TJTUFNB OFSWJPTP Z FOEPDSJOP"OÈMJTJTEFMNPEFMPFTUÓNVMPQSPDFTBNJFOUPSFTQVFTUB &YQMJDBDJØO EF DPNQPSUBNJFOUPTEFMPTBOJNBMFTZMBTBDUJWJEBEFTEF QMBOUBTBQMJDBOEPFMNPEFMPFTUÓNVMPQSPDFTBNJFOUPSFTQVFTUB*EFOUJmDBDJØOEFMBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTEFVOQSPCMFNBDJFOUÓmDPBQBSUJS EFM DBTP EF MB NJHSBDJØO EF MB NBSJQPTB NPOBSDB-FDUVSBEFVOBFOUSFWJTUBTPCSFMPT relojes biológicos. 3FDPOPDFSBMPTTFSFTWJWPTDPNPTJTUFNBTBCJFSUPTDBQBDFTEFQSPDFTBSZ USBOTNJUJS JOGPSNBDJØO $PNQBSBS FM TJTUFNB OFSWJPTP Z FM FOEPDSJOP FO SFMBDJØODPOFMUJQPEFTF×BMDØNPTF USBOTQPSUB Z DVÈMFT TPO TVT FGFDUPT "QSFDJBSDØNPMPTNPEFMPTDJFOUÓmDPT EBO DVFOUB EF GFOØNFOPT PCTFSWBCMFTQFSPBMNJTNPUJFNQPTPOQSPEVDUPEFMBJNBHJOBDJØO*OUFSQSFUBS DBTPTEFDPNQPSUBNJFOUPBOJNBMUPNBOEPDPNPSFGFSFODJBFMNPEFMPEF FTUÓNVMPQSPDFTBNJFOUPSFTQVFTUB "OBMJ[BSVOQSPCMFNBDJFOUÓmDPQBSB DPNQSFOEFSEFRVÏTFUSBUBZBRVÏ DPODFQUPTSFNJUFFWBMVBOEPRVÏDPOPDFOZRVÏOFDFTJUBODPOPDFSBMSFTQFDUP"OBMJ[BSUFYUPTDSÓUJDBNFOUF -B QFSDFQDJØO EFM BNCJFOUF &TUSVDUVSBT RVF DBQUBO FTUÓNVMPT $BQUBDJØO EF FTUÓNVMPT MVNÓOJDPT%JTUJOUPTUJQPTEFPKPT-BWJTJØOEFMPTDPMPSFT-BWJTJØOFOFM NFEJPBDVÈUJDPZFOFMUFSSFTUSF 1FSDFQDJØOEFQSPGVOEJEBE$BQUBDJØO EF FTUÓNVMPT RVÓNJDPT &M HVTUPZFMPMGBUP$BQUBDJØOEFFTUÓNVMPT NFDÈOJDPT 3FDFQUPSFT EFDPOUBDUPZEFWJCSBDJPOFT$BQUBDJØOEFFTUÓNVMPTTPOPSPT$BQUBDJØO EFM FTUÓNVMP EF MB HSBWFEBE0USPTUJQPTEFFTUÓNVMPT $BSBDUFSJ[BDJØO HFOFSBM EF MBT FTUSVDUVSBT FODBSHBEBTEFMBDBQUBDJØOEFMPTFTUÓNVMPT $MBTJmDBDJØOEFSFDFQUPSFTTFHÞOEJGFSFOUFT DSJUFSJPT *EFOUJmDBDJØO EFM FTQFDUSP EF MV[ WJTJCMF FO VO HSÈmDP EFM FTQFDUSP FMFDUSPNBHOÏUJDP"OÈMJTJTDPNQBSBUJWPEFEJGFSFOUFTGPUPSSFDFQUPSFTNBODIBTPDVMBSFTPDFMPT Z PKPT TJNQMFT "OÈMJTJT EF VCJDBDJØO Z GVODJPOBNJFOUPEFMPTPKPTFOBOJNBMFTDPO WJTJØONPOPDVMBSZCJOPDVMBS$PNQBSBDJØO EFPKPTDPOMFOUFDPNQVFTUPZFODÈNBSB $PNQBSBDJØO FOUSF GPOPSSFDFQUPSFT EF JOWFSUFCSBEPTZFMPÓEPEFWFSUFCSBEPT"OÈMJTJTEFVOHSÈmDPEFDBQUBDJØOEFTPOJEPTFO EJGFSFOUFTBOJNBMFT *EFOUJmDBSZDBSBDUFSJ[BSMBWBSJFEBE EFFTUÓNVMPTRVFDBQUBOMPTTFSFTWJWPT$PNQSFOEFSMBFTQFDJmDJEBEEF MBJOUFSBDDJØOFTUÓNVMPSFDFQUPSZMB FYJTUFODJBEFWBSJFEBEEFSFDFQUPSFT QBSB VO NJTNP FTUÓNVMP 1MBOUFBS IJQØUFTJTFOSFTQVFTUBBMBTQSFHVOUBTZMPTQSPCMFNBTQSPQVFTUPTZBOUJDJQBSQPTJCMFTGPSNBTEFQPOFSMBTB QSVFCB *OUFSQSFUBS UFYUPT DSÓUJDBNFOUF © Santillana S.A. 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Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 BIO3_Docente.indd 7 © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. 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Sistema nervioso Sistema hormonal 5SBOTNJTJØOEFM NFOTBKF *NQVMTPTOFSWJPTPT FMÏDUSJDB )PSNPOBT RVÓNJDB 7ÓBEFUSBOTNJTJØO /FSWJPT Sangre 7FMPDJEBEEFMB SFTQVFTUB Rápida -FOUB Duración de la SFTQVFTUB $PSUBEVSBDJØO Larga duración c) d) e) OBSDBFOJOWJFSOP&TVOQSPCMFNBDJFOUÓGJDPQPSRVF FTJOWFTUJHBCMF 6OPEFMPTJODPOWFOJFOUFTRVFTVSHJFSPOGVFRVFEFCÓBO JEFOUJGJDBS B MBT NBSJQPTBT 1BSB FTP JEFBSPO FUJRVFUBT QBSB SFDPOPDFSMBT 1BTBSPO QPS NVDIPT QSPCMFNBT DPNP USBUBS EF RVF GVFSBO MJWJBOBT QFRVF×BTRVFOPJODPNPEBSBOEVSBOUFFMWVFMPRVF UVWJFSBOMPTEBUPTTVGJDJFOUFT5BNCJÏOTFPCTFSWØMB OFDFTJEBE EF USBCBKBS DPO NVDIBT NBSJQPTBT QBSB BVNFOUBSMBQSPCBCJMJEBEEFFODPOUSBSMBT -BJOWFTUJHBDJØOUFSNJOØDPOFMIBMMB[HPEFNBSJQPTBTNBSDBEBTFO.ÏYJDP 6OPEFMPTQSPCMFNBTDJFOUÓGJDPTRVFQPESÓBOQFOTBS MPTBMVNOPTFTDØNPTFPSJFOUBOMBTNBSJQPTBTQBSB MMFHBSBMNJTNPMVHBS 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB1PSFKFNQMPFTOFDFTBSJPNBSDBS MBTNBSJQPTBTQBSBJEFOUJGJDBSRVFMBTNJTNBTRVFFTUBCBOFO$BOBEÈMMFHBSPOBEFTUJOP Página 18 17.&M NPEFMP FTUÓNVMPQSPDFTBNJFOUPSFTQVFTUB QFSNJUF FYQMJDBS MPT SFTVMUBEPT EFM FYQFSJNFOUP EF 1BWMPW &O FTUF DBTPMPTØSHBOPTSFDFQUPSFTTPOMPTPÓEPTEFMQFSSPZMPT FGFDUPSFTTVTHMÈOEVMBTTBMJWBMFT 18.-B JOWFTUJHBDJØO EF 1BWMPW EFNPTUSØ RVF VOB SFTQVFTUB QVFEFTFSHFOFSBEBQPSVOFTUÓNVMPEJGFSFOUFEFMOBUVSBM BUSBWÏTEFMBBTPDJBDJØOFOUSFEPTFTUÓNVMPTRVFBOUFSJPSNFOUFOPUFOÓBOSFMBDJØOBMHVOB 19."QBSUJSEFMBJOWFTUJHBDJØOEF1BWMPWQPESÓBOQMBOUFBSTF OVFWPTQSPCMFNBTQBSBTFSSFTVFMUPT1PSFKFNQMPDØNP TFUSBOTNJUFMBJOGPSNBDJØOQBSBRVFVOBSFTQVFTUBBVO EFUFSNJOBEPFTUÓNVMPPDVSSBDPNPSFTVMUBEPEFPUSPFTUÓNVMP 2VÏ SFMBDJPOFT TF FTUBCMFDFO FO MPT DFOUSPT EF QSPDFTBNJFOUPRVFQFSNJUFOBTPDJBSEPTFTUÓNVMPTEJGFSFOUFTDPOMBNJTNBSFTQVFTUB 20. 6OPEFMPTBTQFDUPTWJODVMBEPTDPOMPTFTUVEJPTEF1BWMPW RVFQPESÓBOEFTUBDBSTFFTMPRVFEFOPNJOØQSJNFSTJTUFNB EF TF×BMFT WJODVMBEP DPO MB DBQBDJEBE EFM TJTUFNB OFSWJPTPEFSFMBDJPOBSFTUÓNVMPT&OFMDBTPEFTVTFYQFSJNFOUPTMBDBNQBOBEBFTVOBTF×BMRVFTFBTPDJBBVO © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 1 Los seres vivos y su relación 8 BIO3_Docente.indd 8 1/22/10 4:57:18 PM FTUÓNVMPOBUVSBMZQSPWPDBMBNJTNBSFTQVFTUBMBTBMJWBDJØO &TUB JEFB GVF BQMJDBEB QPS PUSPT DJFOUÓGJDPT FO FM FTUVEJPEFMDPNQPSUBNJFOUPIVNBOPFOFMDVBMUBNCJÏO DPOTJEFSBCBOMBFYJTUFODJBEFSFGMFKPTDPOEJDJPOBEPT4JO FNCBSHP1BWMPWDPOTJEFSØRVFFOMPTTFSFTIVNBOPTIBCÓBVONFDBOJTNPNÈTDPNQMFKPRVFJODMVÓBMPRVFMMBNØ VO TFHVOEP TJTUFNB EF TF×BMFT RVF DPOTJTUÓB QPS FKFNQMPFOFMMFOHVBKF4FHÞO1BWMPWMBTQBMBCSBTDPOTUJUVÓBO TF×BMFT RVF QPEÓBO SFFNQMB[BS B VO FTUÓNVMP Z QSPWPDBSVOBSFTQVFTUBTJNJMBSBMBDBVTBEBQPSFMFTUÓNVMPPSJHJOBM 26. a) -B BQMJDBDJØO EF WBDVOBT DPOTUJUVZF VO FKFNQMP EF SFMBDJØODPOFMBNCJFOUFZBRVFMPTBHFOUFTQBUØHFOPT JOHSFTBO FO FTUF DBTP BSUJGJDJBMNFOUF EFM BNCJFOUFBMPSHBOJTNP&OFMNFEJPTFFODVFOUSBONVDIPTBHFOUFTDBQBDFTEFFOGFSNBSOPT$VBOEPJOHSFTBOFOFMPSHBOJTNPOPTHFOFSBOVOBEFUFSNJOBEB SFBDDJØOEFEFGFOTBFOFMDVFSQP&TVOUJQPEFSFTQVFTUBEFOPNJOBEBiJONVOPMØHJDBw b -PT DPNQPOFOUFT EFM PSHBOJTNP JOWPMVDSBEPT FO MB SFTQVFTUBJONVOPMØHJDBTPOEJGFSFOUFTUJQPTEFDÏMVMBTRVFGPSNBOQBSUFEFMBTBOHSFEFOPNJOBEBTiHMØCVMPTCMBODPTw5BNCJÏOVOBTTVTUBODJBTQSPEVDJEBT QPSFMMPTMPTBOUJDVFSQPT Página 19 21. &OMBMFDUVSBFYJTUFOEPTFTQFDJFTRVFSFTQPOEFOBEJGFSFOUFTFTUÓNVMPT-BGMPSDBQUBMBTDPOEJDJPOFTEFMV[ZEF PTDVSJEBE EFM BNCJFOUF Z TF BCSF FO FTB ÞMUJNB DPOEJDJØO-PTNVSDJÏMBHPTDBQUBOFMFTUÓNVMPEFMQFSGVNFEF MBGMPSZTFBDFSDBOQBSBBMJNFOUBSTF"MIBDFSMPGFDVOEBO MBTGMPSFTZFTPEBMVHBSBPUSPFTUÓNVMPQBSBMBGMPSRVF DPNJFO[B TV SFUSPDFTP Z TF NBSDIJUB FTB NJTNB OPDIF 5PEPFTUPTFQVFEFFYQMJDBSDPOFMNPEFMPEFFTUÓNVMP QSPDFTBNJFOUPSFTQVFTUBZBEFNÈTBQPSUBFKFNQMPTEFMB SFMBDJØOEFMPTTFSFTWJWPTDPOFMBNCJFOUF 22. -BQSJODJQBMDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBRVFIBDFQPTJCMFRVFFTUBQMBOUBZMPTNVSDJÏMBHPTTFSFMBDJPOFOFTRVFMBQMBOUBGMPSFDF EFOPDIFZRVFMPTNVSDJÏMBHPTUJFOFOIÈCJUPTOPDUVSOPT 23. &MQFSGVNFEFMBTGMPSFTBUSBFMPTNVSDJÏMBHPT-PTNVSDJÏMBHPTTPONBMMMBNBEPTiWBNQJSPTwFOBMHVOBTPDBTJPOFT QPSFTPTFEBMVHBSBMKVFHPEFQBMBCSBTFOFMUÓUVMP 27. a) &MDVFSQPJODPSQPSBBHVBBUSBWÏTEFMBBDUJWJEBEDFMVMBSEFMBTDPNJEBTZEFMBTCFCJEBTZFMJNJOBBHVBB USBWÏT EF MB PSJOB MB QJFM MPT QVMNPOFT MB NBUFSJB GFDBMZFMTVEPS b) "QBSUJSEFMPTWBMPSFTTFQVFEFDPODMVJSRVFFYJTUFVO FRVJMJCSJPFOUSFMPRVFTFQJFSEFZMPRVFTFHBOBFO DBOUJEBEEFBHVB&TEFDJSFMDVFSQPFMJNJOBMBNJTNBDBOUJEBEEFBHVBRVFJODPSQPSBQBSBNBOUFOFS DPOTUBOUFMBDBOUJEBEEFBHVBRVFDPOUJFOF c) 6OBPQDJØOFTBUSBWÏTEFMBJOHFTUBEFNÈTBHVBZ PUSBEFMBEJTNJOVDJØOFOMBDBOUJEBEEFPSJOBRVF QFSNJUFSFUFOFSNÈTBHVBFOFMDVFSQP&TUBTPQDJPOFTTFWJODVMBODPOMBGVODJØOEFOVUSJDJØOJOHFTUB Z EF DPOUSPM SFHVMBDJØO EF MB FMJNJOBDJØO EF BHVB B USBWÏTEFMPTSJ×POFT d) &OFMFKFNQMPEFMTFSIVNBOPOPTQSFTFOUBOFMFRVJMJCSJP JOUFSOP EF BHVB .BOUFOFS FTUF FRVJMJCSJP FT QPTJCMF B USBWÏT EF EJGFSFOUFT NFDBOJTNPT DPNP MB JOHFTUBEFBHVBMBTVEPSBDJØOFUD+VTUBNFOUFMPRVF USBUBEFEFDJS#FSOBSEFTRVFUPEPTMPTTFSFTWJWPTQPTFFOFTUPTNFDBOJTNPTZMPTQPOFOFOGVODJPOBNJFOUPBGJOEFQSFTFSWBSTVFRVJMJCSJP © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 Páginas 20 y 21 24. a 6OFTUÓNVMPFTVOBDPOEJDJØOEFMBNCJFOUFRVFHFOFSBSÈVOBSFBDDJØOFOVOPSHBOJTNPWJWPNJFOUSBT RVFVOBSFTQVFTUBFTVOBBDDJØOQSPWFOJFOUFEFFTUF PSHBOJTNPWJWPDBVTBEBQPSFTFFTUÓNVMP b) 6OSFDFQUPSQVFEFTFSVOØSHBOPDBQB[EFDBQUBSMBT TF×BMFT RVF QSPWJFOFO EFM BNCJFOUF NJFOUSBT RVF VO FGFDUPS FT VO ØSHBOP RVF QPOF EF NBOJGJFTUP MB SFTQVFTUBBVOFTUÓNVMP c) -BSFTQVFTUBEFNPWJNJFOUPFOBOJNBMFTFTSÈQJEBZ TFFODVFOUSBWJODVMBEBDPOFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTP&OMBT QMBOUBTOPIBZTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPZTFUSBUBEFSFTQVFTUBTNÈTMFOUBT d) &M DPOUSPM FOEPDSJOP JOWPMVDSB BM TJTUFNB DPNQMFUP RVFQFSNJUFMBSFHVMBDJØOEFNVDIPTQSPDFTPTBUSBWÏT EF MB MJCFSBDJØO EF IPSNPOBT B MB TBOHSF 6OB SFTQVFTUBTFDSFUPSBFTBRVFMMBFOMBRVFVOBHMÈOEVMB MJCFSBVOBEFUFSNJOBEBTVTUBODJBRVFQVFEFTFSFOEPDSJOBQFSPUBNCJÏOMJCFSBSTFBMBNCJFOUF 25. a) &TUÓNVMPEJTNJOVDJØOEFMBUFNQFSBUVSB3FTQVFTUB NPUPSB b) &TUÓNVMPT QSFTFODJB EF MV[ Z IVNFEBE 3FTQVFTUB NPUPSB c) &TUÓNVMPDPOUBDUPDPOPUSPBOJNBM3FTQVFTUBNPUPSBZEFTFDSFDJØOEFTVTUBODJBT d) &TUÓNVMPQSFTFODJBEFMQSFEBEPS3FTQVFTUBDBNCJP de coloración. 28. a) -P RVF NVFTUSBO MBT JNÈHFOFT FT " &M PTP DBNJOB QPSMBPSJMMBEFMSÓP# &MPTPTFBDFSDBBVOBDBTDBEB ZFTQFSBRVFFMTBMNØOTBMUFQBSBUSBUBSEFBUSBQBSMP $ &MPTPBUSBQBBMTBMNØO b) &MPTPTJFOUFIBNCSFFMTBMNØODPOTUJUVZFVOFTUÓNVMP QBSBFMPTPFTFFTUÓNVMPFTDBQUBEPQPSMPTPKPTZTF USBOTNJUFBMPTDFOUSPTEFQSPDFTBNJFOUPFOEPOEFTF FMBCPSBVOBSFTQVFTUBRVFWJBKBIBTUBMPTNÞTDVMPTZMB QPOFO EF NBOJGJFTUP FO GPSNB EF NPWJNJFOUP QPS NFEJP EFM DVBM FM PTP BUSBQB BM TBMNØO &M TBMNØO OBEBFODPOUSBEFMBDPSSJFOUFEFMSÓP&MNPWJNJFOUP EFMBHVBFTVOFTUÓNVMPRVFDBQUBOSFDFQUPSFTEFMB QJFM EFM TBMNØO Z TF USBOTNJUF IBTUB MPT DFOUSPT EF QSPDFTBNJFOUP"MMÓTFFMBCPSBVOBSFTQVFTUBRVFWJBKB IBTUB MPT NÞTDVMPT EFM TBMNØO RVF QFSNJUFO MPT NPWJNJFOUPTOFDFTBSJPTQBSBOBEBS5BNCJÏOFTQPTJCMFRVFFMTBMNØODBQUFQPSNFEJPEFTVTPKPTMBQSFTFODJB EFM PTP FO MB PSJMMB Z RVF NPEJGJRVF TV SFTQVFTUBNPUPSBUSBUBOEPEFFWJUBSTFSBUSBQBEP 29.&OMBTBSB×BTIFNCSBTMPTTJTUFNBTEFDPOUSPMFTUJNVMBO MBT HMÈOEVMBT RVF MJCFSBO MBT GFSPNPOBT &O MPT NBDIPT QFSNJUFOMBDBQUBDJØOEFFTBTTVTUBODJBTZQSPWPDBOMBSFT- 9 BIO3_Docente.indd 9 1/22/10 4:57:19 PM QVFTUBNPUPSBRVFMPTDPOEVDFIBTUBMBTIFNCSBT"TÓBNCPTJOJDJBOFMDPSUFKPTFYVBMRVFDPOTJTUFFOVOBTFSJFEF SFTQVFTUBTNPUPSBT 30. Página 31 7. %FDJNPT RVF MB WJTJØO CJOPDVMBS FT NÈT FYBDUB FO UBOUP QFSNJUFNFEJSDPOHSBOQSFDJTJØOMBEJTUBODJBBVOPCKFUP 8. -PTPKPTVCJDBEPTEFNBOFSBMBUFSBMQFSNJUFOVOBFYQMPa) -BBQFSUVSBEFFTUPNBTTFQSPEVDFQPSVOBVNFOUP EFMBUFNQFSBUVSB b) "NCPTDBTPTMBBQFSUVSBEFMPTFTUPNBTZMBTVEPSBDJØOUJFOFOFODPNÞORVFTFEFTFODBEFOBOQPSVO FTUÓNVMP TJNJMBS FM BVNFOUP EF MB UFNQFSBUVSB Z RVFUJFOFODPNPSFTQVFTUBMBMJCFSBDJØOEFBHVBQPS QBSUFEFMPSHBOJTNP4FEJGFSFODJBOFODVBOUPBMPT ØSHBOPTFGFDUPSFTZBRVFFOFMDBTPEFMBTQMBOUBTTPO MPT FTUPNBT Z FO FM DBTP EF MPT TFSFT IVNBOPT MBT HMÈOEVMBTTVEPSÓQBSBT c) 6OB EJGFSFODJB FOUSF BNCPT NFDBOJTNPT FT RVF MBT QMBOUBTDBSFDFOEFDFOUSPTEFQSPDFTBNJFOUP &TRVFNBQBSB sudoración &TRVFNBEF USBOTQJSBDJØOFO QMBOUBT &TUÓNVMPBVNFOUP EFMBUFNQFSBUVSB BNCJFOUBM &TUÓNVMPBVNFOUP EFMBUFNQFSBUVSB BNCJFOUBM RecFQUPSFTEFMBQJFM RecFQUPSFTEFMB TVQFSGJDJFEFMBIPKB $FOUSPEF QSPDFTBNJFOUP &GFDUPSHMÈOEVMB TVEPSÓQBSB &GFDUPSFTUPNB ResQVFTUBMJCFSBDJØOEF sudor ResQVFTUBMJCFSBDJØOEF WBQPSEFBHVB SBDJØOEFMFOUPSOPNVZBNQMJPFOUPEPNPNFOUP-BMJFCSFFTIFSCÓWPSBQPSMPRVFTFHVSBNFOUFFTQSFTBEFBMHÞODBSOÓWPSP%JDIPTPKPTMFQFSNJUFOEFUFDUBSMBQSFTFODJB EF QSFEBEPSFT &M IBMDØO FO DBNCJP SFRVJFSF HSBO QSFDJTJØOFOMBDBQUVSB&TUPTFMPHSBHSBDJBTBMBQSFTFODJBEFWJTJØOFTUFSFPTDØQJDB 9. &O MB WJTJØO NPOPDVMBS DBEB PKP FYQMPSB VOB QBSUF EFM FOUPSOPZDVBOEPTFGVTJPOBOBNCPTDBNQPTTFQSPEVDF VOBJNBHFOÞOJDBZFO%4JWFNPTEPCMFBMFTUBSDBOTBEPTOPTPUSPTRVFUFOFNPTNBZPSJUBSJBNFOUFVOBWJTJØO CJOPDVMBSEFCFTFSRVFBMPKPMFDVFTUBGVTJPOBSBNCBT JNÈHFOFTZTFQSPEVDFFTUFGFOØNFOPEFiWFSEPCMFwWJTJØOEFDBEBPKPQPSTFQBSBEP Página 33 10.&MIFDIPEFRVFFOBOJNBMFTDPNPMBTNFEVTBTVOSFDFQUPSTFOTPSJBMTFFTUJNVMBBOUFEJGFSFOUFTGPSNBTEFFOFSHÓBQFSPOPPDVSSFBTÓFOPUSPTDPNPFOMPTWFSUFCSBEPT QPESÓB FYQMJDBSTF QPSRVF FWPMVUJWBNFOUF MPT SFDFQUPSFT TFFTQFDJBMJ[BSPOZQBTBSPOEFTFSVOJEBEFTTJNQMFTBWFSEBEFSPTØSHBOPT&OFTUPTDBTPTFYJTUFTFOTJCJMJEBEBVO UJQPEFFOFSHÓBFOQBSUJDVMBSNJFOUSBTRVFFOPUSPTDPO FTUSVDUVSBT OP UBO FTQFDJBMJ[BEBT QVFEFO EFUFDUBS NÈT EFVOUJQP 11. &MIFDIPEFWFSDVBOEPFOSFBMJEBETFUSBUBEFVOFTUÓNVMP NFDÈOJDP FM GSPUBNJFOUP TF QVFEF FYQMJDBS EF FTUF NPEPTBCFNPTRVFMPTØSHBOPTZSFDFQUPSFTTFOTPSJBMFT SFTQPOEFOBFTUÓNVMPTFTQFDÓGJDPTDPOVOVNCSBMFOQBSUJDVMBS%FFTUBNBOFSBFMVNCSBMEFMPTGPUPSSFDFQUPSFT BMBMV[QPESÓBTFSNÓOJNPNJFOUSBTRVFQBSBVOFTUÓNVMP NFDÈOJDP QPESÓB TFS NÈT BMUP GSPUBS Z OP TPMBNFOUF SP[BS %FDVBMRVJFSNBOFSBEBEPRVFFMPKPFTVOBFTUSVDUVSBFTQFDÓGJDBØSHBOPEFMBWJTJØO MBÞOJDBJOUFSQSFUBDJØOQPTJCMFBVOFTUÓNVMPFTMBWJTVBM Página 37 12.&TJNQPSUBOUFRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOUPNBSTFVOUJFNQP QBSBBOBMJ[BSEFUBMMBEBNFOUFMBFYQFSJFODJBZDPNQSFOEFS DBEBVOPEFMPTQBTPTZFMFNFOUPTRVFTFVUJMJ[BO Página 30 5. 1PEFNPTEFDJSRVFMBTBCFKBTTPODJFHBTQBSBFMSPKPEFCJEPBRVFFMPKPRVFQPTFFOFTTFOTJCMFIBTUBFMOBSBOKB 1PSMPUBOUPOPQVFEFOEJTUJOHVJSMPTEFNÈTDPMPSFTQPS BSSJCB EF FTUBT MPOHJUVEFT Z QFSDJCFO UPEPT FMMPT EF MB NJTNBNBOFSB 6. 4JMPTCBTUPOFTOPJOGPSNBODPMPSFTQFSPTPONVZTFOTJCMFTBMBMV[EFCFOFTUBSQSFTFOUFTFONÈTDBOUJEBEFO BRVFMMPTBOJNBMFTEFIÈCJUPTOPDUVSOPTDVBOEPMBMV[OP BCVOEB&OFTUFDBTPTFUSBUBSÓBEFBOJNBMFTDPOWJTJØO FTDPUØQJDB EF JNBHFO OP UBO OÓUJEB QFSP RVF SFRVJFSF NFOPTMV[QBSBTVGPSNBDJØO 13. a) 4FFTQFSBRVFQVFEFOEBSDVFOUBEFRVFFOFTUFDBTP MPTBMVNOPTEFMBFYQFSJFODJBQMBOUFBSPOMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFRVFMBBVEJDJØOQFSNJUBEFUFSNJOBSMBMPDBMJ[BDJØOEFMTPOJEPFTEFDJSEFEØOEFQSPWJFOFMBGVFOUF EF TPOJEP -B IJQØUFTJT TFSÓB MB BVEJDJØO QFSNJUF UBNCJÏOEFUFSNJOBSMBMPDBMJ[BDJØOEFMTPOJEP b) -BJOUFODJØOEFFTUBQSFHVOUBFTQFOTBSFOFMTFOUJEP EFMBWJTUBZRVFFTFDPOPDJNJFOUPQVFEFTFOUBSCBTFT TPCSF MBT DVBMFT QFOTBS FM TFOUJEP EF MB BVEJDJØO BM JHVBMRVFMBQSFTFODJBEFEPTPKPTFOMPTRVFIBZTVQFSQPTJDJØO EF DBNQPT WJTVBMFT RVF QFSNJUFO WJTJØO FTUFSFPTDØQJDBMBQSFTFODJBEFEPTPÓEPTIBDFRVFMB QFSDFQDJØOEFTPOJEPTTFBFTUFSFPGØOJDB c) $BEBHSVQPQPESÈQFOTBSTVQSFEJDDJØOPTVQPTJDJØO QPSFKFNQMPTJOPTUVSOBNPTQBSBQSPEVDJSTPOJEPT FOUPODFT EFQFOEJFOEP EF MB QPTJDJØO FM BMVNOP " © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 2 La captación de los estímulos 10 BIO3_Docente.indd 10 1/22/10 4:57:19 PM QPESÈEFUFSNJOBSDPOQSFDJTJØOEFTEFEØOEFQSPWJFne el sonido. d) $VBOEPMBGVFOUFTFMPDBMJ[BFOKVTUPGSFOUFBMRVF FTDVDIBMBEJTUBODJBFTMBNJTNBIBTUBBNCPTPÓEPT QPS MP UBOUP FM TPOJEP MMFHB TJNVMUÈOFBNFOUF B MPT EPT&ODBNCJPQBSBDVBMRVJFSPUSBMPDBMJ[BDJØOMMFHBSÈQSJNFSPBVOPÓEPVPUSPZFTUPFTMPRVFQFSNJUFMBMPDBMJ[BDJØOEFMBGVFOUF e) $POFTUBTFHVOEBFYQFSJFODJBMBJEFBFTRVFFMTPOJEP EFTEFVOBEFUFSNJOBEBQPTJDJØOMMFHVFBPUSPPÓEP&M BMVNOPDPOGVOEJSÈMBMPDBMJ[BDJØOMPDVBMIBCMBEFMB GPSNB DPNP FTUPT FTUÓNVMPT TPO JOUFSQSFUBEPT FO FM DFSFCSP&OFTUBQBSUFFTJNQPSUBOUFRVFMPTBMVNOPT SFWJTFOMPUSBCBKBEPFOSFMBDJØODPOWJCSBDJPOFTNFDÈOJDBTZQVFEBOQFOTBSTJDPOMBEJTQPTJDJØOEFMPTØSHBOPTFOPUSPTBOJNBMFTUBNCJÏOTFEBFTUFGFOØNFOP&OHFOFSBMFTUPTFWFFOMPTWFSUFCSBEPTZUBNCJÏO FOMPTJOTFDUPTRVFQPTFFOØSHBOPTUJNQÈOJDPT f) 1BSBGPSNVMBSOVFWBTIJQØUFTJTTFFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOQFOTBSFOPUSBTWBSJBCMFTQPSFKFNQMPMB JOUFOTJEBEEFMTPOJEPRVFTFQVFEFEFUFDUBSPMBEJTDSJNJOBDJØOEFGVFOUFTEPTGVFOUFTEFTPOJEPRVFBMBWF[ FTUJNVMBOBMPTGPOPSSFDFQUPSFT FOUSFPUSBT OÞNFSPT &TUPT ÞMUJNPT GPSNBO VO USJÈOHVMP FOUSF TÓ 5PEPTFMMPTTPOEFDPMPSOFHSP4FUVWPFODVFOUBRVFFTUPTTJOFTUÏTJDPTBTPDJBOVODPMPSDPOVOOÞNFSPSPKP WFSEF 21.-BIJQØUFTJTEFMPTJOWFTUJHBEPSFTQPESÓBTFSRVFMBTJOFTUFTJB FT FM SFTVMUBEP EF VOB NF[DMB EF TVT TFOUJEPT FT EFDJS TVT QFSDFQDJPOFT TFOTPSJBMFT TF NF[DMBO FOUSF TÓ &TUPTSFTVMUBEPTQBSFDFOUJSBSBCBKPPUSBTIJQØUFTJT#ÈTJDBNFOUFTJMBTQFSTPOBTTJOFTUÏTJDBTNJOUJFSBOTFMFTEJGJDVMUBSÓBFMGÈDJMSFDPOPDJNJFOUPEFMPTOÞNFSPTFOUSF MPTZFMMPHSØIBDFSMPEFNBOFSBTBUJTGBDUPSJB 22.6OB EF MBT FYQMJDBDJPOFT NÈT GVFSUFT QBSB MB TJOFTUFTJB QBSFDF TFS MB JOUFSQSFUBDJØO FO MPT DFOUSPT EF QSPDFTBNJFOUP&OTFOUJEPFTQFDÓGJDPEPTÈSFBTEFMDFSFCSPRVF FOTJUVBDJPOFTOPSNBMFTTFIBMMBOTFQBSBEBTFOUSFTÓTF FTUJNVMBONVUVBNFOUFZTFNF[DMBOMBTQFSDFQDJPOFT Páginas 40 y 41 23. Forma de energía Estímulo Receptor Lumínica -V[ Mecánica 1SFTJØONFDÈOJDB .FDBOP sobre superficie SSFDFQUPSFT EFMDVFSQP WJCSBDJPOFTEFM NFEJPPOEBT sonoras, HSBWFEBE 1FMPTTJTUFNBEF MBMÓOFBMBUFSBM sensilias BVEJUJWBTØSHBOP UJNQÈOJDPPÓEP FTUBUPDJTUPT FTUBUPMJUPT BQBSBUP WFTUJCVMBS Química 4VTUBODJBT RVÓNJDBTB EJTUBODJBZQPS DPOUBDUP 2VJNJP SSFDFQUPSFT $ÏMVMBTTFOTJCMFT GPTFUBT sensoriales, papilas HVTUBUJWBT DPOEVDUPT nasales, órgano EF+BDPCTPO Térmica 5FNQFSBUVSB 5FSNP SSFDFQUPSFT 'PTFUBTGBDJBMFT SFDFQUPSFTEFMB piel. Magnética $BNQP NBHOÏUJDP UFSSFTUSF .BHOFUP SSFDFQUPSFT .BHOFUJUBFO EJTUJOUBTQBSUFT EFMDVFSQPTFHÞO FMTFSWJWP Eléctrica &MFDUSJDJEBE &MFDUSP SSFDFQUPSFT 3FDFQUPSFT UVCFSPTPTPEF BNQPMMB DPODFOUSBEPTFO MBDBCF[B alrededor de la CPDBZFOFM TJTUFNBEFMB MÓOFBMBUFSBM 'PUPSSFDFQUPSFT Página 38 14.1BSBDPOPDFSFMDPOUFYUPFOFMRVFTFEFTBSSPMMBMBWJEBEF © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 .POFU BEFNÈT EF BOBMJ[BS MPT UJFNQPT RVF TF NFODJPOBOFTJNQPSUBOUFRVFMPTBMVNOPTUFOHBOFODVFOUBFM MVHBSZBMHVOPTIFDIPTIJTUØSJDPT 15. .POFUQSFUFOEÓBQJOUBSUPEBTMBTWBSJFEBEFTEFOFOÞGBSFT RVFFNQF[ØBDVMUJWBSFOFMKBSEÓOEFTVDBTBFO(JWFSOZ 6OQSPCMFNBEFTBMVEFOTVTPKPTMFJNQJEJØDPOUJOVBS DPOTVUSBCBKPIBTUBRVFGJOBMNFOUFEFDJEJØPQFSBSTF 16. "NCBTQJOUVSBTQSFUFOEFOSFGMFKBSMPNJTNPTJOFNCBSHP QVFEFWFSTFBUSBWÏTEFFMMBTRVFEVSBOUFMPTWFJOUFB×PT FOUSF MB QSJNFSB Z MB TFHVOEB FTUB FOGFSNFEBE BMUFSØ MB QFSDFQDJØOWJTVBMEFMQJOUPS 17. 4F FTQFSB RVF QVFEBO QFOTBS FO RVF FTUB BMUFSBDJØO TF EFCFBVOQSPCMFNBFOFMPKPQPSBDVNVMBDJØOEFQJHNFOUPTRVFDPOEVDFBVOBJOUFSQSFUBDJØOEJGFSFOUFEFM FOUPSOP%FBIÓRVF.POFUZBOPGPSNBSBJNÈHFOFTOÓUJEBTOJEJTUJOHVJFSBGPSNBTZTPMPQFSDJCJFSBMVDFTZTPNCSBT&OFTUFDBTPMPTQJHNFOUPTRVFTFFTUJNVMBOBMPOHJUVEFTEFPOEBDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFTBMWJPMFUBB[VMZWFSEF TF BDVNVMBSPO FO FM DSJTUBMJOP F JNQJEJFSPO RVF MB MV[ QBTBSBIBTUBMBSFUJOB-BMV[SPKBZBNBSJMMBTFHVÓBQBTBOEPMPRVFIBDÓBRVF.POFUQFSDJCJFSBTVNVOEPFOUPOPT DÈMJEPTZMVFHPZBTJODPMPSFT Página 39 18. &MBSUÓDVMPMMFWBFTFOPNCSFEFCJEPBRVFMPTTJOFTUÏTJDPT EFMPTRVFTFIBCMBQBSFDFODPOGVOEJSPNF[DMBSVOTFOUJEPDPOPUSP 19. -BTIJQØUFTJTRVFTFGPSNVMBSPOFOSFMBDJØODPOFTUFGFOØNFOPTPOIJQØUFTJTFYQMJDBDJPOFTFOSFMBDJØODPOFMBCVTPEFESPHBTIJQØUFTJTMPTTJOFTUÏTJDPTSFNFNPSBOZBTPDJBOFYQFSJFODJBTWJWJEBTFOMBJOGBODJBIJQØUFTJTOPIBCSÓBUBMFOGFSNFEBETPMPVOVTPNFUBGØSJDPEFMMFOHVBKF 20. &MFOTBZPDPOTJTUFFONPTUSBSMFTBEFUFSNJOBEPTTJOFTUÏTJDPTVOBTUBSKFUBTRVFUJFOFOWBSJPTOÞNFSPTZBMHVOPT Estructuras implicadas $ÏMVMBT GPUPTFOTJCMFT NBODIBTEF QJHNFOUPPDFMPT PKPTJNQMFPKP DPNQVFTUPZFO DÈNBSB 11 BIO3_Docente.indd 11 1/22/10 4:57:20 PM 24. a) -BTEPTGPUPTTPOEFMBNJTNBJNBHFOVOHJSBTPM-B" b) c) d) e) TFWFFODPMPSBNBSJMMPZWFSEFNJFOUSBTRVFMB#BQBSFDFFOUPOPB[VMBEPBEFNÈTTFWFDPNPQJYFMBEB -BTGPUPTTFSFMBDJPOBODPOFMFTUÓNVMPMVNÓOJDP $PNP TF USBUB EF JNÈHFOFT TPMP QVFEF USBUBSTF EF TFSFTWJWPTRVFQPTFFOPKPTRVFTPOMPTØSHBOPTWJTVBMFT GPSNBEPSFT EF JNBHFO 1PS PUSP MBEP TF WFO EJGFSFOUFTBTÓRVFTFUSBUBEFTFSFTWJWPTDVZPTGPUPSSFDFQUPSFTTFFTUJNVMBOFOEJGFSFOUFTSBOHPTEFMPOHJUVEFTEFPOEBZDVZBJOGPSNBDJØOWJTVBMTFJOUFSQSFUBEFGPSNBEJGFSFOUF-BGPUP#DPNPQBSFDFQJYFMBEBQPESÓBTFSQSPEVDUPEFMBFTUJNVMBDJØOEFEJGFSFOUFT QBSUFT 1PESÓB USBUBSTF EF VO PKP DPNQVFTUP EF WBSJPTPNBUJEJPT 4FFTQFSBRVFQVFEBOQFOTBSFORVFUPEPMPSFGFSFOUF B JOUFSQSFUBDJØO EF JOGPSNBDJØO QPS QBSUF EF MPT DFOUSPT EF QSPDFTBNJFOUP FT BMHP RVF OP QPEFNPT BTFHVSBSNÈTBMMÈEFOVFTUSBFYQFSJFODJB%FFTUBNBOFSB OP QPEFNPT BTFHVSBS RVF MB TFHVOEB JNBHFO TFSÓBQFSDJCJEBEFFTBGPSNBQPSPUSPTTFSFTWJWPT&O GVODJØOEFJOGPSNBDJØOFYQFSJNFOUBMQPEFNPTBDFSDBSOPTBMNPEPDPNPPUSPTTFSFTWJWPTQPESÓBOQFSDJCJSTVNVOEP &MQFSSPWFSÓBMBGMPSTJNJMBSBMB"FODVBOUPBMBOJUJEF[BVORVFMBIPKBWFSEFQPTJCMFNFOUFMBWFSÓBBNBSJMMB&TUPTFEFCFBRVFMPTQFSSPTEFUFDUBOFOEJGFSFOUFTMPOHJUVEFTEFPOEBZQFSDJCFOEFNBOFSBEJGFSFOUFEFMPTTFSFTIVNBOPT 25. a) -BTJNÈHFOFTQSFUFOEFOJMVTUSBSVOGFOØNFOPDPOPDJEPDPNPiQPEFSEFBDPNPEBDJØOw&OFMQSJNFSDBTP QBSB WFS DPO OJUJEF[ VO PCKFUP RVF TF VCJDB MFKPT FT OFDFTBSJPRVFFMDSJTUBMJOPTFWVFMWBNÈTGJOP&OFMTFHVOEPDBTPFMPCKFUPFTUÈDFSDB"IPSBFMDSJTUBMJOPTF FOTBODIBZMBJNBHFOTFQVFEFGPSNBSOÓUJEBNFOUF b) $PNPTFUSBUBEFMQPEFSEFBDPNPEBDJØORVFTFMPHSB QPSNFEJPEFDBNCJPTFOFMFTQFTPSEFMBMFOUFDSJTUBMJOP VO NPEFMP EF PKP TJNJMBS TF FTQFSBFODPOUSBSFO BOJNBMFTWFSUFCSBEPTUFSSFTUSFT c) 4J FM DSJTUBMJOP TF WVFMWF NFOPT FMÈTUJDP Z EBEP RVF TPNPTBOJNBMFTUFSSFTUSFTOPQPESFNPTFOGPDBSGÈDJMNFOUF MPT PCKFUPT Z MPT WFSFNPT QPDP OÓUJEPT &M DSJTUBMJOPFTVOBMFOUFZTVGVODJØOFTFOGPDBSJNÈHFOFTTPCSFMBSFUJOB-BMV[QBTBZTFSFGSBDUB4JFTUPZB OP QVFEF IBDFSMP FM DSJTUBMJOP FM VTP EF VOB MFOUF BSUJGJDJBMQPESÓBDVNQMJSFTUBGVODJØO 26. QPTFFVOBBMUBFTUJNVMBDJØODPOMBDBSOFZMBTBMZTF FTUJNVMBNVZQPDPBOUFMBTBDBSPTBZMBNJFM e) 1VFEF EFDJSTF RVF DBEB SFDFQUPS FT NÈT TFOTJCMF B VOB DMBTF QBSUJDVMBS EF FTUÓNVMP RVÓNJDP ZB RVF TJ CJFODBQUBOMBTEFNÈTTVTUBODJBTDBEBVOPEFFMMPT FTFTUJNVMBEPNÈTWFDFTQBSBEFUFSNJOBEBTVTUBODJB ZOPQBSBPUSBT"VORVFFOFMDBTPEFMBNJFMBNCPT SFDFQUPSFTTFFTUJNVMBOEFVONPEPTJNJMBS 27.4JUBOUPMBTBWFTDPNPMPTNBNÓGFSPTQPTFFOQBQJMBTHVTUBUJWBTTJHOJGJDBRVFBNCPTQVFEFODBQUBSFTUÓNVMPTRVÓNJDPT 4JO FNCBSHP FM IFDIP EF RVF FM TFS IVNBOP UFOHB NÈTDBOUJEBERVFMBTBWFTQPOFFOFWJEFODJBRVFOPUPEPT MPT TFOUJEPT TPO JHVBMNFOUF SFMFWBOUFT FO UPEPT MPT TFSFTWJWPT%FIFDIPDPNPWJNPTFOFMDBQÓUVMPMBTBWFT QPTFFOVOBFYDFMFOUFWJTJØOVOBEFMBTNÈTQSFTUJHJPTBT EFOUSPEFMPTWFSUFCSBEPT5BNCJÏOQPTFFOVOCVFOPÓEP 28. a) -BFDPMPDBDJØOFTFMGFOØNFOPBUSBWÏTEFMDVBMBMHVOPTBOJNBMFTVUJMJ[BOTVFDPFOMBEFUFDDJØOEFMBEJSFDDJØOEJTUBODJBNBHOJUVEZUFYUVSBEFMPTPCKFUPT b) &O FM QSJNFS DBTP IBCMBNPT EF VO NFDBOJTNP EF PSJFOUBDJØOFOFMRVFJOUFSWJFOFONFDBOPSSFDFQUPSFT RVF TF FTUJNVMBO BOUF WJCSBDJPOFT EFM NFEJP &O FM DBTPEFMPTNVSDJÏMBHPTUBNCJÏOFTPSJFOUBDJØOQFSP FOFTUFDBTPFMFTUÓNVMPFTEJGFSFOUFPOEBTTPOPSBT 3 Las respuestas a los estímulos Página 48 5. -BT CBDUFSJBT QVFEFO EFUFDUBS HSBEJFOUFT EF TVTUBODJBT RVÓNJDBT Z MV[ )BZ CBDUFSJBT RVF QVFEFO EFUFDUBS FM NBHOFUJTNP UFSSFTUSF QPS FKFNQMP MBT CBDUFSJBT NBHOFUPTUÈUJDBT VUJMJ[BO MPT NBHOFUPTPNBT FTUSVDUVSBT JOUSBDFMVMBSFT DPNQVFTUBT QPS DSJTUBMFT NJOFSBMFT EF IJFSSPPSJFOUÈOEPTFFOMBDPMVNOBEFBHVB"TÓCVTDBOMBT DPOEJDJPOFTRVFGBWPSFDFOTVNFUBCPMJTNP&TUBSFTQVFTUBSFDJCFFMOPNCSFEFiNBHOFUPUBYJBw 6. -B SFUSBDDJØO EFM TFVEØQPEP EF MB BNFCB BOUF MB MV[ TF QBSFDF B MB SFTQVFTUB GSFOUF BM BMJNFOUP FO RVF BNCPT FTUÓNVMPTEFTFODBEFOBOVOBSFTQVFTUB4JOFNCBSHPFO VODBTPTFUSBUBEFFTUÓNVMPMVNÓOJDPZFOFMPUSPEFDPOUBDUP&OFMDBTPEFMBMV[FTVOBUBYJBOFHBUJWBZFOFMEF MBBMJNFOUBDJØOFTQPTJUJWB 7. &OMPTUVMJQBOFTEFMBGPUPHSBGÓBTFPCTFSWBVOBSFTQVFTUB EFUJQPOBTUJBQPSRVFFMNPWJNJFOUPEFBQFSUVSBPDJFSSF EF TVT QÏUBMPT PDVSSF JOEFQFOEJFOUFNFOUF EF MB QSPDFEFODJBEFMFTUÓNVMP VOPEFMPTDVBUSPRVJNJPSSFDFQUPSFTRVFQPTFFOMPT JOTFDUPTFODBEBVOBEFTVTTFOTJMJBT&TUBTFTUSVDUVSBTMBTFODPOUSBNPTFOMPTBQBSBUPTCVDBMFTZFOMBT QBUBTEFMPTJOTFDUPT b) 4FFTUVEJBSPOMPTFTUÓNVMPTEFTBMDMPSVSPEFTPEJP DBSOFTBDBSPTBB[ÞDBS ZNJFM c) -PTWBMPSFTBQSPYJNBEPTEFFTUJNVMBDJØOTPOTBMRVJNJPSSFDFQUPSBOBSBOKBEPDBSOFRVJNJPSSFDFQUPS BOBSBOKBEPTBDBSPTBRVJNJPSSFDFQUPSWFSEF NJFMRVJNJPSSFDFQUPSWFSEF BNBSJMMP d) &M RVJNJPSSFDFQUPS SFQSFTFOUBEP DPO DPMPS OBSBOKB Página 49 8. 4JMBQMBOUBEFFTQJOBDBSFDJCFDBUPSDFIPSBTEFMV[TPMP EVSBOUFVOBTFNBOBOPIBCSÈSFDJCJEPMBDBOUJEBEOJMB EVSBDJØOEFMV[OFDFTBSJBQBSBGMPSFDFS 9. &OFMDBTPEFMBFTQJOBDBFTVOBSFTQVFTUBEFGMPSBDJØOP JOIJCJDJØOEFFMMBFODBTPEFOPSFDJCJSMV[TVGJDJFOUF&O FMDBTPEFMBQMBOUB"SFTQPOEFJOIJCJFOEPFMDSFDJNJFOUP EFTVTQBSUFTDPNPFMUBMMPPFTUJNVMBFMDSFDJNJFOUPEF SBNJGJDBDJPOFT&OBNCPTTFUSBUBEFFTUÓNVMPTMVNÓOJDPT QFSPFO"TFUSBUBEFVOUJQPEFMV[DBMJEBE ZFOMBFTQJOBDBDBOUJEBEZEVSBDJØO © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 a) $BEB VOP EF MPT DPMPSFT EF MBT CBSSBT SFQSFTFOUB B 12 BIO3_Docente.indd 12 1/22/10 4:57:20 PM Página 51 10.&MBNCJFOUFEF.JTJPOFTZEFMQBSRVFTFDBSBDUFSJ[BQPS QSFTFOUBSBCVOEBOUFWFHFUBDJØORVFPDVQBEJGFSFOUFTFTUSBUPT1PSMPUBOUPMBMV[OPJOHSFTBIBTUBMBTTVQFSGJDJFT NÈTCBKBT(SBDJBTBMBQSFTFODJBEFFTUBTBEBQUBDJPOFTMBT SFTQVFTUBTUJHNPUSØQJDBTQVFEFOUSFQBSZMMFHBSBMBMV[ Página 52 11. a) &MPCKFUJWPEFMBSNBEPEFMEJTQPTJUJWPFTEFNPTUSBSFM HFPUSPQJTNPPHSBWJUSPQJTNPFOMBTSBÓDFTZUBMMPTEF MBTQMBOUBT b) -BTTFNJMMBTTFVCJDBOEFNPEPEJGFSFOUFQBSBQPEFS DPNQBSBSMPTSFTVMUBEPTTJFTUVWJFSBOVCJDBEBTEFMB NJTNBGPSNBOPTFQPESÓBDPNQSPCBSMBTSFTQVFTUBT FOFMDSFDJNJFOUPEFMBSBÓ[ZFMUBMMP c) 1BSBDPNQSPCBSDVÈMFTMB[POBEFMBSBÓ[JOWPMVDSBEB FO MB DBQUBDJØO EFM FTUÓNVMP EF MB HSBWFEBE TF QPESÓBODPMPDBSEPTTFNJMMBTFOMBNJTNBQPTJDJØOZBM DBCPEFVOUJFNQPDPSUBSFMFYUSFNPEFVOBEFFMMBT -VFHP TF HJSBSÓBO BNCBT TFNJMMBT Z TF FTQFSBSÓB VO UJFNQPQBSBPCTFSWBSTJSFBMNFOUFIBZVOBSFTQVFTUB FOMBEJSFDDJØOEFMDSFDJNJFOUPEFMBSBÓ[ 12.3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB Página 53 13.6OQBUSØOGJKPEFBDDJØO'"1 FTVOBVOJEBEFMFNFOUBM NPUPSBZTFOTPSJBMQSFTFOUFFOFMDPNQPSUBNJFOUPEFVO TFSWJWP 14.-PTDJFOUÓGJDPTVUJMJ[BOMPT'"1QBSBEFEVDJSSFMBDJPOFT EF QBSFOUFTDPQPSRVFFMDPNQPSUBNJFOUPQPTFFVOBCBTFHFOÏUJDBZTFIFSFEB1PSMPUBOUPFMBOÈMJTJTEFTVDPNQPSUBNJFOUPQVFEFEBSJOGPSNBDJØOTPCSFFMQBSFOUFTDPZMBIJTUPSJBFWPMVUJWBEFMBFTQFDJFT 15. -PTQBUSPOFTGJKPTEFBDDJØOQVFEFOWBSJBSFOUSFMPTBOJNBMFTQPSRVFRVJ[ÈTBQSFOEFOVOBNBOFSBNFKPSEFIBDFSMP © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 Página 54 16.&MBQSFOEJ[BKFFTVOBNPEJGJDBDJØOEFMDPNQPSUBNJFOUP JOOBUPGSFOUFBVOFTUÓNVMPFTQFDÓGJDPZDPNPSFTVMUBEP EFMBFYQFSJFODJBEFMBOJNBMFOTVFOUPSOP&TQSPCBCMF RVF MPT BMVNOPT CVTRVFO FKFNQMPT DPUJEJBOPT FO TVT NBTDPUBT 17. &MBQSFOEJ[BKFPGSFDFWFOUBKBTBEBQUBUJWBTBMBOJNBMQPSRVFQFSNJUFPQUJNJ[BSVOEFUFSNJOBEPDPNQPSUBNJFOUP RVFFTJOOBUP 18.4JMPTUPSEPTOPBQSFOEFOPUSPDBOUPQPSFKFNQMPFMEF VOHPSSJØOQBSFDFTFSRVFFMBQSFOEJ[BKFTFFGFDUÞBEFOUSPEFMÓNJUFTRVFBVNFOUBOMBTQPTJCJMJEBEFTEFRVFFM BOJNBMTPMPBERVJFSBFMDPNQPSUBNJFOUPBEFDVBEP 19. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB Página 55 20. 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOJOUFSDBNCJBSJEFBTFO SFMBDJØODPOMBSJHVSPTJEBEEFMBDJFODJBEFMBTFYQFSJFODJBTQMBOJGJDBEBTDPNPMBRVFTFNVFTUSBDPOMBTBCFKBT Página 56 21. 1BSBSFBMJ[BSFMFTRVFNBEFMPTTJTUFNBTEFIVJEBTFFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOQSPQPOFSFMNPEFMPFTUÓNVMP QSPDFTBNJFOUPSFTQVFTUB 22.-PTBMVNOPTFMBCPSBSÈOTVTQSPQJPTUFYUPTQFSPMPTDPODFQUPTRVFOPQVFEFOEFKBSEFNFODJPOBSTFTPOFMFTUÓNVMPQPSWJCSBDJØOEFBJSFFMQSPDFTBNJFOUPMBSFTQVFTUBJONFEJBUBPSÈQJEBEFFTDBQFMPTQFMPTTFOTJUJWPTFOUSFPUSPT%FCFQPOFSTFFMGPDPFOMBQSPDFEFODJBEFMFTUÓNVMPZFMHJSP 23. &MDPNQPSUBNJFOUPEFIVJEBQBSFDFFTUBSQSFTFOUFFOWBSJPTTFSFTWJWPT-BTSFTQVFTUBTQBSFDFOTFSFTUFSFPUJQBEBT FO FMMPT QVFTUP RVF OP TPO FKFNQMPT EF VO JOEJWJEVP TJOPEFVOHSVQPDPNPMBTDVDBSBDIBTNÈTBMMÈEFRVF QVFEBIBCFSMJHFSBTEJGFSFODJBTFOUSFFTQFDJFT &OUPODFT FTUFDPNQPSUBNJFOUPQBSFDFSÓBTFSJOOBUP4JOFNCBSHP QPESÓBOUFOFSBMHÞOUJQPEFBQSFOEJ[BKF 24. -BWFOUBKBBEBQUBUJWBRVFTVQPOFQBSBMBQPMJMMBNBDIPFT FTDBQBSBOUFMBQSFTFODJBEFTVQSFEBEPS&MPÓEPEFMBQPMJMMB QPTFF EPT SFDFQUPSFT RVF TF FTUJNVMBO FO GBTFT EF PSJFOUBDJØOBDÞTUJDBEJGFSFOUFTEFMNVSDJÏMBHP"EFNÈTTJ CJFOQPTFFOUBMFTPÓEPTMBTQPMJMMBTOPQSPEVDFOTPOJEPEF FTBTGSFDVFODJBT1PSMPUBOUPVOBQPMJMMBOPTFQVFEFDPNVOJDBSDPOPUSBNFEJBOUFTPOJEPT&TUBQSFHVOUBQPESÈ SFUPNBSTFNÈTBEFMBOUFFOSFMBDJØODPOMBDPNVOJDBDJØO Página 58 25. -BTPCSFSBTUFKFEPSBTTFNVFTUSBOTVNJTBTQPSRVFMBSFJOBNVFSEFBTVSJWBMZMBNFTVTIFSJEBT&TUPQPESÓBQSPQPSDJPOBSMFTVTUBODJBTRVÓNJDBTEFSFDPOPDJNJFOUPQBSB las obreras. 26. 7PMWJFOEPBMFKFNQMPEFMMB[PRVFTFFTUBCMFDFFOUSFMBT DSÓBTEFBWFTSFDJÏOOBDJEBTZTVTQSPHFOJUPSFTFTUFFKFNQMPFMQBSBTJUJTNPTPDJBMEFMBTIPSNJHBT QPESÓBBTFNFKBSTFZBRVFMPTJOEJWJEVPTBMFNFSHFSEFMBQVQBQFSDJCFOBFTBTPCSFSBT-BEJGFSFODJBDPOFMPUSPDBTPFTRVF FOBRVFMMBJNQSPOUBFTWJTVBMZFOFTUFDBTPEBEPFMSFMBUPQPESÓBTFSSFMBDJPOBSTFDPOVOBTF×BMRVÓNJDB 27. -BT WFOUBKBT EF MB WJEB FO TPDJFEBE QPESÓBO TFS NBZPS DBQBDJEBE EF EFUFDDJØO EF EFQSFEBEPSFT UBNCJÏO EF BUBRVFPCÞTRVFEBEFBMJNFOUPQBSBMBTPDJFEBENBZPS QSPCBCJMJEBE EF FODPOUSBS QBSFKB FOUSF PUSBT -BT EFTWFOUBKBTNBZPSQSPCBCJMJEBEEFTFSWJTUPTQPSTVTQSPQJPT EFQSFEBEPSFT NBZPS DPNQFUFODJB QPS SFDVSTPT FOUSF PUSBT 28. 1PESÓBSFMBDJPOBSTFMBDPNVOJDBDJØOFOUSFMPTTFSFTWJWPT DPOMPRVFQMBOUFBSPOMPT%BSXJOFTEFDJSRVFFMFTUÓNVMPFTDBQUBEPQPSFMÈQJDFQFSPMBSFTQVFTUBPDVSSFNÈT BCBKP &WJEFOUFNFOUF FOUSF BNCBT QBSUFT EFCF FYJTUJS VOBDPNVOJDBDJØO Página 59 29. -PTBMVNOPTTVFMFOQFOTBSRVFVOFTUÓNVMPEFTFODBEFOB VOBNJTNBSFTQVFTUB1PSMPUBOUPFMFTUVEJPEFVOBEJWFSTJEBE EF FTUÓNVMPT Z SFTQVFTUBT BZVEBSÈ B WJTVBMJ[BS RVFOPTJFNQSFFTBTÓ5BMFTFMDBTPEFVOBTF×BMRVÓNJDB DPNPVOBGFSPNPOBRVFJOEVDFDBNCJPTFOMBGJTJPMPHÓB EFMBIFNCSBNJFOUSBTRVFFOMBQPMJMMBNBDIPEFTFODBEFOBVOBSFTQVFTUBEFCÞTRVFEBEFQBSFKB1FSPBTVWF[ MBNJTNBGFSPNPOBQVFEFBDUVBSFOBUSBDDJØOTFYVBMFO JOTFDUPTPFOFMDPMPSB[VMBEPEFMQF[5BNCJÏOQVFEFTVDFEFSRVFEPTFTUÓNVMPTEJGFSFOUFTDPNPVOTPOJEPPVO DPMPS EFTFODBEFOFO MB NJTNB SFTQVFTUB 0 QVFEF EBSTF 13 BIO3_Docente.indd 13 1/22/10 4:57:21 PM VODBTPNÈTDPNQMFKPEFWBSJPTTPOJEPTEJGFSFOUFTRVF EFTFODBEFOBOEJGFSFOUFTDPNQPSUBNJFOUPTFOMPTNPOPT WFSWFU 30. 5FOFSPSHBOJ[BEPVODVBESPDPNQBSBUJWPQFSNJUFBOBMJ[BSEFNBOFSBNÈTQSFDJTBMBJOGPSNBDJØO UFSSJUPSJPEF3PMGTFHVSBNFOUFBEPQUBSÓBUBMQPTUVSB BOUFTEFMMFHBSBMBQFMFB d) 4FHÞOFMBVUPSFMDPNQPSUBNJFOUPFTUÈiWJTUPCBKPFM QSJTNBIVNBOPw4JHOJGJDBRVFFTUBNPTPCTFSWBOEPZ IBDJFOEPJOUFSQSFUBDJPOFTEFMDPNQPSUBNJFOUPIVNBOPTPCSFOVFTUSBTQSPQJBTJEFBTZOPQVFEFODPOTJEFSBSTFUBOPCKFUJWBT e) "MMFWBOUBSMBQBUBBNCPTQFSSPTFTUÈOUSBUBOEPEF NBSDBSFMUFSSJUPSJP Página 61 31. a) &OFMUSBOTDVSTPEFMFYQFSJNFOUPTFWFSÈMBDVSWBUVSB EFMBQMBOUBIBDJBMBMV[ WB IBDJB FM DFMPGÈO B[VM 4F USBUB EF VOB SFTQVFTUB MFOUB c) )BCMBNPTEFEPTFTUÓNVMPTQPSRVFBVORVFTFUSBUB EF MV[ FTUBNPT JOWFTUJHBOEP EJGFSFOUFT UJQPT DBMJEBE 6OBFTMV[SPKBZMBPUSBMV[B[VM d) 4FEFDJEJØVUJMJ[BSQBQFMDFMPGÈOQPSRVFFMGJUPDSPNP TPMP TF FTUJNVMB BOUF FM SPKP : FM DSJQUPDSPNP Z MBT GJUPUSPQJOBT BOUF MV[ B[VM BVORVF FM DSJQUPDSPNP UBNCJÏO TF FTUJNVMB BOUF MB VMUSBWJPMFUB $POTFHVJS VOBMÈNQBSB67FTEJGÓDJMFOUPODFTBMNFOPTQPESFNPTEFDJEJSFOUSFMV[SPKBZMV[B[VM e) 4JMBQMBOUBTFDVSWBIBDJBMBWFOUBOBDPODFMPGÈOSPKP TFUSBUBSÈEFMV[SPKB&ODBNCJPTJOPMFQBTBOBEB QPESÓBTFSRVFTFUSBUFEFMDSJQUPDSPNPZTVTFOTJCJMJEBE B MB MV[ VMUSBWJPMFUB 4J CJFO TF QVFEF JOGFSJS EFCFSÓB MMFWBSTFBDBCPVOBFYQFSJFODJBQBSBWFSMP"IPSBTJTF DVSWBIBDJBMBWFOUBOBDPODFMPGÈOB[VMPCJFOTFUSBUB EFMDSJQUPDSPNPPCJFOEFMBGJUPUSPQJOB-BOVFWBQSFHVOUBRVFTVSHFQPESÓBTFS{RVÏUJQPFTQFDÓGJDPEFSFDFQUPS EFTFODBEFOB MB SFTQVFTUB GPUPUSØQJDB &O FTUF DBTPMBFYQFSJFODJBEFCFSÓBTFSTJNJMBSFTEFDJSJMVNJOBSMBUFSBMNFOUFDPOMV[674JTFDVSWBFTFMDSJQUPDSPNPTJOPTFDVSWBQPEFNPTJODMJOBSOPTBQFOTBSRVFTF USBUBEFMBGJUPUSPQJOB Páginas 64 y 65 36. t *OOBUJTNP DPNQPSUBNJFOUPT RVF FTUÈO QSFTFOUFT EFTEFFMOBDJNJFOUPEFMBOJNBM t $PNVOJDBDJØOBDDJØORVFUJFOFDPNPQSJODJQBMDPN QPOFOUFFMJOUFSDBNCJPEFTF×BMFTZSFTQVFTUBTFOUSF MPTPSHBOJTNPTEFVOBDPNVOJEBE 7FSFOFMHMPTBSJPEFMMJCSPMBTEFNÈTEFGJOJDJPOFT 37. a) /POPFTDJFSUPRVFMBTTFNJMMBTEFMFDIVHBSFRVJFSFO b) c) d) Página 62 32. $BEB BMVNOP QPESÈ FYQSFTBS TVT TFOUJNJFOUPT BOUF MB JNBHFOEFMBFWPMVDJØOEF.JDLFZ.PVTFDPNPNÈTUFSOVSBZTJNQBUÓBFOFMÞMUJNP 33. -PT BSUJTUBT EF %JTOFZ GVFSPO DBNCJBOEP FM BTQFDUP EFM QFSTPOBKFIBDJÏOEPMPDBEBWF[NÈTKVWFOJMBMBWF[RVFTV DPOEVDUBTFNPEJGJDBCBEFKBOEPEFTFSBHSFTJWPQBSBTFS NÈTBNBCMFZTJNQÈUJDP&TUPTFSFMBDJPOBDPOMBUFSOVSB RVFOPTQSPEVDFOMPTBOJNBMFTDPOSBTHPTKVWFOJMFT 34. -BTUSBOTGPSNBDJPOFTGÓTJDBTQPSMBTRVFQBTØFMQFSTPOBKF TPORVFTVDBSBTFIJ[PNÈTSFEPOEFBEBTVTPKPTNÈT HSBOEFTZFTNÈTSFDIPODIP Página 63 35. a) 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB b) "NCPT QFSSPT TF PMGBUFBO DPNQPSUBNJFOUP RVF FT VTVBMFOUSFFMMPT&OFTUFDBTPEBJEFBEFDPOGJBO[BZ TFHVSJEBETFYPZFTUBUVT c) /JOHVOPEFMPTEPTQFSSPTJOJDJBFMBUBRVFQPSRVFFTUÈO FO UFSSJUPSJP OFVUSBM FT EFDJS RVF OJOHVOP FT iQSPQJFUBSJPwEFFTFUFSSJUPSJP&TQPSFTUPNJTNPQPS MP RVF OJOHVOP BEPQUB MB TVNJTJØO QPSRVF TFSÓB DPNPDFEFSQPEFS&OPUSPDBTPQPSFKFNQMP8PMGFO e) MV[QBSBHFSNJOBSZBRVFFOMBPTDVSJEBEPDPOMV[SPKB MFKBOBIBZNFOPTQPSDFOUBKFSFTQFDUPEFMBMV[SPKB 4PCSFMBTTFNJMMBTTFFGFDUVBSPOFYQPTJDJPOFTBMUFSOBEBTEFEJGFSFOUFTUJQPTEFMV[SPKBZSPKBMFKBOB -PTJOWFTUJHBEPSFTBOBMJ[BSPOMBHFSNJOBDJØOZFYQSFTBSPOFMQPSDFOUBKFFYQSFTBDVÈOUBTDPOSFMBDJØOBM UPUBMRVFDPOTUJUVZFFM 1PTJCMFNFOUFMPTDJFOUÓGJDPTIBZBORVFSJEPQSPGVOEJ[BSSFTQFDUPEFMPTFGFDUPTRVFUJFOFTPCSFMBHFSNJOBDJØO MB NPEJGJDBDJØO EF TV BNCJFOUF MVNÓOJDP Z DØNPFTUPSFQFSDVUFTPCSFFTUFGFOØNFOP0TJVOB WF[JOIJCJEPFMQSPDFTPQPEÓBSFWFSUJSTF&TUFBTQFDUP EFMBDJFODJBFTJNQPSUBOUFSFUPNBSMPDPOMPTBMVNOPTMPTQSPCMFNBTSFTVFMUPTTJFNQSFHFOFSBOOVFWPT QSPCMFNBTBMBWF[RVFMPTGFOØNFOPTTJFNQSFTPO JOWFTUJHBEPTFOQSPGVOEJEBEEFOUSPEFMPRVFFTUÈBM BMDBODF&TUBFYQFSJFODJBFOFGFDUPGVFMBRVFQFSNJUJØ FOVODJBS RVF FYJTUÓB VO GPUPSSFDFQUPS FTQFDÓGJDP EFMV[SPKBZQFSNJUJØDPNQSFOEFSEFRVÏNBOFSBMBT QMBOUBTDBQUBOMBQSFTFODJBEFQMBOUBTWFDJOBT 6OPQVFEFWFSRVFFOBVTFODJBEFMV[MBHFSNJOBDJØOFTUBOTPMPEFM&TUFEBUPFTJNQPSUBOUFZB RVF TBCFNPT RVF FTUBT TFNJMMBT SFRVJFSFO MV[ P BM NFOPT RVF GBWPSFDF MB HFSNJOBDJØO " QBSUJS EF ÏM QVFEFOJOUFSQSFUBSTFMPTEFNÈTSFTVMUBEPT-BMV[SPKB JOEVDFMBHFSNJOBDJØOTJOFNCBSHPTJTFBMUFSOBDPO MV[SPKBMFKBOBTFJOIJCFFOWBSJBTEFFMMBT:TFSFWJFSUFBMJMVNJOBSDPOMV[SPKBPUSBWF[1PSMPRVFTFWFMP RVFEFUFSNJOBMBHFSNJOBDJØOFTMBÞMUJNBJMVNJOBDJØOSFDJCJEBZFMQSPDFTPFTSFWFSTJCMF 38. a) $BEB BMVNOP QPESÈ FOTBZBS BMHVOB IJQØUFTJT QPS FKFNQMPEVSBOUFMBGPUPNPSGPHÏOFTJTTFBDUJWBOMPT 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Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 b) 4FFTQFSBRVFBMDBCPEFVOUJFNQPMBQMBOUBTFNVF- 14 BIO3_Docente.indd 14 1/22/10 4:57:22 PM DVJEBEPT ZB RVF EFCF EFKBSTF FODFOEJEB EVSBOUF UPEBMBFYQFSJFODJB c) 4J TF RVJFSF TBCFS DØNP JOGMVZF FM UJQP EF MV[ FO FM DSFDJNJFOUPTFEFCFODPNQBSBSBMUVSBTDBOUJEBEEF IPKBTUJFNQPEFDSFDJNJFOUPFOUSFPUSPTBTQFDUPT 39. -B PQDJØO DPSSFDUB FT MB D -BT QMBOUBT SFRVJFSFO DJFSUB DBOUJEBE EF MV[PTDVSJEBE QBSB GMPSFDFS /P PCTUBOUF FMMBTNJEFOMPTQFSÓPEPTEFPTDVSJEBE&TUBQMBOUBSFRVJFSF NFOPT EF EPDF IPSBT EF MV[ QBSB GMPSFDFS 5BNCJÏO TBCFNPTRVFFMGPUPQFSÓPEPTFDVFOUBFOGVODJØOEFMEÓB IT 4JTFJMVNJOBUPEPFMEÓBOPIBCSÈFTUÓNVMPJOEJDBEPSMPNJTNPTVDFEFSÈDPOMBPTDVSJEBE&OFMDBTPE JOUFSSVNQJFOEP FM QFSÓPEP EF MV[ JOEFQFOEJFOUFNFOUF EFMNPNFOUPEFMEÓBOVODBQPESÈUFOFSNFOPTEFEPDF IPSBTEFMV[ZBRVFFTUÈTJFNQSFJMVNJOBEB ZBEFNÈT DPNPEJKJNPTNJEFQFSÓPEPTEFPTDVSJEBE&OFMÞMUJNP DBTPMBQMBOUBFTUBSÓBNJEJFOEPEPDFIPSBTEFPTDVSJEBE ZQPSFOEFEPDFIPSBTEFMV[ZFMMBSFRVJFSFNFOPT&O FMDBTPD JOUFSSVNQJFOEPDBEBUSFDFIPSBTMBPTDVSJEBE MBQMBOUBSFDJCJSÈFMFTUÓNVMPBEFDVBEPZSFTQPOEFSÈ 40. a) -BTQPMJMMBTSFTQPOEFOBDFSDÈOEPTFBMBMV[ b) &MFTUÓNVMPRVFQSPWPDØMBSFTQVFTUBFTMVNÓOJDP c) -B SFTQVFTUB EF MBT QPMJMMBT TF QBSFDF BM TJTUFNB EF IVJEBEFMBDVDBSBDIBFORVFBNCBTTPOSFTQVFTUBT QSPWPDBEBTQPSFMFTUÓNVMPEFMV[BVORVFFOVOPFT QPTJUJWB TF BDFSDB Z FO FM DBTP EF MB DVDBSBDIB FT OFHBUJWBTFBMFKB 41. a) &O MB TFDDJØO i/P UF MP QJFSEBTw TF QSPQPSDJPOBO EPT BSUÓDVMPTRVFQPESÓBOVUJMJ[BSTF6OPEFMPTBSHVNFOUPT BGBWPSQPESÓBTFSRVFMBTMFPOBTQVFEFOSFDPOPDFSTJ VO HSVQP SJWBM FT NÈT OVNFSPTP &TUP QBSFDF JOEJDBS RVF UJFOFO BMHVOB IBCJMJEBE QBSB SFDPOPDFS DBOUJEBEFT6OBSHVNFOUPFODPOUSBEFMJOOBUJTNPQPESÓBTFS MBDPOEVDUBBHSFTJWBEFMPTHPMQFBEPSFT b) &MHSVQPQPESÈJODMJOBSTFBOUFVOBVPUSBQPTUVSBP BSHVNFOUBSRVFMBDPOEVDUBIVNBOBQVFEFQSFTFOUBS BNCPTDPNQPOFOUFT 42.-BGPUPEFMPTTVSJDBUBTNVFTUSBVODPNQPSUBNJFOUPTPDJBM EF WJHJMBODJB -B GPUP EF MPT QJOHàJOPT NVFTUSB VO DPNQPSUBNJFOUPEFDVJEBEPTQBSFOUBMFT-BGPUPEFMBWF GSBHBUBNVFTUSBVODPNQPSUBNJFOUPEFDPSUFKPFMNBDIP FYIJCFTVCPMTBSPKB 43. 4 Estímulos y respuestas en las células Página 73 5. -BNFNCSBOBQMBTNÈUJDBFTFTUSVDUVSBMNFOUFBTJNÏUSJDB QPSRVFEFMMBEPFYUFSOPQPTFFIJESBUPTEFDBSCPOPVOJEPTBQSPUFÓOBTPMÓQJEPT 6. &OMBTQSJODJQBMFTGVODJPOFTEFMBNFNCSBOBQMBTNÈUJDB DPNPMBQFSNFBCJMJEBETFMFDUJWBMPTSFDFQUPSFTEFNFNCSBOB Z MBT VOJPOFT JOUFSDFMVMBSFT JOUFSWJFOFO MBT QSPUFÓOBT&YJTUFOEPTUJQPTEFQSPUFÓOBTFOMBNFNCSBOBQMBTNÈUJDBMBTQSPUFÓOBTJOUFHSBMFTZMBTQSPUFÓOBTQFSJGÏSJDBT Página 76 7. -BTTF×BMFTRVÓNJDBTRVFBUSBWJFTBOMBNFNCSBOBQMBTNÈUJDBTPONPMÏDVMBTQFRVF×BTZMJQPTPMVCMFT Página 79 8. a) 1BSB DPNQSPCBS RVF FO MBT DÏMVMBT WFHFUBMFT MB MV[ FTUJNVMBMBBDUJWJEBEDFMVMBSEFCFSÓBOVUJMJ[BSFMDPSUF PQSFQBSBEPIJTUPMØHJDP-PTQBTPTBTFHVJSTFSÓBOMPT EFTDSJQUPTFOMBUÏDOJDB/PIBDFGBMUBFMDPSUFQPSRVF MBIPKJUBEFFMPEFBFTNVZEFMHBEBZTFQVFEFPCTFSWBSEJSFDUBNFOUF b) -PTDMPSPQMBTUPTTPOMPTRVFFWJEFODJBOFMNPWJNJFOUPEFMPTPSHÈOVMPTBMSFEFEPSEFMOÞDMFPDFMVMBSQPSRVFBMUFOFSDMPSPGJMBTPOWFSEFTZTFPCTFSWBOBUSBWÏTEFMNJDSPTDPQJP Página 80 9. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB 10. Los cinco sabores básicos son el ácido, el salado, el dulce, FMBNBSHPZFMumami. 11.-PTSFDFQUPSFTQBSBMPTTBCPSFTÈDJEPZTBMBEPTPODBOBMFT a) &MNPTDBSEØOTFQPESÓBVUJMJ[BSDPNPDPOUSPMCJPMØHJb) © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 MBTBCFKBTEFIFDIPTFMPDPOPDFDPOFMOPNCSFWVMHBSEFiDB[BEPSEFBCFKBTw$VBOEPFTUBMBSWBRVFFT JNQPSUBOUFQBSBDPOUSPMBSMBTQMBHBTEFMDVMUJWBSEF QBQBMMFHBBMFTUBEJPEFBEVMUPQPESÓBSFTVMUBSQFSKVEJDJBMQBSBMBBQJDVMUVSB&OUPODFTTFSÓBJNQPSUBOUF VUJMJ[BSMPBDPODJFODJBFJOWFTUJHBOEPNVZCJFODØNP VUJMJ[BSMPFGJDB[NFOUF c) d) e) f) DPEFMHVTBOPCMBODPQMBHBEFDVMUJWBSFTEFQBQB &MNPTDBSEØOBUBDBBMFTDBSBCBKPEVSBOUFTVGBTFEF MBSWB -PTHVTBOPTTFVCJDBOFOFMTVFMPBQPDPTNFUSPTEF QSPGVOEJEBE1PTJCMFNFOUFTFEFCBBTF×BMFTRVÓNJDBT RVFHVÓBOTVPSJFOUBDJØO $VBOEPFMBNCJFOUFUÏSNJDPDBNCJBUBOUP.BMMPQIPSBDPNPFMHVTBOPCMBODPSFTQPOEFOQBTBOEPBVOB FUBQBEFMFUBSHP $PNPWJNPTQBSBFMDBTPEFMBTQMBOUBTMPTFGFDUPTEF MPTJOTFDUJDJEBTQBSBFWJUBSMBTQMBHBTTPOOPDJWPTTPCSFFMBNCJFOUF&OFTUFDBTPOPTFSÓBBTÓ &MVTPEFMallophoraQPESÓBUFOFSFGFDUPTOFHBUJWPT TPCSFMBBQJDVMUVSBQPSRVFFOTVGBTFBEVMUBBUBDBB JØOJDPTRVFUJFOFODPNPTF×BMFTJOEVDUPSBTBMPT)+ZB MPT/B+SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF-PTSFDFQUPSFTQBSBMPTTBCPSFT EVMDFBNBSHPZumamiTPOFODBNCJPSFDFQUPSFTBTPDJBEPT B QSPUFÓOBT ( RVF SFTQPOEFO B MPT FTUÓNVMPT EF NPMÏDVMBT PSHÈOJDBT DPNP MPT B[ÞDBSFT MPT DPNQVFTUPT OJUSPHFOBEPTZMPTBNJOPÈDJEPTSFTQFDUJWBNFOUF 12.&ODVBMRVJFSDBTPFMQBTPGJOBMFOFTUBWÓBFTMBTF×BMEF $B2+RVFQSPEVDFMBFYPDJUPTJTEFMOFVSPUSBOTNJTPSZTV DBQUBDJØOQPSMBOFVSPOBTFOTPSJBMQSJNBSJB"MMMFHBSBM DBQÓUVMPMPTBMVNOPTQPESÈOSFDPOPDFSMBTEJGFSFOUFT OFVSPOBTZDPNQSFOEFSÈOMBJOUFHSBDJØOEFTEFMBSFDFQDJØOEFMPTFTUÓNVMPTIBTUBMBMMFHBEBEFMJNQVMTPOFSWJPTPBUSBWÏTEFMBTOFVSPOBTTFOTJUJWBT 13. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB&MUFNBEFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPFOFMTFS IVNBOPTFSÈUSBUBEPFOFMDBQÓUVMP4FTVHJFSFWPMWFSB 15 BIO3_Docente.indd 15 1/22/10 4:57:22 PM FTUBMFDUVSBVOBWF[RVFTFQSPGVOEJDFOMPTDPOPDJNJFOUPT TPCSFFMDFSFCSPZMBUSBOTNJTJØOEFMJNQVMTPOFSWJPTP 14.$POPDFSDØNPTFSFDJCFODØNPTFSFBMJ[BMBUSBOTEVDDJØO ZDØNPTFQFSDJCFOMBTTF×BMFTHVTUBUJWBTOPTQVFEFTFSWJSQPSFKFNQMPQBSBNPEJGJDBSDJFSUPTTBCPSFTEFTBHSBEBCMFTEFMPTNFEJDBNFOUPTPNFKPSBSFMTBCPSEFEFUFSNJOBEPTBMJNFOUPT b) c) Página 81 15. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB 16.-PTiSFDFQUPSFTPMGBUPSJPTwTFFODVFOUSBOFOMBNFNCSB- d) OBEFMBQJF[BNFEJBPDVFMMPEFMGMBHFMPEFMFTQFSNBUP[PJEF 17.-BTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTSFBMJ[BEBTQPOFOFOFWJEFODJBRVFMPT iSFDFQUPSFT PMGBUPSJPTw FTUÈO EJSFDUBNFOUF SFMBDJPOBEPT DPOMBRVJNJPUBYJTQPTJUJWBEFMPTFTQFSNBUP[PJEFT Páginas 82 y 83 18. e) NBGBHPDJUPTJTTJFTVOBQBSUÓDVMBFONFEJPMÓRVJEP TFEFOPNJOBQJOPDJUPTJT 6OBQSPUFÓOBJOUFHSBMFTVOBQSPUFÓOBRVFTFFODVFOUSBFOMBNFNCSBOBZQVFEFGPSNBSQBSUFEFFMMBP BUSBWFTBSMBEFMBEPBMBEPVOBPWBSJBTWFDFT 6OBCPNCBFTUÈGPSNBEBQPSQSPUFÓOBTJOUFHSBMFTEF MBNFNCSBOB-BVUJMJ[BMBDÏMVMBFOFMUSBOTQPSUFBDUJWPEFTVTUBODJBTBUSBWÏTEFMBNFNCSBOBQMBTNÈUJDB 6OBTF×BMZVYUBDSJOBFTVOFTUÓNVMPRVFVOBDÏMVMB JOEVDUPSBFOWÓBBVOBDÏMVMBCMBODP1VFEFIBDFSMPB USBWÏTEFMPTEFTNPTPNBTPVOJPOFTHBQQFSPUBNCJÏOQPSDPOUBDUPEJSFDUPEFMBDÏMVMBRVFQSFTFOUBMB TF×BMFOMBNFNCSBOBDPOMBDÏMVMBRVFQPTFFFMSFDFQUPSFTQFDÓGJDP 6ODBOBMJØOJDPFTUÈGPSNBEPQPSVODPOKVOUPEFQSPUFÓOBTJOUFHSBMFTDVZBBQFSUVSBPDJFSSFEFQFOEFEFMB DBQUBDJØOEFMBTF×BMFTQFDÓGJDBQSPWFOJFOUFEFMNFEJPFYUSBDFMVMBS 21. a) 2 b) ' c) 2 d) 2 e) ' f) ' a) 7FSEBEFSP b) 'BMTP -BT CBDUFSJBT SFTQPOEFO B NVDIPT FTUÓNVMPT RVÓNJDPTZGÓTJDPT c) 7FSEBEFSP d) 'BMTP-BTDÏMVMBTEJBOBPCMBODPTPOMBTRVFSFDJCFO 19. FMFTUÓNVMP Tipo de transporte El monóxido de nitrógeno atraviesa libremente la bicapa lipídica. Fagocitosis La bomba de sodio-potasio permite mantener dentro de la célula bajas concentraciones de sodio y altas de potasio. Difusión facilitada En la membrana se forman vesículas que engloban una bacteria para luego incorporarla al interior celular. Ósmosis El calcio atraviesa la membrana con la “ayuda” de proteínas transportadoras, pero sin gasto de energía. Transporte activo a través de la membrana El agua atraviesa la membrana plasmática sin gasto de energía. Difusión simple 20. a) &MUSBOTQPSUFFONBTBTFMMFWBBDBCPDVBOEPMBDÏMVMB UJFOF RVF JODPSQPSBS QBSUÓDVMBT EF HSBO UBNB×P DPNPNBDSPNPMÏDVMBTWJSVTCBDUFSJBTFUD"QBSUJS EF MB NFNCSBOB QMBTNÈUJDB TF GPSNB VOB WFTÓDVMB RVFDPOUJFOFFOTVJOUFSJPSMBPMBTQBSUÓDVMBTJOHFSJEBT4JMBDÏMVMBJODPSQPSBVOBQBSUÓDVMBTØMJEBTFMMB- DÏMVMBTFEFOPNJOBBVUPDSJOB-BQBSBDSJOBBDUÞBTPCSFDÏMVMBTDFSDBOBT f) 'BMTP6OBNJTNBTF×BMQVFEFPSJHJOBSEJTUJOUPUJQP EFSFTQVFTUBDFMVMBSTFHÞOKVTUBNFOUFFMUJQPDFMVMBSRVFBGFDUF g) 'BMTP &M DPNQMFKP TF×BMSFDFQUPS UBNCJÏO TF QVFEF GPSNBSFOFMDJUPQMBTNB h) 7FSEBEFSP 22.&MUSBOTQPSUFQBTJWPBUSBWÏTEFMBNFNCSBOBTFSFBMJ[BB GBWPS EFM HSBEJFOUF EF DPODFOUSBDJØO EFTEF MB [POB EF NBZPSDPODFOUSBDJØOBMBEFNFOPSDPODFOUSBDJØO ZTJO HBTUP EF FOFSHÓB NJFOUSBT RVF FM USBOTQPSUF BDUJWP TF QSPEVDFFODPOUSBEFMHSBEJFOUFEFDPODFOUSBDJØOZDPO HBTUPEFFOFSHÓB)BZEPTDSJUFSJPTQBSBDMBTJGJDBSFMNFDBOJTNPEFFOEPDJUPTJT6OPFTQPSFMUJQPEFQBSUÓDVMBTJMB QBSUÓDVMBJOHFSJEBFTTØMJEBMBFOEPDJUPTJTTFMMBNBiGBHPDJUPTJTwDVBOEPTFFODVFOUSBFOVONFEJPMÓRVJEPTFEFOPNJOB iQJOPDJUPTJTw &M PUSP TF SFMBDJPOB DPO MB GPSNB DPNPTPOJOHFSJEBTMBTQBSUÓDVMBTTJMBJODPSQPSBDJØOFTUÈ NFEJBEBQPSSFDFQUPSFTEFNFNCSBOBMBFOEPDJUPTJTFT FTQFDÓGJDBQFSPTJMBTQBSUÓDVMBTJOHSFTBOFOSFMBDJØODPO MBDPODFOUSBDJØORVFUJFOFOEFOUSPEFMBDÏMVMBMBFOEPDJUPTJTFTJOFTQFDÓGJDB 23. a) &OMPTTFSFTQMVSJDFMVMBSFTDPFYJTUFONJMMPOFTEFDÏMVMBTRVFSFBMJ[BOEFUFSNJOBEBTGVODJPOFTFTQFDÓGJDBT 5PEBTFTUBTDÏMVMBTTFDPNVOJDBOFOUSFTÓFJOUFSDBNCJBONBUFSJBZFOFSHÓBDPOFMNFEJPBNCJFOUFQBSB NBOUFOFS TV IPNFPTUBTJT FT EFDJS MBT DPOEJDJPOFT JOUFSOBTEFOUSPEFDJFSUPTMÓNJUFTFTUBCMFT b) "MHVOBTDÏMVMBTSFHVMBOMBQSPMJGFSBDJØOEFPUSBT/PSNBMNFOUFMBTDÏMVMBTTFSFQSPEVDFODVBOEPSFDJCFO FMFTUÓNVMPFTQFDÓGJDP%FFTUBNBOFSBTFBTFHVSBOMBT DBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTZFMUBNB×PEFVOUFKJEPBEFDVBEBTB © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 Fenómeno ocurrido e) 'BMTP -B TF×BM RVF QSPEVDF VO FGFDUP FO MB NJTNB 16 BIO3_Docente.indd 16 1/22/10 4:57:23 PM MBTOFDFTJEBEFTEFMDVFSQP4JFTUBDPNVOJDBDJØOZSFHVMBDJØOOPFYJTUFPGBMMBMBTDÏMVMBTTJHVFOTVTQSPQJBTJOTUSVDDJPOFTJOUFSOBTEFSFQSPEVDDJØO"MHVOBT EFMBTDPOTFDVFODJBTTPOFMEFTBSSPMMPEFUVNPSFTDBODFSÓHFOPTRVFQVFEFODPOEVDJSBMBNVFSUFEFMPSHBOJTNP &TUB DPOTJHOB QVFEF USBCBKBSTF Z BNQMJBSTF MVFHPEFMFFSi-BQPTUBwEFFTUFDBQÓUVMP 24. a) -BTTF×BMFTFYUFSOBTRVFiBOVODJBOwBMBTDÏMVMBTTPO GBDUPSFT EF DSFDJNJFOUP RVF FTUJNVMBO MB EJWJTJØO Z GBDUPSFTJOIJCJEPSFTRVFMBEFUJFOFO b) -BiDBTDBEBwTFSÓBMBUSBOTEVDDJØOEFMBTF×BM&OFTUB FUBQBMBTF×BMTFBNQMJGJDB c) -BTQSPUFÓOBTFODBSHBEBTEFJOJDJBSMBSFTQVFTUBDFMVMBSTPOMBTDJDMJOBTZMBTRVJOBTBT 5 El control nervioso Página 92 5. 4JFMFTUÓNVMPFTTVGJDJFOUFQBSBEFTQPMBSJ[BSMBNFNCSBOBMBSFTQVFTUBFTMBNJTNB-BEJGFSFODJBFTUÈFOMBGSFDVFODJB " NBZPS FTUÓNVMP NBZPS FT MB GSFDVFODJB EF iEJTQBSPTw4FFTQFSBRVFQVFEBOFTRVFNBUJ[BSBMHPTJNJMBSBFTUFHSÈGJDPEPOEFTFHÞOMBJOUFOTJEBEEFMFTUÓNVMP BVNFOUBMBGSFDVFODJBEFQPUFODJBMFTEFBDDJØO&MFKFNQMP EF MB WFMB TFSÓB FM EJCVKP TVQFSJPS Z MB FYQMPTJØO TF VCJDBSÓBFOFMTFHVOEPFKFNQMP Intensidad del estímulo Potencial de acción BDFUJMDPMJOBFOFMFTQBDJPTJOÈQUJDPMPRVFQVFEFQSPEVDJS UFNCMPSFTDBMBNCSFTZDPOUSBDDJØONVTDVMBSQFSNBOFOUF RVFQVFEFPDBTJPOBSQBSÈMJTJT Página 97 9. 6ONPEPEFPSHBOJ[BSMBJOGPSNBDJØOUSBCBKBEBTPCSFFM TJTUFNBOFSWJPTPQVFEFTFS Sistema nervioso Constituido por Función DFOUSBM4/$ &ODÏGBMPZNÏEVMB espinal. Procesar la inforNBDJØOZFMBCPSBS MBSFTQVFTUB TPNÈUJDP 4/4 PEF MBWJEBEF relación /FSWJPTRVFQBSUFO EFMFODÏGBMPZEFMB NÏEVMBFTQJOBM -MFWBSMBJOGPSNBDJØOEFTEFMPT SFDFQUPSFTIBTUB FM4/$ZMBTSFT QVFTUBTIBTUBMPT ØSHBOPTFGFDUPSFT 4VBDDJØOFTWPMVOUBSJBZDPOTDJFOUF BVUØOPNP 4/" P EFMBWJEB WFHFUBUJWB /FSWJPTZHBOHMJPT $POFDUBSMPT NÞTDVMPT JOWPMVOUBSJPTZ las glándulas con FM4/$4VBDDJØO FTJOWPMVOUBSJBF JODPOTDJFOUF 4FEJWJEFFO4/ TJNQÈUJDPZ4/ QBSBTJNQÈUJDP QFSJGÏSJDP 4/1 Página 98 10.-PTBYPOFTEFM4/4TFPSJHJOBOFOFMQFDIPSFHJØOUPSÈDJDB Tiempo Tiempo 6. 4JFMWBMPSGVFSBDBEBWF[NÈTOFHBUJWPMBNFNCSBOBFTUBSÓBNÈTMFKPTEFMWBMPSVNCSBMQPSMPUBOUPTFSÓBOOFDFTBSJPT FTUÓNVMPT EF NBZPS JOUFOTJEBE QBSB QSPWPDBS VO QPUFODJBMEFBDDJØO Página 93 7. -BTFOGFSNFEBEFTEFTNJFMJOJ[BOUFTUJFOFOEJTUJOUPTFGFD© Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 Página 95 8. "MJOBDUJWBSTFMBFO[JNBTFQSPEVDFVOBBDVNVMBDJØOEF UPTTFHÞODVÈMFTTFBOMBTOFVSPOBTBGFDUBEBT-BQÏSEJEB EFNJFMJOBQSPEVDFVOBEJTNJOVDJØOFOMBWFMPDJEBEEF DPOEVDDJØOEFMJNQVMTPOFSWJPTP4JMBEFTNJFMJOJ[BDJØO FTMPTVGJDJFOUFNFOUFHSBWFQVFEFTFSRVFFMQPUFODJBMEF BDDJØO OP MMFHVF DPO TVGJDJFOUF GVFS[B IBTUB FM QSØYJNP OØEVMPEF3BOWJFSQPSMPUBOUPFMBYØOTFSÈJODBQB[EF QSPQBHBSFMQPUFODJBMEFBDDJØOZFTUPQVFEFQSPEVDJSMB QÏSEJEB EFM DPOUSPM NPUPS -PT BGFDUBEPT EF FTDMFSPTJT NÞMUJQMFTVGSFOEFCJMJEBEGBMUBEFDPPSEJOBDJØOBMUFSBDJPOFTEFMIBCMBZEFMBWJTJØO&TUPTFEFCFBMBTNPEJGJDBDJPOFTRVFTVGSFMBWBJOBEFNJFMJOBEFMPTBYPOFTEFM DFSFCSP MB NÏEVMB FTQJOBM MB DPMVNOB WFSUFCSBM Z MPT OFSWJPTØQUJDPT ZFOMBQBSUFJOGFSJPSEFMBFTQBMEBMVNCBS EFMBNÏEVMB FTQJOBM-PTBYPOFTEFM4/1TVSHFOEFMBSFHJØODSBOFBOBZ EFMB[POBTBDSBFOFMGJOBMEFMBNÏEVMBFTQJOBM 11."OUFEFUFSNJOBEBTTJUVBDJPOFTQVFEFPDVSSJSRVFTFFTUJNVMFOBNCPTTJTUFNBTBMBWF[ZTFQSPEV[DBVODPMBQTP 4FHÞOMBJOUFOTJEBEEFMBFTUJNVMBDJØOQSFWBMFDFSÈVOB SFTQVFTUBVPUSB-BTFOTBDJØOEFCPDBTFDBTFEFCFBMB BDDJØOTJNQÈUJDBRVFFTUJNVMBMBQSPEVDDJØOEFQFRVF×BTDBOUJEBEFTEFTBMJWBWJTDPTB-BFTUJNVMBDJØOTJNQÈUJDBJOIJCFUPEBTMBTGVODJPOFTEJHFTUJWBTQPSFTPUFOFNPT FTBTFOTBDJØOFOFMFTUØNBHP&ODVBOUPBMMMBOUPFM4/1 FTUJNVMBMBQSPEVDDJØOEFMÈHSJNBT Página 101 12.&MBDUPSFGMFKPFTMBSFTQVFTUBDPSSFTQPOEJFOUFBMGVODJPOBNJFOUP EF VO HSVQP EF OFVSPOBT RVF FO DPOKVOUP DPOTUJUVZFO FM BSDP SFGMFKP &M BSDP SFGMFKP FT MB VOJEBE GVODJPOBMEFMBDUPSFGMFKP 13.&OMBSFTQVFTUBSFGMFKBJOUFSWJFOFOGJCSBTTFOTJUJWBTZNPUPSBTEFMBNÏEVMBFTQJOBM Página 102 14. a) -BUPYJOBCPUVMÓOJDBFTVOBOFVSPUPYJOBRVFJNQJEF MB MJCFSBDJØO EF BDFUJMDPMJOB FO MBT VOJPOFT OFVSPNVTDVMBSFTPFOPUSBTVOJPOFTDPMJOÏSHJDBTZQSPEVDF VOB EFOFSWBDJØO QBSDJBM SFWFSTJCMF EF MPT NÞTDVMPT EPOEFTFJOZFDUBPEFMBTHMÈOEVMBTFYPDSJOBT-VFHP EFTVJOZFDDJØOJOUSBNVTDVMBSJOUSBEÏSNJDBPJOUSB- 17 BIO3_Docente.indd 17 1/22/10 4:57:24 PM Página 103 15. a) -BCFCJEBQSFGFSJEBQBSBMPTBEPMFTDFOUFTRVFDPOTVNFO VO TPMP USBHP FT FM WJOP "QSPYJNBEBNFOUF FM EFMPTBEPMFTDFOUFT b) 1BSBBRVFMMPTRVFDPOTVNFOFOUSFZUSBHPTFMWJOP OPFTMBCFCJEBQSFWBMFDJFOUFTJOPRVFTFPCTFSWBVO BVNFOUPEFMDPOTVNPEFCFCJEBTGVFSUFTZDFSWF[B c) 4FHÞO FMHSÈGJDPMPTRVFDPOTVNFO NBZPSDBOUJEBE EF USBHPT QPS PDBTJØO QSFGJFSFO FO QSJNFS MVHBS MB DFSWF[BZFOTFHVOEPMVHBSMBTCFCJEBTGVFSUFT Página 104 16.MB JNQPSUBODJB EFM FTUVEJP SFBMJ[BEP FO FM *OTUJUVUP EF /FVSPMPHÓBEF-POESFTFTMBSFMBDJØOFOUSFMBQFSDFQDJØO EFMBGPSNBDPSQPSBMZMBBDUJWJEBEEFMBDPSUF[BQBSJFUBM 17.&MUÓUVMPEFMBOPUBi4FOUJSTFHPSEPPGMBDPFTVOBJMVTJØOw IBDFSFGFSFODJBBMBTFOTBDJØOEFBEFMHB[BNJFOUPEFMB DJOUVSBRVFFYQFSJNFOUBSPORVJFOFTTFTPNFUJFSPOBMFTUVEJP 18.-BT[POBTDFSFCSBMFTNÈTBDUJWBTTFJEFOUJGJDBSPOQPSQSFTFOUBSVOBVNFOUPFOFMGMVKPTBOHVÓOFPMPRVFHBSBOUJ[B VO NBZPS BQPSUF EF OVUSJFOUFT Z PYÓHFOP -B BDUJWJEBE OFVSPOBMJNQMJDBVOBVNFOUPFOFMNFUBCPMJTNPDFMVMBS MBHFOFSBDJØOEFQPUFODJBMFTEFBDDJØOZMBUSBOTNJTJØO EFJOGPSNBDJØOFOGPSNBEFJNQVMTPTOFSWJPTPTBPUSBT neuronas. 19.&OMB'FSJBEF$JFODJBTEF#BSDFMPOBMPTWJTJUBOUFTWJWFODJBSPOFYQFSJFODJBTTJNJMBSFTBMBRVFBUSBWFTBSPOMPTWPMVOUBSJPTEFMBJOWFTUJHBDJØOBDFSDBEFDØNPFMDFSFCSPWF MBTGPSNBT 20.6OFKFNQMPEFPUSBTJUVBDJØORVFQVFEBFYQMJDBSTFQPSFM iFGFDUP1JOPDIPwTFSÓBDVBOEPVOBQFSTPOBPZFFMMMBOUP JOFYJTUFOUFEFTVCFCÏPFMTPOJEPGJDUJDJPEFTVUFMÏGPOP DFMVMBSi4POGFOØNFOPTQTJDPBDÞTUJDPTSFMBDJPOBEPTDPO TPOJEPT DPO VO GVFSUF DPOUFOJEP FNPDJPOBMw 4FHÞO MPT OFVSPDJFOUÓGJDPT FTUF NFDBOJTNP QPESÓB FYQMJDBS UBNCJÏOMBTFOTBDJØOEFMiNJFNCSPGBOUBTNBwRVFQFSDJCFO DJFSUBTQFSTPOBTDPONJFNCSPTBNQVUBEPT Página 105 21.1IJOFBT(BHFGVFUBOGBNPTPQPSMBFYUSBPSEJOBSJBOBUVSBMF[BEFMBDDJEFOUFRVFTVGSJØZQPSFMIFDIPEFTVNJMB- HSPTB TPCSFWJEB Z SFDVQFSBDJØO &M DBTP EF 1IJOFBT FT DPOTJEFSBEPMBQSJNFSBQSVFCBEFRVFMPTMØCVMPTGSPOUBMFTTPOSFTQPOTBCMFTEFQSPDFTPTUBOFTFODJBMFTDPNPMBT FNPDJPOFTMBQFSTPOBMJEBEPMBDPOEVDUB 22.4FWJFSPOBGFDUBEBT[POBTNFEJBMFTZDPSUJDBMFTEFMFODÏGBMP Z SFTVMUØ BGFDUBEP QSJNPSEJBMNFOUF FM IFNJTGFSJP J[RVJFSEP 23.&MUSÈHJDPJODJEFOUFEF(BHFIJ[PJOTVTUBODJBMMBUFPSÓBEF RVFMBQSFTFODJBEFQSPUVCFSBODJBTFOFMDSÈOFPFSBSFGMFKPEFMBTGVODJPOFTRVFTFBTFOUBCBONÈTBCBKPUBMDPNP BGJSNBCB(BMM 24.&TUFDBTPUBOQBSUJDVMBSIBQFSNJUJEPFTUBCMFDFSFMQBQFM QSJODJQBMRVFFOFMQFOTBNJFOUPZFOOVFTUSBDBQBDJEBE EFTPDJBCJMJ[BSUJFOFOMBTSFHJPOFTGSPOUBMFTEFMDFSFCSP FTQFDJBMNFOUFTVQBSUFNFEJBMZCBTBMBTÓDPNPMPTDJSDVJUPT Z TJTUFNBT SFMBDJPOBEPT DPO MBT FNPDJPOFT DVZB BDUJWBDJØO DPOKVOUB DPO MBT SFHJPOFT GSPOUBMFT QBSUJDJQB FOGPSNBGVOEBNFOUBMFOMBQMBOJGJDBDJØOZUPNBEFEFDJTJPOFT Z DPOUSJCVZF B EFUFSNJOBS FM UPOP BGFDUJWP EF OVFTUSBTSFMBDJPOFTTPDJBMFT&MÈSFBJOWPMVDSBEBMMBNBEB iTJTUFNB MÓNCJDPw FT VO HSVQP EF EJWFSTBT FTUSVDUVSBT RVFDPMBCPSBOQBSBQSPEVDJSOVFTUSBTFNPDJPOFTJNQVMTPTZDPOEVDUBTNÈTCÈTJDBTZQSJNJUJWBTDPNPFMUFNPS MBJSBMBUSBORVJMJEBEFMIBNCSFMBTFEFMQMBDFSZMBT SFTQVFTUBTTFYVBMFT&MTJTUFNBMÓNCJDPJODMVZFFMIJQPUÈMBNPMBBNÓHEBMBZFMIJQPDBNQPBTÓDPNPSFHJPOFTDFSDBOBTEFMBDPSUF[BDFSFCSBM Páginas 106 y 107 25.5PEBTMBTGVODJPOFTNFODJPOBEBTEFCFOTFSSFBMJ[BEBTQPS MBTOFVSPOBTZBRVFTPOMBTDÏMVMBTEFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTP 26."VORVFFMFTUÓNVMPTFBNÈTJOUFOTPMBBNQMJUVEEFMQPUFODJBMEFBDDJØOOPWBSÓB$VBOUPNÈTQSPGVOEBNFOUFTF QSFTJPOF MB QJFM TF QSPEVDJSÈO JNQVMTPT OFSWJPTPT DPO NBZPSGSFDVFODJB&MPSEFOFT%#"$ 27.-BGSFOPMPHÓBGVFVOQSJNFSJOUFOUPEFBTJHOBSEJTUJOUBT GVODJPOFTBDJFSUBT[POBTEFMDFSFCSP"DUVBMNFOUFDVBOEPMBTOFVSPDJFODJBTDPHOJUJWBTDPODJCFOFMDFSFCSPDPNP VOB NBMMB DPNQMFKB GPSNBEB QPS NJMFT EF NJMMPOFT EF DÏMVMBT OFSWJPTBT FOUSFMB[BEBT TJUVBEBT FO QVOUPT NVZ EJTUBOUFTVOBTEFPUSBTZDPPSEJOBEBTFOMBFKFDVDJØOEF TVTUBSFBTTJHVFWJWBMBQSFPDVQBDJØOQPSMBMPDBMJ[BDJØO -B EJGFSFODJB GVOEBNFOUBM FT RVF MB GSFOPMPHÓB DPSSFMBDJPOBCBVOBEFUFSNJOBEB[POBDPOVOBGVODJØOFTQFDÓGJDB0USBEJGFSFODJBJNQPSUBOUÓTJNBFTRVFFTUBUFPSÓBTPTUFOÓBRVFMBDBQBDJEBEEFGVODJPOBNJFOUPEFDBEBVOBTF DPSSFMBDJPOBCBDPOTVUBNB×PZMBFYUFOTJØOQFSJGÏSJDB "EFNÈTQMBOUFBCBRVFBMTFSFMDPOUPSOPDSBOFBMQBSBMFMP B MB TVQFSGJDJF EFM DFSFCSP VO PCTFSWBEPS QPEÓB MFFS DBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTNFOUBMFTBQBSUJSEFMBGPSNBEFMDSÈOFP &TBDMBTJGJDBDJØOEFMPTJOTUJOUPTZEFMBTGBDVMUBEFTNPSBMFTFJOUFMFDUVBMFTBSCJUSBSJBQPSNVDIPTDPODFQUPTOP UJFOFTVSFQSFTFOUBDJØOFYBDUBFOMPTØSHBOPTDFSFCSBMFT 28. a) &MHMVUBNBUPFTVOOFVSPUSBOTNJTPSFYDJUBUPSJP"DUÞB FO MB NFNCSBOB QPTUTJOÈQUJDB &O MPT DBTPT FYQFSJNFOUBMFTFOMPTRVFTFBENJOJTUSBSPODBOUJEBEFTFMFWBEBT EF HMVUBNBUP TF PCTFSWØ RVF FM EB×P FTUBCB SFTUSJOHJEPBMBTDÏMVMBTQPTUTJOÈQUJDBTMBTEFOESJUBTEF FTUBT OFVSPOBT FTUBCBO UVNFGBDUBT NJFOUSBT RVF MBT © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 HMBOEVMBSMBUPYJOBTFVOFBMUFSNJOBMOFSWJPTPZMVFHP EF VO QSPDFTP EF JOUFSOBMJ[BDJØO JOHSFTB FO MB DÏMVMBZBMMÓJNQJEFFMQBTPEFMBBDFUJMDPMJOBBMBIFOEJEVSBTJOÈQUJDBQSPWPDBOEPMBJODBQBDJEBEQBSBMB DPOUSBDDJØO NVTDVMBS P MB TFDSFDJØO HMBOEVMBS -BT HMÈOEVMBTTVEPSÓQBSBTSFDJCFOJOFSWBDJØOTJNQÈUJDBZ TV OFVSPUSBOTNJTPS FT MB BDFUJMDPMJOB "M JOGJMUSBS MB [POBDPOCØUPYTFJOIJCFMBMJCFSBDJØOEFBDFUJMDPMJOB ZQPSMPUBOUPTFJOIJCFMBTFDSFDJØOEFTVEPS b) -BUPYJOBCPUVMÓOJDBTFFTUÈVUJMJ[BOEPDPOHSBOÏYJUP QBSBUSBUBSMBTBSSVHBT-BBENJOJTUSBDJØOMPDBMQSPEVDFFMSFMBKBNJFOUPEFMPTNÞTDVMPTJOWPMVDSBEPTDPO VOFGFDUPEFBMJTBEPEFMBQJFM5BNCJÏOQVFEFVUJMJ[BSTFDPNPDPNQMFNFOUPFODBTPTEFIFNJFTQBTNPT GBDJBMFT QPTUFSJPSFT B VOB QBSÈMJTJT EPOEF TF JOGJMUSB CJMBUFSBMNFOUFQBSBRVFMBDBSBRVFEFTJNÏUSJDB 18 BIO3_Docente.indd 18 1/22/10 4:57:24 PM UFSNJOBDJPOFTQSFTJOÈQUJDBTFSBOEFUBNB×PZGPSNB OPSNBMFT b) -BEFTUSVDDJØOOFVSPOBMTFQSPEVDFQPSMBBDUJWBDJØO QSPMPOHBEBEFMBUSBOTNJTJØOTJOÈQUJDBFYDJUBUPSJBFT EFDJSEFFGFDUPEFTQPMBSJ[BOUF 29.&OMPTNPNFOUPTBZCRVFTPOTJUVBDJPOFTEFBMBSNBP FTUSÏTFTUÈBDUVBOEPFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPTJNQÈUJDPQSFQBSBOEPFMDVFSQPQBSBMBIVJEB1PSFTPIBZQBMJEF[EFCJEPBMBWBTPDPOTUSJDDJØOEFMPTWBTPTTBOHVÓOFPTEFMB QJFM4FFTUJNVMBOMBTHMÈOEVMBTTVEPSÓQBSBTEJTNJOVZFMB BDUJWJEBEEJHFTUJWBZTFDPOUSBFFMFTGÓOUFSEFMSFDUP)BZ VONBZPSBQPSUFEFTBOHSFBMPTNÞTDVMPT&MNPNFOUPD TFDPSSFTQPOEFDPOMBBDDJØOEFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPQBSBTJNQÈUJDPZMPTWBMPSFTWVFMWFOBMBOPSNBMJEBE 30. a) &OMBFOGFSNFEBEEF"M[IFJNFSFTUÈBGFDUBEBMBNFNPSJB BOUFSØHSBEB P EF DPSUP QMB[P QPSRVF OP TF QVFEFOBQSFOEFSDPTBTOVFWBTBVORVFTÓTFQVFEFO SFDPSEBSFQJTPEJPTWJWJEPTDPOBOUFSJPSJEBE b) -B BDFUJMDPMJOB FT VO /5 FYDJUBUPSJP FTFODJBM QBSB FM QSPDFTPEFNFNPSJBZBQSFOEJ[BKF&OFMDBTPEFM"M[IFJNFSMBEFTUSVDDJØOOFVSPOBMQPSMBTQMBDBTEFMB QSPUFÓOBBNJFMPJEFEJTNJOVZFMBEFTDBSHBEFBDFUJMDPMJOB MP RVF BGFDUB MB QSPEVDDJØO EF NFNPSJB SFDJFOUFFOFMIJQPDBNQPZMBBNÓHEBMB 31. a) &MFTUVEJPNPTUSØRVFFMEFMBTDPOTVMUBTBDVEJFSPOBMBTBMBEFFNFSHFODJBQPSBMHÞOQSPCMFNBBTPDJBEPBMDPOTVNPEFTVTUBODJBTQTJDPBDUJWBTZRVFFSB FMBMDPIPMMBTVTUBODJBEFNBZPSJNQBDUPFOFMTJTUFNB EFBUFODJØOEFFNFSHFODJBTFOFMQBÓTFTEFDJSRVFEF MPTQBDJFOUFTRVFIBCÓBODPOTVNJEPBMDPIPMFOMBTTFJT IPSBTBOUFSJPSFTBMBDPOTVMUBFMEFCÓBMBTJUVBDJØOEFVSHFODJBBEJDIPDPOTVNP&OTFHVOEPMVHBS TFFODVFOUSBOMBNBSJIVBOBUSBORVJMJ[BOUFTZTFEBOUFTZQPSÞMUJNPDPDBÓOBTJOIBMBCMFTZBOGFUBNJOBT b) &O MB JOWFTUJHBDJØO SFBMJ[BEB FO MB QSPWJODJB EF -B 1BNQBTFWJPVOBMUPDPOTVNPEFBMDPIPMFOMPTBEPMFTDFOUFT&OFMHSÈGJDPRVFNVFTUSBMPTSFTVMUBEPTEFM FTUVEJPSFBMJ[BEPFOTBMBTEFFNFSHFODJBTFJEFOUJGJDB FMBMDPIPMDPNPMBESPHBQSJODJQBMWJODVMBEBBTJUVBDJPOFTEFFNFSHFODJB c) -PTEBUPTEFMHSÈGJDPBGJSNBOMBHSBOJODJEFODJBRVFUJFOFOMBTESPHBTEFUPEPUJQPFOMBWJEBEJBSJBEFMPTTFSFT IVNBOPTZBTFBOMFHBMFTPJMFHBMFTZMBHSBOWBSJFEBE EFTVTUBODJBTRVFFKFSDFOTVBDDJØOTPCSFFM4/$ 32. © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 a) &MDVSBSFUJFOFQPDPTFGFDUPTDVBOEPTFJOHJFSFQFSP DVBOEPQFOFUSBBUSBWÏTEFMBQJFMBDUÞBDPOHSBOSBQJEF[ &KFSDF CMPRVFP DPNQFUJUJWP EF MPT SFDFQUPSFT DPMJOÏSHJDPTFOMBQMBDBNPUPSBQPSMPUBOUPTFJOIJCF MB DPOUSBDDJØO NVTDVMBS $VBOEP TF BENJOJTUSB VOB EPTJT BEFDVBEB QPS WÓB JOUSBWFOPTB TF PCTFSWB VOBEFCJMJEBENPUPSBJOJDJBMRVFQSPHSFTBBQBSÈMJTJT NVTDVMBS-PTQSJNFSPTNÞTDVMPTFOQBSBMJ[BSTFTPO MPTPDVMBSFTZMPTGBDJBMFT%FTQVÏTTFBGFDUBMBNVTDVMBUVSB EF MBT FYUSFNJEBEFT EFM DVFMMP Z EFM USPODP 'JOBMNFOUFTFQBSBMJ[BOMPTNÞTDVMPTJOUFSDPTUBMFTZ FMEJBGSBHNBMPRVFDPOEVDFBMBBQOFBQSPEVDJFOEPMBNVFSUF b) &M DVSBSF QFSUFOFDF BM HSVQP EF SFMBKBOUFT NVTDVMBSFT RVFTFVTBOFODJFSUBTDJSVHÓBTZBRVFTFQVFEFMPHSBS VOBNBZPSSFMBKBDJØONVTDVMBSTJOMMFHBSBMBBOFTUFTJB 6 El control nervioso en los animales Página 114 5. &TUBDPOTJHOBQSFUFOEFRVFMPTBMVNOPTUPNFODPODJFODJB EFMBJNQPSUBODJBEFSFQBTBSZEFUFOFSTFBOUFDPODFQUPTZB USBCBKBEPTZOFDFTBSJPTQBSBQSPGVOEJ[BSPUSPTDPOUFOJEPT QPSFKFNQMPIJQFSQPMBSJ[BDJØO 6. &MQBSBNFDJPQVFEFDBNCJBSEFEJSFDDJØOQBSBNBOUFOFSTFBMFKBEPEFMFTUÓNVMPOPDJWPPEFTBHSBEBCMFZQVFEF SFBDDJPOBS FO GPSNB TJNJMBS QBSB NBOUFOFSTF DFSDB EF PUSPFTUÓNVMPRVFSFTVMUFBUSBDUJWP5BNCJÏOQVFEFDBNCJBSMBWFMPDJEBEEFOBUBDJØOQFSPFOUPEPTMPTDBTPTIBZ VOBPSJFOUBDJØOZOPTPMPVODBNCJPEFMNPWJNJFOUPQPS MPRVFTFDPOTJEFSBVOUBYJTNP Página 120 7. 4JTFUSBUBEFVOJOWFSUFCSBEPZFYJTUFVOBTPMBNPUPOFVSPOBRVFDPOUSPMBFMNPWJNJFOUPNVTDVMBSVOEB×POFVSPOBMQVFEFTJHOJGJDBSMBJNQPTJCJMJEBEEFNPWJNJFOUPP IBTUBJODMVTPMBQBSÈMJTJTEFMBOJNBMNÈTBÞOTJTFUSBUBEF MBNPUPOFVSPOBRVFDPOUSPMBUPEPTMPTNÞTDVMPTEFVOB FYUSFNJEBE&OFMDBTPEFVOWFSUFCSBEPBMIBCFSSFEVOEBODJBFYJTUFOPUSBTOFVSPOBTRVFJOFSWBOFMNJTNPNÞTculo, con lo cual las consecuencias de la lesión de una ÞOJDBNPUPOFVSPOBQPTJCMFNFOUFTFBONFOPTHSBWFT Página 121 8. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB%FQFOEFSÈEFMBSUÓDVMPTFMFDDJPOBEP Página 122 9. &MSFDFQUPSJOWPMVDSBEPFTVONFDBOPSSFDFQUPS$BQUBWJCSBDJPOFTEFMNFEJPDJSDVOEBOUF&OFTUFDBTPDPNPFTUPTSFDFQUPSFTTPOTFOTJCMFTBMBTWJCSBDJPOFTEFMBTPOEBT TPOPSBTRVFWJBKBOBUSBWÏTEFMNFEJPIBCMBNPTEFGPOPrrecepción. 10.%VSBOUFNVDIPUJFNQPTFEJTDVUJØTPCSFTJMPTDFGBMØQPEPTFSBODBQBDFTEFQFSDJCJSTPOJEPT-BNFUÈGPSBEFMUÓUVMP IBDF SFGFSFODJB B RVF B QBSUJS EF FTUF IBMMB[HP FT DPNPTJIVCJFSBFOFMNBSiNÈTPÓEPTwRVFBOUFTZBRVF TPONÈTMPTBOJNBMFTNBSJOPTRVFQVFEFOFTDVDIBSRVF MPTRVFTFDSFÓBBOUJHVBNFOUF 11.-PTDFGBMØQPEPTQSFTFOUBOVOTJTUFNBHBOHMJPOBSCJMBUFSBMDPOVOBBDVNVMBDJØOEFHBOHMJPTFOMBDBCF[BRVF DPOTUJUVZFVOWFSEBEFSPDFSFCSP 12.1BSBDPNQSPCBSTJVOBOJNBMFTTPSEPJOTFSUBOPDPMPDBO FMFDUSPEPTFOFMDVFSQPEFMBOJNBMZSFHJTUSBOTJTFQSPEVDFODBNCJPTFMÏDUSJDPTDVBOEPFTUJNVMBODPOEJTUJOUPT sonidos. 13.4FHÞO FM FTUVEJP FM DBMBNBS QVFEF QFSDJCJS TPOJEPT FO VOBHBNBEFGSFDVFODJBTNÈTBMUBFTEFDJSQVFEFiFTDVDIBSwTPOJEPTRVFFMQVMQPOPEFUFDUBQPSFTPQPESÓBNPT EFDJS RVF FTDVDIB NFKPS BVORVF MP NÈT DPSSFDUP TFSÓB EFDJSRVFFTDVDIBNÈTWBSJFEBEEFTPOJEPTZUPOPT 19 BIO3_Docente.indd 19 1/22/10 4:57:25 PM NJTNBFTQFDJFPUBMWF[EFUFDUBSBMJNFOUPPBQPUFODJBMFT QSFEBEPSFT BVORVF FTUÏO PDVMUPT TJ FT RVF FNJUFO BMHÞOTPOJEP 15.&OFTUFBSUÓDVMPTFQPOFFOFWJEFODJBFMUSBCBKPFOFRVJQP EFMPTDJFOUÓGJDPT Página 123 16.-BOPUJDJBUJFOFEFOPWFEPTPRVFFMBOÈMJTJTEFMHFOPNB EFDJFSUBFTQFDJFEFFTQPOKBSFWFMBMBQSFTFODJBEFHFOFT DPOJOGPSNBDJØOTJNJMBSBMBEFDJFSUPTHFOFTRVFDPEJGJDBO QBSB QSPUFÓOBT RVF JOUFSWJFOFO FO MBT TJOBQTJT EFM TJTUFNBOFSWJPTPIVNBOP-PSFMFWBOUFFTRVFFTUPTHFOFTQPESÓBOTFSMBTCBTFTEFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPQSFTFOUFFO MPTPSHBOJTNPTNÈTFWPMVDJPOBEPT 17.-BBGJSNBDJØOOPFTDPSSFDUB-BTFTQPOKBTOPUJFOFODÏMVMBT FYDJUBCMFT OJ SFTQPOEFO B WBSJBEPT FTUÓNVMPT QPS MP RVFTFDPOTJEFSBRVFOPQPTFFOVOTJTUFNBOFSWJPTP-B OPUJDJBQMBOUFBFMIBMMB[HPEFFTUPTHFOFTQFSPTFEFTDPOPDFRVÏGVODJØODVNQMJSÓBOFOMBTFTQPOKBTMBTQSPUFÓnas codificadas por ellos. 18.-PTBOJNBMFTDPOVONPEFMPEFPSHBOJ[BDJØOOFVSBMNÈT TJNQMFTPOMPTDOJEBSJPTDPODPOFYJPOFTFOGPSNBEFSFE RVFDPOTUJUVZFOVOQMFYPEJGVTP Páginas 124 y 125 19. Modelo de organización nerviosa Características estructurales Características funcionales Grupos de organismos que lo poseen 1MFYP Red de neuronas inUFSDPOFDUBEBT RVFGPSNBO VOBNBMMB DPOUJOVB &MJNQVMTP se irradia en UPEBTEJSFDciones. La reacción es HFOFSBMJ[BEB $OJEBSJPT IJESBTZ NFEVTBT FRVJOPEFSNPT FTUSFMMBTEF NBSCSBORVJBT EÏSNJDBT NPMVTDPTZBSUSØQPEPTQMFYP JOUFTUJOBM (BOHMJPOBS CJMBUFSBM $BEFOB OFSWJPTBHBOHMJPOBSWFOUSBM ZOFSWJPT TFHNFOUBSJPT .PWJNJFOUPT TFHNFOUBSJPT independienUFT Tendencia a la DFGBMJ[BDJØO 1MBUFMNJO UPTBOÏMJEPT NPMVTDPT BSUSØQPEPT 4JTUFNBOFSWJP TPDFOUSBMZ QFSJGÏSJDP 4/"Z TPNÈUJDP *OUFHSBDJØO DPNQMFKBEF funciones. .FNPSJB BQSFOEJ[BKFZ DPNVOJDBDJØO 7FSUFCSBEPT &ODFGÈMJDP 20. a) &MHSÈGJDPNVFTUSBFMDPODFQUPEFFODFGBMJ[BDJØO b) Z c)-BFODFGBMJ[BDJØOFTTJNJMBSQBSBMPTDIJNQBODÏTZMPT TFSFT IVNBOPT FO FM NPNFOUP EFM OBDJNJFOUP &O MB BEVMUF[MPTIVNBOPTFTUÈOGVFSBEFMBFTDBMBDVBOEPTF DPNQBSBTVFODFGBMJ[BDJØODPOMBEFMPTPUSPTTJNJPT d) -B SFMBDJØO QFTP DFSFCSBMQFTP DPSQPSBM FO FM FTUBEP BEVMUPFTBQSPYJNBEBNFOUFWFDFTNBZPSFOMPTIVNBOPTSFTQFDUPEFMPTTJNJPT&MDFSFCSPEFMPTNBNÓ- GFSPTBVNFOUBBNFEJEBRVFMPIBDFFMUBNB×PDPSQPSBMQFSPMPIBDFFOGPSNBQSPQPSDJPOBMNFOUFNFOPS DVBOUPNBZPSFTFMPSHBOJTNP%VSBOUFFMQSPDFTPEF IPNJOJ[BDJØOTFQSPEVKPVOFOPSNFEFTBSSPMMPEFMDFSFCSP6OPEFMPTSBTHPTRVFMFTIBOPUPSHBEPBMPTTFSFTIVNBOPTTVQPUFODJBMEJGFSFODJBMQBSFDFTFSFMBVNFOUPFOFMOÞNFSPEFDPOFYJPOFTOFVSPOBMFT 21. 1PESÈOBSNBSVODVBESPTJNJMBSBFTUF Invertebrados Vertebrados 1MFYPEJGVTPPTJTUFNBHBOHMJPOBS &ODFGÈMJDP CJMBUFSBM $FSFCSPGPSNBEPQPSGVTJØOEF ganglios. &ODÏGBMPDPOEJTUJOUBTSFHJPOFTZ funciones 4JTUFNBOFSWJPTPEFVCJDBDJØO WFOUSBM 4JTUFNBOFSWJPTPEFVCJDBDJØO dorsal. 5FOEFODJBBMBDFGBMJ[BDJØO 5FOEFODJBBMBVNFOUPEFUBNB×P ZDPNQMFKJEBE 22.-BEJGFSFODJBGVOEBNFOUBMFOUSFFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPIVNBOPZFMEFPUSPTNBNÓGFSPTSBEJDBFOFMEFTBSSPMMPEF MBDPSUF[BDFSFCSBM 23. a) &MVOJWFSTPTFOTPSJBMEFVOBHBSSBQBUBZFMEFVOTFS IVNBOPTPOEJGFSFOUFTFTUPUJFOFRVFWFSDPOMBQFSDFQDJØOEFFTUÓNVMPTFMUJQPEFSFDFQUPSFTTFOTPSJBMFTJOWPMVDSBEPTZFMTJTUFNBEFJOUFHSBDJØOEFUPEPT MPT FTUÓNVMPT RVF QFSNJUF B VO BOJNBM QFSDJCJS Z USBOTNJUJSJOGPSNBDJØOZFMBCPSBSVOBSFTQVFTUB b) &OFMDBTPEFMÈHVJMBTFUSBUBEFVONVOEPiEPNJOBEPwQPSMBWJTUB&OFMDBTPEFMNVSDJÏMBHPQPSMBFDPMPDBDJØO&MNVOEPEFDBEBVOPFTFYUSB×PQBSBFMPUSP QPSRVFTFQFSDJCFZTFDPODJCFEFEJGFSFOUFGPSNB 24.3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB 25.-BJMVTUSBDJØONVFTUSBMBFWPMVDJØOEFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTP EFTEFMPTDOJEBSJPTIBTUBMPTNBNÓGFSPT-BFWPMVDJØOIB DPOEVDJEPBMBVNFOUPEFMBDPNQMFKJEBEHSBDJBTBMBBQBSJDJØOEFHSVQPTEFOFVSPOBTRVFGPSNBOHBOHMJPTZEF WÓBTOFSWJPTBTEFDPNVOJDBDJØOSÈQJEBMPTOFSWJPT&MTJHVJFOUFQBTPEFBVNFOUPEFDPNQMFKJEBEIBTJEPFMQSPDFTPEFDFGBMJ[BDJØOZMVFHPMBFODFGBMJ[BDJØO 7 El control endocrino Página 134 6. -B DPPQFSBDJØO BSNPOJPTB FOUSF MPT ØSHBOPT QMBOUFBEB por el consensus partiumQPESÓBTFSVOBBOBMPHÓBEFMPT QSJODJQJPTRVFKVTUJGJDBCBOMBiPSHBOPUFSBQJBwFTEFDJSFM SFFNQMB[PEFVOØSHBOPFOGFSNPPGBMUBOUFQBSBSFDVQFSBSMBBSNPOÓBQFSEJEB 7. 4JNJMJUVEFTFOUSFMPTFYQFSJNFOUPTEF#FSUIPMEZMPTEF 4UBSMJOHZ#BZMJTTBNCPTUSBCBKBSPODPOØSHBOPTEFOFSWBEPTQBSBEFTDBSUBSFMFGFDUPEFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPFOTVT FYQFSJNFOUPT&OBNCPTDBTPTMBTVTUBODJBSFTQPOTBCMF EFMFGFDUPMPHSBEPTFUSBOTQPSUBCBQPSMBTBOHSF%JGFSFODJBT#FSUIPMEDPOFDUBCBMPTUFTUÓDVMPTFODVBMRVJFSQBSUF EFM DVFSQP EFM HBMMP Z FTUP QFSNJUÓB RVF MBT TVTUBODJBT GBCSJDBEBT QPS FTUPT ØSHBOPT DJSDVMBSBO QPS MB TBOHSF QSPEVDJFOEP FGFDUP TPCSF FM EFTBSSPMMP EF MB DSFTUB Z MB DPOEVDUBEFMBOJNBM4UBSMJOHZ#BZMJTTDPNFO[BSPODPNQSPCBOEPRVFMBMJCFSBDJØOEFKVHPQBODSFÈUJDPOPSFRVF- © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 14.1PESÓBQFSNJUJSMFTMBDPNVOJDBDJØODPONJFNCSPTEFTV 20 BIO3_Docente.indd 20 1/22/10 4:57:25 PM SÓBFMBQPSUFEFMOFSWJPWBHP-VFHPDVBOEPMPHSBSPOPCUFOFSMBTVTUBODJBSFTQPOTBCMFMBJOZFDUBSPOFOMBTBOHSF EJSFDUBNFOUF B EJGFSFODJB EF #FSUIPME RVF OP MPHSØ JEFOUJGJDBSMB Página 137 8. La palabra mellitusEFSJWBEFVOBQBMBCSBHSJFHBRVFTJHOJGJDBiNJFMwZFMOPNCSFIBDFBMVTJØOBRVFFOFTUBEPT BWBO[BEPTEFMBFOGFSNFEBEMBPSJOBUJFOFVOTBCPSEVMDF-BQSJNFSBJOEJDBDJØOGVFNÈTCJFOJOEJSFDUBZBRVF MBPSJOBEFMPTEJBCÏUJDPTTPMÓBBUSBFSBMBTNPTDBT5BNCJÏO FT QSPCBCMF RVF MPT NÏEJDPT QSPCBSBO MB PSJOB EF TVTQBDJFOUFT&OFMRVÓNJDPGSBODÏT.JDIFM&VHFOF $IFWSFVMDPOTJHVJØEFNPTUSBSRVFFMTBCPSEVMDFTFEFCÓB BMBQSFTFODJBEFB[ÞDBSHMVDPTB 9. 1BSBEFUFDUBSB[ÞDBSFOMBPSJOBQVFEFODBMFOUBSTFFOVO UVCP EF FOTBZP VOBT QPDBT HPUBT FO VOB TPMVDJØO RVF DPOUJFOFTVMGBUPEFDPCSFRVFFTB[VM4JMBHMVDPTBFTUÈ QSFTFOUFTFGPSNBØYJEPEFDPCSFRVFFTEFDPMPSSPKJ[P FJOTPMVCMFQPSMPRVFTFFODVFOUSBVOQSFDJQJUBEPSPKJ[P FOFMGPOEPEFMUVCP-PDPOWFOJFOUFFTNFEJSMBHMVDFNJBQBSBMPDVBMTFVUJMJ[BFMUFTUEFUPMFSBODJBBMBHMVDPTBRVFNJEFFMEFTDFOTPEFMOJWFMEFHMVDPTBFOTBOHSF EFTQVÏTEFVOBJOHFTUBDPOBMUPDPOUFOJEPEFB[ÞDBS%FCJEP B RVF GSFOUF B DPODFOUSBDJPOFT BMUBT EF HMVDPTB FM QÈODSFBTSFTQPOEFSÈQJEBNFOUFTFDSFUBOEPJOTVMJOBFO VOBQFSTPOBTBOBFMOJWFMEFB[ÞDBSSFHSFTBBMBOPSNBMJEBEEFOUSPEFMBTEPTIPSBTTJHVJFOUFT4JQPSFMDPOUSBSJPFMOJWFMQFSNBOFDFFMFWBEPEVSBOUFUSFTIPSBTPNÈT JOEJDBVOBSFTQVFTUBEFGJDJFOUFEFMQÈODSFBTZFTQSPCBCMFRVFMBQFSTPOBFTUÏDVSTBOEPMBFOGFSNFEBE 10.$VBOEPMBTBOHSFFTGJMUSBEBQPSMPTSJ×POFTTFFMJNJOBO TVTUBODJBTEFEFTFDIP-BHMVDPTBRVFQBTBQPSMPTSJ×POFT FT SFDVQFSBEB Z WVFMWF B MB TBOHSF &O DPOEJDJPOFT OPSNBMFT TF SFBCTPSCF UPEB MB HMVDPTB Z OP TF FMJNJOB QPSMBPSJOB4JFMOJWFMEFHMVDFNJBFTFMFWBEPMBSFDVQFSBDJØOEFHMVDPTBQPSFMSJ×ØOTFNPEJGJDBZFTUFQVFEF SFBCTPSCFSNFOPTBHVBQPSMPUBOUPTFQSPEVDFVOHSBO WPMVNFOEFPSJOB1PSFTBSB[ØOBOUJHVBNFOUFTFMBMMBNBCBiNBMEFMBPSJOBw © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. 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Ley 11.723 NBEVSBDJØOTFYVBMQBSBFWJUBSMPTFGFDUPTEFMBUFTUPTUFSPOBTPCSFMBTDVFSEBTWPDBMFT 18.4JMBDBTUSBDJØOTFSFBMJ[BSBBMPTWFJOUFB×PTOPUFOESÓBFM NJTNPFGFDUPTPCSFMBWP[QPSRVFZBTFIBCSÓBONPEJGJDBEPMBTDVFSEBTWPDBMFT&ODBNCJPMBGFSUJMJEBETÓTFWFSÓB BGFDUBEB QPSRVF OP IBCSÓB QSPEVDDJØO EF HBNFUPT -BTDPOTFDVFODJBTEFQFOEFOBEFNÈTEFTJMBDBTUSBDJØO FTUPUBMBNCPTUFTUÓDVMPT PQBSDJBMVOTPMPUFTUÓDVMP 19.&OMBTNVKFSFTMBWP[TFIBDFNÈTSPODBQFSPNVDIPNFOPT RVF FO MPT IPNCSFT QPSRVF MPT BOESØHFOPT FTUÈO QSFTFOUFTFOBNCPTTFYPTQFSPFONFOPSDBOUJEBEFOFM GFNFOJOP 20."EFNÈTEFMBWP[BHVEBMPTDBTUSBEPTOPEFTBSSPMMBOMPT PUSPTDBSBDUFSFTTFDVOEBSJPTQSPEVDJEPTQPSMBUFTUPTUFSPOB 5JFOEFO B BDVNVMBS HSBTB FO [POBT QSPQJBT EF MBT NVKFSFTDPNPMBTDBEFSBTMBTOBMHBTZMPTQFDIPT/PMFT DSFDFMBCBSCBZFMWFMMPQÞCJDPTVFMFUFOFSVOBEJTQPTJDJØOFOGPSNBEFQBSDIFZOPMBQSPQJBEFMPTIPNCSFTFT EFDJSNÈTEJTQFSTB 22 BIO3_Docente.indd 22 1/22/10 4:57:26 PM HFOFSBVOBTPCSFEPTJTEFHMVDPTBQBSBTVIJKP"MUFOFSMB TBOHSF NBUFSOB VO BMUP ÓOEJDF EF B[ÞDBS FM PSHBOJTNP EFMCFCÏQSPEVDFJOTVMJOBFYUSBMPRVFQFSNJUFFMJOHSFTP EFHMVDPTBFOTVTDÏMVMBT&TUFBQPSUFEFFOFSHÓBQVFEF QSPWPDBSVODSFDJNJFOUPFYDFTJWPPRVFBDVNVMFHSBTBT 6OFYDFTPEFHMVDPTBTFBDVNVMBFOFMIÓHBEPFOGPSNB EFHMVDØHFOPQFSPDVBOEPTFTVQFSBMBDBOUJEBEEFHMVDØHFOPBMNBDFOBCMFFMSFTUPTFDPOWJFSUFFOÈDJEPTHSBTPTRVFTFBDVNVMBOFOFMUFKJEPBEJQPTP 27.-PTEJBCÏUJDPTPSJOBODPOGSFDVFODJBZBRVFMPTSJ×POFT EFTFDIBOMBHMVDPTBFOFYDFTPZFTUPEJTNJOVZFMBSFBCTPSDJØOEFBHVB%FCJEPBMBHSBOQÏSEJEBEFMÓRVJEPBM PSJOBSBVNFOUBMBTFOTBDJØOEFTFE&TVONFDBOJTNP DPNQFOTBUPSJPSFHVMBEPUBNCJÏOQPSFMTJTUFNBFOEPDSJOP &TUPTQBDJFOUFTTVFMFOFTUBSDBOTBEPTQPSRVFFMDVFSQP OP QVFEF PCUFOFS FOFSHÓB EF MB HMVDPTB BEFDVBEBNFOUF1PSFTUBSB[ØOQJFSEFOQFTPZBRVFFMPSHBOJTNP iSFDVSSFw B MBT SFTFSWBT EF HSBTB QBSB QSPWFFSTF EF MB FOFSHÓBRVFOFDFTJUB IPSNPOBTIJQPUBMÈNJDBTFIJQPGJTBSJBTZOPTFQSPEVDFMBPWVMBDJØOQPSMPUBOUPOPQVFEFIBCFSFNCBSB[P1PSFTUBSB[ØOMBQÓMEPSBFTVOBNFEJDBDJØOBOUJDPODFQUJWB1BSBNBOUFOFSMBJOIJCJDJØOEFMFKFIJQPUÈMBNPIJQØGJTJTPWBSJPFTQSFDJTBVOBEPTJTEJBSJBEF FTUBT IPSNPOBT QPS FTP FT JNQPSUBOUF OP TBMUFBSTF OJOHÞODPNQSJNJEP&MFOHB×PIBDFSFGFSFODJBBRVF QPSFMBVNFOUPEFFTUSØHFOPTZQSPHFTUFSPOBFOTBOHSFFMPSHBOJTNPiDSFFwRVFIBZFNCBSB[P 30. a) -PTIJQPUJSPJEFPTQSPEVDFONFOPSDBOUJEBEEFIPSNPOBUJSPJEFBEFMBOFDFTBSJBSB[ØOQPSMBDVBMQBSB SFHVMBSMBTGVODJPOFTNFUBCØMJDBTEFCFODPOTVNJSMB FOGPSNBEFDPNQSJNJEPTEJBSJPT&MFYDFTPEFIPSNPOB BDUÞB TPCSF MB HMÈOEVMB UJSPJEFT QSPEVDJFOEP VOB SFUSPBMJNFOUBDJØO OFHBUJWB RVF DPOEVDF B VO NFOPSGVODJPOBNJFOUPZUFSNJOBQPSBUSPGJBSMBHMÈOEVMB&TFMFGFDUPDPOUSBSJPBMRVFPSJHJOBMBDPOEJDJØO de bocio. b) &OTJUVBDJPOFTEFFTUSÏTMBEFTDBSHBEFIPSNPOBTEFMB NÏEVMBBESFOBMBDUJWBMBDPOWFSTJØOEFHSBTBZEFMHMVDØHFOP BMNBDFOBEP FO FM IÓHBEP FO HMVDPTB MP RVF BQPSUBFOFSHÓBFYUSBBMPTNÞTDVMPTEFBMMÓMBTFOTBDJØO EFGVFS[BNVTDVMBS c) &M IJSTVUJTNP FT FM DSFDJNJFOUP FYDFTJWP EF WFMMP FO NVKFSFTFO[POBTOPIBCJUVBMFTDPNPFMMBCJPTVQFSJPS MBT QBUJMMBT FM DVFMMP MBT BSFPMBT NBNBSJBT FM UØSBYMBTJOHMFTMPTNVTMPTZMBFTQBMEB'SFDVFOUFNFOUFTFBTPDJBBBDOÏDBÓEBEFDBCFMMPFJSSFHVMBSJEBEFTNFOTUSVBMFTZTFEFCFBVOBVNFOUPFOMBTFDSFDJØOEFBOESØHFOPT&OFMIPNCSFMBNBZPSQSPEVDDJØOEFUFTUPTUFSPOBTFQSPEVDFFOMPTUFTUÓDVMPT QFSPFOMBNVKFSMPTSFTQPOTBCMFTTPOMPTPWBSJPTZ UBNCJÏO MB DPSUF[B TVQSBSSFOBM RVF MPT TFDSFUB FO BNCPTTFYPTQFSPFONVDIBNFOPSDBOUJEBERVFMPT UFTUÓDVMPT "MHVOBT EJTGVODJPOFT PWÈSJDBT DPNP FM PWBSJP QPMJRVÓTUJDP UVNPSFT PWÈSJDPT V BESFOBMFT Z DJFSUPTNFEJDBNFOUPTQVFEFOQSPWPDBSVOBVNFOUP EF BOESØHFOPT Z DBVTBS VOB MJCFSBDJØO FYDFTJWB EF UFTUPTUFSPOB Z QSPEVDJS FO MBT NVKFSFT NBTDVMJOJ[BDJØO&TUPQVEPIBCFSTJEPMBDBVTBEFMBFYJTUFODJBEF FTUBTQFSTPOBTFOFMDJSDP 28. Hormona Órgano Acciones (O3) )JQPUÈMBNP &TUJNVMBFOMB IJQØmTJTMBTÓOUFTJTZ TFDSFDJØOEF'4)Z-) '4) )JQØmTJT &TUJNVMBFOFMPWBSJP MBNBEVSBDJØOEFVO GPMÓDVMP -) )JQØmTJT &TUJNVMBFOFMPWBSJP MBPWVMBDJØOZMB GPSNBDJØOEFMDVFSQP MÞUFP &453»(&/04 0WBSJPT &TUJNVMBOMBSFHFOF SBDJØOEFMFOEPNFUSJP VUFSJOP*OIJCFOMB QSPEVDDJØOEF(O3) 130(&45&30/" 0WBSJPT &TUJNVMBMBGPSNBDJØO EFMFOEPNFUSJP VUFSJOP*OIJCF la producción de (O3)ZNBOUJFOFFM FNCBSB[P 29. © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 a) -B TFDSFDJØO EF '4) QPS QBSUF EF MB IJQØGJTJT BDUÞB TPCSFFMPWBSJPZTFBDUJWBMBNBEVSBDJØOEFMGPMÓDVMP FM DVBM BM DSFDFS DPNJFO[B B QSPEVDJS FTUSØHFOPT &M BVNFOUPEFMOJWFMTBOHVÓOFPEFFTUSØHFOPTBDUJWBFM IJQPUÈMBNPZMBBEFOPIJQØGJTJTRVFFOSFTQVFTUBQSPEVDFOVOBNBZPSTFDSFDJØOEF'4)Z-)"RVÓTFFWJEFODJBVONFDBOJTNPEFSFUSPBMJNFOUBDJØOQPTJUJWB b) -B(O3)TFMJCFSBEFTEFFMIJQPUÈMBNPZBDUÞBTPCSF MBIJQØGJTJTRVFBTVWF[TFDSFUB'4)Z-)$VBOEPTF QSPEVDF MB PWVMBDJØO Z TF GPSNB FM DVFSQP MÞUFP FM PWBSJP TFDSFUB FTUSØHFOPT Z QSPHFTUFSPOB RVF JOIJCFOFOUPODFTMB(O3)ZEFKBEFFTUJNVMBSBMBIJQØGJTJTQPSMPDVBMTFEFUJFOFMBTFDSFDJØOEFMBTIPSNPOBTSFTQPOTBCMFTEFMBNBEVSBDJØOEFVOOVFWPGPMÓDVMP $VBOEP FM DVFSQP MÞUFP EFTBQBSFDF Z EFKB EF QSPEVDJS QSPHFTUFSPOB TF EFUJFOF MB JOIJCJDJØO Z WVFMWFBTFDSFUBSTF(O3)MPRVFSFJOJDJBFMDJDMP c) 4FEJDFRVFMPTBOUJDPODFQUJWPTPSBMFTFOHB×BOBMPSHBOJTNPQPSRVFDPOFMBQPSUFFYUFSOPEFFTUSØHFOPTZ QSPHFTUFSPOBTFNBOUJFOFJOIJCJEBMBTFDSFDJØOEFMBT 31. a) 4JVOØSHBOPFTUÈNVZJSSJHBEPSPEFBEPEFNVDIPT WBTPTTBOHVÓOFPT TFQVFEFQFOTBSRVFMJCFSBMBTTVTUBODJBTRVFQSPEVDFBMBTBOHSF b) "MFYUJSQBSVOØSHBOPZEFUFDUBSTFBMHVOBBMUFSBDJØO FO FM GVODJPOBNJFOUP EFM PSHBOJTNPT QVFEF WJODVMBSTFMBGVODJØOEFMØSHBOPFYUJSQBEPDPOFMGVODJPOBNJFOUPBMUFSBEP c) 4JMBFYUJSQBDJØOEFVOØSHBOPBMUFSBBMHÞOGVODJPOBNJFOUPEFMPSHBOJTNPZMBBENJOJTUSBDJØOQPSWÓBFOEPWFOPTB EF VO FYUSBDUP EF FTF ØSHBOP SFTUBVSB FM GVODJPOBNJFOUP OPSNBM QVFEF QFOTBSTF RVF EJDIP ØSHBOP QSPEVDÓB BMHVOB TVTUBODJB RVF QBTBCB B MB TBOHSFZFSBUSBOTQPSUBEBBUSBWÏTEFFMMBQBSBFKFSDFS su acción. 32. a) &MEJCVKPEFMBJ[RVJFSEBDPSSFTQPOEFBVOBHMÈOEVMB FOEPDSJOB Z FM EF MB EFSFDIB B VOB FYPDSJOB 1BSB 23 BIO3_Docente.indd 23 1/22/10 4:57:27 PM EJGFSFODJBSMBTTFQVFEFUFOFSFODVFOUBMBQSFTFODJB EFVODPOEVDUPFOMBFYPDSJOBRVFDPOEVDFMBTTFDSFDJPOFTZFMIFDIPEFRVFMBTTFDSFDJPOFTFOMBFOEPDSJOBQBTBOEJSFDUBNFOUF Productos de secreción Glándula exocrina Glándula endocrina Hormonas Células glandulares Conducto NPBMDPNJFO[PEFMBWJEBMBSWBSJBZMVFHPWBEJTNJOVZFOEPIBTUBMMFHBSBVOBDPODFOUSBDJØONÓOJNBIBDJBFMGJOBM EFMQFSÓPEPEFQVQBRVFFTFMÞMUJNPFTUBEJPMBSWBM&O FTUBFUBQBTFQSPEVDFVOBJOUFOTBSFPSHBOJ[BDJØOEFUFKJEPTRVFEBSÈOMVHBSBMBGPSNBBEVMUB&OFTUFFTUBEJPMB IPSNPOBKVWFOJMJOUFSWJFOFFOMBNBEVSBDJØOTFYVBMZBDUJWBFMEFTBSSPMMPEFMPTØSHBOPTTFYVBMFTBDDFTPSJPTDPOEVDUPT JOUFSOPT ØSHBOPT QBSB BMNBDFOBS FTQFSNB Z FO MBTIFNCSBTGBDJMJUBMBNBEVSBDJØOEFMPTØWVMPT Página 159 10. -PTQSPEVDUPSFTEFQBQBGSPUBOMPTCSPUFTDPOBVYJOBTQPSRVFBQMJDBEBTMPDBMNFOUFJOIJCFOMBCSPUBDJØOEFMBTZFNBTZQPSMPUBOUPMBQBQBTFDPOTFSWBQPSNÈTUJFNQP Células glandulares Capilar sanguíneo 33. a) 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB&TRVFNBTVQFSJPSFOFMNFDBOJTNP EF SFUSPBMJNFOUBDJØO OFHBUJWB BM BVNFOUBS MPT OJWFMFTFOTBOHSFEFVOBIPSNPOBTFJOIJCFTVTFDSFDJØOFOMBHMÈOEVMBRVFMBQSPEVDF&TRVFNBJOGFSJPS FO FM NFDBOJTNP EF SFUSPBMJNFOUBDJØO QPTJUJWB BM BVNFOUBSMPTOJWFMFTFOTBOHSFEFVOBIPSNPOBTF FTUJNVMBTVTFDSFDJØOFOMBHMÈOEVMBRVFMBQSPEVDF b) 6OFKFNQMPEFSFUSPBMJNFOUBDJØOQPTJUJWBFTFMDPOUSPM EF MBT DPOUSBDDJPOFT VUFSJOBT EVSBOUF FM QBSUP QPSBDDJØOEFMBIPSNPOBPYJUPDJOB c) 6OFKFNQMPEFSFUSPBMJNFOUBDJØOOFHBUJWBFTFMDPOUSPM EFMBQSPEVDDJØOEFJOTVMJOBQPSQBSUFEFMQÈODSFBT 8 El control endocrino en animales y plantas Página 154 5. &MUÏSNJOPiDBNVGMBKFwIBDFSFGFSFODJBBMBTDPOEJDJPOFT PDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTRVFQFSNJUFOQBTBSJOBEWFSUJEPTFOVO EFUFSNJOBEPBNCJFOUF.VDIPTJOTFDUPTDSVTUÈDFPTFJODMVTPBOJNBMFTWFSUFCSBEPTDPNPBOGJCJPTZSFQUJMFTQSFTFOUBODPCFSUVSBTZGPSNBTDPSQPSBMFTRVFMFTQFSNJUFO NJNFUJ[BSTFDPOFMBNCJFOUF&OFTUFDBTPFTDPSSFDUPIBCMBSEFiNJNFUJTNPw 6. -BWFOUBKBBEBQUBUJWBEFMDBNCJPEFDPMPSBDJØOEFMDBQBSB[ØO EF MPT DBOHSFKPT FT RVF MFT QFSNJUF PDVMUBSTF EF QSFEBEPSFTPQBTBSJOBEWFSUJEPTGSFOUFBQPTJCMFTQSFTBT 7. &OMBQSFHVOUBBOUFSJPSTFIJ[PSFGFSFODJBBBRVFMMPTBOJNBMFTRVFTFNJNFUJ[BODPOFMBNCJFOUF"MHVOPTQVFEFO DBNCJBS EF DPMPS EF NBOFSB TJNJMBS BM DBTP EF MPT DBOHSFKPTDPNPMPTDBNBMFPOFTPUBNCJÏOVUJMJ[BSPUSBT FTUSBUFHJBTDPNPFMDIPSSPEFUJOUBRVFFYQVMTBOMPTNPMVTDPTDFGBMØQPEPTDVBOEPIVZFO Página 156 8. -BTGFSPNPOBTTPOTVTUBODJBTRVFFMDVFSQPMJCFSBZBVORVFOPUJFOFOPMPSQBSFDFRVFQVFEFOTFSEFUFDUBEBTBTÓ RVJFOFT TF MBT BQMJDBO CVTDBO WPMWFSTF JSSFTJTUJCMFT QBSB PUSPTBRVJFOFTRVJFSFOTFEVDJS 9. -BDPODFOUSBDJØOEFIPSNPOBKVWFOJMUJFOFVOWBMPSNÈYJ- Página 160 11. a) 1BSBBDFMFSBSMBNBEVSBDJØOEFMPTGSVUPTEFCFSÓBSPDJBSMPTDPOFUJMFOPZBRVFTVQSFTFODJBBDFMFSBMBNBEVSBDJØOEFGSVUBTZWFSEVSBT b) 1BSBDPTFDIBSMPTGSVUPTBOUFTEFMPQSFWJTUPFMQSPEVDUPS EFCFSÓBVUJMJ[BSBVYJOBTPDJUPDJOJOBTZBRVFBNCBTFTUJNVMBOFMEFTBSSPMMPEFMPTGSVUPT Página 161 12. a) $POMBQSJNFSBFYQFSJFODJBSFBMJ[BEBQPSMPT%BSXJO TFQVFEFDPODMVJSRVFFMDPMFØQUJMPFTFMRVFEFUFDUB MBMV[ZBRVFBMDVCSJSMPMBQMBOUBOPTFDVSWBGSFOUFB FMMB$POMBTFYQFSJFODJBTZTFDPODMVZFRVFMBQVOUBEFMDPMFØQUJMPFTMBSFTQPOTBCMFEFMBEFUFDDJØOEF MBMV[&OVODBTPIBZVOBDVCJFSUBUSBOTQBSFOUFRVF EFKBQBTBSMBMV[&OFMPUSPFOFMRVFTFUBQBMBQMÈOUVMBDPOVONBOHVJUPPQBDPZTFEFKBMBQVOUBMJCSF MB QMBOUB UBNCJÏO TF DVSWB MP RVF JOEJDB RVF MB GMFYJØOTFFGFDUÞBNÈTBCBKPFOFMDPMFØQUJMPZQPSMP UBOUP MB QVOUB USBOTNJUF JOGPSNBDJØO BDFSDB EF MB EJSFDDJØOEFMBMV[BMBSFHJØORVFTFEPCMB&OMBFYQFSJFODJBMBQVOUBFTUBCBUBQBEB b) 4FUSBUBCBEFSFQSPEVDJSFMNJTNPFGFDUP-PT%BSXJO UBQBSPO MB QVOUB EFM DPMFØQUJMP #PZTFO+FOTFO FO MVHBSEFUBQBSMPMPDPSUØEFNPTUSBOEPRVFMBQVOUB FTOFDFTBSJBQBSBMBGMFYJØO c) -BNJDBBMTFSVOBTVTUBODJBJNQFSNFBCMFOPQFSNJUJØRVFTFEJGVOEJFSBOTVTUBODJBTBUSBWÏTEFMBHFMBUJOB-BDPODMVTJØOGVFRVFFOMBQVOUBEFMDPMFØQUJMP TF QSPEVDF VOB TVTUBODJB RVF iCBKBw QPS FM UBMMP Z DBVTBFMBMBSHBNJFOUPEFMBTDÏMVMBT d) -B MV[ IBDF RVF MB TVTUBODJB TF DPODFOUSF FO FMMBEPEFMUBMMPRVFFTUÈNÈTPTDVSPMPRVFIBDFRVFMBT DÏMVMBTTFBMBSHVFONÈTSÈQJEBNFOUFRVFMBTDÏMVMBTEFM MBEPJMVNJOBEP&TUPQSPEVDFRVFFMUBMMPTFJODMJOF Página 162 13. &OFMDBTPEFMPTQFDFTQMBOPTJOUFSWJFOFFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPRVFUSBOTNJUFJOGPSNBDJØOEFTEFMPTPKPTIBTUBFM DFSFCSPZEFBMMÓBMBTDÏMVMBTQJHNFOUBSJBTEFMBQJFMRVF SFTQPOEFODBNCJBOEPEFDPMPS 14. &ONVDIPTSFQUJMFTDPNPMPTDBNBMFPOFTMPTDBNCJPTEF QJHNFOUBDJØOTFQSPEVDFOFOSFTQVFTUBBMPTDBNCJPTEF © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 Capilar sanguíneo 24 BIO3_Docente.indd 24 1/22/10 4:57:28 PM UFNQFSBUVSB 15. &OFMDBTPEFMPTMBHBSUPTAnolisFMIFDIPEFRVFMBTFDDJØO EFMBNÏEVMBFTQJOBMOPQSPEV[DBDBNCJPTFOMBTSFTQVFTUBTQJHNFOUBSJBTJOEJDBRVFTPOJOEFQFOEJFOUFTEFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPDFOUSBM&MDPOUSPMEFDPMPSEFMBQJFMEFFTUPT SFQUJMFTFTUÈBDBSHPEFMBIJQØGJTJTRVFSFTQPOEFBMBMV[ TFDSFUBOEPIPSNPOBTRVFFKFSDFOTVBDDJØOFOMBTDÏMVMBT QJHNFOUBSJBT4JOFNCBSHPQPEFNPTEFDJSRVFTFUSBUBEF VODPOUSPMOFVSPFOEPDSJOPZBRVFMPTDBNCJPTEFDPMPS TPOEFUFDUBEPTQPSMPTPKPTRVFFOWÓBOTF×BMFTBMBIJQØGJTJTBUSBWÏTEFWÓBTOFSWJPTBTTFOTJUJWBT 16.)BCJUVBMNFOUFTFQJFOTBFODBNCJPTEFDPMPSDPNPVOB DBSBDUFSÓTUJDB BEBQUBUJWB RVF QFSNJUF B MPT PSHBOJTNPT QBTBS JOBEWFSUJEPT &O FTUF BSUÓDVMP TF NFODJPOBO MPT DBNCJPT EF QJHNFOUBDJØO FO SFTQVFTUB B EJTUJOUPT FTUÓNVMPTDPNPMBUFNQFSBUVSBMBJOUFOTJEBEEFMBMV[MB FYDJUBDJØOZUBNCJÏODPNPGPSNBEFDPNVOJDBDJØOFOUSF JOEJWJEVPT EF MB NJTNB FTQFDJF NBDIPT RVF DPNQJUFO QPSIFNCSBTPUFSSJUPSJP DPNVOJDBOEPNFEJBOUFFMDPMPSVOBKFSBSRVÓBEJGFSFOUFZUBNCJÏOFOUSFFTQFDJFTEJTUJOUBTZBRVFFMDPMPSMMBNBUJWPTVFMFBDUVBSDPNPVOB TF×BMEFBMFSUB Página 163 17. -PT QSPCMFNBT EF TVQFSWJWFODJB TPO MB DPNQFUFODJB DPO PUSBTQMBOUBTZFMBUBRVFEFJOTFDUPTIFSCÓWPSPT © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 18. $VBOEP EFUFDUBO NFEJBOUF TF×BMFT MVNJOPTBT B QMBOUBT DPNQFUJEPSBT TF TJOUFUJ[BO Z MJCFSBO BVYJOBT RVF QSPNVFWFOFMDSFDJNJFOUPFOBMUVSBEFMBTQMBOUBT&OMBSFTQVFTUBBMBTBDDJPOFTEFMPTJOTFDUPTIFSCÓWPSPTJOUFSWJFOFOVOBTIPSNPOBTEFOPNJOBEBTKBTNPOBUPTRVFQSPNVFWFOMBQSPEVDDJØOEFTVTUBODJBTMMBNBEBTBOUJIFSCÓWPSBTQPSRVFSFTVMUBOEFTBHSBEBCMFTQBSBMPTBUBDBOUFT 19. -BOPUJDJBTFSFGJFSFBiEFDJEJSwFOUSFEFGFOEFSTFEFMBUBRVFEFJOTFDUPTPSFTQPOEFSBMBDPNQFUFODJBDPOPUSBT QMBOUBT 20. 1BSFDFRVFBOUFMBQSFTFODJBEFDPNQFUJEPSBTMBTQMBOUBT BTJHOBO NÈT SFDVSTPT FOFSHÏUJDPT BM QSPQJP DSFDJNJFOUP FOEFUSJNFOUPEFMBQSPEVDDJØOEFTVTUBODJBTEFEFGFOsa. 21."QBSFDFOFOUSFDPNJMMBTQPSRVFMBQBMBCSBiEFDJTJØOwTF SFMBDJPOB DPO QSPDFTPT DPHOJUJWPT TVQFSJPSFT EF PSEFO DPOTDJFOUFBUSJCVJEPTBMPTTFSFTIVNBOPT&OMBTQMBOUBT OPQPEFNPTIBCMBSEFVOBEFDJTJØOFOFMTFOUJEPFTUSJDUP EFMBQBMBCSB4FBQMJDBFOFTUFDBTPFONPEPGJHVSBUJWP ZBRVFIBZVOBQSFEPNJOBODJBEFVOQSPDFTPFOSFMBDJØO DPOPUSP 22.4JQVFEFODPOPDFSTFMPTNFDBOJTNPTRVFJOUFSWJFOFOFO MBTFMFDDJØOEFVOPVPUSPDPNQPSUBNJFOUPUBMWF[QVFEB MPHSBSTF PSJFOUBS MBT SFTQVFTUBT EF MBT QMBOUBT IBDJB FM DPOUSPMEFQMBHBTQPSNFEJPTOBUVSBMFTMBTÓOUFTJTEFFTUBT TVTUBODJBT BOUJIFSCÓWPSBT Z BTÓ EJTNJOVJS FM VTP EF QMBHVJDJEBTTJOUÏUJDPTFOMPTDVMUJWPT Páginas 164 y 165 23. &MEFTBSSPMMPOPSNBMEFVOJOTFDUPEFQFOEFEFVOBKVTUF QSFDJTP EF MBT DPODFOUSBDJPOFT EF IPSNPOB KVWFOJM FO DBEBFUBQB6OBQFSUVSCBDJØOFOMBSFMBDJØOFOUSFMBDPODFOUSBDJØOIPSNPOBMZFMFTUBEJPEFEFTBSSPMMPMMFWBBVO EFTBSSPMMPBOPSNBMMPRVFQSFWJFOFMBNBEVSBDJØOEFMPT JOTFDUPTZHFOFSBQPSMPUBOUPMBEJTNJOVDJØOEFMOÞNFSP EF FMMPT SFQSPEVDUJWBNFOUF BDUJWPT MP DVBM B TV WF[ DPOEVDJSÓBBMBEJTNJOVDJØOEFMBQPCMBDJØOHFOFSBM-B IPSNPOB KVWFOJM Z TVT BOÈMPHPT TJOUÏUJDPT TPO NFEJPT QSPNJTPSJPTOPUØYJDPTZFDPMØHJDBNFOUFTFOTJCMFTQBSB DPNCBUJSMBTQMBHBTEFJOTFDUPTZDPOUSBMPTDVBMFTFTNVZ EJGÓDJMRVFEFTBSSPMMFOSFTJTUFODJB 24. $BEBDVBUSPEÓBTMBSBUBIFNCSBFTUÈSFDFQUJWBBMNBDIPZ FOQFSÓPEPGÏSUJMQPSMPUBOUPFOVOBQPCMBDJØOEFSBUBTFT BMUBMBQSPCBCJMJEBEEFQSF×F["EFNÈTFMFNCBSB[PUJFOF VOBEVSBDJØOBQSPYJNBEBEFEÓBTDPOMPDVBMFOQPDP UJFNQPQVFEFIBCFSVOBMUÓTJNPOÞNFSPEFEFTDFOEJFOUFT 25. a) -BQSFHVOUBTFPSJFOUBBSFDVQFSBSMPTDPOUFOJEPTEFM DBQÓUVMPBOUFSJPSFOSFMBDJØODPOFMFKFIJQPUÈMBNP IJQØGJTJTUJSPJEFT-BMJCFSBDJØOEF53)BDUJWBMBTÓOUFTJTZMJCFSBDJØOEF54)ZFTUBBTVWF[BDUÞBTPCSFMB UJSPJEFTRVFQSPEVDFZMJCFSBTVTIPSNPOBT b) $VBOEP FM OJWFM EF UJSPYJOB FT NÈYJNP TF BDUJWB FM QSPDFTPZTFQSPEVDFFOFMSFOBDVBKPFMDSFDJNJFOUP EFMBTFYUSFNJEBEFTBOUFSJPSFT c) 4JTFMFJOZFDUBUJSPYJOBBEJDJPOBMFMSFOBDVBKPTVGSF VOB NFUBNPSGPTJT BOUJDJQBEB Z TF DPOWJFSUF FO VOB SBOBBEVMUBFONJOJBUVSB 26. $VBOEPFOVOBGMPSTFVOFOMPTHBNFUPTGFNFOJOPTZNBTDVMJOPTTFQSPEVDFMBGFDVOEBDJØOZMBGPSNBDJØOEFMFNCSJØORVFTFFODVFOUSBEFOUSPEFMBTFNJMMB-PTQÏUBMPTZ FTUBNCSFTTFNBSDIJUBOZDBFOBNFEJEBRVFFMGSVUPDSFDF-BTBVYJOBTFTUJNVMBOMBNBEVSBDJØOEFMBQBSFEEFM PWBSJP&MUSBUBNJFOUPEFBVYJOBTSFBMJ[BEPQPSMPTQSPEVDUPSFTFOPWBSJPTEPOEFOPIVCPGFDVOEBDJØOPSJHJOBGSVUPTTJOTFNJMMBTMPRVFTFDPOPDFDPNPQBSUFOPDBSQJB&T FMDBTPEFUPNBUFTQFQJOPTZCFSFOKFOBTTJOTFNJMMBT 27. "MJOIJCJSMBTHJCFSFMJOBTTFiGSFOBwMBHFSNJOBDJØOFTEFDJSTFEFUJFOFFMNFUBCPMJTNPEFMFNCSJØOEFOUSPEFMB TFNJMMBZTFJNQJEFTVDSFDJNJFOUP"TÓMBTFNJMMBTFNBOUJFOFOFOFTUBEPMBUFOUFMPRVFBZVEBBQSFTFSWBSBMFNCSJØOEFVOBHFSNJOBDJØORVFQPESÓBSFTVMUBSQFMJHSPTB EFCJEPQPSFKFNQMPBMBGBMUBEFBHVB 28. &M QFSÓPEP EF GSÓP JOUFOTP EFTUSVZF FM ÈDJEP BCTDÓTJDP Z QPSMPUBOUPTFEFUJFOFMBJOIJCJDJØOEFMBTHJCFSFMJOBTZ MBTTFNJMMBTQVFEFOHFSNJOBS 29. a) 1PESÓBDPNQSBSBVYJOBTTJOUÏUJDBTRVFQSPNVFWFOFM DSFDJNJFOUP EF SBÓDFT EFTEF FM WÈTUBHP Z QFSNJUFO QSPEVDJSOVFWBTQMBOUBTBQBSUJSEFVOUSP[PEFUBMMP b) 1PESÓBVTBSVOBTPMVDJØODPODJOFUJOBQBSBNBOUFOFS FMDPMPSWFSEFZMBTBMVEEFMBTIPKBT 30. a) &MNFDBOJTNPRVFQFSNJUFFMDBNCJPEFDPMPSEFMMFOHVBEPFTOFSWJPTP-PTPKPTDBQUBOMBJOGPSNBDJØOEFM BNCJFOUFFTBJOGPSNBDJØOMMFHBIBTUBFMDFSFCSPZEF BMMÓBMBTDÏMVMBTQJHNFOUBSJBTEFMBQJFM b) 0USBTGVODJPOFTEFMDBNCJPEFDPMPSBDJØOEFMBQJFM FOMPTBOJNBMFTQVFEFOTFSMBSFHVMBDJØOEFMBUFNQFSBUVSBDPSQPSBMDPNPFOMPTSFQUJMFTZMBDPNVOJDBDJØODPOPUSPTJOEJWJEVPTEFTVFTQFDJFDPNPPDVSSF FOUSFNBDIPTQBSBEFMJNJUBSTVUFSSJUPSJP 31. 1BSBSFTPMWFSFTUBDPOTJHOBEFCFSÈOUFOFSFODVFOUB MB EFTDSJQDJØO EF MB FYQFSJFODJB SFBMJ[BEB QPS 'SJU[ 25 BIO3_Docente.indd 25 1/22/10 4:57:28 PM 8FOURVFTFUSBCBKBFOMBQÈHJOB DBCBOMBDVSWBUVSBEFMPTUBMMPTBMJMVNJOBSMBTQMBOUBT MBUFSBMNFOUF &TBT TVTUBODJBT SFTVMUBSPO TFS MBT QSJNFSBTIPSNPOBTWFHFUBMFTJEFOUJGJDBEBTMBTBVYJOBT b) 1BSBSFBMJ[BSTVFYQFSJFODJB8FOUUVWPFODVFOUBMBT MMFWBEBTBDBCPQPSMPT%BSXJOZQPS#PZTFO+FOTFO -PTQSJNFSPTJEFOUJGJDBSPOFMFYUSFNPEFMUBMMPDPNP FMMVHBSRVFJOGMVÓBFOMBDVSWBUVSBEFMUBMMPBOUFFM FTUÓNVMPEFMBMV[ZFMTFHVOEPQVEPFTUBCMFDFSRVF FSBVOBTVTUBODJBQSPEVDJEBFOFMFYUSFNPEFMUBMMPMB RVFQSPWPDBCBMBDVSWBUVSB c) DPSUØFMDPMFØQUJMPEFWBSJBTQMÈOUVMBTDPMPDØMPT DPMFØQUJMPTDPSUBEPTTPCSFVOBMÈNJOBEFHFMBUJOBZ MVFHPDPSUØMBHFMBUJOBFOQFRVF×PTUSP[PTDPMPDØ DBEBUSP[PEFHFMBUJOBTPCSFFMUBMMPEFVOBQMÈOUVMB TJOFMDPMFØQUJMPJMVNJOØMBUFSBMNFOUFMBTQMBOUBT DPOMPTUSP[PTEFHFMBUJOBZMBTQMBOUBTTFDVSWBSPO 9 El rol de las proteínas Páginas 172 6. $POMBMFDUVSBZFMFTUVEJPEFMPTDPOUFOJEPTEFFTUFDBQÓUVMPZMPRVFSFMBDJPOFOEFDBQÓUVMPTBOUFSJPSFTTFHVSBNFOUFMPTBMVNOPTDPNQSFOEFSÈORVFMBTDÏMVMBTOPGVODJPOBSÓBOTJOMBTQSPUFÓOBTQPSMPRVFTVJNQPSUBODJBSBEJDBFORVFUPEBGVODJØODFMVMBSTFSFBMJ[BHSBDJBTBMBT QSPUFÓOBT &O PUSBT QBMBCSBT TPO JNQSFTDJOEJCMFT QBSB NBOUFOFSMBGVODJPOBMJEBEEFUFKJEPTZØSHBOPT4JOQSPUFÓOBTOPIBCSÓBWJEB 7. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB Página 173 8. /VFTUSP PSHBOJTNP TF EFGJFOEF OBUVSBMNFOUF EF DVBMRVJFS NJDSPPSHBOJTNP P TVTUBODJB RVF QVFEB EB×BSMP .FEJBOUF MPT BOUJDVFSQPT QSPUFÓOBT QSPEVDJEBT FO MPT HMØCVMPTCMBODPTFMPSHBOJTNPSFBDDJPOBBOUFMPTBOUÓHFOPTRVFJOHSFTBOFOFMPSHBOJTNPZQVFEFOFOGFSNBSMP 9. -BNJPHMPCJOBFTVOBQSPUFÓOBRVFTFFODVFOUSBFOHSBOEFTDPODFOUSBDJPOFTFOMPTNÞTDVMPTFTRVFMÏUJDPTEPOEF TF FODBSHB EF BVNFOUBS FM BQPSUF EF PYÓHFOP BOUF VOB BDUJWJEBEGÓTJDBRVFMPSFRVJFSF5JFOFOVOBGVODJØOTJNJMBSBMBIFNPHMPCJOB Página 174 10. 6OBQSPUFÓOBFTVOQPMJQÏQUJEPGVODJPOBMQPSRVFVOBWF[ GPSNBEPVOQPMJQÏQUJEPQBTBQPSVOQSPDFTPEFQMFHBNJFOUPQPSFMDVBMBERVJFSFTVFTUSVDUVSBFOFMFTQBDJP USJEJNFOTJPOBMRVFMFQFSNJUJSÈJOUFSBDDJPOBSDPOPUSBT NPMÏDVMBTZDVNQMJSDPOTVGVODJØOFTQFDÓGJDB4PMPDVBOEPVOQPMJQÏQUJEPBERVJFSFTVFTUSVDUVSBFTQBDJBMEFGJOJUJWBTFIBCMBEFQSPUFÓOB Página 175 11. &TJNQPSUBOUFRVFMPTBMVNOPTDPNQSFOEBORVFMBTEJGFSFOUFTFTUSVDUVSBTEFMBTQSPUFÓOBTFTUÈOSFMBDJPOBEBTDPO MBTGVODJPOFTRVFDVNQMFO 12.3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB Página 177 13. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB 14. $VBOEP TF EFTOBUVSBMJ[BO MBT QSPUFÓOBT TF BMUFSB TV FTUSVDUVSBTFEFTFTUBCJMJ[BOQJFSEFOMBTPMVCJMJEBEZQSFDJQJUBOBMSPNQFSTFMPTFOMBDFTRVÓNJDPT&OFMDBTPEFMBT FO[JNBT QJFSEFO TVT QSPQJFEBEFT DBUBMJ[BEPSBT Z EFKBO de funcionar. Página 178 15. 1BSUFEFMUFYUPEPOEFTFIBDFSFGFSFODJBBMBFTQFDJGJDJEBE EF MBT FO[JNBT i$BEB UJQP EF FO[JNB UJFOF VOB GPSNB QBSUJDVMBSRVFAFODBKBFYBDUBNFOUFDPOPUSBNPMÏDVMBP JØO TPCSFMBDVBMBDUÞBBMBRVFTFEFOPNJOBTVTUSBUPFT EFDJSRVFFTFTQFDÓGJDBQBSBDBEBTVTUSBUPZSFBDDJØO-B TBDBSBTBQPSFKFNQMPDBUBMJ[BÞOJDBNFOUFMBSVQUVSBEF MBTBDBSPTBFOHMVDPTBZGSVDUPTBZFTJODBQB[EFJOUFSWFOJSFOPUSBSFBDDJØORVÓNJDB&MSFDPOPDJNJFOUPFTQBDJBM FOUSF MB FO[JNB & Z FM TVTUSBUP 4 IBDF QPTJCMF RVF MB FO[JNB DVNQMB TV GVODJØOw 1BSUF EFM UFYUP EPOEF TF IBDFSFGFSFODJBBRVFOPTFNPEJGJDBFOMBSFBDDJØOi6OB WF[GJOBMJ[BEBMBSFBDDJØOMBFO[JNBTFSFDVQFSBZQVFEF WPMWFSBBDUVBSw Página 181 16.-BEJGFSFODJBFOUSFVOBJOWFTUJHBDJØOFTDPMBSZVOBDJFOUÓGJDBTFFTUBCMFDFFOFMGSBHNFOUPEFMUFYUPEF%VSBOE4Z (BSDÓB( 17. &TJNQPSUBOUFRVFFMEPDFOUFBDPNQB×FFOMBQMBOJGJDBDJØOEFMBJOWFTUJHBDJØOZHVÓFFMUSBCBKPEFMPTBMVNOPT EVSBOUFFMQSPDFTP4VHFSFODJBTFQVFEFQFEJSRVFSFWJTFOMBFOUSFWJTUBEFFTUFDBQÓUVMPZPSJFOUBSMPTQBSBRVF SFBMJDFOVOB&OFTUFDBTPFTGVOEBNFOUBMBDPNQB×BSMPT FOMBGPSNVMBDJØOEFMBTQSFHVOUBT Página 182 18. -PTHFOFTUJFOFOMBTJOTUSVDDJPOFTQBSBTJOUFUJ[BSMBTQSPUFÓOBT5PEBTMBTQSPUFÓOBTRVFTFQSPEVDFOFOVONPNFOUP EFUFSNJOBEP Z CBKP DJFSUBT DPOEJDJPOFT TF MMBNBO iQSPUFPNBTw&MHFOPNBFTFMDPOKVOUPEFTFDVFODJBTEF"%/ RVFDBSBDUFSJ[BBVOPSHBOJTNP 19. &M NBUFSJBM HFOÏUJDP DPOUJFOF MBT iJOTUSVDDJPOFTw QBSB QSPEVDJSMBTQSPUFÓOBT-BTQSPUFÓOBTTFTJOUFUJ[BOFODBEB PSHBOJTNP$BEBQSPUFÓOBFTMBFYQSFTJØOEFMHFOPUJQPEF DBEBJOEJWJEVP 20. $PNPMPTBOUJDVFSQPTTPOQSPUFÓOBTZQVFEFOBQBSFDFOTJ IBZWJSVTDPOPDJFOEPDVÈMFTTPOMBTQSPUFÓOBTQPESÓBJEFOUJGJDBSTFMBQSFTFODJBEFMWJSVT-PNJTNPPDVSSFDPOPUSBT DPOEJDJPOFTRVFBMUFSBOFMGVODJPOBNJFOUPDFMVMBSDPNP FMDBMPSPFMGSÓPPNÞMUJQMFTDJSDVOTUBODJBTEJTUJOUBT&MBOÈMJTJTEFMPTDBNCJPTDFMVMBSFTFTUÈTJFOEPDBEBWF[NÈTVUJMJ[BEPFOMBNPEFSOBCJPNFEJDJOBDPOGJOFTEJBHOØTUJDPTZ EFQSPOØTUJDPCJPNBSDBEPSFT QBSBFMUSBUBNJFOUPJOEJWJEVBMJ[BEPEFQBDJFOUFTPQBSBFMFTUVEJPEFNFDBOJTNPT NPMFDVMBSFTFOFMDBNQPEFMBJOWFTUJHBDJØOCÈTJDB 21. i-BCJPJOGPSNÈUJDBFTVOBOVFWBEJTDJQMJOBEFOUSPEFMB CJPMPHÓBFOMBRVFMBTIFSSBNJFOUBTEFMBDPNQVUBDJØO UJFOFOVOBGVODJØOQSJNPSEJBM4JCJFOBMHVOPTSFTUSJOHFO FMSBOHPEFFTUVEJPEFMBCJPJOGPSNÈUJDBBMNBOFKPZBOÈMJTJTEFCBTFTEFEBUPTCJPMØHJDBT¦QSJODJQBMNFOUFEFTF- © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 a) 8FOUQSFUFOEÓBJEFOUJGJDBSMBTTVTUBODJBTRVFQSPWP- 26 BIO3_Docente.indd 26 1/22/10 4:57:29 PM DVFODJBT¦ QPESÓB BUSJCVÓSTFMF VO TFOUJEP NÈT BNQMJP DPNPMBGVTJØOEFMBTUÏDOJDBTDPNQVUBDJPOBMFTDPOFMFOUFOEJNJFOUPZMBBQSFDJBDJØOEFEBUPTCJPMØHJDPTFMBMNBDFOBNJFOUPMBSFDVQFSBDJØOMBNBOJQVMBDJØOZMBDPSSFMBDJØO EF EBUPT QSPDFEFOUFT EF EJTUJOUBT GVFOUFTw .ÈT JOGPSNBDJØO FO IUUQXXXCWTTMEDVSFWJTUBTBDJ WPM@@BDJIUN 22. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB 1 2 3 4 Página 183 23.&MUFNBDFOUSBMEFMBMFDUVSBFTVOBQSPUFÓOBRVFUJFOFFM NPOPRhesusRVFOFVUSBMJ[BSÓBFMWJSVTEFMTJEB 24. &TDPNÞORVFMPTDIJDPTOPUPNFOMBDPODJFODJBOFDFTBSJBTPCSFMBHSBWFEBEEFDJFSUBTFOGFSNFEBEFTRVFQPUFODJBMNFOUFOPTSPOEBOFOMPDPUJEJBOP-BQSFWFODJØOFO TBMVEJNQMJDBDVJEBSTFVOPNJTNPZDVJEBSBMPTEFNÈT 25. &MPCKFUJWPEFMBBDUJWJEBEFTRVFMPTBMVNOPTUFOHBOFO DVFOUBMBJNQPSUBODJBEFMPTEBUPTRVFBDPNQB×BOFTUF UJQPEFBSUÓDVMPTFOFTUFDBTPMBGFDIBEFQVCMJDBDJØO &MDBCMFTFVUJMJ[BDPNPNPEFMPQBSBFYQMJDBSMBFTUSVDUVSB QSPUFJDB&TUSVDUVSBQSJNBSJB$PSSFTQPOEFBMBTFDVFODJBMJOFBMEFBNJOPÈDJEPTEFVOBQSPUFÓOB&TUSVDUVSB TFDVOEBSJB-BDBEFOBEFBNJOPÈDJEPTTFQMJFHB&TUSVDUVSBUFSDJBSJB"MHVOBTDBEFOBTQMFHBEBTFOIÏMJDFQVFEFO SFQMFHBSTFTPCSFTÓNJTNBTEFNPEPRVFBEPQUBOGPSNBT FTGÏSJDBT 4F DPOTUJUVZFO BTÓ MBT EFOPNJOBEBT QSPUFÓOBT HMPCVMBSFT 1PS ÞMUJNP MB FTUSVDUVSB DVBUFSOBSJB FTUÈ QSFTFOUFFOBRVFMMBTQSPUFÓOBTRVFUJFOFONÈTEFVOBDBEFOBEFBNJOPÈDJEPT$BEBVOBEFFTUBTDBEFOBTTFSFMBDJPOBFTQBDJBMNFOUFDPOMBTSFTUBOUFT Páginas 184 y 185 26. -BT QSPUFÓOBT TPO micromoléculas macromoléculas GPSNBEBTQPSBNJOPÈDJEPTRVFBDUÞBOFOJNQPSUBOUFTGVODJPOFTDFMVMBSFT-PTBNJOPÈDJEPTTPODPNQVFTUPTinorgánicos orgánicos DPOTUJUVJEPT QPS DBSCPOP IJESØHFOP PYÓHFOPZOJUSØHFOPFOUSFPUSPTFMFNFOUPT&M"%/DPOUJFOFMBJOGPSNBDJØORVFEJSJHFMBTÓOUFTJTEFaminoácidos proteínas $BEBDÏMVMBDPOUJFOFNJMFTEFQSPUFÓOBTigualesdiferentes RVFSFBMJ[BOuna única funciónfunciones diversas -PT BNJOPÈDJEPT TF FODVFOUSBO FO un mismo distinto PSEFOFOUPEBTMBTQSPUFÓOBT-BTFO[JNBTTFactivandesactivan DVBOEPGVODJPOBOBUFNQFSBUVSBZQ) FMFWBEPT Z no sí TF SFDVQFSBO BM UFSNJOBS FM QSPDFTP QBSBWPMWFSBBDUVBS © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 27. a II b XII c V d VII e IV f VIII g X h III i I j VI k IX l XI 28.-BTPSBDJPOFTDPSSFDUBTTPO a) -BTQSPUFÓOBTDPOUSÈDUJMFT .BDUÞBOTPCSFMBTGJCSBTNVTDVMBSFT b) -BTQSPUFÓOBTDPOKVHBEBTGVODJPOBO .DPOBZVEBEFVOHSVQPOPQSPUFJDP c) -BTQSPUFÓOBTGJCSPTBTDVNQMFOVOBGVODJØO .FTUSVDUVSBM d) -PTSFDFQUPSFTEFMBTTF×BMFTIPSNPOBMFTFTUÈO .FOFMDJUPQMBTNBEFMBDÏMVMB .FOMBNFNCSBOBQMBTNÈUJDB 29.3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB 30.4FHÞOFMUFYUPFMBOUJCJØUJDPMPHSBMMFWBSMBTQSPUFÓOBTEFMB CBDUFSJBBMBFTUSVDUVSBQSJNBSJBFOMBRVFTPOGVODJPOBMNFOUFJOBDUJWBTZOPQSPEVDFOFOGFSNFEBE&OUPODFTTF SFMBDJPOBDPOMBDPOGPSNBDJØOPGPSNBEFMBTQSPUFÓOBT 31.&MPSEFOEFMBTJNÈHFOFTFTFMTJHVJFOUF 32. a) &M UÏSNJOP iWFSEFw QVFEFO SFMBDJPOBSMP DPO FM BNCJFOUF-BEJGFSFODJBSBEJDBFORVFMPTDJFOUÓGJDPTRVF SFBMJ[BOMBTÓOUFTJTWFSEFVUJMJ[BOUÏDOJDBTDPOSFBDUJWPT RVF OP QFSKVEJDBO MB TBMVE OJ FM BNCJFOUF -PT NÏUPEPTDJFOUÓGJDPTRVFVTBODBUBMJ[BEPSFTUSBEJDJPOBMFTOPBUJFOEFOMPTSFRVFSJNJFOUPTEFDVJEBEPEFM NFEJPBNCJFOUF c) &M BIPSSP FO FM DPTUP EF MPT QSPDFTPT SFBDUJWPT UJFOF RVFWFSDPORVFMBTFO[JNBTQVFEFOVTBSTFWBSJBTWFDFTZUBNCJÏOTFBIPSSBFOFSHÓBEBEPRVFMBTFO[JNBT BDUÞBOBUFNQFSBUVSBBNCJFOUF 10 El ADN, portador de información Página 191 7. #ÈTJDBNFOUF MB FYQSFTJØO iJOGPSNBDJØO IFSFEJUBSJBw TF SFGJFSFBMBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTHFOÏUJDBTRVFMPTTFSFTWJWPT IFSFEBOEFTVTQSPHFOJUPSFTZRVFUBNCJÏOUSBOTNJUJSÈOBTVTEFTDFOEJFOUFT&M"%/TFFODVFOUSBFOFMOÞDMFPDFMVMBSZFOMBTNJUPDPOESJBTEFMBTDÏMVMBTIVNBOBT ZBOJNBMFTZFOMPTDMPSPQMBTUPTEFMBTDÏMVMBTWFHFUBMFT 8. &MPCKFUJWPEFFTUBDPOTJHOBFTRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBO SFMBDJPOBSDPODFQUPTRVFZBDPOPDFODPOMPTRVFTFQSFTFOUFOFOMPTUFNBTEFMDBQÓUVMP&M"%/FTFMÈDJEPEFTPYJSSJCPOVDMFJDPQSFTFOUFFOMBTDÏMVMBT$POUJFOFMBJOGPSNBDJØOHFOÏUJDBRVFEJSJHFMBTÓOUFTJTEFMBTQSPUFÓOBT RVFTFTJOUFUJ[BOFODBEBUJQPEFDÏMVMB-PTDSPNPTPNBT FTUÈOGPSNBEPTQPSÈDJEPTOVDMFJDPT"%/ ZQSPUFÓOBT" TVWF[FMNBUFSJBMHFOÏUJDPRVFDPOUJFOFFM"%/EJSJHFMB 27 BIO3_Docente.indd 27 1/22/10 4:57:30 PM Página 192 9. -BDÏMVMBOFDFTJUBUSBOTNJUJSMBNJTNBJOGPSNBDJØOBDBEB VOB EF MBT DÏMVMBT IJKBT 4J OP EVQMJDBSB MB DBOUJEBE EF "%/BOUFTEFTVEJWJTJØODBEBDÏMVMBIJKBSFDJCJSÓBMBNJUBEEFM"%/FTEFDJSMBNJUBEEFMBJOGPSNBDJØOHFOÏUJDB ZBTÓTVDFTJWBNFOUFIBTUBRVFMMFHBSÓBVONPNFOUPFO RVFOPIBCSÓB"%/QBSBSFQBSUJS 10. &OMBEVQMJDBDJØOEFM"%/TPOGVOEBNFOUBMFTDJFSUBTFO[JNBTRVFDBUBMJ[BOUPEPFMQSPDFTP4JOPFTUVWJFSBOSFTVMUBSÓBNVZMFOUP Página 193 11. &MHFOPNBFTFMDPOKVOUPEFUPEPTMPTHFOFTZMBTFDVFODJBEFOVDMFØUJEPTRVFGPSNBOMPTDSPNPTPNBTEFMBTDÏMVMBT-BTJOTUSVDDJPOFTDPOUFOJEBTFOFMNBUFSJBMHFOÏUJDP EJSJHFOMBTÓOUFTJTEFMBTQSPUFÓOBTMBTFDVFODJBEFMBTCBTFTRVFTFBDPQMBOBDBEBBNJOPÈDJEPZFMFOMBDFEFMPT BNJOPÈDJEPTRVFGPSNBOMBTQSPUFÓOBTFTQFDÓGJDBTEFDBEB DÏMVMBTFHÞOMBGVODJØORVFDVNQMF 12. &M"%/NJUPDPOESJBMTVFMFVUJMJ[BSTFQBSBPCUFOFSQSVFCBTEFJEFOUJEBEEFMBWÓBIFSFEJUBSJBNBUFSOB1PSFKFNQMPMBQPMJDÓBGPSFOTFMPVTBDPNPQSVFCBQBSBEFTDVCSJS BVOEFMJODVFOUFUBNCJÏOFODBTPTEFBWFSJHVBDJØOEF QBSFOUFTDPDVBOEPOPTFDPOTJHVF"%/OVDMFBS 13. &MDPODFQUPEFiSB[BwOPUJFOFVOBCBTFDJFOUÓGJDBQPSRVF DPOMBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTRVFFTUÈOMMFWBOEPBDBCPMPTDJFOUÓGJDPTEFUPEPFMNVOEPTFMMFHØBMBDPODMVTJØOEFRVFMPT TFSFT IVNBOPT TPNPT TFNFKBOUFT HFOÏUJDBNFOUF &M EFMPTEBUPTHFOÏUJDPTTPODPNVOFTBUPEBTMBTQFSTPOBTQPSFTPTFQVFEFEFDJSGFIBDJFOUFNFOUFRVFOPFYJTUFVOBCBTFDJFOUÓGJDBRVFTVTUFOUFFMDPODFQUPEFiSB[Bw Página 195 14. -PTBMVNOPTEFCFOEBSTFDVFOUBEFRVFMBQSFHVOUBIBDF SFGFSFODJBBM"3/EFUSBOTGFSFODJBRVFDVNQMFFMQBQFMEF JOUFSNFEJBSJP FOUSF MPT BNJOPÈDJEPT RVF UPNB EFM DJUPQMBTNBZMPTEFMNFOTBKFSPFOMPTSJCPTPNBT&M"3/UBEBQUB MPT BNJOPÈDJEPT EF B USFT BOUJDPEØO Z MPT BDPQMB TFDVFODJBMNFOUFBMPTBNJOPÈDJEPTEFMNFOTBKFSPTFHÞOMB GPSNBFORVFTFDPNQMFNFOUBOMBTCBTFTOJUSPHFOBEBT 15.-BJOGPSNBDJØOHFOÏUJDBTFDPQJBEFM"%/BM"3/NFOTBKFSPFOFMOÞDMFPDFMVMBSEVSBOUFFMQSPDFTPEFUSBOTDSJQDJØO-VFHPFMNFOTBKFSPWBIBDJBMPTSJCPTPNBTEFMDJUPQMBTNBEPOEFMBJOGPSNBDJØOTFUSBEVDFQPSNFEJPEFM "3/URVFBDPQMBMPTBNJOPÈDJEPTDPOMPTEFMNFOTBKFSP &TEFDJSMBTFDVFODJBEFMPTOVDMFØUJEPTEFMNBUFSJBMHFOÏUJDPEFUFSNJOBMBTFDVFODJBEFMPTBNJOPÈDJEPTFOMB DBEFOBQSPUFJDBRVFTFGPSNB Página 197 16.-BFTUSVDUVSBEFMBTQSPUFÓOBTMFTQFSNJUFDVNQMJSDPOTV GVODJØOCJPMØHJDB-BTNVUBDJPOFTFOHFOÏUJDBTPOBMUFSBDJPOFTFOMBJOGPSNBDJØOIFSFEJUBSJBRVFQVFEFDPOTUJUVJSQPSFKFNQMPVODBNCJPFOFMPSEFOEFMPTOVDMFØUJ- EPTEFM"%/1VFEFOQSPEVDJSTFFOGPSNBFTQPOUÈOFBP JOEVDJEBTQPSTVTUBODJBTRVÓNJDBTPSBEJBDJPOFTRVFEB×FOFMNBUFSJBMHFOÏUJDP4JMBQSPUFÓOBOPMPHSBUFOFSTV DPOGPSNBDJØOOPQPESÈDVNQMJSDPOTVGVODJØO Página 198 17.-PTDBNCJPTRVFTFQSPEVDFOFOMBTFTQFDJFTBMPMBSHPEFM UJFNQP FWPMVUJWP TVFMFO PDVSSJS QPS NVUBDJPOFT EF MPT HFOFT&TUPTDBNCJPTTFUSBOTNJUFOZQSPEVDFOWBSJBCJMJEBEHFOÏUJDB4FHÞOMBUFPSÓBEFMBTFMFDDJØOOBUVSBMMBT NVUBDJPOFTTPOMBDBVTBQSJODJQBMEFMBFWPMVDJØOEFMBT FTQFDJFTMPRVFMMFWBBMBWBSJBCJMJEBEHFOÏUJDBRVFJSÈ QSPEVDJFOEPMPTDBNCJPTFWPMVUJWPT Página 199 18. a), b) Z c)-PTUFYUPTTFMFDDJPOBEPQBSBFTUBBDUJWJEBEQPOESÈOBMPTBMVNOPTFOMBOFDFTJEBEEFCVTDBSMPTQVOUPTEFDPNQBSBDJØOEFBNCPTBVUPSFTZEFFTBNBOFSB OP UFOESÈO RVF SFQFUJS FM DPOUFOJEP FYBDUP EF MP RVFMFFO&OFTUFDBTPMPTJNJMBSFTFMUFNBZMPEJGFSFOUFFTMBBDUJUVERVFBTVNFGSFOUFBFTFUFNBDBEBFTDSJUPS 6OP EF MPT BVUPSFT 3JDIBSE -FXPOUJO QBSFDF NÈTFTDÏQUJDPFOMPRVFSFTQFDUBBMPTBMDBODFTEFMBT JOWFTUJHBDJPOFTTPCSFFMHFOPNB"QFTBSEFRVFQPESÓBOUSBUBSTFFOGFSNFEBEFTBUSBWÏTEFMBUFSBQJBHÏOJDBDPOTJEFSBRVFMBQPTJCMFJNQMBOUBDJØOEFHFOFT QBSBNPEJGJDBSVOBQBUPMPHÓBPNBMGPSNBDJØOQPESÓB UBNCJÏO QSPWPDBS iBDDJEFOUFTw HFOÏUJDPT TF FTUBSÓB SFGJSJFOEPBNVUBDJPOFTQPSFKFNQMP DPODPOTFDVFODJBTJNQSFEFDJCMFTQBSBMBTHFOFSBDJPOFTGVUVSBT.JFOUSBTUBOUPFMEPDUPS.BUU3JEMFZOPTUSBOTNJUFVOBJEFB NÈTPQUJNJTUBFOSFMBDJØODPOMPTBWBODFTFOMBJOWFTUJHBDJØO EF MPT HFOFT IVNBOPT &TUÈ DPOWFODJEP EF RVFFMDPOPDJNJFOUPHFOÏUJDPFTCFOFGJDJPTPZOFDFTBSJP"VORVFDPNQSFOEFMPTSJFTHPTRVFJNQMJDBMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFNPEJGJDBSHFOÏUJDBNFOUFBVOJOEJWJEVPB EJGFSFODJBEF-FXPOUJOFTUÈTFHVSPEFRVFFOHFOÏUJDBMBTJODØHOJUBTRVFTVSKBOEFMPTUSBUBNJFOUPTTFQPESÈOSFTPMWFSDPOGBDJMJEBE3FBMNFOUFFTUBNPTBOUF EPTBVUPSFTRVFBQBSUJSEFMPTDPOPDJNJFOUPTDBEBWF[ NBZPSFT EFM HFOPNB IVNBOP UJFOFO JEFBT TJNJMBSFT FOBMHVOPTBTQFDUPTQFSPNVFTUSBOVOBWJTJØOEJGFSFOUFTPCSFMBTDPOTFDVFODJBTRVFQPESÓBOTVSHJSFOFMGVUVSPDPOSFTQFDUPBMBNBOJQVMBDJØOEFMPTHFOFT Página 200 19. 6ONBOJGJFTUPFTVOFTDSJUPFORVFTFIBDFQÞCMJDPBMHÞO QSPQØTJUPEFJOUFSÏTHFOFSBM 20. 4FHÞOMBJEFBEFMPTDJFOUÓGJDPTRVFGJSNBOFMNBOJGJFTUP MBTSB[BTIVNBOBTTPOVOBBCTUSBDDJØOEFMPTTFSFTIVNBOPTCBTBEBFOVOBNBMBJOUFSQSFUBDJØOEFMBTEJGFSFODJBT GÓTJDBTRVFQFSDJCFOMPTTFOUJEPT-PTDIJDPTWFSÈOFOFTUBT MÓOFBTRVFMPTDJFOUÓGJDPTFTCP[BOMBJEFBEFMBMJNJUBDJØO IVNBOBBUSBWÏTEFTVTTFOUJEPTZTVTVCKFUJWJEBERVF OPMFTQFSNJUJSÓBJOUFSQSFUBSDPSSFDUBNFOUFFMTJHOJGJDBEP EFMBTEJGFSFODJBTGÓTJDBT 21. &MDPODFQUPEFSB[BOPUJFOFTJHOJGJDBEPCJPMØHJDPFOMBFTQFDJFIVNBOB4FEBVOBNBZPSWBSJBCJMJEBEHFOÏUJDBFOUSFQFSTPOBTEFVOBNJTNBQPCMBDJØOZTPONFOPSFTMBT © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 TÓOUFTJTEFMBTQSPUFÓOBTFTQFDÓGJDBTTFHÞOMBGVODJØORVF DVNQMFDBEBUJQPEFDÏMVMB-BTQSPUFÓOBTTPOMBSHBTDBEFOBTEFBNJOPÈDJEPTVOJEPTRVFSFTVMUBOEFMQSPDFTPEF TÓOUFTJT 28 BIO3_Docente.indd 28 1/22/10 4:57:31 PM EJGFSFODJBTFOUSFQVFCMPTEJGFSFOUFTMPRVFDPOUSBEJDFMB JEFBEFMBFYJTUFODJBEFSB[BT&MSBDJTNPFTTVJDJEBZIPNJDJEBBMBWF[QPSRVFHPMQFBBMPTRVFQFSUFOFDFOBQVFCMPT EJTUJOUPTZBMPTRVFMPQSBDUJDBOFTUÈBMJNFOUBEPQPSFM PEJPRVFTFCBTBFOVOBEFGJOJDJØOFTUSFDIBEFMBJEFBEF OPSNBMJEBEZBRVFBHSFEFBMPTRVFOPTPOJHVBMFTBMBT UJQPMPHÓBTIVNBOBTFTUÈOEBSEJTDSJNJOBZBNFOB[B 22. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB Página 201 23. &OFTUFBSUÓDVMPTFDPNQBSBOMPTSJCPTPNBTDPONJDSPGÈ- © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 CSJDBTQPSRVFFTFOFTUPTPSHÈOVMPTEPOEFTFSFBMJ[BMB USBEVDDJØO EFM "3/N KVOUP DPO FM "3/U B QSPUFÓOBT Z DVMNJOBMBTÓOUFTJTEFQSPUFÓOBT 24. &M BVUPS TF SFGJFSF B MBT QSPUFÓOBT DPNP iMBESJMMPT EF MB WJEBw&TUBNFUÈGPSBUJFOFRVFWFSDPOFMIFDIPEFRVFMBT QSPUFÓOBT TPO JNQSFTDJOEJCMFT QBSB RVF TF SFBMJDFO MBT GVODJPOFTDFMVMBSFTFTEFDJSRVFDPOTUJUVZFOMBCBTFEFMB WJEBZBRVFOPIBCSÓBWJEBQPTJCMFTJOQSPUFÓOBTZOPTF QPESÓBiDPOTUSVJSwOJOHÞOPSHBOJTNP 25. &MFTUVEJPEFMPTSJCPTPNBTZMBTQSPUFÓOBTJNQMJDBDPOPDFSTVGVODJPOBNJFOUPQBSBUSBCBKBSFOMBJOWFTUJHBDJØO EFMBTDÏMVMBTIVNBOBTZMBTCBDUFSJBTZQPEFSQSPEVDJS OVFWPTBOUJCJØUJDPTQBSBBUBDBSBMPTBHFOUFTQBUØHFOPT 26. &TUF QFRVF×P UFYUP QPESÓB NPTUSBSTF FO VOB TFDVFODJB DPOGMFDIBTFM"%/TFFODVFOUSBFOFMOÞDMFPEFMBTDÏMVMBT-BJOGPSNBDJØOHFOÏUJDBRVFDPOUJFOFTFUSBOTDSJCFZ TFUSBEVDFFOMPTSJCPTPNBTRVFFTUÈOFOFMDJUPQMBTNB "MMÓ TF SFBMJ[B MB TÓOUFTJT EF QSPUFÓOBT NBDSPNPMÏDVMBT RVFDPOUSPMBOMBRVÓNJDBEFMPSHBOJTNP"TVWF[TFFTUVEJB DØNP GVODJPOBO MPT SJCPTPNBT Z MBT QSPUFÓOBT RVF TJOUFUJ[BO DPO FM GJO EF MPHSBS OVFWPT BOUJCJØUJDPT QBSB MVDIBSDPOUSBMBTCBDUFSJBTRVFNVDIBTWFDFTWBOBERVJSJFOEPSFTJTUFODJBBMPTBOUJCJØUJDPTIBCJUVBMFT 27. 4JCJFOBMPTBMVNOPTMFTQVFEFOTVSHJSWBSJBTEVEBTMB QSFHVOUBRVFRVFEBTJOSFTQPOEFSFOFMBSUÓDVMPFTDVÈM TFSÓBMBSFMBDJØOFOUSFFMDPOPDJNJFOUPEFFTUBFTUSVDUVSB USJEJNFOTJPOBMEFMPTSJCPTPNBTZFMFTUVEJPEFMGVODJPOBNJFOUPEFMPTBOUJCJØUJDPTFOMBTDÏMVMBTEFMBTCBDUFSJBT 0NJUJFSPO NFODJPOBS RVF FYJTUFO FTUVEJPT RVF BGJSNBO RVFBMHVOPTBOUJCJØUJDPTBUBDBOEJSFDUBNFOUFFMSJCPTPNBEFMBCBDUFSJBZMBNBUBO 28. -PTUSFTDJFOUÓGJDPTUSBCBKBSPOFOGPSNBJOEFQFOEJFOUFZ UVWJFSPOFODPNÞOFMFNQMFPEFMBDSJTUBMPHSBGÓBEFSBZPT 9 SFQJUJFOEP MB NJTNB UÏDOJDB RVF VUJMJ[Ø 3PTBMJOE 'SBOLMJOZMVFHP8BUTPOZ$SJDLFOQBSBSFTPMWFSMB FTUSVDUVSB EFM "%/ $PO MB DSJTUBMPHSBGÓB EF SBZPT 9 MPT JOWFTUJHBEPSFTHBMBSEPOBEPTBCSJFSPOFMDBNQPEFUSBCBKPQBSBEFTBSSPMMBSOVFWBTUFSBQJBTNÏEJDBT RVÏGVODJØODVNQMFDBEBVOPEFMPTHFOFT e) /PFTBTÓ&ODPOUSBNPTNBUFSJBMHFOÏUJDPFOFMOÞDMFP ZFOMBTNJUPDPOESJBTZFOMPTDMPSPQMBTUPTEFMBTDÏMVMBTWFHFUBMFT f) /P$BEBHFOFTUÈJNQMJDBEPFOMBTÓOUFTJTEFWBSJBT QSPUFÓOBTOPEFVOBTPMB g) /P-BTNVUBDJPOFTHFOÏUJDBTTPODBVTBEFWBSJBCJMJEBEHFOÏUJDB 30. 1SFHVOUBBCJFSUBFOMBRVFMPTBMVNOPTUFOESÈOMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFFMFHJSQBMBCSBTZGSBTFTEFMBTRVFUFOESÈORVF FMBCPSBSFMDPOUFOJEPDPNPQBSBFYUSBFSTFHÞODBEBVOP MBTJEFBTQSJODJQBMFT#VFOBPQPSUVOJEBEQBSBDPNQSPCBS FMOJWFMEFDPNQSFOTJØOPEJGJDVMUBERVFQSFTFOUFOFOMB MFDUVSBEFMPTUFYUPT 31.)FDIPTIJTUØSJDPTNFODJPOBEPTFOFMDBQÓUVMP t "SDIJCBME&(BSSPEQVCMJDØTVMJCSPErrores congénitos del metabolismoFOFMRVFFYQMJDBCBRVFTJTF BMUFSBO MPT QSPDFTPT CJPRVÓNJDPT EF MBT DÏMVMBT TF QSPEVDFOFSSPSFTFOTVNFUBCPMJTNP t (SJGGJUISFBMJ[ØFYQFSJNFOUPTDPOOFVNPDPDPT %FEVKPRVFFOMBTCBDUFSJBTWJSVMFOUBTNVFSUBTIBCÓB BMHPRVFTFUSBOTNJUÓBBMBTCBDUFSJBTWJWBTOPWJSVMFOUBTZMBTUSBOTGPSNBCB t 5IPNBT.PSHBOEFNPTUSØVOBIJQØUFTJTRVFZB IBCÓBFOUSBEPFOFTDFOBFOEFMBNBOPEFMCJØMPHP8BMUFS4VUUPOZFMFNCSJØMPHP5IFPEPSJ#PWFSJ RVJFOFTBGJSNBCBORVFFOMPTDSPNPTPNBTTFFODPOUSBCBOMPTGBDUPSFTIFSFEJUBSJPTEF.FOEFMFO FTPT GBDUPSFT GVFSPO SFCBVUJ[BEPT QPS 8JMIFMN +PIBOOTFODPNPiHFOFTw "TÓTFQPTUVMØMBUFPSÓBDSPNPTØNJDBEFMBIFSFODJBTFHÞOMBDVBMMPTGBDUPSFT IFSFEJUBSJPTTFFODVFOUSBOFOMPTDSPNPTPNBT t 0TXBME"WFSZ$PMJO.D-FPEZ.BDMZO.D$BSUZ EFTDVCSJFSPO RVF MB TVTUBODJB SFTQPOTBCMF EF MB USBOTGPSNBDJØO EF MBT CBDUFSJBT JOPGFOTJWBT FO WJSVMFOUBTFSBFM"%/1PTUFSJPSNFOUFWBSJPTFYQFSJNFOUPTEFNPTUSBSPORVFFM"%/FTFMNBUFSJBMHFOÏUJDP FOUPEPTMPTTFSFTWJWPT t 8BUTPOZ$SJDLEFUFSNJOBSPOMBFTUSVDUVSBEFM "%/4VTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTBQPSUBSPOJOGPSNBDJØOQBSB DPNQSFOEFSDØNPTFDPQJBMBJOGPSNBDJØOIFSFEJUBria. t 8BUTPO $SJDL Z 8JMLJOT PCUVWJFSPO FM 1SFNJP /PCFMEF.FEJDJOB t OBDFFM1SPZFDUP(FOPNB)VNBOP t "EB&:POBUI5IPNBT"4UFJU[Z7FOLBUSBNBO 3BNBLSJTIOBOPCUJFOFOFM1SFNJP/PCFMEF2VÓNJDB QPSTVTEFTDVCSJNJFOUPTTPCSFFMGVODJPOBNJFOUPEF MPTSJCPTPNBT 32. Páginas 202 y 203 29. a) &OFMOÞDMFPTFQSPEVDFMBUSBOTDSJQDJØOZFOFMDJUPQMBTNBMBUSBEVDDJØO b) /P-BNBDSPNPMÏDVMBRVFEJSJHFMBTÓOUFTJTEFQSPUFÓOBTFTFM"%/ c) /PFTFYBDUP4PMPFMEFMHFOPNBOVDMFBSDPEJGJDB QSPUFÓOBT d) &TJOFYBDUPZBRVFKVTUBNFOUFDPOPDFSMBTFDVFODJB EFMHFOPNBFTTBCFSFORVÏQPTJDJØOTFFODVFOUSBZ a) 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB b) "MBOBMJ[BSFMUÓUVMPMBJEFBFTRVFMPTBMVNOPTOPUFO RVFFMBVUPSSFMBDJPOBFMB[BSDPOFMNJTUFSJPEFMHFOPNB IVNBOP 4FSÓB FTQFSBCMF RVF FMMPT BQPSUBSBO TVPQJOJØOTPCSFMBFMFDDJØOEFFTFUÓUVMP c) 2VJ[ÈMPTBMVNOPTQSPQPOHBOEJGFSFODJBTFOMBSFEBDDJØOEFVOUFYUPQFSJPEÓTUJDPVOPJOGPSNBUJWPZVOP DJFOUÓGJDPNÈTPNFOPTGPSNBMUÏDOJDPFUD 1VFEFO SFWJTBSMPTEJGFSFOUFTFTUJMPTUFYUVBMFTQSFTFOUBEPTFO el libro. 29 BIO3_Docente.indd 29 1/22/10 4:57:31 PM EFMBVUPSRVFQSFUFOEFSÓBFYQMJDBSRVFUPEPQBSFDF SFEVDJSTFBMBHFOÏUJDBZOPTFDPOUFNQMBOMPTGBDUPSFTBNCJFOUBMFTZDVMUVSBMFT e) -PT BMVNOPT QPESÓBO DPNFOUBS MJCSFNFOUF MPT EJGFSFOUFT BTQFDUPT RVF UJFOF FTUB FYQSFTJØO EFTEF MP TFVEPDJFOUÓGJDPMPJOGPSNBMMPTVCKFUJWPMPQSFEJDUJWPDPNPVOBGBOUBTÓBFUDÏUFSB f) 3FTQVFTUB BCJFSUB 2VJ[ÈT MVFHP EF IBCFS USBCBKBEP TPCSF FTUF GSBHNFOUP QVFEBO MFFS MB OPUB DPNQMFUB FOMBQÈHJOBDJUBEBXXXDSJUJDBEJHJUBMDPNSFWJTUBDGJMFTSFWJTUB@D@QBSB@XFCQEG 33. a) b) c) d) e) $SPNPTPNBT (FO 1SPUFÓOBT .VUBDJØO *OUFSGBTF 34. 3FTQVFTUBBCJFSUB 35. &OFTUBBDUJWJEBEFTJNQPSUBOUFMBNPUJWBDJØOEFMPTDIJDPTFOMPSFGFSFOUFBMBJOWFTUJHBDJØOZCÞTRVFEBEFNBUFSJBM&TGVOEBNFOUBMRVFFMEPDFOUFBDPNQB×FZHVÓF MBTBDUJWJEBEFTEFMPTHSVQPTDPNPDPPSEJOBEPSEFMBTUBSFBT-VFHPEFRVFDBEBHSVQPIBZBFMFHJEPTVUFNBTFSÓB JNQPSUBOUF QMBOJGJDBS MBT BDUJWJEBEFT FM PSEFO Z MB NBOFSBFOMBRVFMPTEJGFSFOUFTHSVQPTWBOBSFBMJ[BSTV CÞTRVFEBEFJOGPSNBDJØO 11 La biotecnología moderna Página 211 6. -PTQMÈTNJEPTTPONPMÏDVMBTEF"%/DJSDVMBSZFTUÈOQSFTFOUFT FO MBT CBDUFSJBT 4F QVFEFO FYUSBFS EF MBT CBDUFSJBTDPSUBSMPTFJOTFSUBSMFTVOHFOEFPUSPPSHBOJTNP-BT FO[JNBTEFSFTUSJDDJØODPSUBOMBNPMÏDVMBEF"%/FOMVHBSFTRVFUJFOFOEFUFSNJOBEBTTFDVFODJBTFOUPODFTQFSNJUFOTFQBSBSVOHFOEFJOUFSÏTEFMSFTUPEFM"%/EFVO PSHBOJTNP Z UBNCJÏO DPSUBS MPT QMÈTNJEPT -B MJHBTB FT VOBQSPUFÓOBRVFQFSNJUFMBVOJØOEFGSBHNFOUPTEF"%/ RVFGVFSPODPSUBEPTDPOMBNJTNBFO[JNBEFSFTUSJDDJØO Página 212 7. 1BSBPCUFOFSVOBCBDUFSJBUSBOTHÏOJDBTFEFCFOTFHVJSMPT TJHVJFOUFTQBTPT4FDPSUBDPOVOBFO[JNBEFSFTUSJDDJØO FM "%/ EF VO PSHBOJTNP Z TF TFQBSB FM HFO EF JOUFSÏT MVFHPTFDPSUBDPOMBNJTNBFO[JNBEFSFTUSJDDJØOFMQMÈTNJEPFYUSBÓEPEFVOBCBDUFSJB&MQBTPTJHVJFOUFFTSFVOJS FMHFOPCUFOJEPFMQMÈTNJEPZMBFO[JNBMJHBTBQBSBRVF TFVOBOMPTGSBHNFOUPTEF"%/QPSTVTFYUSFNPTZBDPOUJOVBDJØO TF SFÞOFO MBT CBDUFSJBT DPO MPT QMÈTNJEPT SFDPNCJOBOUFTPCUFOJEPTQBSBRVFJOHSFTFOFOFMMBT 8. -BSFTJTUFODJBBBOUJCJØUJDPTQFSNJUFJEFOUJGJDBSMBTCBDUFSJBTUSBOTHÏOJDBTFTEFDJSBRVFMMBTFOMBTRVFJOHSFTØFM QMÈTNJEPSFDPNCJOBOUFZBRVFFTUFUBNCJÏODPOUJFOFVO HFOEFSFTJTUFODJBBVOBOUJCJØUJDP&OUPODFTTFDVMUJWBO MBTCBDUFSJBTFOVONFEJPDPOFMBOUJCJØUJDPBEFDVBEPZ TPCSFWJWFOTPMPMBTRVFDPOUJFOFOFMQMÈTNJEP Página 213 9. 1BSBJOUSPEVDJSHFOFTFODÏMVMBTWFHFUBMFTTFBQSPWFDIB RVFOBUVSBMNFOUFMBCBDUFSJBAgrobacterium tumefaciens UJFOFMBDBQBDJEBEEFJOUSPEVDJSQBSUFEFTVNBUFSJBMHFOÏUJDPFOBMVOBTQMBOUBTMPRVFQSPWPDBMBGPSNBDJØOEF UVNPSFT 10. -BDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBEFMBTQMBOUBTRVFSFTVMUBWFOUBKPTBQBSBMB PCUFODJØOEFUSBOTHÏOJDPTFTRVFTVTDÏMVMBTUJFOFOMBDBQBDJEBEEFNVMUJQMJDBSTFZHFOFSBSUPEPTMPTUJQPTEFDÏMVMBT WFHFUBMFT&ODPOTFDVFODJBBQBSUJSEFVOBTQPDBTDÏMVMBT USBOTGPSNBEBTFTQPTJCMFSFHFOFSBSQMBOUBTDPNQMFUBT Página 214 11. -BEJGJDVMUBEQBSBPCUFOFSVOBQMBOUBPVOBOJNBMUSBOTHÏOJDPFODPNQBSBDJØODPOMBPCUFODJØOEFNJDSPPSHBOJTNPT USBOTHÏOJDPT FT RVF FO FM PSHBOJTNP QMVSJDFMVMBS UJFOFO RVFBTFHVSBSTFFMJOHSFTPEFMHFOEFJOUFSÏTFOUPEBTMBT DÏMVMBT &O DBNCJP FO MBT CBDUFSJBT MPT QMÈTNJEPT EFCFO JOUSPEVDJSTFFOMBÞOJDBDÏMVMBRVFMBTDPOTUJUVZF 12. a) -BPCUFODJØOEFMPT(MP'JTIJODMVZFFMDPSUFDPOFO[JNBTEFSFTUSJDDJØOEFMHFOEFMBNFEVTBZTVBJTMBNJFOUPMBJODPSQPSBDJØOEFMHFOFOFMDJHPUPEFMQF[ZFM EFTBSSPMMPEFMPTFNCSJPOFTDPOFMHFOJOTFSUBEP 1F[ cebra .FEusa FO[JNBTEF SFTUSJDDJØO $JHPUP JOZección (FO para la fluorescencia desarrollo 1F[USBOTHÏOJDP b) &O DVBOUP B MB EJGFSFODJB FOUSF MB PCUFODJØO EF MPT QFDFTZMBTDBCSBTUSBOTHÏOJDBTFTJOUFSFTBOUFEFTUBDBS DPOMPTBMVNOPTRVFQPSTFSPWÓQBSPTOPTFSFRVJFSF QBSB FM EFTBSSPMMP EF MPT FNCSJPOFT EF MPT QFDFT MB JNQMBOUBDJØOFOVOBIFNCSB Página 215 13. 4F FTQFSB RVF B QBSUJS EF MB JOGPSNBDJØO EFM DVBESP MPT BMVNOPTWFBOMBTWFOUBKBTEFRVFMBTQMBOUBTOPTFBOBGFDUBEBTQPSMBBDDJØOEFJOTFDUPTPQPSMBBDDJØOEFMBTTVTUBODJBTRVFTFVUJMJ[BODPNPIFSCJDJEBTFTEFDJSQBSBEFTUSVJS MBTNBMF[BTPFTQFDJFTWFHFUBMFTOPEFTFBEBTRVFDSFDFO FOUSFMPTDVMUJWPT Página 216 14. 6O QPTJCMF BSHVNFOUP B GBWPS EFM DVMUJWP EF TPKB FT TV SFTJTUFODJBBMPTIFSCJDJEBTMPDVBMQFSNJUFVONFKPSEFTBSSPMMPEFMDVMUJWPBMOPTFSBUBDBEPQPSFTBTTVTUBODJBT 1PS PUSP MBEP VOB NBZPS QSPEVDDJØO EF TPKB UFOESÓB DPNP BSHVNFOUP B GBWPS MB QPTJCJMJEBE EF BVNFOUBS MB QSPEVDDJØOEFBMJNFOUPT$PNPBSHVNFOUPTFODPOUSBTF © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 d) &TFTQFSBCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPTJOUFSQSFUFOMBJOUFODJØO 30 BIO3_Docente.indd 30 1/22/10 4:57:32 PM QPESÓBONFODJPOBSMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFRVFBMDPOTVNJSMB MBTPKBUSBOTHÏOJDBBGFDUFBMBTQFSTPOBTZBEFNÈTRVF QSPNVFWBVOVTPFYDFTJWPEFIFSCJDJEBTDPODPOTFDVFODJBTOFHBUJWBTQBSBFMBNCJFOUF 15. -BQSJODJQBMDPOTFDVFODJBOFHBUJWBRVFTFMFBUSJCVZFBM DVMUJWPEFTPKBFTFMFNQPCSFDJNJFOUPEFMTVFMPZDPNP DPOTFDVFODJB TV EFTFSUJGJDBDJØO Z MB JNQPTJCJMJEBE EF DPOUJOVBSVUJMJ[ÈOEPMPQBSBFMDVMUJWP&ODVBOUPBMBEJTDVTJØO FOUSF WFOUBKBT Z EFTWFOUBKBT TF FTQFSB RVF MPT BMVNOPTQVFEBOBOBMJ[BSMBOFDFTJEBEEFUFOFSFODVFOUBUBOUPBTQFDUPTQPTJUJWPTDPNPOFHBUJWPTZFWBMVBSTJ TPONÈTOVNFSPTPTFTUPTÞMUJNPT PSJHFOEFMBTTVTUBODJBTRVFTFVUJMJ[BO-PTBSHVNFOUPTEF MPTBMVNOPTQVFEFOTFSWBSJBEPTUBOUPQBSBVOBQPTJDJØO DPNPQBSBMBDPOUSBSJB-PJOUFSFTBOUFEFFTUBBDUJWJEBEFT RVFQVFEBOFYQSFTBSVOBPQJOJØOGVOEBNFOUBEB Páginas 220 y 221 21. &OFTUFDBTPMBTSFTQVFTUBTTPOEFUJQPBCJFSUBZBRVFMBT SFMBDJPOFTQVFEFOTFSNÞMUJQMFT-PJOUFSFTBOUFFTQPEFS EJTDVUJSMBTSFMBDJPOFTFTUBCMFDJEBTFODBEBDBTP 22. a) -B CJPUFDOPMPHÓB NPEFSOB JODMVZF UÏDOJDBT EF JOHFOJFSÓBHFOÏUJDBNJFOUSBTRVFMBCJPUFDOPMPHÓBUSBEJDJPOBM VUJMJ[B PSHBOJTNPT DPNVOFT "EFNÈT MB CJPUFDOPMPHÓBUSBEJDJPOBMFTNVDIPNÈTBOUJHVB b) -BJOHFOJFSÓBHFOÏUJDBJODMVZFUÏDOJDBTFOMBTDVBMFT TFUSBCBKBDPONBUFSJBMHFOÏUJDPRVFFTFMRVFMMFWBMB JOGPSNBDJØOQBSBMBTÓOUFTJTEFQSPUFÓOBT c) 4F EJGFSFODJBO FO RVF MPT BMJNFOUPT USBOTHÏOJDPT TF QSPEVDFO DPO JOHSFEJFOUFT RVF IBO TJEP USBUBEPT B QBSUJSEFMBJOHFOJFSÓBHFOÏUJDB d) -B CJPSSFNFEJBDJØO FT VOB UÏDOJDB QBSB QSFTFSWBS DJFSUPTBNCJFOUFTNJFOUSBTRVFMBCJPUFDOPMPHÓBUSBUBEFPCUFOFSCFOFGJDJPTQBSBFMTFSIVNBOPFOHFOFSBMBQBSUJSEFMBVUJMJ[BDJØOEFPSHBOJTNPTWJWPT Página 217 16. a) -BSFTQVFTUBFTTFNJBCJFSUBZBRVFQVFEFIBCFSWB- b) c) d) e) SJBOUFTFOMBFMBCPSBDJØOQFSPTFFTQFSBRVFUFOHBO FODVFOUBMBTQBSUFTNFODJPOBEBTQBSBMBFMBCPSBDJØO EFVOJOGPSNF "USBWÏTEFFTUFJOGPSNFTFUSBOTNJUFODPOPDJNJFOUPT TPCSFMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFPCUFOFSIJMPEFBSB×BBQBSUJSEF PSHBOJTNPTUSBOTHÏOJDPTDÏMVMBTEFPSVHBZCBDUFSJBT &OFMQSJNFSFYQFSJNFOUPTVSHJØMBEJGJDVMUBEEFOP QPEFS PCUFOFS IJMPT MBSHPT &M QSPCMFNB TF SFTPMWJØ VUJMJ[BOEPCBDUFSJBTQBSBJOUSPEVDJSMPTHFOFT &OFTUF DBTP MPT BMVNOPT QVFEFO SFTPMWFS EJGFSFOUFT DPTBT1PESÓBOQFOTBSFONFKPSBSMBDBMJEBEPMBDBOUJEBE EF IJMP &O DBEB DBTP QPESÈO JNBHJOBS QPTJCMFT FYQFSJNFOUPT-BJEFBEFMBBDUJWJEBEFTRVFFMMPTQVFEBOEJTF×BSBMHÞOUJQPEFFYQFSJNFOUPDPOMPTDPOPDJNJFOUPTRVFMMFWBOBERVJSJEPTIBTUBFMNPNFOUP &OFTUFDBTPTFFTQFSBRVFTFCBTFOJOJDJBMNFOUFFO MPTVTPTRVFQMBOUFBFMUFYUPIJMPRVJSÞSHJDPDIBMFDPT BOUJCBMBTGJCSBTØQUJDBTZSPQBEFQPSUJWB 4FFTQFSB RVFBEFNÈTQVFEBBCSJSTFVOBJOTUBODJBEFJOWFTUJHBDJØO FO MB DVBM MPT BMVNOPT QVFEBO NFODJPOBS PUSPTQPTJCMFTVTPTEFFTUFNBUFSJBM 23. a) &MPSHBOJTNPRVFBQPSUBFMHFOEFJOUFSÏTFTFMDBDUVT ZFMRVFMPSFDJCFFTFMNBÓ[ b) 4FFTQFSBRVFFMDVMUJWPEFNBÓ[USBOTHÏOJDPPCUFOJEP QVFEBDSFDFSFODPOEJDJPOFTEFFTDBTBIVNFEBE c) 6ODVMUJWPEFNBÓ[USBOTHÏOJDPRVFQVFEBDSFDFSFO DPOEJDJPOFTEFFTDBTBIVNFEBEQFSNJUJSÓBQSPEVDJSMPFO[POBTFOEPOEFIBCJUVBMNFOUFOPDSFDFQPSMBT DPOEJDJPOFTDMJNÈUJDBT 24. a) 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTSFTQPOEBORVFQBSBDVNQMJSDPOFTUFBSUÓDVMPFTJNQPSUBOUFEFDJSRVÏBMJNFOUPT TPO EF PSJHFO USBOTHÏOJDP +VTUBNFOUF QPSRVF NVDIBHFOUFOPRVJFSFDPOTVNJSMPTZUJFOFEFSFDIPB SFDJCJSJOGPSNBDJØOTPCSFTVPSJHFO b) &TJNQPSUBOUFRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOFOVODJBSBMHVOBTEFMBTEJTDVTJPOFTSFMBDJPOBEBTDPOMBTDPOUSPWFSTJBTEFMBJOHFOJFSÓBHFOÏUJDBFODVBOUPBMBQSPEVDDJØO Z FM DPOTVNP EF BMJNFOUPT 4F FTQFSB RVF QVFEBOEFDJSRVFNVDIBHFOUFOPRVJFSFDPOTVNJS FTUFUJQPEFBMJNFOUPTQPSRVFOPDPOPDFRVÏDPOTFDVFODJBTQVFEFOUSBFS-BJEFBEFFYQSFTBSMBPQJOJØO FT JOUFSFTBOUF QPSRVF FT QPTJCMF RVF QMBOUFFO RVF NVDIBHFOUFQJFOTBEFFTBGPSNBQPSEFTDPOPDJNJFOUPEFFTUFUJQPEFUÏDOJDBT © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 Página 218 17. &ODVBOUPBMBTDPOTFDVFODJBTOFHBUJWBTEFMVTPEFUSBOTHÏOJDPTQBSBCJPSSFNFEJBDJØOFTQPTJCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPT SFMBDJPOFO FTUF UFNB DPO MB MJCFSBDJØO EF PSHBOJTNPT USBOTHÏOJDPTZFMSJFTHPEFEFTFRVJMJCSJPBNCJFOUBM&TUB FTVOBCVFOBJOTUBODJBQBSBHFOFSBSVOFTQBDJPEFEFCBUFFOFMBVMBRVFEJTQBSFMBOFDFTJEBEEFSFUPNBSDPODFQUPTWJTUPTBOUFSJPSNFOUF 18.-PT PSHBOJTNPT USBOTHÏOJDPT VTBEPT QBSB CJPSSFNFEJBDJØO QFSUFOFDFO B MB UFSDFSB PMB RVF QSFUFOEF PCUFOFS TVTUBODJBT EF JOUFSÏT DPNP WBDVOBT P NFEJDBNFOUPT B QBSUJSEFDVMUJWPTWFHFUBMFT&TUPTOPTFFTUÈOQSPEVDJFOEPFOFTUFNPNFOUPFOGPSNBDPNFSDJBM Página 219 19. 4FFTQFSBRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOEJTDVUJSTPCSFMPRVF JOWFTUJHBSPO Z QPOHBO FO KVFHP EJGFSFOUFT OPNCSFT EF FO[JNBTOPDPOFMBGÈOEFSFDPSEBSMPTTJOPDPOFMPCKFUJWPEFSFDPOPDFSMBEJWFSTJEBEFYJTUFOUF 20. -BQSFHVOUBTPCSFMBJNQPSUBODJBEFRVFTFJOGPSNFFOMBT FUJRVFUBTTJMBTFO[JNBTTPOPCUFOJEBTEFPSHBOJTNPTUSBOTHÏOJDPTBQVOUBBMBOFDFTJEBEEFJOGPSNBDJØOFODVBOUPBM 25. a) &OUSFMPTBSHVNFOUPTQSFTFOUBEPTQPSDBEBHSVQPFTEFTFBCMFRVFMPTBMVNOPTQVFEBOEFTUBDBSMPTTJHVJFOUFT t &OFMDBTPEF-PT%SBHBEPSFTRVFFMMPTMFWBOUBO MPT TFEJNFOUPT 4FSÓB JOUFSFTBOUF JOEVDJS B RVF MPTBMVNOPTQJFOTFORVFOPFTFTUBVOBCVFOB JEFBQPSRVFMBTBHVBTTFDPODFOUSBSÓBOBÞONÈT FODVBOUPBMBQSPQPSDJØOEFQMPNP t &O FM DBTP EF MPT *OHFOÏUJDPT RVF QVFEBO EFGFOEFSFMVTPEFUSBOTHÏOJDPTDPNPCJPSSFNFEJBEPSFT BVORVF EFCFO QSFTUBS BUFODJØO B MB JN- 31 BIO3_Docente.indd 31 1/22/10 4:57:32 PM QPSUBODJBEFIBDFSMPTDPOUSPMFTOFDFTBSJPTBOUFT EFMJCFSBSFMOVFWPPSHBOJTNPBMBNCJFOUF t &OFMDBTPEFMPTWFDJOPTRVFQVFEBOFYQSFTBSMPT NJFEPT UÓQJDPT IBDJB MPT USBOTHÏOJDPT DPNP FT FM IFDIPEFEFTFRVJMJCSBSFMOJDIPFDPMØHJDPBTÓDPNP TV QSFPDVQBDJØO BOUF MB QÏSEJEB EF USBCBKP TJ TF DJFSSBMBGÈCSJDB5BNCJÏOQVFEFOBQBSFDFSBSHVNFOUPTEFQSFPDVQBDJØOQPSMBDPOUBNJOBDJØO t LPTSFQSFTFOUBOUFTEFMB'FEFSBDJØO2VJORVJSJWJMMFOTF EF 3FHVMBDJØO EF 5SBOTHÏOJDPT EFCFSÈO FYQSFTBSMBOFDFTJEBEEFDPOUSPMFTQBSBFMVTPEF USBOTHÏOJDPTQFSPQPSPUSPMBEPUBNCJÏOEFCFSÈOUSBORVJMJ[BSBMBQPCMBDJØOFODVBOUPBRVFTJ FTPTUSBOTHÏOJDPTQBTBOTVTDPOUSPMFTMBDJVEBE FTUBSÈTFHVSBZNFOPTDPOUBNJOBEB t LPT EVF×PT EF MB GÈCSJDB EFCFSÈO QSFTFOUBS TVT JOUFODJPOFTEFDPOUJOVBSEBOEPUSBCBKPBTVTFNQMFBEPTQFSPUBNCJÏOEFCFSÓBOFYQSFTBSBMHPEF QSFPDVQBDJØOQPSFMHSBEPEFDPOUBNJOBDJØO b) -PTBMVNOPTEFCFSÈOSFTPMWFSFMQSPCMFNBEFBMHVOB NBOFSB USBUBOEP EF FRVJMJCSBS MBT QPTJDJPOFT FOUSF MPTEJGFSFOUFTHSVQPT-BTPQDJPOFTTPOWBSJBTQFSPFT JNQPSUBOUFRVFDPOTJEFSFOEFTEFMBFNQSFTBMBMJCFSBDJØOEFDPOUBNJOBOUFTRVFOPFTÞUJMFMESBHBEP RVFMBFNQSFTBEFCFDPOUJOVBSBCJFSUBRVFMPTUSBOTHÏOJDPTEFCFOFTUBSSFHVMBEPTZRVFTPOVOBPQDJØO EFCJPSSFNFEJBDJØO c) &OFTUFFTDSJUPFTQPTJCMFRVFTFWFBOBMNFOPTBMHVOBT DPODMVTJPOFTMVFHPEFMBEJTDVTJØO6OUSBCBKPJOUFSFTBOUFTFSÓBQFEJSMFTMVFHPVOBFYQPTJDJØODPNPEFNPTUSBDJØOEFMBJODPSQPSBDJØOEFFTUPTDPOUFOJEPT 26. a) 6OEJBHSBNBQPTJCMFTFSÓB Agrobacterium Basillus thuringiensis pláTNJEP (FO para JOTFDUJDJEB b) 1BSBMBTQFSTPOBTRVFDVMUJWBONBÓ[FMUSBOTHÏOJDP#U UJFOFMBWFOUBKBEFRVFOPSFTVMUBBGFDUBEPQPSFMBUBRVF EFM JOTFDUP ZB RVF QSPEVDF VOB TVTUBODJB RVF NBUBBMBTMBSWBTEFMCBSSFOBEPSEFMUBMMPRVFTFBMJNFOUBOEFMBQMBOUB c) &M QSJODJQBM GBDUPS EF DPOUSPWFSTJBT DPO SFTQFDUP BM VTP EFM NBÓ[ #U QPESÓB WJDVMBSTF DPO RVF BGFDUF B RVJFOFTMPDPOTVNFO 27. a) -PTQBTPTQBSBPCUFOFSMBTPWFKBTTFSÓBOTFPCUJFOFFM DJHPUPØWVMPGFDVOEBEP BQBSUJSEFVOBPWFKBTF JOZFDUB FO FM DJHPUP FM HFO RVF UJFOF MB JOGPSNBDJØO QBSB TJOUFUJ[BS FM GBDUPS *9 EF DPBHVMBDJØO TF JNQMBOUBFOPUSBPWFKBFMDJHPUPDPOFM"%/SFDPNCJOBOUF RVFUJFOFJOTFSUBEPFMHFOQBSBFMGBDUPS*9EFDPBHVMBDJØOTFPCUJFOFOMBTDSÓBTUSBOTHÏOJDBTRVFMMFWBOFO TV"%/FMHFOQBSBFMGBDUPS*9EFDPBHVMBDJØO b) -BQSJNFSBPWFKBBQPSUBFMDJHPUPZMBPWFKBEFMQBTP BQPSUBFMÞUFSPFOFMRVFTFEFTBSSPMMBSÈFMPSHBOJTNP USBOTHÏOJDP c) -BKFSJOHBDPOUJFOF"%/DPOMBJOGPSNBDJØOQBSBTJOUFUJ[BSFMGBDUPS*9&TFHFOTFPCUJFOFEF"%/IVNBOP RVFFTFMRVFOBUVSBMNFOUFDPOUJFOFFTBJOGPSNBDJØO d) &MQBTPTFSÓBFYUSBFSMBMFDIFEFMBTPWFKBTUSBOTHÏOJDBT Z TFQBSBS B QBSUJS EF FTB MFDIF FM GBDUPS *9 RVF DPOUJFOF 28.&MPCKFUJWPEFFTUBBDUJWJEBEFTRVFQVFEBOSFBMJ[BSVO SFQBTPHFOFSBMEFMDBQÓUVMPZFMJKBOBMHVOBTEFMBTFTQFDJFT RVF TF IBO VTBEP DPNP FKFNQMP QBSB DPOTUSVJS MB MJTUBEFMPQFEJEP"MHVOPTEFMPTDPOPDJNJFOUPTRVFQPESÓBONFODJPOBSMPTBMVNOPTTPOPCUFOFSDVMUJWPTRVF DSF[DBO FO DPOEJDJPOFT RVF OP TPO MBT OBUVSBMFT DPNP BNCJFOUFT DPO FTDBTB IVNFEBE RVF OP TFBO BUBDBEPT QPS QMBHBT DPNP JOTFDUPT RVF QSPEV[DBO TVTUBODJBT EF JOUFSÏTDPNPNFEJDBNFOUPT 29."MHVOPTSFTVMUBEPTTJNJMBSFTQFSPDPOBOJNBMFTDPNPWBDBTRVFQSPEVDFOFOTVMFDIFIPSNPOBTEFDSFDJNJFOUP PDBCSBTRVFQSPEVDFOFOTVMFDIFFMGBDUPSEFDPBHVMBción de la sangre. PláTNJEP SFDPNCJOBOUF TraOTGPSNBDJØO EFDÏMVMBT EFNBÓ[ Regeneración EFDÏMVMBT USBOTGPSNBEBT © Santillana S.A. Prohibida su fotocopia. Ley 11.723 Agrobacterium USBOTHÏOJDB 32 BIO3_Docente.indd 32 1/22/10 4:57:33 PM