Factores de riesgo de la Hemorragia Post Parto inmediato : Estudio

! "# $
$ # % & !
! "'! ! ( )!*
!!+, ! '- .!*
. ! /001(
!" # $ $ '2,34 (
2, (
% & "#' # & $ /005
((
1
$67 % % (
F
$67 % 78 % (
>
$67 % 7 97
% ( (
1F
$67 % 7
% (
1>
$67 % 8( ( (
2E
( (
F1
( ( (
FF
).! :- (
F>
;
(
FH
La elaboración de esta tesis lo dedicamos a nuestros padres Las autoras
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
1
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
2
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
$67 % %
$67 % %
%3$ *!" / # ! ) # *)! 45
!"*#! #"!!/ /"/! # !"*#!
*!" #!"/! #
*/! + " / # !"*#!
6$ #! "!/7 /!'7# / + /" 8 9
$ !"/+: & !"*#! /" ' #
*/! + /+ #!"/! *+ !) 1;< = ""
" &#!# ")" /+ !*/!:" /"!/ *+ >;;* " ' ')!"
+ *+ 1;;;* " / ?7 #*? # 0, "# !)" /"!/
# # /*" /!:" 0*#!"?*!/7 # ?* "! #" # 2@
!* 0 "/"" AB / = #!" /" AB /"
= " # ) # ## + ! # !C: "?! ! #
) !:" ) !/ *D!7 ## !45 /" !"' # /"!"C # E><
$ /"/! # # F;F<4/ ? $ 2BF<7 ')!" $ F21<5 / # ! ) "/"# " $ "/!:" # /"! 4 GEH> I G;;;15 # / " ' ')!" + # )
# /&'!J7 ')!" + !"& 4 G B;EI G;;;>5 !)*" # / " ' ')!" "/"" # / /!# = '!" ' # !)"!!/!' $ "/!:" # /?) + /) /" *7 !" *,) !C "?! ! "!'!# + *!'!# " ): /"/ !:" # = "
/ # ! ) /!:" # "D* # / " /!:" * *#! # #!"/! # + " / # # 11>E<4
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
F
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
12< " / ? + 1;< " ' ')!"5
$ / # ! ) !#"!!/# " "/!:" # /"! + # ) # /'!C7 ')!" + !"&7 # / " '
')!" * " "" / # ! ) " / ? " /!"
= ": / # ! ) # "/!:" /"! ' EH '/ *?
! ) # 0/ " " /*/!:" = " "" / !"
= /!" = ": / # ! ) # # ) /'!/')!" !"
' B;E '/ *? ! ) # ! " " /*/!:" = " ""
/ /"/! # " ! /!" )! " #" # # #! # F;F < *#! # #!"/! # + "
/ # # 11>E<
3$ *)! / # ! )
@
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
$67 % 78 %
$67 % 78 %
*)! !* / # * *" " *"#7 #" #
0*)! = *+ *)"!# #=! = " " # #
1
*,*!" + ! !"*#! /"!,+ /" *? # H>< # 2 ;
/*!//!" )' = /" " !* 2@ 0 # # " " #! /!' !C# " " ! " !" # !* /+
Q !## " " !/!" RS7 '! " 1BE / # *
*" #" # # " # 1EAB !/!*, # 1EE>7 #"# /"/+:
= # * *" !" !/!:" H;B 1;; ;;; "/!# '!' 8
= / !"/! # * *" " !" !/!:" " !"//!"
/" " FB< 4 , &!/7 "#*!! 7 '!!"!! / ?57 0*)! /" 2;1F< 4 " !"7 7 !"7 /" /7
.,! 7 /" '!7 /T!/ 70** =!D)!/5 + F 1
"*## 0!" !' /" 1AEF< 4 /* ! ' + /* !5 1
K78 %7L7 M3 0 * !#$ 0 N+ *" *!+ " O M!"/ , 7
1EEBI >@$ 1.1;
2 ;
P 7 *!" , &!/ )" # *)! " $ "!/ # M!"/) +
, !/! * / 3 2I 1EE> $2B>. 2A2
F 1
U 37 7 7 8 !## " " !/!" . '! # " ! "
!"1EEB$ 1H.22
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
>
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
!* = *" " *"# >1> ;;; *O "*"7 / #
/*!//!" # *,C7 + ! # / EE< /#" # @ >
" # # " ' # # H> < # * *"
" #,!# /!"/ / , &!/
B
0*)!7 !"//!:"7 J*!7 , !# + /*!//!" # , $
>;< # * *" " #,!# *)! " H
,# # " ' # # " *&!/ !" /#"
A
J!*#*" F@ ;;; #"/!" *" Z !" = " D 0*)! " " # !* / # * *"
E
0 !! " !#"# = # *!## *" # 1A> J 1;; ;;; "'7
1;
" D *" /*" 111; *O Z 0*)! " " ' # # !" " !"/!#"/! #
11
1F< )D" 2;;; @;< # "/!*!" /!# " D!* /!"/ Z
"" /*!//!" #" 7 !"# " # *? /" 12
")# J/ !' /" " 22< 0*)! /"# " # /" #/#*" # '
?!#*" 0/N + * *+ # * / #" # !
!* # ) # !"/!#"/! # "*! " *O # " ' # # /"!,+ *!## $ " *O = + ? "&*!/
" # " &#!# # ") = " *O #, # 0/ / !*" = " /!:" !)"!!/!' # " / "
#*!/!! #,!# "/! / 7 *!' /":*!/ 7 '!/! # # #
@
P
MUM, !* *" *!+ 1EE> I " !"#0 '!V7 "+ ! "#
!*!" )+M"'$ V# 00 )"!C!"7 1EE>.2;;1
>
B
H
. '"/!:" # 0*)! $ "O /!' # / !# # ,O # 2;;2
0$WW !",' #)WW* X!" W0*)!0*2;;F R.
Y
LM7 7 P *"O /!' # *,*!" #! *!"+ !"/!#"/! # 0*)! * % , M+"/7 1EEH7 1HH $ HH; R@
A
3 %7 MU 7 U 7 U # ! ' / " " !" = " "# *!" /"'"/!" M!"/) + , !/!7 D 2;;;I @B4F5 $22A. 2F1
E
%M!"/) + , !/! 1[ #!/!:" !*$ # 1EEE$ 12;B.1211
1;
11
12
B
M , # " '!#"/! $ "O # *)! '## # 7 1B7 ,! 2;;2
"/ *)?!/ # # 2;;;
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
$67 % 78 %
,O /!##7 '!/! /" #!/! // 1F
2
" "* #!"!/!" = 0+ # !"*#!7 *? *!*"
/# &#!# # *? # >;; * # ") # & # #" # 1@ 1> 1B 1H 1A ; 1E B 2; H 21 A 22 E 2F ; 2@ 1 2> 2
!* 2@ 0
*,!&" #!" /* " &#!# ! 1;;; * ) # " / ?7 + J!"# #!"!/!:" = / = # " " ?!# # /*" /!:"
0*#!"?*!/ 4=!/#!7 0!" !:" + !#C */#57/" /!' "
2B 2
/ ?
#!" &/"!/ # ,! /"!, /"!!/ &#!#
")" 7 !"' !)# /!## !"#!/" = / ! # ')!"
/"'" " &#!# ")" # >;;*7 " " = / ? 1;;;* "
" #!"!/!:" *? C", # + = /!*" !" *? !//!:" /"!/ 2H ;
&#!# ")" *+ # 1;;;* !"#"#!"*" # ' # " *, /!/" "/! " " " ')!" /* " " /!:" / ?7
1F 2
1@
1>
1B
1H
/L '"!") * 0*0) !" VX / !") " % M!"/ , 2;;27 HH$2BH.2H>
. '"/!:" # 0*)! $ "O /!' # / !# # ,O # 2;;2
M , # " '!#"/! $ "O # *)! '## # 7 1B7 ,! 2;;2
%M!"/) + , !/! 1[ #!/!:" !*$ # 1EEE$ 12;B.1211
0$WW !",' #)WW* X!" W0*)!0*2;;F R.
1A ;
P 7 *!" , &!/ )" # *)! " $ "!/ # M!"/) +
, !/! * / 3 2I 1EE> $2B>. 2A2
1E B
2; H
21 A
22
*)! M!"/., !/! &J!/7 2;;2Z 2> [ 2E1
%7 %U 7 M , !/! + M!"/) J #!/!:" 2;;;$ F;A. F12
U 7 , !/! / #!/!:" 0!I ,!//!" &/"!/ #!?"7 1EEE$ F22.F2>
E
M7
/
7
M7
37
M7
L7
L
P!!*
, !/!
2;
#!/!:"1EEE$H;H.H2@
2F ;
2@ 1
2> 2
M # # , !/! * + :)!/ #!/!:" D72;;$B>2. B>>
PU7 3M 7 U M7 , !/! Y!" #!/!:" )"!"7 # "7 1EE>$>FF. >FA
% *)! , &!/ M' M8" !" ,!//!" 2;;1
2B
2H
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
H
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
&#!# 0*?!/ #/ "#*"*" #" J !' + " !*
0 I !"#"#!"*" # ' # 7 H A< # *O
2A @
J/#?" &#!# *#!
)" /" !#" B;;* /* " # / + !*" = *#!
# &#!# # ") " ')!" /" D"!/ # B;;*
4 + / ! 1;;;* )*5 + )!" = " #!)": !/ /"!/ *? D! #
!"/! *" = / #"# &#!# # ") !*# #
1;;;* *? =! " # / !!C#7 !*" " " /"
= !*/!" /"!/ // # /"!## # &#!# ")" !"#" 2E F; F1 ;
, !* '*" # &#!# " " @F >;<
,* " !* /"!## # ") #!# " " # *!' #
F2
= !"/!#"/! # ' " #!" #! " 2>< 1B< * # */0 /*!"#" 0+ " =* *? ,O!' #!)": !/ # 7 # !#"!!/ #! *!"/!:" # # # **" #
FF F@ ; F> A
!") 0 # 7 # 1;< *? " /"
I FB ; FH A
"/ !## # " !:" &#!# ")" # & # !" *,)7 /*" /" #!//!:" # + # J!:/!/ 7 #,
FA ;
/" !# /* 0*)! /"# '*" # &#!# J/# F;;//
/" !#" 0*)! # + ! /=! &#!# # ") =
FE F
" # /*" # ! !:)!/*"7 + = # #/! #Z ! / # *)! #" / !!/ " !)" !" 4"7
2A @
2E
F;
3 * 0*0) !!/ / /! 1EE1IH@4@5$AAF. AAH
. '"/!:" # 0*)! $ "O /!' # / !# # ,O # 2;;2
0$WW !",' #)WW* X!" W0*)!0*2;;F R.
F1
F2
FF
M , # " '!#"/! $ "O # *)! '## # 7 1B7 ,! 2;;2
F@ ;
P 7 *!" , &!/ )" # *)! " $ "!/ # M!"/) +
, !/! * / 3 2I 1EE> $2B>. 2A2
F> A
U 7 , !/! / #!/!:" 0!I ,!//!" &/"!/ #!?"7 1EEE$ F22.F2>
FB
FH
FA ;
A
M # # , !/! * + :)!/ #!/!:" D72;;$B>2. B>>
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
$67 % 78 %
"/!:" # /"! 7 /"/!:" "*7 //!" + !"5 +
" !" 4//!" # /!:" !"! # / )"!7 /)7 0**
@; ; @1 B
5 !* / # E;< # / # + " )" *? )'
")# # + ! # /! "* # " *?
/ ,? !/ #" #"*!" /* / $ "7 O!#7 * +
*,!" "# ! "7 D7 )" C:" " /C # /" !/!" /* / ")# # !! /"! / O!# +
* ! #/ "!# # /"//!:" + /?) # ")7 ) !" , / )"! = #" / )"# &#!# # ") " 7 /!*" ! " " "*" !#"!!/# / *,!" ! "*!## # /)/!:" = *,!&" / " &#!# J/ !' #
@2 F
")
FE F
@; ;
3 7 / M *)! , &!/ M' " # ! //!" # #!/!" !/ 2;;1
P *!" , &!/ )" # 0*)! " $ "!/
# M!"/) +
, !/! * / 3 27 1EE>$ 2B>. 1A2
@1 B
M !//!:" M" # # #/!' !"*!" &/"!/ '"/!:"7
#!)" !/ + *"O # 0*)! , &!/ &J!/ 2;;;
@2
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
E
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
$ !< !-
!0!#*"!
,#! " !:"
*,C *D!
!"
/ *
\ )*!" # *D / ?!#
] !"
")#
!!##
# J!:/!/
# ! "//!:" !"*"!:!/
")#
4 5
! !:" ":*!/
!,* !"
W"/!" # D
/" '!
"* !" W
')!"
. '
/" !"/* " ]
.#0"/! "* # !) !" '!
/"
.!#:" "!# /" "* :, ,/"!#
"!#
."/!:" /"!
4%
5
?) # ")
?) "!#
"!#
M !" # /&'!J7
/!!#
M
')!" !"&
!" *"
!/!:" *" #
/
**
! !*7 # )
')!" !"
!"
!) !" '!
45
"' !:" !"
!!##
"!, !"* !'
# *,*!"
) *!!
J!J"
"*## # '"
P!,"#
M] 45
) /* !
/" *
* + "!#
1;
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
$67 % 78 %
$ !< !-
,! /"
*,! # =!#
*"!:!/
/" /"/! # 0*)! ' " 0/N7 "/ !## #
" !" + ! ) 7 !"//!" /"/*!" 7 "*!7 #!!/# #
/"/! +7/* / !*" #O "0!!!! * "#* #
@F
00" + ,* # !!##
*"#7 *O !"" = /!,!
" !" # ") + " /!, # / ! ) /!"# /" @@
//!" " !" /" !"//!:" 3 0!!
* "/#" # ,O "/"" !)!" $
" '" # 1EEH " '! PN " Z '1H @7 !"*" "?! ! # "' #! ,!/# # # 1EA> " #"# *"/!" = " " # + " # "!# 7 *? # B; < # * *"
@> F
/!" " # # 7 !"/!*" /!# 0*)!
)D" / ,!/# # Q*)! S7 , # " ,D =# # !,!/ # /0"7 #!" + !,!/ # # #/!' # 7 *"/!"" = "* #! 0" '# / = /" !"/!#"/!
# /* /* !7 *,C *D!7 ! !*7 ')!" !
@B
+ " ,O # ")# "= "/! # " *? # /
#" *" ,,!!## # = *O ") " 0*)!7 #
@H @A
/ # /" " *O !" / # ! ) /"/!#
" ! !:! ""7 !C: " #! # /!!' ,!/# " 1EEF
/+ Q*)! S /"/! # !"*#! " !7
@E @
)D" #! # H<
" 7 !C: " !"' !)/!:" # /!!' /!' , Q @F
@@
%M!"/) + , !/! 1[ #!/!:" !*$ # 1EEE$ 12;B.1211
. '"/!:" # 0*)! $ "O /!' # / !# # ,O # 2;;2
@> F
M P * *" /" " 7 /"# " 0, )! '"!' VN "
Z7 1EEH 3 1H7 [ @
@B
0$WW !",' #)WW* X!" W0*)!0*2;;F R.
@H
@A
P
MUM, !* *" *!+ 1EE> I " !"#0 '!V7 "+ ! "#
!*!" )+M"'$ V# 00 )"!C!"7 1EE>.2;;1
@E @
U *)! ! !/"/!# 1EEF
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
11
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
# *)! " :/!/ "*#!S7 # *# # " # 1EE2 !/!*, # 1EEB7 #"# "/"" 1EB / " !"' !)/!:" /"/+:
= /"/! # " #" # " #! # ;2E< + / " #" # !*"/! "$ /'!/. ')!" BAA<7 !" !"
1>A2<7 "/!:" # /"! 1;2;<7 "/!:" # /" @>E< >; >
!"' !:" !" ;>1<
, = " #! /!'7 " 0+ " "* , )! " #"# !C: " #!7 !C: !"' !)/!:"
#" # # !*, #1EEA !/!*, # 1EEE7 /+ Q #
! ' / " " !" = " "# *!" /"'"/!"
Q7 #"# !*" /"/! # #" # # #! " " B A <
" #! "/"" H / # " !" = " "#!"
*!" /"'"/!"7 # / F # / '!" /* /
>1
#! "" *!!##7 ) " Z + /* !7 */ :*!/ ,* "# " !"' !)/!:" !)!" ^ ? " /
# ! ) # *)! !"*#!7 " #! / . /" !C# "
! /!" )! " R !=7 #" # # 2@ # ,! F1
# /, # 2;;F_
0!: ! # #! "# $ "/!:" # /"! +
# ) # /&'!J7 ')!" + !"& " / # ! ) # *)! !"*#!
" !"' !)/!:" ' /* ,O!' )" $ *!" / #
! ) # *)! " & !"*#! I /* ,O!' /!/ $
#"!!/ /"/! # !"*#!
*!" #!"/! # */! +
" / # !"*#!
>; >
>1
U # *)! " : !/ "*#! ! # !/"/!# 1EEH
3 %7 MU 7 U 7 U # ! ' / " " !" = " "# *!" /"'"/!" M!"/) + , !/!7 D 2;;;I @B4F5 $22A. 2F1
12
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
$67 % 7 97
%
$67 % 7 97
%
#! # ! "!/7 /!'7 / R/"7 " / "!C: !"*/!:" # AB / /" /!' /" 7# ) # ## +
! # !"*/!:" & /)!# /"* /"/! # / 7 #"
" # # ! * 7 " 2@ # ,! # 2;;F + F1 # /, # *! *
Z * ! *?!/7 !") "# #! # = /!" =
/*" /" /!! # //!:" # = *+ *Z * *" !"' # /"!"C + *+ //!## # "/" )D" 0C) !)"!!/!'7
" " #! !!C: # ,/!:" " # # #! 0,!"
2AF; 4 21@H ' ')!" + BAF / ?5 = "#!" " !
/!" )! " /" !#: /* / # *)! = ` !"*#! /"
' # */! + /+ #!"/! *+ !) 1;< =
"" " &#!# ")" /+ !*/!:" /"!/ *+ >;; * " ' ')!" + *+ 1;;;* " / ?7 #*? # 0, "#
!)" /"!/ # # /*" /!:" 0*#!"?*!/ /* =!/#!7 0!" !:" +
!#C */#7 # ?* " *"/!"# #" # !* 2@
0 * /" /" !## = /!" = " ' !<%
a
$
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
1F
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
R
& !"*#! = "" #" # 2@ !* 0 R
!"0 !! + J0 !! R
' ')!" + / ?
!<%
a
" $
R
& !"*#! = " "" #" # 2@ !* 0
R
!"0 !! R
' ')!" + / ?
=!<%
a
$
R
/!" = " 0!/!" R
/!" = 0!/!" *#!
a
" $
R
/!" = 0!/!" R
/!" # J0 !! 4 & *#! 5
7> !< %
,: " 0O # //!:" # # " / "! " /
/!# 0*)! !"*#! + ' # !C: )!*!" /!" ,"/!:" # 4 B 0 # & #
5 /"//!": " , # # ! # !"*/!:" *# # 0! ! /"!/ + # "'! /!" , # # ,: # *! *
*" ) # /!" /" /* /"
?! -%
" *: , # # # J/b " , # # " )*
# !/ b7 !/: , # 0! /## + , J/ # ! 0
0 #!"/! !)"!!/!' *#!" ' # !C: #*? /?/
# ## ! /" !"' # /"!"C E><7 !#"!!/ / #
! )
D!*7 /" !" # O !, '!, /" 7 !C: "?! !
# ) !:" ) !/ *D!
1@
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
$67 % 7
%
$67 % 7
%
"/"" AB / = #!" /" /!' /" # ) # ## + ! # /"/! # # # ,!. /,
2;;F # F;F <
// !/ /"!/ + #*)?!/ # *, ) # #! " '!"
#!"/! # !/*" !)"!!/!' 7 OC) ' # I /"!* /!! # !## = *: * # ) # #!
,/!:" " #! ' /* // !/ #*)?!/ !)!"$ >B>
< "/!: " !* + 7 H2B < " /"'!'!" + AE>< / # ,
# 0)4, ;15
" *, ) #*!" )# # !" //!:" # /"#! /*
4G;H@25 I ) *? #*!"" # 2; RF@c 4G;EA257 #
!")"& !/ #/# 4G;A;B57 '!" " *+ # / 4
G;A>25 I # /# A B " ' ')!" 4G15I 1 # /# 2 /!" "
*# !* 'C 4 G;@EB5 *,C ): &*!" " " A2@ <
4G;2HE54, ;25
!/ , # 0! /## + , J/ # ! 0 0
#!"/! !)"!!/!' *#!" ' # "/"" @ / /+ '
# " # !/*" !)"!!/!' 4d;;>5
#!" #! "!'!# #*!"" # / # ! )7 "/!:"
# /"! /" " # >>E 4 G;;;;15 + # ) # /&'!J7 ')!" +
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
1>
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
!"& /" " # H@A 4 G;;;157 *, / " ' ')!"4, 215 "" / # ! ) " / ?
!C "?! ! *!'!# '& # ) !:" ) !/ ''!" /"!* # / # ! )7 !"/*"?"# / # "/!:"
# /"! 4GEH> I G;;;;154, 225
, *"/!" = "/"" # / /!# = '!" ' # !)"!!/!'7 "/!:" # /?) 4, 1@5 + /) /" * 4, 1H57 !" *,) " "?! ! "!'!# + *!'!# " #* : = " / # ! )7 /!:" # "D* # / "
/!:" * 4 , 2;5
*#! # #!"/! # */! + " / # # 11>E< 4 / ? $ 12<7 ')!" $1;<54, 1E5 # / #
/!,!" /!" /! !# 7 #*? " @1 / /!,!" )D" ! #
J" *?!/ 4, 1A5
7) 0% - # ?: ! '>' # ! "'! !
( )!, ! '- .!* . /001(
.!
1 ) # "/!*!"
!* + "
2 # !'!
#
"'!'!"
F //!:"
* # / */!"
*#
#!"
!
7!
"
<
"
<
"
<
@@
2F
11
A
AB
@>@
>11
B11
BBH
>;;
>F
22
H
@
AB
>@B
@AE
FAE
FFF
>;;
EH
@>
1A
12
1H2
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
12
12
B2
AB
>@>
@A;
@EB
>;;
1;
1F
BF
AB
@>>
>2
>;@
>;;
22
2>
12>
1H2
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
HH
F
F
F
AB
>;;
@2E
@2E
H>;
>;;
HH
@
@
1
AB
>;;
>H1
>H1
2>;
>;;
1>@
H
H
@
1H2
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
,/!:" # #! /* # , ' " ,7 /#" " " ,"
/"O # !* + 7 " /"'!'!" + /" # , # 0)
7) 0/% - # ?: 4 .> ! '>' # !
"'! ! ( )!, ! '- .!*. /001(
1B
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
$67 % 7
%
.!
@
1 ##
1>.1E
2;.F@
F>
2 M# # !" //!:"
",
!*! !"/*
!*! /*
/"#! !"/*
/"#! /*
!
F # !")"& !/
42c5
#/#42.@c5
)4@c5
e
1A
>E
E
! @
>;; 1A
>;; >E
>;; E
;
>
B
1A
@B
11
AB
H1@
>;;
@B2
@E>
>>;
>;;
H
2B
1H
FB
BFB
@HF
>;;
>;;
7! @
>;;
>;;
>;;
1
2
B
21
@H
E
AB
FB
11A
1A
1;;;
2AB
>;;
>FA
>;>
@>;
>;;
@
2E
1H
FB
FB@
>2H
>;;
>;;
1
H
12
FE
EF
2;
1H2
11
>>
F@
H2
'
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
;EA2
;H@2
;A;B
e )! " # /!" !*!) 7) 01% - # ?: 4 .> ! '>' # !
"'! ! ( )!, ! '- .!*. /001
.!
@ !4@5
4@5
> ! # 3)!"
?
B !##
!*
M" *
H ## M /!"
&*!"
&*!"
&*!"
!
7!
"
<
"
<
BE
1H
AB
>;H
@H2
>;;
BH
1E
AB
@EF 1FB
>2A FB
>;; 1H2
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
BE
1H
AB
>;;
>;;
>;;
BE
1H
AB
>;; 1FA
>;; F@
>;; 1H2
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
@>
@;
1
AB
>2E @;
@BB @B
1;;;
>;; AB
@H1 A>
>F@ AB
1
>;; 1H2
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;
H@
2
AB
@;;
>21
@;;
>;;
B;;
@HE
B;;
>;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1>
BA
F
AB
"
<
2>
1@2
>
1H2
()* +, ! - . /0
;H;A
1
;@@B
;2HE
" # (
1H
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
7) 05% ! "# $ ' A"$$B C ! !
##. D!( ! "'! ! ( )! ! '- .!* . !
/001
#.
D!
")
2@0
2@0
JfG 1;;@
"
H;
1@
2
AB
!
<
>;;
>1E
@;;
>;;
"
H;
1F
F
AB
7!
<
>;;
@A1
B;;
>;;
"
1@;
2H
>
1H2
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
G ;>EF
/!" 4 " ' ')!" + " / ?. 3 /# "J ;15
"" / # ")# = /!# )D" "
*)! !"//!:" !"*"!:!/" /*/!:" F /!" #
) /"7 = "" / = " 0!/!" !" *,) ) #
"?! ! # !/ ' # " : !)"!!/!' " " #!
" # /" !## ")# /* / # ! ) " = 0% C# "$$ ' $ '! C ' '(
#.
D!
$
!
")
d 2@0
gG2@0
"
>@
1@
1
BE
$ '
?
<
HH1
1;;;
>;;
A;2
7!
"
1B
;
1
1H
<
22E
;
>;;
1EA
"
H;
1@
2
AB
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
7) 0% ! "# $ $ C ! < ! .E '( ! "'! ! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001(
< ! .E '
#/#
/!!#
")#
h
JfG1;@@
"
BF
F
F
1H
AB
!
<
@H;
1;;;
B;;
>;;
>;;
"
BH
;
2
1H
AB
7!
<
>F;
;
@;;
>;;
>;;
"
1F;
F
>
F@
1H2
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
G ;2F1
h )! # 7 / ? , *"/!" /"/! #
1A
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
$67 % 7
%
" ,O # #! "/!" = *!": " / ? #" # ) # /" 7
* " ": "!")" " ) # / AB /!" = 0!/!" *)! 7 B "" / # "
/!!# ")# = '" " )*!" # * / !" +
"# " " /*/!:" ) /" #"# # /!" # ' ')!" "" / " 0!/!" 0*)!7 " /!" # / ? # ) /" ": / + " 0!C !" *,) ) #
"?! ! ' # " : # !/*" !)"!!/!'7 / " # /" !## /* / # ! )
7) 0F% ! "# $ $ C ! C# ' !
'<( ! "'! ! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001(
C# '
!*
D!
JfG 2;EA
"
A;
B
AB
!
<
@AA
H>
>;;
"
A@
2
AB
7!
<
>12
2>
>;;
"
1B@
A
1H2
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
G ;2HH
" ) # / 7 B /!" "" / # *,C *D! 0!/!" 7 # / @ " ' ')!"7 2 / " / ? 4
3 /# "J ;25 " /*/!:" ) /" #"# 2 # AB "" / " 0!/!" )*" ) # "?! ! ' # " : # !/*" !)"!!/!' " " #!7 *,C *D! "
/" !## /* / # ! ) = 0/% C# "$$ ' .< ' #.2
#C!'!, C ' '(
C# '
$
!
!*
D!
"
B>
@
BE
$ '
?
<
A12
BBB
A;2
"
1>
2
1H
7!
<
1AA
FF@
1EA
"
A;
B
AB
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
7) 0G% ! "# $ $ C ' ! > ( !
"'! ! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001(
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
1E
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
$ ! "
#/#
H2
/ :*!/ @
H
F
AB
JfG F2
!
<
@AE
@;;
>AF
1;;;
>;;
"
H>
B
>
;
AB
7!
<
>11
B;;
@1H
;
>;;
"
1@H
1;
12
F
1H2
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
G ;BF2
AB /!" = 0!/!" 7 @ "" / /!# ,#! "/!:" !" #,!# */ * # 7 # " ' ')!"I "
"" */ :*!/ " / ? " /*/!:" ) /" "
#"# "" B /!" /" / " 0!/!" !" *,) ' # " : # !/*" !)"!!/!' 4dG ;;;>57 " " # /" !# /* / # ! )
7) 0H% ! "# $ $ C < ! .E '( !
"'! ! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001(
< ! .E '
!
h
JfG ;FE2
"
2
BH
1H
AB
!
<
@;;
>;F
>;;
>;;
"
F
BB
1H
AB
7!
<
B;;
@EH
>;;
>;;
"
>
1FF
F@
1H2
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
G ;A22
h $ /!" / # 7 ": " / ? !"#//!:" !# #"
# ) # /" 7 *? " ": "!")" " ) # / # AB /!" = 0!/!" 7 "" / # !"#//!:" # ,O
# = " ' ')!" I " /*/!:" F /!" # ) /" =
"" / " 0!/!" !" *,) ) # "?! ! ' # " : # !/*" !)"!!/!'7 " " /" !## / # !)
7) 0I% ! "# $ $ C < '! 'D
! " !-( ! "'! ! ( )! ! '- .!*
. ! /001(
2;
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
$67 % 7
%
= '!
'D
"
2
A@
AB
!
JfG2;2@
!
<
1;;;
@E@
>;;
"
;
AB
AB
7!
<
;
>;B
>;;
"
2
1H;
1H2
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
G ;@EH
"" 2 / # /" '! = " / ? =
'!" /* / /"#!/!"" # *)! #! !:" ":*!/ W
"/!" # D !" *,) ' # " # !/*" !)"!!/!'7 " " # /"/! = " / # ! ) 7 /, =
#" # # #! ": " / # * *"7 / # /" '! /+ / # * " $ 0** !"7 0/N
0!'&*!/7 /#! !!
7) 0% ! "# $ $ C ! = J #! !
'!, ! " !-( ! "'! ! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001(
#
'!
!
JfGF;>F
"
@
A2
AB
!
<
1;;;
@AA
>;;
"
;
AB
AB
7!
<
;
>12
>;;
"
@
1BA
1H2
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
G ;2@B
@ /!" = 0!/!" *)! "" / # #0"/!
"* # /"7 # / 2 " ' ')!" + 2 / ?4 3 /#
"J ;F57 " "!")" # / !C: ! /* )! "
/!" = 0+" "# / + " 0+" 0/0 !" *,) '
# " # !/*" !)"!!/!' " " #! " #
/"/! = /! * /"! / # ! ) " " " !
= 01% C# "$$ ' J #! ! '!, C ' '(
#
'!
$
!
!
"
2
BH
BE
$ '
?
<
>;;
A1H
1;;;
"
2
1>
1H
()* +, ! - . /0
7!
<
>;;
1AF
1;;;
" # (
"
@
A2
AB
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
21
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
7) % ! "# $ $ C < '!( ! "'! ! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001(
< '!
"
F@
>2
AB
!
JfG1EFA
!
<
HE1
@;F
>;;
"
E
HH
AB
7!
<
2;E
>EH
>;;
"
@F
12E
1H2
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
G;;;;
F@ /!" 7# ' ')!"7 # AB = 0!/!" "" / # "/!:" # /"! 7 " /*/!:" ) /" #"# : E
"" / + " 0!/!" ' # / :
# !/*" !)"!!/!' 4dG;;;>5 I ) # "?! ! # ) !:" ) !/
*D! ): /"/ !:" # = "/!:" # /"! " / #
! ) 7) /% ! "# $ $ C - 'D( ! "'! ! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001(
- 'D
!
JfG1@HE
"
1;
HB
AB
!
<
>AA
@E;
>;;
"
H
HE
AB
7!
<
@12
>1;
>;;
"
1H
1>>
1H2
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
G;FF1
1; /!" # ) # / "" / # "/#" # /!)
!" '!7 # / H " / ? + F ' ')!"4 ' /#
"J ;@5 , = " ) # ')!" F / 0!/!"
" "/ !*" / # /!) !" '! " ) # / ? # H / = 0!/!" 7 : 2 # 0!/!" / # /!) !" '! = )" !" ! /*7 > / " 0!/!" " "/ !*" / " ) /" #"#
H "" / + " 0!/!" !" *,) ' # " :
# !/*" !)"!!/!'7 " " # /" !## /* / #
! ) = 05( C# "$$ ' - 'D, C ' '(
22
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
$67 % 7
%
- 'D
$
D !
!
F
BB
BE
<
F;;
ABA
A;2
?
7!
"
H
1;
1H
"
1;
HB
AB
<
H;;
1F2
1EA
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
7) 1% ! "# $ $ C < ? !( !
"'! ! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001(
< ? !
"
B
A;
AB
!
JfGB12H
!
<
"
1;;;
@A2 AB
>;; AB
7!
<
"
B
>1A 1BB
>;; 1H2
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
G;;2E
"" B / # = '!" / # "/!:" # /?) 7
# / " " ' ')!"7" 0, "!")" /!" = 0+
"# / # "/!:" # /?) " ) /" ' # " #! # !/*" !)"!!/!' = #* = J! "
/!/!:" /" I !" *,) " "?! ! # ) !:" *D! " /"!*:
= " / # ! ) " 7 /!:" # "D* # / "
/!:" * 7) 5% ! "# $ $ C >D=, D 4 K '>( ! "'! ! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001(
!
h
JfG2BFA2
"
F;
FE
1H
AB
!
<
AA2
FH>
>;;
>;;
"
@
B>
1H
AB
7!
<
11A
B2>
>;;
>;;
"
F@
1;@
F@
1H2
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
G;;;;
h$ /!" " / # F; /!" # AB = 0!/!" 7 "" / # ) # /&'!J7
')!" +W !"&7 # / " ' ')!"I " /*/!:" )
/"" #"# ": @ / = '!" / + " 0!/!" ' #
: # !/*" !)"!!/!' 4dG;;;>57 ) # "?! ! # ) !:"
*D! ): /"/ !:" # = " / # ! ) ()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
2F
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
7) % ! "# $ $ C = J##( ! "'!
! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001
"## !
JfGF;>F
"
F
AF
AB
!
<
1;;;
@E1
>;;
"
;
AB
AB
7!
<
;
>;E
>;;
"
F
1BE
1H2
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
G ;2@B
# , ' = F /!" = "" / 0!/!" *)!
0**7 /, *"/!" = F " ' ')!"7 " )! " /!" = 0" "# / + " 0+" 0/0 7 !" *,)
' # " # !/*" !)"!!/!' " #!7 " " # /"/! = "/! # 0** " / # ! ) " "
" !
7) F% "# $ $ C !'- ' #( !
"'! ! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001
!'- '
#
"
/* !W /* ! F
,! ;
@
/* ! i,!
1
/* ! i
1
HH
AB
JfG11@F>
!
<
2;
;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
>1B
>;;
12
2
H2
AB
7!
<
"
A; 1>
1;; 2
@
1
1
@A@ 1@E
>;; 1H2
<
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
1;;;
G;;@F
"" E / # /) /" * /* " D"!/ /
/!#7 # / A " / ? + 1 ' ')!"7 #! !,!# # !)!" *$ / ?$ F / # /* ! W /* !7 @ / #
7 1 / # /* ! *? ' ')!"$ 1 / # /* !
*? :,! , *"/!" = # E / # " " / # = ): 0! /* " ) /" "/"" 1@ /!" =
"" / /!# /) /" * + " 0!/!" ' #
: # !/*" !)"!!/!' ) # "?! ! # ) !:" ) !/
*D! " # /"/! = / # ! )7 /!:" # "D* #
/ " /!:" * 7) L G% =' '!#? ! "# $ $( ! "'!
! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001
2@
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
$67 % 7
%
!( ! * ='
$!#?
M @
/!" ! !#
!)!" W */
" !:" ")"
!)!" W */ i " !:"
")"
@>
2F
H
11
AB
>2F
2BH
A2
12A
1;;;
7) L H% : "# ! "# $ $( ! "'! !
( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001
"#
( ?=( !"/! # A<
D<
2;< 11>EHH< 2BHHE
"#
( ?=( 3)!"
/ ?
A<
E<
2;< 1;<
1>< 12<
7) I% ! "# $ $( ! "'! ! ( )!
! '- .!* . ! /001
'
!"
. "/!:" # /"!
;;;;1 2@H
.
) /'!/ ')!"
;;;;1 21B
. "/!:" # /?)
;;2E ;;;;
. ) /" *
;;@F ;;;;
. /!:" # ,O # 4 /!!#7 ")#5 ;2F1 ;;;;
. #0"/! "* # /"
;2@B ;;;;
. **
;2@B ;;;;
. *, D!
;2HH ;;;;
. !) !" '!
;FF1 ;1@A@
./ * ;FB2 ;;;;
./" '!
;@EH ;;;;
. !!##
;>1BB ;BBH
. ")#
;>EF ;;;;
. "#//!:" # ,O # ;A22 ;;;;
. !* !"
1
;;;;
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
I@
?J
12B2
2>AH
1BE
12
1>
B@BH
AA;@
@FA
F@A2B>
11HA
2F@;
22FF@
1;A@
;B
1H>B
>>E
H@A
A211
@HB
BFH
HEF2
2A>
F1
1A1
1
1E;A
1221
;F2
;B>
1B>B
2>
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
# , ' = # # / @ # '!" " ' # =
" # !/*" !)"!!/!' 7 !" *,) ) # "?! ! # ) !:"
) !/7 ' # ## ! # : 2 # "/"" !"/!# #"
# E><
7) L /0% ?! D ! : ! "# $ $( ! "'!
! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001
.!
"/!:" # /"!
) /'!/ ')!"
I@
$
!" ?J
>>E 2@H 12B2 ;;;;1
H@A 21B 2>AH ;;;;1
7) L /% ?! #!D ! : ! "# $ $( ! "'!
! ( )! ! '- .!* . ! /001
.!
"/!:" # /"!
) /'!/ ')!"
I@
$
!" ?J
EH> FAH 2@BF ;;;;1
B;E 1H2 21>H ;;;>1
# /"/! = " /!" = ' J / # ! ) #
"/!:" # /"! ' E7H> '/ *? ,,!!## # ! " "
/*/!:" /" = " '!" J / # /!"
= "" / # # ) /'!/ ')!" '!" B;E '/ *?
,,!!## # ! " " /*/!:" # = " "" /
L 0/% "$$ $7
$ N
2B
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
<
.M " # @;
:
"(
='
) /" * 4
5
F "!## # ")
1F<
")#
/!:" ! !#
1F<
!) # /"/!#
/!:" ! !#
1;<
/!:" ! !#
12<
/* ! i /!:" ! !#
1;<
/* ! '
/!:" ! !#
1;<
/! * /"!
2 "!## # ")
1;<
/! * /"!7
/" '!
2 "!## # ")
!) !" '!
F "!## # ")
1 "!## # ")
/ /!#
J" /* !
2 / # !)!"
!) # /"/!#
" / # !)!"
J 1><
.
.!*!) F>
J . ")# 42 # 5
.
.M " # FE J . # "!
. 4B 5
./!) FA J . W .!*!) @; J ./* ! '
.
.!*!) F1 J ./* ! '
.
.M " FB J . # "! 4@5
. 4/:!/ 0/ A*5
.M " @1
J ./" '!
. # "! 2 '
. J0 !!$ 11<
.M " # FH
. # "! 2'
. # ! /*$
. !"
.M " FB J E<
. # "!
.
!)": !/
!"/!
1@<
.)"#!) "
# 2A J ./* ! '
.*,C )*
.)"#!) FA J
1;<
.Y*# " ,#*"
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
2H
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
<
:
"(
='
12<
/" '!
2 / # !)!" i
1 "!## # ")
12<
/* !
./* ! '
.*,C )*
.)"#!) FH J 1;<
" / # !)!" i
1 "!## # ")
!) # /"/!#
. # "!
.M " FA
1 / # !)!" i 1
"!## # ")
!) !" '
2 / # !)!" i
1 "!## # ")
1 / # !)!" i 1
"!## # ")
[
.M " FH
J ./" '! .M " # FB J 11<
. # "!
. # 0! /*$
. !"
.M " # 2H
1F<
.
. 4H 5
. # 0! /*$
.- # '!
!"#$#%
%& '#(!$& %& $&) %& # *&$$#)# +! +#$!
2A
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
$67 % 8(
$67 % 8(
/"/! # " ! )! " #" # # ,!.
/, # 2;;F7 )D" " #! # F;F < 4 ? $ 2 BF<7 ')!"$
F21<57 /! *" = "/"# " ,O # !"' !)/!:" !C# " *! * 0 ! #" # # !*, # 1EEA !/!*, # 1EEE /+ Q # ! ' / " " !" = " "# *!"
>2
/"'"/!" Q7 #"# !*: /"/! # " "B A<
#!
,!/# " 1EEF /+ Q / / # *)! " !
!"*#! # :/!/ S7 !C# " ! !:! ""7 /"/!
>F >
!*# # H <
" !"' !)/!:" !C# " = ' /* Q
# *)! " . :/!/ !"*#!S7 !C# # " #
>@
1EE2 !/!*, # 1EEB7#"# /"/+: = /"/! # # ;2E<
@7 "= " #! /!' " #"# J! " *! , )! * !"#!/ " 7 #,!# ,* " !* /"!## # ")
#!#7 !"/!#"/! # ' " #!" #! " 2> 1B< /"/! 0# # F;F<
>2
3 %7 MU 7 U 7 U # ! ' / " " !" = " "# *!" /"'"/!" M!"/) + , !/!7 D 2;;;I @B4F5 $22A. 2F1
>F >
>@ @
U # *)! " : !/ "*#! ! # !/"/!# 1EEH
U *)! ! !/"/!# 1EEF
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
2E
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
" ,O # !"' !)/!:" , / # ! ) # *)!
.7 #! / . /" " ! /!" )! " #" # # ,!. /, 2;;F7 " !" "/#" # #! '! !C# /"
*! * #! Z *#:)!/7 /" / #" /* + #! /!7 /" !# " ,O /* !""'#
!C: "?! ! # 2B '!, /""!# " + # ,"!# # "'! /!" 7 / " )# !)!" // !/ $
!!/!:" + "/#" *" 7 # , &!/ + # /"!/ . , &!/ " " !"' !)/!:" "/": = " A1 < '!" *)! >> >B
!" / /"/!#7 " /*/!:" Z# " " / ,!/#
7 #"#
!"#!/" = # / # /" " *O !" / /"/!#
# " "?! ! # ) !:" ) !/ : "/"" # /
# ! ) /!# 7 / " "/!:" # /"! /"
" # EH> + G;;;1 # " ' ')!"I + # ) #
/&'!J7 ')!" + !"& /" " # B;E + G ;;;>7 !)*" # / "
' ')!"
# / # ! ) "/"# " "?! ! "!'!# " /"!*#
" "?! ! *!'!#7 "!"# " *+ C # / # ! ) "/!:"
# /"! " ) # 1>.1E Z "" 1B / # 0*)! ' ')!" + # / # " / ? " ) # 2;.F@
Z 0,!" @B / # " ' ')!" + 1F / " / ? " ) d : G F>Z 0,!" H / # " '
')!" + 2 / " / ?* , ## " !"+ "
/ # *)! >>
P
MUM, !* *" *!+ 1EE> I " !"#0 '!V7 "+ ! "#
!*!" )+M"'$ V# 00 )"!C!"7 1EE>.2;;1
>B
0$WW !",' #)WW* X!" W0*)!0*2;;F R.
F;
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
(
(
" " !"' !)/!:" #* = / # ! ) !#"!!/# "
" #! # / + /" " "/!:" # /"! +
# ) # /&'!J7 ')!" + !"&7 # / "" " '
')!" *? " ": "!")D" / # ! ) # !/*" #* # " / ? #* = " /!" = ": / # ! ) #
"/!:" # /"! ' EH '/ *? ! ) # 0/ " "
/*/!:" = " "" / )*" " /!" = ": / # ! ) # # ) # /&'!J7 ')!"7 !"& ' B;E '/ *? ! ) #
0/ " " /*/!:" 0 = " "" / # ! )
/"/! # !"*#! " ! /!" )! " 7 #"
# # #! # F;F<
*#! # #!"/! # 0*/! + " / # !"*#! 11>E<
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
F1
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
F2
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
(
(
/*!"# !#"!!/ / # ! ) # " 7 #" + # & #
* / # ! ) " " " !"' !)/!:" "/!:" #
/"! 7 /*!"# 0/ " '! !:" !O # /"
*! * *# /*!"# !C '! !" # /" # " /!"
= 0+" "# / /!# " # ) # /&'!J7 ')!" !"&
#, *O /!## # "/!:" # /!" #" + ! !"*#!7 /!*" #" # !* 0 '"! "*" " / # *)! .7 #, !"#/!
?/!/ , # " '!#"/! 7# ,O / 7 = '") " /* / # *"O /!' # # # *,*!"
/*!"# !#"!!/7 =& !" !"# ()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
FF
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
F@
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
).! :-
).! :-
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.Global estimates of maternal mortality for 1995 ;
results of an indepth review, analysis and estimation strategy.Geneva: world health
organization, 1995-2001
OPS - USAID. Prevención de la hemorragia posparto: Manejo activo del tercer periodo
del trabajo de parto.2002.
http:// perinatal.bvsalud.org/E/temas_perinatales/hemorragia.htm.2003.CLAP
–OPS-OMS.
QUADIR KG, IS H, WANIS. El manejo activo del alumbramiento disminuye la incidencia
de hemorragia puerperal. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1997, 177 : 770 –4.
SANDOVAL J, GUTIERREZ M, DIAZ N, PAZ P. Uso del Misoprostol por vía rectal en
Atonía uterina que no responde al tratamiento convencional. Ginecología y
Obstetricia, Perú. 2000; 46(3) :228- 231.
PACHECO JL.Ginecología y obstetricia. 1° Edición. Lima: Mad Corp.1999: 1206-1211.
CLAP. Guía basada en evidencias : Manejo de la Hemorragia Post Parto. Novedades
del CLAP, No 16, Abril 2002
Encuesta Demográfica de Salud. 2000
LI XF,FORTHEY JA,KOTELCHMUCHM, GLOVER LH. The pospartum period: The key
to maternal mortality. Int j Ginecol obstet, 1996; 54: 1-10.
WILLIAM E. ROBERT MD. Tratamiento Obstétrico urgente de la hemorragia posparto.
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
F>
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
En : Clínicas de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Temas actuales. Vol 2, 1995: 265- 182.
CRUZ BV, LOO CF, ACOSTA CM, CACERES BY. Mortalidad Materna Institucional
-IMP. Revista del Instituto Materno Perinatal.1996: 17-22.
McCORMICK ML. Preventing pospartum hemorrhage in low_resource settings. Inter J
Ginecol Obstet. 2002, 77:267-275.
FINGER WR. Las muertes maternas ocurren en el posparto, cuando no suele haber
estrategias preventivas. Network en español, 1997. Vol 17, N° 4.
SUAREZ NE. Hemorragia Puerperal. Tesis Licenciada. UPSMP.1993.
RAMIREZ CM. Causas de Hemorragia en el Post parto Eutósico Inmediato. Tesis de
Licenciada. UPSMP.1997.
BASTIDA MN. Hemorragia posparto. Gineco-obstetricia. México, DF.2002.Año 25. N°
291.
BOTERO UJ, JUBIZ HA, HENAO G. Obstetricia y Ginecología. Sexta Edición. 2000:
308- 312.
PEREZ SA, DONOSO SE. Obstetricia. Tercera Edición. Chile; Publicaciones Técnicas
Mediterráneo, 1999: 322-325.
CUNNINGHAM, McDONALD, GANT, LEVENO, GILSTRAP, HANKINS, CLARK.
Williams Obstetricia. 20a Edición.1999:707-724.
MONGRUT SA. Tratado de Obstetricia Normal y Patológica. Cuarta Edición.
Perú,200:652- 655.
SCHWARCZ, DUVERGES CA, DIAZ AG, FESCINA RH. Obstetricia. Quinta Edición.
Argentina, Ed. El Ateneo, 1995:533- 538.
PALACIOS JM. Hemorragias Obstétricas Graves. OBGYN.net Latina
Publicaciones.2001.
MALVINO E, Mc LOUGHLIN D. Hemorragias Obstétricas Graves en el período peri
parto. Lecciones de Medicina Crítica. 2001.
VARNER M. Postpartum hemorrhage. Critical care clis 1991;74(4):883- 887.
MARTÍN M. Health Library A-Z. El embarazo de Alto Riesgo. La Hemorragia post parto.
2000.
SECRETARIA GENERAL DE SALUD.Dirección General de Salud Reproductiva.
Lineamiento técnico para le prevención, diagnostico y manejo de la hemorragia
obstétrica. México 2000.
FIGUEROA LTD. Obstetricia, Semiología, Diagnóstico Clínico y Tratamiento. Segunda
Edición. Lima; Empresa Editora Nueva Facultad, 1999 : 49-56.
LLACA RV, FERNANADEZ AJ. Obstetricia Clínica. Primera Edición. México, McGrawHill Interamericana Editores. 200:453-455.
SOCIEDAD PERUANA DE GINECOLOGÍA Y OBSTETRICIA. XIV Congreso Peruano
de Obstetricia y Ginecología. 2002:35.
FB
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
;
;
3 7
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
FH
! "# $ $ # % & ! ! "'!
! ( )!* !!+, ! '- .!* . ! /001(
O 7
%
FA
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
;
()* +, ! - . /0
" # (
FE