Meeting famous people around the world

ENGLISH
Unit
1
MEETING FAMOUS PEOPLE
AROUND THE WORLD
Objectives:
At the end of the unit you will be able to:
Understand oral and written vocabulary related to personality traits
of famous people, life accomplishments, dreams and wishes by
listening to classmates, teachers and authentic audio material and
reading texts.
Produce spoken and written discourse related to personality traits
of famous people, life accomplishments, dreams and wishes by
using concrete vocabulary and functions.
Unit 1
Meeting Famous People
Around The World
Listening
Grammar
Speaking
Vocabulary
Reading
Pronunciation
Writing
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Personality traits
and professional
background of
famous people
Life
accomplishments
of famous people
Life
accomplishments
of famous people
Life
accomplishments
of famous people
Dreams and
wishes
Unit guidelines
In this unit, you will read biographies that discuss both the achievements and personal lives of famous people. You
will also be reviewing the present perfect tenses, times clauses and different meanings of “used to”. By studying
vocabulary related to both character traits and arranging events in chronological order, you will become more
comfortable writing and discussing biographies. You will also write and speak about your dreams and wishes, as well
as those of others.
Introduction: Hands on!
In this unit, you will work on a project called “Speaking about famous people”. You will choose a famous person to
research and prepare an oral presentation about that person after collecting biographical information from different
sources. You will select specific details about that person’s life that you feel are important to share, as well as an
anecdote that both captures the attention of others and reveals something about the person you are discussing.
192 English - Eleventh Grade
Lesson 1
Unit One
How did they become so famous?
Getting started!
How do you describe people?
What makes people famous?
How do we relate one event to another through the use of a time clause?
Achievement indicators
I can successfully complete a listening guide with information from
a biography.
Conversation and more
I can successfully scan an article for specific information.
A: Well, there are a lot of good, young writers out there,
and a lot of them are looking for work. You know that
summer in ´72 when they first sent me out, I didn’t have
any real experience. These days, when they hire writers,
most of them have been published in their college
newspapers or written a blog. Back then people like me
could get lucky and start from zero.
Listen to and read the following conversation. Look up
any new words in a dictionary.
A: Hello?
B: Hi, may I speak with Tim Grazer?
A: This is he.
B: Hi, my name is Carlos. I got your number from
Activity
Sandy Grazer.
A: Ah, what can I do for you?
B: If you’re not busy, I wanted to ask you a few questions
about your work and how you got started as a
professional writer.
A: Well, I can tell you that I didn’t start off as a columnist. I
was still in school studying literature when I took a part
time job at what was then called The Richmond Gazette.
That paper doesn’t exist anymore, but at the time, they
hired me to write the police report section. I say “write”
but all I did was summarize the major crimes that the
police reported. I got my first break during the elections
in ‘72. They were short staffed and asked me if I’d go out
and cover the state elections. I’d say that that is when I
actually started writing. You know, I think that it’s a lot
harder now to get into the business than it used to be.
B: Why is that?
Glossary:
Blog: short for web log, it is a journal posted on the internet.
Break: can be used to mean opportunity.
1
After reading and listening to the dialogue above, answer the
following questions.
Why did Carlos call Tim?
What does Sandy’s uncle Tim do at the Richmond Times?
3. When Tim began working, was he doing the same
job he does now?
4. What was Tim sent to write about during the
summer of 1972?
5. Did Tim have a lot of experience as a journalist
when he began working for the newspaper?
1. 2. Short staffed: lack of workers or staff.
Columnists: usually write opinion pieces which is different from being a reporter.
Eleventh Grade - English 193
UNIT 1
Time to read
Read the following article by Roger Di Silvestro from
National Wildlife magazine. Look up any new words in a
dictionary.
Orca Numbers Down in Puget Sound
An ongoing survey of killer whales, also known as orcas,
in Puget Sound has reported the loss of seven of the
animals in what could be the biggest decline in 10 years.
Puget Sound is home to three orca pods now totaling 83
animals, each pod lost at least one member.
The seven animals include one female that was a greatgreat-grandmother and two babies that vanished the
week they were born. Loss of these animals could be a
result of natural mortality, says Ken Balcomb, a senior
scientist with the Center for Whale Research on San
Juan Island. The older animal was nearing maximum life
span, and about half of orca young die as babies. “For the
others, they were all in their prime,” Balcomb says. “We
had only one that was even close to the average life span.”
The loss of two females of breeding age was especially
serious, Balcomb says, because their deaths reduce the
sound’s breeding females to only 10 individuals.
Balcomb blames the decline on a dwindling supply of
chinook salmon, which studies show account for 80
percent of the diet for Puget Sound’s killer whales. About
half of the historic salmon stocks coming out of local
rivers are extinct. Individual salmon stocks are listed as
endangered or threatened, but the fish continue to be
taken by a sportfishing industry that accounts for $500
million yearly in license fees alone in British Columbia.
The fish also are also captured in commercial fishing nets.
Although measures are taken to reduce the catch of listed
stocks in U.S. waters, these measures are not effective
enough, Balcomb says, because anglers cannot readily
identify and release fish from listed stocks, as required
by law. Off Canadian waters, the fish can still be legally
taken. “My solution to the orca problem,” says Balcomb,
“is to stop all fishing.”
Glossary:
Salmon stocks: salmon reserves.
Endangered: at risk of extinction.
194 English - Eleventh Grade
Activity
2
Answer the following questions about the reading.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. How many orcas were reported lost in Puget Sound
in the recent survey?
What percentage of orcas die as babies?
How many breeding female orcas are estimated to
remain in the Puget Sound?
What is the main component of the orca’s diet?
How does the government of British Columbia
benefit from the sportfishing industry?
How would Ken Balcomb like to solve the
orca problem?
Anglers: fisherman.
UNIT 1
Language in use
Time clauses
Phrases that begin with words such as: while, when,
whenever, before, after, as soon as, until, since, etc. are
classified as time clauses. Time clauses are a type of
dependant (subordinate) clause and are usually paired
with a main (independent) clause to form a
complete sentence.
For example, consider this sentence: “While I was eating
lunch, the fire alarm rang.” In this case, the time clause,
“while I was eating my lunch,” lets us know when the
main clause, “the fire alarm rang,” occurred.
Look at the examples of time clauses. Notice that when
a time clause appears at the beginning of a sentence, it
is separated from the main clause by a comma. When
the sentence begins with the main clause, no comma is
needed.
3
2.
3.
4.
5.
Time clause
while we were talking.
after watching TV.
Time clause
While I was sick,
Before Paul went to
bed,
After we finished
working,
Until they arrived,
Main clause
I missed a lot of school.
he called Mary to say
goodnight.
Before they arrive,
When I was studying,
We haven’t seen her
Until the problem was solved,
He finished the project
since she got in the pool.
as soon as it got dark.
we went out for a drink.
we couldn't relax.
Activity
Activity
Decide whether each of the following is a main (MC) clause
or a dependent time clause (DTC).
1.
Main clause
The phone rang
I ate dinner
She hasn't stopped
swimming
We went inside
4
Change the order of the clauses in these sentences. Add or
omit commas where necessary.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. She got a job after she graduated.
Since he came back from Canada, we haven’t
seen him.
I called her up as soon as I heard the news.
Until the rain stopped, we didn’t continue
our trip.
When Karla was turning on the computer, the
electricity went off.
What for?
When telling a story or describing events or activities, it is important to be
comfortable with time clauses. Correct use of these expressions will help you
to describe the order in which events occur as well as the relationship between
different events or actions.
Eleventh Grade - English 195
UNIT 1
Enrich your vocabulary
As you know, adjectives are words that describe nouns.
The following are examples of adjectives that can be used
to describe someone’s personality:
funny
serious
outgoing
shy
angry
happy
hard working
lazy
What for?
5
Activity
As mentioned above, adjectives are words that
describe nouns. There are also many descriptive
words that are not adjectives. For example, in the
phrase “he read his new book quietly”, the words
“new” and “quietly” are both descriptive but only
one is an adjective.
In this phrase, “new” is the adjective because it
describes the book (a noun). “Quietly” is not an
adjective, it is an adverb because it is describing
how he read (a verb).
Listen to the personality traits being described. Identify the adjective that best fits these traits.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
selfish, interesting, generous
comical, honest, grateful
spoiled, clever, easygoing
punctual, bland, skeptical
big mouth, depressing, pushy
Activity
Change the following words into adjectives.
1.
create
2. discipline
3. dedicate
4. thought
5. open mind
6. talk
7. religion
8. forget
9. interest
10. disgust
196 English - Eleventh Grade
6
UNIT 1
Time to read
Listen to and read the achievements of famous people in different disciplines. Look up any new words in a dictionary.
A. Ludwig van Beethoven is one of the great
composers of Western music. His _(1)_ were used
as models for composers of the _(2)_ period who
saw him as a founding figure of their movement.
B. Rubén Darío, the great _(3)_ poet of the late 19th
and early 20th centuries is remembered as the father
of the modernism movement in Spanish literature.
His works have had great _(4)_ on Latin American
writers. In addition to his writings, Darío is also
remembered for his work as a _(5)_.
C. Thomas Edison was a prolific _(6)_ . Among his
many inventions are the record player and the first
_(7)_ light bulb.
D. Muhammad Ali is remembered as one of the
greatest _(8)_ in the history of boxing. He won the
world heavyweight title three different times.
E. Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding
_(9)_ of the United States of America. He was a
gifted diplomat who was credited with securing
the allegiance of France which helped make the
American _(10)_ possible.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7
Activity
Listen to the achievements of famous people again. Identify the missing words below.
inventor
legends
influence
compositions
useable
diplomat
Romantic
Fathers
Revolution
Nicaraguan
Eleventh Grade - English 197
UNIT 1
Enrich your vocabulary
Learn to use the following words and phrases related
to time.
as soon as: We will eat as soon as everyone gets here.
by the time: By the time we arrive, there will not be
any cake.
after: He took a shower after coming home.
since: I haven’t been to Apastepeque since I was a
little kid.
before: It is good to stretch before doing exercise.
8
Activity
Fill in the blanks using the vocabulary below.
while
when
until
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. whenever
before
since
after
as soon as
by the time
Nobody has been in that house ___ the
owner died.
I don’t have any plans today. I can come over
___ you want.
The busses run ___ 10:00 pm.
I called here ___ I heard she was feeling sick.
It’s too late. The store will be closed ___ you
get there.
I headed home ___ it started to rain.
Hands on! 1A
For the Hand’s on! project in this unit,you will prepare an
oral presentation about a famous person. You will need
to look for and interpret information about the person
you will be presenting. Before choosing and researching a
famous person, consider the questions below. Answer the
following questions using complete sentences.
1. What makes someone famous?
2. Is there characteristic, attitude, or circumstance that all famous people have in common?
3. How do newspapers, radio, TV, and the internet influence or contribute to our view of famous people?
198 English - Eleventh Grade
Don’t forget!
Many adjectives can be formed from nouns by adding
suffixes (letters at the end. such as:-ous, -ive, -ed, -ing,
-ful, etc.
For instance, by adding –ful to the verb forget, the
adjective “forgetful” is formed.
UNIT 1
9
Activity
Complete the following sentences using the information from
the pictures.
1. While she was riding the horse,
Activity
10
The first three sentences of the paragraph below contain time
clauses. Rewrite these sentences changing the order of the time
clause and the main clause. Remember that you may need to
add or remove a comma.
“Mother Teresa suffered a heart attack in Rome in 1983
while visiting Pope John Paul II. After a second attack in
1989, she received an artificial pacemaker. In 1991, after
a battle with pneumonia while in Mexico, she suffered
further heart problems. She offered to resign her position
as head of the Missionaries of Charity, but the nuns of
the order, in a secret ballot, voted for her to stay. Mother
Teresa agreed to continue her work as head of the order.”
2.
When the little boy shouted,
3. As soon as I got home,
4. After we ate dinner,
Lesson core
In this lesson you have reviewed time clauses
and how they are related to the main clause as
well as the use of the comma to separate the
two clauses when the time clause comes first.
You have read texts and listened to an interview
containing biographical information. You have
scanned articles looking for specific information
and reviewed vocabulary related to adjectives that
describe personality and famous people.
Eleventh Grade - English 199
UNIT 1
1
Which is a two-word verb equivalent
to “delay”?
a) put off
b) find out
c) go off
d) go over
4
Which of the following is a time clause?
a) I sent the fax
b) He made an appointment
c) When we saw the house,
d) She complained about the noise
2. a
3. a
2
Rearrange the following sentence
containing a time clause: We came home
after nightfall.
a) After nightfall, we came home.
b) After nightfall home we came.
c) After we came home, nightfall.
d) We came home the night after the fall.
3
1. b
Choose the letter that best answers each question.
Which of the following choices is the
correct adjective derived from the
word aggression?
a) aggressor
b) aggressive
c) aggressed
d) aggressful
Answers:
Self evaluation
4. c
CHANGING HISTORY
Some individuals are credited with changing
the course of history. Mahatma Gandhi is such
an example. Gandhi was a leader of the Indian
independence movement against Great Britain.
He and his followers practiced non-violent civil
disobedience as a form of resistance against
excessive taxation, discrimination, and colonial
rule. Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated in New
Delhi, India on January 30, 1948.
200 English - Eleventh Grade
Lesson 2
Unit One
Getting started!
When did he achieve that?
Can you name people who have achieved fame very early in life?
How do the opinions of biographers influence the way we view the
people they write about?
To you, what is the definition of “success”?
What’s the difference between voiced and unvoiced consonants?
Achievement indicators
I can take notes and summarize information from written and oral
sources.
I can paraphrase most of the personal and professional information
from a video or radio interview.
Conversation and more
Listen to and read the conversation below. Some words
have been omitted from the transcript. Look up any new
words in a dictionary.
A: Did you see the movie about the _(1)_ of
Helen Keller?
B: No, I didn’t. Helen Keller was the woman who was
_(2)_ to see or hear right.
A: Yes, she became _(3)_ and deaf after getting sick
as an infant. The amazing thing is that she learned
how to _(4)_.
B: How did she do that?
A: Her teacher Anne Sullivan began by spelling
words in the palm of Helen’s hand.
B: But how did Helen _(5)_ that her teacher was
spelling words?
A: Her _(6)_ word was water. Her teacher spelled the
word water on Helen’s hand while running cold
water over their hands.
B: It’s hard to _(7)_ learning to speak that way.
A: Yes, she learned to read braille and she studied
French, _(8)_, Greek and Latin.
B: That’s amazing.
Activity
1
After listening to the previous conversation, identify the
missing words.
Activity
2
Answer the following questions about the conversation.
1.
What happened to Helen Keller as an infant that
made her go deaf and blind?
2. Who was Helen Keller’s teacher?
3. How did Helen Keller learn new words?
4. After Helen Keller learned to read by touch, what are
some of the languages she studied?
Eleventh Grade - English 201
UNIT 1
Enrich your vocabulary
Activities people excel at
Do you participate in any of these activities?
soccer
baseball
swimming
weight lifting
bicycling
basketball
painting
sculpture
playing music
acting
surfing
writing
Activity
Fill in the blanks in the sentences below. You may need to use
a dictionary.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What for?
In English, the word “touch” is used to describe
physical contact between two objects but it is
not used for making music. When talking about
making music, remember to use the word “play”.
3
Activity
Answer the questions below with your own information.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is you favorite soccer team?
Are you able to play any musical instruments?
When was the last time you rode a bike?
What is your favorite sport?
Do you know how to swim?
202 English - Eleventh Grade
4
6. When riding a bike, it is important to wear a __.
A sculptor uses __ for form statues.
When you are lifting __, it is important to bend
from the knees.
If you don’t know how to __, then you shouldn’t
try to surf.
He started __ the trombone in the fifth grade.
__ often say that they become the character they
are playing.
Activity
5
Complete the paragraph below using the words and phrases in
the box.
temperature
waves
surfing
coastline
take advantage
year round
Great waves are a Salvadoran
natural resource.
In El Salvador, _(1)_ is perhaps the most popular water
sport. The 307 kilometers of _(2)_ have some of the
best _(3)_ for surfing in Central America. Unlike places
such as California, where the water is often too cold for
swimming, the water _(4)_ in El Salvador is comfortable
_(5)_. Many tourists visit El Salvador from all over the
world to enjoy the beaches and _(6)_ of the excellent
surf conditions.
UNIT 1
Time to read
Read the following passage about Gerardo Barrios. Look
up any new words in a dictionary.
Gerardo Barrios lived from 1813 to 1865. When he
Activity
6
Answer the following questions about the reading.
1. According to the reading, how old was Gerardo
Barrios when he entered the military?
2. Which Pope did Gerardo Barrios meet while
in Rome?
3. What was a major impact that President Barrios
had upon the Salvadoran economy?
4. How did General Captain Gerardo Barrios die?
Activity
was fifteen years old, he entered the army under the
command of General Francisco Morazán and that same
year participated in his first battle.
When he was forty two years old, Barrios traveled
to Europe where he visited England, France and
Rome. While at the Vatican, he was introduced by the
Salvadoran Minister in Rome to Pope Pius the IX. It is
said that the Pope, after meeting Gerardo Barrios, said
to the Minister, “What lovely Indians you have in your
country.” To which Gerardo Barrios answered, “I am one
of the ugliest.”
7
Put the following events in chronological order.
__ Gerardo Barrios was named President of
El Salvador.
__ Gerardo Barrios visited Europe.
__ Francisco Dueñas became President of
El Salvador.
__ Gerardo Barrios entered the army under the
command of General Morazán.
__ Gerardo Barrios hired professors from France.
In 1859, Gerardo Barrios became the President of the
Republic of El Salvador. During his time as president,
Barrios was a great supporter of education and culture.
He hired French university professors to begin the
Academy of Music and Arts. And with an enormous
purchase of European books, he founded the National
Library. Barrios also ordered the planting of coffee, which
became an integral part of the Salvadoran economy.
In 1863, Guatemalan forces invaded El Salvador and
forced Barrios out of the presidency. He was replaced by
Francisco Dueñas who was viewed more favorably by
the Guatemalan government. In 1865 General Captain
Gerardo Barrios was sentenced to death. He is buried in
San Salvador in the graveyard of the Illustrious.
Eleventh Grade - English 203
UNIT 1
Language in use
Voiced and unvoiced consonants
Review the chart below and listen to the pronunciation.
Verbs ending with an unvoiced sound
Verb
Past participle/ simple past
walk
walked
miss
missed
rap
rapped
finish
finished
Activity
9
Take a look at these pictures. Match the famous person with
his corresponding achievements.
Verbs ending with a voiced sound
8
Verb
Past participle/ simple past
mug
mugged
fizz
fizzed
rob
robbed
dream
dreamed
2.
3.
4.
5.
Isaac Newton
Johannes Gutenberg
Albert Einstein
Activity
Each sentence below contains an example of a past participle
or simple past verb with an –ed ending. Listen to each sentence
and decide if the –ed ending of the highlighted word is voiced
or unvoiced.
1.
Christopher Columbus
The movie theater was very crowded.
She has never been kissed.
He was always dehydrated after exercising.
The clothes have dried.
The game has already started.
Glossary:
Braille: a type of text where the letters are raised so that they can be read by touch.
It is for the use of the blind.
204 English - Eleventh Grade
This German born physicist developed the
theory relativity and is one of the great thinkers of
the 20th century.
2. English physicist, mathematician and
philosopher. He is the author of the
revolutionary work, Principia in which he
describes the force of gravity and the three laws
of motion.
3. Explorer who set in motion a series of events that
would change the world forever. He made the
Americas available for European exploration.
4. With his invention of the printing press in the
15th century, the availability of printed books
and music became widespread.
1.
UNIT 1
Time to read
Read the following passage. Look up any new words in a
dictionary.
The 1936 Olympic Games were held in Nazi Germany.
One of the most memorable events was the long jump.
Jesse Owens, an African American, competed against
Germany’s Luz Long. In the finals, Jesse Owens beat Luz Long.
After Owens won the event, the two men hugged in
front of Adolf Hitler. Jesse Owens received the gold
medal for the long jump and Luz Long received the
silver medal.
The two men remained friends after the Olympic
Games. They stayed in contact by writing letters. Luz
Long died in 1943 while fighting for Germany in World
War II. In the last letter that he sent to Jesse Owens, Luz
Long wrote, “Someday find my son ... tell him about how
things can be between men on this Earth.”
Activity
11
What does it mean to be a good sport? In spite of fact that
they were competitors, Owens and Long showed qualities of
good sportsmanship. In your own words, describe some of the
qualities of good sportsmanship.
Activity
12
Read the short interview with Margaret Heinz, and the
answer the questions below.
A:
Today we will be talking with Margaret Heinz.
Margaret is a painter who lives in Berkeley
Springs, West Virginia. Margaret, thank you for
taking the time to speak with us.
B: My pleasure.
A: Margaret, tell us, how did you first become
interested in art?
B: When I was very young, my mother and I
would draw together. My mother was very
talented at drawing. We would spend hours
together sketching. She influenced me a lot and
encouraged me to pursue a career as a painter.
A: When you aren’t working, how do you like to
spend your free time?
B: Here in West Virginia there are so many beautiful
places to go walking. I like to take long walks in
the woods. I am inspired by nature.
What does Margaret do for a living?
2. Who got Margaret interested in art?
3. What does Margaret like to do in her free time?
4. What inspires Margaret?
1.
10
Activity
Answer the following questions about the reading above.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. In what Olympic event did Jesse Owens compete
against Luz Long in 1936?
In what country were the 1936 Olympic Games held?
Who won the gold metal for the long jump?
How did Luz Long and Jesse Owens stay in contact
after the Olympics?
How did Luz Long die?
Hands on! 1B
The way a story is told depends greatly upon the
point of view of the storyteller. In the Hands on!
project at the end of this unit, you will tell the
story of a famous person. Remember that as the
storyteller, you will have the power to help shape
the opinions your audience.
Eleventh Grade - English 205
UNIT 1
Language in use
Review of present perfect with always, never, and already.
Always, never and already are adverbs. Study their position in the present perfect structure. The exception is for verbs
ending in the letter “t”. In these cases, the –ed ending is voiced.
13
Subject
Has or have
She
Doris and I
My cousin
They
has
have
has
have
Always, never
or already
always
never
already
always
Activity
Decide whether the following statements are true or false for you.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I have always lived in the same house.
I have never been to Honduras.
I have already gotten married.
I have always worked outdoors.
I have never studied French.
14
Activity
Listen to the following paragraph and fill in the blanks.
My sister and I have _(1)_ slept in the same bedroom.
My sister is older than I am and she _(2)_ always _(3)_
keep the room clean. She likes to have everything very
organized. I’ve _(4)_ been as organized as she is. By the
time I notice that the room is a mess, she has already
_(5)_ to clean it up.
206 English - Eleventh Grade
Past participle
Complement
been
attended
paid
had
late.
a seminar.
the bill.
a nice house.
Activity
15
Add the adverb to the sentences below. Follow the example.
Example: always- I’ve wanted to see that musical.
Answer: I’ve always wanted to see that musical.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. never- Susie has been to Australia.
already- We have read the instructions.
never- My friend has eaten tamales.
always- Her pet has learned new tricks.
already- Their favorite actor has won an Oscar.
UNIT 1
16
Activity
Activity
18
Arrange the words to form correct sentences.
Listen carefully to the pronunciation of the following words. How is the -ed ending pronounced in each word? For each word below decide if the –ed ending is “voiced” or “unvoiced”. Follow the example.
Example: Answer: talked
unvoiced (Because the letter k at the end of the word “talk” is an unvoiced sound.)
worked
2. rubbed
3. kissed
4. laughed
5. behaved
6. watched
7. cried
8. painted
9. surfed
10. pulled
1. have/ learned/ they/ Chinese/ never.
2. I/ told/ have/ the/ truth/ always.
3. typed/ she/ has/ already/ form/ the.
4. Carlos/ thanked/ has/ already/ her.
5.
has/ sister/ never/ cooked/ my/ Mexican/ food.
1.
17
Don’t forget!
The past participle of verbs ending in the letter “t,” such
as paint, visit, and reject, is irregular. Pronounce the –ed
ending of these past participles (painted, visited, and
rejected) as a separate syllable. In these cases, the –ed
ending is voiced, even though the simple verb ends in “t”
which is an unvoiced consonant.
Activity
Complete the following sentences using the verbs from the
list in Activity 16.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Last night we __ the soccer game on TV.
All of the kids have __ very well today.
The movie was very funny. I’ve never __ so hard.
We have __ the bathrooms blue.
After dinner we __ and said goodbye.
Lesson core
In this lesson we have looked at the lives of famous
people and their accomplishments. We have also
explored how it can be difficult to get a complete
understanding of a historical figure without
looking at different sources of information.
We have reviewed the use of present perfect with
the words always, never and already and taken a
close look at the pronunciation of past participles.
Eleventh Grade - English 207
UNIT 1
1
Gerardo Barrios was __.
a) a great playwright
b) President of El Salvador
c) the first coffee farmer
d) an enemy of Francisco Menendez
When learning about a famous or
historical person, you should do which of
the following?
a) look for different sources of information
b) make up your mind first and then read
the opinions of others
c) go with your gut
d) try to watch more movies
4
Which of the following sentences is
correctly constructed?
a) Have I always enjoyed ice cream.
b) Ice cream always have I enjoyed.
c) Always enjoyed ice cream have I.
d) I have always enjoyed ice cream.
2. b
3. a
2
3
1. b
Choose the letter that best answers each question.
The -ed ending is unvoiced (pronounced
with a “t” sound) in which word?
a) enjoyed
b) painted
c) carried
d) typed
Answers:
Self evaluation
4. d
“History is written by the victors”- British Prime
Minister Winston Churchill.
“There is no single, eternal, and immutable
truth about past events and their meaning.”
- Pulitzer Prize winning historian James
McPherson.
Historians who advocate a historical view that
is outside of the mainstream are known as
historical revisionists. In cases where revisionist
viewpoints become accepted by the mainstream,
a paradigm shift is said to have occurred.
The way we view history can be influenced by
ideology, language, culture, nationalism, and
even scientific developments. As these factors
change over time, so does our understanding of
the past.
208 English - Eleventh Grade
Lesson 3
Unit One
What made them famous?
Getting started!
How can you politely disagree with somebody?
What famous person would you like to know
more about?
Do you think a single person can change the world?
Achievement indicators
I can summarize the main ideas in entire articles and chapters of
authentic printed text.
Conversation and more
Listen to these short conversations that include requests
for clarification. Afterwards, read them out loud. Look up
any new words in a dictionary.
I can demonstrate the ability to make inferences and predict
outcomes in written materials.
There are many ways to ask someone for clarification. Rewrite
the request for clarification in each of the three conversations.
You may refer to the What for? section below for ideas.
Conversation 1
A: Do me a favor and tell Karla that I have her keys.
B: You want me to tell Karla what?
A: Tell her that I have her keys.
Conversation 2
A: Excuse me, how do I get to Chestnut Street?
B: I beg your pardon?
C: How do I get to Chestnut Street?
Conversation 3
A: My address is 165 Forrest Avenue, Summerville,
Massachusetts, and the zip code is 22301.
B: I’m sorry, I didn’t catch the last part. Could you
please repeat the zip code?
1
Activity
What for?
Very often when we are speaking with others, we
need to ask for clarification. It could be because we
didn’t hear what the speaker was saying or because we
simply didn’t understand. The following are ways you
can ask someone to clarify what they were saying.
Ways to request clarification:
Would you mind repeating that?
Could you repeat that please?
Could you say that again please?
I didn’t get the last part.
What was that again?
I beg your pardon?
What did you say?
I didn’t catch that.
What?
Eleventh Grade - English 209
UNIT 1
Time to read
Listen to and read the following passage. Look up any
new words in a dictionary.
Tito Puente was born in the area of New York City
known as Spanish Harlem. His parents, Ernesto Antonio
Puente Jr. and Ercilia Puente were both native Puerto
Ricans. Tito Puente is often credited as “El Rey” (the
King) of the timbales and “The King of Latin Music”. He
is best known for dance-oriented mambo and Latin jazz
compositions that helped keep his career going for
50 years.
Tito Puente served in the Navy for three years during
World War II after being drafted in 1942. He was
discharged with a Presidential Commendation for
serving in nine battles. He then studied music at the
Juilliard School of Music, where he completed a formal
education in conducting, orchestration and theory. In
1969, he received the key to the City of New York from
former Mayor John Lindsay.
During the 1950s, Puente was at the height of his
popularity, and helped to bring Afro-Cuban and
Caribbean sounds, like mambo, son, and cha-chacha to mainstream audiences. He was so successful
playing popular Afro-Cuban rhythms that many people
mistakenly identify him as Cuban. Dance Mania,
possibly Puente’s best known album, was released
in 1958. Later he moved into more diverse sounds
including pop, bossa nova and others. He eventually
settled down with a fusion of Afro-Cuban and Latin jazz
genres that became known as “salsa,” although he disliked
the term. In 1979, Puente won the first of five Grammy
Awards. After a heart attack following a show in Puerto
Rico, Puente had heart surgery in New York City, from
which he never recovered. He died on May 31, 2000.
2
Activity
Based on the previous reading, answer the following
questions in complete sentences.
Where were Tito Puente’s parents from?
Where was Tito Puente born?
3. After serving in the navy during World War II,
where did Tito Puente study?
4. What kinds of sounds did Tito Puente introduce
to the American mainstream in the 1950s?
1. 2. Glossary:
Mainstream: the majority or the principle trend or way of thinking.
210 English - Eleventh Grade
Activity
3
Based on the reading, summarize in a few sentences who
Tito Puente was, where he came from and what he is
famous for.
Activity
4
Listen to the dictation three times. Write down what you hear.
UNIT 1
Enrich your vocabulary
Study the following list of character traits and look up
any new words in a dictionary.
touchy
intelligent
sympathetic
sensible
conceited
dedicated
reckless
5
clever
confident
charismatic
selfish
religious
moody
easy going
Activity
Fill in the blanks of the following sentences using words
from the list above.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. He is a __ driver and gets into a lot of accidents.
My older brother joined a __ cult and became a
__ follower.
She always makes __ choices.
He was always __, and that’s why he never
imagined the possibility of failure.
If you don’t share, people will think you are __.
6
Conversation and more
Activity
Listen to the information about Martin Luther King, Jr. Write down the four traits that are mentioned.
Martin Luther King Jr. had what it took to inspire the
conscience of the American public. He was intelligent,
dedicated, charismatic, and well spoken. He appealed
to the moral sense of Americans, and after years of
leading civil rights activists in nonviolent protest and
direct action, his leadership helped to desegregate the
American South.
Listen to and read the following conversation about
Martin Luther King Jr. Some words from the transcript
have been omitted.
A: We don’t have school next Monday because of
Martin Luther King Jr. Day.
B: Does _(1)_ in the United States celebrate that?
A: Yes, it’s a federal holiday, one of only four _(2)_
holidays that honor a single person. It’s always on
the _(3)_ Monday in January.
B: That’s great. So you always have a three day _(4)_.
Who is Martin Luther King Jr.?
A: He was a Baptist minister and a _(5)_ of the civil
rights movement that ended racial segregation.
Activity
7
Listen to the conversation again, and fill inthe blanks with the missing words.
Eleventh Grade - English 211
UNIT 1
Enrich your vocabulary
Agreeing and disagreeing
Study the following expressions showing strong agreement.
absolutely
yes/ yeah
that’s right/ you’re right
exactly
I know
I couldn’t agree more
I agree
Activity
8
Write a sentence agreeing with each of the
following statements.
1. We should stop polluting our rivers.
2. Kids must have restricted access to the Internet.
3. We should practice English more.
4. People should feel safe on public busses.
5. This road is very dusty.
6. It’s getting late, so we should go home.
These expressions show weak agreement or suggest doubt:
I guess so
I suppose so
Activity
Expressions that indicate disagreement:
I see your point but . . .
I’m not sure
But don’t you think . . .?
I don’t agree
9
Write a sentence stating wether you agree or disagree with
the following statements and explain why.
1. It is always a good idea to accept your mistakes.
2. Growing up in North America and growing up in
El Salvador are very similar.
What for?
3. Polluters should be taxed.
Colloquial expressions are those used in an
ordinary or informal conversation. In written
English the word “yeah” is not often used, but in
casual conversation it is very common. Becoming
comfortable with colloquial expressions will help
you enormously when speaking with others.
4. There is very little that the government can do to
reduce violence.
5. There is as much racism today as there
ever was.
6. Basketball is more fun to watch than baseball.
212 English - Eleventh Grade
UNIT 1
Conversation and more
Activity
Read the following conversation. Look up any new words
in a dictionary.
11
A: Jack, I would like to invite my parents over for
dinner tonight. What do you think?
B: Maggie, I’d prefer to just relax. I don’t want to
entertain people tonight.
A: You won’t have to do anything but talk with my
dad. We haven’t seen my parents for a very long
time.
B: Yes we have, Maggie. We saw your parents last
week when they were going to church.
A: That doesn’t count. We didn’t even stop to talk to
them.
B: Ok, so what time will they be coming over tonight?
A: I will tell them to come around 6:00.
10
Activity
Answer the following questions about the previous conversation.
Who does Maggie want to invite over for dinner?
2. Why does Jack not want to entertain people?
3. They saw Maggie parents last week while they were
going to church. Why does Maggie say that that
“does not count”?
4. Does Jack agree to have Maggie’s parents over for dinner?
1.
Listen to and read the following passage and fill in the
blanks with the words given below.
disagreed
agreed
no chance
I suppose
perhaps
definetely
When Ralf Muller decided that he wanted to be the mayor
of the city of Springfield, most his family said that there
was _(1)_ that he would win. His wife _(2)_. She told
him that _(3)_ he had a chance of winning. Ralf ’s wife
told him that the first thing he should do is find someone
to run his campaign. Ralf _(4)_ that he needed a good
campaign manager. So he called his friend Alex Moss.
“Alex,” said Ralf, “I want to run for mayor and I was
hoping you would run my campaign.”“Well,” replied
Alex, “_(5)_ that you have a good chance of winning.
You’ve lived in this town all your life, people know you,
and I believe that you would make a good mayor. I will
_(6)_ help run your campaign.
Ralf ended up losing the election but he and Alex ran a
good campaign and won 44% of the votes.
Eleventh Grade - English 213
UNIT 1
Language in use
Review of present perfect with “ever”, “yet”, “for”, “since,” and “ever since”
Study the following tables.
Questions using the present perfect with “ever”
Has / Have
Subject
Ever
Past participle
Complement
Has
she
ever
ridden
a motorcycle?
Have
you
ever
been
to Spain?
Use the following structure for questions using past participles with “yet”
Has / Have
Subject
Past participle
Complement
Yet
Has
your uncle
read
the newspaper
yet?
Haven’t
you
seen
the news
yet?
Use the following structure for statements using past participles with “yet”
Subject
Has / Have
Not
Past participle Complement
Yet
We
have
not
eaten
breakfast
yet.
Mary
has
not
been
to town
yet.
Present perfect with “for”, “since” and “ever since”
Use the present perfect with “for” when talking
Use the present perfect with “since” or “ever since”
about time. Amounts of time can be expressed in the to indicate when something started. It should include
number of years, days, minutes, etc or with expressions a specific event, time, or date.
such as “for a long time” or “for a little while”.
Examples:
We have lived here for ten years.
Jason has been gone for two hours.
We have had that horse for a long time.
12
Example: ever- climb a mountain (you)
Answer: Have you ever climbed a mountain?
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. “We have lived here ever since 1996.
“I haven’t been to the beach since last year.
“She’s been sad ever since her son died.
Activity
Ask questions using “ever” and “yet” with the present perfect.
Follow the example.
1.
Examples:
ever- parachute into the town (you)
yet- (not) be to the computer lab (he)
ever- work as a salesperson (you)
yet- have lunch (they)
yet- get off of work (your dad)
ever- been to Los Angeles (you)
214 English - Eleventh Grade
Don’t forget!
Remember that with past participles you will use “for”
when talking about the amount of time, years, hours,
seasons, etc. and you will use “since” or “ever since” when
referring to a specific time, date, event, etc.
UNIT 1
13
Activity
Activity
14
Answer the following questions with past participles using
“ for”, “since” or “ever since”. Look at the examples below.
Complete the sentences and questions below using “ for”,
“since”, “ever since”, “yet”, “ever”, and “already”.
Example: 1. Answer: Example:
Answer: How many days have you been here?
(seven)
I have been here for seven days.
How long have you been watching TV?
(7:00)
I’ve been watching TV since 7:00.
1. How long have you worked at the store?
2. Has she been sleeping for very long?
3. How long has he been in the shower?
4. How long have you guys been waiting for me?
5. Have you been driving for a long time?
6. How many years have you been married?
(last August)
(about an hour)
Have you __ been to Tikal in Guatemala?
2. I haven’t seen Marta __ last week.
3. It has not rained __ two weeks.
4. Are you ready to go __?
5. I’m not going to eat, I have __ had dinner.
6. You went to the beach __ eight days.
7. I haven’t been home __.
8. He has not been in school __2002.
9. They have been fixing the roads __a year now.
10. Will we __ see them again?
(just a few minutes)
(2:00)
(I turned 18)
(twenty two)
Hands on! 1C
Choose a famous person who interests you. Find
several sources of information about that person.
Remember that you will develop a more complete
understanding of that person by exploring differing
points of view. Find at least four different sources of
information about the person you will research.
Lesson core
In this lesson, you have studied expressions
requesting clarification and showing agreement
or disagreement. You have looked at the use of
past participles in conjunction with the words
yet, ever, for, since, and ever since. And you have
studied the difference in word order between
statements and questions using these words.
You have read and listened to biographical
texts, scanned texts looking for specific
information and reviewed vocabulary related to
character traits.
Eleventh Grade - English 215
UNIT 1
Her sister-in-law hasn’t seen the
pictures __.
a) never
b) ever since
c) yet
d) already
3.a
2
3
4
2. c
1
I have been visiting my parents every
weekend __ I moved to San Salvador.
a) ever since
b) for
c) yet
d) ever
A person with this type of character trait
will keep working in spite of obstacles
and difficulties, displaying strong
commitment.
a) clever
b) moody
c) trustworthy
d) dedicated
1. d
Choose the letter that best answers each question or statement.
Which of the following is an expression
used to request clarification?
a) Isn’t that cleaver.
b) Are you following me?
c) That’s right.
d) Would you mind repeating that?
Answers:
Self evaluation
4. d
ROSA PARKS
In 1955, Rosa Parks, a 42-year-old AfricanAmerican living in Montgomery, Alabama was
ordered by a city bus driver to give up her seat
to a white man and move to the back of the bus.
At that time Alabama, like much of the American
South, was racially segregated.
Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat and was
arrested and charged with disorderly conduct. Four
days later the black community, led by Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr., began a boycott of the city bus company that
lasted for over one year. Because of the boycott,
the law requiring segregation on buses finally ended. In
1999, Rosa Parks was awarded the Congressional Gold
Medal of Honor. On the medal were engraved the words
“Mother of the Modern Day Civil Rights Movement”.
216 English - Eleventh Grade
Lesson 4
Unit One
How can someone do that?
Getting started!
Where can you find information about
famous people?
What are your favorite outdoor sports?
Achievement indicators
I can speak with a clear voice and correct pronunciation when making
an oral presentation about a famous person’s life.
Conversation and more
Listen to and read the following conversation. Look up
any new words in a dictionary.
A: I was looking at some old pictures a few days ago. I
saw the photos of the trip we made with granddad
to the beach when we were little kids, Tom
B: Do you still have that picture of granddad
building a fire out of coconut shells? He used to
build big fires when we were kids.
A: Yes, I still have that picture. There are a lot of old
pictures. Mom used to take a lot of photographs.
B: I remember that I still have that big black camera
that Mom used to take all of those pictures.
A: Really? Does it still work?
B: No, I don’t think that it works anymore. I kept it
as an antique. I am used to seeing that old camera
every time I clean the closet.
A: Good, don’t throw it away. If it could be fixed, you
might be able to use it again.
I can write a biographical article correctly and coherently.
Activity
1
Answer the following questions about the previous conversation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What did granddad use to build when they were
little kids?
Who used to take a lot of photographs?
Does the big, black camera that Mom used still work?
When is Tom used to seeing the big black camera?
What would he have to do to make the camera
work again?
Eleventh Grade - English 217
UNIT 1
Language in use
Review of “used to”
Activity
3
“Used to” can have three meanings:
1. “used to” can indicate the past. For example: We used to live in Houston.
2. “used to” or “used for” can indicate purpose. For
example: This saw is used to cut trees.
3. “ be used to” means accustomed to. For example:
We are used to hot weather.
“What did you use to do during vacation?” Answer this
question with the activities below. Remember that in this case,
“used to” refers to an activity in the past. Answer in complete
sentences. Follow the example.
What’s the difference between these two sentences?
1. He used to eat breakfast early.
2. He is used to eating breakfast early.
1. Sentence 1 refers to an action that happened regularly in
the past but no longer occurs.
Sentence 2 refers to an activity that he has done regularly
so that it is not strange, new, or difficult for him. Notice
that in sentence 2 the verb takes the “-ing” form.
2
Example: build sand castles
Answer: I used to build sand castles at the beach.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. go bowling
go fishing
go surfing
make jewelry
stay with my grandparents
do a lot of gardening
Activity
Answer the following questions using “used to” meaning
“purpose”. Follow the example.
Example: What are the brakes on a car used for?
Answer: The breaks on a car are used to make the
car slow down.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is a memory stick used for?
What is a stethoscope used for?
What is a blender used for?
What is a sewing machine used for?
What is a drill used for?
Activity
Identify whether “used to” indicates past routine or purpose.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 218 English - Eleventh Grade
4
My father used to wake up very early in the morning.
A scythe is used to cut long grass and corn.
A highlighter is a special pen used to mark words in
a text.
A microwave is a type of oven used to cook or heat
food very quickly.
My family used to camp together in Chalatenango.
A jack is used to lift up a car so that you can change a
flat tire.
UNIT 1
Enrich your vocabulary
You can learn a lot about a person by observing what
they do. Describing someone’s activities is a good way to
give an idea of who that person is like.
The following sentences use “used to” and describe
activities carried out in the past. Notice how we learn
about a person by looking at the kinds of things that they
“used to” do.
When Angela was in elementary school, she used to play
outside with the other kids from her neighborhood.
Angela used to talk on the phone a lot when she was a
teenager.
When she was in college, Angela used to participate in
many student activities like intramural sports.
From these sentences we can see that Angela was very
active, that she liked sports and was very social. We often
use adjectives such as social, athletic, and outgoing to
describe people but don’t forget that you can let people
describe themselves by writing about their activities.
5
Activity
Write a biographical paragraph about someone you used
to know. Describe that person by writing a short paragraph
about things that that person used to do.
6
Activity
Practice reading the short paragraph that you wrote in the
previous activity out loud. If possible, work with a partner and
take turns listening to each other speak. Try to speak clearly
and slowly. Speaking in a strong voice is important so that
listeners can easily hear and understand you.
Glossary:
Outdoor: not inside any house or building. To be outdoors simply means to be
outside.
Eleventh Grade - English 219
UNIT 1
Conversation and more
Listen to and read these short conversations using “used to”.
Then practice them by repeating them out loud. Look up any
new words in a dictionary.
Conversation 1
A: Welcome to Jim’s hardware store. How can I help you?
B: I’m looking for a saw that is used to cut through metal.
A: Hacksaws can cut through metal.
B: Can a hacksaw cut through wood too?
A: No, a wood saw is used to cut wood.
Conversation 2
A:
B:
A:
It is difficult for me to wake up early.
That is because you’re not used to waking up early.
I don’t think I’ll ever be use to it.
Activity
8
Write complete sentences using “be used to” (accustomed)
and the given activity and subject. Follow the example.
Example: cook dinner at home (my Mom)
Answer: My Mom is used to cooking dinner
at home.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. eat Salvadoran food (we)
dress informally (I)
drive small cars (Kevin)
do my own laundry (I)
work late (we all)
Conversation 3
A: I used to walk to school every day.
B: Why don’t you walk there any more?
C: Because now I get a ride with my Dad. Now I get to sleep
in longer than I used to.
Don’t forget!
The expression “be used to” (accustomed) can be
followed by a noun or by verb.
Example: 7
Activity
Identify which of the conversations above corresponds with
each meaning of “used to”.
___In this conversation, “used to” refers to a habit
or accustomed action.
___In this conversation, “used to” refers to
something in the past.
___In this conversation, “used to” refers to the way in
which something is used.
220 English - Eleventh Grade
I am used to hot weather.
I am used to walking.
UNIT 1
Time to read
Read the following passage. Look up any new words in a
dictionary.
PHOTO IN THE NEWS: “Extinct” Primate
Found in Indonesia
It may look like a gremlin, but this tiny animal is actually a
pygmy tarsier, recently rediscovered in the forests of Indonesia.
The 2-ounce carnivorous primate had not been seen alive
since the 1920s. That was until researchers on a summer
expedition captured, tagged, and released three members of
the species.
“There have been dozens of expeditions looking for them—all
unsuccessful. I needed to go and see for myself if they were
really there or if they were really extinct,” said lead researcher
Sharon Gursky-Doyen, a professor at Texas A&M University.
9
Activity
Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Pygmy tarsiers are extinct.
Pygmy tarsiers live in Indonesia.
Carnivorous animals like to eat other animals.
Sharon Gursky-Doyen is a student at Texas
A&M University.
Loss of habitat is shrinking the pygmy
tarsier population.
Pygmy tarsiers used to be relatively abundant.
“Once relatively abundant among the forested mountain
slopes of Lore Lindu National Park in central Sulawesi, the
pygmy tarsier population may have shrunk when logging in
the 1970s destroyed its habitat”, Gursky-Doyen said.
The nocturnal creatures rely on darkness to avoid predation.
However in fragmented forests the canopy lets in more
moonlight, exposing the small animal to birds and other
predators as it leaps from tree to tree. Gursky-Doyen said she
hopes the find will inspire the Indonesian government to
protect the species and its habitat.
—Tasha Eichenseher for National Geographic
Activity
10
Human activity is changing the climate and changing the
natural ecosystems all over the world. Answer the following
questions about the environment in the area where you live.
What are some of the animals that used to be
common where you live but are now rare?
2. Are you used to seeing a lot of fog where you live?
3. A lot of land is used to grow different kinds of crops.
This often means less land for some wild animals.
What kinds of crops are grown in your area?
1.
Glossary:
Carnivorous: animal only eats meat.
Tagged: attached with a special piece of identification.
Primates: include monkeys, gorillas, chimpanzees, etc.
Extinct: plants or animals are those that no longer exist.
Predation: when they are hunted by other animals.
Logging: cutting down trees.
Crops: are the fruits, vegetables, grains, etc. that farmers grow.
Eleventh Grade - English 221
UNIT 1
Conversation and more
Read the conversation between Walter and Ed. Look up
any new words in a dictionary.
A: Hi Ed. How are you doing?
Activity
11
Answer the following questions using complete sentences.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What state did Arnold Schwarzenegger
become governor of?
Did Arnold Schwarzenegger speak fluent English
as a child?
What year did Schwarzenegger become a
U.S. citizen?
Where was Arnold Schwarzenegger born?
What are three jobs or occupations that Arnold
Schwarzenegger has had according to the article?
B: Hi Walter, I’m fine. Are you ready for
your presentation?
A: Yes, I am. I found a lot of information on the web.
B: Who are you going to talk about?
A: I am going to talk about Arnold Schwarzenegger
B: Schwarzenegger, is that a real name?
A: Yeah, he was born in Austria. He used to work in
the United Kingdom for a short time, and in 1968
he moved to the U.S. He became a U.S. citizen
in 1983. He was not fluent in English when he
arrived, and even now he still speaks with an accent.
B: He became the governor of California, right? How
did he manage to do that?
A: Well, Schwarzenegger first gained fame as a
bodybuilder. He then became an actor. He is best
known for his role in the movie Terminator.
B: Yes, that is the only movie I have ever seen him in.
A: He has been in some others, too. From 1990 to
1993, Schwarzenegger was appointed Chairman
of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and
Sports. During that time he traveled across the
U.S. promoting physical fitness to kids. I’ll tell you
the rest of the story during my presentation.
B: Ok, good luck.
Glossary:
Nevertheless: no obstante.
222 English - Eleventh Grade
What for?
Like Arnold Schwartzenegger, most people who
learn a language as an adult never completely lose
their accent. Nevertheless, adults who practice
a foreign language become very comfortable
speaking. People like Schwarzenegger are able
to communicate on a professional level despite
having learned later in life.
UNIT 1
Hands on! 1D
What is it about the famous person you have chosen that
makes him or her famous? What is it about this person
that interests you? Does the person you are researching
have any contradictions? Contradictions could be, for
example, an actor with stage fright or a charming serial
killer. Look for aspects of the person you are researching
that reveal his or her human side.
After answering these questions, make a list of points that
you feel are important to make about this person. Read
these points out loud. If you are unsure of the pronunciation,
look up the phonetic spelling in a dictionary.
13
Activity
Change the sentences with “used to” (past routine) to
sentences with “be used to” (accustomed). Follow
the example.
Example: We used to stay up late.
Answer: We are used to staying up late.
1. 2.
3. 4. 5. Mr. Roberts used to go with us to the stadium.
Her brother used to play chess in the afternoons.
I used to swim in cold water.
That actress used to be famous.
My co-workers used to work overtime.
Activity
14
Decide wich of the following groups of words are personality traits.
1.
tall, overweight, thin, black
2. determined, talented, stubborn, nervous
3. healthy, young, old, middle-aged
4. grey, blond, brown, red head
12
Activity
Answer the following questions using the expression “used to”
to refer to the past.
1. 2. 3. 4 .
5. How did you use to be when you were a kid?
What did you use to wear when you were a teenager?
What kind of music did your parents use to listen to
when they were young?
What kind of TV programs did you use to watch ten
years ago?
Who did you use to tell your problems to when you
were a teenager?
Lesson core
In this lesson we have reviewed the different
meanings of “used to” and identified the different
usages in context. You have studied vocabulary
related to personality traits and practiced
identifying voiced and unvoiced sounds. You have
read texts containing biographical information
and begun preparing and gathering biographical
data on a famous person.
Eleventh Grade - English 223
UNIT 1
Choose the letter that best answers each question.
Arnold Schwartzenegger is __.
a) an artist
b) a type of hairdo
c) a bodybuilder
d) a famous writer
We are used to receiving visitors on
Christmas. In this sentence, “used to”
means __.
a) being accustomed
b) past routine that no longer occurs
c) something unpleasant
d) describing something’s use or purpose
4
When making an oral presentation, it is
important to __.
a) have everything you want to say written down
b) speak clearly
c) be wearing a neck tie
d) practice in front of a mirror
2. d
The phrase “am used to” best completes
which of the following sentences?
a) We __ have a blue pickup truck.
b) I __ live in Metapan.
c) You __ seeing your dad every day.
d) I __ waking up early.
1. c
1
3. a
2
3
Answers:
Self evaluation
4. b
ACHILLES
In Ancient Greek mythology, Achilles was a great
warrior. In the Iliad, by Homer, Achilles is the
hero of the Trojan War. According to some Greek
legends, his mother dipped his body in the Styx
River to make him immortal. As she submerged
her baby, only Achilles’ heel did not enter the
water. It was his one weakness.
Achilles died when he was hit by an arrow in the
heel. Today, a weak point is often described as
an “Achilles heel”.
224 English - Eleventh Grade
Lesson 5
Unit One
Getting started!
Can somebody’s weakness
become their strength?
Why are people who overcome difficult challenges
sometimes the most fit for helping others?
How can our dreams change over time?
Are there people whose true talents are
never discovered?
How do some famous people take advantage of their
press coverage to promote certain issues?
Achievement indicators
I can report orally and in writing about my dreams and wishes.
Conversation and more
Listen to and read the following conversation. Look up
any new words in a dictionary.
A: I wish we could go to Miguel’s birthday
party tonight.
B: I know, but he lives in Santa Ana and you have to
work tomorrow.
A: Yes, I just wish I didn’t have to work so early. That’s
the problem.
B: Is Miguel still planning on visiting you
this weekend, Sarah?
A: I hope so. He said he would take the bus here
on Friday.
B: I’m glad. It’s not good for you two to live so
far apart.
A: I wish we lived closer together, too. Next year I
hope to find a job in Santa Ana so that we can
be closer.
I can use appropriate organizational patterns to make an oral
presentation on a chosen character.
Activity
1
Answer the following questions about the previous conversation.
What event does Sarah want to go to?
2. Where does Miguel live?
3. What does Sarah hope to find next year?
4. What does Sarah wish for herself and Miguel?
1. Eleventh Grade - English 225
UNIT 1
Language in use
Hope vs. wish
Desire in the past
Desire in the present
The words “hope” and “wish” can both be used to indicate a desire for something. For example, you can “hope for better
times” or you can “wish for better times.” There are, however, instances in which the use of “hope” and “wish” is different.
Study the table belw.
2
Hope
When you hope for something, you see it as a
possibility. Notice that the main verb is in the
simple present.
Wish
When you wish for something, you want it to be
different from the way it is or you see it as unlikely.
Notice that the main verb is in the simple past.
Examples:
Examples:
I hope you like the house. (you might like
the house)
I hope they are happy. (they might be happy)
I hope I can see you this year. (maybe I'll see
you this year)
You can use hope to express a desire that you
had in the past. Notice that the action of hoping
happened in the past.
I wish you liked the house. (you don’t like
the house)
I wish they were happy. (they aren't happy)
I wish I could see you this year. (I probably can't
see you)
Use wish to express a desire that the past had been
different. Notice "wish" is in the present and the
main verbs are in the past perfect.
Examples:
Examples:
I had hoped to be home early. (I wanted to be
home early)
I hoped to do well on the test. (I wanted to
do well)
I wish I had come home early. (I regret that I did not
come home early)
I wish I had done well on the test. (I regret not
doing well on the test)
Activity
Using the information given, construct two sentences for
a desire in the present, one using “hope” and one using
“wish”. Follow the example below.
Example: you will stay (we)
Answer: We hope you will stay.
We wish you would stay.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. I become a lawyer (my Dad)
they come (we)
we see each other more often (I)
the bus comes sooner (I)
their store does not burn down (the owners)
226 English - Eleventh Grade
Activity
3
Using complete sentences, write three things you wish you
had done more of when you were younger, and three things
you hope to do when you are older.
UNIT 1
Time to read
Read the following passage on Betty Ford several times. Look
up any new words in a dictionary.
Betty Ford, the wife of United States President Gerald Ford,
was First Lady from 1974 until 1977. The New York Times
newspaper called her “a product and symbol of the cultural
and political times.” She was known for speaking her opinions
about sensitive topics such as premarital sex, abortion, the
benefits of psychiatric treatment, as well as her own battle with
breast cancer. Despite expressing controversial opinions, Betty
Ford enjoyed a much higher public approval rating than
her husband.
Betty Ford is credited with raising awareness about the
importance of early detection and treatment of breast cancer.
In 1974, invasive surgery was needed to remove the cancer.
Speaking to Time magazine about the surgery she said, “The
fact that I was the wife of the President put it in the headlines.
It made a lot of women realize that it could happen to them.
I’m sure I’ve saved at least one person, maybe more.”
Activity
4
Answer the following questions about Betty Ford using
complete sentences.
1. Betty Ford was the wife of which United
States President?
2. What is the focus of the Betty Ford Center?
3. Betty Ford raised awareness by talking about her
experience with what type of cancer?
4. In 1978, what sort of problem did her family force
her to confront?
In 1978, Betty’s family forced her to confront her alcoholism
and an addiction to painkillers. She later wrote in her memoir,
“I liked alcohol, it made me feel warm. And I loved pills. They
took away my tension and my pain.” Betty Ford successfully
completed treatment for her addictions and in 1982 founded
the Betty Ford Center in Rancho Mirage, California. The
Center focuses on drug and alcohol rehabilitation.
Activity
5
Answer the following question in one or two paragraphs.
After her experiences with breast cancer, Betty Ford
worked to help others suffering from this disease. How
do you think that Betty Ford’s experience made her a
better advocate for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer?
Glossary:
Widow: a woman whose husband has died.
Candid: frank.
Press: newspapers, TV, radio, etc.
Painkillers: drugs that take away the pain.
Advocate: works in favor of something.
Eleventh Grade - English 227
UNIT 1
Enrich your vocabulary
Homophone is derived from Greek words homos “same” and phone “sound”. Homophones are words with the same
sound but different meanings. They may or may not share the same spelling. In this exercise we will only focus on
homonyms that are spelled differently. Memorize the spelling of these common homonyms.
pair - par
pear - pera
no - no
know - saber
deer - venado
dear - querido
peace - paz
piece - pedazo
do - hacer
due - debido
principle - principio, fundamento
principal - director
flee - huir
flea - pulga
sea - mar
see - ver
hole - hoyo
whole - entero
to - a
too-también
two - dos
male - varón
mail - correos
way - ruta
weigh - pesar
meat - carne
meet - encontrar, conocer
6
What for?
When writing in English, you must be careful with
the use of homophones. Because the pronunciation
is exactly the same, it is easy to substitute one
homophone for another. Careful attention to
spelling will help you avoid confusion.
Activity
Complete the following sentences using the homophones
listed above.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. I don’t __ where I am.
The war ended and there was __.
They will be coming with us __.
How much do you __?
Mr. Dominguez is the __ of the school where
my daughter studies.
It is very nice to __ you!
She’s at the post office getting the __. There aren’t many __ left because of hunting
and development.
228 English - Eleventh Grade
Activity
7
Make complete sentences using each of the homophones listed below.
1.
sea
2. see
3. two
4. too
to
6. way
7. weigh
5.
UNIT 1
8
Activity
Activity
Look at the pictures and write sentences starting with “I
wish I …”. In all of these examples, you are wishing that
something had been different in the past.
win the lottery yesterday
Answer: I wish I had won the lottery yesterday.
1. be an olympic athlete
2. The following sentences are out of order. Read the sentences
carefully and put them in the correct order to form a paragraph.
___
Example: 9
The bus came but her friend didn’t get off.
___ Later that day, Marcia’s friend finally arrived.
___ Marcia was waiting for a friend to arrive by bus.
___ Marcia’s friend answered and explained that she had
missed the bus and was waiting for the
next one.
___ Marcia called her friend to find out what had happened.
Don’t forget!
stay in a hotel during
vacation last year
When you are wishing for something in the present,
the main verb should be in the past. The following are
examples of wishing that something was different in
the present.
Examples:
1.
2.
3.
3. take the bus this
morning
4. learn about
automotive repair
We all wish that it were not raining. (we don’t like
the rain right now)
I wish I had my book. (I want to have my book)
I wish things were better. (I want things to
be better)
When wishing that something had been different in the
past, the main verb should be in the past perfect. The
following are examples of wishing that something had
been different in the past.
Example:
1.
2.
3.
She wishes that she had come with us. (she did
not come)
I wish I had finished working last night. (I did not
finish)
We wish they had voted in the election. (they did
not vote)
Eleventh Grade - English 229
UNIT 1
Conversation and more
Listen to and read the following conversation. Look up
any new words in a dictionary.
Activity
Look at the people in the pictures below and write a
possible dream for each person.
1.
A: This whole area used to be farmland when we
were kids.
B: Yeah, there are a lot more houses now. But the road
here is a lot better than it used to be.
A: Yes, it is. Before the bus started coming out here,
we were used to walking. Now almost nobody
walks to town.
B: And those who don’t take the bus drive. I see that
your neighbor has a new pickup.
A: Yeah, that pickup is mostly used to bring produce
to the market. It belongs to Danilo Alas.
B: Ah, Danilo Alas, didn’t he used to live on the other
side of the river?
A: Yes, he moved here about 10 years ago. In fact, his
old truck was used to bring materials when they
were building the road.
B: There have been a lot of changes since the last time
I visited. I’m not used to seeing so many cars in
this neighborhood.
10
Activity
1. Write the two sentences from the text above in
which “used to” referred to purpose.
2. Write the two sentences from the text above in
which “used to” meant accustomed.
3. Write the three sentences from the text above in
which “used to” referred to the past.
230 English - Eleventh Grade
2.
3.
11
UNIT 1
Hands on! 1E
An anecdote is a brief account of an event from real
life involving real people. Anecdotes are interesting
and often humorous in nature. They are very short
stories that can uncover characteristics about a specific
person or illustrate the workings of an institution. For
an example of an anecdote, refer to the story of General
Gerardo Barrios meeting Pope Pius IX on page 21.
Look for anecdotes involving the famous person you
are researching. In your oral presentation, an anecdote
can be an excellent way to present your favorite famous perosn.
12
Activity
Write a brief but funny anecdote about an incident
involving someone you know. Remember that the
difference between a joke and an anecdote is that unlike a
joke, an anecdote is true!
Activity
13
Read the anecdotes and answer the questions below.
One day the British musician David Swarbrick found
his obituary printed in the London newspaper,
The Daily Telegraph. After learning of the mistake,
the paper printed the following correction: “Mr
Swarbrick, who was reported dead in yesterday’s
Daily Telegraph, is recovering well.”
1. What does the anecdote tell you about the
newspaper The Daily Telegraph? Is everything
printed in the newspaper accurate?
2. Do you think that the editors at The Daily
Telegraph have a sense of humor?
Nancy Astor, the first female member of the British
House of Commons, and British Prime Minister
Winston Churchill had many disagreements. On
one occasion Nancy Astor said, “Winston, if I were
your wife, I’d put poison in your coffee.” To which
Churchill replied, “Nancy, if I were your husband, I’d
drink it.”
3. What does Winston Churchill’s reply in this
anecdote tell you about his personality?
Lesson core
In this lesson you have looked at biographical
passages and considered the use of an anecdote
as a way to reveal something about a person or
institution. You have practiced speaking about
dreams and wishes and studied the differences
in meaning and sentence construction between
the words “wish” and “hope”. You have also
memorized the differences in spelling and
meaning between several common homophones.
Eleventh Grade - English 231
UNIT 1
Which sentence is correct?
a) I wish I can fly.
b) I wish I will can fly.
c) I wished I can fly.
d) I wish I could fly.
3.c
2
3
How did Betty Ford increase breast
cancer awareness?
a) She opened a cancer clinic.
b) She was doctor who studied cancer.
c) She spoke openly about her cancer and surgery.
d) She was Gerald Ford’s wife and he lost the election of 1976.
4
Which of the following two words are
homophones?
a) by, buy
b) sit, seat
c) wish, fish
d) corn, maize
2. d
1
1. c
Choose the letter that best answers each question.
What sentiment does the following
sentence express? “I’d love to learn
another language.”
a) a command
b) surprise
c) a desire
d) disgust
Answers:
Self evaluation
4. a
MARTIN RAMIREZ, ONE OF THE GREAT 20TH
CENTURY ARTISTS
Martin Ramirez, a Mexican immigrant born in 1895,
spent more than 30 years in Californian psychiatric
hospitals. When Ramirez was 30, he left his pregnant
wife and three children in Mexico to find work in
California. Ramirez spoke no English. His inability to
communicate may have resulted in him being placed
in a psychiatric hospital. In 1948, Ramirez wound up
at DeWitt State Hospital in Auburn, Calif.
At DeWitt, Ramirez created pictures of men riding
horses, religious figures, trains coming out of tunnels
and landscapes incorporating rhythmic lines. He
made his own paint by grinding up crayons and
colored pencils, and mixing them with his own spit in
a little pot. Today, more than 40 years after his death,
Ramirez has been hailed as one of the greatest artists
of the 20th century.
232 English - Eleventh Grade
Answer Key
Activity 6: Lesson 1
Activity 1: Activity 2: Activity 3: Activity 4: Activity 5: Activity 6: Activity 7: Activity 8: Activity 9: Activity 10: Answers may vary.
1. 7 2. 50% 3. 10 4. chinook salmon 5. The government of British Columbia collects $500 million every year in license fees. 6. Ken Balcomb would like to stop all fishing.
1. time clause 2. time clause 3. main clause 4. time clause 5. main clause
1. After she graduated, she got a job. 2. We haven’t seen him since he came back from Canada. 3. As I heard the news, I called her up. 4. We didn’t continue our trip until the rain stopped. 5. The electricity went off when Karla was turning on the computer.
1. generous 2honest 3.spoiled 4.skeptical. 5.big mouth
1. creative 2. disciplined 3. dedicated
4. thoughtful 5. open minded
6. talkative 7. religious 8. forgetful
9. interesting 10. disgusting
1. compositions 2. Romantic
3. Nicaraguan 4. influence 5. diplomat 6. inventor 7. useable 8. legends
9. Fathers 10. Revolution
1. since 2.whenever 3. until 4. as soon as 5. before 6. when
Answers may vary.
1. While in Rome visiting Pope John Paul II, “Mother Teresa suffered a heart attack in 1983. 2. She received an artificial pacemaker after a second
attack in 1989. 3. She suffered further heart problems in 1991 after a battle with pneumonia while in Mexico.
Activity 2: Activity 3:
Activity 4: Activity 5: Activity 7: Activity 8: Activity 9: Activity 10:
Activity 11: Activity 12:
Activity 13:
Activity 14:
Activity 15: Activity 16:
Activity 17: Activity 18: 1. 15 2. Pius the IX 3. He ordered the planting of coffee. 4. He was sentenced to death.
3, 2, 5, 1, 4
1. voiced 2. unvoiced 3. unvoiced 4. unvoieced 5. unvoiced
1. Albert Einstein.2. Isaac Newton
3. Christopher Columbus
4. Johann Gutenberg
1. The Long Jump 2. Germany 3. Jesse Owens 4. They wrote letters to each other 5. He died while fighting in World War II
Answers may vary.
1. She is a painter 2. Her mother 3. Go walking 4. Nature
Answers may vary
1. always 2. is 3. trying to 4. never 5. started
1. Susie has never been to Australia. 2. We have already read the instructions. 3. My friend has never eaten tamales. 4. Her pet has always learned new tricks. 5. Their favorite actor has already won an Oscar.
1. unvoiced 2. voiced 3. unvoiced 4. unvoiced 5. voiced 6. unvoiced 7. unvoiced 8. unvoiced 9. unvoiced 10. voiced
1. watched 2. behaved 3. laughed
4. painted 5. kissed
1. They have never learned Chinese.
2. I have always told the truth. 3. She has already typed the form. 4. Carlos has already thanked her. 5. My sister has never cooked Mexican food.
Lesson 3
Lesson 2
Activity 1:
1. life 2. unable 3. blind 4. communicate 5. ralize 6. first 7. imaging 8. German
1. She got sick 2. Anne Sullivan 3. by touch 4. French, German, Greek, Latin
Answers may vary.
1. helmet 2. clay 3. weights 4. swim
5. playing 6. Actors
1. surfing 2. coastline 3. waves
4. temperature5. year round
6. take advantage
Activity 1: Activity 2: Activity 3: Activity 4: Answers may vary.
1. Puerto Rico 2. Spanish Harlem, New York City 3. Juilliard School of music 4. Afro- Cuban and Caribbean
Answers may vary.
One of Tito Puente’s best known compositions is “Oye Como Va.” This song was made famous after being recorded by Carlos Santana in 1970.
Eleventh Grade - English 233
Answer Key
Activity 5: Activity 6: Activity 7: Activity 8: Activity 9: Activity 10: Activity 11:
Activity 12:
Activity 13: Activity 14: 1. reckless 2. religious, dedicated 3. intelligent 4. conceited 5. selfish
Intelligent dedicated charismatic
and religious
1. everybody 2. national 3. third
4. weekend 5. leader
Answers may vary.
Answers may vary.
1. Her parents 2. He wants to relax 3. Because they didn’t stop tp talk with them 4. yes
1. no chance 2. disagreed 3. perhaps 4. agreed 5. I suppose 6. definetily
1. Have you ever parachuted into the town? 2. Hasn’t he been to the computer lab yet? 3. Have you ever worked as a salesperson? 4. Have they had lunch yet? 5. Has your Dad gotten off of work yet? Have you ever been to Los Angeles?
1. I have worked at the store since (ever since) last August. 2. She has been sleeping for about an hour. 3. He has been in the shower for just a few minutes. 4. We have been waiting for you since 2:00. 5. I have been driving since I turned 18. 6. I have been married for twenty two years.
1. ever (already) 2. since (ever since)
3. for 4. yet 5. already 6. for 7. yet
8. since (ever since) 9. for 10. ever
Lesson 4
Activity 1: Activity 2:
Activity 3:
Activity 4: Activity 5: 1. big fires 2. Mom 3. No 4. When he cleans the closet 5. He has to fix it
Answers may vary.
1. I used to go bowling 2. I used to go fishing 3. I used to go surfing 4. I used to make jewelry 5. I used to stay with my grandparents 6. I used to do a lot of gardening
1. past routine 2. purpose 3. purpose
4. purpose 5. past routine 6. purpose
Answers may vary.
234 English - Eleventh Grade
Activity 6: Activity 7: Activity 8: Activity 9: Activity 10: Activity 11:
Activity 12: Activity 13: Activity 14:
Answers may vary.
2, 3, 1
1. We are used to eating Salvadoran food. 2. I am used to dressing informally. 3. Kevin is used to driving
small cars. 4. I am used to doing my own laundry. 5. We all are used to
working late.
1. False 2. True 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. True
Answers may vary.
1. California 2. No 3. 1983 4. Austria 5. bodybuilder, actor, Chairman of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, governor of California
Answers may vary.
1. Mr. Roberts is used to going with us to the stadium. 2. Her brother is used to playing chess in the afternoons.
3. I am used to swimming in cold water. 4. That actress is used to being famous. 5. My co-workers are used to
working overtime.
1. 2
Lesson 5
Activity 1: Activity 2: Activity 3: Activity 4: Activity 5: 1. Sarah wants to go to Miguel’s birthday party. 2. Miguel lives in Santa Ana. 3. Sarah hopes to find a job in Santa Ana next year. 4. Sarah wishes that she and Miguel lived
closer together.
1. My dad hopes I become a lawyer. My Dad wishes I became a lawyer.
2. We hope they come. We wish they came. 3. I hope we see each other more often. I wish we saw each other more often. 4. I hope the bus comes sooner. I wish the bus came sooner.
5. The owners hope their store does not burn down. The owners wish their store didn’t burn down.
Answers may vary.
1. Gerald Ford 2. drug and alcohol rehabilitation 3. breast cancer 4. alcoholism and addiction to pain killers
Answers may vary.
Answer Key
Activity 6: Activity 7: Activity 8: Activity 9: Activity 10: 1. know 2. peace 3. too 4. weigh
5. principal 6. meet 7. mail 8. deer
Answers may vary
1. I wish I had been an olympic athlete. 2. I wish I had stayed in a hotel during vacation last year. 3. I wish I had taken the bus this morning 4. l I wish I had learned about automotive repair.
B. E. A. D. C.
1. Yeah, that pick-up is mostly used to bring produce to the market. In fact, his old truck was used to bring materials when they were building the road. Activity 11: Activity 12: Activity 13: 2. Before the bus started coming out here, we were used to walking. Now almost nobody walks to town. I’m not used to seeing so many cars in this neighborhood. 3. Ah, Danilo Alas, didn’t he used to live on the other side of the river? But the road here is
a lot better than it used to be. This whole area used to be farmland when we were kids.
Answers may vary.
Answers may vary.
Answers may vary.
Hands on!
“Speaking about famous people”
Purpose
In this project, you will prepare an oral presentation about a famous person that you choose to study. Your presentation
should be three to five minutes long. You will have the opportunity to use vocabulary related to character traits and
accomplishments. You will also need to use time expressions to arrange events in chronological order.
Theory and practice
Remember that your goal is for the people that are listening to learn something about the person you are talking
about. In your presentation, you must capture the attention of the people you are talking to. It should be interesting
and to the point. An anecdote can help you make a point about the person you are describing while maintaining the
attention of your audience.
Development
When giving an oral presentation, it is best not to read a prepared document. Instead, make a list of points that you
want to touch on. Remember that it is the action and the drama that people tend to remember. Dates are important
for putting a person or event in context, but be careful not to overwhelm your listeners with too many dates
and numbers.
Wrap up
Practice giving your presentation several times using only the list of points that you have prepared. That way, you
will have already discovered which things are more difficult to explain. By looking up certain words and expressions,
you will be better prepared for the presentation. Before giving your presentation, consider what you feel is most
important about the biography you are presenting. Make sure that the most important point is clearly made at the
end of your presentation.
Eleventh Grade - English 235
Resources
For the complete article about orca whales and other wildlife topics, visit National
Wildlife Magazine:
http://www.nwf.org/nationalwildlife
The complete interview with Pixar founder, Dr. Ed Catmul:
http://wyndowe.googlepages.com/iinnovate15:edcatmul,founderofpixar
For a complete biography of General Captain Gerardo Barrios:
http://embajada.el-salvador.org.uk/el-salvador/culture/general-gerardo-barios/
For a very interesting video of Helen Keller with her teacher Anne Sullivan
describing the technique used to teach Helen how to speak:
http://www.afb.org/braillebug/hkgallery.asp?tpid=3
For more information on Betty Ford or other First Ladies:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/firstladies/
For information on the Nobel Prizes and Nobel Prize winners:
http://nobelprize.org
For more information about Tito Puente and his music:
http://www.musicofpuertorico.com/index.php/artists/tito_puente/
For more anecdotes involving British Prime Minister Winston Churchill:
http://www.bizbag.com/Churchill/winston_churchill_anecdotes.htm
236 English - Eleventh Grade