A través dels supercapacitadors per l`emmagatzematge d`energia

HAGA CLIC PARA MODIFICAR EL ESTILO DE
ESTAT
ACTUAL
TÍTULO
DEL
PATRÓN I PERSPECTIVES INDUSTRIALS
DE L’EMMAGATZEMATGE ELECTROQUÍMIC
D’ENERGIA ELÈCTRICA
A través dels supercapacitadors per
l’emmagatzematge d’energia
Mireia Blanes
1 de total
[email protected]
OUTLINE
•
FAE OVERVIEW
o R&D in FAE
SUPERCAPACITORS STRATEGY IN FAE
HAGA CLIC PARA oMODIFICAR EL ESTILO DE
TÍTULO DEL PATRÓN • o SUPERCAPACITORS
INTRODUCTION
o
o
SUPERCAPACITORS PERFORMANCE
o CLASSIFICATION
ADVANTADGES-DISADVANTADGES COMPARED TO BATTERIES
o
•
APPLICATIONS
o HYBRID VEHICLE
ULTRACAPACITORS COMBINED WITH BATTERIES
o STORAGE FOR ENERGY HARVEST
o CASE STUDIES
•
•
MARKET
CONCLUSIONS
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FAE OVERVIEW
FAE - Francisco Albero S.A.U. designs and produces electrical and
electronic products for the automotive market. It offers a wide
range of products with over 3,000 references.
FAE exports 75% of its turnover and is currently present in more than
80 countries.
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FAE is specialized in developing components which provide
information to the Electronic Control Unit (ECU), Oxygen sensors,
Temperature and Pressure Sensors, Timing Sensors, Knock
Sensors and others.
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R&D IN FAE
Since 2000, investment in R+D has been in excess of 5% of annual sales.
In collaboration with several technical centres, other products have been developed in
several
fields beyond automotive
components:
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SUPERCAPACITORS STRATEGY
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Hybrid/electric vehicle market is
expected to grow over the long
term due to higher government
fuel efficiency standards and
increasing gas prices.
Ultracapacitors will need to be
adopted in hybrid/ electric vehicle
power systems.
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EDLC: STRUCTURE
•
An EDLC consists of two non-reactive porous plates suspended within an electrolyte and
separated by a membrane.
HAGA
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• Store energy
by polarizing an electrolytic
solution.
Though it is an electrochemical
are no chemical reactions involved in its energy storage mechanism.
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•
As voltage is applied, charge accumulates on the electrode surfaces. Ions in the electrolyte solution
diffuse across the separator into the pores of the electrode of opposite charge. Thus, a double-layer
of charge is produced at each electrode.
• In ultracapacitors, charge separation distance is determined by the size of the ions in the
electrolyte, which are attracted to the charged electrode. This charge separation is much smaller
than can be accomplished using conventional dilectric materials.
The combination of enormous surface area
and extremely small charge separation
gives the ultracapacitor its outstanding
capacitance relative to conventional capacitors
http://www.enerize.com/superCap.php
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EDLC: PRINCIPLE OF CONSTRUCTION
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Current collector: Metal contacts are used
as current collectors .
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• Electrode:
activated carbon highly
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DELHighly
PATRÓN
porous, with extraordinarily high specific
surface area, good conductivity, high
temperature and chemical stability and also
corrosion resistant
•
•
Electrolyte: It contains dissolved and
solvated ions that migrate to and from the
electrodes during charge and discharge.
Electrolytes can be aqueous and organic.
Separator must provide electronic insulation
between the electrode of opposite
polarization and must support ionic
conduction from one electrode to another.
http://www. murata.com
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ADVANTADGES-DISADVANTAGES COMPARED TO
BATTERIES
ü Advantages
û Disadvantages
ü Rapid charging: it takes a second to
û They have low energy density
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completely.
û Individual cell shows low voltage
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ü High
power
storage: It stores huge
û They have higher self-discharge as
amount of energy in a small volume.
compared to battery.
ü Faster release: Release the energy
much faster than battery.
ü Good reversibility
ü Long life: It works for a large number of
cycles.
ü Low toxicity of materials used.
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SUPERCAPACITORS CLASSIFICATION
TheEL
maximum
or rated
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depends on
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the electrolyte used in the device.
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APPLICATIONS
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SUPERCAPS IN HYBRID VEHICLE
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IDTechEx_Europe2016 Printed Electronics
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SUPERCAPS IN HYBRID VEHICLE
In regenerative systems the energy capture comes from the
vehicle braking system and is subsequently used in
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acceleration.
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Ultracapacitor technology is ideally suited to REGENERATIVE BRAKING
because:
ü They deliver many times more power for weight than lithium-ion
batteries.
ü They have efficiencies of up to 98%.
ü They are tolerant of high temperatures.
ü They charge almost instantly.
ü They are one of the cheapest technologies available for power discharges
below 15 secs.
It’s projected that as many as half of new cars
will be fitted with these systems by 2022.
Renewable and sustainable Energy Reviews 39 (2014) 1119-1126
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http://articles.sae.org/11845/
SUPERCAPS IN HYBRID VEHICLE
START-STOP SYSTEMS
Start-stop applications enable an engine to shut down when it comes to a
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at a red
light, or
when sitting in traffic.
As soon DE
as the driver resumes,
ultracapacitors
then provide a short burst of energy that restarts the
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motor.
Ultracapacitors are already installed in
over 1 million start/stop vehicles to
support the restart of the engine.
This application is the first one that is
potentially a mass market application in
the world-wide auto industry.
research report-UCD-ITS-RR-14-23
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ULTRACAPACITORS COMBINED WITH BATTERIES
DRAWBACKS OF BATTERIES IN HYBRID VEHICLES
• Rapid, deep discharges to power acceleration apply stress to batteries and shorten
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their life. To make batteries last longer, they are usually oversized, adding volume,
weight and cost to the energy storage system.
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•
Batteries perform poorly at low temperatures and the high temperatures common in
engine compartments also impair battery performance, shorten battery life and can
create serious safety hazards.
http://www.maxwell.com/
It is demonstrated that an integrated system combining batteries with ultracapacitors
dramatically improve braking energy recuperation efficiency and eliminate the need
for battery over-sizing, reducing the weight and cost of the entire system.
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STORAGE FOR ENERGY HARVEST
Renewable energies where the supercapacitor improves the
reliability of the grid.
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• The power generated by WT and PV systems is highly dependent on weather
TÍTULO
DELNatural
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conditions.
variations in wind speed and sunlight causes power fluctuations in
those systems. In addition, it is difficult to store the power generated for future use.
•
Since supercapacitors are easily charged/discharged in various powers, they are
suitable for energy storage of energy harvesters which have unstable power
generation device.
J.M. Miller, Power and Energy Series 59 , 149
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CASE STUDIES
Yangshan Deep Water Port, Shanghai
ISSUE
Quay
cranes cause
significant voltage
fluctuationsDE
on the local grid for 10-15
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seconds at a time.
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The port is located at the end of a 20 mile bridge, and increasing the transmission line
capacity was deemed too costly.
SOLUTION An energy storage system to smooth out voltage fluctuations caused by crane
operation, without requiring a larger transmission line.
Supercap System Specification: 3 MW rated power, 17.2 kWh stored energy 20 seconds
of reserve power
•
STATUS AND RESULTS: Fully operational for 18 months
ü 38% reduction in peak demand grid energy
ü Est. $2.9M in energy savings (1 million cycles, 10 years)
ü Est. $41M in savings related to improved efficiency/reduced maintenance on
transmission lines (8000h operation/yr.,10 years)
http://www.maxwell.com/
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MARKET
The ultra capacitor market has grown through application to consumer electronics. The most
typical case is mobile phone applications such as memories and time clocks. Based on these
applications, the global ultra capacitor market recorded 480 billion won in 2011.
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However, it DEL
is expected
that the market growth will be led by transportation applications in the
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future, reaching 840 billion won in 2015 and 1 trillion 250 billion won in 2020 at the annual
growth rate of 11.3%.
The ultra-small and small product
(less than 1F) markets are expected
to grow slightly, but the medium and
large product (more than 1F)
markets will grow. It is
also expected that the ultra-large
product market (more than 1000F)
will grow rapidly especially in the
field of transportation.
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SMALL AND MEDIUM ULTRACAPACITOR COMPANIES
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3000F Maxwell Ultracapacitor
Renewable and Sustainable Reviews 39 (2014) 1119-1126
5000F Yunasko hybrid ultracapacitor
Skeleton Technologies founded in 2009
YUNASKO LTD founded in early 2010
3000F Nesscap Ultracapacitor
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3200F Skeleton Technologies device
CONCLUSIONS
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• Ultracapacitors
offer
a promising alternative
approachDE
to meeting the increasing
power demands of energy storage systems and electronic devices. With their high
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power
density,
ability to perform in extreme temperatures, and millions of chargerecharge cycle capabilities,
•
It’s fast energy release, make supercapacitors the best choice for high peak power
function, applications such as regenerative braking and start-stop systems
•
Supercapacitors are easily charged/discharged in various powers. Therefore they are
suitable for energy storage of energy harvesters with unstable power generation.
•
Analyses of the hybrid/electric vehicle market project that global annual sales will
reach 3.8 million units by 2020.
•
Supercapacitors improve the performance of batteries and prolong their life.
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Thank you