iv. xi. trabajo a turnos y nocturno

7UDEDMRDWXUQRV\QRFWXUQR
,9;,75$%$-2$785126<12&78512
,1752'8&&,Ï1 (O WUDEDMR QRFWXUQR \ D WXUQRV HVWi FDGD YH] PiV H[WHQGLGR SRU GLVWLQWDV UD]RQHV HFRQyPLFDV GH
SURGXFFLyQ
'HVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDGHVDOXGODERUDOHOWUDEDMRDWXUQRVGHEHRUJDQL]DUVHWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDTXHVH
KDQGHSUHYHQLUVXVLPSOLFDFLRQHVVREUHODVDOXGGHORVWUDEDMDGRUHV\DTXHHOWLHPSRGHWUDEDMRHVXQRGH
ORV DVSHFWRV GH ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GH WUDEDMR TXH WLHQH XQD UHSHUFXVLyQ PiV GLUHFWD VREUH OD YLGD GLDULD (O
Q~PHURGHKRUDVWUDEDMDGDV\VXGLVWULEXFLyQSXHGHQDIHFWDUQRVyORDODFDOLGDGGHYLGDHQHOWUDEDMRVLQR
DODYLGDH[WUDODERUDO
0$5&2/(*$/
/DOHJLVODFLyQH[LVWHQWHVREUHHVWHWHPDHVWiUHFRJLGDHQ
o
5'GHGHPDU]RSRUHOTXHVHDSUXHEDHOWH[WRUHIXQGLGRGHOD/H\GHO(VWDWXWRGH
ORV7UDEDMDGRUHV%2(PDU]R6HGHILQHHOFRQFHSWRGHWUDEDMR\WUDEDMDGRUQRFWXUQR
(VWDEOHFH TXH QR GHEHUi WUDEDMDUVH HQ WXUQR GH QRFKH PiV GH GRV VHPDQDV VHJXLGDV VDOYR
YROXQWDULDPHQWHTXHORVWUDEDMDGRUHVQRFWXUQRVGHEHUiQJR]DUGHODVPLVPDVFRQGLFLRQHVTXHHO
UHVWR GH ORV WUDEDMDGRUHV HQ PDWHULD GH SURWHFFLyQ GH VDOXG \ VHJXULGDG DVt FRPR TXH ORV
WUDEDMDGRUHVQRFWXUQRVGHEHUiQWHQHUODJDUDQWtDSRUSDUWHGHOHPSUHVDULRGHTXHVHUHDOLFHXQD
HYDOXDFLyQ JUDWXLWD GH OD VDOXG HQ SHUtRGRV UHJXODUHV /RV WUDEDMDGRUHV D ORV TXH VH OHV
UHFRQR]FDQSUREOHPDVGHVDOXGOLJDGRVFRQHOWUDEDMRQRFWXUQRWLHQHQGHUHFKRDVHUGHVWLQDGRVD
XQSXHVWRGLXUQR'HWHUPLQDHOSHULRGRPtQLPRHQWUHMRUQDGDVHQKRUDV
o
5'GHGHVHSWLHPEUHVREUHMRUQDGDVHVSHFLDOHVGHWUDEDMR%2(VHSWLHPEUH
(Q HO DUWtFXOR VH SUHYp OD SRVLELOLGDG GH DFXPXODU SRU SHUtRGRV GH KDVWD FXDWUR
VHPDQDV HO PHGLR GtD GH GHVFDQVR VHPDQDO \ GH UHGXFLU HO WLHPSR PtQLPR GH GHVFDQVR HQWUH
WXUQRV KDVWD XQ PtQLPR GH VLHWH KRUDV SUHYLHQGR OD FRPSHQVDFLyQ KDVWD KRUDV HQ ORV GtDV
VLJXLHQWHV
o
/H\GHGHQRYLHPEUHGH3UHYHQFLyQGH5LHVJRV/DERUDOHV%2(GHGHQRYLHPEUH
GH(QHODUWtFXORVREUHSURWHFFLyQDODPDWHUQLGDGLQFOX\HFRPRPHGLGDSDUDSUHYHQLU
SRVLEOHVUHSHUFXVLRQHVVREUHHOHPEDUD]RRODODFWDQFLDODQRUHDOL]DFLyQGHOWUDEDMRQRFWXUQRRD
WXUQRV
'(),1,&,21(6
6HJ~QHOHVWDWXWRGHORVWUDEDMDGRUHVVHGHILQH
•
7UDEDMR D WXUQRV ³WRGD IRUPD GH RUJDQL]DFLyQ GHO WUDEDMR HQ HTXLSR VHJ~Q OD FXDO ORV
WUDEDMDGRUHV RFXSDQ VXFHVLYDPHQWH ORV PLVPRV SXHVWRV GH WUDEDMR VHJ~Q XQ FLHUWR ULWPR
FRQWLQXR R GLVFRQWLQXR LPSOLFDQGR SDUD HO WUDEDMDGRU OD QHFHVLGDG GH SUHVWDU VXV VHUYLFLRV HQ
KRUDVGLIHUHQWHVHQXQSHUtRGRGHWHUPLQDGRGHGtDVRGHVHPDQDV´
•
7UDEDMR QRFWXUQR HO TXH WLHQH OXJDU ³HQWUH ODV GH OD QRFKH \ ODV GH OD PDxDQD´ \ VH
FRQVLGHUDWUDEDMDGRUQRFWXUQRDOTXH³LQYLHUWHQRPHQRVGHWUHVKRUDVGHVXWUDEDMRGLDULRRDO
PHQRVXQDWHUFHUDSDUWHGHVXMRUQDGDDQXDOHQHVWHWLSRGHKRUDULR´
3UHYHQFLyQGH5LHVJRV/DERUDOHVHQHOVHFWRUGHOWUHILODGRGHODFHUR
7UDEDMRDWXUQRV\QRFWXUQR
•
6LVWHPDGLVFRQWLQXRHOWUDEDMRVHLQWHUUXPSHQRUPDOPHQWHSRUODQRFKH\HOILQGHVHPDQD
6XSRQHSXHVGRVWXUQRVXQRGHPDxDQD\XQRGHWDUGH
•
6LVWHPD VHPLFRQWLQXR OD LQWHUUXSFLyQ HV VHPDQDO 6XSRQH WUHV WXUQRV PDxDQD WDUGH \
QRFKHFRQGHVFDQVRORVGRPLQJRV
•
6LVWHPD FRQWLQXR HO WUDEDMR VH UHDOL]D GH IRUPD LQLQWHUUXPSLGD (O WUDEDMR TXHGD FXELHUWR
GXUDQWH WRGR HO GtD \ GXUDQWH WRGRV ORV GtDV GH OD VHPDQD 6XSRQH PiV GH WUHV WXUQRV \ HO
WUDEDMRQRFWXUQR
(9$/8$&,Ï1
$SHVDUGHTXHODVDOWHUDFLRQHVGHELGDVDOWUDEDMRDWXUQRVHVWiQPX\HVWXGLDGDVHVGLItFLOHQFRQWUDUHQ
QXHVWURSDtVPpWRGRVYDOLGDGRVTXHSHUPLWDQODHYDOXDFLyQGHHVWRVIDFWRUHV
3DUD UHDOL]DU XQD HYDOXDFLyQ GH ULHVJRV GHULYDGRV GHO WUDEDMR D WXUQRV HV UHFRPHQGDEOH UHFXUULU D
YHUVLRQHVUHGXFLGDVGHORVPpWRGRVH[LVWHQWHV
8QR GH ORV PpWRGRV PiV FLWDGRV HQ OD ELEOLRJUDItD HVSHFLDOL]DGD HV HO 6WDQGDUG 6KLIWZRUN ,QGH[ 66,
TXH FRQVLVWH HQ XQD EDWHUtD GH FXHVWLRQDULRV DXWRDGPLQLVWUDGRV TXH FRQWHPSODQ ODV YDULDEOHV PiV
VLJQLILFDWLYDV
/RVIDFWRUHVTXHGHEHQDQDOL]DUVHVHSXHGHQRUJDQL]DUHQWUHVJUXSRV
•
3UREOHPDVGHVDOXGItVLFD\SVLFROyJLFD
•
$OWHUDFLRQHVGHOVXHxR
•
'LILFXOWDGHVHQODYLGDIDPLOLDU\VRFLDO
,1&219(1,(17(6'(/75$%$-2$785126
(VLPSRUWDQWHGLVHxDUHOWUDEDMRDWXUQRVGHPDQHUDTXHVHDORPHQRVQRFLYRSRVLEOHSDUDODVDOXGGHO
WUDEDMDGRU7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODVDOWHUDFLRQHVTXHSURGXFH
$OWHUDFLRQHVELROyJLFDV
(O RUJDQLVPR KXPDQR WLHQH XQRV ULWPRV ELROyJLFRV HV GHFLU ODV IXQFLRQHV ELROyJLFDV VLJXHQ XQDV
UHSHWLFLRQHVFtFOLFDV\UHJXODUHV(VWRVULWPRVVXHOHQFODVLILFDUVHHQ
•
5LWPRVXOWUDGLDQRV6XSHULRUHVDKRUDV
•
5LWPRVFLUFDGLDQRV'HKRUDV
•
5LWPRVLQIUDGLDQRV,QIHULRUHVDKRUDV
/RV FLUFDGLDQRV VRQ ORV PiV DIHFWDGRV SRU HO WUDEDMR D WXUQRV DO FDPELDU ORV FLFORV GH VXHxR YLJLOLD
HVWRVULWPRVVHGHVHTXLOLEUDQSHURUHFXSHUDQODQRUPDOLGDGFXDQGRVHYXHOYHDXQKRUDULRQRUPDO
(OWUDEDMRDWXUQRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHHOWUDEDMRQRFWXUQRIXHU]DDODSHUVRQDDLQYHUWLUVXFLFORQRUPDOGH
DFWLYLGDGGHVFDQVRORTXHDFDUUHDXQFDPELRHQODVIXQFLRQHVFRUSRUDOHVTXHDXPHQWDFRQHOQ~PHURGH
QRFKHVWUDEDMDGDVSHURQROOHJDQXQFDDVHUFRPSOHWR(OFXHUSRHVWiVRPHWLGRDXQDWHQVLyQFRQWLQXDHQ
VXLQWHQWRGHDGDSWDUVHDOFDPELRGHULWPR
3UHYHQFLyQGH5LHVJRV/DERUDOHVHQHOVHFWRUGHOWUHILODGRGHODFHUR
7UDEDMRDWXUQRV\QRFWXUQR
$OWHUDFLRQHVGHOVXHxR
3DUDUHFXSHUDUVHGHODIDWLJDGLDULDHVQHFHVDULRGRUPLUFRQYDULDFLRQHVLQGLYLGXDOHVDOUHGHGRUGHVLHWH
KRUDVGXUDQWHODQRFKHGHPDQHUDTXHSXHGDQGDUVHWRGDVODVIDVHVGHOVXHxR\VHIDFLOLWHODUHFXSHUDFLyQ
ItVLFDGXUDQWHODVSULPHUDVKRUDVGHVXHxR\ODUHFXSHUDFLyQItVLFDHQODVKRUDVVLJXLHQWHV
(QHOWUDEDMRDWXUQRVHVWRQRHVSRVLEOH\DTXHHOVXHxRVHYHDOWHUDGRQRSURGXFLpQGRVHQXQFDXQD
DGDSWDFLyQSOHQDDOFDPELR
$OWHUDFLRQHVGHODYLGDVRFLDO
/D VRFLHGDG HV XQD FXOWXUD GLXUQD FX\DV DFWLYLGDGHV FRWLGLDQDV VLJXHQ XQD SURJUDPDFLyQ VRFLDO SRU
EORTXHV WHPSRUDOHV SRU HMHPSOR ODV WDUGHV QRFKHV R ILQHV GH VHPDQD VH HPSOHDQ SDUD OD LQWHUDFFLyQ
IDPLOLDU\VRFLDO
(Q FRQVHFXHQFLD HO WUDEDMR D QRFWXUQR QR VyOR VLJQLILFD UHQXQFLDU D XQD FDQWLGDG GH WLHPSR VL QR D
FLHUWRVPRPHQWRVTXHWLHQHQPiVYDORUTXHRWURV\DTXHHOWLHPSROLEUHWDPELpQVHYDORUDHQIXQFLyQGHVX
VLWXDFLyQDORODUJRGHOGtDRODVHPDQD
(O WUDEDMR D WXUQRV HVSHFLDOPHQWH HO WXUQR GH QRFKH \ GH WDUGH GLILFXOWD ODV UHODFLRQHV VRFLDOHV \
IDPLOLDUHVGHELGRDODIDOWDGHFRLQFLGHQFLDFRQORVGHPiV
(VWRV WUDEDMDGRUHV VH HQFXHQWUDQ GHVIDVDGRV HQ UHODFLyQ FRQ HO HVWR GH OD VRFLHGDG OR TXH KDFH TXH
SXHGD DSDUHFHU XQD VHQVDFLyQ GH YLYLU DLVODGRV \ GH TXH QR VH HV QHFHVDULR SDUD ORV GHPiV FUHDQGR XQ
VHQWLPLHQWRGHLQIHULRULGDGRFXOSDELOLGDGTXHGLILFXOWDODDFHSWDFLyQGHOKRUDULRQRFWXUQR
,QFLGHQFLDHQODDFWLYLGDGSURIHVLRQDO
/D EDMD DFWLYLGDG GHO RUJDQLVPR GXUDQWH OD QRFKH \ OD SRVLELOLGDG GH TXH ORV WUDEDMDGRUHV QRFWXUQRV
DFXPXOHQ IDWLJD SRU XQ VXHxR GHILFLHQWH KDFH TXH VH GHQ XQD VHULH GH UHSHUFXVLRQHV QHJDWLYDV VREUH OD
UHDOL]DFLyQ GHO WUDEDMR FRPR DFXPXODFLyQ GH HUURUHV GLILFXOWDG GH PDQWHQHU OD DWHQFLyQ GH SHUFLELU
FRUUHFWDPHQWHODLQIRUPDFLyQRGHDFWXDUFRQUDSLGH]
*HQHUDOPHQWHHQHOWXUQRGHQRFKHVHREWLHQHXQPHQRUUHQGLPLHQWR\XQDPHQRUFDOLGDGGHOWUDEDMR
UHDOL]DGRHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQWUHODV\ODVGHODPDGUXJDGD\DTXHHQHVWDVKRUDVODFDSDFLGDGGHDWHQFLyQ
\WRPDGHGHFLVLRQHVDVtFRPRODUDSLGH]\SUHFLVLyQGHORVPRYLPLHQWRVVRQPiVUHGXFLGDV
25*$1,=$&,Ï1'(/26785126<18(9$67(1'(1&,$6
7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODVFRQGLFLRQHVH[SXHVWDVDQWHULRUPHQWHVHGHEHHPSUHQGHUXQDSROtWLFDJOREDOHQ
ODTXHVHFRQVLGHUHQORVVLJXLHQWHVIDFWRUHV
9
9
/D HOHFFLyQ GH ORV WXUQRV VHUi GLVFXWLGD SRU ORV LQWHUHVDGRV VREUH OD EDVH GH XQD LQIRUPDFLyQ
FRPSOHWD\SUHFLVDTXHSHUPLWDWRPDUGHFLVLRQHVGHDFXHUGRFRQODVQHFHVLGDGHVLQGLYLGXDOHV
/RVWXUQRVGHEHUiQUHVSHWDUDOPi[LPRHOFLFORGHVXHxRHYLWDQGRTXHHOWXUQRGHPDxDQDHPSLHFH
DXQDKRUDGHPDVLDGRWHPSUDQD/RVFDPELRVGHWXUQRSXHGHQVLWXDUVHSRUHMHPSORHQWUHODV\
ODVKODV\ODVK\ODV\DOUHGHGRUGHODVK8QDYDULDEOHTXHVHGHEHWHQHUHQFXHQWD
HVODGLVWDQFLDHQWUHHOFHQWURGHWUDEDMR\HOGRPLFLOLRGHORVWUDEDMDGRUHV
3UHYHQFLyQGH5LHVJRV/DERUDOHVHQHOVHFWRUGHOWUHILODGRGHODFHUR
7UDEDMRDWXUQRV\QRFWXUQR
9
9
/RVWXUQRVGHQRFKH\GHWDUGHQXQFDVHUiQPiVODUJRVTXHORVGHPDxDQDSUHIHULEOHPHQWHVHUiQ
PiVFRUWRV
(QFXDQWRDODGXUDFLyQGHFDGDFLFORDFWXDOPHQWHVHWLHQGHDUHDOL]DUFLFORVFRUWRVVHUHFRPLHQGD
FDPELDUGHWXUQRFDGDGRVRWUHVGtDVSXHVSDUHFHVHUTXHGHHVWDPDQHUDORVULWPRVFLUFDGLDQRV
DSHQDVOOHJDQDDOWHUDUVH7DEODV6LQHPEDUJRODYLGDGHUHODFLyQVHKDFHPiVGLItFLOFRQXQULWPR
GH URWDFLyQ WDQ FDPELDQWH SRU OR TXH SXHGH H[LVWLU XQD FRQWUDGLFFLyQ HQWUH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD
ILVLROyJLFR\ODVQHFHVLGDGHVSVLFRVRFLDOHVGHORVLQGLYLGXRV(VWHHVXQRGHORVDVSHFWRVSRUORVTXH
HO SUREOHPD GH OD URWDFLyQ HV WDQ FRPSOHMR \ SRU OR TXH HV QHFHVDULR DGDSWDUOR D ODV QHFHVLGDGHV
LQGLYLGXDOHV\FRQWDUFRQODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHORVLQWHUHVDGRV
9
$XPHQWDU HO Q~PHUR GH SHUtRGRV HQ ORV TXH VH SXHGH GRUPLU GH QRFKH 3RVLELOLGDG GH GHVFDQVR
GHVSXpV GH KDFHU HO WXUQR GH QRFKH DFXPXODU GtDV GH GHVFDQVR \ FLFORV GH URWDFLyQ GLVWLQWRV D OR
ODUJRGHODxR
9
9
9
)DFLOLWDU FRPLGD FDOLHQWH \ HTXLOLEUDGD LQVWDODU HVSDFLRV DGHFXDGRV SUHYHU WLHPSR VXILFLHQWH SDUD
FRPHU
'LVPLQXFLyQ GHO Q~PHUR GH DxRV TXH HO LQGLYLGXR UHDOL]D WXUQRV OLPLWDFLyQ GH HGDG HWF /D 2,7
UHFRPLHQGDTXHDSDUWLUGHORVDxRVHOWUDEDMRQRFWXUQRFRQWLQXDGRVHDYROXQWDULR
5HGXFLUHQORSRVLEOHODFDUJDGHWUDEDMRHQHOWXUQRGHQRFKH3URJUDPDUDTXHOODVDFWLYLGDGHVTXH
VH FRQVLGHUDQ LPSUHVFLQGLEOHV LQWHQWDQGR HYLWDU WDUHDV TXH VXSRQJDQ XQD HOHYDGD DWHQFLyQ HQ OD
IUDQMDKRUDULDHQWUHODV\ODVKGHODPDGUXJDGD
9
9
9
9
'DUDFRQRFHUFRQDQWHODFLyQHOFDOHQGDULRFRQODRUJDQL]DFLyQGHORVWXUQRV
3DUWLFLSDFLyQGHORVWUDEDMDGRUHVHQODGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHORVHTXLSRV
0DQWHQHUORVPLVPRVPLHPEURVHQXQJUXSRGHPDQHUDTXHVHIDFLOLWHQODVUHODFLRQHVHVWDEOHV
(VWDEOHFHU XQ VLVWHPD GH YLJLODQFLD PpGLFD TXH GHWHFWH OD IDOWD GH DGDSWDFLyQ \ SXHGD SUHYHQLU
VLWXDFLRQHVLUUHYHUVLEOHV
$OJXQDVH[SHULHQFLDVUHFLHQWHVSURSRQHQODLQWURGXFFLyQGHFRUWRVSHULRGRVGHVXHxRGXUDQWHHOWXUQR
GHQRFKHWDQWRSRUVXIXQFLyQSUHYHQWLYDSDUDPDQWHQHUFRQGXFWDVFRUUHFWDVFRPRFRQILQHVUHSDUDGRUHV
(OKRUDULR\ODGXUDFLyQGHSHQGHUtDQGHODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHOLQGLYLGXRVLHQGRHVHQFLDOODUHJXODULGDG
3UHYHQFLyQGH5LHVJRV/DERUDOHVHQHOVHFWRUGHOWUHILODGRGHODFHUR