Glosario de fonética inglesa

PHONETICS GLOSSARY
English Word
Transcription
Spanish word
Accent
Acento
Acoustic phonetics
Fonética acústica
Affricate
Africada
Allophone
Alófono
Alveolar
Alveolar
Alveolar ridge
Amplitude of vibration
Amplitud de
vibración
Articulatory phonetics
Fonética
articulatoria
Assimilation
Asimilación
Meaning
The way a person
speaks, with differences
in the sounds that can
show the place a person
comes from, or their
social class.
The study of the
physical properties of
speech sounds.
Type of consonant
consisting of a stop
consonant followed by a
fricative; for example,
the initial sounds of
child and joy. Also
called affricative.
Affricate consonants are
/t / and /d /.
A different form of the
same sound or
phoneme.
Consonant pronuncied
using the blade of the
tongue close to the
alveolar ridge. In
English, alveolar
consonants are
/t/,/d/,/n/,/s/,/z/ y /l/.
Anatomy phonetics
ridge behind teeth: a
hard ridge in the mouth
immediately behind the
roots of the teeth.
The maximum
displacement of a
vibrating particle from
its position of rest.
The study of the way
the vocal organs are
used to produce speech
sounds.
Change of a sound in
speech so that it
becomes identical with
or similar to a
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Auditory phonetics
Fonética auditiva
Back vowel
Vocal posterior
neighbouring sound.
The study of the way
people perceive speech
sounds.
Vowel which is
produced in the back of
the tongue. Back vowels
are
[ ],[ ],[ ],[ ], [ ],[ ],[ ]
and [ ].
Bilabial
Bilabial
Central vowel
Vocal central
Close (or high) vowel
Close−mid vowel
Consonant
Vocal cerrada
Consonant pronounced
using both lips,by
bringing both lips into
contact with each other
or by rounding them.
English bilabials are /p/,
/b/ and /m/.
Vowel pronounced in
the central position of
the tongue. Central
vowels are [ ], [ ], [ ]
and
[ ].
A vocal, or sometimes a
whispered, sound
modified by resonance
in the oral passage, the
peculiar resonance in
each case giving to each
several vowel its
distinctive character or
quality as a sound of
speech.Close vowels are
[i], [ ], [ ], [ ],
[ ] and [u].
Vowel situated between
close vowels and
Vocal semicerrada open−mid vowels.
Close−mid vowels are
[e], [ ],[ ] and [ ].
Consonante
Sound formed by
stopping the air flowing
through the mouth. The
twenty two consonantic
phonemes in English
are: /p,b,,f,v,t,d,k,g,s,z, ,
,,,
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Dental /
Dental
Interdental
Diphtong
Diptongo
Disyllabic
Bisílaba
Elision
Elisión
Falling intonation
Entonación
descendente
Flap
Formant (spectrum)
Frequency
Frequency range
Fricative
,m, n,l,r,h/.
Consonant that is
formed by placing the
tongue against the back
of the top front teeth.
Vowels where two
vowel qualities can be
perceived.
A word composed of
two syllables.
Language omission of
element of word: the
omission of a vowel,
consonant, or syllable
while pronouncing or
writing something,
sometimes as a natural
shortening.
Intonation produced in
statements, wh
questions, question tags
and commands. The
intonation falls along
the sentence.
Articulation of
consonants consisting of
making a single tap be
the tongue tip against
the alveolar ridge, as in
some pronunciations of
/r/ or /d/.
Any of several
frequency regions of
relatively great intensity
in a sound spectrum,
Formante (espectro)
which together
determine the
characteristic quality of
a vowel sound.
The number of
occurrences within a
given time period.
Frecuencia
Sound frequency is
measured in cycles per
second.
The point where vowel
sounds are at their most
distinctive and
characteristic pitch.
Fricativa
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A consonant produced
by the forcing of breath
through a constricted
passage. Also called
spirant. In English,
fricative consonants are:
/f/, /v/, / /, / /, /s/, /z/,
/ / and / /.
Front vowel
Vocal anterior
Glottis
Glotis
Grapheme
Grafema
Hard palate
Paladar duro
Homograph
Homógrafa
Homophone
Homófona
Intensity
Intensidad
Intonation
Entonación
Vowel produced in the
front side of the tongue.
The opening between
the vocal chords at the
upper part of the larynx.
All of the letters and
letter combinations that
represent a phoneme.
The front side of the
palate.
One of two or more
words that have the
same spelling but differ
in origin, meaning, and
sometimes
pronunciation, such as
fair (pleasing in
appearance) and fair
(market).
One of two or more
words, such as night
and knight, that are
pronounced the same
but differ in meaning,
origin, and sometimes
spelling.
The magnitude of
sound.
The use of pitch in
speech to create contrast
and variation.
Consonant
Labio−dental
Labio−dental
Larynx
Laringe
articulated with the
lower lip and upper
teeth. Labio−dental
consonats are /f/ and /v/.
The expanded upper
end of the windpipe or
trachea, connected with
the hyoid bone or
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Lateral
Lateral
Liaison
Liaison
Lip
Labios
Minimal pair
Par mínimo
Monophthong (pure vowel)
Vocal pura
Monosyllabic
Monosílaba
Mouth
Boca
Nasal
Nasal
cartilage. It contains the
vocal cords, which
produce the voice by
their vibrations,when
they are stretched and a
current of air passes
between them. The
larynx is connected to
the pharynx by the
glottis.
Consonant produced by
making a partial closure
bye the blade of the
tongue against the
alveolar ridge, in such a
way that the air stream
is able to flow around
the sides of the tongue.
The lateral consonant is
/l/.
Pronunciation of the
usually silent final
consonant of a word
when followed by a
word beginning with a
vowel.
Either of two fleshy
folds that surround the
opening of the mouth.
Words differing in just
one sound, a pair of
words or other linguistic
expressions that are the
same except for one
sound, for example, bit
and pit.
Vowel with a single
perceived auditory
quality, made by a
movement of the tongue
towards one position in
the mouth.
A word which has only
a syllable.
The organ considered as
the speech language. It
consists of lips, teeth,
alveolus, palate, velum
and tongue.
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Consonant articulated
by lowering the soft
palate so that air
resonates in the nasal
cavities and passes out
the nose, as in the
pronunciation of the
consonants /m/, /n/ and
Neightbour sounds
Nose
Occlusion
Open (or low) vowel
/ /.
The sounds that are next
Contexto lingüístico
to a different one.
The organ that
cooperates with mouth
in breath and
Nariz
pronunciation. It makes
possible the
pronunciation of nasal
consonants.
Closure at some point in
the vocal tract that
Oclusión o cierre
blocks the flow of air in
the production of an
oral or nasal stop.
Vowel produced at the
front of the mouth, in
the lowest point that is
theoretically possible
Vocal abierta
for the body of the
tongue to reach. They
are [a], [ ], [ ] and [ ].
Opening
Apertura
Open−mid vowel
Vocal semiabierta
Palatal
Palatal
Palato−alveolar
Palato−alveolar
Articulated with the
tongue in a low
position, as the vowel / /
in far.
Vowel situated between
close−mid vowels and
open vowels. Open−mid
vowels are [ ], [ ],
[ ] and [ ].
Consonant which is
pronuncied by raising
the front of the tongue
close to the hadrd
palate, as in /j/.
Consonant pronuncied
by using the blade (and
sometimes the tip) of
the tongue towardds the
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roof of the mouth, as in
the consonants / /, / /, / /
and
Phoneme
Fonema
Phonetic alphabet
Pharynx
Faringe
Phonetics
Fonética
Phonology
Fonología
Plosive
Oclusiva
Polysyllabic
Polisílaba
Post−alveolar
Post−alveolar
/ /.
The smallest
meaningful sound in a
language. The English
phonemes are
represented in the
Phonetic Alphabet.
System of letters and
symbols that are used to
represent the individual
sounds of a language.
The passage to the
stomach and lungs; in
the front part of the
neck below the chin and
above the collar bone.
The study of the sound
systems of languages,
and of the general
properties displayed by
these systems. It only
studies the contrasts in
sound (the phonemes)
which make differences
of meaning within
language.
The science or doctrine
of the elementary
sounds uttered by the
human voice in speech,
including the various
distinctions,
modifications and
combinations of tones.
Of, relating to, or being
a speech sound
produced by complete
closure of the oral
passage and subsequent
release accompanied by
a burst of air, as in the
sound /p/ in pit or /d/ in
dog.
A word which has more
than two syllables.
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Consonant pronuncied
by using the tongue tip
close to just behind the
alveolar ridge, as in /r/.
Tiempo/
Rate
Cantidad
Received pronunciation
Pronunciación
recibida
Retroflex
Rhythm
Rising intonation
Roll or Trill
Segmental phoneme
Ritmo
Interval in which
sounds are produced.
The way Standard
English is spoken;
without regional
variations. Standard
English and RP are
widely used in the
media and by public
figures, so it has
prestige status and is
regarded by many as the
most desirable form of
the language.
Sound pronounced
using the tongue tip
curled back to well
behind the alveolar
ridge. For some accents,
the pronunciation of /r/
is this way.
The pattern of sound
that characterizes a
language, dialect, or
accent.
Intonation in Yes/No
questions and in short
pauses, that consists in
Entonación
starting lower and
ascendente
finishing with a louder
intonation.
Sound made by
vibrating vocal organs:
a sound or consonant
made by two vocal
organs vibrating rapidly
against each other, for
example, the tip of the
tongue vibrating against
the ridge behind the
front teeth.
Fonema segmental Phoneme that can be
isolated, such as
vowels, consonants,
diphtongs, triphtongs
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Semi−vowel
Semivocal
Soft palate (velum)
Paladar blando
(velo del paladar)
Spectrograph
Espectrógrafo
Speech
Habla
Standard English
Inglés estándar
Stress
Acento
Strong form
Forma fuerte
Suprasegmental phoneme
Fonema
suprasegmental
Syllable
Sílaba
and semivowels.
A vocal sound with
short duration which
slides quickly towards
another vowel that is the
centre of the syllable.
The back side of the
palate.
A machine used to
measure the frequency
of the sounds.
The faculty of uttering
articulate sounds or
words; the faculty of
expressing thoughts by
words or articulate
sounds; the power of
speaking.
The variety of English
that is held to be
'correct' in the sense that
it shows none of the
regional or other
variations that are
considered by some to
be ungrammatical, or
non−standard English.
Phonetics emphasis on
syllable: the emphasis
placed on a particular
sound or syllable by
pronouncing it more
loudly or forcefully than
those surrounding it in
the same word or
phrase.
Form that is used when
the word is said in
isolation or when is
being emphasized.
Phoneme that cannot be
isolated,such as rhythm,
stress and intonation.
A unit of spoken
language consisting of a
single uninterrupted
sound formed by a
vowel, diphthong, or
syllabic consonant
alone, or by any of these
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Timbre
Timbre
Tone
Tono
Tongue
Lengua
Transcription
Transcripción
Triphthong
Triptongo
Uvula
Úvula
Velar
Velar
Vocal chords
Cuerdas vocales
sounds preceded,
followed, or surrounded
by one or more
consonants./One or
more letters or phonetic
symbols written or
printed to approximate a
spoken syllable.
In auditive phonetics,
the characteristic that
helps us to recognize
the quality of a sound.
The quality of a
person´s voice
The movable fleshy
organ attached to the
bottom of the inside of
the mouth of humans
and most animals, used
for speech.
A phonetic
representation of speech
using special symbols.
Vowels in which three
vowel qualities can be
perceived.
A small fleshy
V−shaped extension of
the soft palate that
hangs above the tongue
at the entrance to the
throat.
Consonant spoken with
the back of the tongue
close to, or in contact
with, the soft palate
(velum). Velar
consonants are /k/, /g/
and / /.
Throat membranes that
produce sounds: a pair
of fibrous sheets of
tissue that span the
cavity of the voice box
(larynx) and produce
sounds by vibrating.
Muscles tighten the
cords, narrowing the
gap between them, and
as air is expelled from
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Voiced consonant
Voiceless consonant
Vowel
the lungs they vibrate.
Consonant pronounced
with vibration of vocal
chords, by passing air
Consonante sonora across them to create
audible vibrations, as
the sound /s/ in the
word his.
Consonant pronounced
without vibration of
vocal cords, without
passing air across the
Consonante sorda
vocal cords and creating
audible vibrations, as in
the /s/ sound in the
word hiss.
Sound articulated with a
relatively open
configuration of the
vocal tract: no part of
the mouth is closed, and
none of the vocal organs
comoe so close together
that we can hear the
Vocal
sound of the air passing
betwenen them. English
vowels are / /, / /, /e/, / /,
/ /, / /, / /,
/ /,/ /, / / and / /.
Weak form
Forma débil
Forms which are normal
in connected speech:
peripheral vowels are
replaced by those of a
more central quality,
and ome consonants
may be elided.
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