Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno

Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno:
acercamiento al debate espacio-tiempo
en conexión con la crisis ambiental
Ana María Taborda Tapasco
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín
Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Económicas
Dirección electrónica: [email protected]
Santiago Díaz Gutiérrez
Instituto de Estudios Regionales, INER
Universidad de Antioquia
Dirección electrónica: [email protected]
Taborda Tapasco, Ana María; Gutiérrez Díaz, Santiago (2013). “Tiempo
entrópico, relativo y moderno: acercamiento al debate espacio-tiempo en
FRQH[LyQFRQODFULVLVDPELHQWDO´(QBoletín de Antropología. Universidad
de Antioquia, Medellín, Vol. 28, N.o 45, pp. 212-236.
7H[WRUHFLELGRDSUREDFLyQ¿QDO
Resumen. A través de ciertos hitos históricos, este artículo muestra la supremacía que tuvo el
concepto de tiempo durante la modernidad, lo que trajo consigo el olvido del espacio y así de la naturaleza situada en él. Esta situación, reforzada por la revolución industrial que acrecentó la explotación
intensiva hombre-naturaleza, ha dejado pérdida y deterioro ecosistémico que ha generado la crisis
ambiental, que se ayudó a evidenciar en parte, gracias al giro espacial que germinó en las ciencias
sociales, creando la necesidad de aportar a pensamientos ambientales que asimismo obligan a repensar
la relación tiempo-espacio.
Palabras clave: ciencias sociales, espacio-tiempo, giro espacial, modernidad, crisis ambiental,
tiempo entrópico.
Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno:...
/ 213
(QWURSLFWLPHUHODWLYHWLPHDQGPRGHUQWLPHWKLQNLQJWKH
space-time debate and its relation to environmental crisis
Abstract. Through certain historic milestones, this article shows the supremacy that the concept
of time had in modernity, which brought forgetfulness of space and, subsequently, nature situated therein.
This situation was reinforced by the industrial revolution which increased the intensive exploitation mannature, leaving loss and ecosystem degradation that has caused an environmental crisis that was evidenced in part, by the spatial turn that germinated in the social sciences, creating the need to contribute
to environmental thoughts that also force to rethink the space-time relation.
Keywords: social sciences, space-time, spatial turn, modernity, environmental crisis, entropy time.
Introducción: La pregunta por el tiempo en la historia del simio
pensante
Entre el día y la noche hay un territorio inexplorado. No es sol ni es sombra: es tiempo
2FWDYLR3D]
(OIHQyPHQRGHOWLHPSRKDHVWDGRSUHVHQWHHQHOSHQVDPLHQWR\HQODKLVWRULDGH
ODKXPDQLGDG1RSRGUtDKDEODUVHGHODHVSHFLHKXPDQDGHVXVFDPELRVGHVXV
DSURSLDFLRQHVWpFQLFDVGHVXVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVFRJQLWLYDV\GLVFXUVLYDV\GHVX
H[SDQVLyQSRUWRGRHOJORERWHUUiTXHRVLQUHIHULUVHDO³WLHPSR´
3RUHVWRHOWLHPSRQRSXHGHREYLDUVH\QRHVXQFRQFHSWRFXDOTXLHUD\DTXH
VHKDFRQVWLWXLGRFRPRXQRGHORVSUREOHPDVHVHQFLDOHVHQODVGLYHUVDVIRUPDVGH
SHQVDPLHQWRTXHKDQWHQLGRSUHVHQFLDHQODKXPDQLGDG/DVPiVYDULDGDV¿ORVRItDV
\SHQVDGRUHVKDQDSRUWDGRVXVRSLQLRQHVGHDOJXQDXRWUDPDQHUDFRQUHVSHFWRDO
HQRUPHXQLYHUVRTXHDEUHHVWHWHPD3DUDLQGLFDUWDQVRORGRVHMHPSORV\DFXOWXUDV
PLOHQDULDVGH2ULHQWHVLJORVDQWHVGHODVUHÀH[LRQHVFOiVLFDVGH*UHFLDR5RPD
KDEtDQSURSXHVWRHOHPHQWRVSDUDHQWHQGHUHOWLHPSR/DPLWRORJtDKLQG~SURSXVR
HQWHQGHUHOWLHPSRFRPRXQHVFHQDULRGRQGHVRQFRQVWDQWHVODVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHV
\ODVUHQRYDFLRQHVGHWRGRVORVVHUHV3DQQLNDU7DPELpQORVJULHJRVYHtDQ
HOWLHPSRFRPRXQDVXFHVLyQGHHGDGHVGRQGHFDGDXQDHUDPiVGHFDGHQWHTXHOD
DQWHULRU'HHVWDPDQHUDHOPXQGRDXQTXHHUDFUHDGRSRUORVGLRVHV\HUDSHUIHFWR
OOHYDEDGHQWURGHVtODVHPLOODGHOGHWHULRUR/DKLVWRULDHUDYLVWDFRPRXQSURFHVR
TXHYDGHOFDRVDORUGHQ\QXHYDPHQWHDOFDRVHQHOFXDOORVKRPEUHVGHEtDQOXFKDU
SDUDPLQLPL]DUORRGHVDSDUHFHUOR5LINLQ
3HUR¢FXiOHVODLPSRUWDQFLDDFWXDOGHOWLHPSR"¢'HTXpKDEODPRVFXDQGR
QRVUHIHULPRVDHVHHWpUHR\DPSOtVLPRWpUPLQR"(OWLHPSRSXHGHDVXPLUVHGHVGH
P~OWLSOHV SODWDIRUPDV GH SHQVDPLHQWR \ SRVLELOLGDGHV \ FRPR HMHPSOR EDVWDUtD
PHQFLRQDUODVUHIHUHQFLDVTXHVHKDFHQDpOGLDULDPHQWHRODVGLYHUVDVYLYHQFLDVTXH
YLVWDVSVLFROyJLFD\IHQRPHQROyJLFDPHQWHSHUPLWHQDVXPLUORFRPRXQDYDULDEOH
FRQVWDQWHRYDULDEOHHQQXHVWUDYLGD
&RPRXQHMHPSORFRQFUHWRGHORDQWHULRUHVWiHOUHORMPHFiQLFRSXHVHVWH
REMHWRVHKDFRQVWLWXLGRHQXQDGHODVPDQHUDVHVHQFLDOHVGHUHIHULUQRV\UHODFLRQDU
214 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia
QRVFRQHOWLHPSR7DPELpQVHSRGUtDQVHxDODURWUDVPDQHUDVGHUHIHULUORYLYLUOR\
PHGLUORFRPRORVFLFORVOXQDUHVHOPRYLPLHQWRGHO6RO\ODVHVWUHOODVODVHVWDFLRQHV
FOLPiWLFDVODREVHUYDFLyQHQODVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVGHOSDLVDMHHOFLFORIHPHQLQR
HWF$GHPiVFDEHUHFRUGDURWUDVYLYHQFLDV³PiVDEVWUDFWDV´GHOWLHPSRFRPROD
SHUFHSFLyQ³YHOR]´R³HWHUQD´GHDOJXQRVLQVWDQWHVGHODYLGDVHJ~QODDFWLYLGDG
TXHVHUHDOLFHODVSHUVRQDVFRQODVTXHVHFRPSDUWHRODDQVLHGDGTXHWUDHFRQVLJR
XQPRPHQWRGHWHUPLQDGR7DPELpQHOHMHUFLFLRGHWRPDUFRQFLHQFLDGHOWUDQVFXUULU
GHODYLGD\SRUWDQWRGHODSpUGLGDGHODYLGDPLVPD
/RTXHVtHVFODURHVTXHHQODKLVWRULDHOWLHPSRKDVXVFLWDGRXQDEXHQDFDQWL
GDGGHGHEDWHVTXHKDQLQWHQWDGRWUDHUPD\RUFRPSUHQVLyQDFHUFDGHVXQDWXUDOH]D
(VWDVH[SOLFDFLRQHVKDQVLGRWDQYDULDGDVTXHH[SRQHUODVHQVXWRWDOLGDGRDOPHQRV
SDUFLDOPHQWHVHUtDXQDWDUHDGHHQRUPHVSURSRUFLRQHV\GHVDItRV
3RUORWDQWRHVWHDUWtFXOREXVFDHYLGHQFLDUODJUDQLQÀXHQFLDTXHODGH¿QLFLyQ
GHOWLHPSR\ODDSOLFDFLyQGHVXVOH\HVDODKLVWRULD\DOLGHDOGHODVFXOWXUDVWXYR
HQODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHODPRGHUQLGDG\SRUHVWDPLVPDYtDHQODFRQ¿JXUDFLyQGHOD
LGHDGHVXSXHVWDGHVFRQH[LyQHQWUHKRPEUH\QDWXUDOH]DQ~FOHRFHQWUDOGHODDFWXDO
FULVLVDPELHQWDO
6LPXOWiQHDPHQWHHOWH[WRFHQWUDODYLVWDHQFyPRXQDFRQWHFLPLHQWRHVSHFt
¿FRGHORVYDULRVTXHFRQWULEX\HURQDYROYHUODYLVWDVREUHODQDWXUDOH]D²HOJLUR
HVSDFLDO²KL]RVXDSRUWHGHVGHPHGLDGRVGHOVLJOR XXGHYROYLHQGRLPSRUWDQFLD
DOFRQFHSWRGHHVSDFLR\FRQpODODQDWXUDOH]DFRPRHOOXJDUSDUDHOKDELWDUGHORV
VHUHVYLYRVTXHSRUORWDQWRHVWitQWLPDPHQWHYLQFXODGRDFXOWXUDV\VRFLHGDGHV\TXH
\DKR\QRHVLQ¿QLWRRLOLPLWDGRVLQR¿QLWR\HQGHWHULRUR(VWDVQXHYDVUHDOLGDGHV
KDQJHQHUDGRODQHFHVLGDGGHUHSODQWHDU\FRQVWUXLUQXHYRVDSRUWHVSURYHQLHQWHV
GH GLVWLQWRV HVFHQDULRV GH SURGXFFLyQ GH FRQRFLPLHQWRV \ VDEHUHV DFHUFD GH ODV
UHYLWDOL]DGDVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHWLHPSR\HVSDFLR
8QDFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHRUGHQPHWRGROyJLFRHVTXHVHGHOLPLWDUiHOGHEDWHVREUH
HOWLHPSRDOWUDVFHQGHQWDOPRPHQWRKLVWyULFRFRQRFLGRFRPRla modernidad. Esta
HQWHQGLGDFRPRXQSURFHVRVRFLDOHLQWHOHFWXDOTXHVHHPSH]yDFRQWUDSRQHUSDX
ODWLQDPHQWHDORUGHQWUDGLFLRQDOHXURSHRLPSHUDQWHKDVWDHOVLJOR;,9HLPSOLFyOD
SURJUHVLYDUDFLRQDOL]DFLyQGLIHUHQFLDFLyQHFRQyPLFD\DGPLQLVWUDWLYDGHOPXQGR
VRFLDOSURFHVRVTXHGLHURQRULJHQDOPRGHUQRHVWDGRFDSLWDOLVWDHLQGXVWULDO
(QHOPDUFRGHHVWDPRGHUQLGDGODWHPiWLFDGHOWLHPSRVHSHQVyDOUHGHGRU
GH GRV FRUULHQWHV OD SULPHUD GH HOODV QRV PXHVWUD HO WLHPSR FRPR XQ DEVROXWR1
FRQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVSURJUHVLYDVDFXPXODWLYDV\REMHWLYDVXQWLHPSRTXHSXHGHVHU
&RQODGH¿QLFLyQGHOWLHPSRFRPRXQDEVROXWRVHTXLHUHGHFLUTXHHVWHIHQyPHQRHVWiFDUDFWHUL]DGR
FRPRXQKHFKRWRWDOFRPSOHWR\TXHGRPLQDRWUDVYDULDEOHV8QKHFKRTXHHVDEVROXWRVHLQVWLWX\H
FRPRXQDUHDOLGDGLQGHSHQGLHQWHGHORVGHPiVHOHPHQWRVGHODPLVPDH[FOX\HQGRGHSODQR
FXDOTXLHUUHODFLyQSRVLEOHFRQHOORV$OJXQRVGHORVSHQVDGRUHVGHHVWDFRUULHQWHVHUtDQHOPLVPR
$ULVWyWHOHV'HVFDUWHV1HZWRQ-RKQ/RFNH6SHQFHU0RUJDQHWF
Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno:...
/ 215
FRPSXWDGR SHUFLELGR \ FDVL SUHGLFKR SRU ORV VLVWHPDV GH PHGLFLyQ (VWH WLSR GH
WLHPSRHVWiGHWHUPLQDGRSRUODVVHFXHQFLDVOyJLFDVGHOPRYLPLHQWRGHORVFXHUSRV
HQHOHVSDFLRJDOD[LDVSODQHWDVHVSHFLHVDQLPDOHViWRPRVHWF\HVYLVWRFRPRXQ
KHFKRGDGRHLQKHUHQWHDODUHDOLGDGHQWHQGLEOHHQHOOHQJXDMHGHORVPDQGDWRVGHOD
FLHQFLD3RUHVRVHSXHGHPHGLUVLQWHPRUDHTXLYRFDFLRQHVJUDFLDVDXQDVHULH
GHFDWHJRUtDVSUHFLVDVHLQFRQIXQGLEOHV
(VWDFRQFHSFLyQGHOWLHPSRVHH[SUHVyFRPRFRUUHODWRHQODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHV
FOiVLFDVEDMRODIRUPDGHWHRUtDVHYROXFLRQLVWDVGHORVVLJORV;9,,,\;,;ODVFXDOHV
YHUtDQODKLVWRULDFRPRXQFDPLQRXQLGLUHFFLRQDOTXHGHEtDQVHJXLUWRGDVODVFXOWXUDV
GHOPXQGR\TXHWHUPLQDEDHQORPiVDOWRGHODHVFDODGHSURJUHVRUHSUHVHQWDGD
SRU(XURSD(VWDWHPiWLFDVHDKRQGDUiPiVDGHODQWHFXDQGRVHREVHUYHFyPRHVWH
PRGRGHSHUFLELUHOWLHPSRVHYLRUHÀHMDGRHQOD(XURSDFRORQLDO\HQOD(XURSDGH
ODUHYROXFLyQLQGXVWULDO
/DRWUDFRUULHQWHQRVPXHVWUDXQWLHPSRTXHHQVtQWHVLVHVPiVUHODWLYR(VWD
FRUULHQWHVHGLYLGHHQGRVFDWHJRUtDVPiVODSULPHUDPXHVWUDXQWLHPSRTXHWDPELpQ
VHFDUDFWHUL]DFRPR$EVROXWRHOFXDODWUDYLHVDWRGRVORVVXFHVRVGHOXQLYHUVRSHUR
HVWDYH]QRHVXQDEVROXWRTXHQRVGHMDIUHQWHDXQWLHPSRSURJUHVLYR\SUHGHFLEOH
FRPRHOTXHVHPHQFLRQDEDOtQHDVDWUiVVLQRXQWLHPSRPiVUHODWLYRFDyWLFRGHV
RUGHQDGR\D]DURVR
(VWHHVGHDOJXQDIRUPDHOWLHPSRTXHVHYHUHSUHVHQWDGRHQODVUHÀH[LRQHV
GHOJLURHVSDFLDOXQWLHPSRTXHQRRFXSDXQDMHUDUTXtDTXHHOHVSDFLR\TXHSRU
HOFRQWUDULRHVXQWLHPSRPiVYDULDEOHTXHVHDFHOHUD\UDOHQWL]DXQWLHPSRPiV
LQGHWHUPLQDGRHQHOVHQWLGRTXHORH[SOLFDQORVUHODWLYLVWDVTXLHQHVGLVFXWHQTXHD
SDUWLUGHODHYLGHQFLDREVHUYDFLRQDOVHGHGXFHTXHXQDFRQWHFLPLHQWRQRREHGHFH
DXQDVRODUD]yQRFDXVDH[DFWDFRQFOX\HQGRTXHXQDPLVPDUD]yQHYLGHQWHSXHGH
VXVWHQWDUXQQ~PHURLQGHWHUPLQDGRGHVXFHVRVDGPLWLHQGRXQRUGHQFDXVDOYDULDGR
(ORWURFDPLQRGHHVWDVHJXQGDFRUULHQWHSUHVHQWDODVGLQiPLFDVGHOWLHPSR
FRWLGLDQRHOWLHPSRYLYLGRLQWHUQDPHQWH\VHQWLGRHQODUHODWLYLGDGFLUFXQVWDQFLDO
GHFDGDHQWHYLYLHQWHXQWLHPSRVXEMHWLYL]DGRSRUODSVLTXLV3%OXPHQEHUJ
(O³SHFDGRGHOWLHPSR´HQODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHV
/DVYLVLRQHVGHODPHFiQLFDFOiVLFDGLVHxDGDIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHSRU1HZWRQTXH
FRQVLGHUDEDQHOWLHPSRFRPRXQKHFKRWRWDOL]DGRHLQDOWHUDEOHVHVLQWHWL]DURQHQORV
VLJORV;9,,,\;,;HQXQDVHULHGHSRVWXODGRVTXHHVWDEOHFLHURQXQDIRUPDSDUWLFXODU
GHFRQRFLPLHQWRQRVRORGHORVDVSHFWRVFUXFLDOHVGHODItVLFDGHOPRPHQWRVLQR
$OJXQRVSHQVDGRUHVGHHVWDWHQGHQFLDVRQ(LQVWHLQ6FKU|GLQJHU3ULJRJLQH+DZNLQJHWF
/RVDUWt¿FHVPiVUHFRQRFLGRVGHHVWHWLSRGHUHÀH[LRQHVGHOWLHPSRVRQ%OXPHQEHUJ5LFRHXU
6FKHOOLQJ%HUJVRQ+XVVHUO+HLGHJJHU\0DXULFH0HUOHDX3RQW\
216 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia
WDPELpQGHODVPDQHUDVHQTXHHOVDEHUPDUFyODVIRUPDVGHUHODFLRQDPLHQWRFRQ
ORVRWURVHVGHFLUFRQODQDWXUDOH]D\ODVGHPiVFXOWXUDV
(QWUHORVDVXQWRVFUXFLDOHVGHODPHFiQLFDFOiVLFDHOWLHPSRHUDXQRGHVXV
HMHV VXSHUODWLYRV )XH DVt FRPR HO WLHPSR TXH VH YHQtD GHVDUUROODQGR FRPR XQ
SUREOHPDGHiPELWRItVLFR¿ORVy¿FRLQFXUVLRQyHQODPRGHUQLGDGHQHOHVFHQDULR
GHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVGHOSRGHUSROtWLFRHLQWHOHFWXDOGH(XURSD\DVtPLVPRGHODV
FRPXQLGDGHV FLHQWt¿FDV GHVGH ODV TXH VH UHDOL]DURQ FODVL¿FDFLRQHV FXOWXUDOHV \
VRFLDOHVGHORVSXHEORVTXHDSDUHFLHURQHQODUHWLQDGHORVDFDGpPLFRVHXURSHRVHQ
HOWUDVHJDUGHODHPSUHVDFRORQLDO/RVSURWDJRQLVWDVGHHVWDHPSUHVDIXHURQH[SH
GLFLRQDULRVHLQWHUHVDGRVHQHOKRPEUH\ODVFXOWXUDVHVGHFLUORVDQWHFHVRUHVGHORV
FLHQWt¿FRVGHODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHV&RQUHVSHFWRDODVXSHUSRVLFLyQTXHVHKL]RGHO
WLHPSRVREUHHOHVSDFLR*HUPiQ3DODFLRQRVUHFXHUGDTXH³ODKLVWRULD>«@SUHVHQWy
ODDFFLyQKXPDQDRELHQGLOX\HQGRHOHVSDFLRRELHQLPSOLFiQGRODHQXQHVSDFLR
HXURFpQWULFR´3DODFLR
(QHVWHRUGHQHOWLHPSRVHFRQYLUWLyHQODYDULDEOHGRPLQDQWHGHODHYROXFLyQ
KXPDQD²SRUHQFLPDGHOHVSDFLR²\GHVGHDKtFRPHQ]DURQDSULPDUH[SUHVLRQHV
FRPR³HOFDPLQRGHODKLVWRULD´³HOGDUZLQLVPRVRFLDO´ROD³+LVWRULD8QLYHUVDO´
+DEtDunaKLVWRULD\ unSXHEOR²HOHXURSHR²TXHLEDHQODSXQWDGHODQ]DGHO
FDPLQRTXHVHVHJXLUtD$VtODVFRVDVODPXOWLSOLFLGDGFXOWXUDOHVWDEDRSDFDGD\
VRORKDEtDXQDGLUHFFLyQSRVLEOHKDFLDODTXHWRGRVORVSXHEORVGHEtDQGLULJLUVH
FRQHO~QLFRLGHDOGH llegar a serXQHVSHFWURLPLWDWLYRGHODLPDJHQGRPLQDQWHGH
ODFLYLOL]DFLyQHQFDEH]DGDSRU(XURSD
$PSOLDQGRODWHPiWLFDLQGLFD3DODFLR
'HVGHHOVLJOR ;9,,,HOPRGHORGHODLOXVWUDFLyQKDYLQFXODGRHOSUHVHQWHFRQHOIXWXUR
FRPRSURJUHVRPLHQWUDVUHÀHMDHOSDVDGRFRPRDWUDVR(OPiVVR¿VWLFDGR¿OyVRIRGHOD
KLVWRULDKHUHGHURGHOD,OXVWUDFLyQ)ULHGULFN+HJHOHVTXHPDWL]DODWUD\HFWRULDGHOWLHPSR
FRPRVDOWRVGLDOpFWLFRVFRQXQDGLUHFFLyQSURJUHVLYDGHFDPELRKDFLDODUHDOL]DFLyQGHOD
LGHDHOPiVHOHYDGRHVWDGRGHODFLYLOL]DFLyQ
(QWRQFHVTXHGDHQHYLGHQFLDHOSHFDGRGHORVSHQVDGRUHVGHOHVSDFLRFXOWXUDO
\FRORQL]DGRUHXURSHRTXHHQHVHHQWRQFHVSUHWHQGLHQGRH[SDQGLUVHLOLPLWDGDPHQWH
KDFLDQXHYRVHSLFHQWURVGHOSRGHUPiVDOOiGHODVIURQWHUDVGHOYLHMRFRQWLQHQWH
YDOLpQGRVHGHODYDULDEOHWLHPSRFRPRHOúnico ejeGHDQiOLVLV\GHGLIHUHQFLDFLyQ
VRFLDO\FXOWXUDO$QWHHVWR&DUORV(GXDUGR0DOGRQDGRGLFH
&RQVHJXULGDGXQRGHORVUHWRVPiVVLJQL¿FDWLYRVHQWRGDODKLVWRULDGHODFLYLOL]DFLyQ
RFFLGHQWDOFRQVLVWHHQHOGHEDWHWHOHRORJtDHYROXFLyQ6HQFLOODPHQWHVHWUDWDGHODFUHHQ
FLDIXHUWHPHQWHHQUDL]DGDSRUGLYHUVRVPHFDQLVPRVHQODKLVWRULDGHRFFLGHQWHGHTXH
H[LVWHQ¿QHV\TXHODKLVWRULDFXPSOHRGHEHFXPSOLUHVWRV¿QHV'HVGH$JXVWtQGH+LSRQD
SDVDQGRSRU9LFRKDVWD.DQW+HJHO\0DU[SRUHMHPSORODKLVWRULDSXHGHVHUYLVWDFRPR
XQODUJRSURFHVRMDORQDGRSRU¿QHVTXHORVSXHEORVODVVRFLHGDGHV\ODVFLYLOL]DFLRQHV
EXVFDQFXPSOLUGHODPHMRUPDQHUD0DOGRQDGR
Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno:...
/ 217
$Vt OD LGHD GH SURJUHVR TXH D\XGDURQ D FRQVWUXLU ORV SHQVDGRUHV VRFLDOHV
FOiVLFRVGH2FFLGHQWHWDPELpQSURYHQtDHQJUDQSDUWHGHODVFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLRQHV
TXHVHUHDOL]DURQGHOWLHPSRGHVGHODPHFiQLFDFOiVLFD4\DVXYH]HVWDSURYHQtDGH
WRGRXQFRQMXQWRGHLGHDVSURGXFLGDVSRUODFRVPRYLVLyQGHOPXQGRTXH2FFLGHQWH
YHQtDHQVDPEODQGRGHVGHVLJORVDWUiVHQODFXDOVHVLWXDEDQFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLRQHV
UHOLJLRVDV\¿ORVy¿FDVOyJLFDV\PDWHPiWLFDV'HDOJXQDIRUPDDOJXQDVGHODVLGHDV
\iPELWRVGHODYLGDVRFLDOLQÀXtDQHQODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHHVRVHMHVGHDQiOLVLV\GH
FRQWUROGHODPRGHUQLGDG
'HODPDQRGHWRGRVHVRVSURFHVRVGHSHQVDPLHQWRORVSUHVXSXHVWRVEiVLFRVGH
ODPHFiQLFDFOiVLFDYLVXDOL]DEDQXQDVOH\HVTXHSURSRQtDQXQVRORWLSRGHHVSDFLR
HOHXFOLGLDQRHQFX\RHVWDWLVPRVHREYLDEDQYDULDVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVGHOPXQGR
ItVLFRHVSDFLDO SXHV VROR VH FRQVLGHUDEDQ LPSRUWDQWHV ODV TXH RFXUUtDQ HQ HO HMH
WHPSRUDO$VtEDMRODOyJLFDDEVROXWDGHOWLHPSRVHFRQVDJUDUtDQ³QRFLRQHVFRPR
³GHVDUUROOR´GHVGHXQHVWDGLRDWUDVDGRRSULPLWLYRDXQRDYDQ]DGRRFLYLOL]DGR
³FUHFLPLHQWR´³PRGHUQL]DFLyQ´RH[SUHVLRQHVFRPR³VLHPSUHDGHODQWHFXHVWHOR
TXHFXHVWH´³PiVYDOHPiV´HQHVWDOtQHDVHLQVFULELHURQODV¿ORVRItDVGHODKLVWRULD
GH¿QHVGHOVLJOR;9,,,\GHFRPLHQ]RVGHO;,;UHSUHVHQWDGDVSRU&RQGRUFHW+HJHO
&RPWH6SHQFHU0RUJDQR7\ORU´%HULDtQ
'HHVWDPDQHUDGLFKRVSHQVDGRUHVFOiVLFRVVHHQFDUJDURQGHWHMHUXQHQWUDPDGR
WHyULFRTXHVHFRQYLUWLyHQXQFRQWXQGHQWHGLVSRVLWLYRGHOSHQVDPLHQWRPRGHUQR
TXHWHUPLQyLPSODQWDGRDOWHUDFLRQHV\DEULyXQDHQRUPHEUHFKDHQWUHORVWLHPSRV
KXPDQRV\ORVGHODQDWXUDOH]D3RUHMHPSORHQODYLGDGHORVKXPDQRVVHLQVWL
WX\HURQDFHOHUDFLRQHVHQODVKRUDV\MRUQDGDVGHWUDEDMRORVWLHPSRV\HVFDODVGH
SURGXFFLyQORVULWPRVGHFRQVXPRGHXVR\GHGHVHFKRGHORFRQVXPLGRTXHGDQ
FXHQWDGHGLFKRVFDPELRV\SRUVXSDUWHHQODQDWXUDOH]DVHLQVWLWX\yODSURGXFFLyQ
DJUtFRODODUHSURGXFFLyQDQLPDODJUDQHVFDODORTXHYDHQFRQWUDYtDGHODVWDVDV
GHUHWRUQRHFRVLVWpPLFDV\GHODUHVLOLHQFLDHVGHFLUGHOWLHPSRTXHUHTXLHUHODQD
WXUDOH]DSRUVtVRODSDUDUHFXSHUDUVHGHDFWLYLGDGHVRDVLPLODUGHVHFKRVGHSRVLWDGRV
HQHOODKHFKRVTXHGDQFXHQWDGHODVFRQVHFXHQFLDVGHHVWHIUHQpWLFRPHWDEROLVPR
VRFLDOGHOPXQGRPRGHUQR
$VtSXHVHVWDWUDVFHQGHQFLDTXHVHOHGLRDOWLHPSRLGHROyJLFDPHQWHXQLOLQHDO
\SURJUHVLYRGHULYyHQXQROYLGRGHORVHVSDFLRVGHODVFXOWXUDVFRQRFLGDV(QHVWD
(QODPHFiQLFDFOiVLFDHOWLHPSRWHQtDXQDSUHHPLQHQFLDDEVROXWDVREUHHOHVSDFLR\HUDYLVWR
FRPRHVWiWLFRHLQYDULDEOHSDUDFXDOTXLHUREVHUYDGRU$GHPiVHVWDEDEDMRXQDOyJLFDLUUHGXFWLEOH
GHODWRWDOLGDGGHUHODFLRQHVGHOPXQGROODPDGDV³FRQVWDQWHVGHOVLVWHPD´(VWHHUDYLVWRFRPR
HOJHQHUDGRUGHRWUDVYDULDEOHVFRQVWDQWHV²SRUHMHPSORODGHOSURJUHVR²HQHOWUDVHJDUSRU
ODHVSLUDOHYROXWLYDTXHVHGDEDHQPHGLRGHODVGRVGLPHQVLRQHVHXFOLGLDQDVTXHFRPSRQtDQHO
PXQGRGHWRGRVORVFXHUSRVVLQH[FHSFLyQWDQWRSDUDORViWRPRVFRPRSDUDORVDQLPDOHVODV
VRFLHGDGHV\ODQDWXUDOH]DWRGRVGHQWURGHXQDHYROXFLyQWHOHROyJLFDTXHHUDHQWHQGLGDFRPR
SURJUHVRHQXQDOJRULWPRVLQWHWL]DGRSRU1HZWRQDVt) .[7 ʌ¥P.GRQGH. FRQVWDQWH
GHOVLVWHPD) IXHU]D[ HORQJDFLyQ7 WLHPSRP PDVD
218 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia
OyJLFDVRORLPSRUWDEDHOHVWDGLRKLVWyULFRTXHFDGDFXOWXUDHVWDEDRFXSDQGR\FXiQWR
OHIDOWDEDSDUDOOHJDUDVHUWDQGHVDUUROODGDFRPRSXGLHUD5HLQKDUW.RVVHOOHFND¿UPy
TXHGHVGH¿QDOHVGHOVLJOR ;9,,,HQODFXOWXUDRFFLGHQWDOVHFRQVWLWX\yXQDQXHYD
FUHHQFLDJHQHUDOL]DGDGHODpSRFD5.RVVHOOHFN(VWDHUDODFUHHQFLDHQ
ODUHFHWDXQLYHUVDOL]DGDGHOSURJUHVRWULXQIDQWHGHODFXOWXUDHXURSHDHQODOtQHDGH
WLHPSRGHELGRDVXVXSHULRULGDGDEVROXWD
3HURHOROYLGRGHOHVSDFLRWHQGUtDFRQVHFXHQFLDVLPSRUWDQWHVHQHOGHYHQLUGH
ORVVLJORVVLJXLHQWHV1DGDSDVDVLQTXHVHDOWHUHHOUHVWRGHKHFKRVHQHOPXQGR
\ODVREUHVWLPDFLyQGHOWLHPSR\HOROYLGRGHOHVSDFLRPDUFDUtDQDODVQDFLHQWHV
FLHQFLDVVRFLDOHV3DUDODPXHVWUDHQHOWUDQVFXUVRGHODPRGHUQLGDG³GRVKRPEUHV
VHLPSXVLHURQGHLQPHGLDWRODWDUHDGHGHVFXEULUODVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHODVOH\HVXQLYHU
VDOHV\HOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHODVRFLHGDG-RKQ/RFNHFRPHQ]yDHVWXGLDUORVDFWRV
GHOJRELHUQR\ODVRFLHGDGDODOX]GHOSDUDGLJPDPHFiQLFR\$GDP6PLWKKL]ROR
PLVPRFRQODHFRQRPtD´5LINLQ
'HHVWDPDQHUDORVSHQVDGRUHVPRGHUQRVHVWDEDQLPSUHVLRQDGRVSRUODIRUPD
FRPRHOPRGHORPHFiQLFROHGDEDUD]yQGHVHUDOPXQGRLQFOXLGRVORVDUWt¿FHVGH
ODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHV7RGRHVWDEDWDQUHVXHOWRSDUDHQWHQGHUDOKRPEUH\VXVIRUPDV
GHFRPSRUWDPLHQWRVRFLDOTXHHOFRQRFLPLHQWRVHVLQWHWL]yHQOH\HVHFRQyPLFDV
SROtWLFDVVRFLDOHV\KDVWDHQOH\HVGHJXHUUD(VWHGHYHQLUGDFXHQWDGHORTXHIXHOD
GH¿QLFLyQ\ODFRQVWLWXFLyQGHODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHVDORODUJRGHORVVLJORV;9,,,;,;
\XX0XFKRVGHHVWRVVXFHVRVVRQKR\WRGDYtDLQÀXHQFLDVGHWHUPLQDQWHVTXHWLHQHQ
DPSOLDSDUWLFLSDFLyQ\UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHQODDFWXDOFULVLVDPELHQWDOTXHYLYHQXHVWUR
SODQHWDSXHVHQHOROYLGR\ODH[FOXVLYDSUHRFXSDFLyQSRUODVOH\HVWHPSRUDOHVGH
ODKLVWRULD\GHOSURJUHVRGHODVRFLHGDGRFFLGHQWHGHMyGHODGRODSUHRFXSDFLyQ
SRUODphysis,SHUFLELpQGRODFRPRXQDHQWLGDGHWHUQDTXHQRWHQGUtDSHOLJURGHGHV
SDUHFHU\RPLWLyVXPLVPDQDWXUDOH]DGHFDUiFWHUOLPLWDGR
'HPDQHUDDFHUWDGD%HULDtQUHVXPHHVWRVVXFHVRVGLFLHQGR
/DPRGHUQLGDG>GHO3URPHWHR@GHODVIXHU]DVSURGXFWLYDVURPSHODVFDGHQDVGHODVXSHUV
WLFLyQ\ODDXWRULGDGGHODWUDGLFLyQ/DSURGXFWLYLGDGKXPDQDWDQELHQIRUPXODGDSRU
%HQMDPtQ)UDQNOLQ\VXLGHDOKXPDQRFRPRtool making animal\SOHQDPHQWHFRPSDUWLGD
SRU0DU[HVWDPELpQODTXHSURGXFLUiXQDEXHQDSDUWHGHORVGHVDVWUHVVRFLDOHV\HFROy
JLFRVPRGHUQRV%HULDtQ
.RVVHOOHFN SURSRQH TXH el presente VH FRPHQ]y D YHU FRPR OD WUDQVLFLyQ FRQVWDQWH KDFLD lo
nuevo. (OSUHVHQWHVHYLYHGHVGHODFRQFLHQFLDGHODDFHOHUDFLyQKDFLDORSUy[LPR\ORYHQLGHUR
/DH[SHULHQFLDGHOWLHPSRHQODPRGHUQLGDGSDUD.RVVHOOHFNVHH[SUHVDFRPRXQDFUHFLHQWH
GLIHUHQFLDFLyQ HQWUH HO ³HVSDFLR GH OD H[SHULHQFLD´ TXH VHUtD HO SDVDGR \ HO ³KRUL]RQWH GH
H[SHFWDWLYDV´TXHVHUtDHOIXWXUR.RVVHOOHFN(VWDSRVWXUDODUHIXHU]DHO¿OyVRIR
&RUQHOLXV&DVWRULDGLVSDUDTXLHQHOGHVDUUROORKLVWyULFR\VRFLDOFRQVLVWHHQVDOLUGHWRGRHVWDGR
GH¿QLGRHQDOFDQ]DUXQHVWDGRTXHQRHVWiGH¿QLGRSRUQDGDVDOYRSRUODFDSDFLGDGGHDOFDQ]DU
QXHYRVHVWDGLRV/DQRUPDHVTXHQRH[LVWDQRUPD(OGHVDUUROORHVXQGHVSOLHJXHLQGH¿QLGRVLQ
¿Q%HULDtQ
Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno:...
/ 219
(VDVtFRPRHOROYLGRGHOHVSDFLRHQODpSRFDPRGHUQDGHULYyHQODH[SORWDFLyQ
VLQSDXVDGHODQDWXUDOH]DFRPRIXHQWHGHHQHUJtD\GHPDWHULDSULPDSDUDDEDVWHFHU
ODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHORVKDELWDQWHVGHODVFLXGDGHVTXHFDGDYH]FUHFtDQPiV\PiV
(VWDOyJLFD\HVWDYLVLyQGHOPXQGRVLJXLHURQWRPDQGRIXHU]DKDVWDOOHJDUDXQSXQWR
FUXFLDOHQHOGHYHQLUGHOPXQGRDFWXDOFRQRFLGRFRPROD5HYROXFLyQLQGXVWULDO
(VWHSURFHVRVRFLDOLQVWDXUyXQXWLOLWDULVPRHQODUHODFLyQKRPEUHQDWXUDOH]D\XQD
YLVLyQPiVUDGLFDO\XQtYRFDGHOWLHPSRDUDt]GHODE~VTXHGDGHODLQVWDQWDQHLGDG
HQODSURGXFFLyQ
La Revolución industrial: la visión radical del tiempo progresivo
(OFRQFHSWRGH5HYROXFLyQLQGXVWULDODXQTXHHVGHXVR\HQWHQGLPLHQWRFRQYHQ
FLRQDOHVFRQVLGHUDGRXQWpUPLQRHUUDGRSRUDXWRUHVFRPR5RQGR&DPHURQ\/DUU\
1HDO&DPHURQ\1HDOSXHVKDWHUPLQDGRVLPSOL¿FDQGRWRGRVORVFDPELRV
TXHVHGLHURQHQORVWLHPSRV\PRGRVGHYLGDTXHYLYLHURQODVSREODFLRQHVHXURSHDV
GHVGHPHGLDGRVGHOVLJOR;9,,,\TXHVHYLRHQWRGRVXHVSOHQGRUHQHOVLJOR;,;FRQ
P~OWLSOHVGHVFXEULPLHQWRVHQWRGDVODViUHDVGHOFRQRFLPLHQWR
&RQWUDULRDHVWDVLPSOL¿FDGRUDFRQFHSFLyQHVWRVSHQVDGRUHVSURSRQHQTXHHVWD
pSRFDIXHHOHVFHQDULRGHFUHDFLyQ\DSDULFLyQGHSURGXFWRV\VROXFLRQHVTXH
KR\UHSHUFXWHQHQWRGDVODViUHDVGHODYLGDPRGHUQDFRPRODPHGLFLQDODItVLFDOD
TXtPLFDODLQJHQLHUtDGHPiTXLQDV\SURFHVRVODXUEDQtVWLFD\OD¿ORVRItDVRORSRU
QRPEUDUDOJXQDV<HQHVWHHQWRUQRWDQHIHUYHVFHQWHHVGLItFLOTXHQRVHSURGXMHUDQ
ROHDGDVGHFDPELRVVRFLDOHVKHFKRDIRUWXQDGRSHURTXHQRGHMyGHJHQHUDUFDRVH
LQFHUWLGXPEUH
&DEHVHxDODUTXHWDPELpQKXERiUHDVHQODVTXHHOÀRUHFLPLHQWRGHQXHYDV
WHRUL]DFLRQHVRGHVFXEULPLHQWRVQRIXHLQPHGLDWRDXQTXHVtHVWiFODURTXHJHUPLQD
URQLGHDVSDUDORTXHVHUtDQRWUDVUHYROXFLRQHVGHSHQVDPLHQWRTXHVHKDQGHVDWDGR
DORODUJRGHOVLJORXX\TXHD~QKR\FRQWLQ~DQ
9ROYLHQGRDODXJHGHODUHYROXFLyQLQGXVWULDOXQDGHODVWUDQVIRUPDFLRQHVPiV
VLJQL¿FDWLYDV²\PiVUHODFLRQDGDFRQHOFDPELRGHORVWLHPSRVGHODYLGD²IXHOD
LQWURGXFFLyQGHULWPRVQXQFDDQWHVUHJLVWUDGRVHQODSURGXFFLyQGHELHQHVPDWHULDOHV
GHFRQVXPRHQHOWUDEDMRKXPDQR\HQHOXVRGHODQDWXUDOH]DDFDXVDGHODQXHYDV
PiTXLQDV\HOWUDEDMRTXHDSDUWLUGHHVHPRPHQWRVHFRPHQ]yDKDFHUHQVHULH
$VtHVWHPRGRGHYLGDLQGXVWULDOKDORJUDGRDVHJXUDUVXSHUPDQHQFLDFDVLVLQ
H[FHSFLyQDOUHGHGRUGHWRGRHOJORER\WRGRJUDFLDVDOHVWDEOHFLPLHQWRGHOVLVWHPD
FDSLWDOLVWD\VXSULQFLSDOREMHWLYRHOFUHFLPLHQWRHFRQyPLFRTXHFRQODIyUPXOD
FRPELQDGD GH FDSLWDO WUDEDMR FDPELR WHFQROyJLFR \ UHFXUVRV QDWXUDOHV DXQTXH
HVWRV~OWLPRVQRHVWiQSUHVHQWHVIRUPDOPHQWHHQODHFXDFLyQDVHJXUDDXQTXHVHD
HQWHRUtDODJHQHUDFLyQSHUPDQHQWHGHULTXH]D
220 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia
(OFUHFLPLHQWRHFRQyPLFRSHUPDQHFLyFDVLTXHWRGRHOVLJORXXVLQVHUFXHV
WLRQDGR\PiVELHQIXHYLVWRDODPDQHUDGHXQGRJPDGHIHQGLGRFRQREVWLQDFLyQ
SRUORVHFRQRPLVWDVQHRFOiVLFRV$SHQDVKDHPSH]DGRDVHUUHIXWDGRSRUPLQRUtDV
GHHFRQRPLVWDVKHWHURGR[RVTXHGHVGHPHGLDGRVGHOVLJOR XXKDQWUDWDGRGHDU
JXPHQWDUIDOHQFLDVHQVXWHRUL]DFLyQSRUODDXVHQFLDGHORVUHFXUVRVQDWXUDOHV\OD
HQHUJtDHQVXVPRGHORV\DSR\iQGRVHWDPELpQHQODVFRQVHFXHQFLDVDGYHUVDVTXH
GLFHQGHMDVXRSHUDFLyQHQWpUPLQRVVRFLDOHV\DPELHQWDOHV
3HURQLVLTXLHUDFRQFULVLVDPELHQWDODERUGR\XQDSREUH]DFUHFLHQWHHQHO
PXQGRTXHQRORJUDFRQWUDUUHVWDUVHFRQHOFUHFLPLHQWRKDVLGRIiFLOSDUDORVFUtWL
FRVGHHVWHIHQyPHQRHFRQyPLFRKDFHUVHHVFXFKDUHQHOHQWRUQRGHKR\TXHHQVX
PD\RUtDWRGDYtDFUHHHQHOFUHFLPLHQWRHFRQyPLFRFRPRYtDSDUDODJHQHUDFLyQGH
ULTXH]DDXQTXHH[LVWDQLGHDVTXHDSXQWDQDGHPRVWUDUTXHHVWHFUHFLPLHQWRSRGUtD
FRQVWLWXLUPiVXQIHWLFKHTXHODIyUPXODLQIDOLEOH\KRPRJpQHDFDSD]GHSURGXFLU
ULTXH]DHQWRGDVODVQDFLRQHV
/DDFHOHUDFLyQGHORVULWPRVGHODYLGDH[SUHVDGDHQSULQFLSLRHQHOVLVWHPDGH
SURGXFFLyQ\TXHOXHJRLQWHJUDUtDODGLQiPLFDGHOFDSLWDOTXHVHKDGHVFULWRVXFLQWD
PHQWHOtQHDVDWUiVWHUPLQDUtDUHVXPLHQGRLGHROyJLFDPHQWHDVtFRPRHOGHVDUUROOR\
HOSURJUHVRODHVHQFLDPRGHUQDGHODUHODFLyQGHOKRPEUHFRQODQDWXUDOH]DTXHVH
PDQL¿HVWDHQla aceleración GHODVGLQiPLFDVGHODYLGDSDUDREWHQHUXQDSURGXFFLyQ
DJUDQHVFDOD\VLQULHVJRGHSpUGLGD
(VWRJHQHUyXQGHVDUUROORFDGDYH]PD\RUGHODLQGXVWULDHOFXDOVHDUWLFXOy
tQWLPDPHQWHDODYLYHQFLDKXPDQDDOVHUYLVWRFRPRXQIDFWRUVLQHTXDQRQSDUDHO
SURJUHVRGHORVHVWDGRV\GHODKXPDQLGDGFRQ¿JXUDQGRDVtXQDUHODFLyQGLUHFWDFRQ
HOWLHPSRSXHVHOGHVDUUROORLQGXVWULDOHUDXQHOHPHQWRPHGXODUHQODYLGDPRGHUQD
SDUDHOFRQWUROVRFLDO\GHORVFLFORVGHODYLGD
$SURSyVLWR-HUHP\5LINLQDSXQWD
/DUHVSXHVWDRDVtVHVXSRQtDFRQVLVWtDHQXWLOL]DUORVSULQFLSLRVFLHQWt¿FRVGHODPHFiQLFD
FOiVLFDSDUDUHRUJDQL]DUODVFRVDVQDWXUDOHVGHOPRGRTXHPiVIDYRUHFLHVHDORVLQWHUHVHV
PDWHULDOHVGHORVVHUHVKXPDQRV/DFRQFOXVLyQOyJLFDGHHVWHJUDQGLRVRSDUDGLJPDQXHYR
HUD VHQFLOODPHQWH HVWD FXDQWR PiV ELHQHVWDU PDWHULDO ORJUHPRV PiV RUGHQDGR GHEHUi
YROYHUVH HO PXQGR (O SURJUHVR HQ FRQVHFXHQFLD FRQVLVWH HQ DPDVDU XQD DEXQGDQFLD
PDWHULDOFDGDYH]PD\RUFRQORFXDOVHREWHQGUiXQPXQGRFDGDYH]PiVRUGHQDGR>@
WDOHVHQFXDWURSDODEUDVHOSULQFLSDOVXSXHVWRRSHUDWLYRGHOSDUDGLJPDPHFiQLFRGHO
PXQGR5LINLQ
'H HVWD PDQHUD GHVGH HO VLJOR ;,; ODV FRQFHSFLRQHV YLYHQFLDV \ FRQFHS
WXDOL]DFLRQHV GHO WLHPSR ²TXH VHJXtDQ VLHQGR LQÀXLGDV SRU OD PHFiQLFD FOiVLFD
GH1HZWRQ²FRPHQ]DUtDQDKDFHUVHPXFKRPiVUDGLFDOHVGHELGRDODDSDULFLyQ\
ODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHOPHUFDGRDODH[WUDFFLyQ\HOXVRLQWHQVLYRGHODQDWXUDOH]D
FRPRPDWHULDSULPDODFRORQL]DFLyQHXURSHD\DODDSDULFLyQGHDOJXQDVWpFQLFDV\
Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno:...
/ 221
WHFQRORJtDVQRYHGRVDV67RGRHVWHGHVDUUROORVHDUWLFXOyDODVFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLRQHV
TXHVHKLFLHURQGHOQDFLHQWHHYROXFLRQLVPRGDUZLQLDQRHOFXDOIXHLQWHUSUHWDGR\
DFRPRGDGRHQODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHVDIDYRUGHODSDUDWRGHSRGHUTXHVHHVWDEOHFLy
GHVGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVRFFLGHQWDOHVHXURFpQWULFDVSXHVIXHXVDGRFRPRXQDUJXPHQWR
SDUDOOHYDUDFDERHOSUR\HFWRFLYLOL]DGRUGH2FFLGHQWH
/DPDHVWUD3DWULFLD1RJXHUDKDDSRUWDGRDHVWHGHEDWHPRVWUDQGRFXiOIXHOD
YLVLyQGHOWLHPSRTXHHOLJLy2FFLGHQWHSDUDWUDQVLWDUPDUFDQGRVXGHYHQLUWUiJLFR
(OWLHPSRGHORVUHORMHVTXHFXDQWL¿FDHQXQDOtQHD~QLFDODSURGXFFLyQKXPDQDTXLHUH
VHUHWHUQRDWUDYpVGHOGHVDUUROOR4XLHUHHWHUQL]DUODVIXHQWHVGHHQHUJtDTXHKDFHQTXH
HVHWLHPSRVHLPSRQJDHQODYLGDGHOSODQHWD\VRPHWDODYLGDGHOSODQHWDDHVHWLHPSR
ODKLVWRULDGHODPRGHUQLGDGRFFLGHQWDOGRPLQDGRUD(VXQDHWHUQLGDGFRQWDEOHGHODDFX
PXODFLyQSRUPHGLRGHODHVFODYLWXGGHODIXHU]DGHWUDEDMRSRUPHGLRGHODXQLIRUPLGDG
XQLFLGDG\KRPRJHQL]DFLyQ>VLF@GHORGLYHUVR1RJXHUD
$SURYHFKDQGRODGLIHUHQFLDFLyQTXHKDFHODPDHVWUD1RJXHUDFXDQGRGLVWLQ
JXH³HOWLHPSRGHORVUHORMHV´GHRWURVWLHPSRVFRPRORVGHODQDWXUDOH]DSXHGH
GHFLUVHTXHHOUHORMLQYHQWRWpFQLFRPHGLGRUGHOWLHPSR\VtPERORXQLYHUVDOGHO
PLVPRPDUFDUtDODVIRUPDVGHVHQWLUYLYLUHOWLHPSR/RVSURWRWLSRVGHUHORMHVTXH
VHYHQtDQXVDQGRGHVGHOD(GDG0HGLDHQORVPRQDVWHULRVHLJOHVLDVHUDQDKRUD
HQODPRGHUQLGDGWRWDOPHQWHPHFDQL]DGRV\VHFRPHQ]DURQDXVDUSDUDUHJLVWUDU
ORVWLHPSRVGHODQXHYDFXOWXUD\SDUDJHQHUDUXQULWPRFRQVWDQWHHQHOTXHKDFHUGH
RFFLGHQWHHOGHVDUUROORHOSURJUHVR\HOFUHFLPLHQWRHFRQyPLFRLQWHQVLYR
$SDUWLUGHORDQWHULRU%HULDtQFLWDQGRD%$GDPQRVGLFH
/DLQYHQFLyQGHOUHORMQRWDQWRFRPRDUWHIDFWRPHFiQLFRREMHWRGHHVWXGLRSDUDODKLV
WRULDGHODWHFQRORJtDVLQRFRPRGLVSRVLWLYRGHFRPSXWRGHOWLHPSR\GHPDQWHQLPLHQWR
GHODUHJXODULGDGGHOULWPRVRFLDODSDUWLUGHOVLJOR;,9URPSHFRQORVFLFORVUtWPLFRVGH
ODQDWXUDOH]DIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHYDULDEOHVFUHDQGRHOFLFORGHODKRUDGHOUHORM%HULDtQ
(VWHDSDUDWRPHGLGRUGHDOJ~QWLSRGHWLHPSRVHxDOyXQDFRQVWDQWHUXSWXUD
FRQHOSDVDGRLQPHGLDWRFRQORTXH\DQRVHFRQVLGHUDEDDSWRSDUDORV¿QHVGHO
SURJUHVRKHFKRHQHOTXH³VHHVIXHU]DLQFDQVDEOHPHQWHODKXPDQLGDGFLYLOL]DGD
GHVGHKDFHPiVGHXQVLJOR>«@(VWDDFHQWXDFLyQGHOSUHVHQWHHVDOPLVPRWLHPSR
VLQGXGDDFHQWXDFLyQGHOFDPELR´%HULDtQ
6LQHPEDUJRFDEHUHFRUGDUD-R(OOHQ%DUQHWWFXDQGRD¿UPDTXHODVGLYLVLRQHV
TXHKDFHPRVGHOWLHPSR³GL¿HUHQIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHGHORVODGULOORVTXHKDFHQOD
PDWHULD6RORHOGtDHOPHV\HODxRVHEDVDQHQIHQyPHQRVQDWXUDOHVORVGHPiVVRQ
(VWRVKHFKRVQRVRQPHQRUHVVLWHQHPRVHQFXHQWDTXHHV2FFLGHQWHHOTXHYDDH[SDQGLUVXV
PRGRVGHYLGD\QRUPDVSRUWRGRHOPXQGRDORODUJRGHHVHVLJOR\GHOVLJXLHQWH
222 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia
REUDKXPDQD\QLQJXQDHVLQWUtQVHFDDOWLHPSRFRPRODVSDUWtFXODVHVWUXFWXUDOHVGH
ODPDWHULDORVRQDHVWD1RVRQGHVFXEULPLHQWRVVREUHHOWLHPSRVLQRLQYHQFLRQHV
GHODPHQWHKXPDQDFX\RSURSyVLWRHVSRQHURUGHQHQDOJRTXHQRSXHGHQLYHUVH
QLRtUVHQLSDOSDUVH´%DUQHWW
(QVtQWHVLVORVFDPELRVVRFLDOHV\WpFQLFRVHODVFHQVRGHOKRPEUHVREUHOD
QDWXUDOH]D\ODSURGXFFLyQDJUDQHVFDOD\HOXVRJHQHUDOL]DGRGHWHFQRIDFWRVFRPR
HOUHORMVHUtDQHOHPHQWRVTXHDSRUWDUtDQHQODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLyQ
GHOWLHPSR7HQGRVHVFDODVODSULPHUDHQODYLYHQFLDDFHOHUDGDGHHVWHJUDFLDVDODV
QXHYDVWHFQRORJtDV\ODVHJXQGDHQODYLVXDOL]DFLyQGHOWLHPSRTXHVHVLJXLyGDQGR
GHVGHODVFLHQFLDVH[DFWDVFOiVLFDVTXHORPRVWUDEDQFRPRXQKHFKRLQH[RUDEOH
El nacimiento de los otros tiempos
(QODWUDQVLFLyQGHORVVLJORV;,;\XXODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHVHQWUDURQHQXQDVHULHGH
GHEDWHVHSLVWHPROyJLFRVHQORVFXDOHVVHUHD¿UPDODSUHWHQVLyQGHDQDORJL]DFLyQ
GHORVSODQWHDPLHQWRVGHOHYROXFLRQLVPRELROyJLFR²HOFXDODGHPiVIXHPXFKDV
YHFHVPDOLQWHUSUHWDGR\VLPSOL¿FDGR²FRQODVGLQiPLFDVSURSLDVGHOFDPELRGH
ODVFXOWXUDV\ORVSURFHVRVVRFLDOHV
(VWHPRPHQWRGHODKLVWRULDHVGHFUXFLDOLPSRUWDQFLDSXHVVLJQL¿FyHOGH
PD\RUDXJHGHOSDUDGLJPDPHFiQLFR\5LINLQORVLQWHWL]DDVt
/D WHRUtD GDUZLQLDQD GH OD HYROXFLyQ ELROyJLFD UHVXOWDED LJXDO GH LPSUHVLRQDQWH TXH
ORVGHVFXEULPLHQWRVFLHQWt¿FRVGH1HZWRQHQHOFDPSRGHODItVLFD\PX\ELHQKXELHUD
SRGLGRDUULQFRQDUODYLVLyQPHFiQLFDGHOPXQGR\UHFODPDUSDUDVtODKHJHPRQtDFRPR
XQSULQFLSLRRUJDQL]DGRUGHODVRFLHGDGFRPSOHWDPHQWHQXHYR3HURQRVXFHGLyDVt/DV
WHRUtDVGH'DUZLQVHFRQYLUWLHURQHQXQDSpQGLFHGHOPXQGRPHFiQLFRQHZWRQLDQR
/DVLPSOLFDFLRQHVSURIXQGDVGHORVGHVFXEULPLHQWRVGH'DUZLQQXQFDOOHJDURQDH[SORUDUVH
3RUHOFRQWUDULRDOJXQRVGHORVHOHPHQWRVPiVVXSHU¿FLDOHVGHVXWHRUtDIXHURQDSURSLDGRV
GHLQPHGLDWR\XWLOL]DGRVGHXQDPDQHUDTXHFRQWULEX\yDOHJLWLPDUD~QPiVODYLVLyQ
PHFiQLFDGHOPXQGR5LINLQ
(VWDVSRVWXUDVXQLOLQHDOHVGHOWLHPSRHQODKLVWRULD\ODVUHÀH[LRQHVPHFiQLFDV
TXHUHJtDQORVDQiOLVLVGHOPXQGRVRFLDOHUDQYLVWDVFRPRDUJXPHQWRVVyOLGRVTXH
D\XGDUtDQDIRUWDOHFHUHOHGL¿FLRGHODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHVHQORVDOERUHVGHODQXHYD
FHQWXULD3HURGHIRUPDSDUDGyMLFDDXQTXHVLPXOWiQHDDHVWHHVFHQDULRHQODVFLHQFLDV
VRFLDOHVWRGDODHVWUXFWXUDWHyULFDGHODPHFiQLFDFOiVLFDGHVSXpVGHGRVVLJORVHQ
ORVTXHSDUHFtDVHULQTXHEUDQWDEOHFRPHQ]yDVHUFXHVWLRQDGDDUDt]GHORVQXHYRV
GHVFXEULPLHQWRVTXHVHFRPHQ]DURQDJHVWDUHQODItVLFDGHVGHODSULPHUDGpFDGD
GHOVLJORXX(VWHKHFKRJHQHUDUtDYDULDFLRQHVHQFLHUWDVWHPiWLFDVTXHGpFDGDVDWUiV
SDUHFtDQVHU¿MDVHLQPXWDEOHV
3DUDSURIXQGL]DUDFHUFDGHHVWHWHPDYpDVH-XOLiQ6HUQD$UDQJR
Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno:...
/ 223
3RUVXSXHVWRHOIHQyPHQRGHOWLHPSRQRIXHODH[FHSFLyQSXHVORVQXHYRV
H[SHULPHQWRV\WHRUL]DFLRQHVGLHURQFXHQWDGHGLQiPLFDVVREUHVXQDWXUDOH]DTXH
DQWHVQRKDEtDQVLGRSHUFLELGDV&RQHVWHQXHYRSDQRUDPDGDGRSRUODUHYROXFLyQ
ItVLFDGHLQLFLRVGHOVLJORXX ²ODFXDOD~QFRQWLQ~DJHQHUDQGRFRQRFLPLHQWRV\HV
GHQRPLQDGDHQQXHVWURVGtDVFRPRODUHYROXFLyQFXiQWLFDYpDVH/DV]OR²VH
SRQHHQHYLGHQFLDODQHFHVLGDGGHSHQVDUHOWLHPSRQRFRPRXQKHFKRQDWXUDOWRWDO
VLQRWDPELpQFRPRXQIHQyPHQRKXPDQR\SRUWDQWRFXOWXUDO\JHRJUi¿FDPHQWH
VLWXDGR 6H FRPHQ]y D VDOLU GH OD LGHD HVTXHPDWL]DGD TXH KDEtD GHMDGR OD belle
pSRTXHGHTXHORVUHORMHVeran HOWLHPSRSXHVVHYROYLyDWRPDUFRQFLHQFLDGH
TXHHVWRVDSDUDWRVVRORFRQVWLWX\HQXQ³VLPSOH´PHFDQLVPRGHGLUHFFLRQDPLHQWR\
XELFDFLyQWDO\FRPRORUHFXHUGD%DUQHWWFXDQGRGLFHTXH³HOWLHPSRQRVDEHQDGD
GHORVOLQGHVTXHOHPDUFDPRV(VWDEDDQWHVGHTXHHVWXYLpVHPRVDTXtSDUDPHGLUOR
RWURFHDUORHQSHTXHxRVVHJPHQWRV\H[LVWLUiPXFKRGHVSXpVGHTXHQRVKD\DPRV
LGR´%DUQHWW
<DGHPiVDJUHJD
+D\XQWLHPSRTXHHVKXPDQRWDQWRDVtTXHHQRWURSODQHWDQXHVWURVUHORMHVQRVHUYLUtDQ
GHQDGD\DTXHHOWLHPSRGHORVUHORMHVVHEDVDHQODURWDFLyQGHOD7LHUUDVRORYDOHSXHV
HQODVXSHU¿FLHGHHVWD1RWHQGUtDVHQWLGRHQRWURVSODQHWDVFRQYHORFLGDGHVGHURWDFLyQ
GLIHUHQWHV<WDPSRFRORWHQGUtDSRURWUDUD]yQFRPR(LQVWHLQGHPRVWUyHOFDPSRJUD
YLWDWRULRGHORVFXHUSRVFHOHVWHVDIHFWDDOWLHPSR%DUQHWW
9HPRVSXHVFyPRHOUHORM\HOWLHPSRPHQVXUDEOHGHODPHFiQLFDFOiVLFDTXH
VHGLIXQGLHURQDORODUJRGHODPRGHUQLGDGHVWDEDQDKRUDHQJUDQGHVDSULHWRVSXHV
ODYLVLyQQHZWRQLDQDGHXQWLHPSRDEVROXWRIXHSDXODWLQDPHQWHFDPELDQGRSRUOD
FRQFHSFLyQGHOWLHPSRTXHVHHVWDEDFRQVWUX\HQGRGHVGHOD³FLHQFLDGHOFDORU´
RODWHUPRGLQiPLFD'HVGHHVWRVHVWXGLRVVHFRPHQ]yDPRVWUDUFRPRHOWLHPSR
PDUFDEDSURFHVRVLUUHYHUVLEOHV\GHDXPHQWRGHFRPSOHML]DFLyQTXHRFXUUtDQHQOD
PDWHULD\HQWRGRVORVVLVWHPDVGHOXQLYHUVRORVFXDOHVVHGLULJtDQLQH[RUDEOHPHQWH
DXQDGHVRUJDQL]DFLyQHQVXVHVWUXFWXUDV/DWHUPRGLQiPLFDFRQODHYLGHQFLDGHVX
VHJXQGDOH\PRVWUDEDFyPRHOWLHPSRHVXQJHQHUDGRUGHHQWURStDHQXQDLUUHYHU
VLEOHÀHFKDGHWLHPSR
$VtGHVGHODVHQWUDxDVPLVPDVGHOPXQGRIXQFLRQDOTXHRFFLGHQWHSUHWHQGtD
HGL¿FDUDSDUWLUGHODLQGXVWULDEURWyFRPRXQHIHFWRFRODWHUDOHOJHUPHQGHXQD
FLHQFLDTXHHYLGHQFLyRWURVKHFKRVItVLFRVTXHQRKDEtDQVLGRWHQLGRVHQFXHQWD
3DUDSRQHUXQHMHPSORDFHUFDGHORGLFKRHVQHFHVDULRPHQFLRQDUXQDWHPiWLFDTXH
VHUtDGHWHUPLQDQWHHQHOGHYHQLUGHODVGLVFXVLRQHVFRQWHPSRUiQHDVGHOWLHPSROD
UHODWLYLGDGSURSXHVWDSRU$OEHUW(LQVWHLQ
&RQHODQWHFHGHQWHPDUFDGRSRUODWHUPRGLQiPLFD(LQVWHLQFRPHQ]yDDSUHFLDU
HOWLHPSRFRPRXQKHFKRGLIXVRPiVYDULDEOH\YDOJDODUHGXQGDQFLDHVSDFLDOPHQWH
UHODWLYR(VDVtFRPRGHVGHODySWLFDGHODWHRUtDGHODUHODWLYLGDG²ODFXDOWHUPLQDUi
224 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia
FRQVWLWX\pQGRVHHQWRGDXQDYLVLyQSDUDGLJPiWLFDLQFOXVRSDUDODVFLHQFLDVVRFLD
OHV²HOWLHPSRQRHPHUJHVRORVLQRTXHVHHQFXHQWUDHQDUWLFXODFLyQSHUPDQHQWH
FRQHOHVSDFLRIRUPDQGRHOGHQRPLQDGRHVSDFLRWLHPSR
(VWDDUWLFXODFLyQVHUtDGHJUDQLPSRUWDQFLDHQGRVDVSHFWRVLQWHUUHODFLRQDGRV
SULPHURHOJLURHVSDFLDOHQODVFLHQFLDVKXPDQDV\VHJXQGRODLPSRUWDQFLDTXHFREUD
URQGHVGHPHGLDGRVGHOVLJORXXORVWHPDVDPELHQWDOHVJUDFLDVHQFLHUWDPHGLGDDO
VXUJLPLHQWRGHHVWHJLURHVSDFLDOHQHOTXHDOJXQRVGHVXVSHQVDGRUHVKDQKHFKRXQD
UHLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHOWLHPSRGHVGHODVSURSXHVWDVGHODItVLFDHVSHFt¿FDPHQWHGHVGH
OD\DPHQFLRQDGDWHUPRGLQiPLFD(VWDYLQFXODFLyQVHGHVDUUROODUiPiVDGHODQWH
&RQWRGRVHVWRVFDPELRVWHyULFRVDFXHVWDVODWHRUtDPHFiQLFDFOiVLFD\DQR
WHQtDSRUSULPHUDYH]HQGRVVLJORVODVREHUDQtDWRWDOSDUDH[SOLFDUORVIHQyPHQRV
GHOPXQGRGHODPDQHUDFDXVDHIHFWR3RUHVWR%DUQHWWPHQFLRQDDOUHVSHFWRTXH
³KR\SRUHMHPSORHQPHGLRGHXQXQLYHUVRPiVYDVWRGRQGHODVGLVWDQFLDVVHPLGHQ
SRUODYHORFLGDGGHODOX]HOWLHPSRQRWLHQHODLQPXWDELOLGDGVREHUDQDTXH1HZWRQ
OHFRQFHGLy´%DUQHWW
(VWDPRVSXHVDQWHXQSUREOHPDGHQRSRFDVGLPHQVLRQHVYDULDEOHV\FRP
SOHML]DFLRQHVGRQGHHQFRQWUDVWHFRQODPHFiQLFDDQWHULRU\ODVOH\HVLQPXWDEOHVGH
ODItVLFD\ODKLVWRULDVDEHPRVHQDOJRTXHODYLGDHVWiOOHQDGHSURFHVRVUHODWLYRV
\OHMDQRVGHOHTXLOLEULR6REUHODVLPSOLFDFLRQHVTXHWLHQHQHVWRVGHVFXEULPLHQWRV\
ODDJUHJDFLyQGHHVWRVFRQRFLPLHQWRVDODYLGDFLHQWt¿FD\FRWLGLDQD0DOGRQDGR
LQYLWDDSHQVDU
/DLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHHVWDVQXHYDVSHUVSHFWLYDVSRQHGHPDQL¿HVWRTXHODKLVWRULDHVFLHJD
QRVDEHDGyQGHYD\DYDQ]DVHQFLOODPHQWHDWUDYpVGHSDVDMHVUXJRVRVDGDSWDWLYRV7DQ
VROR H[LVWHQ ySWLPRV ORFDOHV TXH DFDVR SXHGHQ VHU FRPSUHQGLGRV UHWURVSHFWLYD R UH
WURDFWLYDPHQWHHVGHFLUFRPRODHODERUDFLyQGHPDSDVTXHLQFRUSRUDQPRPHQWRVRIDVHV
DQWHULRUHV'HHVWDVXHUWHODKLVWRULDQRHVHQPDQHUDDOJXQDXQVLVWHPDWHOHROyJLFRVLQR
XQIHQyPHQRHVHQFLDOPHQWHJXLDGRSRUFRQWLQJHQFLDV(QRWUDVSDODEUDVODFRPSUHQVLyQ
\ODH[SOLFDFLyQGHODVFRVDVQRVRQFDXVDGHSURFHVRV\GLQiPLFDVGHODVRFLHGDG\HQOD
KLVWRULDVLQRHQHOPHMRUGHORVFDVRVWDQVRORHIHFWRV/DGL¿FXOWDGGHDFHSWDUHVWDLGHD
HVWULEDHQODQHFHVLGDGFUHDGDSRUWRGDODFXOWXUDWUDGLFLRQDOHQFUHHUTXHKD\¿QHVPHWDV
\REMHWLYRVHQODKLVWRULD0DOGRQDGR
&RQVLGHUDQGR HQWRQFHV HVWH SDQRUDPD FDPELDQWH SDUD OD ItVLFD WHyULFD HV
QHFHVDULRDKRQGDUXQSRFRHQVXVLPSOLFDFLRQHVWDQWRHQODYLGDGLDULDFRPRHQODV
FLHQFLDVVRFLDOHVHQODVTXHSRUHMHPSORHVWDVUHÀH[LRQHVLQÀX\HURQ\VHVXPDURQ
$SDUWLUGHHVWDVGRVUHÀH[LRQHVGHOWLHPSRVHIXHURQGHVSUHQGLHQGRSURSXHVWDV¿ORVy¿FDVGHVGH
PHGLDGRVGHODGpFDGDGHOGHOVLJOR XXSXHVDOYHUTXH\DHOWLHPSRQRHUDDEVROXWRHQOD
PDUFKDGHOD7LHUUDWDPSRFRGHEtDGHVHUDEVROXWRHQHOVHUKXPDQR(QWUHODVPiVLPSRUWDQWHV
GHEHPRVGHVWDFDUODREUDGH6FKHOOLQJ%HUJVRQ+XVVHUO\SRVWHULRUPHQWH
0DUWLQ+HLGHJJHU\0DXULFH0HUOHDX3RQW\TXHFRQVDJUDURQHOWLHPSRFRPR
SUREOHPDIHQRPHQROyJLFR\VXEMHWLYR
Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno:...
/ 225
DODVYRFHVTXHUHFODPDEDQXQDSUHRFXSDFLyQ\ODSULRUL]DFLyQGHORDPELHQWDO<HVD
LQÀXHQFLDWRPyIXHU]DDOORJUDUVHWHQGHUXQSXHQWHDSDUWLUGHODFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLyQGH
ODWHRUtDGHOHVSDFLRWLHPSRSURSXHVWDSRU(LQVWHLQSXHVHVWDJHQHUyXQDLQÀXHQFLD
HQODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHVHQHOGHQRPLQDGRSRU+HQUL/HIHYEUHgiro espacial.
El giro espacial: el ocaso de la hegemonía del tiempo-poder
en las ciencias sociales
(VQHFHVDULRHQWHQGHUTXHHOJLURHVSDFLDOFRPRXQFDPELRGHSDUDGLJPDTXHWUDWD
GHUHVFDWDUHOSDSHO\OXJDUGHOHVSDFLRFRQHO¿QGHSURSLFLDUDUWLFXODFLRQHVFRQHO
WLHPSRKDPRVWUDGRGHQXHYRODFRQGLFLyQJHRJUi¿FDPHGLRDPELHQWDOWHUULWRULDO
\ ORFDOJOREDO GH OD YLGD VRFLDO$Vt el giro HV XQ DQWHFHGHQWH SDUD HQWHQGHU ODV
FRQFHSWXDOL]DFLRQHVDFWXDOHVTXHVHKDFHQGHODFULVLVDPELHQWDOSXHVGHVGHVXV
HODERUDFLRQHVVHYROYLyDIRFDOL]DUORTXHVXFHGHLQVLWXSHUPLWLHQGRODOHFWXUDGH
ORORFDO\SRVLELOLWDQGRKDFHUXQzoom HQODVSUREOHPiWLFDVGHODUHODFLyQKRPEUH
QDWXUDOH]D
(VWH~OWLPRDVSHFWRHVGHJUDQLPSRUWDQFLDSXHVIXHHOKRPEUHHOTXHHQFLHUWRV
PRPHQWRVGHODKLVWRULDDFHOHUyORVWLHPSRVGHODYLGDHQIRFiQGRVHHQHOGHVDUUROOR
GHEDVHLQGLVFULPLQDGDHQODH[WUDFFLyQ\ROYLGiQGRVHGHOHVSDFLRGXUDQWHXQODUJR
SHULRGR8QRGHORVPRWLYRVSRUORVFXDOHVHOJLURHVSDFLDOHVWDQUHOHYDQWHUHSRVD
HQHOFDPELRTXHVLJQL¿FySDUDODWHRUtDVRFLDOFOiVLFDGHRFFLGHQWHGRQGHFRPR\D
VHKDDGHODQWDGRHOWLHPSRHUDel elementoYLWDOSDUDHODQiOLVLVGHODVVRFLHGDGHV
FRORQL]DGDVGDGRTXHHVWDVDSDUHFtDQ\VHFRQVWLWXtDQFRPRSXHEORVVLQKLVWRULDHV
GHFLUVLQHVSDFLR\WLHPSRSURSLRV
$ODOX]GHHVWHDPDxDGRDUJXPHQWRHUDQHFHVDULRTXHHVWRVSXHEORVFRPHQ
]DUDQDHQWUDUHQODKLVWRULDFLYLOL]iQGRVHHQXQSURFHVRDXWRPiWLFR\SURJUHVLYRWDO
\FRPRVHSURSRQtDGHVGHORVHQXQFLDGRVGHODPHFiQLFDFOiVLFD(VWHKHFKR²OD
VREUHVWLPDFLyQGHOWLHPSR²VHFRQYLUWLyHQXQHOHPHQWRLGHROyJLFRIXQHVWRSXHV
YDOLGyHOSODQWHDPLHQWRGHXQDUHFHWDJHQpULFDDSOLFDEOHDWRGDVODVFXOWXUDVTXH
VHUYLUtDSDUDSURJUHVDU\SDVDUGHVHUXQDFXOWXUDLQIHULRUDXQDVXSHULRUQRUPDOL
]DQGRODKRPRJHQHL]DFLyQHMHUFLGDSRUODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVGHFRQWURO$VtODVFLHQFLDV
VRFLDOHVVHFRQVWUX\HURQHQEXHQDSDUWHDSHVDUGHWRGDVODVLQFRQVLVWHQFLDVHPHU
JHQWHVDLPDJHQ\VHPHMDQ]DGHODVFLHQFLDVH[DFWDVGHFRUWHFOiVLFRHVWDEOHFLHQGR
IHQyPHQRVSURFHVRV\H[SHULHQFLDV³VLQOXJDU´RHQHOPHMRUGHORVFDVRVDGVFULWDV
DXQHVTXHPDHVSDFLDOHXURSHL]DGR/DVSDODEUDVGH*XVWDYR0RQWDxH]LOXVWUDQ\
FRPSOHPHQWDQORGLFKR³ODREVHVLyQPRGHUQLVWDSRUODKLVWRULDSURGXMRXQDFLHQFLD
VRFLDOHQODTXHHOHVSDFLRIXHWUDWDGRFRPRORPXHUWROR¿MRORQRGLDOpFWLFROR
LQPyYLO(OWLHPSRDOFRQWUDULRHUDODULTXH]DODIHFXQGLGDGODYLGD\ODGLDOpFWLFD´
0RQWDxH]
6LQHPEDUJRFRPR\DVHGLMRHQHODSDUWDGRDQWHULRUDORODUJRGHOVLJORXX
VHIXHURQHQFRQWUDQGRLQFRQVLVWHQFLDVHQORVSRVWXODGRVPiVGXURVHLQDPRYLEOHV
226 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia
GH OD PHFiQLFD FOiVLFD \ HVWRV GHVFXEULPLHQWRV GH OD ItVLFD LQÀXLUtDQ OR TXH ORV
WHyULFRV VRFLDOHV KDQ GHQRPLQDGR HO JLUR HVSDFLDO SXHV HVWRV KDOOD]JRV IXHURQ
DSRUWDQGRSHUVSHFWLYDVGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQHQODVTXHGHQXHYRHOHVSDFLRHUDYLVWR
FRPRXQKHFKRYLYR\SRWHQFLDOSDUDHODQiOLVLVGHODVUHDOLGDGHVItVLFDVTXtPLFDV
ELROyJLFDV\VRFLDOHV
$OEHUW(LQVWHLQPRVWUyFyPRHOHVSDFLRWLHPSRHUDXQDWUDPDDUWLFXODGDDXQ
WHMLGRPD\RUFRQIRUPDGRSRUODPDWHULDGRQGHHVHVWDODTXHFRQVWLWX\HODVIRUPDV
GHOHVSDFLR\ODVGXUDFLRQHVGHOWLHPSR(VWDSHUVSHFWLYDFRQWULEXLUtDDORVRFLDO
SXHVHYLGHQFLDEDTXHHOWLHPSRQRHUDHOKHFKRDEVROXWRTXHODPHFiQLFDFOiVLFD
KDEtDFRQVWUXLGR\TXHUHJtDODVGHPiVYDULDEOHVSRUHOFRQWUDULRHOWLHPSRHUDXQ
FRPSRQHQWHTXHVHDUWLFXODEDSHUPDQHQWHPHQWHDOHVSDFLRFRPRSDUWHHVHQFLDOGH
ODPDWHULD
'XUDQWHODVGpFDGDVSRVWHULRUHVDHVWHJUDQYLUDMHHQODFRPSUHQVLyQGHOWLHPSR
\HOHVSDFLRDSRUWDGDSRU(LQVWHLQHOPXQGRDFDGpPLFRHQJHQHUDOKDYHQLGRDOXP
EUDQGRXQDUHODWLYL]DFLyQ\XQUHSODQWHDPLHQWRGHFRQFHSWRV\SHUVSHFWLYDVPLHQWUDV
TXHSRURWURODGRORVSHQVDGRUHVVRFLDOHVDXJXUDEDQHOIUDFDVRGHOD,OXVWUDFLyQ\
VXLGHDGHUD]yQLQVWUXPHQWDODGHPiVGHODFULVLVGHORVPHWDUUHODWRVGHODKLVWRULD
FX\DVSRVWXUDVGHULYDURQHQWUHRWUDVFRVDVHQXQDFRQFOXVLyQSRFRLQRFHQWH\PiV
ELHQGHVDVWURVDODVJXHUUDVPXQGLDOHV
)XHOXHJRGHHVWHPRPHQWRKLVWyULFRFXDQGRHPHUJLyHOJLURHVSDFLDOHQODV
FLHQFLDVVRFLDOHVXQFRQWH[WRPDUFDGRSRUODFULVLVGHXQPXQGRGHVWUR]DGRSRUORV
UDGLFDOLVPRVLGHROyJLFRV\TXHVHGHEDWtDHQWUHFRQ¿JXUDFLRQHVJHRSROtWLFDV\WUHV
SRVLEOHVHVFHQDULRVVRFLDOHVHFRQyPLFRV\SROtWLFRVHOSULPHURXQDE~VTXHGDGH
ODUHFRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQGHELOLWDGRFDSLWDOLVPREDVDGRHQODVSROtWLFDVGHOGHVDUUROOR
\HQHOIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHOOODPDGR7HUFHU0XQGR(OVHJXQGRHVFHQDULRFRQVLVWtD
HQVHJXLUHOFDPLQRSROtWLFRGHOEORTXHFRPXQLVWDTXHLJXDOPHQWHHVWDEDDODHVSH
UDGHTXHVHOHXQLHUDQPiVSDtVHVHQYtDGHGHVDUUROOR<HOWHUFHUFDPLQRSHGtDD
JULWRVXQFDPELRGHYtDSDUDTXHORVSDtVHVQRVHYLHUDQQHFHVDULDPHQWHHQYXHOWRV
HQODVPLVPDVUHFHWDV\WHRUL]DFLRQHVXQLYHUVDOLVWDVVLQRTXHPiVELHQVHDFXGLHUD
DDXWRGHWHUPLQDFLRQHVGHORVSXHEORVHVFHQDULRGRQGHHVWDOODURQSHTXHxDVJXHUUDV
de liberación nacional.
$Vt ODV FRVDV XQ PXQGR GHELOLWDGR SRU OD SRVJXHUUD \ GHVLOXVLRQDGR GHO
SUR\HFWRFLYLOL]DGRUGH2FFLGHQWH³UHTXHUtDXQDDFFLyQGHFLGLGDSDUDUHFRQVWUXLU
ODV HFRQRPtDV HXURSHDV GHVSXpV GH OD JXHUUD \ SDUD UHVROYHU ORV SUREOHPDV GHO
GHVFRQWHQWR SROtWLFR YLQFXODGRV D ODV IRUPDV HQ TXH HO FDSLWDOLVPR LPSXOVDED HO
FUHFLPLHQWR XUEDQRLQGXVWULDO´ +DUYH\ < DVt IXH (Q JUDQ SDUWH GHO
SODQHWDVHIRUWDOHFLy³ODSUHRFXSDFLyQSRUODpWLFDODSROtWLFD\ODDQWURSRORJtDSRU
HOYDORU\ODGLJQLGDGGHORWURWRGRLQGLFDXQFDPELRH[WHQGLGR\SURIXQGRHQOD
HVWUXFWXUDGHOVHQWLPLHQWR´
'HHVWDIRUPDHQODVGpFDGDVGHO\HOVHFRPHQ]DURQDUHFRJHUORVIUXWRV
VHPEUDGRVGXUDQWHODVGpFDGDVGHODSRVJXHUUDSDUWLFXODUPHQWHHQXQDVFLHQFLDV
Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno:...
/ 227
VRFLDOHVTXHYHQtDQFRQDLUHVIUHVFRV\YLVLRQHVQRYHGRVDVSDUDODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQ
ODUHÀH[LyQ\HODQiOLVLVGHORVIHQyPHQRVKXPDQRV)XHHQHVWHSHULRGRFXDQGRVH
FRPHQ]yDGDUIRUPD\FRKHUHQFLDDOGHQRPLQDGRJLURHVSDFLDO$OUHVSHFWR&DUOR
(PLOLR3LD]]LQLFRPHQWD
(QXQDFRQIHUHQFLDGH0LFKHO)RXFDXOWSODQWHDEDTXHHOVLJORxixKDEtDHQFRQWUDGR
VXVUHFXUVRVPLWROyJLFRVHVHQFLDOHVHQHOVHJXQGRSULQFLSLRGHODWHUPRGLQiPLFDPLHQWUDV
TXHODpSRFDSUHVHQWHSRGUtDVHUODGHODVVLPXOWDQHLGDGHVGHODV\X[WDSRVLFLRQHVGHODV
SUR[LPLGDGHV\ODVGLVWDQFLDVHQ¿QODpSRFDGHOHVSDFLR$VtDORV³StRVGHVFHQGLHQWHV
GHOWLHPSR´HODXWRUIUDQFpVRSRQtDORV³DUFDQRVKDELWDQWHVGHOHVSDFLR´(QHIHFWRQR
VHUtDSUHFLVDPHQWHHQHOWHUUHQRGHODKLVWRULRJUDItDTXHHQORVVLJXLHQWHVDxRVHPHUJHUtDQ
RWHQGUtDQHFRODVWHVLVDIDYRUGHODLPSRUWDQFLDHSLVWHPROyJLFD\RQWROyJLFDGHOHVSDFLR
SDUDFRQIRUPDUDTXHOORTXHKR\VHFRQRFHFRPRHO³JLURHVSDFLDO´3LD]]LQL
2WURVtQWRPDGHFDPELRHQODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHVGHULYDGRGHOJLURHVSDFLDO
IXHODHPHUJHQFLDGHHVWXGLRVGRQGH\DQRVHWUDWDEDGHGLFWDPLQDUHQTXpSHULRGRGH
ODHYROXFLyQHVWDEDXQDFXOWXUDVLQRFRPRVXVFRQGLFLRQHVPDWHULDOHVJHRJUi¿FDV
\WHPSRUDOHVOHSHUPLWtDQVHUORTXHHUDHQXQDHODERUDFLyQPiVFRQVWUXFWLYLVWDSRU
SDUWHGHODKLVWRULD\ODDQWURSRORJtD$GHPiVHOJLURHVSDFLDOSRWHQFLyHODQiOLVLVGH
ORVOXJDUHVGHODPHPRULDDVtFRPRODVFDUWRJUDItDVVRFLDOHV\ORVPDSDVPHQWDOHV
\FRJQLWLYRV6HKL]RSRVLEOHFRQFHELUHOHVSDFLRHQODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHVFRPRXQ
SURGXFWRGHSHUFHSFLRQHV\FRQVWUXFFLRQHVLQGLYLGXDOHV\FROHFWLYDVJHRJUi¿FDPHQWH
VLWXDGDV
$GHPiVOD³JHRSROtWLFDFUtWLFD´FRPRXQDGHODVSULQFLSDOHVWHRUtDVGHOJLUR
HVSDFLDOVHGHGLFyDGHFRQVWUXLUORVFRQFHSWRVGHODJHRSROtWLFDFRQYHQFLRQDOGHOD
SULPHUDPLWDGGHOVLJORXX\XQRGHORVSHQVDGRUHVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVGHHVWDHODER
UDFLyQIXH(GZDUG6RMD/DSURSXHVWDGHHVWHDXWRUFRQVLVWHHQKDFHUXQDGLIXVLyQ
UDGLFDOGHXQSHQVDPLHQWRHVSDFLDOFUtWLFRVREUHXQDDPSOLDJDPDGHFXHVWLRQHV
/DREUDGH6RMDGLRSLHDXQDFRQFLHQFLDHVSDFLDOTXHVXSHUDODVPHWiIRUDV
DVRFLDGDVDOWHUULWRULR\EXVFDJHQHUDOL]DUXQDMXVWLFLDHVSDFLDODVtFRPRGLYXOJDU
ODVLGHDVGHOGHUHFKRDODFLXGDG$GHPiVSUHWHQGHHTXLOLEUDUHOVXSXHVWRGHSUH
GRPLQDQFLD GHO WLHPSR FRPR IDFWRU HVWUXFWXUDQWH GH OD YLGD VRFLDO SURSRQLHQGR
TXH ODV H[LVWHQFLDV HVSDFLDO \ WHPSRUDO WLHQHQ XQD HTXLYDOHQFLD RQWROyJLFD \ VH
FRQVWLWX\HQWDPELpQFRPRKHUUDPLHQWDSDUDH[SOLFDUGLIHUHQWHVIHQyPHQRVVRFLDOHV
\VXVVLJQL¿FDGRV1RH[LVWLUtDXQDUD]yQDSULRULSDUDKDFHUPiVLPSRUWDQWHXQD
GLPHQVLyQTXHRWUD9
0LOWRQ6DQWRVWDPELpQKDSDUWLFLSDGRFRQVXSURSXHVWDDUWLFXODGRUDGHOWLHPSR
\HOHVSDFLRTXHSXHGHVLQWHWL]DUVHFRQORVVLJXLHQWHVDSDUWDGRV³/DJHRJUDItDSRGUtD
VHUFRQVWUXLGDDSDUWLUGHODFRQVLGHUDFLyQGHOHVSDFLRFRPRXQFRQMXQWRGH¿MRV\
3DUDUHYLVDUODSURSXHVWDGH(GZDUG6RMDVHUHFRPLHQGDYHUODREUDGHOPLVPRDXWRUPosmetrópolis: estudios críticos sobre las ciudades y las regiones
228 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia
ÀXMRV´6DQWRV³/RVHOHPHQWRV¿MRV¿MDGRVHQFDGDOXJDUSHUPLWHQDFFLRQHV
TXHPRGL¿FDQHOSURSLROXJDUÀXMRVQXHYRVRUHQRYDGRVTXHUHFUHDQODVFRQGLFLRQHV
DPELHQWDOHV\ODVFRQGLFLRQHVVRFLDOHV\UHGH¿QHQFDGDOXJDU´6DQWRV
6DQWRVDQXQFLDTXHVX³SURSXHVWDDFWXDOGHGH¿QLFLyQGHODJHRJUDItDFRQVLGHUD
TXHHQHVWDGLVFLSOLQDFDEHHVWXGLDUHOFRQMXQWRLQGLVROXEOHGHVLVWHPDVGHREMHWRV
\VLVWHPDVGHDFFLyQTXHIRUPDQHOHVSDFLR´6DQWRV
(QODREUDGH6DQWRVVHKDOODXQDLPSRUWDQWHDUWLFXODFLyQGHOWLHPSRFRQHO
HVSDFLRSXHVDPERVVLVWHPDVWDQWRORVGHREMHWRVFRPRORVGHDFFLRQHVSURSXHVWRV
SRUHODXWRUVHFRQVWUX\HQHQHOÀXLU\GHYHQLUGHOIHQyPHQRWLHPSRHVSDFLRHQHO
TXHHVWDSHUPDQHQWHLQWHUDFFLyQHVODFDXVDQWHGHFRPSOHML]DFLyQHQORVVLVWHPDV
HQWUH HOORV HO VRFLDO (Q VtQWHVLV HO JLUR HVSDFLDO FRQVLVWH HQ DVXPLU TXH QR KD\
QLQJXQD UD]yQ SDUD HQWHQGHU TXH QXHVWUD H[LVWHQFLD WHPSRUDO H KLVWyULFD HV PiV
LPSRUWDQWHTXHQXHVWUDH[LVWHQFLDHVSDFLDO([LVWLUtDXQDGLVWRUVLyQRQWROyJLFDDO
UHGXFLUODH[LVWHQFLDVRORDOWLHPSRVLQFRQVLGHUDUHOHVSDFLR
3DUD6RMD\6DQWRVODYLGDKXPDQDHVHVSDFLDOWHPSRUDO\VRFLDOGHPDQHUD
VLPXOWiQHDHLQWHUDFWLYDSRUORTXHSURSRQHQXQDFRQVWDQWHGLDOpFWLFDVRFLRHVSDFLDO
3RUHVRODSURSXHVWDHVTXHORVRFLDO\ORHVSDFLDOHVWDUtDQHQWUHOD]DGRVGHPDQHUD
GLDOpFWLFDPXWXDSUREOHPiWLFDSRpWLFD\IRUPDWLYD/XHJRQRH[LVWLUtDXQIRQGR
PXHUWRRXQHVSDFLRItVLFRQHXWURSDUDODYLGDVRFLDO$OFRQWUDULRHQODQXHYDFRQ
FLHQFLDHVSDFLDOHOPHGLRHQHOTXHHVWDPRVLQVHUWRVSXHGHLQWHQVL¿FDURDWHQXDU
SURFHVRVGHH[SORWDFLyQHFRQyPLFDUHLYLQGLFDFLRQHVVRFLDOHVGRPLQDFLyQSROtWLFD
FRQVWUXFFLyQGHPHPRULDVRFLDODVtFRPRGLIHUHQWHVIRUPDVGHGLVFULPLQDFLyQ6LQ
HVWHUHFRQRFLPLHQWRTXHVHKL]RGHVGHel giro,HOHVSDFLRVHJXLUtDVLHQGRVLPSOHPHQWH
XQHVFHQDULRDPSOLR\SURIXQGRODVGRVGLPHQVLRQHVHXFOLGLDQDVVLQDWHQGHUDODV
UHDOLGDGHVGRQGHHOHVSDFLRVLHPSUHHVWiOOHQRGHIXHU]DV²GRQGHSULPDQPiVGH
GRVGLPHQVLRQHV²OOHQRGHSRVWXUDVSROtWLFDVHLGHROyJLFDVTXHGH¿QHQ\IRUPDQ
QXHVWUDYLGD\QRVGHVDItDQDLQYROXFUDUQRVHQODVOXFKDVHVSDFLDOHV'HHVWRWUDWD
SUHFLVDPHQWHODGLPHQVLyQSROtWLFDGHODMXVWLFLDHVSDFLDO\VREUHHVWHWySLFR0RQ
WDxH]VHSURQXQFLD
6DFNUHFXHUGDTXHORVKRPEUHVVRQVHUHVJHRJUi¿FRV4XLHUHHVWRGHFLUTXHORV
KXPDQRVWUDQVIRUPDQOD7LHUUDSDUDFRQYHUWLUODHQVXFDVDSHURDOKDFHUORVHWUDQVIRUPDQ
HOORVPLVPRVQRVRORPHGLDQWHODSURSLDDFFLyQTXHLPSOLFDODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQVLQRWDP
ELpQSRUORVHIHFWRVTXHHVDWLHUUDWUDQVIRUPDGDRFDVLRQDVREUHODHVSHFLH\ODVRFLHGDG
KXPDQDV0RQWDxH]
(Q HO HVSDFLR HO WLHPSR WRPD SUHVHQFLD /RV ULWPRV KXPDQRV HO DFFLRQDU
VRFLDOODFRPSOHML]DFLyQGHORVVLVWHPDVVRFLRWpFQLFRV\HFRVLVWpPLFRVVHFUX]DQ
QHFHVDULDPHQWHFRQODVGLQiPLFDVGHOHVSDFLRSXHVHVWH³FRQWLHQHJUDQFRPSOHML
GDGWDQWRSRUWHQHUXQFRQWHQLGRUHODFLRQDOFRPSOHMRIXQFLRQDOHKLVWyULFRFRPR
SRUVHUXQPHGLRKROtVWLFRPX\SDUWLFXODUTXHH[SUHVDODH[WUDRUGLQDULDGLQiPLFDH
Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno:...
/ 229
LQWHUDFFLyQVRFLDOHFRQyPLFD\FXOWXUDOGHORVSXHEORV´0RQWDxH]0iV
ELHQFDEHUHVDOWDUTXHGHVGHODFRPSOHMLGDGTXHVHDEULySDVRGHVGHHOJLURVHWHMHQ
QXHYDVQDUUDWLYDVGHODKLVWRULD\GHORVOXJDUHVRFRPRORGLFH%DFKHODUGFRQOD
GLYHUVLGDGKDDSDUHFLGRHOSOXUDOLVPRWHPSRUDO
6RQHQWRQFHVPXFKDVODVSRVLELOLGDGHVTXHEULQGDHOJLURHVSDFLDOHQWUHHOODV
ODHPHUJHQFLDGHODQDWXUDOH]DYLVWDFRPRHVSDFLRGHORYLYLGRGHORTXHVHSHUFLEH
HOHVSDFLRGHODVRFLDOL]DFLyQ\HOTXHSHUPLWHODFRQVROLGDFLyQGHODVFXOWXUDV3HURHO
UHVXOWDGRGHHVDQXHYDPLUDGDDODQDWXUDOH]DHVXQoikos H[SORWDGRHQSDUWHH[WLQ
JXLGRHQPXFKRVVLWLRVJROSHDGR
'HDKtHODSRUWHTXHEULQGDHOJLURHVSDFLDODODFRQFLHQFLDSRUODVSUHRFXSD
FLRQHVDPELHQWDOHV\DOIRUWDOHFLPLHQWRGHVXVSHQVDGRUHV²WDQWRDPELHQWDOLVWDV
FRPRDPELHQWyORJRV²TXHKDQPRVWUDGRODQHFHVLGDGGHUHSHQVDUPXFKDVGHODV
UHODFLRQHV\GHORVFRQFHSWRVHVHQFLDOHV\WUDQVYHUVDOHVGHQXHVWUDFXOWXUDHQWUHHOORV
HOGHOWLHPSR(OJLURHVSDFLDOSHUPLWHYHUORTXHKD\HQOD7LHUUDFRQXQDQXHYD
ySWLFDSXHVVHORJUyPLUDUGHQXHYRODQDWXUDOH]DDQWHVRSDFDGDSRUHOGHYHQLUGH
XQ WLHPSR DEVROXWR HQ TXH HO HVSDFLR ²TXH WDPELpQ HV QDWXUDOH]D² KDEtD VLGR
LQYLVLELOL]DGRRHQHOPHMRUGHORVFDVRVYLVWRFRPRXQHQWHHVWiWLFRWDO\FRPROR
LPSXVRHOSHQVDPLHQWRGHRFFLGHQWH
6LQHPEDUJRVHGHEHVHxDODUTXHODDSDULFLyQGHOSHQVDPLHQWRDPELHQWDOQRVH
GHEHHVWULFWDPHQWHDOGHVDUUROORGHOJLURHVSDFLDOQLHOJLURHVSDFLDOGHEHVXH[LVWHQFLD
RWUDVHJDUDOSHQVDPLHQWRDPELHQWDO/RTXHVtHPHUJHHQHOFXUVRGHHVWDKLVWRULD
VRQUHWURDOLPHQWDFLRQHVHQWUHDPEDVSHUVSHFWLYDVGHSHQVDPLHQWR
6HSXHGHGHFLUSRUHMHPSORTXHHOJLURHVSDFLDODOUHFRUGDUODH[LVWHQFLD\OD
LPSRUWDQFLDGHODQDWXUDOH]D²SRUHVWDUVLWXDGDHQHOHVSDFLR²OHGDXQOXJDUDO
SHQVDPLHQWRDPELHQWDO\DVXSUHRFXSDFLyQSRUODWLHUUDGHQWURGHODVFLHQFLDVVRFLD
OHVDPSOLDQGRDVtODUHÀH[LyQVREUHODVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHQDWXUDOH]D\FXOWXUDWHPD
FOiVLFRGHODGLVFLSOLQDDODTXHKDQFRQWULEXLGRDPSOLDPHQWHORVWUDEDMRVGH/HVOLH
:KLWH-XOLDQ6WHZDUG&ODXGH/pYL6WUDXVV\3KLOLSSH'HVFRODHQWUHPXFKRVPiV
$VLPLVPRHQHOSHQVDPLHQWRDPELHQWDOVXUJLGRHQODGpFDGDGH\TXH
SHUPDQHFH\VHH[WLHQGHKDVWDQXHVWURVGtDVODFHUWH]DGHODFULVLVHFRVLVWpPLFD
JHQHUDOL]DGD HV XQ HMH FHQWUDO TXH KD SRWHQFLDGR OD DSDULFLyQ GH PRYLPLHQWRV
VRFLDOHVTXHEXVFDQHQFRPXQLGDGHVDQFHVWUDOHVIRUPDVPiVUHVSHWXRVDVGHYLQ
FXODFLyQFRQODQDWXUDOH]DTXHHYLWHQHOFRODSVRTXHVHDQXQFLDSRUHOGHWHULRUR
GHODQDWXUDOH]D'LFKRVPRYLPLHQWRVUHIXHU]DQHOSRGHUGHOiPELWRORFDOGRQGH
YXHOYHDHPHUJHUODYDULDEOHGHOHVSDFLRUHODFLRQDQGRXQDYH]PiVSHQVDPLHQWR
DPELHQWDO\JLURHVSDFLDO
&XDQGR VH GLFH ³DPELHQWyORJRV´ VH HVWi KDFLHQGR KLQFDSLp HQ DTXHOORV HVWXGLRVRV GHO WHPD
DPELHQWDOFRPRXQ logos,HVGHFLUFRPRXQVDEHUGDGRSDUDODDFDGHPLD\OHMDQRGHODVOXFKDV
VRFLDOHVTXHFRQVWDQWHPHQWHJLUDQDOUHGHGRUGHOPHGLRDPELHQWH
230 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia
Crisis ambiental, crisis civilizatoria. Búsqueda necesaria
de nuevas concepciones del tiempo
El cambio es el punto de partida de todas
las ciencias del tiempo
*DVWRQ%DFKHODUG
<DYLPRVFyPRHOJLURHVSDFLDOQRKL]RDSDUHFHUDODVFXOWXUDVHQHOHVSDFLR\ODKLV
WRULDVLQRTXHDVLPLVPRWUDMRHOHVSDFLRSURIXQGRODQDWXUDOH]Dla physis. Y al
DSDUHFHUGHQXHYRHQHVFHQDTXHGyDODYLVWDXQDQDWXUDOH]DHQFULVLV&ULVLVVXUJLGD
HQHOVHQRPLVPRGHQXHVWURSODQHWDGHELGRHQJUDQSDUWHDODVUHODFLRQHVVRFLRDP
ELHQWDOHVGHSURGXFFLyQTXHVRQGHVRPHWLPLHQWRGHOPHGLRDPELHQWHDODHFRQRPtD
$VtHOJLURHVSDFLDOKDIRUWDOHFLGRQRODVSDUWLFXODULGDGHVGHORVRFLDOVLQROD
GLPHQVLyQVRFLDOGHORVHVWXGLRVDPELHQWDOHVTXHGHODPDQRGHOUHFRQRFLPLHQWR
GHODFRPSOHMLGDGGHODUHDOLGDGKDQVDFDGRDOKRPEUHGHVXDEVWUDFFLyQPHWDItVLFD
\ORKDQSXHVWRGHQXHYRFRPRHOVHUELyWLFRTXHWDPELpQHVVREUHODWLHUUDTXH
H[SORUDGHVWUX\H\FRQVHUYDFDWHJRUL]DXVDH[SORWD\WUDWDGHUHJHQHUDU8QKRP
EUHTXHREOLJDGRSRUORVGDxRVTXHYHHQVXHQWRUQRDFWXDOGHEHLQWHUHVDUVHHQODV
WRUPHQWRVDVWUDPDVGHODItVLFD
/DFRPSOHMLGDGGHOKHFKRKDFHTXHODFULVLVDPELHQWDOHVWpVLHQGRFRQRFLGD
FDGDYH]PiVFRPR³FULVLVFLYLOL]DWRULD´0D\DSXHVHVXQDFULVLVGHODFXO
WXUDRFFLGHQWDOHQH[SDQVLyQTXHKDJHQHUDGRPXFKRVSUREOHPDVTXL]iVPiVGHORV
TXHKDUHVXHOWRDOSURSLFLDUHVWLORVGHYLGDFRQSUiFWLFDVGHOKDELWDULQVRVWHQLEOHV
1XHVWUDIDOOLGD³FLYLOL]DFLyQ´QDFLGDGHOFRQWUDWRVRFLDOPRGHUQRSXVRDORVKXPDQRV
IXHUDGHOPXQGRREMHWLYRVHSDUiQGRORVGHODQDWXUDOH]D\DVtGHVGHODGLVWDQFLD
YHUODFRVL¿FDGD¿MDFRQWULEX\HQGRDOREMHWLYRGHSRGHUGRPLQDUOD'HHVWDPDQHUD
QXHVWUDSURSLDKLVWRULDQRVHVFLQGLyGHOWLHPSRGHODYLGD1RJXHUD
(QHVWHFRQWH[WRORVSHQVDGRUHVGHODFULVLVDPELHQWDOEXVFDQQXHYDVPDQHUDV
GHUHÀH[LRQDUDFHUFDGHQXHVWUDVIRUPDVGHKDELWDUHQODVFXDOHVHOWLHPSRVLJXH
VLHQGRXQRGHORVHOHPHQWRVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUDUHSHQVDU<HQHVWDGHVD¿DQWHWDUHDORV
FRQRFLPLHQWRVDFXPXODGRVHQHOVLJORXXVREUHODWpUPLFDDSRUWDQVXVWDQFLDOPHQWHD
las ciencias sociales11\DPELHQWDOHV<DQRHVXQVHFUHWRTXHODDFWXDOVLWXDFLyQGHO
PXQGRKDKHFKRSHQVDUODKLVWRULDGHVGHQXHYDVSHUVSHFWLYDV\HQWUHHOODVKD\TXH
GHVWDFDUODDPELHQWDOTXHKDJHQHUDGRODQHFHVLGDGGHFRQWULEXFLRQHVQRYHGRVDV
KDFLDODDPSOLWXGGHOSHQVDPLHQWR$OUHVSHFWRGLFH3DODFLR³/DKLVWRULDDPELHQWDO
HVWiOOHJDQGRDVHUXQFDPSRLPSRUWDQWHGHODKLVWRULDHOORVHGHEHDTXHHVWiUHOD
FLRQDGDFRQSUHRFXSDFLRQHVSUiFWLFDVFRPRODGHVWUXFFLyQGHODYLGDODGLVPLQXFLyQ
11 &DEH UHFRUGDU OD ELRHFRQRPtD GH *HRUJHVFX5RHJHQ OD DFWXDO HFRORJtD SROtWLFD \ OD
HFRQRPtDHFROyJLFDGHDXWRUHVFRPR-RDQ0DUWtQH]$OLHU-RVp1DUHGR\$QWRQLR9DOHUR
\(QULTXH/HII
Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno:...
/ 231
GHODFDSDFLGDGUHSURGXFWLYDGHODWLHUUDFRPRHQWLGDGYLYD>«\@HOGHWHULRURGHOD
FDOLGDGGHODYLGDKXPDQD´3DODFLR
(VWDVUHÀH[LRQHVDPELHQWDOHVVRQDFRPSDxDGDVSRUHOQDFLPLHQWRGHQXHYDV
YLVLRQHVGHOWLHPSR~WLOHVSDUDSHQVDUODVSUiFWLFDVGHYLGDGHQXHVWUDFXOWXUD$O
UHVSHFWR³KD\XQDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDDEVWUDFWDGHOWLHPSRTXHWLHQHTXHYHUFRQODFRQ
FLHQFLDDPELHQWDO\TXHGHVDItDHOVHQWLGRKLVWyULFRWUDGLFLRQDO(QODPHGLGDHQTXH
ODKLVWRULDDPELHQWDOWLHQHTXHYHUQRVRODPHQWHFRQHOWLHPSRGHODVLQWHUDFFLRQHV
HQWUHORVKXPDQRV\ODQDWXUDOH]D´3DODFLR
3UHFLVDPHQWHXQDGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVQRYHGRVDVGHORVHVWXGLRVDPELHQWDOHV
DFWXDOHVHVODLQWURGXFFLyQYDOLGDGDGHIHQyPHQRVTXHDXQTXHQRVHDMXVWHQGH
PDQHUDH[DFWDRVHDQOHMDQRVDORVWLHPSRVGHORVKXPDQRVSRUHMHPSORHQVXV
FRQVHFXHQFLDVVLWLHQHQDIHFWDFLRQHVUHDOHV8QRGHHVRVIHQyPHQRVHVODHQWURStD
$VtFRPRVHKDQUHFRQRFLGRORVWLHPSRVJHROyJLFRVGHODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGH
ORVFRQWLQHQWHVHQXQLQWHQWRGHVXSHUDFLyQGHODQWURSRFHQWULVPRWDPELpQVHYXHOYH
FDGDYH]PiVSRSXODUKDEODUGHOWLHPSRHQWUySLFRHQORVFtUFXORVDFDGpPLFRV(VWH
WHPDTXHGHVGHKDFHYDULDVGpFDGDVKDQWUDEDMDGRSHQVDGRUHVFRPR(OLD3ULJRJL
QH1LFKRODV*HRUJHVFX5RHJHQ&DUPHQ0DWDL[\-XOLiQ6HUQDHQWUHGHFHQDVGH
HVWXGLRVRVKDHPHUJLGRGHPDQHUDLPSRUWDQWHSRUVXVFRQH[LRQHVFRQODHFRQRPtD
\ODHFRORJtD
3HURSDUDVDEHUTXpHVODHQWURStD\HQWHQGHUGHHVWDPDQHUDTXpHVHOWLHPSR
HQWUySLFRGHEHVDEHUVHSULPHURTXHHVWDLGHDSURYLHQHGHODWHUPRGLQiPLFDR³SDUWH
GHODItVLFDTXHHVWXGLDODVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHHOFDORU\ODVUHVWDQWHVIRUPDVGHHQHUJtD´
5$(VI6XIXQGDGRU6DGL&DUQRWItVLFRHLQJHQLHURIUDQFpVH[SXVRHQVXREUD
ODVGRVSULPHUDVOH\HVGHODWHUPRGLQiPLFDTXHVRQUHIHUHQWHVREOLJDWRULRVSDUD
HQWHQGHUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHORVHFRVLVWHPDVSRUORPHQRVHQORTXHFRQFLHUQH
DOSULQFLSDOSURFHVRGHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODHQHUJtDTXHQRVUHJDODHO6ROSDUDOD
YLGDHQHOSODQHWDHVGHFLUODIRWRVtQWHVLV\DVLPLVPRHQODLPSRUWDQFLDTXHWLHQH
ODLUUHYHUVLELOLGDGGHORVSURFHVRV7DERUGD
$¿UPD&DUQRW³WRGRVORVWLSRVGHHQHUJtDVHWUDQVIRUPDQJUDGXDOPHQWHHQ
FDORU\HOFDORUWHUPLQDSRUGLVLSDUVHKDVWDXQSXQWRHQTXHHOKRPEUH\DQRSXHGH
XWLOL]DUOD>DODHQHUJtD@´&DUQRWHQ*HRUJHVFX5RHJHQ(VWRVLJQL¿FDHQ
RWUDVSDODEUDVTXHFDGDYH]TXHXVDPRVPDWHULDRHQHUJtDSDUDXQWUDEDMRRODVGRV
FRPRORKDFHPRVWRGRVORVGtDVDWRGDKRUDSDUDWRGDVODVDFWLYLGDGHVYROXQWDULDVR
LQYROXQWDULDVKDEUiXQDSDUWHGHHVWDVTXHVHXVDUiSDUDHOREMHWLYRTXHQHFHVLWDPRV
WUDEDMRSHURRWUDSDUWHVHFRQYHUWLUiHQFDORULQ~WLORGLVLSDGRTXHGDQGRHQHO
DPELHQWHVLQSRGHUVHUYLUSDUDQDGDPiV
$ HVWH SURFHVR VH OH KD OODPDGR FRP~QPHQWH JHQHUDFLyQ GH HQWURStD (VR
VLJQL¿FDTXHDFDGDSDVRSURGXFWLYRVRFLDOFRJQLWLYRWHFQROyJLFR\GHWRGRVORV
SURFHVRVTXHVHKDFHQVLQH[FHSFLyQVHHVWiSURGXFLHQGRHQWURStDRFDORUGLVLSDGR
TXHTXHGDHQQXHVWURSODQHWD(QODDFWXDOLGDGODHQWURStDHVPXFKDDUD]yQGH
WRGRHOFDORUGLVLSDGRJHQHUDGRSRUODVDFWLYLGDGHVSURSLDVGHODYLGDHQODVJUDQGHV
232 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia
FLXGDGHV\GHORVPRGRVGHSURGXFFLyQGHULYDGRVGHOD³UHYROXFLyQLQGXVWULDO´$Vt
TXHHQDOJ~QPRPHQWRGHODKLVWRULDGHOSODQHWDGHVDSDUHFHUHPRV\ODWHUPRGLQiPLFD
JDQDUiODEDWDOOD\DXQTXHHOWLHPSRHQWUySLFRDOLJXDOTXHHOJHROyJLFRHVGHODUJR
DOLHQWR\VHJXUDPHQWHQLQJXQDGHODVJHQHUDFLRQHVYHQLGHUDVSRGUiYLYLUORHVRQR
VLJQL¿FDTXHHVWHSURFHVRQRHVWpVXFHGLHQGR
$SDUWHGHODVLPSRUWDQWHVLPSOLFDFLRQHVItVLFDV\DPELHQWDOHV\DGLFKDVOD
HQWURStDHVLQWHUHVDQWHHQHOiPELWRVRFLDOSXHVSHUPLWHPDUFDURWURVWLHPSRV\ULW
PRV\WDPELpQPRVWUDUXQHIHFWRGH¿QLWLYRGHODVDJUHVLYDVGLQiPLFDVH[WUDFWLYDVD
ODVTXHHQODDFWXDOLGDGQRVVRPHWHPRV\VRPHWHPRVDORVHFRVLVWHPDV/DHQWURStD
QRVSHUPLWHYHUFyPRHOWLHPSRQRHVVRORXQDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGHODKLVWRULDVRFLDO
VLQRWDPELpQGHODQDWXUDOH]DGHOSODQHWD\GHOXQLYHUVR/DQDWXUDOH]DQRHVVROR
PDWHULDLQHUWHSRUHOFRQWUDULRHVPDWHULDPyYLO\GLQiPLFDSDUDWHQHUHQFXHQWD
/DPDWHULDH[LVWHQWHHVHQJUDQSDUWHHOUHVXOWDGRGHODUHODFLyQLQWHUDFWLYDHQWUH
ORVFDPLQRVGHOWLHPSRGHOXQLYHUVRHOWLHPSRVRFLDO\HOHVSDFLRPDWHULDO(VGHFLU
UHODFLyQHQWUHHVSDFLRWLHPSR\HQWURStD
(VDVtFRPRHOWLHPSRHQWUySLFRSHUPLWHXQDUHÀH[LyQDFHUFDGHODVFXOWXUDV
\GHODSRVLFLyQTXHFRPRVHUHVKXPDQRVPiVDOOiLQFOXVRGHXQDFXOWXUDPLVPD
WHQHPRVVREUHOD7LHUUD6RPRVHQHVHQFLDYLGDGHODYLGD]RHV\XQDHVSHFLHGHODV
WDQWDVTXHFRH[LVWHQ\KDELWDQXQWHUULWRULRXQWHUULWRULRSODQHWD
(QHVWDPLVPDSHUVSHFWLYD0DOGRQDGRLQGLFDTXH
(OWLHPSR²FRPRIXHSXHVWRGHPDQL¿HVWRSRU,3ULJRJLQH²HVJHQHUDGRUGHODFRP
SOHMLGDG0HMRUD~QODFRPSOHMLGDGHVODREUDHOUHVXOWDGRPLVPRGHOWLHPSRGHWDO
PDQHUDTXHSRGHPRVGHFLUVLQDPEDJHVTXHORVIHQyPHQRV\VLVWHPDVVLPSOHVORVRQ
SRUXQDDXVHQFLDGHWHPSRUDOLGDGRELHQSRUTXHORVSURFHVRVRGLQiPLFDVWHPSRUDOHVHQ
HOORVQRVRQYHUGDGHUDPHQWHVLJQL¿FDWLYRV(QFRQWUDVWHFXDQGRXQIHQyPHQRGHWHUPL
QDGRH[LJHVHUFRQVLGHUDGRHQWpUPLQRVGHSURFHVRVWHPSRUDOHVTXHSRQHQDOGHVFXELHUWR
LQHVWDELOLGDGHVWXUEXOHQFLDVÀXFWXDFLRQHVHVWDPRVFRQWRGDVHJXULGDGDQWHXQVLVWHPD
RFRPSRUWDPLHQWRFRPSOHMRHQHOVHQWLGRSUHFLVRTXHODVFLHQFLDVGHODFRPSOHMLGDGOH
DGVFULEHQDOWpUPLQR0DOGRQDGR
'HHVWDPDQHUDORVSODQWHDPLHQWRVGH,O\D3ULJRJLQH\VXFROHJD\FRDXWRUD
del libro La nueva alianza ,VDEHOOH 6WHQJHUV PXHVWUDQ HO WLHPSR FRPR
XQDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGHXQVXFHVRRGHXQFRQMXQWRFRPSOHMRGHHOORVTXHOODPDPRV
LUUHYHUVLEOHV/RVIHQyPHQRVGLDULRVTXHODYLGDPXHVWUDKDEODQFRQHYLGHQFLDVGH
XQWLHPSRHQWUySLFRKHFKRGHDFFLGHQWHVPXFKRPiVFHUFDQRDODVLQFRQVLVWHQFLDV
FXiQWLFDVTXHDODVFRKHUHQFLDVUDFLRQDOHVRDODVFRQVWLWXFLRQHVLQDPRYLEOHVGHORV
PRGHORVGHWLHPSRVXFHVLYR\WUDQTXLORPHFiQLFR\DEVROXWRTXHVHHVWDEOHFLHURQ
HQODPRGHUQLGDG
9LYLPRVDOODGRGHOWLHPSRPLVPRHQFRQVWDQWHLQWHUDFFLyQFRQ³ODUHDOLGDG
HVSLULWXDOGHOWLHPSR<HVWHWLHPSRQRWUDQVFXUUHGHXQDPDQHUDXQLIRUPHQLWDP
SRFRHVXQPHGLRKRPRJpQHRDWUDYpVGHOFXDOWUDQVFXUULUtDPRVQRVRWURVQRHVQL
Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno:...
/ 233
Q~PHURGHOPRYLPLHQWRQLRUGHQGHORVIHQyPHQRV(VHQULTXHFLPLHQWR\SpUGLGD
YLGDYLFWRULD(VpOPLVPRHVStULWX\FRQFHSWR´%DFKHODUG
(Q~OWLPDVHVWRVSODQWHDPLHQWRVLQYLWDQDODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHVDOQHFHVDULR
UHFRQRFLPLHQWRGHODFRPSOHMLGDGGHODVUHDOLGDGHVVREUHODVTXHUHÀH[LRQDTXH
GHVERUGDQODVVLPSOLFLGDGHVGHODVUHODFLRQHVFDXVD\HIHFWRDEULHQGRELIXUFDFLRQHV
\ P~OWLSOHV UHVXOWDGRV SRVLEOHV$GHPiV QRV OOHYDD UHFRUGDU TXH ORV IHQyPHQRV
VRFLDOHVVHFRQ¿JXUDQHQHOPDUFRGHOWLHPSR\HOHVSDFLRFRPRORHQVHxDODIt
VLFDSRUORWDQWRVRQHYHQWRVLUUHYHUVLEOHV\WDOYH]VLQPDUFKDDWUiVTXHJHQHUDQ
GHWHULRURHQWUySLFR
/D LQFRUSRUDFLyQ GH HVWDV LGHDV SXHGH WUDHU D ODV FLHQFLDV VRFLDOHV QXHYDV
SUREOHPiWLFDV GH HVWXGLR R SRU OR PHQRV WUDQVIRUPDFLRQHV HSLVWHPROyJLFDV TXH
SRVLELOLWHQ QXHYRV DFHUFDPLHQWRV D HVR TXH OODPDPRV OD UHDOLGDG (VWDV SUREOH
PiWLFDVVHYLQFXODQSURIXQGDPHQWHFRQPDWHULDVFRPRHOSHQVDPLHQWRDPELHQWDO
FRPSOHMR \ ODV PLVPDV WHRUL]DFLRQHV VRFLDOHV KLVWyULFDV \ ¿ORVy¿FDV TXH QDUUDQ
DOPXQGRPRGHUQR\SRVWPRGHUQRPRVWUDQGRFDXVDVFRQVHFXHQFLDV\GLQiPLFDV
HPHUJHQWHVGHKHFKRVVRFLDOHVFXOWXUDOHVHFRQyPLFRVSROtWLFRV\ELyWLFRVGHKR\
HQWHPDVFRPRODVPLJUDFLRQHVHOFRPHUFLRMXVWR\ODVWUDQVLFLRQHVWHFQROyJLFDVSDUD
KDOODUDOWHUQDWLYDVHQHUJpWLFDVGRQGHVHWRFDQORVWLHPSRVWDQWRGHODLQPHGLDWH]
DGRSWDGDSRUODFXOWXUDWHFQRFLHQWt¿FDGH2FFLGHQWHFRPRGHODUDOHQWL]DFLyQGH
ODVUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVSROtWLFDVGHORV(VWDGRV
(Q LJXDO QLYHO GH LPSRUWDQFLD HVWD YHQWDQD GH DQiOLVLV SHUPLWH UHÀH[LRQDU
DFHUFDGHODVGLQiPLFDVHVSDFLDOHVGHORVPRYLPLHQWRVSREODFLRQDOHVGHODFRQV
WUXFFLyQGHLGHQWLGDGHVWUDQVQDFLRQDOHVHQPHGLRGHODJOREDOL]DFLyQODJHQHUDFLyQ
GH QR OXJDUHV ORV LQWHUFDPELRV HFRQyPLFRV QRUWHVXU ODV HFRQRPtDV VXUVXU \
ODVDOWHUQDWLYDVSDUDWUDQVIRUPDUPRGRVGHYLGDSHWUyOHRGHSHQGLHQWHVTXHWLHQHQ
WRGRTXHYHUFRQVXXELFDFLyQHQHOPDSDRORVSDWULPRQLRVQDWXUDOHVTXHSRVHHQ
GHWHUPLQDGRVWHUULWRULRV
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHV¿QDOHV
(OWLHPSRIXHXQHOHPHQWRVREUHVWLPDGRDORODUJRGHODFRQIRUPDFLyQGHOPXQGR
PRGHUQR\D~QKDVWDQXHVWURVGtDV(VWDSUHSRQGHUDQFLDVLJQL¿FyHOVDFUL¿FLRGHO
HVSDFLRHOFXDOHUDYLVWRFRPRXQFRQWHQHGRUHVWiWLFRVHJ~QHOPRGHORHXFOLGLDQR
TXHUHWRPyODPHFiQLFDFOiVLFDGH1HZWRQHQHOFXDOOR~QLFRTXHVHGHEtDWHQHU
HQFXHQWDHUDQODVVHFXHQFLDVGHFDPELRVRFLDODODPDQHUDVDOYDMLVPREDUEDULH
FLYLOL]DFLyQHVWDEOHFLGDVGHVGHODVYLVLRQHVHXURFpQWULFDVGHODFLHQFLDLQFOXLGDV
ODVQDFLHQWHVFLHQFLDVKXPDQDV
&RQODOOHJDGDGHODUHYROXFLyQLQGXVWULDOYLQLHURQSDUDODVFLHQFLDVXQDLQPHQ
VLGDGGHHVSHFLDOL]DFLRQHVTXHWUDMHURQPXFKRVGHVFXEULPLHQWRVHQODItVLFDFRPR
ODVGRVYLVLRQHVGHWLHPSRDTXtFRPSDUWLGDVODSULPHUDODGHODWHUPRGLQiPLFD\
VXVHJXQGDOH\ODGHODHQWURStDTXHDEUHXQDYHQWDQDDXQDQXHYDLGHDGHWLHPSR
234 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia
\ODVHJXQGDODLGHDGHOHVSDFLRWLHPSRSURYHQLHQWHGHODWHRUtDGHODUHODWLYLGDG
GH$OEHUW(LQVWHLQHQODFXDOFRQÀX\HQORHVSDFLDO\ORWHPSRUDO$PERVDSRUWHVVH
KDQYXHOWRLQVXPRVGHLPSRUWDQWHLQÀXHQFLDSDUDODVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHVHQORTXH
VHKDFRQRFLGRFRPRHOJLURHVSDFLDO
/DLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHHVWRVLQVWUXPHQWRVKDVHUYLGRSDUDUHLYLQGLFDUHOOXJDU
GHOHVSDFLR\VXJUDQGLYHUVLGDGYLVLELOL]DQGRORTXHRFXUUHHQ\GHVGHORORFDO
HYLGHQFLDQGRLQWHUDFFLRQHVGHOHVSDFLRFRQHOWLHPSRSXHVWDOFRPRORPHQFLRQD
3DODFLR³HOLQWHUpVHQHVFULELUDFHUFDGHOHVSDFLRHQODKLVWRULD>TXHHVWLHPSR@WLHQGH
DUHFXSHUDUODLPSRUWDQFLDGHORVSUREOHPDVORFDOHVGHPDQHUDLQWHUFRQHFWDGDFRQ
ORVSUREOHPDVJOREDOHV´3DODFLR
7HQHUGHYXHOWDDOHVSDFLRHVIUXFWtIHURHQP~OWLSOHVGLPHQVLRQHV6XUHDSDULFLyQ
WUDHGHODPDQRHOUHWRUQRGHODQDWXUDOH]DODVSUHRFXSDFLRQHVWHUUHQDOHV\ItVLFDV
\FRQHOODVHOLQWHQWRGHVROXFLRQDUODVRPHMRUDUODVGHVGHiUHDVFRPRODHFRORJtD
SROtWLFD OD HFRQRPtD HFROyJLFD HWF UHFXUULHQGR D UHÀH[LRQHV GH ODV UHODFLRQHV
KRPEUHQDWXUDOH]D
'HHVWDPDQHUDVHKDORJUDGRPiVDWHQFLyQVREUHORTXHH[LVWH\KDELWDHQ
HOHVSDFLRHVGHFLUHOSDWULPRQLRQDWXUDOORVHFRVLVWHPDVODQDWXUDOH]DGHODTXH
QRVRWURVPLVPRVKDFHPRVSDUWH\HVDPXOWLSOLFLGDGGHLQWHUDFFLRQHVTXHDFWXDO
PHQWHVRQHQVXPD\RUtDFRQÀLFWLYDVDUD]yQGHODVDSURSLDFLRQHVFRQYHUWLGDVHQ
H[SORWDFLRQHVTXHRFXUUHQKDFHPiVGHGRVVLJORV\D~QFRQWLQ~DQFRQPRWLYRGHOD
FDUUHUDVLQ¿QTXHHPSH]yFRQODVEDQGHUDVGHOD5HYROXFLyQLQGXVWULDO\TXHDKRUD
SHUYLYHFRQODUHFHWDGHOFUHFLPLHQWRHFRQyPLFR\HOLGHDOGHVJDVWDGR\YDFtRGHO
SURJUHVRJHQpULFR
(VHQHVWHHVFHQDULRHQHOGHODPELHQWHH[SXHVWRVREUHH[SXHVWR\HQYXHOWR
HQPXOWLSOLFLGDGHVGHFULVLVVLQUHVROYHUHQHOTXHORVSHQVDGRUHVGHORDPELHQWDO
FDWHJRUtDTXHLQFOXVRKR\\DVHTXHGDFRUWDSDUDUHÀH[LRQDUSUREOHPDVTXHFUX]DQD
ODHFRORJtDODHFRQRPtDODSROtWLFDODFLHQFLDODWHFQRORJtDHQWUHPXFKDVRWUDVHQ
VXE~VTXHGDGHDOWHUQDWLYDVDOD“aceleración y tiranía del presente”²HQSDODEUDVGH
%HULDtQ²KDQYLVWRHQODLQWHJUDFLyQWUDQVGLVFLSOLQDUXQDGHODVPD\RUHVDSXHVWDV
$VtWDQWRHQODItVLFDFRPRHQHODUWHHQODWHUPRGLQiPLFDODSRHVtD\HQFXDO
TXLHURWUDFLHQFLDRVDEHUHVQHFHVDULRSURIXQGL]DU\UHYLWDOL]DUODVUHÀH[LRQHVTXH
OOHYHQDHQWHQGHUHVWHGHYHQLUKLVWyULFRTXHKDVWDDTXtQRVWUDHFRPRFLYLOL]DFLyQ\
DLQWHQWDUYLVOXPEUDUORTXHYLHQH(QHVHVHQWLGRPHWRGROyJLFDPHQWHORVHVWXGLRV
VREUH HO HVSDFLRWLHPSR VH FRQVWLWX\HQ FRPR HVFHQDULR GH WUDQVGLVFLSOLQDULHGDG
GHVSRMDGDGHMHUDUTXtDVGRQGHRMDOiKD\DXQHVIXHU]RSRUDSUHQGHUORVOHQJXDMHVGH
ODVRWUDVGLVFLSOLQDVHLQFRUSRUDUORVSDUDSRGHUDSUHFLDUORV\SRWHQFLDUVXVDSRUWHV
HQHOWUDEDMRDFDGpPLFR
(QHVWHRUGHQKD\TXHYROYHUDSHQVDUVREUHOR\DSHQVDGR\HQHVWDRSRUWX
QLGDGVREUHHOWLHPSRWDQWRHOGHKDFHGRVVLJORVFRPRHOGHKR\HOHQWUySLFR\HO
UHODWLYRVLHPSUHHQXQDtQWLPDUHODFLyQFRQHOHVSDFLRSDUDWHQHUODRSRUWXQLGDGGH
Tiempo entrópico, relativo y moderno:...
/ 235
GHVFXEULUHQVXVDUULWPLDV²ODVGHKRPEUHV\VRFLHGDGHVDFWXDOHVIUHQWHDODQDWXUD
OH]D²XQDGHODVFDXVDVSURIXQGD\HQTXLVWDGDGHODGHQRPLQDGDFULVLVFLYLOL]DWRULD
(VQHFHVDULRVHJXLUHQODFRQVWDQWHE~VTXHGDGHXQWLHPSRQLHXURFpQWULFRH
LQFOXVRQLVLTXLHUDDQWURSRFpQWULFRHQDOJXQRVPRPHQWRVTXHSHUPLWDODHPHU
JHQFLDGHRWUDVUHDOLGDGHVLQWHUFRQHFWDGDVTXHLJXDOQRVDIHFWDQFRPRXQDHVSHFLH
PiVFRH[LVWHQWHHQHVWHJORER)DOWDPXFKRSDUDFRQVWUXLUXQDVFLHQFLDVVRFLDOHV
PiVLQWHJUDGRUDVFRQODVDFWXDOHVFLHQFLDVItVLFDV\GHPiVPDUFDGDVSRUODUHODWL
YLGDGODLQFHUWLGXPEUH\HOSULQFLSLRGHLQGHWHUPLQDFLyQTXHDWUDYLHVDQGHPDQHUD
FRQVWDQWHQXHVWUDVUHDOLGDGHV
Referencias bibliografía
%DFKHODUG*DVWRQLa dialéctica de la duración.(GLFLRQHV9LOODODU0DGULG
%DUQHWW-R(OOHQEl péndulo del tiempo. En pos del tiempo: De los relojes de sol a los átomos.
3HQtQVXOD$WDOD\D%DUFHORQD
%HULDtQ-RVHW[R$FHOHUDFLyQ\WLUDQtDGHOSUHVHQWH/DPHWDPRUIRVLVHQODVHVWUXFWXUDVWHPSR
UDOHVGHODPRGHUQLGDG$QWKURSRVHGLWRULDO8QLYHUVLGDG$XWyQRPD0HWURSROLWDQD%DUFHORQD
0p[LFR')
%OXPHQEHUJ+DQVTiempo del mundo, tiempo de la vida.3UH7H[WRV9DOHQFLD
&DPHURQ5\1HDO/Historia económica mundial.$OLDQ]D(GLWRULDO0DGULG
*HRUJHVFX5RHJHQ1LFKRODV³(QHUJtD\PLWRVHFRQyPLFRV´(Q6RXWKHUQ-RXUQDO0D\R
SS
+DUYH\'DYLGLa condición de la posmodernidad. Investigación sobre los orígenes del cambio
cultural.$PRUURUWX(GLWRUHV%XHQRV$LUHV
.RVVHOOHFN5HLQKDUW)XWXURSDVDGR3DLGyV%DUFHORQD
/DV]OR(UYLQ(OFDPELRFXiQWLFRFRPRHOQXHYRSDUDGLJPDFLHQWt¿FRSXHGHWUDQVIRUPDUOD
sociedad..DLUyV%DUFHORQD
/HII(QULTXHSaber ambiental: sustentabilidad, racionalidad, complejidad, poder.6LJOR;;,
HGLWRUHV%XHQRV$LUHV
0DOGRQDGR(GXDUGR³7HRUtDGHODKLVWRULD¿ORVRItDGHODKLVWRULD\FRPSOHMLGDG´(QFronteras
de la ciencia y la complejidad(GLWRULDO8QLYHUVLGDGGHO5RVDULR%RJRWi
0DUWtQH]$OLHU-RDQDe la economía ecológica al ecologismo popular.,FDULD%DUFHORQD
0D\D$XJXVWRÈQJHO/DGLRVD1pPHVLV¢'HVDUUROORVRVWHQLEOHRFDPELRFXOWXUDO"&RUSRUDFLyQ
8QLYHUVLWDULD$XWyQRPDGH2FFLGHQWH3URJUDPDGHDGPLQLVWUDFLyQDPELHQWDO&DOL
0RQWDxH]*yPH]*XVWDYREspacio y territorios. Razón, pasión e imaginarios8QLYHUVLGDG
1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD9LFHUUHFWRUtD*HQHUDO(GLWRULDO8QLELEORV%RJRWi
1DUHGR-RVH\9DOHUR$QWRQLRDesarrollo económico y deterioro ecológico.(GLWRUHV9LVRU
%DUFHORQD
1RJXHUD3DWULFLD&XHUSR7LHUUD(OHQLJPDHOKDELWDUODYLGD«(PHUJHQFLDVGHXQSHQVDPLHQWR
ambiental en clave del reencantamiento del mundo.*UXSRGH3HQVDPLHQWR$PELHQWDO,QVWLWXWR
GH(VWXGLRV$PELHQWDOHV,'($'HSDUWDPHQWRGH&LHQFLDV+XPDQDV8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH
&RORPELD6HGH0DQL]DOHV
236 / Boletín de Antropología, Vol. 28 N.º 45, primer semestre de 2013. Universidad de Antioquia
3DODFLR*HUPiQ³+LVWRULDWURSLFDODFRQVLGHUDUODVQRFLRQHVGHHVSDFLRWLHPSR\FLHQFLD´(Q
3DODFLR*HUPDQ\8OORD$VWULG(GVRepensando la naturaleza. Encuentros y desencuentros
disciplinarios en torno a lo ambiental8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELDVHGH/HWLFLD,QVWLWXWR
$PD]yQLFRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV,PDQL,FDQKFROHFFLRQHV3DQDPHULFDQD)RUPDVH,PSUHVRV6
$%RJRWi
3DQQLNDU5DLPRQ/DH[SHULHQFLD¿ORVy¿FDGHOD,QGLD7URWWD0DGULG
3LD]]LQL&DUOR(PLOLR³3DUDODVJHRJUDItDVGHOWLHPSR%XVFDQGRORVHVSDFLRVGHODKLVWRULD´
(Q*XHUUD&DUPHQ3pUH]0DULDQR\7DSLD&DUORV(GVEl Territorio como demo: demo(a)
grafías, demo(a) cracias y epidemias.8QLYHUVLGDG,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH$QGDOXFtD5HG,QWHUQDFLRQDO
GH(VWXGLRV6RFLRHVSDFLDOHV5(6(6HYLOOD
3ULJRJLQH ,O\D 6WHQJHUV ,VDEHOOH La nueva alianza: metamorfosis de la ciencia.$OLDQ]D
(GLWRULDO0DGULG
5$(5HDO$FDGHPLDGHOD/HQJXDVI>(QOtQHD@KWWSOHPDUDHHVGUDH"YDO SUHGHFLGR&RQ
VXOWDGDHOGHDJRVWRGH
5LIWNLQ-HUHP\(QWURStDKDFLDHOPXQGRLQYHUQDGHUR(GLWRULDO8UDQR%DUFHORQD
6DQWRV0LOWRQNaturaleza del espacio. Técnica y tiempo. Razón y emoción.(GLWRULDO$ULHO
%DUFHORQD
6RMD(GZDUGPosmetrópolis: estudios críticos sobre las ciudades y las regiones.7UD¿FDQWHV
GH6XHxRV0DGULG
7DERUGD$0Entre motivaciones y epifanías. Quehaceres socioambientales de académicos
colombianos. )DFXOWDGGH0LQDV8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH&RORPELD6HGH0HGHOOtQ