Addendum 2015 - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

Addendum 2015
Additif 2015
Adición 2015
Addendum 2015
Additif 2015
Adición 2015
٢٠١٥ ‫اإلضافة‬
2015年增编
Добавление 2015
2015年增编
Добавление 2015
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ADDENDUM 2015
ADDITIF 2015
ADICIÓN 2015
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2015ᖺቔ亾
ȾɈȻȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ ȽɈȾȺ
UNITED NATIONS
New York, 2016
Acknowledgements
This addendum to the Multilingual Dictionary of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances under International
Control, was produced in the Laboratory and Scientific Section (LSS) of UNODC, headed by Dr. Justice Tettey. The
preparation and coordination was carried out by Ms. Susan Ifeagwu, and the contribution of Dr. Conor Crean,
Dr. Iphigenia Naidis, Ms. Lilia Jimenez-Ertl and UNODC LSS staff members are gratefully acknowledged.
The LSS is grateful to all other UNODC colleagues who contributed to this publication.
ST/NAR/1/Rev.2/Add.1
© United Nations, February 2016. All rights reserved, worldwide.
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any
opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
This publication has not been formally edited.
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aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa‫ ﻧﻄﺎق وﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﳌﻮاد وأﻣﻼﺣﻬﺎ وإﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑا ﺎ وإﺳﱰا ﺎ وإﻳﱰا ﺎ‬
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‫دراﺳﺎت إﻓﺮادﻳﺔ ﺑﺸﺄن اﻟﻤﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬
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‫ﻓﻬﺮس ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ أﺑﺠﺪﻳﺎ‬
‫ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬،‫ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﻤﺎء ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺠﺪوﻟﺔ وأﻣﻼﺣﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ وﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
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‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬
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‫ اﻟﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺪوﻟﺔ واﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﻫﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‬:‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬
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‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻨﻮع اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﱵ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺎ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة وﰲ‬
‫اﳌﺆﻟﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﻫﺬا ﻳﻌ ﱢﻘﺪ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ اﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﲟﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات‪ .‬واﻟﻐﺮض اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻦ إﻋﺪاد‬
‫اﳌﻌﺠﻢ اﳌﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻠﻐﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺑﺬل‬
‫ﻗﺼﺎرى اﳉﻬﺪ ﳉﻌﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺑﻘﺪر اﳌﺴﺘﻄﺎع‪.‬‬
‫)(‬
‫وﻗــﺪ ﻛﺎﻧــﺖ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤــﺔ اﻷوﱃ اﳌﺘﻌــﺪدة اﻟﻠﻐــﺎت ﻟﻠﻤ ـﻮاد اﳋﺎﺿــﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒــﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴــﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟــﱵ ﻧﺸ ــﺮت ﰲ ﻋــﺎم ‪،١٩٥٨‬‬
‫ﺗﺸ ــﻤﻞ اﳌﺨـ ـ ﱢﺪرات ﻓﻘ ــﻂ‪ .‬وﻧﺸ ــﺮت اﻟﻄﺒﻌ ــﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﻣ ــﻦ اﳌﻌﺠ ــﻢ اﳌﺘﻌ ــﺪد اﻟﻠﻐ ــﺎت ﺑﺸ ــﻜﻠﻪ اﳊ ــﺎﱄ‪ ،‬اﻟ ــﺬي ﻳﺸ ــﻤﻞ اﳌﺨـ ـ ﱢﺪرات‬
‫واﳌـﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴــﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻋــﺎم ‪ ()،١٩٨٣‬وﺗﻠﺘﻬــﺎ ﻃﺒﻌــﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴــﺔ ﰲ ﻋــﺎم ‪ ().١٩٩٣‬وﻧُﺸــﺮت ﻧﺴــﺨﺔ ﻣﻨ ﱠﻘﺤــﺔ ﻣــﻦ اﳌﻌﺠــﻢ اﳌﺘﻌــﺪد‬
‫اﻟﻠﻐﺎت ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ٢٠٠٦‬ﲡﺴﺪ ﻗـﺮارات ﳉﻨـﺔ اﳌﺨـ ﱢﺪرات ﺑﺸـﺄن اﳉﺪوﻟـﺔ أو إﻋـﺎدة اﳉﺪوﻟـﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫـﻲ ﺗﺘﻀـﻤﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـﺎت اﻟـﻮاردة ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌ ــﺎت اﻟﺴ ــﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬إﱃ ﺟﺎﻧ ــﺐ أﺣ ــﺪث اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣ ــﺎت اﳌﺘﺎﺣ ــﺔ ﰲ ذﻟ ــﻚ اﻟﻮﻗ ــﺖ ﻋ ــﻦ اﳌﺨـ ـ ﱢﺪرات واﳌ ــﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴ ــﺔ اﳋﺎﺿ ــﻌﺔ‬
‫)(‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ اﻟﺼﺎدر ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ٢٠٠٦‬ﺟﺰأﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﳘﺎ اﳉﺰآن اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪ .‬أ ﱠﻣﺎ‬
‫اﳉﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻓﻴﺘﻀ ﱠﻤﻦ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ اﳌﻮاد ا ﺪوﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺎت اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ واﻻﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﺮوﺳﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﱰﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ وإﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬وأ ﱠﻣﺎ اﳉﺰء اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻓﻴﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﱄ‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﺪم ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﺘﺎرﳜﻲ ﳉﺪوﻟﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ وﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﳉﺰء اﻷول ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﳌﻌﺠﻢ اﳌﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻠﻐﺎت دراﺳﺎت إﻓﺮادﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻮاد اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﳉﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺎ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺎ‬
‫أﲜﺪﻳﺎ ﻟﻸﲰﺎء اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﺪ أﻋﺪت ﻫﺬﻩ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺠﻢ اﳌﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻠﻐﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫أﻋﻘﺎب ﻗﺮارات ﳉﻨﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪ رات ﺑﺸﺄن اﳉﺪوﻟﺔ أو إﻋﺎدة اﳉﺪوﻟﺔ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺴﻨﻮات اﻟﱵ اﻧﻘﻀﺖ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺻﺪور اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﳌﻨ ﱠﻘﺤﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪ .٢٠٠٦‬‬
‫‬
‫ ‪) ،0XOWLOLQJXDO/LVWRI1DUFRWLF'UXJV8QGHU,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQWURO‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮرات اﻷﻣﻢ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‪ ١٩٥٨ ،‬رﻗﻢ اﳌﺒﻴﻊ‬
‫‪(;,‬؛ ﺗﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪) ١٩٦٣‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮرات اﻷﻣﻢ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‪ ،‬رﻗﻢ اﳌﺒﻴﻊ ‪ (;,‬وﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪) ١٩٦٩‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮرات اﻷﻣﻢ‬
‫اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‪ ،‬رﻗﻢ اﳌﺒﻴﻊ ‪.(()65;,‬‬
‫ ‪ ،0XOWLOLQJXDO'LFWLRQDU\RI1DUFRWLF'UXJVDQG3V\FKRWURSLF6XEVWDQFHV8QGHU,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQWURO‬‬
‫)ﻣﻨﺸﻮرات اﻷﻣﻢ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‪ ،١٩٨٣ ،‬رﻗﻢ اﳌﺒﻴﻊ ‪(()56;,‬؛ واﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ،$GGHQGXP‬اﻟﱵ ﻧﺸﺮت ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪) ١٩٨٨‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮرات اﻷﻣﻢ‬
‫اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‪ ،‬رﻗﻢ اﳌﺒﻴﻊ ‪.(()56;,‬‬
‫ ‪،0XOWLOLQJXDO'LFWLRQDU\RI1DUFRWLF'UXJVDQG3V\FKRWURSLF6XEVWDQFHVXQGHU,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQWURO‬‬
‫)ﻣﻨﺸﻮرات اﻷﻣﻢ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‪ ،١٩٩٣ ،‬رﻗﻢ اﳌﺒﻴﻊ ‪ ،(()6;,‬واﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ،$GGHQGXP‬اﻟﱵ ﻧﺸﺮت ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪) ١٩٩٨‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮرات اﻷﻣﻢ‬
‫اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‪ ،‬رﻗﻢ اﳌﺒﻴﻊ ‪.(()6;,‬‬
‫ ‪،0XOWLOLQJXDO 'LFWLRQDU\ RI 1DUFRWLF 'UXJV DQG 3V\FKRWURSLF 6XEVWDQFHV XQGHU ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQWURO‬‬
‫)ﻣﻨﺸﻮرات اﻷﻣﻢ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‪ ،٢٠٠٦ ،‬رﻗﻢ اﳌﺒﻴﻊ ‪ ،(0;,‬اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺢ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫وﻳﻜ ﱢﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﺸﻮر ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ اﳌﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻠﻐﺎت ﻟﻠﺴﻼﺋﻒ واﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎوﻳﺎت اﻟﱵ ﻳﻜﺜﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺼﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻏﲑ اﳌﺸﺮوع ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي ﻳﺸﻤﻞ اﳌﻮاد اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ()،١٩٨٨‬ﻫﺬﻩ ا ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﺎﺟﻢ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ‪.‬‬
‫وأﺧﲑا ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧـُﱢﻘﺤﺖ اﳌﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻹﻳﻀﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ وأدﺧﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﲢﺴﻴﻨﺎت ﳉﻌﻞ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ‬
‫أﻳﺴﺮ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ‪.‬‬
‫وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻗﺮارات ﳉﻨﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪ رات ﺑﺸﺄن اﳉﺪوﻟﺔ أو إﻋﺎدة اﳉﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﺎدرة ﻣﻨﺬ ﺻﺪور اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﳌﻌﺠﻢ اﳌﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻠﻐﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪.٢٠٠٦‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺪر‪/‬اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ ‬
‫اﻷول ‬
‫اﻷول ‬
‫اﻷول ‬
‫اﻷول ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‬
‫اﻷول ‬
‫‪ %1%20H‬‬
‫‪ &1%20H‬‬
‫‪ ,1%20H‬‬
‫‪ +‬‬
‫‪ $0‬‬
‫‪ – 1‬ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻞ ﺑﻴﺒﲑازﻳﻦ )‪ (%=3‬‬
‫)(‬
‫اﳌﺎدة ﻏﺎﻣﺎ‪-‬ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻲ اﻟﺰﺑﺪ )‪(*+%‬‬
‫‪ -:+‬‬
‫‪ ٤،٣‬ﻣﻴﺜﻴﻠﲔ دﻳﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﲑوﻓﺎﻟﲑون ‪ 0'39‬‬
‫اﳌﻴﻔﻴﺪرون ‬
‫اﳌﻴﺜﻴﻠﻮن‬
‫اﻷورﻳﺒﺎﻓﲔ ‬
‫‬
‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻢ ﺳﻨﺔ اﺗﺨﺎذ أول‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة )اﻟﺴﻨﺔ( ﻗﺮار ﺑﺎﻹدراج‬
‫‪ ١٩٧١‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٧١‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٧١‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٦١‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٧١‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٧١‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٧١‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٧١‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٧١‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٧١‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٧١‬‬
‫‪ ١٩٦١‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠٠١‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٢٠٠٧‬‬
‫ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻢ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة ﳌﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻻﲡﺎر ﻏﲑ اﳌﺸﺮوع ﰲ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﺔ ‪.١٩٨٨‬‬
‫)( ﻧُﻘﻞ ﲪﺾ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ‪-‬ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﺴﻲ اﻟﺰﺑﺪ )‪ (*+%‬ﻣﻦ اﳉﺪول اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ إﱃ اﳉﺪول اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪،١٩٧١‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﰲ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ واﳋﻤﺴﲔ ﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪ .٢٠١٣‬‬
‫‪YL‬‬
‫‪ΓϱΡ΍νϱ‬‬
‫‪·Ε΍υϭΡϝϡ‬‬
‫اﳌﻘﺼﻮد ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ اﳌﻨﺸﻮر اﳌﻌﻨﻮن "اﳌﻌﺠﻢ اﳌﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻠﻐﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ" )اﻟﺬي ﻳﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑـ "اﳌﻌﺠﻢ"( ﻫﻮ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺠﻤﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﳌﻴﺎدﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﳚﻤﻊ اﳉﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ‪ .‬وﻳﻘﺪم اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﳏﺪدة وﻳﻔﻲ ﺑﻌﺪد ﻣﻦ اﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‪ ،‬ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮداً‪ ،‬ﻣﺪرﺟﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت اﻹﻳﻀﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ وﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت ﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ‪ .‬وﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ اﳌﻘﺎم اﻷول ﺗﻘﺪﱘ إرﺷﺎدات ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ اﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺪى اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﻷﻏﺮاض ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ وﻷﻏﺮاض أﺧﺮى؛‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ دراﺳﺎت إﻓﺮادﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ واﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺎت ﳉﻤﻴﻊ اﳌﻮاد‬
‫اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ )اﳉﺰء اﻷول(‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ اﳌﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ )اﳉﺰء اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ(؛‬
‫ﻣﻜﻨـﺰا ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﻬﺮس ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻷﲰﺎء اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات وﻣﺮادﻓﺎ ﺎ اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ )اﳉﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﱐ(؛‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮدات ﻟﻐﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻀﻢ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أﻣﻼﺣﻬﺎ وﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎ ﺎ اﳌﺬﻛﻮرة ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﻟﻐﺎت اﻷﻣﻢ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة اﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ)( )اﳉﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ(‪.‬‬
‫وﺗﻘﺪم اﳌﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت اﻹﻳﻀﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎت ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ وﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﻴﺔ وﻟﻐﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺪم ﶈﺎت‬
‫ﺿﺢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ‪ .‬‬
‫ﳎﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﳌﻮاﺿﻴﻊ ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ واﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗُﺴﺘﻜ َﻤﻞ ﺑﺄﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺗﻮ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ‬
‫½‬
‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ "اﻟﻤﺨ ﱢﺪرات" و"اﻟﻤﻮاد" ‬
‫ﻳﺸﻤﻞ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ اﻟﻮارد ﰲ اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ()،١٩٦١‬ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺘﻬﺎ اﳌﻌ ﱠﺪﻟﺔ ﺑﱪوﺗﻮﻛﻮل ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ()،١٩٧٢‬واﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ().١٩٧١‬وﻣﻦ‬
‫ﰒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠن ﺗﻌﺒﲑي "اﳌﺨﺪر" و"اﳌﺆﺛﺮ اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻲ" ﳘﺎ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎن ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺎن‪.‬‬
‫وﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪد اﳌﻮاد اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺪاول اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﱵ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٦١‬وﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٧١‬ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﳊﺎﺿﺮ ‪ ١٢٠‬ﻣﻦ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات‬
‫وﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮا ﺎ و‪ ١٢٤‬ﻣﻦ اﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﱄ‪ .‬وﺗﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺘﺎن ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺘﻌﺒﲑ "اﳌﺨﺪر" ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎدة ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ أو ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﳌﻮاد اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ اﳉﺪوﻟﲔ اﻷول واﻟﺜﺎﱐ ]اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ :١٩٦١‬اﻟﺘﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‪ ،‬اﻟﻔﻘﺮة اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ )ي( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﺮة ‪ ١‬ﻣﻦ اﳌﺎدة ‪ .[١‬وﲡﺪر اﻹﺷﺎرة ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺼﺪد إﱃ أ ﱠن اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ "‪ "VWXSpILDQW‬ﻛﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ اﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰي "‪) "QDUFRWLFGUXJ‬اﳌﺨﺪﱢر(‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ "‪ ،"HVWXSHIDFLHQWH‬وﻳﺘﺒﻊ اﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺮوﺳﻲ "‪"ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ‬‬
‫)(‬
‫اﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﲔ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻲ واﻹﺳﺒﺎﱐ‪.‬‬
‫‬
‫ ﻟﻐﺎت اﻷﻣﻢ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة اﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬اﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ واﻟﺮوﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ اﻷﻣﻢ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‪ ،‬ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪات‪ ،‬ا ﻠﺪ ‪ ،٥٢٠‬اﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪.٧٥١٥‬‬
‫ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮل ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٧٢‬اﳌﻌ ﱢﺪل ﻟﻼﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٦١‬اﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ا ﻠﺪ ‪ ،٩٧٦‬اﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪.١٤١٥٢‬‬
‫ اﻷﻣﻢ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‪ ،‬ا ﻠﺪ ‪ ،١٠١٩‬اﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪.١٤٩٥٦‬‬
‫ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٦١‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮرات اﻷﻣﻢ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‪) ١٩٧٣ ،‬رﻗﻢ اﳌﺒﻴﻊ ‪.((;,‬‬
‫‪YLL‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺘﻌﺒﲑ "اﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ" ﻛﻞ اﳌﻮاد ﺳﻮاء أﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ أو ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﻞ اﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ اﳉﺪاول‬
‫اﻷول أو اﻟﺜﺎﱐ أو اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ أو اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ]اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ :١٩٧١‬ﻣﺪﻟﻮل اﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت‪ ،‬اﻟﻔﻘﺮة )ﻫـ( ﻣﻦ اﳌﺎدة ‪.[١‬‬
‫وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﺪا ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎ "اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات" أو )"اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ"( و"اﳌﻮاد"‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﻨﺎﳘﺎ اﻟﺼﻴﺪﱄ اﻟﻌﺎم وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺮدان وﺣﺪﳘﺎ‬
‫دون أن ﻳﺒﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ أ ﻤﺎ "ﳐﺪرات" و"ﻣﺆﺛﺮات ﻋﻘﻠﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺎن ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﺗﺒﺎدﻟﻴﺎ ﻛﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﲔ ﻋﺎﻣﲔ‪.‬‬
‫½‬
‫"اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ" ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻮاد اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ أﲰﺎؤﻫﺎ‬
‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎ‪ ،‬وﻳﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑـ "اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ"‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ُﺣ ﱢﺪدت ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﲰﺎء ﰲ ﻗﺮارات اﳉﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﺎدرة ﻋﻦ ﳉﻨﺔ‬
‫اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﺳﺘُﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﻦ ﰒ ﰲ اﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪات اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات )ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﳉﺰء اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﺰﻳﺪاً ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺪوﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ وﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮارات اﳉﺪوﻟﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫وﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﳊﺎﻻت‪ ،‬ﻓﺈ ﱠن "اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ" ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﱵ ﳛﺪدﻫﺎ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ اﳌﺴﺠﻠﺔ اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ ‪ ().,11‬وﰲ ﺣﺎل ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد أﲰﺎء دوﻟﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺠﻠﺔ اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ أﲰﺎء أﺧﺮى ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺠﻠﺔ اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ أو أﲰﺎء ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ أو دارﺟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫½‬
‫اﻷرﻗﺎم واﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻔﺮدات اﻟﻮاردة ﺑﺤﺮوف ﻣﺎﺋﻠﺔ ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أرﻗﺎم ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ؛ ورﻣﻮز ﻣﺜﻞ )‪ (+‬و)‪ (-‬و“؛ وﻣﻔﺮدات واردة ﲝﺮوف ﻣﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫اﻷﺣﺮف اﻟﺮوﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪+12DGOS‬؛ وأﺣﺮف ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ĮȕȖ‬؛ وﺑﻮادئ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ذات أﺻﻞ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﱐ وﻻﺗﻴﲏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪DOSKD‬‬
‫‪ EHWDFLVHQGRPHWDSDUDWUDQV‬وﺑﻮادئ أﺧﺮى‪ .‬وﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺼﻞ اﳌﻔﺮدات اﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﻻﺳﻢ ﺑﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﻗﺼﲑة‪.‬‬
‫‬
‫) ‪,QWHUQDWLRQDO 1RQSURSULHWDU\ 1DPHV ,11 IRU 3KDUPDFHXWLFDO‬‬
‫ اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ اﳌﺴﺠﻠﺔ اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪(6XEVWDQFHV‬؛ اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ ‪ ٩١-١‬ﻟﻸﲰﺎء اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ اﳌﺴﺠﻠﺔ اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﳌﻘﱰﺣﺔ واﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ ‪ ٥٢-١‬ﻟﻸﲰﺎء اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ اﳌﺴﺠﻠﺔ اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﳌﻮﺻﻰ ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﻴﺔ رﻗﻢ ‪ ،١١‬ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﻴﻒ ‪ .٢٠٠٤‬وﻗﺪ اﺳﺘﻬﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ اﳌﺴﺠﻠﺔ اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪١٩٥٠‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎت دوﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ اﳌﻮاد اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ أو اﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻻﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓﻮ ﻣﻌﱰف ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل أﲰﺎء ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ واﺣﺪة‬
‫وﻣﺘﻮاﻓﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‪ .‬وﺗﻘﻮم ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﲰﺎء اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ اﳌﺴﺠﻠﺔ اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ وﻧﺸﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم‪.‬‬
‫‪YLLL‬‬
‫½‬
‫ﻣﺴﺮد اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻫﺬا اﳌﺴﺮد ﺗﻌﺎرﻳﻒ ﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﳋﺎﺻﺔ اﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎء اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬وﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫اﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﲑ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻷﻧﻴﻮن‬
‫أﻳﻮن ذو ﺷﺤﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ‪ .‬‬
‫اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺬري ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ اﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﺬرات اﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻷﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪ ،‬وﲢﺴﺐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻨﺴﱯ‬
‫ﰲ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ؛ ﻛﺎﳍﻴﺪروﺟﲔ ﻣﺜﻼ )‪ .(١,٠٠٨‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺎت ‬
‫اﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﳌﺸﺘﻘﺔ أو اﳌﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت أﺧﺮى‪ .‬وﲢﺘﻮي ﻋﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬‬
‫دﻳﻮﺗﺮﻳﻮم ‬
‫أﺣﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﺋﺮ اﳍﻴﺪروﺟﲔ اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﲢﺘﻮي ﻧﻮاﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﺮون واﺣﺪ وﺑﺮوﺗﻮن واﺣﺪ‪ :‬‬
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‫إﻳﻨﺎﻧﺘﻴﻮﻣﻴﺮات‬
‫إﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات ﻓﺮاﻏﻴﺔ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺻﻮرا ﻣﺮآوﻳﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ .‬‬
‫إﺳﺘﺮ ‬
‫ي ﺟﺰيء ﻋﻀﻮي ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ اﲢﺎد ﲪﺾ ﺑﻜﺤﻮل‪ :‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻋﺎم ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ أ ﱢ‬
‫إﻳﺘﺮ‬
‫‬
‫ي ﺟﺰيء ﻋﻀﻮي ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ اﲢﺎد ﻛﺤﻮﻟﲔ‪ :‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻋﺎم ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ أ ﱢ‬
‫‬
‫‪R1―O―R2‬‬
‫‬
‫إﻳﺴﻮﻣﻴﺮات‬
‫ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ذات ﺻﻴﻎ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺼﻴﻎ ﺑﻨﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ؛ أي أ ﺎ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﺪد‬
‫وﻧﻮع اﻟﺬرات ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺬرات و‪/‬أو ﺗﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﲦﺔ إﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات ﺑﻨﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫و إﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات ﻓﺮاﻏﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫أﺷﻜﺎل ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ واﺣﺪ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺬري؛ ﻣﺜﻞ اﳍﻴﺪروﺟﲔ )‪(١,٠٠٨‬‬
‫واﻟﺪﻳﻮﺗﺮﻳﻮم )‪.(٢,٠١٤‬‬
‫راﺳﻴﻢ‬
‫)أو راﺳﻴﻤﺎت(‬
‫ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ‪ ١:١‬ﻣﻦ زوج ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳﻨﺎﻧﺘﻴﻮﻣﲑات‪ .‬وﳝﻴﺰ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻷي راﺳﻴﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻺﻳﻨﺎﻧﺘﻴﻮﻣﲑ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ "“"‪ ،‬أو "‪ "56‬أو ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎدﺋﺔ "‪ "UDF‬أو "‪."UDFHP‬‬
‫أﻣﻼح‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ‪-‬ﲪﻀﻴﺔ ﻳﺸﻴﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬واﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ‬
‫اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات اﶈﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﳊﺎﻻت‪ ،‬أﻣﻼح‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﲪﺎض اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺎ أن ﺗﻜ ﱢﻮن أﻣﻼﺣﺎً‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﲢﺎدﻫﺎ ﺑﻘﺎﻋﺪة‪.‬‬
‫إﻳﺴﻮﻣﻴﺮات ﻓﺮاﻏﻴﺔ‬
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ إﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات ذات ﺻﻴﻎ ﺟﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ وﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت ﻓﺮاﻏﻴﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺬرا ﺎ ﰲ اﳉﺰيء‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺆدي إﱃ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ذات ﺧﻮاص ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻓﺎرﻣﺎﻛﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫[‪L‬‬
‫½‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮات ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ اﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ اﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات‬
‫واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ اﳉﺰء اﻷول‪:‬‬
‫)‪(١٩٦١‬‬
‫اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٦١‬ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺘﻬﺎ اﳌﻌﺪﻟﺔ ﺑﱪوﺗﻮﻛﻮل ﺳﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬‬
‫)‪(١٩٧١‬‬
‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧١‬‬
‫Š‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﲡﺎرﻳﺔ ﻻﺳﻢ ﻣﺴﺠﻞ اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﳏﻤﻲ‪ ،‬إذا ﻣﺎ ﺻﻮدف وأﻗﺮ ﰲ اﳌﺆﻟﻔﺎت ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫)ﻷﻏﺮاض اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺮد ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﰲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺠﺎري(‬
‫*‬
‫ﳛﺘﻮي اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻻ ﲣﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫**‬
‫ﳛﺘﻮي اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة واﺣﺪة ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Å‬‬
‫اﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫[‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷول‬
،‫ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ اﳉﺰء اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﻣﻦ دراﺳﺎت إﻓﺮادﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ وﺗﺒ ﱢﲔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﺎﻻ‬.‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﱰﺗﻴﺐ اﻷﲜﺪي اﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰي ﺣﺴﺐ اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد‬
.‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ اﳉﺪاول‬
‫ﻣﻴﺪازﻳﺒﺎم‬0HGD]HSDP±0pGD]pSDP±0HGD]HSDP (١) ‫اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎدة اﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬6\QWKHWLFVXEVWDQFH±6XEVWDQFHV\QWKpWLTXH±6XVWDQFLDVLQWpWLFD(٢) ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫( اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬٩)
&+
1
&O
1
PROZW
٢٧٠,٨
EDQK
‫ ﰲ اﳌﺎﺋﺔ‬١٠٠ &+&,1
(٣) ‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ‬
(٤) ‫اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺌﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔﻟﻠﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬
(٥) ‫اﻟﻼﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
(
٦
)
‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‬
6FK,9
(١٩٧١) ‫اﳉﺪول اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬
(٧) ‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‬
&$6
FKORURGLK\GURPHWK\OSKHQ\O+EHQ]RGLD]HSLQH
&KORURGLK\GURPpWK\OSKpQ\O+EHQ]RGLD]pSLQH
FORURGLKLGURPHWLOIHQLO+EHQ]RGLD]HSLQD
+EHQ]RGLD]HSLQHFKORURGLK\GURPHWK\OSKHQ\O
DPLQRFKORUR1GLHWK\ODPLQRHWK\OPHWKR[\EHQ]DPLGH
DPLQRFKORUR1GLHWK\ODPLQRHWK\ORDQLVDPLGH
FKORUPHWK\OSKHQ\OGLK\GUR+EHQ]RGLD]HSLQ
FKORUGLK\GURPHWK\OSKHQ\O+EHQ]RGLD]HSLQ
FORURGLKLGURPHWLOIHQLO+EHQ]RGLDFHSLQD
&KORURPpWK\OSKpQ\OGLK\GUR+EHQ]RGLD]pSLQH
0HGDFHSiQ
0HGD]HSDPDXP
$+5&
0.
6
(٨) ‫اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻲ‬
(١٠)‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
(١١) ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ‬
Š$QVLODQ
Š$QVLXV
Š$Q[LWRO
Š$]HSDPLG
Š%HFDPHGLF
Š%HQVRQ
Š%HWULSOH5HOD[
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Š'HEUXP
Š'LHSLQ
Š(OEUXV
Š(QREULQ
Š(VPDLO
Š*ORULXP
Š+LELQLO
.OLGUD[
Š.RED]HSDP
Š/DVD]HSDP
Š/HULVXP
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Š0HGDOHPD
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Š0HGD]HSDP
$:'
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Š7UDQTXLUD[
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‫ﻫﻴﺪروﻛﻠﻮرﻳﺪ اﳌﻴﺪازﻳﺒﺎم‬
&+&O1ā+&O
PROZW EDQK ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ‬
(١٢) ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬
(١٣) ‫اﻷﻣﻼح واﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺎت‬
٣٠٧,٢ ‫اﻟﻮزن اﳉﺰﻳﺌﻲ‬
‫ ﰲ اﳌﺎﺋﺔ‬٨٨,٢ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﳌﺌﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻼﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
&$6
+EHQ]RGLD]HSLQHFKORURGLK\GURPHWK\OSKHQ\OPRQRK\GURFKORULGH
FKORURGLK\GURPHWK\OSKHQ\O+EHQ]RGLD]HSLQHPRQRK\GURFKORULGH
5R
[L
(٧) ‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‬
‫½‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﳛﺘﻮي اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻷول )‪ (١‬إﱃ )‪ (٩‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ دراﺳﺔ إﻓﺮادﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت واﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ إﺷﺎرة وﺟﻴﺰة إﱃ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺮاﻫﻨﺔ )ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪.(٢٠١٥‬‬
‫•‬
‫اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ )‪(١‬‬
‫ﻳﺮد اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺎت اﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ واﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ )‪ Å‬اﻧﻈﺮ اﳉﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ‬
‫اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺎت اﻟﺮوﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫•‬
‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﳌﺎدة )‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﻴـﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﳌﺎدة‪ ،‬أي ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ أم اﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺎت اﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ واﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻳﺪرج ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻻﻗﺘﻀﺎء‪.‬‬
‫•‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﳉﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ )‪ (٣‬‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﳉﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﲔ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺬرات اﳌﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ اﳉﺰيء وﻋﺪدﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫•‬
‫اﻟﻮزن اﳉﺰﻳﺌﻲ )‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻳﻮرد اﻟﻮزن اﳉﺰﻳﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة‪ ،‬اﻟﺬي ﻳﺒﲔ ﳎﻤﻮع اﻷوزان اﻟﺬرﻳﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺬرات اﳌﻮﺟﻮدة ﰲ اﳉﺰيء‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮﻳﺔ واﺣﺪة‪.‬‬
‫•‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﳌﺌﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻼﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ )‪(٥‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﳌﺌﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻼﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﳉﺰء اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪي اﻟﻼﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺎدة‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﱪا ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫•‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﱄ )‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻳﺸﺎر ﻫﻨﺎ إﱃ اﳉﺪول اﻷول أو اﻟﺜﺎﱐ أو اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ أو اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ذي اﻟﺼﻠﺔ وإﱃ اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬أي اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٦١‬أو اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٧١‬اﻟﱵ ﺗﺮاﻗﺐ اﳌﺎدة اﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺮاﻫﻦ )ﻋﺎم ‪ (٢٠١٥‬ﲟﻘﺘﻀﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم اﳉﺪوﻟﺔ ﻷﻏﺮاض اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺨ ﱢﺪرات‪ ،‬اﳌﻌﺮوض أﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺎت اﻟﺮوﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ اﳉﺰء اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ )‪" Å‬ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﱄ‪ :‬اﻟﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﺘﺎرﳜﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺪوﻟﺔ واﳊﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﻫﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ"(‪.‬‬
‫•‬
‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ )‪(٧‬‬
‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﰲ داﺋﺮة اﳌﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺜﲑا ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﳏﺪد ﻫﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫رﻗﻤﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺣﱴ ‪ ١٠‬أرﻗﺎم‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺑﺸﺮﻃﺎت ﻗﺼﲑة إﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺟﺰاء‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ﳏﺪد ﻫﻮﻳﺔ رﻗﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﳛﺪد ﻣﺎدة واﺣﺪة ﻓﻘﻂ وﻳﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮدﻩ )أي ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻺﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻴﺔ‬
‫اﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺰيء أرﻗﺎم ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫•‬
‫اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻲ )‪(٨‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﺪم اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻲ وﺻﻔﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺘﻬﺎ اﳉﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﻫﻮ ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ أرﻗﺎم ورﻣﻮز‬
‫وﻣﻔﺮدات ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬إﱁ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ اﺳﺘﺨﻼص ﺑﻨﻴﺔ اﳌﺎدة ﻣﻦ اﲰﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﻳﻮرد ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺎت اﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪[LL‬‬
‫•‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﻮﻳﺔ )‪(٩‬‬
‫ﺿ ﻊ اﻟﺬرات داﺧﻞ اﳉﺰيء وﻟﻠﺮواﺑﻂ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺬرات‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﲤﺜﻴﻼ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﺘﻮ ﱡ‬
‫½‬
‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
‫ﳛﺘﻮي اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ (١٠) ،‬إﱃ )‪ ، (١٢‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ دراﺳﺔ إﻓﺮادﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﲰﺎء ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى‪ ،‬وﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎت رﻣﺰﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫وأﲰﺎء ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ وﲡﺎرﻳﺔ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى )‪(١٠‬‬
‫ﲦﺔ أﲰﺎء ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى وﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎت ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔ وﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎت ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﻤﺨ ﱢﺪرات أدرﺟﺖ ﺑﻠﻐﺎت‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ أﲜﺪﻳﺎ‪ ،‬وإن ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ .‬وﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﻌﻤﻮم‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﺮد ﰲ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺪارﺟﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻌﺎﻣﻴﺔ ا ﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ أوﺳﺎط اﻻﲡﺎر ﻏﲑ اﳌﺸﺮوع‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﰲ اﻟﺸﻮارع‬
‫)ﻣﺜﻞ "إﻛﺴﺘﺎﺳﻲ"(‪.‬‬
‫‬
‫• اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ )‪(١١‬‬
‫ﺗﺪرج اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﺮاءات اﻻﺧﱰاع( اﻟﱵ ﺗﺼﺎدف ﰲ اﳌﺆﻟﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺔ ﲝﺴﺐ اﳌﻮﺿﻮع‪.‬‬
‫‪Ɣ‬‬
‫اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ )‪(١٢‬‬
‫ﺗﺪرج اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﳌﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﻳﺴﱰﻋﻰ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ إﱃ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪ Å‬اﻧﻈﺮ أﻳﻀﺎ "اﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮات"(‪:‬‬
‫ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ )Š ( ﺗﻮﺿﻊ أﻣﺎم اﻷﲰﺎء اﳌﺴﺠﻠﺔ اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﶈﻤﻴﺔ )ﻛﺒﺎدﺋﺔ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﺳﺒﺎب ﲢﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔ‬‫وﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮد ﰲ اﳌﺆﻟﻔﺎت ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أ ﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﺻﻴﺪﱄ ﻣﺴﺠﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ وﻗﺖ ﲨﻊ‬
‫اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﳌﺮاد إدراﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫وﲡﺪر اﻹﺷﺎرة ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺼﺪد إﱃ أن ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﲑ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ ﰒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ )Š( ﻛﺒﺎدﺋﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ اﻟﺼﻴﺪﱄ اﻟﻮارد ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻌﲏ أﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ اﲰﺎ ﻣﺴﺠﻞ‬
‫اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ وﳏﻤﻴﺎ ﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﺻﻴﺪﱄ ﻣﺴﺠﻞ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﳒﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻔﺮدة )* ( ﻋﻨﺪ ﺎﻳﺔ اﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ اﻟﺼﻴﺪﱄ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺎ أﻧﻪ ﳛﺘﻮي‪ ،‬إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬‫إﱃ اﳌﺎدة اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻏﲑ ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬أﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫اﳌﺰدوﺟﺔ )**( اﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺎﻳﺔ اﺳﻢ اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﻓﺘﺸﲑ إﱃ أﻧﻪ ﳛﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة واﺣﺪة‬
‫ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﳊﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺪرج اﻻﺳﻢ ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ اﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﳌﻮاد‪ .‬ﻏﲑ أن اﳌﺼﺎدر ﻻ ﺗﻘﺪم داﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪[LLL‬‬
‫½‬
‫اﻷﻣﻼح واﻟﻤﺸﺘﻘﺎت‬
‫ﻳﻘﺪم اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ )‪ (١٣‬ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ دراﺳﺔ إﻓﺮادﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ أﻣﻼح اﳌﻮاد اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ وﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎ ﺎ‬
‫اﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﳍﺎ أﳘﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ أﻏﺮاض ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات‪ .‬وﻳﻘﺪم اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻣﻼح اﻟﱵ ورد‬
‫وﺻﻔﻬﺎ أو ﻳﺸﻴﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﺪم ﺑﺎﳌﺜﻞ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎت وإﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات اﳌﻮاد اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ )أي اﻹﺳﱰات واﻹﻳﱰات(‪.‬‬
‫وﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ اﳊﺎل ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ اﳌﻮاد اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ )‪ Å‬اﻧﻈﺮ أﻋﻼﻩ(‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺪم اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
‫أﻣﻼﺣﻬﺎ أو ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎ ﺎ‪:‬‬
‫•‬
‫اﺳﻢ اﳌﻠﺢ أو اﳌﺸﺘﻖ‬
‫•‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﳉﺰﻳﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫•‬
‫اﻟﻮزن اﳉﺰﻳﺌﻲ‬
‫•‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﳌﺌﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﻼﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫•‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫•‬
‫اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى اﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻷﻣﻼح اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ أو ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎ ﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﻌﻤﻮم‪ ،‬ﳛﺘﻮي اﺳﻢ ﻣﻠﺢ اﳌﺎدة اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ أو اﺳﻢ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻘﱰﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ أﻧﻴﻮن اﳊﻤﺾ اﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ‪ .‬وﻳﻘ ﱠﺪم اﺳﻢ اﳌﻠﺢ أو اﳌﺸﺘﻖ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﺜﻼث ﻟﻐﺎت‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ اﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫واﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ واﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ )‪ Å‬اﻧﻈﺮ اﳉﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ أﲰﺎﺋﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮوﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ Å‬اﻧﻈﺮ )‪ (٣‬أﻋﻼﻩ‬
‫‪ Å‬اﻧﻈﺮ )‪ (٤‬أﻋﻼﻩ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﳌﺌﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﻼﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻘﺪار اﳉﺰء اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪي اﻟﻼﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﺢ ﺗﻠﻚ اﳌﺎدة أو‬
‫ﻣﺸﺘﻘﻬﺎ ذي اﻟﺼﻠﺔ )أي اﻹﺳﱰ أو اﻹﻳﱰ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﱪا ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻻ ﺗﻮرد اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﻴﻮﻳﺔ إﻻ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ إﺳﱰات اﻹﻛﻐﻮﻧﲔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺪرج اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ واﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ واﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫اﳌﻮﺻﻮﻓﺔ أو اﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻣﻼح أو اﳌﺸﺘﻘﺎت اﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺪرج ﺑﻪ اﳌﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ )اﻧﻈﺮ أﻋﻼﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﱵ ﺗﺴ ﱠﻮق ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻻﺳﻢ ﺻﻴﻎ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪان ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺄن ﻳﺸﺎر ﰲ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ إﱃ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺤﻮ اﻟﻮارد ﰲ وﲰﺔ اﳌﻨﺘﺞ‪ .‬وﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري أﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ أن ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺳﻢ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺪل ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﳊﺎﻻت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪان ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﲰﺎء‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﱃ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺘﻌﺎرﻳﻒ اﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺎ‪ .‬وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﱵ ﺗﺴ ﱠﻮق ﺎ اﳌﻮاد‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺸﲑ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺳﻢ إﱃ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺎدة اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ وﻣﻠﺢ ﳍﺎ )‪ Å‬اﻧﻈﺮ أدﻧﺎﻩ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﻼح ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪان ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﺗﻮرد اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﱴ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﲢﺖ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺎر )ﻗﺎﻋﺪة أو ﻣﻠﺢ(‪ .‬‬
‫‪[LY‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‬
‫اﳉﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻬﺮس ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻲ أﲜﺪي اﻟﱰﺗﻴﺐ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ‬
‫إﺷﺎرة ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ إﱃ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ أو إﱃ اﳌﻠﺢ أو اﳌﺸﺘﻖ ذي اﻟﺼﻠﺔ اﳌﺬﻛﻮر ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع داﺋﻤﺎ إﱃ اﻟﻔﻬﺮس اﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺪم ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﰲ اﳊﺎﻻت اﻟﱵ ﻳﺮد ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻹﺳﻢ ﰲ اﳌﺆﻟﻔﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ أو ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎل ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪﱢر )ﻗﺎﻋﺪة أو ﻣﻠﺢ( أو ﻋﻠﻰ أﻣﻼح ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﳌﺎدة‪ ،‬أو ﰲ‬
‫اﳊﺎﻻت اﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻮي ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة واﺣﺪة ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ اﻟﺼﻴﺪﱄ "‪) "Š'LD]HEUXP‬دﻳﺎزﻳﱪوم( ﻣﺪرج ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ ‬
‫ﲢﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ دﻳﺒﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﻠﻮردﻳﺎزﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻴﺪ وﻫﻴﺪروﻛﻠﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻮردﻳﺎزﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﺎر‬
‫إﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻔﻬﺮس ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ اﳌﻠﺤﲔ؛ أﻣﺎ اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ اﻟﺼﻴﺪﱄ ﻟﻮﺑﺮازوﻻم‬
‫)"‪ ("Š/RSUD]RODP‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺮد ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ إﻻ ﲢﺖ اﳌﻠﺢ "ﻣﻴﺴﻴﻼت‬
‫اﻟﻠﻮﺑﺮازوﻻم"‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﰒ ﻳﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻔﻬﺮس ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪" :‬ﻟﻮﺑﺮازوﻻم ‪ Å‬ﻣﻴﺴﻴﻼت‬
‫اﻟﻠﻮﺑﺮازوﻻم"‪ .‬‬
‫وﻷﺳﺒﺎب ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺬف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻬﺮس اﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ رﻣﺰ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ Š اﳌﻠﺤﻖ ﺑﺎﻷﲰﺎء اﳌﺴﺠﻠﺔ اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﶈﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ‪ .‬واﺣﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ )* أو **( اﳌﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﺄﲰﺎء اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات‬
‫اﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ واﺣﺪة أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻮاد اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﱄ‪ Å) .‬اﻧﻈﺮ أﻳﻀﺎ "اﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮات"(‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ اﳉﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺲ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻟﻸﲰﺎء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ اﳉﺪاول‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ أﻣﻼﺣﻬﺎ وﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎ ﺎ اﳌﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ‪ .‬وﺗﺮد اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت اﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻣﻢ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة‪ ،‬وﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﱰﺟﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﻜﻠ ﻴﺰﻳﺔ وإﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬إذ ﻳﺘﻌﺬر‪ ،‬ﻷﺳﺒﺎب ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ وﲢﺮﻳﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬إﻳﺮاد ﻫﺬﻩ اﻷﲰﺎء ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼث ﻟﻐﺎت‪.‬‬
‫وﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﱢﻮﺑﺖ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻟﱰﺗﻴﺐ اﻷﲜﺪي اﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰي‪،‬‬
‫ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ أن أﲰﺎء اﳌﻮاد ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣ ﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﻟﺪى اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬وإﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﱃ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ ﻣﻔﻴﺪة‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎر ﻋﻦ أﲰﺎء أو ﻣﺮادﻓﺎت اﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت اﻟﺮوﺳﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ أو اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ إﳌﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻹﺳﺒﺎﻧﻴﺔ أو‬
‫اﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ أو اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﰲ اﳉﻤﺎرك ﻟﻐﺘﻪ اﻷم ﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ وﻟﺪﻳﻪ إﳌﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ‬
‫اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﻣﻮﺳﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬أوﻻ‪ ،‬ﳚﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﻮاردة‬
‫ﰲ اﳉﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ،‬اﺳﻢ اﳌﺎدة ﺑﺎﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﰒ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ؛ وﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻌﺮف ﰲ اﻟﻔﻬﺮس‬
‫اﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ وﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﺎدة )أو اﳌﻮاد( اﻟﱵ ﳛﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ؛ ﰒ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ إﱃ‬
‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻹﻓﺮادﻳﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت )ﻣﺜﻼ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﳌﺎدة‪،‬‬
‫واﲰﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ وﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﱄ اﳌﻔﺮوض ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﺎدة )أو‬
‫اﳌﻮاد( اﻟﱵ ﳛﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ اﳌﻌﲏ(‪ .‬‬
‫‪[Y‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ اﳉﺰء اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪول ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‪ ،‬وﻳﻘﺪم ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺪوﻟﺔ ﲨﻴﻊ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ أدرج ﻫﺬا اﳉﺰء ﰲ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ أﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ اﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﲟﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺜﻮر ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎدة‪ .‬وﻳﺮد اﳉﺪول ﲜﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺎت اﻷﻣﻢ اﳌﺘﺤﺪة اﻟﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺪوﻟﺔ واﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﻫﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‬
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‫ﺗﺸﲑ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ اﳉﺰء اﻷﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ إﱃ اﻟﻘﺮارات اﻟﺼﺎدرة ﻋﻦ ﳉﻨﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات ﺑﺸﺄن اﻹدراج ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪاول )ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة ‪ ،(٢٠١٥-١٩٦١‬وﻓﻘﺎ ﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﺨ ﱢﺪرات ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٦١‬واﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﳌﺆﺛﺮات‬
‫اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٧١‬ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻫﺬا اﳉﺰء ﻣﺮﺟﻌﺎ ﺳﻬﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺑﺸﺄن ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﺒﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺪول‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺮاﻫﻦ ‪ ،‬أي ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ اﳉﺪول اﳌﻨﻄﺒﻖ )اﻷول أم اﻟﺜﺎﱐ أم اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ أم اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ(‬
‫واﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﳌﻨﻄﺒﻘﺔ )ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٦١‬أم ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ (١٩٧١‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻄﻮر اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﺗﺎرﳜﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
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‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻷول ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﱰﺗﻴﺐ اﻷﲜﺪي ﺣﺴﺐ أﲰﺎﺋﻬﺎ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ Å‬اﻧﻈﺮ "اﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت"(‪ .‬وﺗﻘﺘﺒﺲ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ اﻷﲰﺎء اﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺮارات اﳉﺪوﻟﺔ اﻷوﱃ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
‫اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﻻ ﺗﺮاﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ )´‪ ، ³WK´ ĺ ³W´ ³SK´ ĺ ³I‬اﻧﻈﺮ اﳌﺜﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻮارد أدﻧﺎﻩ(‪ .‬وﺗﺪرج ﲢﺖ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ "اﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات" اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﰲ إﻃﺎر اﳉﺪول‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ،‬واﳌﻌﱠﺮﻓﺔ ﰲ اﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺎ ﰲ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .١٩٦١‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﺎر إﱃ اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﻼت ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪول إﱃ‬
‫آﺧﺮ وإﱃ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت اﻷﺧﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ أ ﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﺘﺎرﳜﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺪوﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫ا ﳌﻮاد اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ اﳉﺪول اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٧١‬ﲢﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ ‪³RWKHU QRQ‬‬
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‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٧١‬‬
‫‪[YL‬‬
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‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﺒﲔ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﱵ اﲣﺬ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﺮار اﻷول ﲜﺪوﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎدة‪ .‬وﻣﻦ ﰒ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﲑ "اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ" إﱃ أوﱃ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬اﻟﱵ وﺿﻌﺖ ﰲ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﱵ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ١٩٦١‬وﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٧١‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﱄ‪.‬‬
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‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻳﺒﲔ اﳊﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﻫﻨﺔ )ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ (٢٠١٥‬ﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﳉﺪول‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﺗﺮد ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ واﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﱵ ﲢﻜﻤﻬﺎ )اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٦١‬أو اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .(١٩٧١‬‬
‫ﻧﻄﺎق وﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاد وأﻣﻼﺣﻬﺎ وإﻳﺴﻮﻣﻴﺮاﺗﻬﺎ وإﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻬﺎ وإﻳﺘﺮاﺗﻬﺎ ‬
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‫ﺗﻨﻈﻢ اﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪات اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ أﺣﻜﺎم ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﱄ‪ .‬وﻗﺪ دﺧﻠﺖ اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺪرات‬
‫ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٦١‬ﺣﻴﺰ اﻟﻨﻔﺎذ ﰲ ﻋﺎم ‪ ١٩٦٤‬وﻋﺪﻟﺖ ﺑﱪوﺗﻮﻛﻮل ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .١٩٧٢‬وﺗﻠﺘﻬﺎ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ، ١٩٧١‬اﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ دوﱄ ﻣﺒﺴﻂ ﳑﺎﺛﻞ‪ .‬أﻣﺎ آﺧﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪة دوﻟﻴﺔ ﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ ﻓﻬﻲ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻢ‬
‫اﳌﺘﺤﺪة ﳌﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻻﲡﺎر ﻏﲑ اﳌﺸﺮوع ﰲ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺎم ‪ ،١٩٨٨‬اﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﺋﻒ واﳌﻮاد‬
‫اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻳﺮد أدﻧﺎﻩ ﻋﺮض ﻣﻮﺟﺰ ﻟﻨﻄﺎق وﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات واﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ أﻗﺮﺗﻪ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺘﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦١‬‬
‫وﺳﻨﺔ ‪ . ١٩٧١‬وﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮرد ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ إﻳﻀﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﺄن ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻧﻄﺎق اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻟﻴﺸﻤﻞ أﻣﻼح اﳌﻮاد اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ وإﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑا ﺎ وإﺳﱰا ﺎ وإﻳﱰا ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷ ﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺼﻨﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺘﲔ ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
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‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨ ﱢﺪرات ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦١‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﻔﺖ اﻟﻤﺨ ﱢﺪرات وﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮاﺗﻬﺎ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ وأدرﺟﺖ ﰲ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﺟﺪاول)( ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﳌﺪى‬
‫ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ اﶈﺘﻮاة ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﺒﻴﺐ اﻻر ﺎن وﻣﺪى ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻃﻲ وﻓﺎﺋﺪ ﺎ اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ‪ .‬وأدرﺟﺖ اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ‬
‫اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﲟﻘﺘﻀﻰ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٦١‬ﰲ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪوﻟﲔ )ﳘﺎ اﻷول واﻟﺜﺎﱐ(‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪ ﺎ اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ وﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻃﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﺣﻜﺎم اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﳌﻨﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ اﳉﺪول اﻷول ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻨﻤﻄﻴﺔ ﰲ إﻃﺎر اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦١‬؛ أﻣﺎ اﳉﺪول اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﻴﻀﻢ اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ اﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ أﻗﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻃﻲ‬
‫واﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ أوﺳﻊ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ ﰲ اﻟﻄﺐ‪ .‬وﲦﺔ ﺟﺪوﻻن إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺎن )ﳘﺎ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﺮاﺑﻊ( ﻳﺸﻤﻼن‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﱄ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات ﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ واردة ﰲ اﳉﺪ وﻟﲔ اﻷول واﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ أﻏﺮاض ﻃﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋﻘﺎﻗﲑ‬
‫ﳐﺘﺎرة ﻣﻦ اﳉﺪول اﻷول ﻳﺮى أن ﳍﺎ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺧﻄﺮة ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ وﻓﺎﺋﺪة ﻋﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﳏﺪودة ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وإﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﳌﻮاد اﳌﺼﻨﻔﺔ اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ اﳉﺪاول اﻷول واﻟﺜﺎﱐ واﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪،١٩٦١‬‬
‫ﲡﺪر اﻹﺷﺎرة إﱃ اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﰲ اﳉﺪول اﻷول‪:‬‬
‫)أ(‬
‫إﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳉﺪول‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن وﺟﻮد ﺗﻠﻚ اﻹﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات ﳑﻜﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﶈﺪدة‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻹﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ؛‬
‫)ب( إﺳﱰات وإﻳﱰات اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳉﺪول‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن وﺟﻮد ﺗﻠﻚ اﻹﺳﱰات‬
‫واﻹﻳﱰات ﳑﻜﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ واردة ﰲ ﺟﺪول آﺧﺮ؛‬
‫‬
‫ ﲡﺪر اﻹﺷﺎرة‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺴﻴﺎق‪ ،‬إﱃ أن ﺟﺪاول اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات وﻓﻘﺎ ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٦١‬ﻻ ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة ﻧﻈﻢ اﳉﺪوﻟﺔ‬
‫اﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎت اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪[YLL‬‬
‫)ج( أﻣﻼح اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪ رات اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳉﺪول‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أﻣﻼح اﻹﺳﱰات واﻹﻳﱰات‬
‫واﻹﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات اﳌﺬﻛﻮرة أﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن وﺟﻮد ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﻣﻼح ﳑﻜﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﰲ اﳉﺪول اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬‬
‫)أ(‬
‫إﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳉﺪول‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن وﺟﻮد ﺗﻠﻚ اﻹﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات‬
‫ﳑﻜﻨﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﶈﺪدة‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ؛‬
‫)ب( أﻣﻼح اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳉﺪول‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أﻣﻼح ﺗﻠﻚ اﻹﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات اﳌﺬﻛﻮرة‬
‫أﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن وﺟﻮد ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﻣﻼح ﳑﻜﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﰲ اﳉﺪول اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪:‬‬
‫)أ(‬
‫أﻣﻼح اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳉﺪول‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن ﺗﻜ ﱡﻮن ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﻣﻼح ﳑﻜﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻧﻄﺎق اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ أﻳﻀﺎ ﲨﻴﻊ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻨﻈﲑﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺨ ﱢﺪرات اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ اﳌﺪوﺗﺮة اﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﳕﻄﻴﺎ ﻛﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻷﻏﺮاض اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫•‬
‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧١‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﳌﻨﺼﻮص ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴﺎ إﱃ ﻧﻈﺎم اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﳋﺎص‬
‫)(‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات‪ .‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺪاﺑﲑ اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﺻﻨﻔﺖ ﰲ إﻃﺎر اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٧١‬ﰲ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﺟﺪاول ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة اﻟﻌﻼﺟﻴﺔ وﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻃﻲ اﳌﻮاد اﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺎﻃﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫اﳉﺪاول اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎ ﻣﺘﺪرﺟﺎ ﳍﺬﻳﻦ اﳌﺘﻐﲑﻳﻦ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻹدراج ﰲ اﳉﺪول اﻷول ﻳﻌﲏ ﺿﻤﻨﺎ وﺟﻮد ﳐﺎﻃﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋ ﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة وﻓﺎﺋﺪة ﻋﻼﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺘﺪاﺑﲑ اﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺻﺮاﻣﺔ؛ أ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻹدراج ﰲ اﳉﺪول‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻓﻴﻌﲏ ﻧﻘﻴﺾ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬أي وﺟﻮد ﳐﺎﻃﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ أدﱏ وﻓﺎﺋﺪة ﻋﻼﺟﻴﺔ أﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫وإﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﳌﻮاد اﳌﺼﻨﻔﺔ اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ اﳉﺪاول اﻷول إﱃ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪،١٩٧١‬‬
‫ﲡﺪر اﻹﺷﺎرة إﱃ اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﰲ اﳉﺪاول اﻷول واﻟﺜﺎﱐ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪:‬‬
‫)أ(‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫أﻣﻼح اﳌﻮاد اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﳉﺪاول ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن وﺟﻮد ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﻣﻼح ﳑﻜﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ اﳉﺪول اﻷول‪:‬‬
‫)أ(‬
‫اﻹﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﳉﺪول‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻛﺎن وﺟﻮد ﺗﻠﻚ اﻹﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﶈﺪدة ﳑﻜﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻹﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫وﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ )ﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ أﻳﻀﺎ اﳌﺒﺎدئ اﻹرﺷﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ اﻟﻮاردة أدﻧﺎﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫ﲤﺜﻞ ﺗﺪاﺑﲑ اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﳌﻨﺼﻮص ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٧١‬اﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪[YLLL‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﰲ اﳉﺪاول اﻟﺜﺎﱐ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻧﻄﺎق اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﳋﺎص ﺑﺎﻹﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ اﳉﺪاول اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫إﱃ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٧١‬وﺿﻌﺖ ﻣﺒﺎدئ إرﺷﺎدﻳﺔ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ‪ ()،‬وﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﻄﺒﺎق اﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)أ(‬
‫إذا ﱂ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻻﻳﻨﺎﻧﺘﻴﻮﻣﲑ ﻣﻌﲔ أو إذا أدرج اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺮاﺳﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﳜﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳﻨﺎﻧﺘﻴﻮﻣﲑ ‪ 5‬واﻹﻳﻨﺎﻧﺘﻴﻮﻣﲑ ‪ 6‬واﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺮاﺳﻴﻤﻲ ‪ ،56‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﲢﺪﻳﺪا ﺑﻘﺮار ﻣﻦ ﳉﻨﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات؛‬
‫)ب( إذا ذﻛﺮ إﻳﻨﺎﻧﺘﻴﻮﻣﲑ ﻣﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﳜﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ أﻳﻀﺎ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺮاﺳﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻘﺮار ﻣﻦ ﳉﻨﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﳜﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻹﻳﻨﺎﻧﺘﻴﻮﻣﲑ اﻵﺧﺮ‪.‬‬
‫وإذا ﻣﺎ أﺧﻀﻊ أﺣﺪ اﻹﻳﻨﺎﻧﺘﻴﻮﻣﲑﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﳜﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ أﻳﻀﺎ أي ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫اﻹﻳﻨﺎﻧﺘﻴﻮﻣﲑ ﻣﻊ اﳌﺎدة اﻹﻳﻨﺎﻧﺘﻴﻮﻣﲑﻳﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‪ .‬وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﻮاد ذات اﳉﺰيء اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﳛﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛ ﺰ ﻻاﻧﻄﺒﺎﻗﻲ واﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﲣﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﲨﻴﻊ اﻹﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات اﻟﺪﻳﺎﺳﺘﲑﻳﺔ‬
‫وأزواﺟﻬﺎ اﻟﺮاﺳﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ ﲢﺪﻳﺪا ﺑﻘﺮار ﻣﻦ ﳉﻨﺔ اﳌﺨ ﱢﺪرات‪ .‬وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺮد اﻹﺷﺎرة‬
‫اﱃ إﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑ دﻳﺎﺳﺘﲑي ﻣﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﳜﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﺳﻮى ذﻟﻚ اﻹﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑ اﻟﺪﻳﺎﺳﺘﲑي‪.‬‬
‫)ج( اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ واﻷ ﲰﺎء ﻏﲑ اﳌﺴﺠﻠﺔ اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ )ﻏﲑ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ( اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻗﺮارات اﳉﺪوﻟﺔ ﻟﻐﺮض ﲢﺪﻳﺪ اﳌﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬وﳚﻮز أن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﰲ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎت ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﳌﻌﺪﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ داﻣﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺎت ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ اﳋﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻻﻗﺘﻀﺎء‪ .‬وإذا اﺳﺘُﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ أي ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻻﺣﻖ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﺳﻢ ﻏﲑ ﲡﺎري دوﱄ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ اﻟﻮاردة ﰲ ﻗﺮار‬
‫اﳉﺪوﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺣﺬف ذﻟﻚ اﻻﺳﻢ ﻏﲑ اﻟﺘﺠﺎري اﻟﺪوﱄ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﺴﻊ ﻧﻄﺎق اﳌﺮاﻗﺒﺔ أﻳﻀﺎ ﻟﻴﺸﻤﻞ ﲨﻴﻊ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻨﻈﲑﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺛﺮات اﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ اﳋﺎﺿﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ اﳌﺪوﺗﺮة اﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﳕﻄﻴﺎً ﻛﻤﻮاد ﻣﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻷﻏﺮاض اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‬
‫ " ﻣﺒﺎدئ إرﺷﺎدﻳﺔ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ ﺑﺸﺄن اﻹﻳﺴﻮﻣﲑات اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﳌﺪرﺟﺔ ﰲ اﳉﺪاول اﻟﺜﺎﱐ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪،"١٩٧١‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﳉﻨﺔ اﳋﱪاء اﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻻر ﺎن ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺎﻗﲑ‪ :‬اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ واﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮن‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‪:+2 ([SHUW &RPPLWWHH RQ 'UXJ :‬‬
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‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻨ ﱠﻮع اﻷﲰﺎء اﻟﱵ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺎ اﳌﻮاد ا ﺪوﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮ أﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨ ﱡﻮﻋﺎ واﺳﻌﺎ ﺟﺪا‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ أ ﱠن اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺤﺪث ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮات ﺟﺪﻳ ﺪة‪ ،‬وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﰲ اﻷﺳﻮاق ﺑﺄﲰﺎء ﲡﺎرﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‪ .‬وﻣﻦ ﰒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن ﻋﺪم إدراج اﺳﻢ ﻣﻌﲔ ﳌﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﻻ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮورة أن اﳌﺎدة اﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﺿﻤﺎﻧﺎ ﻹﺑﻘﺎء اﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﻣﻮاﻛﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺠﺪات‪ ،‬ﻳﺮﺟﻰ إرﺳﺎل اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﳉﺪﻳﺪة‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أي ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺒﺎت أو‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﲑات ﻣﻘﱰﺣﺔ‪ ،‬إﱃ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان اﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
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ਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙ᴹཊ⿽ཊṧⲴ਽〠ˈቔަᱟ൘୶ъ⍫઼ࣘᢰᵟ᮷⥞ѝˈഐ㘼໎࣐Ҷ
਴ഭ઼ഭ䱵∂૱㇑ࡦ䜘䰘Ⲵᐕ֌䳮ᓖDŽ㕆㒲ljਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙ཊ䈝⿽䇽ިNJѫ㾱ᱟѪҶ
ᑞࣙ䘉Ӌ䜘䰘ˈ䇽ިⲴ㕆㒲ᐢቭਟ㜭‫ࡠڊ‬ᆼᮤ‫ޘ‬䶒DŽ
ㅜа⅑㕆ࡦⲴਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦ⢙䍘ཊ䈝⿽␵অӵ⏥ⴆ哫䞹㦟૱ˈҾ ᒤࠪ⡸DŽ ᒤࠪ⡸Ҷㅜа⡸
ljཊ䈝⿽䇽ިNJˈަѝ਼ᰦ⏥ⴆ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙ˈᒦ䲿ਾҾ ᒤࠪ⡸ҶㅜҼ⡸DŽ ᒤࠪ⡸Ҷ
ljཊ䈝⿽䇽ިNJ‫؞‬䇒⡸ˈަѝ৽᱐Ҷ哫䞹㦟૱ငઈՊⲴࡇ㺘˄઼䖜ࡇ䱴㺘˅ߣᇊˈ᭦ᖅҶࡽࠐ⡸ᡰਜ਼Ⲵᮠ
ᦞˈ䘎਼ᖃᰦᴹ‫ޣ‬ਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙Ⲵᴰᯠؑ᚟DŽ
ਖཆˈ ᒤ‫؞‬䇒⡸໎࣐ҶᯠⲴㅜй䜘࠶઼ㅜഋ䜘࠶˖ㅜй䜘࠶Ⲵ޵ᇩᱟ䱴㺘ᡰࡇᡰᴹ⢙䍘Ⲵ㤡᮷о
⌅㾯䱯ѝ‫״‬᮷ৼ䈝ӂ䈁а㿸㺘DŽㅜഋ䜘࠶ᱟ‫ޣ‬Ҿഭ䱵㇑ࡦࡦᓖⲴ䈤᰾ˈަѝ䈖㓶ӻ㓽Ҷᴹ‫ޣ‬哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮
⾎㦟⢙Ⲵࡇ㺘শਢ઼㇑ࡦ⣦ߥ DŽljཊ䈝⿽䇽ިNJⲴㅜа䜘࠶ᱟ‫ޣ‬Ҿਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦ⢙䍘Ⲵ䙀ау㪇ˈㅜҼ䜘࠶
ᱟу㪇ѝ᭦ᖅⲴ਽〠᤹㤡᮷ᆇ⇽亪ᒿᧂࡇⲴሩ➗㺘DŽ
ᵜㇷljਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙ཊ䈝⿽䇽ިNJ໎㕆㌫ṩᦞ ᒤ‫؞‬䇒⡸ԕᶕᖃѝ䘉Ӌᒤ䰤哫
䞹㦟૱ငઈՊⲴࡇ㺘˄઼䖜ࡇ䱴㺘˅ߣᇊ㘼㕆ࡦⲴDŽ
ਖаࠪ⡸⢙ˈljਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ㓿ᑨ⭘Ҿ䶎⌅ࡦ䙐哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙Ⲵࡽփ઼ॆᆖ૱ཊ䈝⿽䇽ިNJˈ
⏥ⴆlj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJ䱴㺘ᡰࡇⲴ⢙䍘ˈа䎧ᶴᡀ䘉аᮤ྇ഭ䱵∂૱䇽ިDŽ
ᴰਾˈሩᵜ໎㕆ѝⲴ䈤᰾䜘࠶֌Ҷ‫؞‬䇒઼᭩䘋ˈ᜿൘֯ᵜlj䇽ިNJ֯⭘кᴤ࣐ᯩ‫ׯ‬DŽ
㠚ка⡸ ᒤࠪ⡸Ⲵljਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙ཊ䈝⿽䇽ިNJԕᶕˈ哫䞹㦟૱ငઈՊⲴࡇ
㺘˄઼䖜ࡇ䱴㺘˅ߣᇊࡇҾл㺘DŽ
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ljਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹㦟૱ཊ䈝⿽␵অNJˈ㚄ਸഭࠪ⡸⢙ˈ ᒤ˄ࠪ୞૱㕆ਧ˖;,˅˗䲿ਾҾ ᒤࠪ⡸Ҷㅜ
Ҽ⡸˄ࠪ୞૱㕆ਧ˖;,˅ˈᒦҾ ᒤࠪ⡸Ҷㅜй⡸˄ࠪ୞૱㕆ਧ˖()65;,˅DŽ
ljਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙ཊ䈝⿽䇽ިNJˈ㚄ਸഭࠪ⡸⢙ˈ ᒤ˄ࠪ୞૱㕆ਧ˖()56 ;,˅˗
ᒤࠪ⡸Ҷlj໎㕆 NJ˄ࠪ୞૱㕆ਧ˖()56;,˅DŽ
ljਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙ཊ䈝⿽䇽ިNJˈ㚄ਸഭࠪ⡸⢙ˈ ᒤ˄ࠪ୞૱㕆ਧ˖()6;,˅˗ ᒤ
ࠪ⡸Ҷlj໎㕆 NJ˄ࠪ୞૱㕆ਧ˖()6;,˅DŽ
ljਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙ཊ䈝⿽䇽ިNJˈ㚄ਸഭࠪ⡸⢙ˈ ᒤ˄ࠪ୞૱㕆ਧ˖0;,˅˗‫؞‬䇒⡸
DŽ
ᒤlj㚄ਸഭ⾱→䶎⌅䍙䘀哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙‫ޜ‬㓖NJ
ᒤˈ哫䞹㦟૱ငઈՊ˄哫ငՊ˅ㅜ ቺՊ䇞ሶ㗏б䞨Ӿ lj㋮⾎㦟⢙‫ޜ‬㓖NJ㺘ഋ䖜ࡇҾ㺘ҼDŽ
Y
䈪᱄
ࠪ⡸⢙ljਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙ཊ䈝⿽䇽ިNJⲴᵜ໎㕆䇮ᜣ֌Ѫа䜘ཊ亶ฏ䇽ިˈ
ሶॆᆖоഭ䱵∂૱㇑ࡦⲴ਴њᯩ䶒㔃ਸ䎧ᶕDŽഐ↔ˈlj䇽ިNJᵜ䓛ᱟању䰘Ⲵᢰᵟ⸕䇶ᓃˈਟ┑
䏣ԕлཊ⿽㾱≲˖
֌Ѫᵟ䈝㺘֯⭘DŽ䈪᱄ѝवᤜањᵟ䈝㺘ˈަѝ䖭ᴹlj䇽ިNJѝᡰ⭘⢩ᇊᵟ䈝Ⲵㆰঅᇊѹ઼䀓
䟺DŽѫ㾱ⴞⲴᱟ֌Ѫᇎ⭘ᤷইˈ൘Ѫ∂૱㇑ࡦ઼ަԆⴞⲴ֯⭘lj䇽ިNJᰦˈᑞࣙ⨶䀓ᢰᵟǃ、ᆖ઼
⌅ᖻᵟ䈝˗
֌Ѫ䗎Җ֯⭘DŽާփⲴщ㪍䖭ᴹᡰᴹਇ㇑ࡦ⢙䍘Ⲵ⴨‫ॆޣ‬ᆖ䍴ᯉ઼уъ਽〠˄ㅜа䜘࠶˅˗ԕ
৺䘲⭘Ҿ䘉Ӌ⢙䍘Ⲵള䱻㇗࡬࡬ᓜⲴӻ㓽˄ㅜഋ䜘࠶˅˗
֌Ѫ਼ѹ䇽䇽ި֯⭘DŽԕሯ➝㺞ⲴᖒᔿࡇࠪҶщ㪍ѝ᭦ᖅⲴ∂૱਽〠৺ަ਼ѹ䇽˄ㅜҼ䜘
࠶˅˗ԕ৺
֌Ѫ䇽≷㺘֯⭘DŽ䱴ᴹ൘у㪇ѝӻ㓽Ⲵਇ㇑ࡦ⢙䍘Ⲵ㚄ਸഭᡰᴹ↓ᔿ䈝᮷ਂ䈣ж㿾㺞˄ㅜй
䜘࠶˅ˈवᤜ䘉Ӌ⢙䍘Ⲵ䥟伊✛嫜䞮䓸DŽ
ԕлࠐ亥Ⲵ䈤᰾䜘࠶ᨀ‫׋‬Ҷᢰᵟǃᵟ䈝઼䈝䀰ᆖᯩ䶒Ⲵ䀓䟺ˈ⴨‫ޣ‬у仈Ⲵㆰ㾱ᾲ䘠ˈԕ৺lj䇽
ިNJ⇿њ䜘࠶ᡰ䖭Ⲵ䍴ᯉˈᒦ䱴ᴹlj䇽ިNJ֯⭘㤳ֻDŽ
ᵥ䈣
䚔㻌 ćGUXJδ㦥૷Ƚ∈૷Ƚ哱䞿૷εĈૂćVXEVWDQFHδ⢟䍞Ƚ㦥⢟εĈ䘏њѠᵥ䈣
lj䇽ިNJ᭦‫ޕ‬Ҷਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙ˈަᇊѹ᤹lj㓿 ᒤ䇞ᇊҖ‫ Ⲵ↓؞‬
哫䞹૱অа‫ޜ‬㓖NJ઼ ᒤlj㋮⾎㦟⢙‫ޜ‬㓖NJⲴ㿴ᇊ䀓䟺DŽ
ⴞࡽˈlj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJ઼lj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJⲴ䱴㺘ѝ࠶࡛ࡇᴹ ⿽哫䞹㦟૱৺ަࡦࡲ઼ ⿽㋮⾎㦟⢙DŽ䘉є亩‫ޜ‬㓖ሩ䘉Ӌ⢙䍘⭼ᇊྲл˖
〠Ā哫䞹૱ā㘵ˈ䉃䱴㺘а৺Ҽ޵Ⲵԫօ⢙䍘ˈн䇪ަѪཙ❦ӗ૱ᡆਸᡀ૱>lj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJ˖ᇊ
ѹˈㅜаᶑˈㅜаⅮˈM亩@DŽ൘䘉ᯩ䶒ᓄ⌘᜿ˈljঅа‫ޜ‬㓖NJ⌅᮷⡸ሶ㤡᮷ĀQDUFRWLFGUXJā䈁Ѫ
ĀVWXSpILDQWāˈ਼ṧˈ㾯⨝⢉᮷⡸ᡰ⭘Ⲵ䇽ᱟĀHVWXSHIDFLHQWHāˈ‫״‬᮷⡸᤹➗⌅᮷઼㾯⨝⢉᮷Ⲵ⭘䇽ˈ䈁Ѫ
ĀɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨāDŽ
〠Ā㋮⾎㦟⢙ā㘵ˈ䉃䱴㺘аǃ䱴㺘Ҽǃ䱴㺘йᡆ䱴㺘ഋ޵ѻԫօཙ❦ᡆਸᡀ⢙䍘ᡆԫօཙ❦ᶀᯉ
>lj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJ˖⭘䈝ˈㅜаᶑˈㅜʨ亩@DŽ
䲔↔ѻཆˈᵟ䈝ĀGUXJā઼ĀVXEVWDQFHā⭘֌а㡜㦟⢙ᆖ䇽䈝ᰦˈ㤕অ⤜֯⭘㘼ᵚ⢩࡛ᤷ᰾Ѫ
Ā哫䞹㦟૱ā઼Ā㋮⾎㦟⢙āˈ൘lj䇽ިNJѝਟ֌Ѫ኎਽ӂᦒ֯⭘DŽ
䚔㻌 㦥⢟Ⲻćѱ㾷੃〦Ĉ
lj䇽ިNJᡰ⭘Ⲵਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦ㦟⭘⢙䍘Ⲵѫ㾱਽〠ᱟᴰᑨ⭘Ⲵ਽〠ˈᡰԕ൘↔〠ѪĀѫ㾱਽
〠āDŽ䘉Ӌ਽〠ᱟ哫䞹㦟૱ငઈՊ൘ࡇ㺘ߣᇊѝᡰᤷᇊⲴˈഐ㘼⭘Ҿ਴亩ഭ䱵∂૱㇑ࡦᶑ㓖ѝ˄ㅜഋ䜘
࠶ᨀ‫׋‬Ҷᴤཊ‫ޣ‬Ҿഭ䱵㇑ࡦࡦᓖⲴ䍴ᯉ઼਴亩ࡇ㺘ߣᇊⲴ䈖㓶ᛵߥ˅DŽ
൘ཊᮠᛵߥлˈĀѫ㾱਽〠āоഭ䱵㦟⭘⢙䍘䶎у࡙਽〠㌫㔏а㠤DŽ㤕ਇ㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎
㦟⢙⋑ᴹഭ䱵䶎у࡙਽〠ˈࡉ֯⭘ަԆ䶎у࡙਽〠ǃĀ䙊⭘ā਽〠ᡆ؇਽DŽ
㚄ਸഭ‫↓⿽ޝ‬ᔿ䈝᮷ᱟ˖䱯᣹՟᮷ǃѝ᮷ǃ㤡᮷ǃ⌅᮷ǃ㾯⨝⢉᮷઼‫״‬᮷DŽ
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㚄ਸഭˈljᶑ㓖≷㕆NJˈㅜ ধˈㅜ ਧDŽ
㚄ਸഭˈㅜ ধˈㅜ ਧDŽ
lj ᒤ哫䞹૱অа‫ޜ‬㓖䇴⌘NJˈ㚄ਸഭࠪ⡸⢙ˈ ᒤ˄ࠪ୞૱㕆ਧ˖(;,˅DŽ
ഭ䱵㦟⭘⢙䍘䶎у࡙਽〠˗ᤏ䇞ഭ䱵䶎у࡙਽〠ⴞᖅ ઼ᔪ䇞ᙗഭ䱵䶎у࡙਽〠ⴞᖅ˄˅DŽ㍟〟ⴞ
ᖅㅜ ਧˈц⭼ছ⭏㓴㓷ˈ ᒤˈᰕ޵⬖DŽഭ䱵䶎у࡙਽〠㌫㔏࿻Ҿ ᒤˈަⴞⲴᱟ㿴ᇊа⿽ഭ䱵ભ਽⌅ˈ
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ц⭼ছ⭏㓴㓷ᇊᵏᴤᯠᒦਁ㺘DŽ
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ॆᆖ਽〠ѝਜ਼ᴹ䱯᣹՟ᮠᆇ˗ǃǃ“ㅹㅖਧ˗ᯌփᆇˈྲ㖇傜ᆇ⇽ +ǃ1ǃ2ǃDǃGǃOǃ
S˗ᐼ㝺ᆇ⇽ ĮǃȕǃȖ ㅹ˗䘈ᴹ਴⿽ᶕ㠚ᐼ㝺䈝઼᣹б䈝Ⲵࡽ㔰ˈྲ DOSKDǃEHWDǃFLVǃHQGRǃ
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ߦ ौᆜᵥ䈣㺞
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¾ ެԌᑮ⭞੃〦
⇿ㇷу㪇ⲴㅜҼ࠶ඇ㠣亩ࡇᴹަԆॆᆖ਽〠ǃԓਧǃᑨ⭘䙊਽઼୶૱਽〠DŽ
x
␅Ⅵ▥ⷵ⚜䱿 ԕ㤡᮷ᆇ⇽亪ᒿ䖭ࡇҶн਼䈝⿽֯⭘ⲴަԆॆᆖ਽〠ǃॆᆖ࡛਽઼ަԆᑨ⭘਽〠ˈնᵚࡇ
ࠪᡰᴹ਽〠DŽа㡜ᶕ䈤ˈ䲔ҶḀӋᑨ㿱Ⲵ؇਽˄ྲĀ䘧兲㦟ā˅ˈ䶎⌅䍙䘀ѝ֯⭘Ⲵ唁䈍
਽〠઼ਓ䈝਽〠൷ᵚ᭦‫ޕ‬DŽ
x
ⅲ⚆ 䙀аࡇࠪҶᢰᵟ᮷⥞ѝࠪ⧠Ⲵԓਧ˄ྲу࡙˅DŽ
x
デ䞷抩⚜✛⟕❐⚜䱿 ࡇࠪҶ㦟ࡲᐢ⸕Ⲵᑨ⭘䙊਽઼୶૱਽〠DŽᨀ䟂⌘᜿лࡇḷᘇ˄ĺਖ㿱Ā㕙⮕䈝ā˅˖
ሩҾѪlj䇽ިNJ᭦䳶䍴ᯉᰦ൘⴨‫ޣ‬᮷⥞ѝ䙷ࡠⲴᐢ⌘޼㦟ࡲˈ൘ਇ‫؍‬ᣔⲴу࡙਽〠ࡽ
࣐кањ୶ḷㅖਧŠ˄⭡Ҿ㕆䗁઼ᢰᵟ৏ഐˈ䈕ㅖਧ㖞Ҿ䇽ཤ˅DŽ
൘䘉ᯩ䶒䈧⌘᜿ˈ↔㊫䍴ᯉᱟ䲿ᰦਈࣘⲴDŽ਼ṧˈྲ᷌lj䇽ިNJ᭦‫Ⲵޕ‬㦟ࡲ਽〠ࡽᵚ
࣐୶ḷㅖਧŠˈ䘉ᒦн㺘⽪ᆳнᱟᐢ⌘޼Ⲵ㦟ࡲਇ‫؍‬ᣔⲴу࡙਽〠ˈ৽ѻӖ❦DŽ
[
í
ྲ᷌ᐢ⸕Ḁ⿽㦟ࡲ䲔ਜ਼ᴹਇ㇑ࡦⲴ⢙䍘ԕཆˈ䘈ਜ਼ᴹަԆнਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴᡀ࠶ˈࡉ൘
਽〠Ⲵᵛቮ༴࣐кањᱏਧDŽ൘਽〠Ⲵᵛቮ࣐єњᱏਧࡉ㺘⽪䈕ࡦࡲਜ਼ᴹа⿽
ԕкਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ⢙䍘DŽ൘䘉⿽ᛵߥлˈᡰਜ਼⇿а⿽⢙䍘Ⲵу㪇ѝ൷ࡇࠪ䈕ࡦࡲⲴ਽
〠DŽн䗷ˈ䍴ᯉᶕⓀᒦ䶎ᙫᱟаа䈤᰾⇿⿽ࡦࡲⲴᶴᡀᛵߥDŽ
¾ ⴆ㊱ૂ㺃⭕⢟
⇿ㇷу㪇Ⲵㅜй࠶ඇ䖭ࡇਇ㇑ࡦ㦟⢙Ⲵ䥟伊઼嫜䞮䓸䍴ᯉˈ䘉Ӌ䍴ᯉਟ㜭ሩ∂૱㇑ࡦާᴹ
⢩࡛᜿ѹDŽlj䇽ިNJӵ䖭ࡇᐢᴹ䇠䘠Ⲵᡆᑨ⭘Ⲵⴀ㊫Ⲵ䈖㓶䍴ᯉˈԕ৺⴨㊫լˈ䖭ᴹਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦ⢙
䍘ḀӋ嫜䞮䓸઼㆑㨓⇢˄ণ揾伊઼搩伊˅Ⲵ䈖㓶䍴ᯉDŽ
ྲ਼ਇ㇑ࡦⲴสփаṧ˄ĺ㿱к᮷˅ˈ䖭ࡇҶަ䥟伊઼嫜䞮䓸Ⲵлࡇ䍴ᯉ˖
‡ 䥟伊㒥嫜䞮䓸䤓⚜䱿
а㡜ᛵߥлˈਇ㇑ࡦ⢙䍘Ⲵⴀ㊫ᡆ㹽⭏⢙Ⲵ਽〠ᱟสփⲴѫ㾱਽〠࣐к⇿⿽䞨ᙗ棃
䱊⷟Ⲵ਽〠DŽ↔༴ࡇ᰾Ҷⴀ㊫ᡆ㹽⭏⢙Ⲵ㤡᮷ǃ⌅᮷઼㾯⨝⢉᮷й⿽᮷ᆇⲴ਽〠
˄ĺ䱯᣹՟᮷ǃѝ᮷઼‫״‬᮷਽〠㿱ㅢп䜞࠼˅DŽ
‡ ⒕⷟㆞
ĺ㿱к᮷
‡ ⒕⷟摞
ĺ㿱к᮷
‡ 㡯㻃⪉⇢䚕幉ₙ䤓䤍⒕㹣
ᰐ≤สփ⨶䇪кⲴⲮ࠶∄㌫ᤷ⢙䍘Ⲵᴹ‫ⴀޣ‬㊫ᡆ㹽⭏⢙˄ণ揾ᡆ搩˅ѝⲴᰐ≤สփ
䜘࠶ˈ ԕⲮ࠶∄㺘⽪DŽ
‡ 兢㨓㆞
ӵ൘ቁᮠާփᛵߥл᡽䖭ࡇ㔃ᶴᔿ˄ྲ㣭ᆀ⻡Ⲵ揾伊˅DŽ
‡ ⪉⇢䓸德䤓䥟伊㒥嫜䞮䓸䤓␅Ⅵデ䞷⚜䱿
䖭ࡇҶ⴨‫ⴀⲴޣ‬㊫ᡆ㹽⭏⢙ᐢᴹ䇠䘠Ⲵᡆ֯⭘Ⲵॆᆖ਽〠ǃԓਧǃ䙊਽઼㦟ࡲ୶૱
਽〠ˈ 䖭ࡇᯩᔿоสփ⢙䍘⴨਼˄㿱к᮷˅DŽ
൘н਼Ⲵഭᇦ䟼ˈᐲ൪к䬰୞Ⲵ਼਽㦟ࡲਟ㜭䝽ᯩнаᇊ⴨਼ˈᔪ䇞⇿⅑䜭ḕⴻӗ૱ḷㆮк⌘᰾Ⲵ
ᡀ࠶DŽ䘈࣑䈧⌘᜿ˈ൘ḀӋᛵߥлˈ⴨਼Ⲵ਽〠൘н਼ഭᇦਟ㜭㺘⽪н਼Ⲵ⢙䍘DŽഐ↔ᔪ䇞ቭਟ㜭
ሩ➗⴨ᓄⲴॆᆖ਽〠ᡆᇊѹṨሩ䘉Ӌ਽〠DŽ‫ޣ‬Ҿ⢙䍘൘䬰୞ѝᡰ⭘Ⲵ୶૱਽〠ˈ਼ањ਽〠ਟ㜭ᰒ
ᤷสփ⢙䍘৸ᤷа⿽䥟伊˄ĺ㿱л᮷˅ˈ൘н਼ഭᇦ⭊㠣ਟ㜭㺘⽪н਼Ⲵ䥟伊DŽᐢ⸕Ⲵ୶૱਽〠ࡇ
൘оѻ⴨ሩᓄⲴ㦟૱ᖒᔿ˄สփᡆ䥟伊˅л䶒DŽ
ㅢӂ䜞࠼
lj䇽ިNJⲴㅢӂ䜞࠼ᱟу㪇ѝ᭦ᖅⲴᡰᴹ਽〠᤹㤡᮷ᆇ⇽亪ᒿᧂࡇⲴ⺈䏶嫷ˈሩᓄу㪇ѝ᧿䘠
Ⲵ਴㠚สփ⢙䍘ǃ䥟伊ᡆ㹽⭏⢙Ⲵ⃊尐⚜䱿DŽ࣑䈧䲿ᰦḕ䰵ሩ➗㺘ˈഐѪަѝᨀ‫Ⲵ׋‬䍴ᯉਟ⭘Ҿ᮷
⥞ѝࠪ⧠਼а਽〠ᤷԓн਼Ⲵ⢙䍘ǃ㦟⢙Ⲵн਼ᖒᔿ˄สփᡆ䥟˅ǃ਼а⢙䍘Ⲵн਼䥟伊Ⲵᛵߥˈ
ᡆ㦟ࡲѝਜ਼ᴹа⿽ԕкਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦ⢙䍘ⲴᛵߥDŽ
ֻྲ˖у㪇ѝሶ㦟ࡲĀŠ'LD]HEUXPāࡇ൘ৼҼ⭢҉ส㩈⼪䞨≟≞ঃ઼
ⴀ䞨≟≞ঃл䶒ˈ䈕਽〠൘ሩ➗㺘ѝо䘉є⿽䥟伊⴨ሩᓄ˗൘у㪇ѝ
㦟ࡲĀŠ≟Პୁԁāӵࡇ൘䥟伊⭢⼪䞨≟Პୁԁਾ䶒ˈഐ㘼൘ሩ➗㺘ѝ
ሩᓄѪĀ≟Პୁԁĺ⭢⼪䞨≟ᲞୁԁāDŽā
Ѫᇎ⭘䎧㿱ˈሩ➗㺘ѝਆ⎸Ҷу㪇ѝⲴ㦟ࡲ⌘޼ਾਇ‫؍‬ᣔⲴу࡙਽〠୶ḷㅖਧŠDŽնਜ਼ᴹа⿽
ԕк⢙䍘ᡆа⿽ԕкਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦ⢙䍘Ⲵࡦࡲˈަ਽〠࠶࡛‫⮉؍‬Ҷᱏਧ˄ᡆ˅˄ĺਖ㿱Ā㕙⮕
䈝ā˅DŽ
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ㅢп䜞࠼
lj䇽ިNJⲴㅢп䜞࠼ᴹӄ⿽♛幼₏屗嫷ˈ䖭ࡇҶу㪇ѝ᧿䘠Ⲵࡇ‫ޕ‬䱴㺘Ⲵᡰᴹ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎
㦟⢙৺ަ䥟伊઼嫜䞮䓸Ⲵ⃊尐⚜䱿DŽ䘉Ӌа㿸㺘ᴹ㚄ਸഭᡰᴹ䈝᮷⡸ᵜˈ࠶࡛о㤡᮷ӂ䈁ሩ➗DŽ⭡
Ҿᢰᵟ઼㕆䗁кⲴ৏ഐˈу㪇ᰐ⌅ࡇࠪй⿽䈝䀰ԕкⲴ਽〠DŽ
ਖཆˈу㪇ᱟ᤹⢙䍘⃊尐⚜䱿Ⲵ㤡᮷ᆇ⇽亪ᒿᧂࡇⲴˈ᜿ণ൘ḕ᢮ᰦ䴰ᐢ⸕⢙䍘Ⲵ㤡᮷਽〠DŽ
↔ཆˈ਼ᰦҏ៲㤡᮷ǃ⌅᮷ᡆ㾯⨝⢉᮷ⲴӪਟ൘а㿸㺘ѝ᤹䱯᣹՟᮷ǃѝ᮷ᡆ‫״‬᮷ḕ᢮ሩᓄⲴ਽〠
ᡆ਼ѹ䇽ˈ৽ѻӖ❦DŽ
ֻྲ˖⇽䈝Ѫ䱯᣹՟᮷նҏ៲⌅᮷Ⲵ⎧‫ޣ‬ᇈઈ֯⭘lj䇽ިNJḕа⿽⭘
ѝ᮷ḷ⌘ⲴࡦࡲDŽԆ俆‫ݸ‬൘ㅜй䜘࠶Ⲵৼ䈝а㿸㺘ѝሩᓄѝ᮷ḕࡠ䈕
⢙䍘Ⲵ㤡᮷਽〠ˈ޽ḕࡠ䱯᣹՟᮷઼⌅᮷਽〠˗❦ਾˈԆਟ൘ሩ➗㺘
ѝḕࡠ䈕ࡦࡲⲴᖒᔿ઼ᡰਜ਼Ⲵ⢙䍘˗ѻਾ޽䘋‫Ⲵޣ⴨ޕ‬у㪇ˈḕ䰵䘋
а↕Ⲵ䍴ᯉ˄ྲ˖䈕⢙䍘Ⲵᙗ䍘ǃ⌅᮷Ⲵॆᆖ㌫㔏਽〠ˈԕ৺䘲⭘Ҿ
䈕ࡦࡲᡰਜ਼⢙䍘Ⲵഭ䱵㇑ࡦࡦᓖ˅DŽ
ㅢ഑䜞࠼
lj䇽ިNJㅢ഑䜞࠼Ѫањ㺘Ṭˈަѝ䖭ᴹ‫ޣ‬Ҿ⦌棔丰ⓅⓅㄵⲴ䍴ᯉˈࡇࠪᡰᴹ⴨‫ޣ‬哫䞹㦟૱઼
㋮⾎㦟⢙ࡇ‫ޕ‬䱴㺘Ⲵ䈖㓶ᛵߥDŽlj䇽ިNJѝ␫࣐䘉а䜘࠶ѫ㾱ᱟѪҶᑞࣙ਴ഭ઼ഭ䱵∂૱㇑ࡦ䜘䰘
ᘛ䙏ḕ᢮‫ޣ‬Ҿ⇿⿽⢙䍘ᡰ䴰㾱Ҷ䀓Ⲵࡇ‫ޕ‬䱴㺘ᛵߥDŽ䈕㺘Ṭᴹ㚄ਸഭᡰᴹ‫⿽ޝ‬䈝᮷⡸ᵜDŽ
¾ ࡍ㺞়ਨૂⴤࢃⲺ㇗࡬⣬߫
lj䇽ިNJᴰਾа䜘࠶ᡰ䖭䍴ᯉᨀ৺哫䞹㦟૱ငઈՊ˄哫ငՊ˅ṩᦞ ᒤlj哫䞹૱অа‫ޜ‬
㓖NJ઼ ᒤlj㋮⾎㦟⢙‫ޜ‬㓖NJᴹ‫ޣ‬㿴ᇊ֌ࠪⲴ⒦嫷⑂⸩᧤ ㄃᧥DŽ
ਟԕᯩ‫ׯ‬ൠ൘㺘Ṭѝḕࡠਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙Ⲵ㇑ࡦᛵߥˈнӵᴹⴞࡽⲴ㇑ࡦࡦ
ᓖˈণ䘲⭘ଚа䱴㺘˄㺘аǃ㺘Ҽǃ㺘йᡆ㺘ഋ˅઼‫ޜ‬㓖˄ ᒤᡆ ᒤ˅ˈ䘈ᴹ㇑ࡦࡦᓖⲴ
শਢਈॆDŽ
x
ㅜаḿᱟ᤹ᆇ⇽亪ᒿᧂࡇⲴ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙Ⲵ⃊尐⚜䱿˄ĺ㿱Āᵟ䈝ā˅DŽ俆⅑ࡇ㺘
ߣᇊѝᤷᇊ䟷⭘Ⲵ਽〠üüྲ᷌н਼ҾⴞࡽⲴ⃊尐⚜䱿üüࡇ൘л䶒DŽᑨ㿱Ⲵ᤬߉ਈॆн
֌㘳㲁˄Ā
ĀWKāĺĀWāˈĀSKāĺĀIāˈ㿱л᮷⽪ֻ˅DŽ᤹➗㺘й䘋㹼㇑ࡦᒦ൘lj
ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJⲴ⴨ᓄ㿴ᇊѝ࠶࡛ᇊѹⲴĀࡦࡲāˈަ਽〠ࡇ൘⴨ᓄⲴ哫䞹㦟૱л䶒DŽ֌Ѫࡇ㺘
শਢⲴ䟽㾱༷⌘ˈ䘈⌘᰾ҶӾањ䱴㺘䖜ࡇਖањ䱴㺘Ⲵᛵߥˈԕ৺ަԆ‫↓؞‬ᛵߥDŽ
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ֻྲ˖Ā0HWKDPSKHWDPLQHā⧠ᐢ᭩ѪĀ0(7$0)(7$0,1(ā˄ഭ䱵
䶎у࡙୶ḷ਽˅ˈն൘lj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJ㺘ҼⲴ㦟⢙␵অѝӽѪĀަԆ䶎
у࡙୶ḷ਽ᡆ؇਽āDŽ
嫷ℛ嗾䓸₏屗嫷
␅Ⅵ槭₢Ⓒ⟕㪖
⦌棔槭₢Ⓒ⟕㪖⚜
⚜㒥≦⚜
▥ⷵ⚜䱿
$0)(7$0,1(
DPSKHWDPLQH
fDOSKDPHWK\OSKHQHWK\ODPLQH
㤟щ㜪
㤟щ㜪
'(;$0)(7$0,1(
GH[DPSKHWDPLQH
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)(1(7<//,1(
>>DOSKDPHWK\OSKHQHWK\ODPLQR@HWK\O@WKHRSK\OOLQH
/(9$0)(7$0,1(
OHYDPSKHWDPLQH
±5DOSKDPHWK\OSKHQHWK\ODPLQH
ᐖ᯻㤟щ㜪
ᐖ᯻㤟щ㜪
㡯
OHYRPHWKDPSKHWDPLQH
DOSKDPHWK\OSKHQHWK\ODPLQH
㣜ѳԆ᷇
±1DOSKDGLPHWK\OSKHQHWK\ODPLQH
ᐖ᯻⭢ส㤟щ㜪
0(&/248$/21(
RFKORURSKHQ\OPHWK\O+TXLQD]ROLQRQH
0(7$0)(7$0,1(
PHWKDPSKHWDPLQH
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⭢ส㤟щ㜪
0(7$0)(7$0,1(
PHWKDPSKHWDPLQH
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ཆ⎸᯻⭢ส㤟щ㜪
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f1DOSKDGLPHWK\OSKHQHWK\ODPLQH
lj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJа㿸㺘⽪ֻ
x
ㅜҼḿᱟ⇿⿽⢙䍘俆⅑ࡇ㺘ߣᇊⲴᒤԭDŽഐ↔ˈĀ৏␵অāᤷlj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJ઼lj
ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJ࠶࡛⺞ᇊⲴਇ㇑ࡦ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙Ⲵᴰࡍ␵অDŽ
x
ㅜйḿ㺘⽪哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙ⴞࡽ˄ ᒤ˅Ⲵ㇑ࡦ⣦ߥˈᤷ᰾Ҷަⴞࡽᡰ൘Ⲵ⴨ᓄ
䱴㺘઼ሩަ䘋㹼㇑䗆Ⲵ⴨‫ޜޣ‬㓖˄ ᒤlj哫䞹૱অа‫ޜ‬㓖NJᡆ ᒤlj㋮⾎㦟⢙‫ޜ‬
㓖NJ˅DŽ
¾ ሯ⢟䍞਀ެⴆ㊱Ƚᔸᶺ։Ƚ䞥㊱ૂ䟐㊱Ⲻ㇗࡬㤹പૂ㇗࡬࡬ᓜ
ഭ䱵㇑ࡦࡦᓖⲴ਴亩㿴ᇊ⭡ഭ䱵∂૱㇑ࡦᶑ㓖㇑䗆DŽ ᒤlj哫䞹૱অа‫ޜ‬㓖NJҾ ᒤ⭏
᭸ˈਾ㓿lj ᒤ䇞ᇊҖNJ‫↓؞‬DŽަਾࡦ䇒Ⲵ ᒤlj㋮⾎㦟⢙‫ޜ‬㓖NJ㿴ᇊҶ㊫լⲴㆰ᰾ഭ䱵㇑
ࡦࡦᓖDŽᴰ䘁ᵏⲴа亩ഭ䱵∂૱㇑ࡦᶑ㓖ᱟ ᒤlj㚄ਸഭ⾱→䶎⌅䍙䘀哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙‫ޜ‬
㓖NJˈަѝ䖭ᴹਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴࡽփ઼สᵜॆᆖ૱␵অDŽ
л᮷ㆰ㾱ӻ㓽lj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJ઼lj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJᡰ⺞ᇊⲴሩ哫䞹㦟૱઼㋮⾎㦟⢙Ⲵ㇑ࡦ㤳ത
઼㇑ࡦࡦᓖDŽ↔ཆ䘈ᨀ‫׋‬Ҷ‫ޣ‬Ҿሶ㇑ࡦ㤳തᢙབྷ㠣ਇ㇑ࡦ⢙䍘Ⲵ䥟伊ᇬ㆑㨓⇢ᇬ揾伊઼搩伊Ⲵ᰾㓶
ᛵߥˈഐѪ‫ޜ‬㓖⴨ᓄ␵অѝᵚ䙀а֌ࠪާփ䈤᰾DŽ
x ㄃煊搘❐⏻儵
ਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦⲴ煊搘❐৺ަⓅⓑ᤹➗㠤Ɱ㦟࣋ǃ┕⭘Ⲵਟ㜭ᙗ઼޵ਜ਼㦟⢙ᡀ࠶Ⲵ⋫⯇᭸⭘࠶
࡛ᖂ㊫ˈࡇ‫ޕ‬ഋњ䱴㺘DŽṩᦞlj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJ㇑ࡦⲴ哫䞹૱᤹ަ⋫⯇᭸⭘઼┕⭘Ⲵਟ㜭ᙗѻ
䰤Ⲵ‫ޣ‬㌫࠶࡛ࡇ‫ޕ‬єњ䱴㺘˄㺘а઼㺘Ҽ˅DŽ䘲⭘Ҿ㺘аᡰࡇ㦟⢙Ⲵ㇑ࡦ㿴ᇊᱟlj ᒤ‫ޜ‬
㓖NJⲴḷ߶ࡦᓖ˗㺘ҼᡰࡇⲴᱟ㻛䇔Ѫ┕⭘ਟ㜭ᙗ䖳ሿ઼५ᆖкᓄ⭘䖳Ѫᒯ⌋Ⲵ㦟⢙DŽ㺕‫Ⲵݵ‬
㺘й઼㺘ഋєњ䱴㺘࠶࡛᭦‫ޕ‬Ҷ㺘а઼㺘Ҽѝ֌ਸ⌅५⯇⭘䙄Ⲵ㦟⢙Ⲵࡦࡲˈԕ৺㺘аѝ㻛䇔
Ѫᙗ䍘⢩࡛ড䲙઼⋫⯇᭸⭘䶎ᑨᴹ䲀Ⲵ⢩ᇊ㦟⢙DŽ
൘䘉ᯩ䶒࣑䈧⌘᜿ˈlj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJⲴ哫䞹૱䱴㺘наᇊо਴ഭ∂૱㇑ࡦ・⌅ᡰ֯⭘Ⲵࡇ㺘ࡦᓖ⴨а㠤DŽ
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䲔Ҷ ᒤlj哫䞹૱‫ޜ‬㓖NJ㺘аǃ㺘Ҽǃ㺘ഋ䙀аࡇࠪⲴ⇿⿽㦟⢙ѻཆˈ䘈࣑ᗵ䈧⌘᜿
ԕлᢙབྷⲴ㇑ࡦ㤳തˈަѝ⎹৺˖
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㺘а˖
D ᵜ㺘ᡰࡇ㦟⢙Ⲵ㆑㨓⇢ˈࠑ൘⢩ᇊⲴॆᆖᔿѝᴹਟ㜭ᆈ൘Ⲵˈ൷वᤜ൘޵ˈ⢩
࡛ᤷ᰾ᧂ䲔Ⲵ䲔ཆ˗
E ᵜ㺘ᡰࡇ㦟⢙Ⲵ揾伊઼搩伊ˈࠑᴹਟ㜭ᆈ൘Ⲵˈ൷वᤜ൘޵ˈࡇ‫ަޕ‬Ԇ䱴㺘Ⲵ
䲔ཆ˗
F ᵜ㺘ᡰࡇ㦟⢙Ⲵ䥟伊ˈवᤜࡽє亩ᡰ㿴ᇊⲴ揾伊ᇬ搩伊઼㆑㨓⇢Ⲵ䥟伊ˈࠑᴹ
ਟ㜭ᆈ൘Ⲵˈ൷वᤜ൘޵DŽ
±
㺘Ҽ˖
D ᵜ㺘ᡰࡇ㦟⢙Ⲵ㆑㨓⇢ˈࠑ൘⢩ᇊⲴॆᆖᔿѝᴹਟ㜭ᆈ൘Ⲵˈ൷वᤜ൘޵ˈ⢩
࡛ᤷ᰾ᧂ䲔Ⲵ䲔ཆ˗
E ᵜ㺘ᡰࡇ㦟⢙Ⲵ䥟伊ˈवᤜࡽа亩ᡰ㿴ᇊⲴ㆑㨓⇢Ⲵ䥟伊ˈࠑᴹਟ㜭ᆈ൘Ⲵˈ
൷वᤜ൘޵DŽ
±
㺘ഋ˖
D ᵜ㺘ᡰࡇ㦟⢙Ⲵ䥟伊ˈࠑᴹਟ㜭ᖒᡀⲴˈ൷वᤜ൘޵DŽ
ਖཆˈ㇑ࡦ㤳തҏᢙབྷ㠣ਇ㇑ࡦ哫䞹૱Ⲵᡰᴹ਼ս㍐ᖒᔿˈྲ䙊ᑨ֌࠶᷀৲➗֯⭘Ⲵ㺧▥
㦟⢙DŽ
x
㄃位䯭嗾䓸⏻儵
Ѫ位䯭嗾䓸ᡰ㿴ᇊⲴ㇑ࡦࡦᓖ৏ࡉкᱟԕ哫䞹૱㇑ࡦࡦᓖѪส⹰ⲴDŽн䗷ˈ൘lj ᒤ
‫ޜ‬㓖NJѝˈ᤹㦟⢙Ⲵ⋫⯇᭸⭘઼ަ┕⭘ᡰ䙐ᡀⲴ‫ڕޡޜ‬ᓧ仾䲙ѻ䰤Ⲵ‫ޣ‬㌫ˈሶᗵ㾱Ⲵ㇑ࡦ᧚ᯭ
࣐ԕ࠶㊫ˈ࠶࡛ࡇ‫ޕ‬ഋњ䱴㺘DŽ䘉ഋњ䱴㺘ԕєњਈ䟿Ⲵਈॆᕪᓖ࠶㊫˖㺘а㺘⽪‫ڕޡޜ‬ᓧ
仾䲙儈㘼⋫⯇᭸⭘վˈഐ㘼㇑ࡦ᧚ᯭᴰѕṬ˗㺘ഋࡉ⴨৽ˈ㺘⽪‫ڕޡޜ‬ᓧ仾䲙䖳վ㘼⋫⯇᭸⭘
䖳儈DŽ
䲔Ҷlj ᒤ㋮⾎㦟⢙‫ޜ‬㓖NJ㺘а㠣㺘ഋ䙀аࡇࠪⲴ⇿⿽㦟⢙ѻཆˈ䘈࣑ᗵ䈧⌘᜿ԕл
ᢙབྷⲴ㇑ࡦ㤳തˈަѝ⎹৺˖
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㺘аǃ㺘Ҽǃ㺘йǃ㺘ഋ˖
D 䘉Ӌ䱴㺘ᡰࡇ㦟⢙Ⲵ䥟伊ˈࠑᴹਟ㜭ᆈ൘Ⲵˈ൷वᤜ൘޵DŽ
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D ᵜ㺘ᡰࡇ㦟⢙Ⲵ䵚⇢㆑㨓⇢ˈࠑᱟ൘⢩ᇊॆᆖᔿѝᴹਟ㜭ᆈ൘Ⲵˈ൷वᤜ൘
޵ˈ⢩࡛ᤷ᰾ᧂ䲔Ⲵ䲔ཆ˄ᴤཊ䈖ᛵ㿱л᮷Ⲵ䀓䟺߶ࡉ˅DŽ
±
㺘Ҽǃ㺘йǃ㺘ഋ˖
Ѫ▴␵lj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJ㺘Ҽ㠣㺘ഋᡰࡇ㦟⢙Ⲵ䵚⇢㆑㨓⇢Ⲵ㇑ࡦ㤳തˈ㕆߉Ҷ
䀓䟺߶ࡉˈഐ㘼享䚥ᆸԕлḷ߶˖
D ྲᵚᤷ᰾а⢩ᇊ⺈㢯⇢Ⲵॆᆖ਽〠ˈᡆӵࡇ‫ޕ‬Ҷ䈕⢙䍘Ⲵ⮥䀗㡚ᖒᔿˈࡉ 5⺈
㢯⇢઼ 6⺈㢯⇢৺ 56⮥䀗㡚⇢൷ਇ㇑ࡦˈ哫䞹㦟૱ငઈՊⲴߣᇊ⢩࡛ᤷ᰾ᧂ
䲔Ⲵ䲔ཆ˗
E ྲᤷ᰾Ҷа⢩ᇊ⺈㢯⇢ˈࡉ䈕⢙䍘Ⲵ⮥䀗㡚ᖒᔿҏਇ㇑ࡦˈ哫ငՊⲴߣᇊ⢩࡛
ᤷ᰾ᧂ䲔Ⲵ䲔ཆˈ㘼ਖањ⺈㢯⇢нਇ㇑ࡦDŽ㤕ањ⺈㢯⇢ਇ㇑ࡦˈࡉ䈕⺈㢯
lj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJ㿴ᇊⲴ㇑ࡦ᧚ᯭѪᴰվ㇑ࡦ㾱≲DŽ
Ā‫ޣ‬Ҿlj ᒤ‫ޜ‬㓖NJ㺘Ҽǃ㺘й઼㺘ഋᡰࡇ⢙䍘Ⲵ・փᔲᶴփⲴ䀓䟺߶ࡉāˈ䖭Ҿ˖ц⭼ছ⭏㓴㓷㦟⢙
‫׍‬䎆䰞仈уᇦငઈՊ˖ㅜйॱҼ⅑ᣕ੺ˈц⭼ছ⭏㓴㓷ᢰᵟᣕ੺㌫ࡇㅜ ਧ˄ᰕ޵⬖ˈц⭼ছ⭏㓴㓷ˈ
ᒤ˅ˈ䱴ԦDŽ
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ᗳˈࡉᡰᴹ䶎ሩ᱐ᔲᶴփ৺ަཆ⎸᯻ሩ൷ਇ㇑ࡦˈ哫ငՊⲴߣᇊ⢩࡛ᤷ᰾ᧂ䲔
Ⲵ䲔ཆDŽྲ᷌ᤷ᰾Ҷа⢩ᇊⲴ䶎ሩ᱐ᔲᶴփˈࡉਚᴹ䈕䶎ሩ᱐ᔲᶴփਇ㇑ࡦDŽ
F ࡇ㺘ߣᇊѝ֯⭘ॆᆖ਽〠઼ഭ䱵䶎у࡙਽〠ᶕᤷ᰾⴨ᓄⲴ㋮⾎㦟⢙DŽަԆṩᦞ
䇒↓Ⲵॆᆖભ਽㿴ࡉᶴᡀⲴॆᆖ਽〠ਚ㾱䝼ᛵ‫⮉؍‬Ҷ・փᇊੁᙗˈҏਟ⭘Ҿ↓
ᔿ᮷ԦѝDŽྲ᷌ѻਾሩഭ䱵䶎у࡙਽〠֌Ҷԫօ‫؞‬᭩ˈަѝ֯⭘Ⲵॆᆖ਽〠н
਼Ҿࡇ㺘ߣᇊᡰ⭘Ⲵॆᆖ਽〠ˈࡉ䈕ഭ䱵䶎у࡙਽〠ᓄӾ↓ᔿ᮷Ԧѝࡐ䲔DŽ
↔ཆˈ㇑ࡦ㤳ത䘈ᢙབྷࡠਇ㇑ࡦⲴ㋮⾎㦟⢙Ⲵᡰᴹ਼ս㍐ᖒᔿˈྲ䙊ᑨ֌࠶᷀৲➗֯⭘Ⲵ
㺧▥㦟⢙DŽ
ᖷ≸᯦䍺ᯏ
ྲкᡰ䘠ˈ䱴㺘ᡰࡇ⢙䍘䟷⭘Ⲵ਽〠਴⿽਴ṧDŽ㘼фˈࡦ㦟ъ↓нᯝᔰਁᯠⲴࡦࡲˈц⭼਴ൠ
Ⲵᯠӗ૱䜭ԕᯠⲴ୶૱਽〠кᐲDŽഐ↔ˈᵜ⡸lj䇽ިNJྲ᷌ᵚࡇࠪḀаࡦࡲ䟷⭘ⲴḀа਽〠ˈᒦн
аᇊ᜿ણ⵰䈕⢙䍘нਇഭ䱵㇑ࡦDŽ
Ѫ⺞‫؍‬lj䇽ިNJ‫؍‬ᤱᑨᯠˈྲᴹᯠⲴ䍴ᯉˈवᤜԫօ䇒↓ᡆ‫؞‬᭩ᔪ䇞ˈᮜ䈧㠤࠭㚄ਸഭ∂૱઼
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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Ⱦɥɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɢɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ
ɩɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ
ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɢ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɱɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ
ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɤɚɦɢɞɥɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ Ɇɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ
ɩɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɫɰɟɥɶɸɩɨɦɨɱɶɷɬɢɦɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ
ɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɨɥɧɵɦ
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɥ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧ ɜ
ɝɨɞɭ ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ Ɇɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɥɨ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ
ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ȼ ɝɨɞɭ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ Ɇɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɥɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ
ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɨ ɫɚɦɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ
ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɢɦɟɥɚɫɶɧɚɬɨɬɦɨɦɟɧɬ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɌɊȿɌɖə
ɢ ɑȿɌȼȿɊɌȺə ɱɚɫɬɢ ɑȺɋɌɖ ɌɊȿɌɖə ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɫɟɯ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɦ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɦ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦ ɢ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɦ ɫ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɑȺɋɌɖ
ɑȿɌȼȿɊɌȺə ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ
ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ
ɧɢɦɢ ȼ ɑȺɋɌɂ ɉȿɊȼɈɃ Ɇɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɩɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɚ ɜ ɑȺɋɌɂ ȼɌɈɊɈɃ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɵɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯɜɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɬɚɬɶɢ
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɤɆɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɦɭɫɥɨɜɚɪɸɩɨɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ
ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ
ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɡɚɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɟɩɨɫɥɟɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɝɨɞɚ
Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ ɷɬɭ ɫɟɪɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɤɚɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ Ɇɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɤɭɪɫɨɪɚɦ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɱɚɫɬɨ
Ɇɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ
Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ ɝɨɞ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ ɩɨɞ ʋ;, ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɩɭɳɟɧɨ
ɜɝɨɞɭɜɩɪɨɞɚɠɟɩɨɞʋ;,ɚɬɪɟɬɶɟ±ɜɝɨɞɭɜɩɪɨɞɚɠɟɩɨɞʋ()65;,
Ɇɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ
ɩɨɞɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ ɝɨɞ ɜɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ
ɩɨɞʋ()56;,Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɡɞɚɧɨɜɝɨɞɭɜɩɪɨɞɚɠɟɩɨɞʋ()56;,
Ɇɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ
ɩɨɞɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ ɝɨɞ ɜɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ
ɩɨɞʋ()6;,Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɢɡɞɚɧɨɜɝɨɞɭɜɩɪɨɞɚɠɟɩɨɞʋ()6;,
Ɇɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ
ɩɨɞɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV SXEOLFDWLRQ 6DOHV1R0;, ɜɬɨɪɨɟ
ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɟɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ Y
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɦ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ
ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɟɜɫɩɢɫɤɢɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢɝɨɞɚ5
ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɟɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵɉɈəɋɇɂɌȿɅɖɇɕȿɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂəɤɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭɢɡɞɚɧɢɸ
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ
ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ Ɇɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɩɨ
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ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ
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Конвенция Организации Объединенных Наций о борьбе против незаконного оборота н аркотических
средств и психотропных веществ 1988 года.
ȽɈɆɄ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɋɩɢɫɤɚ,9 ɜ ɋɩɢɫɨɤ,, Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɝɨɞɚ
ɧɚɩɹɬɶɞɟɫɹɬɲɟɫɬɨɣɫɟɫɫɢɢɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɩɨɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɄɇɋɜ ɝɨɞɭ YL
ПОЯСНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɸ Ɇɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɢɦɟɧɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɡɚɞɭɦɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɣ
ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɣɜɫɟɛɟɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɫɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣɨɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɧɚɞ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɉɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɟɢɡɞɚɧɢɟɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɪɹɞɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɤɚɤ
ɝɥɨɫɫɚɪɢɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ
ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ
ɋɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɂɯ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ± ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢ
ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ
ɧɚɞɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɤɚɦɢɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɰɟɥɹɯ
ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ
ɑȺɋɌɖ ɉȿɊȼȺə ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɦ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɢɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ
ɪɟɠɢɦɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɑȺɋɌɖɑȿɌȼȿɊɌȺə ɬɟɡɚɭɪɭɫ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɨɜ
ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɜɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɬɚɬɶɹɯɑȺɋɌɖȼɌɈɊȺəɢ
ɫɥɨɜɧɢɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɬɨɦ
ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɯ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɹɡɵɤɚɯɈɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɈɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯɇɚɰɢɣ ɑȺɋɌɖɌɊȿɌɖə
ȼ ɩɨɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ
ɤɪɚɬɤɢɟɨɛɡɨɪɵɩɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɬɟɦɚɦɢɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɫɹɜɤɚɠɞɨɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢɋɥɨɜɚɪɹɢɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ
¾ Ɍɟɪɦɢɧɵɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɢɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹɩɨɞɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ȿɞɢɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ
ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɝɨɞɚ ɫ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɚɦɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɧɟɟ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɦ ɝɨɞɚ ɢ ɜ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ
ɝɨɞɚ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɦɢ
ȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɧɚɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɢɢɯɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜɢ
ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵɜɫɩɢɫɤɢɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ
Ɉɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣɚɪɚɛɫɤɢɣɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɢɣɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɣɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɢɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɢ 8QLWHG1DWLRQV7UHDW\VHULHVYRO1R 3URWRFRO$PHQGLQJWKH6LQJOH&RQYHQWLRQRQ1DUFRWLF'UXJVLELGYRO1R 8QLWHG1DWLRQVYRO1R YLL
ɝɨɞɚɢɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢɝɨɞɚȼɷɬɢɯɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹɯɨɧɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɇɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɢɡ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɋɩɢɫɤɢ, ɢ ,,±
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ >Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂə
ɩɭɧɤɬ ɩɨɞɩɭɧɤɬM@ ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ȿɞɢɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɧɚ
ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɸ QDUFRWLF GUXJ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɥɨɜɨ
VWXSpILDQW ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ HVWXSHIDFLHQWH
ɚ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɬɟɪɦɢɧɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ
ɉɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɢɥɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɋɩɢɫɨɤ, ,, ,,, ɢɥɢ ,9 >Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹ
ɝɨɞɚɫɬɚɬɶɹɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿɌȿɊɆɂɇɈȼɩɭɧɤɬH@@
ȼ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɤɢ ɢ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɤɚɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɟɫɥɢ
ɨɧɢ ɧɢ ɤ ɱɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɢɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
¾ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɞ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɜ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɢɢɦɟɧɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɗɬɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɯ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ
ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚɯ ɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ
ɧɚɞɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɤɚɦɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɪɟɠɢɦɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹɜɑȺɋɌɂɑȿɌȼȿɊɌɈɃ Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɟɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ Ɇɇɇ
ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ȼɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ Ɇɇɇ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɢɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɧɟɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɪɨɞɨɜɵɟɢɥɢɧɟɧɚɭɱɧɵɟɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
¾ ɐɢɮɪɵɡɧɚɱɤɢɢɤɭɪɫɢɜ
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɚɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɚɪɚɛɫɤɢɟɰɢɮɪɵɡɧɚɱɤɢ“ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟɤɭɪɫɢɜɨɦɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɛɭɤɜɵɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɝɨɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ+12DGO
SɛɭɤɜɵɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚĮȕȖɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɤɢɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɥɢɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɚɥɶɮɚ ɛɟɬɚ ɰɢɫ ɷɧɞɨ ɦɟɬɚ ɩɚɪɚ ɬɪɚɧɫ ɢɬɞ ɗɬɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɨɛɵɱɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɵɨɬɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɞɟɮɢɫɨɦ
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1R(;, Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɧɟɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ Ɇɇɇ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɋɩɢɫɤɢ
ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯɆɇɇɢɋɩɢɫɤɢɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɵɯɆɇɇɋɜɨɞɧɵɣɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶʋȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɚɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɀɟɧɟɜɚ ɝɨɞ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ Ɇɇɇ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɟɞɢɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɚɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹȼɈɁɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɬɢɢɡɞɚɟɬɫɜɨɞɧɵɟɩɟɪɟɱɧɢɆɇɇɧɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣɨɫɧɨɜɟ YLLL
¾ Ƚɥɨɫɫɚɪɢɣɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ
Ƚɥɨɫɫɚɪɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɯɢɦɢɢ ɂɯ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ± ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ
Ⱥɧɢɨɧ
Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɡɚɪɹɠɟɧɧɵɣɢɨɧ
Ⱥɬɨɦɧɚɹɦɚɫɫɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜ ɜ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɦɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɟɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɟ
Ⱦɟɣɬɟɪɢɣ
Ɉɞɢɧɢɡɬɹɠɟɥɵɯɢɡɨɬɨɩɨɜɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣɜɫɜɨɟɦɹɞɪɟɨɞɢɧ
ɧɟɣɬɪɨɧɢɨɞɢɧɩɪɨɬɨɧ
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɫ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ ɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ ɬɟ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɢ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɢɢɥɢ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ
ɢɡɨɦɟɪɵɢɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɵ
ɂɡɨɦɟɪɵ
ɂɡɨɬɨɩɵ
Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨ ɚɬɨɦɧɨɣ
ɦɚɫɫɟɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɢɞɟɣɬɟɪɢɣ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨɨɧɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
Ɋɚɰɟɦɚɬɵ
ɋɦɟɫɶɷɤɜɢɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɞɜɭɯɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɨɜɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɰɟɦɚɬɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɨɜ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦɡɧɚɱɤɨɜ“56ɢɥɢɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɨɤɪɚɰɢɥɢɪɚɰɟɦ
ɋɨɥɢ
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɯ Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ
ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɥɢ ɫ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬ
ɋɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɵ Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ ɧɨ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢ
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ
ɗɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɵ
ɋɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɣ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɤɫɜɨɟɦɭɡɟɪɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ
ɗɮɢɪɵ
ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ
Ɉɛɳɢɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɞɥɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɥɸɛɨɝɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɞɜɭɯ
ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜ
5±2±5
ɗɮɢɪɵ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ
Ɉɛɳɢɣɬɟɪɦɢɧɞɥɹɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɥɸɛɨɝɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
ɫɨɫɩɢɪɬɨɦ
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¾ ɋɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɤ
ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɦ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɦ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɜ
ɑȺɋɌɂɉȿɊȼɈɃ
PROZW
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹɦɚɫɫɚ
EDQK
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ
6FK
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ
ȿɞɢɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹ ɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɝɨɞɚ ɫ
ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɚɦɢ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɧɟɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɦ
ɝɨɞɚ
Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹɨɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯɝɨɞɚ
Š
Ɍɨɜɚɪɧɵɣ
ɡɧɚɤ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ
ɫ
ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɟɫɥɢ
ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɡɧɚɤ
ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹɜɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɤɟɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɝɨɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɧɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ
ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ
ĺ
ɫɦ
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ɑȺɋɌɖПȿɊȼȺə
ȼ ɑȺɋɌɂ ɉȿɊȼɈɃ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɩɨ
ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɨɦ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɢɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ
ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɭɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɦɭɫɹɩɨɞɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ 0HGD]HSDP0pGD]pSDP0HGD]HSDP
6\QWKHWLFVXEVWDQFH6XEVWDQFHV\QWKpWLTXH6XVWDQFLDVLQWpWLFD
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹɦɚɫɫɚ Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ &+
&+&O1 PROZW 1
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EDQK
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣɪɟɠɢɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ 6FK,9 ɇɨɦɟɪ&$6
&$6
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ FKORURGLK\GURPHWK\OSKHQ\O+EHQ]RGLD]HSLQH
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FORURGLKLGURPHWLOIHQLO+EHQ]RGLD]HSLQD
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¾ ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɢɪɟɠɢɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɭ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ
ɪɟɠɢɦɚɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɩɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸɧɚɝɨɞ
x Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɢ
ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɦ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ
ɹɡɵɤɚɯĺɫɦɜɑȺɋɌɂɌɊȿɌɖȿɃ
x ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɨɧɨ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ȼ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɩɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɛɨɥɟɟɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɚɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
x Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ± ɷɬɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɜɢɞɵ ɢ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɚɬɨɦɨɜɜɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ
x Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹɦɚɫɫɚ
Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ
ɜɫɟɯɚɬɨɦɨɜɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸɞɨɨɞɧɨɣɞɟɫɹɬɨɣ
x Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ±ɷɬɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ
ɜɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯɱɚɫɬɶɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
x Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣɪɟɠɢɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɍɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɋɩɢɫɨɤ,,,,,,ɢɥɢ,9ɢɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹɝɨɞɚɢɥɢ
Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹ ɝɨɞɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɩɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸɧɚɝɨɞȾɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ
ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɦ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ
ɫɦɜ ɑȺɋɌɂ ɑȿɌȼȿɊɌɈɃ ĺɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɚɬɭɫɚɢɬɟɤɭɳɢɣɪɟɠɢɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
x ɇɨɦɟɪ&$6
Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɋɥɭɠɛɵɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɛɡɨɪɨɜɩɨɯɢɦɢɢ
ɱɚɫɬɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɦɟɪ &$6± ɷɬɨ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɰɢɮɪ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɮɢɫɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɗɬɨɬ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɞɧɨɦɭ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɭɢɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɝɨɧɚɥɢɱɢɹɬɟɪɚɡɧɵɟɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɵɨɞɧɨɣ
ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵɢɦɟɸɬɪɚɡɧɵɟɧɨɦɟɪɚ&$6ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
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x ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ
ɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɟɝɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɚɗɬɨɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɱɢɫɥɚɡɧɚɱɤɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɢɬɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ Ɉɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɢ
ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯ
x ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɚɬɨɦɨɜɢɫɜɹɡɟɣɜɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ
¾ Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɪɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
x Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ Ɂɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɷɤɫɬɟɡɢ ɠɚɪɝɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟɜɫɮɟɪɟɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ
ɧɟɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ
x Ʉɨɞɨɜɵɟɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜ
ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɢɟɫɹɜɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ
x Ɉɛɳɢɟɪɨɞɨɜɵɟɢɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɪɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ Ɉɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ
oɫɦɬɚɤɠɟɋɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
± ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɦ
ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɤɚŠɩɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɨɧɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹɜɧɚɱɚɥɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɣ ɡɧɚɤŠ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɋɥɨɜɚɪɟɷɬɨɫɚɦɨɩɨɫɟɛɟɧɟ
ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɦ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɢɜɪɚɜɧɨɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɧɟɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ
± Ɏɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣɫɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɧɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ
ɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɨɣɜɤɨɧɰɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹȾɜɭɦɹɡɜɟɡɞɨɱɤɚɦɢɜɤɨɧɰɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ȼɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɬɨ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ
[LLL
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɤɚɠɞɨɝɨɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ
¾ ɋɨɥɢɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ
Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ
ɫɨɥɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɤɚɦɢ ȼ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɥɢɲɶ ɨ ɬɟɯ ɫɨɥɹɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɚɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɷɮɢɪɚɯɢɩɪɨɫɬɵɯɷɮɢɪɚɯ
Ʉɚɤɢɩɨɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦĺɫɦɜɵɲɟɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
ɫɨɥɟɣɢɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
x ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɫɨɥɢɢɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɫɨɥɢɢɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɢɡ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɝɨɚɧɢɨɧɚɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɫɨɥɟɣɢɥɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɡɞɟɫɶɧɚɬɪɟɯ
ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɦ ɢɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɦ
ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦɢɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɚɯĺɫɦɜɑȺɋɌɂɌɊȿɌɖȿɃ
x Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ
ĺɫɦɜɵɲɟ
x Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹɦɚɫɫɚ
ĺɫɦɜɵɲɟ
x Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ±ɷɬɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ
ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɥɢ ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɥɨɠɧɨɝɨɷɮɢɪɚɢɥɢɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨɷɮɢɪɚɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
x ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɞɥɹɫɥɨɠɧɵɯɷɮɢɪɨɜɷɤɝɨɧɢɧɚ
x Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɤɚɤɢɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɫɦɜɵɲɟ
Ɏɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɞ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ
ɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣɧɚɷɬɢɤɟɬɤɟɋɥɟɞɭɟɬɬɚɤɠɟɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɢɧɨɝɞɚɨɞɧɨɢɬɨɠɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɟɪɹɬɶɬɚɤɢɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɫɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɭ ɬɨ ɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɨɥɢ ĺ ɫɦ ɧɢɠɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɤ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɮɨɪɦɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸɢɥɢɫɨɥɢ
[LY
ɑȺɋɌɖȼɌɈɊȺə ɑȺɋɌɖ ȼɌɈɊȺə ɋɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɵɣ
ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɜɫɟɯɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯɜɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɬɚɬɶɢɫɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ
ɫɫɵɥɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɥɢ ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɯ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦ ɜ ɬɟɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɪɚɡɧɵɯɮɨɪɦɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɥɢ ɫɨɥɢɪɚɡɧɵɯɫɨɥɟɣɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹɩɨɞɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
Ɏɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ Š'LD]HEUXP ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɞɢɛɭɧɚɬɭ ɯɥɨɪɞɢɚɡɟɩɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ
ɝɢɞɪɨɯɥɨɪɢɞɭ ɯɥɨɪɞɢɚɡɟɩɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɟ
ɫɨɥɢ ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ Š/RSUD]RODP ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɥɢ ɦɟɡɢɥɚɬɭ ɥɨɩɪɚɡɨɥɚɦɚ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɤɚɤɅɨɩɪɚɡɨɥɚɦĺɅɨɩɪɚɡɨɥɚɦɚɦɟɡɢɥɚɬ ɋɢɦɜɨɥ
ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɤɚŠ
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ
ɜ
ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɍ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɨɤ ɢɥɢ ĺɫɦɬɚɤɠɟɋɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ЧАСТЬ ТРЕТЬЯ
ɑȺɋɌɖ ɌɊȿɌɖə ɋɥɨɜɚɪɹɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɩɹɬɶɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɧɵɯɩɟɪɟɱɧɟɣɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ
ɜɫɟɯɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɢɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɢɯ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɯ ɗɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɇɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɦ ɫ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɧɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɨɦ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɱɬɨɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɡɧɚɧɢɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɧɚ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɗɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ
ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵ ɧɚ
ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɦ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɭ ɬɚɦɨɠɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɞɧɵɦ
ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɟ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜ
ɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɹɯ ɑɚɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɨɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɚɪɚɛɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɦ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ
ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟ ɨɧ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɧ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ
ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵɣ ɤ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɫɹɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɟ [Y
ɑȺɋɌɖɑȿɌȼȿɊɌȺə
ȼ ɑȺɋɌɂ ɑȿɌȼȿɊɌɈɃ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɟ ɜɫɟɯ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɢɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɈɧɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɜ
ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɫɟɝɨɫɰɟɥɶɸɩɨɦɨɱɶɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɩɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɧɚɞ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɦ
ɫɬɚɬɭɫɟ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɗɬɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ
ɈɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɈɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯɇɚɰɢɣ
¾ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɚɬɭɫɚɢɬɟɤɭɳɢɣɪɟɠɢɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ
ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɟ ɝɨɞɵ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ
Ʉɇɋ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦ ȿɞɢɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɝɨɞɚ ɢ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯɝɨɞɚ
Ɉɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ
ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɞɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦɢɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɜ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɋɩɢɫɨɤ
,,,,,,ɢɥɢ,9ɢɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɸɢɥɢɝɨɞɚɧɨɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɪɟɠɢɦɚɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
x ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ
ĺɫɦɌɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɍɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ
ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɨ ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ Ɉɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ WK ĺ W SK ĺ I
ɫɦɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɢɠɟ ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɋɩɢɫɤɚ,,, ɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ
ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ Ʉɚɤ
ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫɥɭɱɚɢɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚɢɡɨɞɧɨɝɨɋɩɢɫɤɚɜɞɪɭɝɨɣɢɞɪɭɝɢɟɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ
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ɉɟɪɟɱɧɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɋɩɢɫɨɤ,, Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ
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x ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɞ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨ
ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɟ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɞ
ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɟɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɜɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢɝɨɞɚɢɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢɝɨɞɚ
x ȼɬɪɟɬɶɟɣɤɨɥɨɧɤɟɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɟɤɭɳɟɦɩɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸɧɚɝɨɞɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɋɩɢɫɤɚ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ȿɞɢɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɝɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯɝɨɞɚ
¾ ɋɮɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɥɹɦɢ
ɢɡɨɦɟɪɚɦɢɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢɷɮɢɪɚɦɢɢɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢɷɮɢɪɚɦɢ
Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɧɚɞ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɤɚɦɢ ȿɞɢɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹ ɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯɝɨɞɚɜɫɬɭɩɢɥɚɜɫɢɥɭɜɝɨɞɭɢɜɧɟɟɛɵɥɢɜɧɟɫɟɧɵɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɨɦ ɝɨɞɚ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹ ɨ
ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ
ɝɨɞɚ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɭɸ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ
ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɧɚɞ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɚ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯɇɚɰɢɣɨɛɨɪɶɛɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɝɨɞɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɢ ɩɪɟɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹɩɨɞɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ
ɇɢɠɟɜɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɢ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɢɫɮɟɪɵɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɧɚ ɫɨɥɢɢɡɨɦɟɪɵɫɥɨɠɧɵɟɷɮɢɪɵɢ
ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟɷɮɢɪɵɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɨɧɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɧɟɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ
ɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɩɟɪɟɱɧɹɯɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɣ
x Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹɨɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯɝɨɞɚ
ɇɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵɩɨɱɟɬɵɪɟɦɋɩɢɫɤɚɦ ɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ ɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɢ
ɢɯ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɇɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ
ɋɩɢɫɤɨɜ, ɢ ,,ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɢɯ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɋɩɢɫɨɤ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ,,ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɤɚɤɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹɜɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɲɢɪɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɜ
ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɟ Ⱦɜɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɋɩɢɫɤɚ ,,, ɢ ,9 ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɋɩɢɫɨɤ, ɢɥɢ ,, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵɞɥɹɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯɰɟɥɹɯɢɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ȼɷɬɨɣɫɜɹɡɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶɱɬɨɋɩɢɫɤɢɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɄɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɝɨɞɚɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ
ɧɚɞɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɤɚɦɢɤɚɠɞɨɣɫɬɪɚɧɵ [YLL
ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɢɡɋɩɢɫɤɚ,ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɤɚɤɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɣ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɋɩɢɫɤɚɯ, ,,
ɢ,9 Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɯ ɝɨɞɚ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɧɚ
± ɋɩɢɫɨɤ,
ɚɢɡɨɦɟɪɵ ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɋɩɢɫɤɟ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
Eɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɱɢɫɥɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɋɩɢɫɤɟɟɫɥɢɨɧɢɧɟɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɭɸɬɜɞɪɭɝɨɦɋɩɢɫɤɟɜɨɜɫɟɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɫɨɥɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɋɩɢɫɤɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɨɥɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɷɮɢɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɫɨɥɟɣɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
± ɋɩɢɫɨɤ,,
ɚɢɡɨɦɟɪɵ ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɋɩɢɫɤɟ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
Eɫɨɥɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɋɩɢɫɤɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɨɥɢ ɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɤɨɝɞɚɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɬɚɤɢɯɫɨɥɟɣɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
± ɋɩɢɫɨɤ,9
ɚɫɨɥɢɜɫɟɯɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯɜɷɬɨɦɋɩɢɫɤɟɤɨɝɞɚ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɬɚɤɢɯɫɨɥɟɣɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ
ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚ
ɞɟɣɬɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ
x Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹɨɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯɝɨɞɚ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɪɟɞɫɬɜȼɬɨɠɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ
ɱɟɬɵɪɟɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɋɩɢɫɤɚɦ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨ
ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɦɢ ȼ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɥɶɡɹɳɚɹ ɲɤɚɥɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ
Ɇɟɪɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ [YLLL
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɋɩɢɫɨɤ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɫɚɦɵɟɫɬɪɨɝɢɟɦɟɪɵɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹɜɬɨɜɪɟɦɹɤɚɤɋɩɢɫɨɤ,9ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɟ
ɬɟɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɭɸɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɞɥɹɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɢɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ
ɞɥɹɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɯɰɟɥɟɣ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɋɩɢɫɤɚɯ,,9
Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɝɨɞɚ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹɧɚ
± ɋɩɢɫɤɢ,,,,,,,9
ɚɫɨɥɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɋɩɢɫɤɚɯ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɬɚɤɢɯɫɨɥɟɣɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
± ɋɩɢɫɨɤ,
ɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɵ ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ
ɷɬɨɦ ɋɩɢɫɤɟ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ
ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɢɠɟ
± ɋɩɢɫɤɢ,,,,,,9
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɋɩɢɫɤɢ,,,9 Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ
ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ
ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ
ɚɟɫɥɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɚ ɧɟ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɪɚɰɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ 5 ɢ 6ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɵ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ
56ɪɚɰɟɦɚɬɟɫɥɢɨɧɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɧɟɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɵɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ
ɩɨɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ
Eɟɫɥɢɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɰɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɚ ɧɚɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ȼ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɤɚɤɨɣɥɢɛɨ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪ
ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ ɷɧɚɧɬɢɨɦɟɪɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɟɬ
ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɯɢɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɰɟɧɬɪɨɜɩɨɞɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɸɬɜɫɟɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɵɢ
ɢɯɪɚɰɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɚɪɵɟɫɥɢɨɧɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɧɟɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɵɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ
Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ȿɫɥɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ
ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ
ɞɢɚɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪ
ɫɞɥɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɜɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɯ
ɨ ɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ Ɇɇɇ ȼ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
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ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ
ɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ
ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ
ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɤɚɤɨɝɨɥɢɛɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɇɇɇ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹɜɪɟɲɟɧɢɢɨɫɩɢɫɨɱɧɨɦɫɬɚɬɭɫɟɬɚɤɨɟɆɇɇɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɨɢɡɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ
ɢɡɨɬɨɩɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚ
ɞɟɣɬɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ
ɁȺɉɊɈɋɕȾɈɉɈɅɇɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɂ
Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɮɚɪɦɚɰɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɨɞ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɤɚɤɨɝɨɥɢɛɨɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɢɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɹɧɟɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɱɬɨɷɬɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɧɟɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɩɨɞɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɨɜɭɸ
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(1-(5-fluoropentil)-1H-indol-3-il)(naftalen-1il)metanona
(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(naphthalen-1yl)methanone
(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-yl)(naphthalène-1yl)méthanone
(3,4-methylenedioxy)methcathinone
(4R,7aR,12bS)-7-methoxy-3-methyl-2,3,4,7atetrahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2e]isoquinolin-9-ol
(5Į)-6,7,8,14-tetradehydro-4,5-epoxy-6-methoxy17-methylmorphinan-3-ol
(R/S)-1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-il)-2-(pirrolidin-1il)pentan-1-ona
(R/S)-1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1yl)pentan-1-one
(RS)-2-metilamino-1-(3,4-metilendioxifenil)propan1-ona
(RS)-2-methylamino-1-(3,4methylenedioxyphenyl)propan-1-one
(RS)-2-méthylamino-1-(3,4méthylènedioxyphényl)propan-1-one
(RS)-2-methylamino-1-(4-methylphenyl)propan-1one
(RS)-2-méthylamino-1-(4-méthylphényl)propan-1one
(RS)-2-metilamino-1-(4-metilfenil)propan-1-ona
[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone
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ȕ-keto-(4,N-dimethylamphetamine)
p-methyl-methcathinone
Ȗ-hydroxybutyric acid
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ĺ AM-2201
ĺ AM-2201
ĺ AM-2201
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ĺ Oripavine
ĺ Oripavine
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
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ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ Methylone
ĺ Methylone
ĺ Methylone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ AM-2201
ĺ Methylone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ GHB
ĺ GHB sodium
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1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(methylamino)-1propanone monohydrochloride
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1-(phenylmethyl)-piperazine dihydrochloride
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dihydrochloride
ĺ Methylone hydrochloride
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1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1pentanone
1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan1-one
1-(3,4dichlorobenzamidomethyl)cyclohexyldimethylamine
1-(3,4dichlorobenzamidomethyl)cyclohexyldimethylamine
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1-(3,4-methylenedioxy-phenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylpentan-1-one
1-(3’,4’-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-pyrrolidino-1pentanone
1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-pyrrolidinylpentan-1-one
1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole
1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1yl)pentan-1-one
1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1yl)pentan-1-one hydrochloride
1-bencilpiperazina
1-benzyl-1,4-diazacyclohexane
1-benzylpiperazine
1-benzylpipérazine
1-benzylpiperazine dihydrochloride
1-benzylpiperazine hydrochloride
1-naphthalenyl(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-methanone
2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2methoxybenzyl)ethanamine monohydrochloride
2-(methylamino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1-propanone
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2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-((2methoxyphenyl)methyl)ethanamine
2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2methoxybenzyl)ethan-1-amine
2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2methoxybenzyl)ethan-1-amine hydrochloride
2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2methoxybenzyl)ethanamine
2-(4-bromo-2,5-diméthoxyphényl)-N-((2méthoxyphényl)méthyl)éthanamine
2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimetoxifenil)-N-(2metoxifenil)metil)etanamina
2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-((2methoxyphenyl)methyl)ethanamine
2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2methoxybenzyl)ethan-1-amine
20
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ AH-7921
ĺ AH-7921 hydrochloride
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ AM-2201
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV) hydrochloride
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
dihydrochloride
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
hydrochloride
ĺ JWH-018
ĺ 25C-NBOMe hydrochloride
ĺ Mephedrone hydrochloride
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe hydrochloride
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2methoxybenzyl)ethan-1-amine hydrochloride
2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2methoxybenzyl)ethanamine
2-(4-chloro-2,5-diméthoxyphényl)-N-((2méthoxyphényl)méthyl)éthanamine
2-(4-cloro-2,5-dimetoxifenil)-N-(2metoxifenil)metil)etanamina
2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-((2methoxyphenyl)methyl)ethanamine
2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2methoxybenzyl)ethan-1-amine
2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2methoxybenzyl)ethan-1-amine hydrochloride
2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2methoxybenzyl)ethanamine
2-(4-iodo-2,5-diméthoxyphényl)-N-((2méthoxyphényl)méthyl)éthanamine
2-(4-yodo-2,5-dimetoxifenil)-N-(2metoxifenil)metil)etanamina
25B
25B-NBOMe
25C
25C-NBOMe
25I
25I-NBOMe
2-aminomethyl-1-tolyl-propan-1-one
2CB-NBOMe
2C-B-NBOMe
2CC-NBOMe
2C-C-NBOMe
2CI-NBOMe
2C-I-NBOMe
2-methylamino-1-(3,4methylenedioxyphenyl)propan-1-one
3-O-demethyl-thebaine
3’,4’-(methylenedioxy)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)valerophenone
3,4-dichloro-N-((1(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)methyl)benzamide
3,4-dichloro-N-((1(diméthylamino)cyclohexyl)méthyl)benzamide
3,4-dichloro-N-((1(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)methyl)benzamide
hydrochloride
3,4-dichloro-N-[[1(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]methyl]benzamide
monohydrochloride
ĺ 25C-NBOMe hydrochloride
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe hydrochloride
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ Methylone
ĺ Oripavine
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ AH-7921
ĺ AH-7921
ĺ AH-7921 hydrochloride
ĺ AH-7921 hydrochloride
21
3,4-dicloro-N-((1(dimetilamino)ciclohexil)metil)benzamida
3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone
3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
3,4-méthylènedioxypyrovalérone
3,4-metilendioxipirovalerona
4 HB
4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-[(2methoxyphenyl)methyl]-benzeneethanamine
monohydrochloride
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-[(2methoxyphenyl)methyl]-benzeneethanamine
monohydrochloride
4,N-dimethylcathinone
4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine
4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(omethoxybenzyl)phenethylamine
4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-[(2methoxyphenyl)methyl]-benzeneethanamine
4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine
4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(omethoxybenzyl)phenethylamine
4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-N-[(2methoxyphenyl)methyl]-benzeneethanamine
4-hydroxybutanoic acid
4-hydroxybuttersäure, Natriumsalz
4-hydroxybutyrat
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(omethoxybenzyl)phenethylamine
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-[(2methoxyphenyl)methyl]-benzeneethanamine
4-MeMC
4-methylephedrone
4-methylmethcathinone
4-methylmethcathinone (4-MMC)
4-MMC
6,7,8,14-tetradehydro-4,5-alpha-epoxy-6-methoxy17-methylmorphinan-3-ol
ĺ AH-7921
ĺ Methylone
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ GHB
ĺ 25B-NBOMe hydrochloride
ĺ 25I-NBOMe hydrochloride
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ GHB
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ GHB
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ Oripavine
-AA2
acide gamma-hydroxibutirique
22
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
ĺ GHB
acide Ȗ-hydroxybutyrique
ácido gamma-hidroxibutírico
ácido Ȗ-hidroxibutírico
Alcover
AM-678
Anetamin
Arlone
Atomic Bomb
Atomic Bomb
ĺ GHB
ĺ GHB
ĺ GHB
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ JWH-018
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ Methylone
ĺ AM-2201
ĺ JWH-018
-Bbenzylpiperazine
bk-MDMA
BOM 2-CB
BOM 2-CC
BOM-CI
butanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, monosodium salt
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
ĺ Methylone
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ GHB sodium
-CC-Boom
Cimbi-36
Cimbi-5
Cimbi-82
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
-D-
Dots
Doxylam
Doxylan
Dragon
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ AH-7921
ĺ AH-7921
ĺ JWH-018
-E-
Ease
Euphoria
Explosion
ĺ Methylone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ Methylone
-F-
Fisio-Gamma
Flower Power
Flying Angel
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
-G-
Gam OH
Gamarest
Gamma-OH
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ GHB sodium
23
Gamma-hidroxibutirato
Gamma-hydrate
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid
GHB
Gioron
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ GHB
ĺ GHB
ĺ GHB
ĺ GHB sodium
-HHoffman
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
-I-
INBMeO
Inpact
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ Methylone
-J-
Jamaican Gold Extreme
JWH-2201
ĺ AM-2201
ĺ AM-2201
-L-
Legal E
Legal X
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
-M-
M1
Magic
Magic
Manga Xtreme
mdmc
mdmcat
MDPK
Mef
Mefedrona
Méphédrone
Methylenedioxypyrovalerone
Méthylone
Metilona
Miaow miaow
Monkees Go Bananas
24
ĺ Methylone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ AM-2201
ĺ Methylone
ĺ Methylone
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ Methylone
ĺ Methylone
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ JWH-018
-NN-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4bromophenethylamine
N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4chlorophenethylamine
N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-4iodophenethylamine
N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-4-bromo-2,5dimethoxyphenethylamine
N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-4-chloro-2,5dimethoxyphenethylamine
N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-4-iodo-2,5dimethoxyphenethylamine
naftalen-1-il[1-(5-fluoropentil)-1H-indol-3il]metanona
naftalen-1-il(1-pentil-1H-indol-3- il)metanona
naphthalène-1-yl[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3yl]méthanone
naphthalène-1-yl(1-pentyl-1H-indole-3yl)méthanone
naphthalen-1-yl(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone
naphthalene-1-yl(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone
natrii oxybas
natrii oxybutyras
N-bencilpiperazina
N-benzylpiperazine
N-benzylpipérazine
NBomb
NBomb
NBOMe-2CB
NBOMe-2C-B
NBOMe-2CC
NBOMe-2C-C
NBOMe-2C-I
NBOMe-2CI
N-boom
NE_BOME
NE-BOME
NE-BOME
Nemesis
Neocor
New Bonzai
New Ivory Wave
N-methylephedrone
Nova
NSC 84223
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ AM-2201
ĺ JWH-018
ĺ AM-2201
ĺ JWH-018
ĺ JWH-018
ĺ JWH-018
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
ĺ Methylone
ĺ AM-2201
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ GHB sodium
25
-OO3-demetiltebaína
ĺ Oripavine
3
ĺ Oripavine
3
ĺ Oripavine
ĺ Oripavine
ĺ GHB
O -déméthylthébaine
O -demethylthebaine
Oripavina
Oxybate
-PPEP
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
-R-
Rockstar
ĺ JWH-018
-S-
Smiles
sodium 4-hydroxybutyrate
sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate
sodium oxybate
sodium oxybutyrate
Solaris
Somsanit
Spike 99
Star Dust
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ JWH-018
ĺ Mephedrone
-TTwisted
ĺ N-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
-U-
Ultra
US 3975443
US 6900236
US 7241799
ĺ JWH-018
ĺ AH-7921
ĺ AM-2201
ĺ JWH-018
-W-
Wasted
White Gold
WY 3478
ĺ JWH-018
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ GHB sodium
-X-
XoXo
ĺ AM-2201
Xyrem
ĺ GHB sodium
26
- MOLECULAR FORMULAS C4H7O3Na
ĺ GHB sodium
C4H8NO3
C16H22Cl2N2O
ĺ GHB
ĺ AH-7921
C16H22Cl2N2O . HCl
ĺ AH-7921 hydrochloride
C18H19NO3
ĺ Oripavine
C18H19NO3 . HCl
C18H22BrNO3
ĺ Oripavine
C18H22BrNO3 . HCl
ĺ 25B-NBOMe hydrochloride
C18H22ClNO3
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
C18H22ClNO3 . HCl
ĺ 25C-NBOMe hydrochloride
C18H22INO3
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
C18H22INO3 . HCl
ĺ 25I-NBOMe hydrochloride
C11H15NO
ĺ Mephedrone
C11H15NO . HCl
ĺ Mephedrone hydrochloride
C11H16N2
ĺ 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
C11H16N2 . HCl
ĺ 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
hydrochloride
C11H16N2 . 2HCl
ĺ 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
dihydrochloride
C24H23NO
ĺ JWH-018
C24H22FNO
C11H13NO3
ĺ AM-2201
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV) hydrochloride
ĺ Methylone
C11H13NO3 . HCl
ĺ Methylone hydrochloride
C16H21NO3
C15H19NO3 . HCl
CAS 467-04-9
CAS 502-85-2
CAS 591-81-1
CAS 2759-28-6
CAS 5321-63-1
CAS 24622-62-6
CAS 41804-96-0
CAS 55154-30-8
CAS 72878-35-4
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
- CAS NUMBERS ĺ Oripavine
ĺ GHB sodium
ĺ GHB
ĺ 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
ĺ 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
dihydrochloride
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV) hydrochloride
ĺ AH-7921 hydrochloride
ĺ AH-7921
ĺ 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP)
hydrochloride
27
CAS 209414-07-3
CAS 335161-24-5
CAS 687603-66-3
CAS 919797-19-6
CAS 1026511-90-9
CAS 1043868-97-8
CAS 1189726-22-4
CAS 1189805-46-6
CAS 1227608-02-7
CAS 1539266-15-3
CAS 1539266-19-7
CAS 186028-79-5N
CAS 186028-80-8
CAS 191916-41-3 (base + stereo-isomer)
28
ĺ JWH-018
ĺ AM-2201
ĺ 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
(MDPV)
ĺ 25I-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe
ĺ 25I-NBOMe hydrochloride
ĺ Mephedrone hydrochloride
ĺ Mephedrone
ĺ 25C-NBOMe
ĺ 25B-NBOMe hydrochloride
ĺ 25C-NBOMe hydrochloride
ĺ Methylone
ĺ Methylone hydrochloride
ĺ Methylone
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