Anexo 1. Stndrome alcohylico fetal (FAS) y trastornos asociados

L$UFK$UJHQW3HGLDWUL[$FWXDOL]DFLyQ
$QH[R6tQGURPHDOFRKyOLFRIHWDO)$6\WUDVWRUQRV
DVRFLDGRV&ULWHULRVGLDJQyVWLFRV
(/(0(1726',$*1Ð67,&26
'(-$&48(/,1(52848(77(
3UHPDWXULGDG
%DMRSHVR\WDOODDOQDFHU%DMRSHVRSDUDOD
HGDGJHVWDFLRQDO´QLxRPLQLDWXUDµ
(VFDVRSURJUHVRSRQGRHVWDWXUDOSRVWQDWDO
5HWUDVRSVLFRPRWRUSDUDOHORDOLQVXILFLHQWHGH
VDUUROORItVLFR
0LFURFHIDOLD
)DFLHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFUiQHR´DEROODGRµFRQUH
GHVYHQRVDVYLVLEOHVUDt]QDVDODSODQDGDQDULQDV
UHGRQGHDGDV\DQFKDVODELRVXSHULRUSHTXHxR\
´FRPRDUUHPDQJDGRµDQJLRPDSODQRGHODIUHQ
WHSHUVLVWHQWHPiVDOOiGHORVSULPHURVPHVHV
RUHMDVGHLPSODQWDFLyQEDMDRHQDQWHYHUVLyQ
$QRUH[LD
´1LxRQHUYLRVRµJHVWRVEUXVFRVVDFiGLFRVWHP
EORURVRVDWHQFLyQIUiJLOIiFLOPHQWHIDWLJDEOH
0DOIRUPDFLRQHVDVRFLDGDVHVWUDELVPRODELR
OHSRULQR\SDODGDUKHQGLGRSLHYDURHTXLQR
FULSWRUTXLGLDKLGURFHIDOLDFDUGLRSDWtDVFRQ
JpQLWDVYDULRVWLSRVGHDQRPDOtDVGDFWLODUHV
3DGUHVQHJOLJHQWHVHQHOFXLGDGRGHVXGHVD
UUROORWDQWRItVLFRFRPRSVLFRDIHFWLYR
$OFRKROLVPRGHORVSDGUHVSHURHVSHFLDOPHQ
WHGHODPDGUH
&5,7(5,26',$*1Ð67,&26'(/
,167,787(2)0(',&,1(,20
&DWHJRUtD)$6FRQH[SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDO
DOFRKROFRQILUPDGD
$ ([SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKROFRQILUPDGDOD
H[SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDOHWDQROVHGHILQHFRPR
XQSDWUyQGHLQJHVWDDOFRKyOLFDH[FHVLYDFDUDF
WHUL]DGDSRUXQDLQJHVWDUHJXODUVXVWDQFLDOR
SRUXQDDOWDLQJHVWDHSLVyGLFD/DHYLGHQFLDGH
HVWHSDWUyQGHLQJHVWDGHEHLQFOXLUDORVVLJQRV
GHGHSHQGHQFLDDODOFRKRO
% (YLGHQFLDGHXQSDWUyQFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHDQR
PDOtDVIDFLDOHVLQFOXLGDVKHQGLGXUDVSDOSH
EUDOHVFRUWDV\DQRUPDOLGDGHVGHODUHJLyQ
PD[LODUVXSHULRUSRUHMODELRVXSHULRUSODQR
VXUFRQDVRODELDODSODQDGRDSODQDPLHQWRGHOD
UHJLyQPHGLDGHODFDUD
& (YLGHQFLDGHUHWUDVRGHOFUHFLPLHQWRWDOFRPR
HQDOPHQRVXQRGHORVVLJXLHQWHV
EDMRSHVRDOQDFHUSDUDODHGDGJHVWDFLRQDO
IDOWDGHSURJUHVRSRQGHUDOSRVWQDWDOQRGH
ELGRDODQXWULFLyQ
EDMRSHVRHQUHODFLyQDODWDOOD
' (YLGHQFLDGHDQRPDOtDVGHOQHXURGHVDUUROOR
GHO61&WDOFRPRHQDOPHQRVXQRGHORVVL
JXLHQWHV
EDMRSHUtPHWURFHIiOLFRDOQDFHU
DQRPDOtDVFHUHEUDOHVHVWUXFWXUDOHVSRUHM
DJHQHVLDSDUFLDORWRWDOGHOFXHUSRFDOORVR
RKLSRSODVLDFHUHEHORVD
VLJQRVQHXUROyJLFRVJUDYHVROHYHVDSUR
SLDGRVSDUDODHGDGFRPRFRPSURPLVRGH
ODVKDELOLGDGHVPRWRUDVILQDVKLSRDFXVLDR
DFXVLDQHXURVHQVRULDOPDUFKDHQWiQGHP
GHIHFWXRVD>SRRUWDQGHPJDLW@PDODFRRUGL
QDFLyQYLVXRPDQXDO
&DWHJRUtD)$6VLQFRQILUPDFLyQGHOD
H[SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKRO
$XVHQFLDGHO&ULWHULR$&ULWHULRV%'FRPR
HQOD&DWHJRUtD
&DWHJRUtD)$6SDUFLDOFRQH[SRVLFLyQ
PDWHUQDDODOFRKROFRQILUPDGD
$ ([SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKROFRQILUPDGD
% (YLGHQFLDGHDOJXQRVFRPSRQHQWHVGHOSDWUyQ
IDFLDOGHO6$)
3UHVHQFLDGHDOPHQRVXQRGHORVVLJXLHQWHV&
'R(
& (YLGHQFLDGHUHWUDVRGHOFUHFLPLHQWRWDOFRPR
HQDOPHQRVXQRGHORVVLJXLHQWHV
EDMRSHVRDOQDFHUSDUDODHGDGJHVWDFLRQDO
IDOWDGHSURJUHVRSRQGHUDOSRVWQDWDOQRGH
ELGRDODQXWULFLyQ
EDMRSHVRHQUHODFLyQDODWDOOD
' (YLGHQFLDGHDQRPDOtDVGHOQHXURGHVDUUROOR
GHO61&WDOFRPRHQDOPHQRVXQRGHORVVL
JXLHQWHV
EDMRSHUtPHWURFHIiOLFRDOQDFHU
DQRPDOtDVFHUHEUDOHVHVWUXFWXUDOHVSRUHM
DJHQHVLDSDUFLDORWRWDOGHOFXHUSRFDOORVR
RKLSRSODVLDFHUHEHORVD
VLJQRVQHXUROyJLFRVJUDYHVROHYHVDSUR
SLDGRVSDUDODHGDGFRPRFRPSURPLVRGH
ODVKDELOLGDGHVPRWRUDVILQDVKLSRDFXVLDR
DFXVLDQHXURVHQVRULDOPDUFKDHQWiQGHP
GHIHFWXRVD>SRRUWDQGHPJDLW@PDODFRRUGL
QDFLyQYLVXRPDQXDO
( (YLGHQFLDGHXQSDWUyQFRPSOHMRGHDQRPDOtDV
FRJQLWLYDVRFRQGXFWXDOHVLQFRQVLVWHQWHVFRQHO
JUDGRGHGHVDUUROORDOFDQ]DGR\QRH[SOLFDGR
SRUODFDUJDJHQpWLFDRODVFRQGLFLRQHVDPELHQ
WDOHVWDOHVFRPRGLILFXOWDGHVHQHODSUHQGL]DMH
&ULWHULRVGLDJQyVWLFRVGHOVtQGURPHDOFRKyOLFRIHWDO\ORVWUDVWRUQRVGHOHVSHFWURGHODOFRKROLVPRIHWDOLL
GpILFLWHQHOGHVHPSHxRHVFRODUEDMRFRQWURO
GHORVLPSXOVRVSUREOHPDVHQODSHUFHSFLyQ
VRFLDOGpILFLWGHOOHQJXDMHEDMDFDSDFLGDGGH
DEVWUDFFLyQ\PHWDFRJQLFLyQGpILFLWHVSHFtIL
FRVHQODVKDELOLGDGHVDULWPpWLFDVRSUREOHPDV
GHPHPRULDDWHQFLyQRMXLFLR
&DWHJRUtD'HIHFWRVFRQJpQLWRVUHODFLRQDGRV
FRQHODOFRKRO$5%'VLJODHQLQJOpVGH
$OFRKROUHODWHGELUWKGHIHFWV
/LVWDGHGHIHFWRVFRQJpQLWRVLQFOXLGDVPDOIRU
PDFLRQHV\GLVSODVLDV
&DUGtDFRV&,$&,9WUDQVSRVLFLyQGHORV
JUDQGHVYDVRVWHWUDORJtDGH)DOORW
(VTXHOpWLFRVXxDVKLSRSOiVLFDVFOLQRGDFWLOLD
PHxLTXHVFRUWRVSHFWXVH[FDYDWXP\FDULQDWXP
VLQRVWRVLVUDGLRFXELWDOVtQGURPHGH.OLSSHO
)HLOFRQWUDFWXUDVHQIOH[LyQKHPLYpUWHEUDV
FDPSWRGDFWLOLDHVFROLRVLV
5HQDOHVDSODVLDGLVSODVLDRKLSRSODVLDUHQDO
GXSOLFDFLyQXUHWHUDOULxyQHQKHUUDGXUDKL
GURQHIURVLV
2FXODUHVHVWUDELVPRWUDVWRUQRVGHODUHIUDF
FLyQGHELGRDPLFURIWDOPtD
$XGLWLYRVKLSRDFXVLDRDFXVLDGHFRQGXFFLyQ
KLSRDFXVLDRDFXVLDVHQVRULDO
2WURVYLUWXDOPHQWHFDGDPDOIRUPDFLyQKDVL
GRGHVFULSWDHQDOJ~QSDFLHQWHFRQ)$6
6LJXHVLHQGRLQFLHUWDODHVSHFLILFLGDGHWLROyJL
FDGHODOFRKROSDUDODPD\RUtDGHHVDVDQRPDOtDV
&DWHJRUtD7UDVWRUQRVGHOQHXURGHVDUUROOR
UHODFLRQDGRVFRQHODOFRKRO$51'VLJODHQLQJOpV
GH$OFRKROUHODWHGQHXURGHYHORSPHQWDOGLVRUGHUV
$ (YLGHQFLDGHDQRPDOtDVGHOQHXURGHVDUUROOR
GHO61&FRPRHQDOPHQRVXQRGHORVVL
JXLHQWHV
EDMRSHUtPHWURFHIiOLFRDOQDFHU
DQRPDOtDVFHUHEUDOHVHVWUXFWXUDOHVSRUHM
DJHQHVLDSDUFLDORWRWDOGHOFXHUSRFDOORVR
RKLSRSODVLDFHUHEHORVD
VLJQRVQHXUROyJLFRVVHYHURVROHYHVDSUR
SLDGRVSDUDODHGDGWDOHVFRPRFRPSUR
PLVRGHODVKDELOLGDGHVPRWRUDVILQDV
KLSRDFXVLDRDFXVLDQHXURVHQVRULDOPDUFKD
HQWiQGHPGHIHFWXRVD>SRRUWDQGHPJDLW@
PDODFRRUGLQDFLyQYLVXRPDQXDO
\R
% (YLGHQFLDGHXQSDWUyQFRPSOHMRGHDQRPDOtDV
FRJQLWLYDVRFRQGXFWXDOHVLQFRQVLVWHQWHVFRQ
HOJUDGRGHGHVDUUROORDOFDQ]DGR\QRH[SOLFD
GRSRUODFDUJDJHQpWLFDRODVFRQGLFLRQHVDP
ELHQWDOHVFRPRGLILFXOWDGHVHQHODSUHQGL]DMH
GpILFLWHQHOGHVHPSHxRHVFRODUEDMRFRQWURO
GHORVLPSXOVRVSUREOHPDVHQODSHUFHSFLyQ
VRFLDOGpILFLWGHOOHQJXDMHEDMDFDSDFLGDGGH
DEVWUDFFLyQ\PHWDFRJQLFLyQGpILFLWHVSHFtIL
FRVHQODVKDELOLGDGHVDULWPpWLFDVRSUREOHPDV
GHPHPRULDDWHQFLyQRMXLFLR
35238(67$'(5(9,6,Ð1'(
/26&5,7(5,26',$*1Ð67,&26'(/
,167,787(2)0(',&,1(,203$5$
/26)$6'
,)$6FRQH[SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKRO
FRQÀUPDGDWRGDVODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV$'
VRQQHFHVDULDVSDUDUHDOL]DUHOGLDJQyVWLFR
GHHVWDFDWHJRUtD
$ ([SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKROFRQILUPDGD
% (YLGHQFLDGHXQSDWUyQFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHDQR
PDOtDVIDFLDOHVPHQRUHVLQFOXLGDVGRVRPiV
GHODVVLJXLHQWHV
KHQGLGXUDVSDOSHEUDOHVFRUWDV”DOSHUFHQ
WLOR
ERUGHEHUPHOOyQILQRGHOODELRVXSHULRU
SXQWDMHRFRQODJXtDGHODELRVXUFR
QDVRODELDO
VXUFRQDVRODELDODSODQDGRSXQWDMHR
FRQODJXtDGHODELRVXUFRQDVRODELDO
& (YLGHQFLDGHUHWUDVRGHOFUHFLPLHQWRSUHQDWDO
\RSRVWQDWDO
DOWXUDRSHVR”DOSHUFHQWLORVLHVSRVLEOH
FRUUHJLGRSDUDODVQRUPDVGHUD]D
' (YLGHQFLDGHFUHFLPLHQWRFHUHEUDOGHILFLHQWHR
GHPRUIRJpQHVLVDQRUPDOLQFOXLGRVXQRRPiV
GHORVVLJXLHQWHV
DQRPDOtDVFHUHEUDOHVHVWUXFWXUDOHV
SHUtPHWURFHIiOLFR”DOSHUFHQWLOR
,,)$6VLQFRQÀUPDFLyQGHODH[SRVLFLyQ
PDWHUQDDODOFRKRO
,%,&\,'FRPRDUULED
,,,)$6SDUFLDOFRQH[SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDO
DOFRKROFRQÀUPDGDWRGDVODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
$&VRQQHFHVDULDVSDUDUHDOL]DUHOGLDJQyVWLFR
GHHVWDFDWHJRUtD
$ ([SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKROFRQILUPDGD
% (YLGHQFLDGHXQSDWUyQFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHDQR
PDOtDVIDFLDOHVPHQRUHVLQFOXLGDVGRVRPiV
GHODVVLJXLHQWHV
KHQGLGXUDVSDOSHEUDOHVFRUWDV”DOSHUFHQ
WLOR
ERUGHEHUPHOOyQILQRGHOODELRVXSHULRU
SXQWDMHRFRQODJXtDGHODELRVXUFR
QDVRODELDO
VXUFRQDVRODELDODSODQDGRSXQWDMHR
FRQODJXtDGHODELRVXUFRQDVRODELDO
LLL$UFK$UJHQW3HGLDWU$FWXDOL]DFLyQ
& 2WUDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVXQDGHODVVLJXLHQWHV
(YLGHQFLDGHUHWUDVRGHOFUHFLPLHQWRSUHQD
WDO\RSRVWQDWDO
D DOWXUDRSHVR”DOSHUFHQWLORVLHVSR
VLEOHFRUUHJLGRSDUDODVQRUPDVGHUD]D
(YLGHQFLDGHFUHFLPLHQWRFHUHEUDOGHILFLHQ
WHRGHPRUIRJpQHVLVDQRUPDOLQFOXLGRV
XQRRPiVGHORVVLJXLHQWHV
D DQRPDOtDVFHUHEUDOHVHVWUXFWXUDOHV
E SHUtPHWURFHIiOLFR”DOSHUFHQWLOR
(YLGHQFLDGHXQSDWUyQFRPSOHMRGHDQR
PDOtDVFRJQLWLYDVRFRQGXFWXDOHVLQFRQVLV
WHQWHVFRQHOJUDGRGHGHVDUUROORDOFDQ]DGR
\TXHQRSXHGDH[SOLFDUVHSRUODFDUJDJH
QpWLFDHODPELHQWHIDPLOLDURODVFRQGLFLR
QHVDPELHQWDOHVVRODPHQWH
D (VWHSDWUyQLQFOX\HXQFRPSURPLVR
PDUFDGRHQHOUHQGLPLHQWRHQWDUHDV
FRPSOHMDVWDUHDVGHUHVROXFLyQGHSUR
EOHPDVFRPSOHMRVSODQHDPLHQWRMXLFLR
DEVWUDFFLyQPHWDFRJQLFLyQ\DULWPpWL
FDVGpILFLWGHDOWRQLYHOHQHOOHQJXDMH
UHFHSWLYR\H[SUHVLYR\FRQGXFWDDOWH
UDGDGLILFXOWDGHQODVPDQHUDVSHUVR
QDOHVODELOLGDGHPRFLRQDOGLVIXQFLyQ
PRWRUDEDMRUHQGLPLHQWRDFDGpPLFR\
GHILFLHQWHVLQWHUDFFLRQHVVRFLDOHV
,9)$6SDUFLDOVLQFRQÀUPDFLyQGHOD
H[SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKRO
,,,%\,&FRPRDUULED
9'HIHFWRVFRQJpQLWRVUHODFLRQDGRVFRQHO
DOFRKRO$5%'WRGDVODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV$&
VRQQHFHVDULDVSDUDUHDOL]DUHOGLDJQyVWLFRGH
HVWDFDWHJRUtD
$ ([SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKROFRQILUPDGD
% (YLGHQFLDGHXQSDWUyQFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHDQR
PDOtDVIDFLDOHVPHQRUHVLQFOXLGDVGRVRPiV
GHODVVLJXLHQWHV
KHQGLGXUDVSDOSHEUDOHVFRUWDV”DOSHUFHQ
WLOR
ERUGHEHUPHOOyQILQRGHOODELRVXSHULRU
SXQWDMHRFRQODJXtDGHODELRVXUFR
QDVRODELDO
VXUFRQDVRODELDODSODQDGRSXQWDMHR
FRQODJXtDGHODELRVXUFRQDVRODELDO
& 'HIHFWRVFRQJpQLWRVHVWUXFWXUDOHVHQXQDR
PiVGHODVFDWHJRUtDVVLJXLHQWHVLQFOXLGDV
PDOIRUPDFLRQHV\GLVSODVLDVVLHOSDFLHQWH
SUHVHQWDVRODPHQWHDQRPDOtDVPHQRUHVGHEHQ
HVWDUSUHVHQWHVGRVRPiVFDUGtDFRV&,$&,9
WUDQVSRVLFLyQGHORVJUDQGHVYDVRVHVTXHOpWLFRV
VLQRVWRVLVUDGLRFXELWDOGHIHFWRVGHODVHJPHQ
WDFLyQYHUWHEUDOFRQWUDFWXUDGHODVJUDQGHV
DUWLFXODFLRQHVHVFROLRVLVUHQDOHVDSODVLDGLV
SODVLDRKLSRSODVLDUHQDOULxyQHQKHUUDGX
UDGXSOLFDFLyQXUHWHUDORFXODUHVHVWUDELVPR
SWRVLVDQRPDOtDVYDVFXODUHVUHWLQLDQDVKLSR
SODVLDGHOQHUYLRySWLFRDXGLWLYRVKLSRDFXVLD
RDFXVLDGHFRQGXFFLyQKLSRDFXVLDRDFXVLD
VHQVRULDODQRPDOtDVPHQRUHVXxDVKLSRSOiVLFDV
PHxLTXHVFRUWRVFOLQRGDFWLOLDGHORVPHxLTXHV
SHFWXVFDULQDWXPRH[FDYDWXPFDPSWRGDFWLOLD
SOLHJXHVSDOPDUHV´HQSDORGHKRFNH\µWUDV
WRUQRVGHODUHIUDFFLyQRFXODURUHMDV´HQYtDV
GHIHUURFDUULOµ
9,7UDVWRUQRVGHOQHXURGHVDUUROOR
UHODFLRQDGRVFRQHODOFRKRO$51'
SDUDUHDOL]DUHOGLDJQyVWLFRVHUHTXLHUHQWDQWR
$FRPR%
$ ([SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKROFRQILUPDGD
% $OPHQRVXQRGHORVVLJXLHQWHV
(YLGHQFLDGHFUHFLPLHQWRFHUHEUDOGHILFLHQ
WHRGHPRUIRJpQHVLVDQRUPDOLQFOXLGRV
XQRRPiVGHORVVLJXLHQWHV
D DQRPDOtDVFHUHEUDOHVHVWUXFWXUDOHV
E SHUtPHWURFHIiOLFR”DOSHUFHQWLOR
(YLGHQFLDGHXQSDWUyQFRPSOHMRGHDQR
PDOtDVFRJQLWLYDVRFRQGXFWXDOHVLQFRQVLV
WHQWHVFRQHOJUDGRGHGHVDUUROORDOFDQ]DGR
\TXHQRSXHGDH[SOLFDUVHSRUODFDUJDJH
QpWLFDHODPELHQWHIDPLOLDURODVFRQGLFLR
QHVDPELHQWDOHVVRODPHQWH
D (VWHSDWUyQLQFOX\HXQFRPSURPLVR
PDUFDGRHQHOUHQGLPLHQWRHQWDUHDV
FRPSOHMDVWDUHDVGHUHVROXFLyQGHSUR
EOHPDVFRPSOHMRVSODQHDPLHQWRMXLFLR
DEVWUDFFLyQPHWDFRJQLFLyQ\DULWPpWL
FDVGpILFLWGHDOWRQLYHOHQHOOHQJXDMH
UHFHSWLYR\H[SUHVLYR\FRQGXFWDDOWH
UDGDGLILFXOWDGHQODVPDQHUDVSHUVR
QDOHVODELOLGDGHPRFLRQDOGLVIXQFLyQ
PRWRUDEDMRUHQGLPLHQWRDFDGpPLFR\
GHILFLHQWHVLQWHUDFFLRQHVVRFLDOHV
1RWDODVVLJXLHQWHVFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVYDOHQSD
UDORVFULWHULRVGLDJQyVWLFRVSURSXHVWRV(QFDGD
XQDGHODVFDWHJRUtDVVHDVXPHTXHODHYDOXDFLyQ
JHQpWLFD\PpGLFDKDH[FOXLGRXQDIHQRFRSLDLQ
FOX\HQGRDRWURVVtQGURPHVJHQpWLFRV\GHPDO
IRUPDFLRQHV/DH[SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDOHWDQROVH
GHILQHFRPRXQSDWUyQGHLQJHVWDDOFRKyOLFDH[FH
VLYDFDUDFWHUL]DGDSRUXQDLQJHVWDUHJXODUVXVWDQ
FLDORSRUXQDDOWDLQJHVWDHSLVyGLFD/DHYLGHQFLD
GHHVWHSDWUyQSXHGHLQFOXLUIUHFXHQWHVHSLVRGLRV
GHLQWR[LFDFLyQHOGHVDUUROORGHWROHUDQFLDRDEV
&ULWHULRVGLDJQyVWLFRVGHOVtQGURPHDOFRKyOLFRIHWDO\ORVWUDVWRUQRVGHOHVSHFWURGHODOFRKROLVPRIHWDOYL
WLQHQFLDSUREOHPDVVRFLDOHVROHJDOHVUHODFLRQDGRV
FRQODEHELGDHOLQYROXFUDPLHQWRHQFRQGXFWDV
ItVLFDPHQWHULHVJRVDVPLHQWUDVVHHVWiEDMRORV
HIHFWRVGHODEHELGDRSUREOHPDVPpGLFRVUHODFLR
QDGRVFRQHODOFRKROWDOHVFRPRKHSDWRSDWtDV/D
FRQILUPDFLyQSXHGHVHUSRUHQWUHYLVWDPDWHUQDR
DSDUWLUGHIXHQWHVFRODWHUDOHVFRQILDEOHV
/RV$5%'\$51'VHUHILHUHQDFRQGLFLRQHV
FOtQLFDVHQODVTXHGHEHH[LVWLUXQDKLVWRULDGHH[
SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKRO\HQODVTXHODLQYHV
WLJDFLyQFOtQLFDRHQDQLPDOHVGHEHFRUUHODFLRQDUVH
ODLQJHVWDPDWHUQDGHDOFRKROFRQHOGHVHQODFH
REVHUYDGR/RV$5%'FRPSUHQGHQDQLxRVFRQ
DQRPDOtDVHVWUXFWXUDOHVPD\RUHV\RPHQRUHV
TXHH[KLEHQXQFUHFLPLHQWRItVLFR\XQGHVDUUROOR
LQWHOHFWXDOQRUPDOHV/RV$51'FRPSUHQGHQXQ
SDWUyQHVSHFtILFRGHFRQGXFWD\GHVDUUROORDOWHUD
GRVHQQLxRVFRQFUHFLPLHQWR\GHVDUUROORHVWUXF
WXUDOHVQRUPDOHV
&5,7(5,26',$*1Ð67,&26'(/&(1752
3$5$(/&21752/'((1)(50('$'(6
&'&3$5$/26)$6'
'LVPRUILDIDFLDO
%DVDGRHQQRUPDVUDFLDOHVHOLQGLYLGXRH[KLEH
ODVWUHVVLJXLHQWHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVIDFLDOHV
VXUFRQDVRODELDOOLVRSXQWDMHRGHOD*XtD
/DELR6XUFRQDVRODELDOGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH
:DVKLQJWRQ
ERUGHEHUPHOOyQGHOJDGRSXQWDMHRGHOD
*XtD/DELR6XUFRQDVRODELDOGHOD8QLYHUVLGDG
GH:DVKLQJWRQ
KHQGLGXUDVSDOSHEUDOHVFRUWDV”DOSHUFHQWLOR
3UREOHPDVGHFUHFLPLHQWR
$OWXUDRSHVRSUHQDWDORSRVWQDWDORDPERV
”DOSHUFHQWLORFRQILUPDGRVGRFXPHQWDGRV
HQFXDOTXLHUSXQWRWHPSRUDODMXVWDGRSRUHGDG
VH[RHGDGJHVWDFLRQDO\UD]DRHWQLD
$QRPDOtDVGHOVLVWHPDQHUYLRVRFHQWUDO
, (VWUXFWXUDOHV
3HUtPHWURFHIiOLFR”DOSHUFHQWLORDMXVWD
GRSDUDODHGDG\HOVH[R
$QRPDOtDVFHUHEUDOHVFOtQLFDPHQWHVLJQLIL
FDWLYDVREVHUYDEOHVSRUPHGLRGHLPiJHQHV
,, 1HXUROyJLFDV
3UREOHPDVQHXUROyJLFRVQRGHELGRVDILHEUHR
OHVLRQHVSRVWQDWDOHVXRWURVVLJQRVQHXUROyJL
FRVOHYHVIXHUDGHORVOtPLWHVQRUPDOHV
,,,)XQFLRQDOHV
5HQGLPLHQWRVXVWDQFLDOPHQWHPHQRUTXHHO
HVSHUDGRSDUDODHGDGHVFRODULGDGRFLUFXQV
WDQFLDVGHOLQGLYLGXRSXHVWRHQHYLGHQFLDSRU
GpILFLWFRJQLWLYRRLQWHOHFWXDOJOREDOTXHUH
SUHVHQWDDP~OWLSOHVGRPLQLRVRGpILFLWR
UHWUDVRVLJQLILFDWLYRHQHOGHVDUUROORHQORV
QLxRVPiVMyYHQHVFRQUHQGLPLHQWRVSRU
GHEDMRGHOSHUFHQWLORGHVYtRVHVWiQGDU
EDMRODPHGLDSDUDSUXHEDVHVWDQGDUL]DGDV
R
GpILFLWIXQFLRQDOHVSRUGHEDMRGHOSHUFHQWL
ORGHVYtRHVWiQGDUEDMRODPHGLDSDUD
SUXHEDVHVWDQGDUL]DGDVHQDOPHQRVWUHV
GHORVVLJXLHQWHVGRPLQLRV
D GpILFLWRGLVFUHSDQFLDVFRJQLWLYDVRGHO
GHVDUUROOR
E GpILFLWGHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRHMHFXWLYR
F UHWUDVRHQHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRPRWRU
G SUREOHPDVHQODDWHQFLyQRKLSHUDFWLYL
GDG
H KDELOLGDGHVVRFLDOHV
I RWURVWDOHVFRPRSUREOHPDVVHQVRULDOHV
SUREOHPDVHQHOOHQJXDMHSUDJPiWLFR
GpILFLWGHPHPRULDHWF
([SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKRO
, ([SRVLFLyQSUHQDWDODODOFRKROFRQILUPDGD
,, ([SRVLFLyQSUHQDWDODODOFRKROGHVFRQRFLGD
&ULWHULRVSDUDHOGLDJQyVWLFRGH)$6
6HQHFHVLWDQORVWUHVKDOOD]JRVVLJXLHQWHV
'RFXPHQWDFLyQGHODVWUHVDQRPDOtDVIDFLDOHV
VXUFRQDVRODELDOOLVREHUPHOOyQILQR\KHQGL
GXUDVSDOSHEUDOHVFRUWDV
'RFXPHQWDFLyQGHGpILFLWGHOFUHFLPLHQWR\
'RFXPHQWDFLyQGHDQRUPDOLGDGGHO61&
&Ð',*2',$*1Ð67,&2'('Ì*,726
(VWHVLVWHPDGLDJQyVWLFRXWLOL]DXQDHVFDOD
/LNHUWGHJUDGRVGRQGHFRUUHVSRQGHDDX
VHQFLD\DH[SUHVLyQH[WUHPDSDUDFDGDXQDGH
ODVFXDWURSULQFLSDOHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGLDJQyVWLFDV
HOGpILFLWGHFUHFLPLHQWRQLQJXQROHYHPRGH
UDGR\VLJQLILFDWLYR
HOIHQRWLSRIDFLDOGHO)$6DXVHQWHOHYHPR
GHUDGR\JUDYH
HOGDxRRODGLVIXQFLyQGHO61&LPSUREDEOH
SRVLEOHSUREDEOH\GHILQLWLYR\
ODH[SRVLFLyQJHVWDFLRQDODOHWDQROVLQULHVJR
GHVFRQRFLGRDOJ~QULHVJRDOWRULHVJR
(QODFRGLILFDFLyQVHJ~QHORUGHQSUHYLRLQ
YDULDEOHFDGDXQDGHODVFDWHJRUtDVRFXSDQVy
ORXQR\VLHPSUHHOPLVPROXJDUHQHOFyGLJRGH
GtJLWRV$VtHQHVWDHVFDODH[LVWHQILQDOPHQWH
FyGLJRVSRVLEOHVGHGtJLWRVFDGDXQR
GHVGHHODO&DGDXQRGHHVWRVFy
GLJRVVHDJUXSD\FDHGHQWURGHXQDGHFDWH
Y$UFK$UJHQW3HGLDWU$FWXDOL]DFLyQ
JRUtDVGLDJQyVWLFDVGLIHUHQWHVGHQRPLQDGDVFRQ
OHWUDVGHOD$DOD9/DVFDWHJRUtDV(-.3\
49VyORGLILHUHQSRUODH[SRVLFLyQDODOFRKROSRU
ORTXHHVHQFLDOPHQWHKD\VRODPHQWHFDWHJRUtDV
GLDJQyVWLFDV~QLFDVHQFRQWUDVWHFRQODVFDWHJR
UtDVGHOFULWHULRXWLOL]DGRSRUORV&'&3DUDPD
\RUHVGHWDOOHVVREUHHVWHVLVWHPDDOJRHQJRUURVR
VHUHPLWHDOOHFWRUDOWUDEDMRRULJLQDO4XHGDSRU
GHWHUPLQDUODXWLOLGDGFOtQLFDUHDOGHXQVLVWHPD
WDQFRPSOHMR6yORDPRGRGHHMHPSORVHSUHVHQ
WDOD)LJXUD
(VWDJULOODVHXWLOL]DSDUDUHJLVWUDUHO&yGLJR
GLDJQyVWLFRGHGtJLWRVVHJ~QORVOLQHDPLHQWRV
SUHVHQWDGRVSRU$VWOH\\&ODUUHQ8QFyGLJRGH
RHQODFROXPQD&UHFLPLHQWRR&DUDVHGHQR
PLQDFRPR´KDOOD]JRItVLFRFHQWLQHODµFXDGURV
JULVRVFXUR8QFyGLJRGHHQODFROXPQD&HUH
EURHVXQ´WUDVWRUQRQHXURFRQGXFWXDOµFXDGUR
UD\DGRKRUL]RQWDOXQFyGLJRGHRHV´HQFHID
ORSDWtDHVWiWLFDµFXDGURVQHJURV8QFyGLJRGH
RHQODFROXPQDGH$OFRKROHV´H[SXHVWRDODO
FRKROµFXDGURVUD\DGRYHUWLFDO\XQFyGLJRHV
´H[SRVLFLyQDODOFRKROGHVFRQRFLGDµFXDGURJULV
FODUR3RUORWDQWRHOFyGLJRHMHPSOLILFDGR
UHFLELUtDHOQRPEUHGH´KDOOD]JRVFHQWLQHODItVLFRV
HQFHIDORSDWtDHVWiWLFDH[SXHVWRDODOFRKRO
/,1($0,(1726&$1$',(16(6
3$5$(/',$*1Ð67,&2'(/)$6
)$63$5&,$/</26$51'
/RVFULWHULRVSDUDHOGLDJQyVWLFRGHOVtQGURPH
DOFRKyOLFRIHWDOWUDVKDEHUH[FOXLGRRWURVGLDJ
QyVWLFRVVRQ
$ (YLGHQFLDGHXQFRPSURPLVRSUHQDWDORSRVW
QDWDOGHOFUHFLPLHQWRWDOFRPRHQDOPHQRV
GHORVVLJXLHQWHV
D 3HVRRWDOODDOQDFHU”SHUFHQWLORSDUDOD
HGDGJHVWDFLRQDO
E 3HVRRWDOOD”SHUFHQWLORSDUDODHGDG
F 5HODFLyQSHVRWDOODGHVSURSRUFLRQDGDPHQ
WHEDMD”SHUFHQWLOR
% 3UHVHQWDFLyQVLPXOWiQHDGHDOPHQRVGHODV
VLJXLHQWHVDQRPDOtDVIDFLDOHVDFXDOTXLHUHGDG
D +HQGLGXUDSDOSHEUDOFRUWDRPiVGHVYtRV
HVWiQGDUEDMRODPHGLD
E 6XUFRQDVRODELDOOLVRRDSODQDGRSXQWDMH
RHQODJXtDODELRVXUFRQDVRODELDO
F /DELRVXSHULRUGHOJDGRSXQWDMHRHQOD
JXtDODELRVXUFRQDVRODELDO
% (YLGHQFLDGHFRPSURPLVRHQRPiVGHORV
VLJXLHQWHVGRPLQLRVGHOVLVWHPDQHUYLRVRFHQ
WUDOVLJQRVQHXUROyJLFRVOHYHVRJUDYHVHV
WUXFWXUDFHUHEUDOFRJQLFLyQFRPXQLFDFLyQ
ORJURVDFDGpPLFRVPHPRULDIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
HMHFXWLYR\UD]RQDPLHQWRDEVWUDFWRGpILFLWGH
DWHQFLyQKLSHUDFWLYLGDGFRQGXFWDDGDSWDWLYD
KDELOLGDGHVVRFLDOHVFRPXQLFDFLyQVRFLDO
& ([SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKROFRQILUPDGDR
QRFRQILUPDGD
/RVFULWHULRVGLDJQyVWLFRVSDUDHOVtQGURPHDO
FRKyOLFRIHWDOSDUFLDOWUDVKDEHUH[FOXLGRRWURV
GLDJQyVWLFRVVRQ
$ 3UHVHQWDFLyQVLPXOWiQHDGHGHODVVLJXLHQWHV
DQRPDOtDVIDFLDOHVDFXDOTXLHUHGDG
D +HQGLGXUDSDOSHEUDOFRUWDRPiVGHVYtRV
HVWiQGDUEDMRODPHGLD
E 6XUFRQDVRODELDOOLVRRDSODQDGRSXQWDMH
yHQODJXtDODELRVXUFRQDVRODELDO
F /DELRVXSHULRUGHOJDGRSXQWDMHRHQOD
JXtDODELRVXUFRQDVRODELDO
% (YLGHQFLDGHFRPSURPLVRHQyPiVGHORV
VLJXLHQWHVGRPLQLRVGHOVLVWHPDQHUYLRVRFHQ
WUDOVLJQRVQHXUROyJLFRVOHYHVRJUDYHVHV
WUXFWXUDFHUHEUDOFRJQLFLyQFRPXQLFDFLyQ
ORJURVDFDGpPLFRVPHPRULDIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
HMHFXWLYR\UD]RQDPLHQWRDEVWUDFWRGpILFLWGH
DWHQFLyQKLSHUDFWLYLGDGFRQGXFWDDGDSWDWLYD
KDELOLGDGHVVRFLDOHVFRPXQLFDFLyQVRFLDO
& ([SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKROFRQILUPDGD
/RVFULWHULRVGLDJQyVWLFRVSDUDORVWUDVWRUQRVGHO
QHXURGHVDUUROORUHODFLRQDGRVFRQHODOFRKRO
WUDVKDEHUH[FOXLGRRWURVGLDJQyVWLFRVVRQ
$ (YLGHQFLDGHFRPSURPLVRHQRPiVGHORV
VLJXLHQWHVGRPLQLRVGHOVLVWHPDQHUYLRVRFHQ
WUDOVLJQRVQHXUROyJLFRVOHYHVRJUDYHVHV
WUXFWXUDFHUHEUDOFRJQLFLyQFRPXQLFDFLyQ
ORJURVDFDGpPLFRVPHPRULDIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
HMHFXWLYR\UD]RQDPLHQWRDEVWUDFWRGpILFLWGH
)LJXUD*ULOODXWLOL]DGDSDUDUHJLVWUDUHO&yGLJRGLDJQyVWLFRGHGtJLWRV
VLJQLÀFDWLYR
JUDYH
GHÀQLWLYR PRGHUDGR
PRGHUDGR
SUREDEOH OHYH
OHYH
SRVLEOH QLQJXQR
DXVHQWH
LPSUREDEOH 'DxR
FHUHEUDO
;
;
;
;
&UHFLPLHQWR
'pÀFLWGH )HQRWLSRIDFLDO
FUHFLPLHQWR
GHO)$6
&DUD
&HUHEUR
DOWRULHVJR
DOJ~QULHVJR
GHVFRQRFLGR
VLQULHVJR
$OFRKRO
$OFRKRO
SUHQDWDO
&ULWHULRVGLDJQyVWLFRVGHOVtQGURPHDOFRKyOLFRIHWDO\ORVWUDVWRUQRVGHOHVSHFWURGHODOFRKROLVPRIHWDOYL
DWHQFLyQKLSHUDFWLYLGDGFRQGXFWDDGDSWDWLYD
KDELOLGDGHVVRFLDOHVFRPXQLFDFLyQVRFLDO
% ([SRVLFLyQPDWHUQDDODOFRKROFRQILUPDGD
(OWpUPLQRWUDVWRUQRVFRQJpQLWRVUHODFLRQDGRV
FRQHODOFRKRO$5%'QRGHEHUtDXVDUVHFRPRXQ
WpUPLQRGLDJQyVWLFRSDUDJXDVSDUDHOHVSHFWURGH
ORVHIHFWRVGHODOFRKRO/RV$5%'FRQVWLWX\HQXQD
OLVWDGHDQRPDOtDVFRQJpQLWDVTXHLQFOX\HQPDO
IRUPDFLRQHV\GLVSODVLDV\GHEHUtDXViUVHORFRQ
SUHFDXFLyQ
YLL$UFK$UJHQW3HGLDWU$FWXDOL]DFLyQ
$QH[R0DQLIHVWDFLRQHVIHQRWtSLFDVItVLFDVHQHOVtQGURPH
DOFRKyOLFRIHWDO
7DEODFRQIHFFLRQDGDFRQGDWRVWRPDGRVGHODVUHIHUHQFLDV
0DQLIHVWDFLRQHVGHSUHVHQWDFLyQFOtQLFD
*UXSRGHDQRPDOtDV
)UHFXHQWH
,QIUHFXHQWH
3UHQDWDOHV\SHULQDWDOHV
5HWUDVRGHOFUHFLPLHQWRLQWUDXWHULQREDMR
SHVRSDUDODHGDGJHVWDFLRQDO\EDMRSHVR
DOQDFHU
&UDQHRIDFLDOHV
GLVPRUÀVPRIDFLDO
0LFURFHIDOLDSWRVLVSDOSHEUDOHVWUDELVPR
KLSHUWHORULVPRSOLHJXHHSLFDQWRSXHQWH
QDVDOSODQRVXUFRQDVRODELDODXVHQWHR
KLSRSOiVLFRURWDFLyQSRVWHULRUGHODVRUHMDV
ERUGHVSDODWLQRVODWHUDOHVSURPLQHQWHV
0LRStDPLFURIWDOPtDFOtQLFDEOHIDURÀPRVLV
SDEHOORQHVDXULFXODUHVPDOIRUPDGRVODELROHSRULQR
\RSDODGDUKHQGLGRGLHQWHVSHTXHxRVFRQHVPDOWH
GHIHFWXRVR
&DUGtDFDV
6RSORVHVSHFLDOPHQWHGXUDQWHODSULPHUD
LQIDQFLDFRPXQLFDFLyQLQWHUDXULFXODU
&,$
&RPXQLFDFLyQLQWHUYHQWULFXODU&,9DQRPDOtDVGHORV
JUDQGHVYDVRVWHWUDORJtDGH)DOORW
+LSRSODVLDVODELDOHV
+LSRVSDGLDVULxRQHVKLSRSOiVLFRVURWDGRV
KLGURQHIURVLV
5HQRJHQLWDOHV
&XWiQHDV
+HPDQJLRPDVFDSLODUHVSOLHJXHVSDOPDUHV +LUVXWLVPRHQODLQIDQFLDKLSRSODVLDXQJXHDO
DEHUUDQWHV
HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQHOPHxLTXH
3HFWXVH[FDYDWXP
(VTXHOpWLFDV
5HGXFFLyQGHODPRYLOLGDGDUWLFXODUHVSHFLDOPHQWHGH
ORVGHGRV\FRGRVSROLGDFWLOLDVLQGDFWLOLDVLQRVWRVLV
UDGLRFXELWDOSHFWXVFDULQDWXPDSyÀVLV[LIRLGHVEtÀGD
OX[DFLyQFRQJpQLWDGHFDGHUDGHIRUPLGDGHVHQÁH[LyQ
GHORVGHGRVDQRPDOtDGH.OLSSHO)HLOHVFROLRVLV
0XVFXODUHV
+HUQLDVGLDIUDJPiWLFDVXPELOLFDOHVRLQJXLQDOHV
GLDVWDVLVGHOUHFWRDQWHULRUGHODEGRPHQ
&ULWHULRVGLDJQyVWLFRVGHOVtQGURPHDOFRKyOLFRIHWDO\ORVWUDVWRUQRVGHOHVSHFWURGHODOFRKROLVPRIHWDOYLLL
$QH[R(OWUDJR´HVWiQGDUµ
/DSDODEUD´WUDJRHVWiQGDUµHQODELEOLRJUDItD
DQJORVDMRQDVREUHHO)$6VHGHILQHFRPR´RQ
]DVIOXLGDVGHFHUYH]DRGHYLQRRGHEHEL
GDVGHVWLODGDVGHXQDJUDGXDFLyQDOFRKyOLFDGH
žµ(QHOVLVWHPDPpWULFRGHFLPDOXQDRQ]D
IOXLGDHTXLYDOHDPOSRUORWDQWRXQWUDJR
GHFHUYH]DVRQð PODSUR[L
PDGDPHQWHHOFRQWHQLGRGHXQDODWDFRP~QXQ
WUDJRGHYLQRHTXLYDOHDPODOJRDVtFRPR
PHGLRYDVR\XQRGHEHELGDGHVWLODGDDPO
(QFRQVHFXHQFLDWUDJRVFX\RFRQVXPRHQXQD
VRODRFDVLyQGHILQHQDOSDWUyQGHLQJHVWDDJXGD
´HQSDUUDQGDµR´ELQJHOLNHµHTXLYDOHQDRQ
]DVIOXLGDVð POGHFHUYH]DR
RQ]DVIOXLGDVGHYLQRHVGHFLUðPO POFDVLXQDERWHOODFRP~QGHYLQRGHöOL
WURRRQ]DVGHGHVWLODGDVð PO6LQHPEDUJRQRWRGDVODVFHUYH]DVQLORV
YLQRVQLODVEHELGDVGHVWLODGDVWLHQHQHOPLVPR
FRQWHQLGRDOFRKyOLFRSRUORTXHODV´RQ]DVIOXL
GDVµYDUtDQHQFRQWHQLGRDOFRKyOLFRVHJ~QHOWLSR
GHEHELGDTXHVHFRQVLGHUH3RUORWDQWRHOFiOFXOR
GHOHWDQROFRQVXPLGRHQGHWHUPLQDGDRFDVLyQHQ
IXQFLyQGHODVRQ]DVIOXLGDVQRHVGHORPiVVHJX
URQLPXFKRPHQRVH[DFWR&RQODILQDOLGDGGH
KDEODUWRGRVHOPLVPRLGLRPDHVSUHIHULEOHSUH
JXQWDUOHDOSDFLHQWHTXpWLSR\FDQWLGDGGLDULDGH
EHELGDWRPDDYHULJXDUVXJUDGXDFLyQDOFRKyOLFD
\FDOFXODUODLQJHVWLyQGLDULDHQJNJWHQLHQGRHQ
FXHQWDTXHPOGHHWDQROSXURSHVDJ$Vt
SRUHMHPSORXQDPXMHUTXHEHEHOLWURGHZKLVN\
GHžSRUGtD\TXHSHVDNJHVWDUiLQJLULHQGR
POð POðJPO J¸
NJ JNJG
L[$UFK$UJHQW3HGLDWU$FWXDOL]DFLyQ
),*85$6$.&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVIDFLDOHVGHORVQLxRVDIHFWDGRVSRUHO)$6
$1HRQDWRGHXQGtDGHHGDGQyWHVHHOPDUFDGRKLUVXWLVPRHO
ODELRVXSHULRUGHOJDGRODDXVHQFLDGHOVXUFRQDVRODELDO\ODQDUL]
GHUDt]DSODQDGDFDVLHQVLOODGHPRQWDUYLVLEOHHQHOSHUÀO
%1LxRVGHDxRV\PHVHVGHHGDG\GHDxRV\PHVHV
&3DFLHQWHVGH\GHDxRVGHHGDGUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHQyWHVH
FyPRDSHVDUGHKDEHUOOHJDGRDODDGROHVFHQFLDHOSDFLHQWHGHOD
L]TXLHUGDD~QSUHVHQWDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVIDFLDOHVWtSLFDVGHO)$6
'1LxRVGHUD]DVFDXFiVLFDQDWLYDHVWDGRXQLGHQVHQHJUD\
PHVWL]D
()UDQoRLVDxRV\-RVHSKDxRVGRVKLMRV´GHSDGUHV
DOFRKyOLFRVµDPERVGpELOHVPHQWDOHVSRVLEOHPHQWHHOSULPHU
UHJLVWURJUiÀFRGHSDFLHQWHVDIHFWDGRVSRUHO)$6VHJ~QXQD
OLWRJUDItDGHO7UDWDGRGH0RUHOGH
)JXtDODELRVXUFRQDVRODELDOORVJUDGRV\FRUUHVSRQGHQDO
)$6ÀODVXSHULRUHQGLEXMRVÀODPHGLDSDUDODUD]DEODQFD\ÀOD
LQIHULRUSDUDODUD]DQHJUD
&ULWHULRVGLDJQyVWLFRVGHOVtQGURPHDOFRKyOLFRIHWDO\ORVWUDVWRUQRVGHOHVSHFWURGHODOFRKROLVPRIHWDO[
+)RUPDGHPHGLUODORQJLWXGGHODKHQGLGXUDSDOSHEUDOGHVGHHO
iQJXORH[RFDQWRH[DOHQGRFDQWRHQ
*0DOIRUPDFLyQDXULFXODUHQYtDVGHIHUURFDUULOUDLOURDGWUDFNHDU
,'LEXMRGHXQDPDQRFRQFOLQRGDFWLOLDGHOPHxLTXH\SOLHJXH
SDOPDUHQSDORGHKRFNH\KRFNH\VWLFN
..0QLxDGHDxRVGHHGDGDIHFWDGDGH)$6XQRGHORV
SULPHURVFDVRVGRFXPHQWDGRVHQQXHVWURSDtVHQHO+RVSLWDO
GH1LxRV6RU0DUtD/XGRYLFDGH/D3ODWD7RGDVODVÀJXUDV
UHSURGXFLGDVFRQSHUPLVRGHODVUHIHUHQFLDV$%&
'),(*\.
-&DEH]DGHUDWDIHWDOQRUPDOVRPHWLGDD$0)QyWHQVHOD
PLFURFHIDOLDODPLFURIWDOPtD\ODVDOWHUDFLRQHVODELDOHV\QLxR
PLFURFHIiOLFR