Ataque de factorización a RSA

$WDTXH
GHIDFWRUL]DFLyQD56$
3UiFWLFD
'DQLHO/HUFK+RVWDORW
*UDGRGHGL¿FXOWDG
56$HVVLQOXJDUDGXGDVHOFULSWRVLVWHPDGHFODYHS~EOLFD
PiVXWLOL]DGRHQODDFWXDOLGDGKDELHQGRUHVLVWLGRDOHVFUXWLQLR
GHORVFULSWRDQDOLVWDVGXUDQWHPiVGHXQFXDUWRGHVLJOR(VWH
SRSXODUDOJRULWPREDVDVXVHJXULGDGHQODGL¿FXOWDGTXHVXSRQH
IDFWRUL]DUQ~PHURVJUDQGHVFRQVLGHUDQGRFRPRJUDQGHVORV
Q~PHURVGHPiVGHGtJLWRVGHFLPDOHV
$
GLIHUHQFLDGHODFULSWRJUDItDGHFODYHSUL
YDGD GRQGH VH XWLOL]D XQD ~QLFD FODYH
SDUD FLIUDU \ GHVFLIUDU PHQVDMHV HQ OD
FULSWRJUDItD GH FODYH S~EOLFD VH XWLOL]DQ GRV FOD
YHV(VWDVGRVFODYHVVRQFRQRFLGDVFRPRFODYH
S~EOLFD\FODYHSULYDGD3DUDUHDOL]DUXQDFRPX
QLFDFLyQFLIUDGDXQXVXDULRGHEHGLVSRQHUGHXQ
SDUGHFODYHV0LHQWUDVTXHODFODYHSULYDGDGHEH
UiSHUPDQHFHUVHFUHWDODFODYHS~EOLFDFRPRVX
QRPEUHLQGLFDHVWDUiDGLVSRVLFLyQGHFXDOTXLHUD
TXH GHVHH HQYLDU PHQVDMHV FLIUDGRV DO PHQFLR
QDGRXVXDULR3XHVXQPHQVDMHFLIUDGRFRQXQD
FODYH S~EOLFD ~QLFDPHQWH SRGUi VHU GHVFLIUDGR
FRQVXFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHFODYHSULYDGD3DUDFRQ
VHJXLUHVWDFXULRVDFXDOLGDGHVQHFHVDULRUHFXUULU
DFLHUWRVSUREOHPDVPDWHPiWLFRVTXHORSHUPLWHQ
(QHOFDVRGH56$VHUHFXUUHDOSUREOHPDGHOD
IDFWRUL]DFLyQGHQ~PHURVJUDQGHV
(O QDFLPLHQWR GH OD FULSWRJUDItD GH FODYH
S~EOLFDVHSURGXMRHQFRQODSXEOLFDFLyQ
SRU SDUWH GH 'LI¿H \ +HOOPDQ GH XQ SURWRFROR
TXH SHUPLWtD LQWHUFDPELDU FLHUWD LQIRUPDFLyQ
VREUHXQFDQDOLQVHJXUR
3RFR GHVSXpV HQ 5LYHVW 6KDPLU \
$GOHPDQ SURSRQtDQ HO FULSWRVLVWHPD 56$ HO
FULSWRVLVWHPD GH FODYH S~EOLFD PiV XVDGR HQ
ODDFWXDOLGDG
(Q VH KLFLHURQ S~EOLFRV FLHUWRV GR
FXPHQWRV HQ ORV TXH VH GHPRVWUDED TXH HQ
ORVFULSWyJUDIRVGHO*UXSRGH6HJXULGDG
GH &RPXQLFDFLRQHV (OHFWUyQLFDV &(6* GHO
JRELHUQR EULWiQLFR \D GLVSRQtDQ GH FRQRFL
PLHQWRVVREUHHVWHWLSRGHFULSWRJUDItD
(OFULSWRVLVWHPD56$
&RPR \D VH KD FRPHQWDGR OD VHJXULGDG GH
56$ UHVLGH HQ OD GL¿FXOWDG FRPSXWDFLRQDO
(QHVWHDUWtFXORDSUHQGHUiV
‡ FyPRIXQFLRQD56$\FyPRVHUHDOL]DQDWDTXHV
GHIDFWRUL]DFLyQ
‡ FyPRVHXVDQODVFODYHV56$\HOSURFHGLPLHQ
WR GH DWDTXH SDUD REWHQHU OD FODYH SULYDGD D
SDUWLUGHODS~EOLFDFRQVLJXLHQGRDVtGHVFLIUDU
HOPHQVDMH
/RTXHGHEHUtDVVDEHU
‡ FLHUWDEDVHPDWHPiWLFD
‡ FRQRFLPLHQWRVGHSURJUDPDFLyQHQ&
‡ ORV HMHPSORV KDQ VLGR GHVDUUROODGRV \ SURED
GRVHQXQVLVWHPD*18/LQX[
ZZZKDNLQRUJ
$WDTXHGHIDFWRUL]DFLyQD56$
&RQFHSWRV0DWHPiWLFRV
'LYLVRUR)DFWRU
8QQ~PHURHQWHUR D HVGLYLVRURIDFWRUGH E FXDQGRH[LVWHRWURHQWHUR F TXHFXPSOH
E D – F (MHPSOR – 1~PHURVSULPRV\1~PHURVFRPSXHVWRV
8QQ~PHURHQWHURHVSULPRVLVRORHVGLYLVLEOHSRUXQR\SRUVtPLVPR8QQ~PHUR
HQWHURHVFRPSXHVWRVLQRHVSULPR
(MHPSOR – HVXQQ~PHURFRPSXHVWR\VRQQ~PHURVSULPRV
)DFWRUL]DFLyQ
6HFRQRFHFRPRIDFWRUL]DFLyQGHXQQ~PHURHQWHUR Q HOSURFHVRGHGHVFRPSR
L
QHUORHQVXVIDFWRUHVSULPRV Q SH – S H ––– SLH GRQGH SL VRQQ~PHURVSULPRVL HL
VRQHQWHURVSRVLWLYRV
(MHPSORTXHGDIDFWRUL]DGRFRPR – – 0yGXOR
6H FRQRFH FRPR PyGXOR \ VH UHSUHVHQWD FRPR D PRG E DO UHVWR GH OD GLYLVLyQ
HQWHUDGH D HQWUH E (MHPSOR PRG PRG PRG PRG D\EVRQFRQJUXHQWHVPyGXORQ E y D PRG Q VLVXGLIHUHQFLDDEHVXQP~OWLSOR
GHQ
0i[LPR&RP~Q'LYLVRU
/ODPDPRV0i[LPR&RP~Q'LYLVRUGHGRVQ~PHURVHQWHURV D \ E UHSUHVHQWDGR
FRPR PFG D E DOPD\RUQ~PHURHQWHURGLYLVRUGH D \GH E (MHPSOR PFG PFG – – – $OJRULWPRGH(XFOLGHV
(ODOJRULWPRGH(XFOLGHVFDOFXODHO0i[LPR&RP~Q'LYLVRUGHGRVQ~PHURVEDViQ
GRVHHQTXH PFG D E PFG E U GRQGH D E VRQHQWHURV\ U UHVWRGHODGLYLVLyQ
HQWUH D \ E
(MHPSOR PFG PRG m PFG PFG PRG m PFG PFG PRG m PFG ,QGLFDGRUGH(XOHU7RWLHQW
'DGR Q r FRQRFHPRVFRPR & Q HOQ~PHURGHHQWHURVHQHOLQWHUYDOR ; Q = TXH
VRQSULPRVFRQ Q 3DUD Q S – T & Q S T 'RVQ~PHURVHQWHURV D \ E
VRQSULPRVHQWUHVtRFRSULPRVVL PFG D E TXH VXSRQH OD IDFWRUL]DFLyQ GH
Q~PHURV JUDQGHV )DFWRUL]DU XQ
Q~PHUR FRQVLVWH HQ HQFRQWUDU ORV
Q~PHURV SULPRV IDFWRUHV TXH
PXOWLSOLFDGRV GDQ FRPR UHVXOWDGR
GLFKR Q~PHUR 'H PDQHUD TXH VL
SRU HMHPSOR TXHUHPRV IDFWRUL]DU
HO Q~PHUR REWHQGUHPRV FRPR
UHVXOWDGR ÂÂ /D IRUPD VHQFLOOD
GH HQFRQWUDU ORV IDFWRUHV GH XQ
Q~PHUR Q FRQVLVWH HQ LU GLYLGLHQGR
SRUWRGRVORVQ~PHURVSULPRVLQIH
ULRUHVDQ(VWHSURFHGLPLHQWRDXQ
TXH VHQFLOOR HV H[WUHPDGDPHQWH
OHQWR FXDQGR VH WUDWD GH IDFWRUL]DU
Q~PHURVJUDQGHV
5HDOLFHPRV DOJXQRV FiOFXORV
VHQFLOORV SDUD KDFHUQRV XQD LGHD
8QD FODYH GH ELWV FRPR OD
TXH URPSHUHPRV HQ XQ HMHPSOR
SRVWHULRU WLHQH XQRV GtJLWRV GH
FLPDOHV DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH 'DGR TXH HQ ODV FODYHV 56$ HVWH
Q~PHURVXHOHWHQHU~QLFDPHQWHGRV
IDFWRUHV SULPRV FDGD XQR GH HOORV
WHQGUi PiV R PHQRV GtJLWRV
(VWR VLJQL¿FD TXH SDUD IDFWRUL]DU
HO Q~PHUR WHQGUtDPRV TXH GLYLGLU
SRUWRGRVORVQ~PHURVSULPRVGH
GtJLWRVRPHQRV6XSRQLHQGR
TXH VROR HO GH ORV Q~PHURV
VRQSULPRVWHQGUtDPRVTXHUHDOL]DU
ZZZKDNLQRUJ
XQDV GLYLVLRQHV ,PDJLQHPRV
TXHGLVSRQHPRVGHXQVLVWHPDFD
SD]GHUHDOL]DUGLYLVLRQHV SRU
VHJXQGR(QHVWHFDVRWDUGDUtDPRV
VHJXQGRVHQURPSHUODFODYH
HV GHFLU PiV GH PLOORQHV GH
DxRV 8Q PLOOyQ GH YHFHV OD HGDG
GHO XQLYHUVR 3RU VXHUWH QRVRWURV
WDUGDUHPRVXQSRFRPHQRV
9HDPRV FRPR IXQFLRQD 56$
(PSHFHPRV JHQHUDQGR OD FODYH
S~EOLFD \ OD FODYH SULYDGD HQ HO
FXDGUR &RQFHSWRV 0DWHPiWLFRV HV
WiQ GLVSRQLEOHV DOJXQRV FRQFHSWRV
PDWHPiWLFRV GH LQWHUpV 3DUD HVWH
SURSyVLWR HV QHFHVDULR VHJXLU ORV
VLJXLHQWHVSDVRV
3DVR
(OHJLUHPRV DOHDWRULDPHQWH GRV
Q~PHURVSULPRVS\T\ORVPXOWLSOL
FDUHPRV REWHQLHQGR Q Q S – T 6L
HOHJLPRV SRU HMHPSOR S \ T REWHQHPRV Q 3DVR
&DOFXODUHPRV HO LQGLFDGRU GH (XOHU
7RWLHQW FRQ OD VLJXLHQWH IyUPXOD
& Q & S – T S – T (QQXHVWUR
HMHPSORREWHQHPRV & Q 3DVR
%XVFDUHPRV XQ H[SRQHQWH GH FLIUD
GR SRVWHULRUPHQWH OR XWLOL]DUHPRV
SDUD FLIUDU DO TXH OODPDUHPRV H (O
H[SRQHQWH GH FLIUDGR GHEH FXPSOLU
PFG H & Q SRU OR TXH QRV VHUYL
UtD SRU HMHPSOR H GDGR TXH QR
GLVSRQH GH QLQJ~Q IDFWRU FRP~Q FRQ
IDFWRUHV\
3DVR
&DOFXODPRVXQH[SRQHQWHGHGHVFL
IUDGRDOTXHOODPDUHPRVGSRVWHULRU
PHQWHORXWLOL]DUHPRVSDUDGHVFLIUDU
(O H[SRQHQWH GH GHVFLIUDGR GHEH
YHUL¿FDU G & Q GH PDQHUD TXH
H – G y PRG & Q /RTXHVLJQL¿FDTXH
GFRUUHVSRQGHUiDXQQ~PHURHQWUH
\ TXH DO PXOWLSOLFDUOR SRU \
GLYLGLUORSRUGHUHVWR3RUORTXH
GSXHGHVHU
/DVFODYHV
/DFODYHS~EOLFDGHOXVXDULRFRUUHV
SRQGHDODSDUHMDQHHQQXHVWUR
HMHPSORPLHQWUDVTXHVXFODYH
3UiFWLFD
SULYDGDHVGHVGHFLU/yJLFDPHQWH
ORVQ~PHURVSTL & Q GHEHUiQSHU
PDQHFHUHQVHFUHWR
(OGHVFLIUDGR
/OHJDGRV D HVWH SXQWR VROR HV
QHFHVDULR FLIUDU FRQ & 0 H PRG Q \ GHVFLIUDU FRQ 0 &G PRG Q 6L
FRQVLGHUDPRV TXH QXHVWUR PHQ
VDMH HV 0 HO FLIUDGR FRUUHV
SRQGHUtD D & PRG 3DUD
GHVFLIUDUVRORWHQGUtDPRVTXHDSOLFDU
0 PRG &RPRVHFRPHQWDEDDOSULQFLSLR
\ SXHGH YHUVH HQ HO SURFHGLPLHQWR
DQWHULRU OD VHJXULGDG GHO FULSWRVLV
WHPD UHVLGH HQ Q (V GHFLU VL XQ
DWDFDQWHFRQDFFHVRDODFODYHS~EOL
FDFRQVLJXHIDFWRUL]DUQREWHQLHQGR
S \ T QR WLHQH PiV TXH XWLOL]DU ODV
IyUPXODV DQWHULRUHV SDUD REWHQHU OD
FODYHSULYDGD
7KH56$)DFWRULQJ
&KDOOHQJH
7KH 56$ )DFWRULQJ &KDOOHQJH HV
XQDFRPSHWLFLyQ¿QDQFLDGDSRU56$
/DERUDWRULHV HQ OD TXH VH RIUHFHQ
VXFXOHQWRV SUHPLRV DO TXH FRQVLJD
IDFWRUL]DU FLHUWRV Q~PHURV JUDQGHV
eVWR OHV SHUPLWH FRQRFHU HO HVWDGR
GHO DUWH GH ORV VLVWHPDV GH IDFWR
UL]DFLyQ FRQRFLHQGR DVt FXiO HV HO
WDPDxR GH FODYH DGHFXDGR SDUD
PDQWHQHU56$VHJXUR
/LVWDGR3DVDUGH
+H[DGHFLPDOD'HFLPDO
LQFOXGHVWGLRK!
LQFOXGHRSHQVVOEQK!
LQWPDLQLQWDUJFFKDUDUJY
^
%,*180Q %1BQHZ
LIDUJF ^
SULQWIVKH[!?Q
DUJY>@
UHWXUQ
`
LI%1BKH[EQQDUJY>@
^
SULQWIHUURU
%1BKH[EQ
UHWXUQ
`
SULQWIV?Q%1BEQGHFQ
%1BIUHHQ
`
(Q HO PRPHQWR GH HVFULELU HVWH
DUWtFXOR HO UpFRUG GH IDFWRUL]DFLyQ
HV HO 56$ XQ Q~PHUR GH GtJLWRV TXH IXH IDFWRUL]DGR HO GH
QRYLHPEUH GHO SRU ) %DKU HW
DO (O SUy[LPR UHWR HV HO 56$
SUHPLDGRFRQ
6LQ GXGD 7KH 56$ )DFWRULQJ
&KDOOHQJHHVXQDPX\EXHQDIRUPD
GH FRQRFHU HO HVWDGR DFWXDO GH ORV
VLVWHPDVGHIDFWRUL]DFLyQ
(QHOFXDGUR7KH56$)DFWRULQJ
&KDOOHQJH SXHGHV YHU ORV GHVDItRV
SURSXHVWRVDFWXDOPHQWH
$WDTXHGHIDFWRUL]DFLyQ
(Q ORV VLJXLHQWHV DSDUWDGRV VH UHD
OL]DUi XQ DWDTXH GH HMHPSOR D XQD
FODYH56$3DUDDJLOL]DUORVFiOFXORV
VH XWLOL]DUi XQD FODYH EDVWDQWH PiV
SHTXHxD GH OR QRUPDO IDFLOLWDQGR
DVt VX IDFWRUL]DFLyQ $XQTXH QR VH
WUDWDGHXQHMHPSORUHDOQRVVHUYLUi
SDUDYHUFyPRVHUHDOL]DXQDWDTXH
FRPSOHWR
3ULPHUR SUHSDUDUHPRV XQ HQ
WRUQR GH WUDEDMR FRQ OD KHUUDPLHQWD
2SHQ66/JHQHUDQGRODVFODYHVQH
FHVDULDV\FLIUDQGRXQPHQVDMHTXH
XWLOL]DUHPRV FRPR REMHWLYR GH DWD
TXH $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ IDFWRUL]DUHPRV
HOPyGXORQ\REWHQGUHPRVODFODYH
SULYDGD GHVFLIUDQGR ¿QDOPHQWH HO
PHQVDMH
2SHQ66/\56$
2SHQ66/HVXQDKHUUDPLHQWDFULS
WRJUi¿FD PX\ ~WLO GH IXHQWH DELHU
WD (Q OD VHFFLyQ GH UHIHUHQFLDV
HQFRQWUDUiV GyQGH GHVFDUJDUOD
DXQTXH OD PD\RUtD GH GVLWULEXFLR
QHV *18/LQX[ OD OOHYDQ LQVWDODGD
SRUGHIHFWR
(Q HVWD VHFFLyQ OD XWLOL]DUHPRV
SDUDFRQ¿JXUDUXQHQWRUQRGHSUXH
EDV VREUH HO FXDO UHDOL]DUHPRV HO
DWDTXH
(O SULPHU SDVR FRQVLVWH HQ JH
QHUDU XQ SDU GH FODYHV SDUD FLIUDU \
GHVFLIUDU *HQHUDUHPRV FODYHV GH
ELWVGHPDVLDGRSHTXHxDVSDUD
PDQWHQHU VXV FRPXQLFDFLRQHV VH
JXUDVSHURVX¿FLHQWHVSDUDQXHVWUR
HMHUFLFLR
*HQHUDPRV HO SDU GH FODYHV
PDQWHQLHQGR HQ VHFUHWR QXHVWUD
FODYHSULYDGD
ZZZKDNLQRUJ
*HQHUDUXQSDUGHFODYHV56$
GHELWV
RSHQVVOJHQUVDRXWUVDBSULYNH\
SHP
FDWUVDBSULYNH\SHP
%(*,156$35,9$7(.(<
0,*T$J($$L($GET]*5W
TLQF;[\MM=002,G'97D7
FTDDP'L0&$Z($$4,K
$0Y7R;DU[)PU9/U556Y.
:7V4&:OZ]W=2S$K(
$MJ(NIDO)+6
,3.'Z,5$11P0+$)%M]
0$;++;*8&(*5S5=Q*P9N
Z6OU7JTM=X&($Y&45
\5[W]&*1TF<R&('(:PYR]
0<</&R]JI98
(1'56$35,9$7(.(<
$ FRQWLQXDFLyQ JXDUGDPRV OD FODYH
S~EOLFDHQXQ¿FKHUReVWDHVODTXH
SXEOLFDUtDPRV SDUD TXH FXDOTXLHUD
SXGLHVH HQYLDUQRV PHQVDMHV FLIUD
GRV
*XDUGDODFODYHSXEOLFDHQ
XQ¿FKHUR
RSHQVVOUVDLQUVDBSULYNH\SHP
SXERXWRXWUVDBSXENH\SHP
FDWUVDBSXENH\SHP
%(*,138%/,&.(<
0'ZZ'4<-.R=,KYF1$4(%%4$
'.Z$Z.$,K$1XQ:V[NEGD
RS)FX,7''L+IZ8
*N.Y*PSJM$J0%$$(
(1'38%/,&.(<
*HQHUDGRHOSDUGHFODYHV\DSRGH
PRVFLIUDU\GHVFLIUDU7UDEDMDUHPRV
FRQHOVLJXLHQWHPHQVDMHHQFODUR
HFKR&XDUHQWD\GRV!SODLQW[W
(VWH PHQVDMH SXHGH VHU FLIUDGR GH
IRUPD VHQFLOOD FRQ HO VLJXLHQWH FR
PDQGR\ODFODYHS~EOLFD
RSHQVVOUVDXWOHQFU\SWSXELQ
LQNH\UVDBSXENH\SHP?
LQSODLQW[WRXWFLSKHUW[W
3DUD GHVFLIUDU XWLOL]DUHPRV OD FODYH
SULYDGD
RSHQVVOUVDXWOGHFU\SWLQNH\
UVDBSULYNH\SHPLQFLSKHUW[W
&XDUHQWD\GRV
3UiFWLFD
9LVWR FRPR XWLOL]DU 2SHQ66/ FRQ
56$\FRQRFLHQGRODQHFHVLGDGGH
GLVSRQHU GH OD FODYH SULYDGD SDUD
GHVFLIUDU ORV PHQVDMHV QXHVWUR
REMHWLYR D FRQWLQXDFLyQ VHUi REWH
QHU GLFKD FODYH SULYDGD VLQ WHQHU
DFFHVR D OD RULJLQDO (V GHFLU RE
WHQHU OD FODYH SULYDGD D SDUWLU GH
OD FODYH S~EOLFD 3DUD SRGHU KDFHU
HVWRORSULPHURTXHQHFHVLWDPRVHV
REWHQHUHOPyGXORQ\HOH[SRQHQWH
GHFLIUDGR(VWRQRVORSURSRUFLRQD
HO VLJXLHQWH FRPDQGR \ OD FODYH
S~EOLFD
/LVWDGR&ODYHSULYDGD
LQFOXGHVWGLRK!
LQFOXGHRSHQVVOEQK!
LQFOXGHRSHQVVOUVDK!
LQFOXGHRSHQVVOHQJLQHK!
LQFOXGHRSHQVVOSHPK!
LQWPDLQLQWDUJFFKDUDUJY
^
56$NH\SDLU 56$BQHZ
%1B&7;FW[ %1B&7;BQHZ
%1B&7;BVWDUWFW[
%,*180Q %1BQHZ
%,*180G %1BQHZ
%,*180H %1BQHZ
%,*180S %1BQHZ
%,*180T %1BQHZ
%,*180GPS %1BQHZ
%,*180GPT %1BQHZ
%,*180LTPS %1BQHZ
%,*180U %1B&7;BJHWFW[
%,*180U %1B&7;BJHWFW[
%,*180U %1B&7;BJHWFW[
%,*180U %1B&7;BJHWFW[
LIDUJF ^
SULQWIV>S@>T@>H[S@?QDUJY>@
UHWXUQ
`
%1BGHFEQSDUJY>@
%1BGHFEQTDUJY>@
%1BGHFEQHDUJY>@
LI%1BFPSST^
%,*180WPS S
S T
T WPS
`
&DOFXODPRVQ
%1BPXOQSTFW[
&DOFXODPRVG
%1BVXEUS%1BYDOXHBRQHS
%1BVXEUT%1BYDOXHBRQHT
%1BPXOUUUFW[ST
%1BPRGBLQYHUVHGHUFW[G
&DOFXODPRVGPRGS
%1BPRGGPSGUFW[
&DOFXODPRVGPRGT
%1BPRGGPTGUFW[
&DOFXODPRVHOLQYHUVRGHTPRGS
%1BPRGBLQYHUVHLTPSTSFW[
&ODYHV56$
NH\SDLU!Q Q
NH\SDLU!G G
NH\SDLU!H H
NH\SDLU!S S
NH\SDLU!T T
NH\SDLU!GPT GPT
NH\SDLU!GPS GPS
NH\SDLU!LTPS LTPS
3(0BZULWHB56$3ULYDWH.H\VWGRXWNH\SDLU
18//18//18//18//
%1B&7;BHQGFW[
%1B&7;BIUHHFW[
56$BIUHHNH\SDLU
UHWXUQ
`
RSHQVVOUVDLQUVDBSXENH\SHP
SXELQWH[WPRGXOXV
0RGXOXVELW
GEDEDEEG
DDFH
GFIGIF
DID
DH
([SRQHQW[
0RGXOXV '%$%$%%'
$$&('&
)')&$)$$(
ZULWLQJ56$NH\
%(*,138%/,&.(<
0'ZZ'4<-.R=,KYF1$4(%%4$'
.Z$Z.$,K$1XQ:V[NEGDRS
)FX,7''L+IZ8
*N.Y*PSJM$J0%$$(
(1'38%/,&.(<
(O PyGXOR HVWi UHSUHVHQWDGR HQ
KH[DGHFLPDO3DUDSDVDUORDGHFLPDO
SXHGHV XWLOL]DU HO SURJUDPD OLVWDGR
HQHO/LVWDGR
JFFKH[GHFFOVVO
DRXW'%$%$%%'$
$&('&
)')&$)$$(
2EWHQLGR HO PyGXOR HQ GHFLPDO HO
VLJXLHQWH SDVR FRQVLVWH HQ IDFWRUL
]DUOR
)DFWRUL]DFLyQGHO
PyGXORQ
'DGR TXH HO Q~PHUR TXH YDPRV
D IDFWRUL]DU QR HV H[FHVLYDPHQWH
JUDQGH UHVXOWD PiV UiSLGR DSOLFDU
ZZZKDNLQRUJ
$WDTXHGHIDFWRUL]DFLyQD56$
HO DOJRULWPR GH IDFWRUL]DFLyQ 46
(VWHDOJRULWPRORLPSOHPHQWDPVLH
YHSURJUDPDTXHSXHGHVGHVFDUJDU
D SDUWLU GH OD WDEOD GH UHIHUHQFLDV
PVLHYH OOHYD OD GRFXPHQWDFLyQ QH
FHVDULD SDUD LQVWDODUOR \ XWLOL]DUOR
DXQTXH QR UHVXOWD QDGD FRPSOL
FDGR 3XHV EDVWD FRQ HO VLJXLHQWH
FRPDQGR SDUD IDFWRUL]DU HO Q~PHUR
SURSXHVWR
PVLHYHY
8QRUGHQDGRUDFWXDOSXHGHIDFWRUL]DU
HVWH Q~PHUR HQ XQRV GLH] PLQXWRV
PiV R PHQRV HQ IXQFLyQ GHO KDUG
ZDUH(OUHVXOWDGRHVHOVLJXLHQWH
IDFWRU
IDFWRU
(QHVWHSXQWRIDFWRUL]DGRHOPyGXOR
Q \ FRQ HO H[SRQHQHWH GH FLIUDGR
REWHQLGR HQ HO DSDUWDGR DQ
WHULRU \D WHQHPRV WRGRV ORV GDWRV
QHFHVDULRV SDUD REWHQHU OD FODYH
SULYDGD
2EWHQFLyQGHODFODYH
SULYDGD\GHVFLIUDGRGHO
PHQVDMH
'DGD OD GL¿FXOWDG GHO SURFHVR XWL
OL]DQGR KHUUDPLHQWDV FRPXQHV
GHVDUUROODUHPRVXQSURJUDPDTXHOR
KDJD SRU QRVRWURV (QFRQWUDUiV ODV
IXHQWHVHQ/LVWDGR
3DUD UHDOL]DU ORV FiOFXORV VH KD
XWLOL]DGR OD OLEUHUtD 2SHQ66/ /DV
YDULDEOHV%,*180VRQODVXWLOL]DGDV
SRU HVWD OLEUHUtD SDUD WUDEDMDU FRQ
Q~PHURV JUDQGHV eVWDV WLHQHQ XQD
$3,SURSLDSDUDUHDOL]DURSHUDFLRQHV
FRPR VXPDV UHVWDV RSHUDFLRQHV
PRGXODUHVHWF
(O SURJUDPD GH HMHPSOR HP
SLH]D FRORFDQGR HQ YDULDEOHV
%,*180ORVSDUiPHWURVST\H$
FRQWLQXDFLyQVLVHREVHUYDHOFyGL
JRFRQGHWHQLPLHQWR\FRQODD\XGD
GHORVFRPHQWDULRVSXHGHYHUVHHO
SURFHGLPLHQWRGHJHQHUDFLyQGHOD
FODYH SULYDGD (O PLVPR SURFHGL
PLHQWR LQGLFDGR DQWHULRUPHQWH GH
IRUPD WHyULFD 'H KHFKR OD ~QLFD
GLIHUHQFLD FRQ OD JHQHUDFLyQ GH
XQD FODYH QRUPDO FRQVLVWH HQ TXH
S \ T VH HOHJLUtDQ DOHDWRULDPHQWH
\ HQ QXHVWUR FDVR ORV REWHQHPRV
GH OD IDFWRUL]DFLyQ GHO PyGXOR
)LQDOPHQWH PHGLDQWH OD D\XGD GH
3(0 B ZULWH B 56$3ULYDWH.H\
HVFUL
ELPRV OD FODYH SULYDGD HQ IRUPDWR
3(0 HO XWLOL]DGR HQ ORV HMHPSORV
6L FRPSDUDPRV OD FODYH JHQHUDGD
FRQ OD FODYH SULYDGD RULJLQDO YHUH
PRVTXHKHPRVFRQVHJXLGRQXHV
WUR REMHWLYR SXHV VH KD OOHJDGR D
ODFODYHSULYDGDDSDUWLUGHODFODYH
S~EOLFD/LVWDGR
/LVWDGR/OHJDUDODFODYHSULYDGDDSDUWLUGHODFODYHS~EOLFD
JFFJHWBSULYBNH\FOVVORJHWBSULYBNH\
JHWBSULYBNH\?
%(*,156$35,9$7(.(<
0,*T$J($$L($GET]*5WTLQF;[\MM=002,G'97D7FTDDP'L0&$Z($$4,K
$0Y7R;DU[)PU9/U556Y.:7V4&:OZ]W=2S$K($MJ(NIDO)+6
,3.'Z,5$11P0+$)%M]0$;++;*8&(*5S5=Q*P9NZ6OU7JTM=X&($Y&45
\5[W]&*1TF<R&('(:PYR]0<</&R]JI98
(1'56$35,9$7(.(<
/LVWDGRGIDFWBFOLHQW
IRU
^
JHWBUDQGRPBVHHGVVHHGVHHG
VZLWFKVWDWXV
^
FDVH')B&/,(17B67$786B:$,7,1*
1 UHFYB1BQXPEHUUHOBE\BKRVWKRVW
LI1
VOHHS')B7,0(B72B5(&9
HOVH
VWDWXV ')B&/,(17B67$786B5811,1*
EUHDN
FDVH')B&/,(17B67$786B5811,1*
^
PVLHYHBREMREM 18//
REM PVLHYHBREMBQHZ1ÀDJVUHODWLRQV18//
18//VHHGVHHGUHOBE\BKRVW
LIREM 18//
^
V\VORJ/2*B(55)DFWRULQJLQLWLDOL]DWLRQIDLOHG
IUHH1
UHWXUQ
`
PVLHYHBUXQREM
LIREMPVLHYHBREMBIUHHREM
ZKLOHVHQGBUHODWLRQV1KRVWUHODWLRQV
VOHHS')B7,0(B72B6(1'
LIXQOLQNUHODWLRQV V\VORJ/2*B(55XQOLQNVVUHODWLRQV
VWUHUURUHUUQR
VWDWXV ')B&/,(17B67$786B:$,7,1*
IUHH1
`
EUHDN
GHIDXOW
EUHDN
`
ZZZKDNLQRUJ
3UiFWLFD
6LJXDUGDPRVODQXHYDFODYHSUL
YDGDHQXQ¿FKHURGHWH[WRSRUHMHP
SOR HQ UVDBKDFNHGBSULYNH\SHP \D
SRGHPRVGHVFLIUDUHOPHQVDMHFRPR
VLJXH
RSHQVVOUVDXWOGHFU\SWLQNH\
UVDBKDFNHGBSULYNH\SHPLQ
FLSKHUW[W
&XDUHQWD\GRV
$OJRULWPRVPRGHUQRV
GHIDFWRUL]DFLyQ
/RVDOJRULWPRVGHIDFWRUL]DFLyQKDQ
LGR PHMRUDQGR FRQ HO WLHPSR KDVWD
OOHJDU D XQ SXQWR HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG
HQ TXH GLVSRQHPRV GH DOJRULWPRV
WDQ UiSLGRV FRPR HO PpWRGR GH
FXUYD HOtSWLFD (&0 HO 4XDGUD
WLF 6LHYH 46 R HO 1XPEHU )LHOG
6LHYH1)6 'H HVWRV DOJRULWPRV
/LVWDGRGIDFWBVHUYHU
IRU
^
ZKLOHFKLOGBFRXQW! ')B0$;B&/,(176VOHHS
VGBWPS VRFNHWBVHUYHUBDFFHSWVGFOLHQWVL]HRIFOLHQW
LISLG IRUN ^
FORVHVG
SURFHVVBFOLHQWVGBWPS1QXPBUHODWLRQVUHOBE\BKRVWFOLHQW
`
HOVHLISLG!
^
FORVHVGBWPS
FKLOGBFRXQW
`
HOVH
^
SHUURUIRUN
`
FORVHVGBWPS
`
FORVHVG
/LVWDGRGIDFWBVHUYHUSURFHVVBUHODWLRQV
YRLGSURFHVVBUHODWLRQVFKDU1LQWQXPBUHODWLRQVLQWVHFRQGV
^
IRU
^
LQWQBVLHYHV JHWBQXPBUHODWLRQVBLQB¿OH')B),/(B5(/$7,216
SULQWIUHODWLRQVGQHHGG?QQBVLHYHVQXPBUHODWLRQV
+DVHQRXJKWUHODWLRQV"
LIQBVLHYHV! QXPBUHODWLRQV
^
SULQWI)DFWRULQJV?Q1
NLOO6,*865
XLQWVHHG
XLQWVHHG
XLQWÀDJV
ÀDJV_ 06,(9(B)/$*B86(B/2*),/(
JHWBUDQGRPBVHHGVVHHGVHHG
IDFWRUBLQWHJHU1ÀDJV')B),/(B5(/$7,21618//VHHGVHHG
SULQWI)DFWRULQJ'RQH?Q
NLOOJHWSSLG6,*.,//
H[LW
`
VOHHSVHFRQGV
`
`
ZZZKDNLQRUJ
WDPELpQ H[LVWHQ GLYHUVDV YDULDFLR
QHVHQIXQFLyQGHOWLSRGHQ~PHURD
IDFWRUL]DURGHODIRUPDGHUHVROYHU
DOJXQDV SDUWHV GHO PLVPR 'LFKRV
DOJRULWPRV VRQ EDVWDQWH FRPSOHMRV
\ VXHOHQ GLYLGLUVH HQ YDULDV HWDSDV
HQ ODV TXH VH YDQ UHDOL]DQGR GLIH
UHQWHV FiOFXORV TXH VHUYLUiQ ¿QDO
PHQWH SDUD IDFWRUL]DU HO Q~PHUR
46\1)6GHVWDFDQSRUGLVSRQHUGH
XQD IDVH GH FULED VLHYH HQ OD TXH
VHUHFRSLODQXQDVHULHGHUHODFLRQHV
TXH ¿QDOPHQWH VH XWLOL]DUiQ SDUD
FRQVWUXLUXQVLVWHPDGHHFXDFLRQHV
\ REWHQHU HO UHVXOWDGR /D IDVH GH
FULED HV SRVLEOH UHDOL]DUOD HQ SDUD
OHORFRQGLIHUHQWHVPiTXLQDV\VXHOH
VHUODPiVODUJD
(Q ORV HMHPSORV DQWHULRUHV
KHPRV XVDGR HO SURJUDPD PVLHYH
TXH HV XQD LPSOHPHQWDFLyQ GHO
0XOWLSOH3ROLQRPLDO4XDGUDWLF6LHYH
0346XQDYDULDQWHGHO46(ODO
JRULWPR46HVHOPiVUiSLGRFXDQ
GRVHWUDWDGHIDFWRUL]DUQ~PHURVGH
PHQRVGHGtJLWRV3HURFXDQGR
VREUHSDVDPRV HVWH OtPLWH 1)6 WR
PDHOUHOHYR
8QD YDULDQWH GHO 1)6 XWLOL]DGD
SDUD IDFWRUL]DU FXDOTXLHU WLSR GH
Q~PHUR HV HO *1)6 R *HQHUDO
1XPEHU )LHOG 6LHYH 1R KD\ PX
FKR VRIWZDUH OLEUH TXH LPSOHPHQWH
*1)6 \ HO SRFR TXH H[LVWH QR
GHVWDFDQLSRUVXEXHQDGRFXPHQ
WDFLyQQLSRUVXIDFLOLGDGGHXVR$O
PHQRV HQ HO PRPHQWR GH HVFULELU
HVWH DUWtFXOR (Q FXDOTXLHU FDVR
YDPRV D YHU FRPR IXQFLRQD JJQ
IV XQD LPSOHPHQWDFLyQ GH *1)6
TXHDXQTXHQRHVGHOWRGRHVWDEOH
SHUPLWH IDFWRUL]DU VLQ GHPDVLDGRV
SUREOHPDV
JJQIV HVWi FRPSXHVWR SRU XQ
FRQMXQWR GH KHUUDPLHQWDV TXH XWL
OL]DGDV XQD D XQD SHUPLWHQ FXEULU
WRGDVODVHWDSDVHQODVTXHVHGLYL
GHHVWHDOJRULWPR3DUDXQQRYDWR
IDFWRUL]DUXQQ~PHURPHGLDQWHHVWH
SURFHGLPLHQWR SXHGH UHVXOWDU UHDO
PHQWHFRPSOLFDGRSRUORTXHJJQIV
RIUHFH XQ VFULSW HQ SHUO TXH KDFH
WRGRHOWUDEDMR
(VWH VFULSW SHUPLWH XWLOL]DU HO
SURJUDPD VLQ TXHEUDGHURV GH FD
EH]D SHUR GHVGH OXHJR QR HV OD
PHMRU IRUPD GH VDFDUOH SDUWLGR D
3UiFWLFD
ODV KHUUDPLHQWDV TXH FRQVWLWX\HQ
JJQIV
/DIRUPDPiVVHQFLOODGHSUREDU
HVWH SURJUDPD FRQVLVWHQ HQ HGLWDU
XQ DUFKLYR DO TXH SRGHPRV OODPDU
WHVWQLQGLFDQGRHOQ~PHURTXHTXH
UHPRVIDFWRUL]DU
FDWWHVWQ
Q
$FRQWLQXDFLyQHMHFXWDPRV
WHVWVIDFW/DWSOWHVWQ
(VWRIDFWRUL]DUiHOQ~PHUR(VRVtHQ
XQDV FXDQWDV KRUDV 0iV R PHQRV
HQ IXQFLyQ GHO KDUGZDUH HPSOHDGR
3DUD VDFDUOH PiV SDUWLGR D JJQIV
HV QHFHVDULR SUHVFLQGLU GHO VFULSW
IDFW/DWSO \ XWLOL]DU ODV KHUUDPLHQWDV
TXHSURSRUFLRQDFRQORVSDUiPHWURV
FRUUHFWRV 'DGR TXH OD XWLOL]DFLyQ
GHJJQIVGDSDUDXQDUWtFXORHQWHUR
QR OR H[SOLFDUp DTXt /R PHMRU SDUD
DSUHQGHU D XWLOL]DUOR HV OHHU OD GR
FXPHQWDFLyQ SURSRUFLRQDGD FRQ HO
FyGLJR IXHQWH \ DFFHGHU DO IRUR GH
GLVFXVLyQYHUHQODFHV
7DPELpQ HV FRQYHQLHQWH OHHU
DOJXQRV GRFXPHQWRV VREUH HO DOJR
ULWPR 1)6 DXQTXH KD\ TXH WHQHU
HQ FXHQWD TXH VH UHTXLHUHQ FRQR
FLPLHQWRV DYDQ]DGRV GH WHRUtD GH
Q~PHURV\iOJHEUDOLQHDO
/DQHFHVLGDGGHO
DWDTXHGLVWULEXLGR
/D FODYH IDFWRUL]DGD HQ HO HMHPSOR
HVPX\SHTXHxDVLODFRPSDUDPRV
FRQODORQJLWXGGHXQDFODYHGHODV
TXH VH VXHOHQ XVDU DFWXDOPHQWH
6L DKRUD PLVPR TXLVLpUDPRV FUHDU
XQD FODYH 56$ SDUD QXHVWUR XVR
SHUVRQDORSWDUtDPRVSRUXQPtQLPR
GH ELWV 6LHQGR FDXWHORVRV
HVFRJHUtDPRVXQDGHR
ELWV 6L LQWHQWDPRV IDFWRUL]DU XQD
GH HVWDV FODYHV FRQ QXHVWUR 3&
GH FDVD SRU PX\ UiSLGR TXH VHD
YHUHPRV FRPR VH TXHGD UHDOL]DQ
GR FiOFXORV LQGH¿QLGDPHQWH VLQ
OOHJDU D QLQJXQD SDUWH /R FLHUWR
HV TXH QR SRGUHPRV FRQ XQD FOD
YH GH HVWDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV 6LQ
HPEDUJR ORV FRQWLQXRV DYDQFHV
WDQWR HQ FRPSXWDFLyQ FRPR HQ HO
FDPSRPDWHPiWLFRKDFHQTXHHVWD
GLVWDQFLD VH YD\D UHGXFLHQGR \ HQ
GHWHUPLQDGDV FRQGLFLRQHV VHD SR
VLEOH UHDOL]DU DWDTXHV GLVWULEXLGRV
HVGHFLUXWLOL]DQGRPLOHVGHPiTXL
QDV SDUDOHODPHQWH HQ HO SURFHVR
GH IDFWRUL]DFLyQ ([LVWHQ GLYHUVRV
HVWXGLRV UHDOL]DGRV SRU H[SHUWRV
HQ HVWH FDPSR TXH DQDOL]DQ ODV
SRVLELOLGDGHV GH DWDFDU XQD FODYH
GHELWVYHUWDEODGHHQODFHV
'H PRPHQWR HVWR HVWi IXHUD GHO
DOFDQFHGHODPD\RUtDDXQTXHSUR
EDEOHPHQWHQRIXHUDGHODOFDQFHGH
FLHUWRVJRELHUQRVXRUJDQL]DFLRQHV
3RU RWUD SDUWH OD H[LVWHQFLD GH
UHWRVFRPRHO56$)DFWRULQJ&KD
OOHQJH FRPHQWDGR DQWHULRUPHQWH
PRWLYDQ WRGDYtD PiV ORV HVWXGLRV
HQ HVWH FDPSR DVt FRPR HO GHVD
UUROOR GH KHUUDPLHQWDV GLVWULEXLGDV
SDUD OD IDFWRUL]DFLyQ GH Q~PHURV
JUDQGHV
$WDTXHGLVWULEXLGR
(Q HMHPSORV DQWHULRUHV KHPRV
FRQRFLGR HO VRIWZDUH PVLHYH &R
PR KHPRV YLVWR HV GH XWLOL]DFLyQ
VHQFLOOD \ HO SURJUDPD HVWi OR VX
¿FLHQWHPHQWH PDGXUR FRPR SDUD
QR GDU GHPDVLDGRV SUREOHPDV DO
XVXDULR 3RU OR TXH KH YLVWR KDVWD
HO PRPHQWR pVWD HV VLQ GXGD OD
PHMRU LPSOHPHQWDFLyQ DELHUWD GHO
DOJRULWPR4XDGUDWLF6LHYH6LQHP
EDUJR HO SURJUDPD TXH VH GLVWUL
EX\HQRHVPiVTXHXQDGHPRGHO
XVREiVLFRGHODOLEUHUtDPVLHYH<
VRORVLUYHSDUDVHUXWLOL]DGDHQXQD
~QLFDPiTXLQD
(Q OD GRFXPHQWDFLyQ GHO SUR
JUDPD VH PXHVWUDQ XQ SDU GH
UHFHWDV SDUD XWLOL]DU HO SURJUDPD
GH GHPRVWUDFLyQ FRQ GLIHUHQWHV
PiTXLQDV \ DVt SRGHU KDFHU XQD
IDFWRUL]DFLyQ GLVWULEXLGD 3HUR VH
WUDWD GH XQ SURFHGLPLHQWR PDQXDO
\SRFRSUiFWLFR3RUHVWHPRWLYRKH
GHFLGLGR LPSOHPHQWDU XQ SHTXHxR
SURJUDPDGHHMHPSORTXHSUHVHQWD
HO XVR GH OD OLEUHUtD PVLHYH SDUD
UHDOL]DU IDFWRUL]DFLyQ GLVWULEXLGD
+H OODPDGR D HVWH SURJUDPD GIDFW
ZZZKDNLQRUJ
\SXHGHVHQFRQWUDUORHQHO&'TXH
DFRPSDxDODUHYLVWDRHQODVHFFLyQ
GHHQODFHV
(O SURJUDPD VH SXHGH FRPSLODU
FRQXQPDNH\VRORUHTXLHUHTXHOD
OLEUHUtD PVLYH HVWp FRUUHFWDPHQWH
LQVWDODGD /D UXWD GH OD PLVPD GH
EHUi LQFOXLUVH HQ HO 0DNH¿OH 8QD
YH] FRPSLODGR SRGHPRV HQFRQWUDU
GRV ELQDULRV HQ OD FDUSHWD ELQ FR
UUHVSRQGLHQWHVDOVHUYLGRU\HOFOLHQ
WH(OVHUYLGRUGIVVHHMHFXWDUiHQ
XQDPiTXLQDFRQEDVWDQWHPHPRULD
QHFHVLWDUiPiVFXDQWRPiVJUDQGH
VHDHOQ~PHUR\VHUiHOHQFDUJDGR
GHUHSDUWLUWUDEDMR\FRRUGLQDUDWR
GRV ORV FOLHQWHV (O VHUYLGRU UHFLEH
FXDWUR SDUiPHWURV HO Q~PHUR D
IDFWRUL]DU HO Q~PHUR GH UHODFLRQHV
TXHTXHUHPRVTXHUHFRSLOHHOFOLHQ
WH SDUD FDGD HQYtR \ HO Q~PHUR GH
VHJXQGRV FDGD FXDQGR TXHUHPRV
TXH HO VHUYLGRU FRPSUXHEH VL WLHQH
ORVVX¿FLHQWHVGDWRVGHORVFOLHQWHV
SDUD WHUPLQDU OD IDFWRUL]DFLyQ FRQ
p[LWR (Q HO HMHPSOR VLJXLHQWH VH
SLGH D ORV FOLHQWHV TXH HQYtHQ ODV
UHODFLRQHV GH HQ \ DO
VHUYLGRUTXHYHUL¿TXHHOQ~PHURGH
UHODFLRQHVGHTXHGLVSRQHFDGD
VHJXQGRV
ELQGIV
(Q XQRV FXDQWRV FOLHQWHV HMHFX
WDUHPRV GPF SDViQGROH FRPR
SDUiPHWUR OD ,3 GHO VHUYLGRU \ OD
UXWD GH XQ ¿FKHUR WHPSRUDO GRQGH
SXHGHUHFRSLODUODVUHODFLRQHV3RU
HMHPSOR
ELQGIFWPSUHO
(OSURJUDPDGIDFWVHKDGHVDUUROODGR
WRPDQGRFRPREDVHODOLEUHUtDPVLH
YHeVWDRIUHFHXQSURJUDPDGHHMHP
SOR OODPDGR GHPRF TXH PXHVWUD VX
XVRGHPDQHUDVHQFLOOD6LVHREVHUYD
HOFyGLJRVHSXHGHYHUTXHQRUHVXOWD
FRPSOLFDGR GH VHJXLU (Q HO /LVWDGR
SXHGHYHUVHXQSHGD]RGHFyGLJR
GHOFOLHQWHGIDFW(QpOVHPXHVWUDHO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHOEOXFOHSULQFLSDOHQ
HO TXH HO FOLHQWH UHFLEH HO Q~PHUR D
$WDTXHGHIDFWRUL]DFLyQD56$
IDFWRUL]DUGHOVHUYLGRUFDOFXODODVUH
ODFLRQHVVROLFLWDGDVPHGLDQWHPVLHYH
\VHODVHQYtDDOVHUYLGRUSDUDTXHODV
SURFHVH/LVWDGR
9HDPRV FRPR PDQHMD OD VLWXD
FLyQ HO VHUYLGRU /LVWDGR &DGD
FOLHQWHTXHVROLFLWDHQYLDUODOLVWDGH
UHODFLRQHVDOVHUYLGRUHVJHVWLRQDGR
SRU SURFHVVBFOLHQW PHGLDQWH XQ
SURFHVRVHSDUDGR
2WURSURFHVRVHSDUDGRVHRFXSD
GH SURFHVDU ODV UHODFLRQHV TXH ORV
FOLHQWHV YDQ HQYLDQGR FDGD FLHUWR
WLHPSR/LVWDGR
(OSURJUDPDGHHMHPSORQRVSHU
PLWHIDFWRUL]DUXQQ~PHURXWLOL]DQGR
YDULDV GHFHQDV GH PiTXLQDV \
DXQTXHSRGUtDXWLOL]DUVHHQ,QWHUQHW
OD DXVHQFLD GH DXWHQWL¿FDFLyQ \R
FLIUDGR HQWUH RWURV OR KDFHQ SRFR
UHFRPHQGDEOH$OJXQDVPHMRUDVTXH
SRGUtDQVHUGHLQWHUpV\TXHVLQGX
GD UHSUHVHQWDUiQ XQ EXHQ HMHUFLFLR
SDUD HO OHFWRU VRQ HO XVR GH 66/
PHMRUDVHQODVHJXULGDGPHMRUDVHQ
HOUHQGLPLHQWRHWF
$QWHULRUPHQWH KHPRV FRPHQ
WDGR TXH *1)6 HV PiV H¿FLHQWH
6REUHHODXWRU
'DQLHO/HUFK+RVWDORW
,QJHQLHURGH6RIWZDUH&&HQSODWDIRUPDV*18/LQX[
0DVWHU &LVFR 1HWZRUNLQJ $FDGHP\ 3URJUDP &&1$ ZLUHOHVV 1HWZRUN 6HFXULW\
,QJHQLHUR 7pFQLFR HQ ,QIRUPiWLFD GH 6LVWHPDV SRU 8QLYHUVLWDW 2EHUWD GH &DWDOXQ\D
82&DFWXDOPHQWHWUDEDMDHQVHFWRUGHWHOHFRPXQLFDFLRQHV
&RQRFH ORV VLJXLHQWHV OHQJXDMHV GH SURJUDPDFLyQ && 6KHOO6FULSW -DYD 3HUO
3+3SURJPyGXORVHQ&
HPDLOGOHUFK#JPDLOFRPXUOKWWSGDQLHOOHUFKFRP
7KH56$)DFWRULQJ&KDOOHQJH
TXH 0346 HQ OD IDFWRUL]DFLyQ GH
Q~PHURV GH PiV GH GtJLWRV
(QHVWRVPRPHQWRVQRSDUHFHTXH
H[LVWD QLQJ~Q VRIWZDUH OLEUH TXH
SHUPLWD LPSOHPHQWDUIiFLOPHQWHXQ
VLVWHPDGLVWULEXLGRGHIDFWRUL]DFLyQ
FRQ*1)6DOLJXDOTXHKHPRVKH
FKRFRQPVLHYH466LQHPEDUJR
HODXWRUGHPVLHYHORHVWiGRWDQGR
GH VRSRUWH SDUD *1)6 \ DXQTXH
pVWH VH HQFXHQWUD WRGDYtD D PH
GLDV TXL]iV HQ QR PXFKR WLHPSR
OR WHQJDPRV GLVSRQLEOH 6L HVR
VXFHGLHVHQRVHUtDPX\GLItFLOPR
GL¿FDUQXHVWURHMHPSORGIDFWSDUD
UHDOL]DU IDFWRUL]DFLyQ GLVWULEXLGD
FRQ*1)6
(Q FXDOTXLHU FDVR JJQIV GLV
SRQH GH OD SRVLELOLGDG GH XWLOL]DU
YDULDV PiTXLQDV SDUD UHDOL]DU XQD
IDFWRUL]DFLyQ (VWR SXHGH KDFHUVH
FRQ HO VFULSW IDFW/DWSO YLVWR DQWH
ULRUPHQWH DXQTXH HV XQD YHUVLyQ
PX\ LQHVWDEOH \ VROR SHUPLWH XWLOL
]DU XQDV SRFDV PiTXLQDV HQ XQD
/$1
3DUD¿QDOL]DU
‡ 56$KWWSZZZUVDVHFXULW\FRPUVDODEVQRGHDVS"LG 56$
‡ 56$ KWWSZZZUVDVHFXULW\FRPUVDODEVQRGHDVS"LG 56$
‡ 56$KWWSZZZUVDVHFXULW\FRPUVDODEVQRGHDVS"LG 56$
‡ 56$ KWWSZZZUVDVHFXULW\FRPUVDODEVQRGHDVS"LG 56$
‡ 56$ KWWSZZZUVDVHFXULW\FRPUVDODEVQRGHDVS"LG 56$
‡ 56$ KWWSZZZUVDVHFXULW\FRPUVDODEVQRGHDVS"LG 56$
5HIHUHQFLDV
‡ )DFWRUL]DFLyQGHQ~PHURVHQWHURVJUDQGHVKWWSIDFWRUL]DFLRQEORJVSRWFRP
‡ ')$&7±KWWSGDQLHOOHUFKFRPVRXUFHVSURMHFWVGIDFWGIDFWKDNLQWDUJ]
‡ **1)6 $ 1XPEHU )LHOG 6LHYH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ KWWSZZZPDWKWWXHGX
aFPRQLFRVRIWZDUHJJQIV
‡ <DKRR*URXSIRU**1)6KWWSZZZJURXSV\DKRRFRPJURXSJJQIV
‡ 06,(9(,QWHJHU)DFWRUL]DWLRQKWWSZZZERRQHWaMDVRQSTVKWPO
‡ 7KH 56$ )DFWRULQJ &KDOOHQJH KWWSZZZUVDVHFXULW\FRPUVDODEV
QRGHDVS"LG ‡ 2SHQ66/KWWSZZZRSHQVVORUJ
‡ $OJRULWPRGH6KRUKWWSHVZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL$OJRULWPRBGHB6KRU
‡ 2QWKHFRVWRIIDFWRULQJ56$
KWWSZZZZLVGRPZHL]PDQQDFLO(WURPHUSDSHUVFEWZLUOSGI
‡ )DFWRULQJHVWLPDWHVIRUDELW56$PRGXOXV
KWWSZZZZLVGRPZHL]PDQQDFLO(WURPHUSDSHUVIDFWRUHVWSGI
ZZZKDNLQRUJ
3DUDILQDOL]DUTXLHURPHQFLRQDUOD
UHSHUFXVLyQ TXH SXHGHQ WHQHU ORV
DYDQFHV PDWHPiWLFRV TXH VH UHD
OL]DQ HQ HVWH FDPSR 8Q Q~PHUR
TXH KR\ HV FRPSXWDFLRQDOPHQWH
LPSRVLEOH GH IDFWRUL]DU PDxDQD
SRGUtD VHU IDFWRUL]DEOH HQ SRFRV
PLQXWRV 7RGR GHSHQGH GH TXH D
DOJXLHQVHOHRFXUUDXQDIRUPDUH
YROXFLRQDULDGHDWDFDUHOSUREOHPD
6LQ HPEDUJR ORV PiV GH DxRV
TXH OOHYD HQ IXQFLRQDPLHQWR HO DO
JRULWPR 56$ DYDODQ OD VHJXULGDG
GHOPLVPR\KDFHQSRFRSUREDEOH
HVWHKHFKR
3RU RWUD SDUWH OD TXL]iV LQPL
QHQWH OOHJDGD GH OD FRPSXWDFLyQ
FXiQWLFD Vt UHVXOWD XQD DPHQD]D
VHULDDODVHJXULGDGGHHVWHFRQR
FLGR FULSWRVLVWHPD eVWR HV GHELGR
D OD H[LVWHQFLD GHO DOJRULWPR GH
6KRU YHU VHFFLyQ GH HQODFHV
TXH PXHVWUD XQD IRUPD GH DWDFDU
HO SUREOHPD FRQ FRPSOHMLGDG SR
OLQyPLFD (V GHFLU TXH SHUPLWLUtD
IDFWRUL]DU XQD FODYH HQ XQ WLHPSR
UD]RQDEOHz