Guía de Salud Infantil: Desde los primeros meses

Guías de salud infantil
De 0-6 meses
Osasuna aukeran, zuk zeuk!
LEHENENGO HILEETATIK
DESDE LOS PRIMEROS MESES
Elige salud, ¡tú ganas!
O-tik 6 hilera
Haurraren osasun-gidak
Argitaraldia: 1.a, 2013ko abendua • Ale-kopurua: 22.000 ale • © Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko Administrazioa: Osasun
Saila • Argazkiak: M. Arrazola (Eusko Jaurlaritza) • Argitaratzailea: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia /
Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco (Donostia-San Sebastián, 1 - 01010 Vitoria-Gasteiz) • Inprimaketa:
SACAL • Lege-gordailua: VI 868-2013
La realización de esta Guía ha sido posible gracias al aporte desinteresado
de conocimientos y a la experiencia del personal de Pediatría de Atención
Primaria de Osakidetza.
El Departamento de Salud del Gobierno Vasco muestra su agradecimiento a
las familias que han tomado parte en la elaboración del material fotográfico.
Esta es una guía dirigida a todas las personas cercanas al bebé que vayan a
participar de una u otra forma en su cuidado.
Amari, berriz, atal jakin batzuk eskaintzen zaizkio, hala nola
Zainketa erditzearen ondoren” eta “Amagandiko edoskitzea“.
“Amaren
Gida hau era batera edo bestera haurra zainduko duten pertsona guztiei dago
zuzendurik.
Esperamos que os sea de utilidad.
Probetxugarria izango duzuela espero dugu.
Tan sólo apartados concretos como “Cuidados de la madre desués del parto”
o “Lactancia materna” están orientados específicamente a la madre.
Eusko Jaurlaritzako Osasun Sailak material fotografikoa lortzeko parte hartu
duten familiei eskerrak eman nahi dizkie.
Gida hau egiteko benetan lagungarria izan da Osakidetzako Lehen Mailako
Atentzioko pediatrek eta erizainek, bere ezagutza eta esperientzien bidez,
egin duten ekarpen desinteresatua.
Edición: 1ª diciembre 2013 • Tirada: 22.000 ejemplares • © Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma de Euskadi:
Departamento de Salud • Fotos: M. Arrazola (Gobierno Vasco) • Edita: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia
/ Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco (Donostia-San Sebastián, 1 - 01010 Vitoria-Gasteiz) • Impresión:
SACAL • Depósito Legal: VI 868-2013
ÍNDICE
A. CUIDADOS DE LA MADRE DESPUÉS DEL PARTO ............................... 3
t1VFSQFSJP ................................................................................... 3
t3FMBDJPOFTTFYVBMFT..................................................................... 4
t"MJNFOUBDJØO .............................................................................. 5
t5BCBDPBMDPIPMNFEJDBNFOUPT.................................................... 8
t"DUJWJEBEGÓTJDB........................................................................... 9
B. CUIDADOS DEL BEBÉ RECIÉN NACIDO ......................................... 15
t$POUSPMFTEFMCFCÏSFDJÏOOBDJEP ............................................... 15
t"MJNFOUBDJØOEVSBOUFMPTQSJNFSPTNFTFT ..................................... 16
t)JHJFOF ................................................................................... 26
t3PQB ....................................................................................... 29
t4VF×P...................................................................................... 30
t-MBOUP ...................................................................................... 32
t1BTFP ...................................................................................... 34
t7JBKFT...................................................................................... 37
t)JHJFOFEFMBNCJFOUF ................................................................ 38
t+VHVFUFT................................................................................... 39
C.
SITUACIONES FRECUENTES Y CUIDADOS DURANTE
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t&TDPDFEVSBT ............................................................................. 41
t0CTUSVDDJØOOBTBM ..................................................................... 42
t3FBDDJPOFTEFMFNCBSB[P .......................................................... 42
t'JFCSF...................................................................................... 42
t.VHVFU.................................................................................... 43
t$ØMJDPT .................................................................................... 43
t7ØNJUPT.................................................................................... 44
t%FQPTJDJPOFT............................................................................ 44
t-FHB×BT ................................................................................... 45
A. CUIDADOS DE LA MADRE
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P JORVJFUVE &T BMHP OPSNBM 4VFMF EFCFSTF BM DBOTBODJP Z B MPT DBNCJPT
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PMPSPBQBSFDJFTFmFCSFBDVEFBMBDPOTVMUBEFUPDPHJOFDPMPHÓBPBUVNBUSPOB
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5
6
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FMBCPSFMBMFDIFNBUFSOBSFRVJFSFTVOQSPNFEJPEFBQSPYJNBEBNFOUF
DBMPSÓBTFYUSBT-BNBZPSÓBQSPDFEFSÈOEFMBTSFTFSWBTEFUVDVFSQPQFSPFM
SFTUPMBTUFOESÈTRVFUPNBSDPOMBBMJNFOUBDJØO
&MBQPSUFJOTVmDJFOUFEFOVUSJFOUFTFOMBEJFUBEFMBNBESFRVFFTUÈEBOEP
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CFCÏZEFMBQSPQJBNBESF
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UBOUPEFCFCJEBTBMDPIØMJDBTDPNPEFBMJNFOUPTDPOCBKBDBMJEBEOVUSJDJPOBM
t5VT OFDFTJEBEFT proteicas TPO FM EPCMF RVF FO DPOEJDJPOFT OPSNBMFT
$POTVNF QSFGFSFOUFNFOUF DBSOFT QPDP HSBTBT BWFT QFTDBEP CMBODP Z
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t"VNFOUB MB DBOUJEBE EF BMJNFOUPT SJDPT FO hidratos de carbono
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t/PEJTNJOVZBTFMBQPSUFEFgrasasSJDBTFOÈDJEPTHSBTPTFTFODJBMFTZ
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t-BHMÈOEVMBNBNBSJBOPQVFEFTJOUFUJ[BSvitaminas,QPSMPRVFTVBQPSUF
QSPDFEF ÞOJDBNFOUF EF MB TBOHSF NBUFSOB DPO MP RVF OFDFTJUBT JOHFSJS
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t$PNP MPT MÈDUFPT TPO MB QSJODJQBM GVFOUF EF calcio Z FTUF NJOFSBM FT
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B. CUIDADOS DEL BEBÉ RECIÉN
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t$ØSUBMFMBTV×BTDVBOEPFTUÏOMBSHBTFOTFOUJEPSFDUPTJOQJDPTZFNQMFBOEP
VOBUJKFSBEFQVOUBSPNB
&MDBNCJBEPS
t6TB VOB NFTB P DBNCJBEPS FTUBCMF EPOEF QSFWJBNFOUF DPMPDBSÏJT BM
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TVmDJFOUFQBSBFWJUBSFMSJFTHPEFDBÓEBTJFMCFCÏHJSBTPCSFTÓNJTNP
tNo le dejes NUNCA solo en el cambiador, ni sobre la cama,
ni sobre ninguna otra superficie elevadaMMÏWBMFTJFNQSFDPOUJHPP
EÏKBMFFOVOBNBOUBTPCSFFMTVFMP
27
$VJEBEPEFMDPSEØOVNCJMJDBM
&MDPSEØOVNCJMJDBMTVFMFDBFSTFFOUSFMBQSJNFSBZTFHVOEBTFNBOBEFWJEB
)BTUB FTF NPNFOUP FT NVZ JNQPSUBOUF NBOUFOFSMP CJFO MJNQJP Z TFDP /P
VTFTGBKBTOJQPMWPT
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IBDFSMPDPOWJFOFsecar muy bien esa zona.
4J OPUBT RVF MB [POB EFM DPSEØO FTUÈ TJFNQSF IÞNFEB EFTQSFOEF MÓRVJEPT
PIVFMFNBMDPOTVMUBDPOFM&RVJQP1FEJÈUSJDP$VBOEPFOUSFMBQSJNFSBZ
TFHVOEBTFNBOBTFDBJHBFMDPSEØOTFTFHVJSÈDVJEBOEPEFMBNJTNBGPSNB
IBTUBRVFWFBTRVFFTUÈDPNQMFUBNFOUFTFDP
28
t301"
6UJMJ[BSPQBTDØNPEBTBQPEFSTFSEFBMHPEØORVFTFBOGÈDJMFTEFBCSPDIBS
RVFOPDPNQSJNBOBMCFCÏZRVFQFSNJUBOUPEPTTVTNPWJNJFOUPT
1BSB FWJUBS BDDJEFOUFT OP DPOWJFOF VTBS SPQB DPO BDDFTPSJPT QFMJHSPTPT
MB[PTQPNQPOFTWPMBOUFTMBSHPTMBOBEFBOHPSBFUD
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&OTVMBWBEPFWJUBTVBWJ[BOUFTZMFKÓBT"MmOBMEFMMBWBEPBDMBSBCJFOMB
SPQB
/P MF BCSJHVF FO FYDFTP 5V CFCÏ OP OFDFTJUB NVDIB NÈT SPQB RVF VOB
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29
t46&º0
-BNVFSUFTÞCJUBEFMMBDUBOUF
4FEFmOFDPNPMBNVFSUFSFQFOUJOBEFMCFCÏBOUFTEFMB×PEFFEBETJODBVTBT
RVFMBKVTUJmRVFOZDPOTUJUVZFMBQSJNFSBDBVTBEFNVFSUFQPTUOFPOBUBM
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t-FDPMPRVFTBMNFOPTEVSBOUFMPTQSJNFSPTNFTFTPIBTUBRVFTFWPMUFF
TPMP
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EVSBOUFFMTVF×P
t/PMFFYQPOHBTOVODBBFTQBDJPTDPOUBNJOBEPTDPOFMIVNPEFUBCBDP
Es desaconsejable que si el padre o la madre fuman o han
bebido alcohol, compartan la cama con el bebé.
30
t&WJUBFMBSSPQBNJFOUPFYDFTJWPEFMMBDUBOUFFTQFDJBMNFOUFTJUJFOFmFCSF
DVJEBOEPEFOPDVCSJSMFMBDBCF[B.BOUFOFSVOBUFNQFSBUVSBBHSBEBCMF
FOMBIBCJUBDJØOJEFBMNFOUFEFB$
$PMØDBMF lejos de fuentes
de calorSBEJBEPSFTFTUVGBTDIJNFOFBTFUD
$PODJMJBSFMTVF×P
6OTVF×PEFDBMJEBEEVSBOUFFMEÓBNFKPSBSÈFMTVF×POPDUVSOP
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DPOÏM
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QFRVF×PTNPWJNJFOUPTDPOMBTFYUSFNJEBEFT"VORVFQBSF[DBRVFFMCFCÏ
FTUÈJORVJFUPFTUFUJQPEFTVF×PFTUPUBMNFOUFOPSNBMZOPTFEFCFJOUFSSVNQJS
4JMBTQFSTPOBTRVFFTUÈOBDBSHPEFMCFCÏOPDPOPDFOFTUBTJUVBDJØOFTNVZ
QSPCBCMFRVFMFUPRVFOMFDPKBOPMFBDVOFODPOMPDVBMSPNQFOTVTVF×P
OPSNBMZEJmDVMUBOTVNBEVSBDJØO%FTQVÏTEFVOPTNJOVUPTFOFTUB
TJUVBDJØOFMCFCÏFOUSBFOFMTVF×PNÈTQSPGVOEPRVFEFOPNJOBNPTiTVF×P
USBORVJMPw&TUÈUPUBMNFOUFSFMBKBEPZSFTQJSBTVBWFZQSPGVOEBNFOUF
{%ØOEFEPSNJS
Capazo o moisés: SóloDPOWJFOFVUJMJ[BSMPmientras no sepa darse la
vueltaOJNPWFSTFBVUØOPNBNFOUFFTEFDJSIBTUBMPTDVBUSPPDJODPNFTFT
EFWJEBBQSPYJNBEBNFOUF&MGPOEPTFSÈSÓHJEPZQMBOPDPOMPTCPSEFTBMUPT
ZBDPMDIBEPTZQSFGFSJCMFNFOUFEFBMHPEØO
Cuna: -B DVOB EFCF FTUBS IPNPMPHBEB -B EJTUBODJB FOUSF MPT CBSSPUFT OP
TFSÈ NFOPS EF DN OJ NBZPS EF DN -PT DPTUBEPT EF MB DVOB EFCFO
UFOFSQPSMPNFOPTDNEFBMUVSB1BSBFWJUBSRVFTFHPMQFFMBDBCF[BP
TBRVFTVTNBOPTPQJFTFOUSFMPTCBSSPUFTNJFOUSBTEVFSNFes útil colocar
un protector por dentro de la cuna&MDPMDIØOIBEFTFSEVSP/PFT
OFDFTBSJPVTBSBMNPIBEBPDPKJOFTIBTUBMPTB×PTEFFEBE
Cama1FHBSMBBMBQBSFEPQSPUFHFEMPTMBEPTQBSBFWJUBSRVFTFDBJHB
31
*OUFSGPOPQBSBCFCÏTZUFMFGPOÓBNØWJM
"VORVF OP FYJTUFO FWJEFODJBT DMBSBT RVF EFNVFTUSFO RVF MBT SBEJBDJPOFT
FMFDUSPNBHOÏUJDBT QVFEBO SFTVMUBS EB×JOBT DPNP NFEJEB QSFWFOUJWB Z ZB
RVFFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPEFMCFCÏTFFODVFOUSBFOQMFOPQSPDFTPEFEFTBSSPMMP
FTSFDPNFOEBCMF
t$PMPDBSel interfonoQPSMPNFOPTa un metro de la camaEFMCFCÏ
4J FM JOUFSGPOP FTUB DPOFDUBEP B MB DPSSJFOUF DPO VO BEBQUBEPS UFOFS FO
DVFOUBUBNCJÏOFTUBEJTUBODJBQBSBFMBEBQUBEPS
t3FHVMBSFMNØEVMPEFMCFCÏTPCSFFMNPEPiQVFTUBFONBSDIBBVUPNÈUJDBDPO
MBWP[wPi709wNo utilizar los aparatos que emitan constantemente.
tNo colocar teléfonos móvilesPJOBMÈNCSJDPTBNFOPTEFVONFUSPEFM
CFCÏ
$IVQFUF
t4FQVFEFPGSFDFSFMDIVQFUFBMCFCÏQFSPsin forzar a que lo use.4J
ZBTFIBEPSNJEPOPQPOÏSTFMPEFOVFWP&OFMDBTPEFMBDUBODJBNBUFSOB
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FTUBCMFDJNJFOUPEFMBMBDUBODJB
t&TQSFGFSJCMFVTBSMPTBOBUØNJDPTZEFVOBTPMBQJF[BComprobad que
el chupete esté en buen estado.
t6UJMJ[BEDBEFOBTIPNPMPHBEBTQBSBDPMHBSDIVQFUFTZFWJUBEFMVTPEFPUSP
UJQPEFDBEFOBTDPSEPOFTPMB[PT
tNunca untes el chupete en azúcar, leche condensada, miel o
cualquier otro alimento azucarado.
t--"/50
&MMMBOUPEFMCFCÏFTMBGPSNBEFFYQSFTJØONÈTEJSFDUBFTVOBMMBNBEBVOB
QFUJDJØO EF DPNVOJDBDJØO : DPNP FO UPEB SFMBDJØO EF DPNVOJDBDJØO MP
JNQPSUBOUFFTIBMMBSFODBEBNPNFOUPMBSFTQVFTUBBEFDVBEBFMNFOTBKFRVFTF
RVJFSFUSBOTNJUJS&MMMBOUPOPTJFNQSFFTTÓOUPNBEFIBNCSFPEFNBMFTUBSGÓTJDP
32
$POWJFOF UFOFS DVJEBEP EF OP DBFS FO OJOHVOP EF FTUPT EPT FSSPSFT OP
BUFOEFSBMBMMBNBEBRVFFMCFCÏIBDFDVBOEPMMPSBPFTUBSUBOFODJNBEFÏM
RVFBMNFOPSRVFKJEPDPSSBUPEBMBGBNJMJB&OQPDPUJFNQPJSÈTBQSFOEJFOEP
BEJGFSFODJBSQPSFMUPOPPTVJOUFOTJEBEFMMMBOUPZTVTNFOTBKFTJNQMÓDJUPT
-B IPSBT EF NBZPS JOUSBORVJMJEBE TPO MBT EFM mOBM EFM EÓB Z MBT QSJNFSBT
IPSBT EF MB OPDIF $POWJFOF USBOTNJUJSMF USBORVJMJEBE F JOUFOUBS DBMNBSMF
"CSÈ[BMFOFDFTJUBTFOUJSUFZTFOUJSTFTFHVSP-PTCFCÏTOPTFiBDPTUVNCSBOw
BMPTCSB[PT
"MHVOBTWFDFTFMMMBOUPEFMCFCÏWJFOFDBVTBEPQPSQFRVF×PTEFTBSSFHMPT
DØMJDPTEJHFTUJWPTNFDFSMFZEBSMFTVBWFTNBTBKFTFOMBUSJQBTJFNQSFFOFM
TFOUJEPEFMBTBHVKBTEFMSFMPKQVFEFOMMFHBSBDBMNBSTVNBMFTUBS
&MDPOUBDUPDPOMBQJFMEFPUSBQFSTPOBEBSÈTFHVSJEBEZDPOmBO[BBMCFCÏZ
DPOUSJCVJSÈBTVEFTBSSPMMP
33
t1"4&0
&MQBTFPBDUÞBDPNPTFEBOUFZMFQPOFFODPOUBDUPDPODPMPSFTTPOJEPTFUD
1SPDVSBTJUFFTQPTJCMFQBTFBSQPS[POBTEFQPDPSVJEPZTJODPOUBNJOBDJØO
"QSPWFDIBMBTIPSBTNÈTBEFDVBEBTFWJUBOEPMBTIPSBTEFNVDIPDBMPSP
EFNVDIPGSÓP
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$PNQSVFCB RVF FM DPDIF UFOHB FM GSFOP Z MPT QVOUPT EF BODMBKF FO CVFO
FTUBEP"DPTUÞNCSBUFBGSFOBSFMDPDIFDBEBWF[RVFUFQBSFTBVORVFFTUÏT
BVOQBTPEFMNJTNP
"M DSV[BS MBT DBMMFT QBSB FWJUBS SJFTHPT EF BUSPQFMMP EFCFT FWJUBS MMFWBS FM
DPDIFEFQBTFPBEFMBOUBEPFOMVHBSFTDPOQPDBWJTJCJMJEBEPJOUSPEVDJSMPFO
MBDBM[BEBNJFOUSBTFTQFSBTBMCPSEFEFMBBDFSB
34
"MBJSFMJCSF
-B QJFM EFM CFCÏ FT NVZ mOB Z TFOTJCMF Z TV SFTJTUFODJB B MBT SBEJBDJPOFT
TPMBSFTFTBÞONVZEÏCJM1PSFMMPZDPNPOPSNBHFOFSBM, no dejéis nunca
expuesto directamente al sol a un bebé de menos de 6 meses
BVODVBOEPFTUÏWFTUJEPZDPOHPSSPDebe estar siempre a la sombra.
Los fotoprotectores no se aconsejan antes del 6º mes de vida.
/PDPOWJFOFMMFWBSMFBMBQMBZBPQJTDJOBBOUFTEFMNFTEFWJEB
35
36
t7*"+&4
&MCFCÏTJFNQSFJSÈCJFOTVKFUPNFEJBOUFVOTJTUFNBEFSFUFODJØOIPNPMPHBEP
tEn el capazo o cucoEFMDPDIFEFQBTFPDPMPDBEPTJFNQSFFOQPTJDJØO
USBOTWFSTBMFOFMBTJFOUPUSBTFSPZmKBEPDPOMPTDJOUVSPOFTEFMWFIÓDVMPZDPO
MPTDJOUPTRVFTFBERVJFSFODPOFM,*5EFTFHVSJEBEEFMDBQB[P"EFNÈT
FM CFCÏ JSÈ TVKFUP BM DBQB[P DPO VO DJOUVSØOGBKB DFOUSBM BOUJQSPZFDDJØO
JODMVJEPUBNCJÏOFOEJDIP,*5
t En la silla de seguridad RVFTFQVFEFQPOFSUBOUPFOFMBTJFOUPEFMBOUFSP
TJ FM DPDIF OP UJFOF BJSCBH EF DPQJMPUP
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TFOUBEP QFSJPEPT EF UJFNQP NVZ MBSHPT Z QPS TVQVFTUP nunca le dejes
solo en el coche.
3FDVFSEBRVFFTUBTSFDPNFOEBDJPOFTUBNCJÏOTPOBQMJDBCMFTDVBOEPFMCFCÏ
WJBKFFOWFIÓDVMPTEJTUJOUPTBMIBCJUVBMPFOUBYJ
37
t)*(*&/&%&-".#*&/5&
5BCBDP
&MIVNPEFMUBCBDPFTQFSKVEJDJBMQBSBMBTBMVEEFUPEBTMBTQFSTPOBTEFMBT
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IVNP
&WJUBS TJFNQSF Z FO DVBMRVJFS DJSDVOTUBODJB FYQPOFSMFT BM IVNP EF UBCBDP
FODBTBFOFMDPDIFFODBTBTEFGBNJMJBSFTZBNJHPTZFODVBMRVJFSMVHBS
QÞCMJDP &M IVNP RVF TF MJCFSB BM BNCJFOUF B QBSUJS EFM UBCBDP DPOUJFOF
OJDPUJOBZDPNQVFTUPTDBSDJOØHFOPTZUPYJOBT
7FOUJMBS MBT FTUBODJBT EPOEF TF IB GVNBEP OP TJSWF QBSB MJNQJBS FM BJSF
"VORVFEJTNJOVZBFMPMPSPSJHJOBEPQPSFMIVNPTVTDPNQPOFOUFTRVÓNJDPT
UØYJDPTTØMPTFFMJNJOBOEFNBOFSBQBSDJBMQVFTUPRVFTFOFDFTJUBVOUJFNQP
DPOTJEFSBCMFQBSBSFOPWBSDPNQMFUBNFOUFFMBJSF
-PT IJKPT F IJKBT EF QFSTPOBT GVNBEPSBT TPO VO HSVQP EF FTQFDJBM SJFTHP
ZB RVF QVFEFO QBEFDFS DPO NBZPS GSFDVFODJB UPT PUJUJT Z FOGFSNFEBEFT
SFTQJSBUPSJBTDPNPOFVNPOÓBCSPORVJUJTZBTNB"EFNÈTEFFTUPTQSPCMFNBT
QBSBMBTBMVEUJFOFONBZPSQSPCBCJMJEBEEFTFSUBNCJÏOQFSTPOBTGVNBEPSBT
FOMBWJEBBEVMUB
1SPEVDUPTUØYJDPT
&TGSFDVFOUFVUJMJ[BSFOFMIPHBSTVTUBODJBTRVFEFTQSFOEFOWBQPSFTUØYJDPT
MJNQJBEPSFTEFMIPHBSJOTFDUJDJEBTQJOUVSBTEJTPMWFOUFTFUD
-BJOIBMBDJØO
EF FTUBT TVTUBODJBT FT FTQFDJBMNFOUF QFMJHSPTB QBSB MPT CFCÏT QPS MP RVF
OP EFCFO FTUBS FO DBTB DVBOEP TF VUJMJ[BO OJ NJFOUSBT EVSB FM QFSJPEP EF
UPYJDJEBE
38
t+6(6&5&4
-PTKVHVFUFTEFCFOTFSsiempre más grandes que la boca del bebé y
que no sean articulados.
$POUSPMBRVFUFOHBOMBNBSDB$&ZUFOFODVFOUBMBFEBEQBSBMBRVFFTUÈ
SFDPNFOEBEPFMKVHVFUF
39
C. SITUACIONES FRECUENTES
Y CUIDADOS DURANTE
LOS PRIMEROS MESES
¿QUÉ HACER?
$VBOEPFMCFCÏFTUÈNPMFTUPQVFEFTPGSFDFSMFFODBTBVOBTFSJFEFDVJEBEPT
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BMFRVJQPQFEJÈUSJDP0USBTWFDFTUFOESÈTRVFSFDVSSJSBÏM6OBHSBOQBSUF
EF MPT QSPCMFNBT EF TBMVE EFM CFCÏ TF SFTVFMWFO TJO NFEJDBNFOUPT "
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t&4$0$&%63"4
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t$VBOEPMBQJFMEFMB[POBEFMQB×BMFTUÏJSSJUBEBVUJMJ[BVOBDSFNBUJQPQBTUB
BMBHVBQBSBQSPUFHFSMB[POBEFMQB×BMZOPVTFTUPBMMJUBTMJNQJBEPSBT
41
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t3&"$$*0/&4%&-&.#"3";0
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t"VNFOUP EFM UBNB×P EFM QFDIP QVFEF IBCFS JODMVTP VOB MJHFSB
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ZBRVFTFQVFEFJOGFDUBS
t &YQVMTJØOEFVSBUPTFOMBPSJOBRVFUJ×FOMPTQB×BMFTMJHFSBNFOUFEFDPMPS
TBMNØO
t"CVOEBOUFNVDPTJEBEPMJHFSPTBOHSBEPWBHJOBMFOMBOJ×B"NCPTUBNCJÏO
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%FBNFTFTUPEPQSPDFTPGFCSJMEFCFTFSWJTUPPDPOTVMUBEP
42
4JFMCFCÏFTNFOPSEFNFTFTFTVOBTJUVBDJØORVFIBZRVFDPOTVMUBSEF
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t.6(6&5
.BODIBTCMBODBTFOMBMFOHVBZQBSFEFTEFMBCPDBQSPEVDJEBTQPSiIPOHPTw
t$»-*$04
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SFQJUFODBTJBEJBSJPTPCSFUPEPQPSMBTUBSEFTZOPDIFT4FQSFTFOUBOEVSBOUF
MPTQSJNFSPTNFTFTEFWJEB/PFTVOBFOGFSNFEBE
43
$ØHFMF FO DVBOUP FNQJF[BO MPT QSJNFSPT TJHOPT BQSFUÈOEPMF TVBWFNFOUF
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t7».*504
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MFDIFFTPTFMFMMBNBiSFHVSHJUBDJØOw/POPTEFCFEFQSFPDVQBSNJFOUSBTFM
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44
QVFEF WBSJBS EFTEF MÓRVJEB IBTUB QBTUB FTQFTB $PO MBDUBODJB NBUFSOB
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PTJODPMPSCMBODBT
&MSFTUPEFMBTUPOBMJEBEFTEFQFOEFOEFMUJFNQPEFMUSÈOTJUPEFMPTBMJNFOUPT
QPSFMUVCPEJHFTUJWPZOPTPOJNQPSUBOUFT
/PTFDPOTJEFSBOPSNBMRVFFYJTUBODBNCJPTSFQFOUJOPTFOMBDPOTJTUFODJBEF
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t-&("º"4
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$POTVMUBSDPOFMFRVJQPQFEJÈUSJDPTJFMPKPFTUÈSPKPQPSEFOUSP
45
Aurkibidea
A. AMAREN ZAINKETA ERDITZEAREN ONDOREN................................ 3
t1VFSQFSJPBFEPFSEJUVPOEPLPBSPB............................................... 3
t4FYVIBSSFNBOBL ........................................................................ 4
t&MJLBEVSB ................................................................................... 5
t5BCBLPBBMLPIPMBCPUJLBL .......................................................... 8
t+BSEVFSBmTJLPB .......................................................................... 9
B.
+"*0#&33*"3&/;"*/,&5"........................................................... 15
t+BJPCFSSJBSFOLPOUSPMBL ............................................................. 15
t&MJLBEVSBMFIFOIJMFFUBO............................................................. 16
t)JHJFOFB.................................................................................. 26
t"SSPQB .................................................................................... 29
t-PB ......................................................................................... 30
t/FHBSSB .................................................................................. 32
t1BTJFSB .................................................................................... 34
t#JEBJBL.................................................................................... 37
t*OHVSVLPIJHJFOFB ..................................................................... 38
t+PTUBJMVBL ................................................................................. 39
C.0)*,0&(0&3",&5";"*/,&5",
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t&SSFEVSBL................................................................................. 41
t4VEVSCVYBEVSB ........................................................................ 42
t)BVSEVOBMEJLPFSSFBL[JPBL........................................................ 42
t4VLBSSB ................................................................................... 42
t.VHVFU.................................................................................... 43
t,PMJLPBL .................................................................................. 43
t#PUBLB..................................................................................... 44
t(PSP[LJBL................................................................................ 44
t#FLBSSBL .................................................................................. 45
A. AMAREN ZAINKETA
ERDITZEAREN ONDOREN
"NBJ[BUFBCJLPUFLJEFBSFLJOFSBCBLJCBEV[VBSEVSBIPSJCFSBSFLJOQBSUFLBUV
CFIBSLP [FOVLF /PMB BJUBL IBMB BNBL FHPFSB CFSSJSB FHPLJUV CFIBSSB
EBVLBUFVNFUYPBSFOQSFNJFUBSBFUBFSSJUNPFUBSB
&SEJU[FBSFOPOEPSFOVNFUYPBSFLJOMFIFOBMEJ[FHPUFLPVOFBJSJUTJEBB[LFOFBO
QP[B EB OBHVTJ CBJOB BMEJ CFSFBO TFHVSUBTVOHBCF[JB FSF TFOUJU[FO EB
VNFUYPB [BJOU[FBSFO JOHVSVBO "NB TFOUJNFOEV LPOUSBKBSSJBL TFOUJU[FO IBT
EBJUFLFFUBCBMJUFLFIPSSFHBUJLIBSSJUVUBFEPLF[LBUVUBFHPUFB/PSNBMBEB
6NFUYPBKBJPPOEPSFOHPOFLFBLFUBIPSNPOBBMEBLFUFLFSBHJUFOEVUFIPSJ
,PNFOJHBSSJ EB IPSSJ CVSV[ IJU[ FHJUFB CJLPUFLJEFBSFLJO FEP LPOmBOU[BLP
OPSCBJUFLJO-BHVOEVFHJOHPEJ[VUFFUBBIPMLVFNBO
t16&31&3*0"&%0&3%*560/%0,0"30"
&SEJU[FBSFO POEPLP BSPB EB QVFSQFSJPB JOEBSCFSSJU[FLP FHPLJU[FLP FUB
BNBLBUTFEFOIBSU[FLPBSPB
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"MEBLFUB mTJLPBL TFOUJUVLP EJUV[V FUB CBMJUFLF POEPF[B FUB NJOB TFOUJU[FB
VNFUPLJBSFO FUB PCVMVUFHJBSFO BMEFBO /PSNBMB EB 6NFUPLJB CFSF PIJLP
UBNBJOBIBSU[FOBSJEFMBLPHFSUBU[FOEB
&SEJU[FBSFOPOEPSFOOPSNBMBJ[BUFOEBodola galtzeaQJYLBOBLBHFSP
FUB PEPM HVUYJBHP HBMEVLP EV[V 0EPMBSFO LPMPSFB BMEBUV[ KPBOHP EB
IBTJFSBOHPSSJJMVOBHFSPQPMJLJQPMJLJBSHJBHPBJ[BOHPEBFUBB[LFOFBO
[VSJIPSJYLB0EPMBLVTBJOUYBSSBCBEVFEPTVLBSSBCBEV[VKPBO[BJUF[[VSF
UPLPHJOFLPMPHPBSFOHBOBFEPFNBHJOBSFOHBOB
3
Episiotomia FHJO CBEJ[VUF CBMJUFLF BMEFSEJ IPSJ UFOLBUVUB TFOUJU[FB MFIFO
FHVOFUBO/PSNBMBEB1VOUVBLBTUFQBSFCBUFBOKBVTUFOEJSB
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IPSJ *EPSSFSJBL MBSSJBHPUV FHJO EF[BLF BSB[PB 4BJB [BJUF[ JEPSSFSJBSJL F[
J[BUFO
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CBJUBVNFUYPBFSF
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FUYFSBCJTJUBFHJUFSBEBUP[LJ[VOBLHVUYJLBFUPSU[FBLPNFOJEBJOEBSCFSSJU[FO
[BSFOBSUF
t4&96)"33&."/",
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4
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(BSSBOU[JUTVBEBCJLPUFLJEFBSFLJOIPSSJCVSV[IJU[FHJUFBJSUFOCJEFSJLPOFOB
BVSLJUVBIBMJ[BUFLP%FOBEFOF[EBHPQSFTBSJLLPJUPIBSSFNBOFLJOIBTUFLP
#FTUFIBSSFNBONPEVCBU[VLFSFBTFHBSSJJ[BOEBJUF[LF
1FOFUSB[JPCJEF[LPIBSSFNBOFLJOIBTUFO[BSFUFOFBOCFTUFIBVSEVOBMEJCBU
TBJIFTUVOBIJJ[BOF[HFSPLPOUSB[FQ[JPNFUPEPSFOCBUFSBCJMJ
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t&-*,"%63"
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BNOJPUJLPB FUB LBSFOB LBOQPSBUV POEPSFO QJTVB HBMU[FB [FMVMB[ LBOQPLP
5
6
MJLJEPBLoIBVSEVOBMEJBOBUYJLJBLoHBMU[FBPEPMBSFOCPMVNFOBMFIFOHPSBU[FB
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CBUF[ CFTUF LBMPSJB HFIJBHP CFIBS EJUV[V HVUYJ HPSBCFIFSB ,BMPSJB
HFIJFOBL [VSF HPSQVU[FLP FSSFTFSCFUBUJL FUPSSJLP EJSB CBJOB HBJOFSBLPB
FMJLBEVSBSFOCJEF[IBSUVCFIBSLPEV[V
Titia ematen ari den amaren dietan behar beste mantenugai
ez egoteak esnearen osaerari eragin diezaioke, eta ondorioz,
umetxoaren eta amaren osasunari ere bai.
4BJBUV[VSFFMJLBEVSB040"J[BOEBEJOIBVEBPSHBOJTNPBLCFIBSEJUVFO
NBOUFOVHBJ HV[UJBL J[BO EJU[BMB CFIBS EFO OFVSSJBO FMJLBEVSB PTPB FUB
OREKATUAJ[BOEBEJMBFMJLBHBJGSFTLPBLFUBCBUF[FSFMBOEBSFKBUPSSJ[LPBL
KBO NPUB BTLPUBLPBL F[ IBSUV FEBSJ BMLPIPMEVOJL FUB OVUSJ[JPLBMJUBUF
FTLBTFLPFMJLBHBJSJLFEPBIBMJLFUBHVUYJFOIBSUV
t;VSF proteinaCFIBSSBL OPSNBMFBO CBJOP IBMBLP CJ EJSB -FIFOUBTVOF[
HBOU[ HVUYJLP PLFMB KBO IFHB[UJBL BSSBJO [VSJB FUB VSEJOB BSSBVU[BL
FTOFBFUBFTOFLJBLHBJOHBCFUVBLIPCFUP
t Karbono-hidrato LPOQMFYV VHBSJ EJUV[UFO FMJLBHBJBL HFIJBHP IBSUV
[FSFBMBLMFIFOUBTVOF[JOUFHSBMBLPHJBBSSP[BQBTUB
QBUBUBLFUBMFLBMFBL
t&[HVUYJUVGVOUTF[LPHBOU[B[JEPVHBSJEVUFOLPJQFBLFUB&CJUBNJOBPMJCB
PMJPCJSKJOBFEPGSVJUVMFIPSSBL
GVOUTF[LPBLCBJUJSBFTOFBFHJUFLP
t Ugatz-guruinak ezin du bitaminarik sintetizatu #FSB[ BNBSFO
PEPMBSFO CJEF[ IBS EBJUF[LF TPJMJL FUB IPSSFHBUJL " $ % & # FUB #
CJUBNJOB eta azido foliko gehiago hartu behar duzu )PSSFHBUJL
PLFMB[FUBFTOFLJF[HBJOF[JOCFTUFLPBEBCBSB[LJFUBGSVUBGSFTLPBTLPKBUFB
t&TOFLJBLEJSBLBMU[JPJUVSSJHBSSBOU[JUTVFOBFUBNJOFSBMIPSJBNBFTOFBSFO
GVOUTF[LPPTBHBJBEFOF[LPNFOJ[BJ[V3/4MJUSPFTOFFEPEFSJCBUVIBSU[FB
FHVOFBOKaltzioaEVUFOCFTUFFMJLBHBJCBU[VL[JB[FSCBLGSVJUVMFIPSSBL
J[PLJOBTBSEJOBLFLJMPSFIB[JBLFUBC
tZuntz VHBSJ EVUFO FMJLBHBJFL PHJ JOUFHSBMB CBSB[LJBL GSVUBL FUBC
JEPSSFSJBSJLF[J[BUFOMBHVOU[FOEVUF
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tLikidoFLBSQFOFHPLJBCFSNBUVCFIBSEV[V[VLVBLJOGVTJPBLFUBCBUF[
FSFVSBVSBCBJUBBNBFTOFBSFOFUBCFSSFTLVSBUVFHJOCFIBSEB
tGatzHVUYJIBSUVCBJOBIBSU[FOEV[VOBiododunaJ[BOEBEJMBVNFUYPBSJ
HBSBU[FLPCFIBSEVFOJPEPBFNBOHPCBJUJP
tSaihestu PUPSEVFUBUJL LBOQPLP mokadu-jateak CFSF[JLJ LPJQF FUB
B[VLSF VHBSJLP FMJLBHBJBL PQJMBL QBTUFMBL FEP GSFTLBHBSSJBL FTBUF
CBUFSBLP.
,PNFOJ [BJ[V FOFSHJB FUB NBOUFOVHBJFLBSQFOB CPTU PUPSEVUBO CBOBU[FB
FHVOFBO gosaria, hamarretakoa, bazkaria, askaria eta afaria.
&OFSHJBFLBSQFOHFIJBHPIBSUVFHVOBSFOMFIFOFSEJBOHPTBSJBIBNBSSFUBLPB
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FUB BTNB
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4FOEBHBJBTLPBNBFTOFSBQBTBU[FOEJSB#FSB[sendagaiCBUIBSUVCBJOP
MFIFO[VSFPTBTVO[FOUSPBOLPOUTVMUBUV
8
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PTBTVOFHPFSBIPCFBJ[BOHPEV[V
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t;VSFNVTLVMVUPOVBSJFVTUFLPFUBHBJOQJTVBLPOUSPMBU[FOMBHVOU[FLP
t)BVSEVOBMEJBOTPSSBSB[JUBLPHPSQVU[EFTLPOQFOUTB[JPBFLJEJUFLP
t&EPTLJU[FBOHPSQVU[KBSSFSBPTBTVOHBSSJBFEVLJU[FLP
t&OFSHJBHFIJBHPHPHPBMEBSUFIPCFBFUBJSVEJIPCFBFEVLJU[FLP
t0TUFPQPSPTJBTBJIFTUFLPFUBIF[VSLBMU[JmLB[JPBSJMBHVOU[FLP
9
&HVOBSFOIBTJFSBOKBSEVFSBBFSPCJLPBSJOCBUFHJOEF[BLF[VQBTJFSBOJCJMJ
CJ[JLMFUBOJCJMJFEPJHFSJFHJO"TUFBOIJSVUBOKBSEVFSBHPHPSSBHPBLFHJUFB
LPNFOJ[BJ[VNVTLVMVBLTFOEPU[FLPFUBMV[BU[FBLFHJUFLPHJNOBTJBZPHB
EBOU[B BSUF NBSU[JBMBL FUBC
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JOEBSU[FLPBCEPNFOUPOVBFUBKBSSFSBPSFLBCFSSFTLVSBU[FLPoIBVSEVOBMEJBO
BMEBUVUBFHPOCBJUJSBoFUBnFCJUJTBTBJIFTUFLPCJEFSBUVCFIBSMJU[BUFLF
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FHJOEBJUF[LFMFVOLJFUBEFOCPSBMBCVSCBUF[CFTUFCBU[VLBMEJ[HFSPBHP
FHJOEJU[BLF[VJOEBSCFSSJUVBIBMB
Gogoan izan:
t"SJLFUBLFUYFBOCFSUBOFHJOEJU[BLF[VFSSFHVMBSLJFHVOFSP
t"SJLFUBLFHJUFBOTBJB[BJUF[NVHJNFOEV[BLBSSJLF[FHJUFO
t&NBHJOBSJLPOUTVMUBUV"SJLFUBQSPHSBNBQFSUTPOBMJ[BU[FOMBHVOEVLPEJ[V
"SOBTLFUBBSJLFUBL
0IFBO FU[BOEB CFMBVOBL CVSLP CBUFO HBJOFBO FSEJnFYJPOBUVUB EJUV[VMB
FEP FTFSJUB TVEVSSFUJL TBLPO IBSUV BSOBTB TBCFMB QV[UV[ FUB HFSP BIPUJL
CPUBQPMJLJQPMJLJ
;JSLVMB[JPBSJLFUBL
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10
t#FIBU[BLUPMFTUVFUBMV[BUV
t;BOHPBLUPMFTUVFUBMV[BUVPSLBUJMBLNVHJUV[
t;BOHPFLJO[JSLVMVBLFHJOPSLBUJMBLCBSSVSBOU[FUBLBOQPSBOU[CJSBUV[
t0IFBO FU[BOEB [BOHPBL MV[BUVUB EJUV[VMB CFMBVOFO BU[FLP BMEFB
CFIFSBOU[QSFTJPOBUVPIFBSFOLPOUSBFUBFSMBYBUV
1FSJOFPBJOEBSU[FLPBSJLFUBL
"SJLFUBNPUBIPOFOCJEF[NVTLVMVUPOVBFUBTFOUTJCJMJ[B[JPBCFSSFTLVSBU[FO
EBBMEFSEJIPSSFUBOoFSEJU[FBOLBMUFIBOEJBKBTBUFOCBJUVoFUBBVSSFBIBSU[FO
[BJFHBJU[FJHFSOVJIFTBLFEPHBMFSBL
&SEJU[FBSFO PTUFLP [PSU[J FEP IBNBS FHVO POEPSFO IBT [BJUF[LF BSJLFUPL
FHJUFO QPMJLJQPMJLJ CFIBSUV HBCF FQJTJPUFNJBL V[UFO EJ[VOFBO FUB CFUJ
NBTLVSJBIVUTJLEV[VMB
t#BHJOBFUBV[LJBJOHVSBU[FOEVUFONVTLVMVBLV[LVSUVHFSOVBSJFUBFHJOLBSJFJ
FVTUFO TBJBU[FO BSJ CB[JOB CF[BMB FHPO IPSSFMB TFHVOEP CBU[VFUBO FUB
HFSPFSMBYBUVV[LVSUVUBFHPO[BSFOEFOCPSBSFOCJLPJU[B
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[BSFOFBO FEP EVUYBU[FO BSJ [BSFO CJUBSUFBO FHJO EF[BLF[V &[ FHJO
IPSSFMBLPBSJLFUBSJLUYJ[BFHJUFOBSJ[BSFOCJUBSUFBO
11
t&U[BOEB CFMBVOBL nFYJPOBUVUB CFMBVO CJFO BSUFBO CVSLP CBU KBSSJ FUB
CFMBVO CBU CFTUFBSFO LPOUSB HPHPS CVMU[BUV CPTU BSUF [FOCBUV FUB IBSUV
BUTFEFO
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5JUJBFNBOPOEPSFOFHJOCFUJ
t;VUJL FEP KBSSJUB nFYJPOBUV JU[B[V CFTPBL VLPOEPBL TPSCBMEFO QBSFBO
KBSSJ[ &TLV CBLPJU[BSFLJO LPOUSBLP CFTBVSSFBSJ FVUTJ FUB V[LVSUV FTLVBL
LPOUSBLPVLPOEPSBIVSCJMEV[
t+BSSJUB CJSBUV TPSCBMEBL BU[FSBOU[ CJ[LBSSFBO FTLVBL CBUV[ 4PSCBMEBL
FUBCFTPBLBU[FSBOU[MV[BUVQFSJOFPBFSFV[LVSUV[MBVBSUF[FOCBUVFUB
FSMBYBUV
12
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B
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LVSCBU[FLP
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13
B. JAIOBERRIAREN ZAINKETA
6NFUYPB QPMJLJQPMJLJ CFSF JOHVSVOF CFSSJBO PSJFOUBUV[ KPBOHP EB
[FOU[VNFOFOCJUBSUF[(BSSBOU[JUTVBEBGBNJMJBHJSPMBTBJBJ[BUFB6NFUYPBL
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CBEJUV[ViHBMEVwFHJOHPEV[VBVLFSBIPSJ
;VSFVNFUYPBLTFOUJUVFHJUFOEVJLVTJF[BHVUVVMFSUVFUBHVTUVSBEBHPFMB
FUB NBJUBUVB EFMB TFOUJUV EF[BLF &EP[FJO VOF BQSPCFUYBUV KBUFO FNBUFO
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EV[VOFBO y
TFOUJU[FO EV[VO NBJUBTVO FUB TBNVSUBTVO PTPB VNFUYPBSJ
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t+"*0#&33*"3&/,0/530-",
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15
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30
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32
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33
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34
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35
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37
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38
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41
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43
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45