Título Tipografía: calibri 32 puntos, negrita

Nuclear Research Reactor
TRIGA IAN-R1
Jaime Sandoval Lagos
Supervisor Reactor Nuclear
October 2014
INTRODUCTION
•
The Nuclear Reactor IAN-R1 went critical on February 1965. It was run by the
“Instituto de Asuntos Nucleares” (IAN) and operated to a power of 10kWth.
•
Its operating power was upgraded to 30 kWth in 1980. General Atomics succesfully
converted its MTR-HEU 93% U-235 into LEU 20% enriched TRIGA fuel in 1997.
•
The “Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería” INGEOMINAS, currently
“Servicio Geológico Colombiano” (SGC), has been in charge of the Nuclear Reactor
since 1998.
•
The Reactor had been on extended shutdown from 1998 to 2005.
•
The Colombian Geological Survey (SGC) formed a qualified group for operation,
upgraded the Reactor’s Instrumentation and Control Systems, and was granted an
operating licence for the next 5 consecutive years.
DESCRIPTION
•
The TRIGA Nuclear Reactor IAN-R1 is a
graphite reflected, water moderated,
pool type reactor. It operates at 30kWth
and uses 20% enriched U235 for fuel.
•
The Reactor’s Core lies inside a 16 m3
cylindrical pool surrounded by concrete.
•
A Plutonium-Beryllium (Pu-Be) neutron
source is used to start the nuclear chain
reaction.
Instrumentation & Controls
Irradiation Facilities
•
Two Pneumatic Systems:
In-core Flux: 7.8 x1011 n/cm2s.
Out-of-core Flux: 1 x109 n/cm2s
•
Two Beam Ports. (Not currently in use)
•
One Hot Cell
Cooling System
t<40°C
Water Purification System
Conductivity < 2 μS/cm
pH [5.5-6.0]
Physical Security
•
•
Colombia is part of the “Convención •
Protección Física de Materiales
•
Nucleares” (Ley 728 de 2001)
Follow guidelines from the IAEA
•
Perimeter
Infrared System
Biometric and Intercom Systems
• Access Control
• Alarms
• Fire Safety
Legal Aspects
•
Regulating Authority: Ministerio de
Minas y Energía.
– Resolución 181475 -12 Nov- 2004
Licence requirements for Nuclear
Installations and Regulations.
– Resolución 181434 5-Dic-2002
Radiation Protection and Safety
Regulations.
– Resolución 18005 5-Ene-2010
Regulations for Nuclear Waste
Disposal.
Actual Licence:
Licencia Número IANR1 – 011 Expedida el
16 de septiembre de 2014.
Valid for up to Five (5) Years.
• Reactor’s Legal Documents
– Reporte Análisis de Seguridad
(SAR).
– Manual de Seguridad.
– Manual de Funcionamiento.
– Manual de Protección
Radiológica.
– Manual de Mantenimiento.
– Manual Plan de Emergencias.
– Manual de Garantía de Calidad.
– Manual de Protección Física.
– Manual de Especificaciones
Técnicas.
International Treaties
• The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT.
• Tlatelolco Treaty of 1967. Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in
Latin America.
– Safeguards (IAEA). Law 47, December 16 1982.
– Tratado de la prohibición completa de ensayos nucleares.
Ley 660 del 30 de julio de 2001. COLOMBIA.
Nuclear Fission
• Nuclear Fission
U-235
A + B + 210 MeV
• Neutron Flux
Newborn neutrons scatter in all
directions.
IAN-R1’s Neutrón Flux:
4C= 7.8 x1011 n/cm2s
3D= 6.5 x1011 n/cm2s
5E= 3.6 x1011 n/cm2s
4F= 3.8 x1011 n/cm2s [1]
Multiplication Factor
•
Average Neutrón’s Lifetime 10-7s
•
Not all newborn neutrons cause
another nuclear fission in the fuel.
•
•
•
Keff = 1 Critical
Keff > 1 Super-Critical
Keff < 1 Sub-Critical
•
K∞=εpfη
ε = Fast fission factor
η = Thermal fission factor
p = Resonance escape probability
f = Thermal utilization factor
Reactivity (ρ)
•
It is the deviation from Critical (Keff = 1 Critical Reactor).
•
•
Keff - 1.0 = +/- δK = K excess
Relation between ρ and Keff
Control Rods
•
•
3 Boron Carbide (B4C) Control Rods.
Control Rod Worth:
–
–
–
•
•
Rod 1
Rod 2
Rod 3
$ 3.25
$ 2.89
$ 3.39
Excess Reactivity: $2.18
Shutdown Margin (Rod 3 out of core)
$3.96
Nuclear Waste Disposal
• Decay Pool.
• Radioactive Waste Center
(Deposit)
• U.S.A. Nuclear Fuel
Repatriation.
Reactor Uses
• Potential uses:
– Research
• Neutron Radiography
• Neutron Diffraction
– Training
• Nuclear Physics
• Reactor Operation
– Radioisotope Production
• Br-82, P-32, La-140, Au-198.
– Sample Analysis
•
•
•
•
Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA)
Delayed Neutrons
Thermochronology (Fission Tracks)
Biological Samples
Bibliography
1.
2.
3.
H. Böck, M. Villa. Physics and Kinetics Of TRIGA Reactor . Vienna University of Technology,
Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities. 2008
J.A. Sarta, L.A. Castiblanco. Neutron Flux Measurement and Thermal Power Calibration of
The IAN-R1 TRIGA Reactor.2008.
R.M. Gomes do Prado Souza, A.Z. Mesquita, L.A. Castiblanco. Hot Commissioning Test and
Technical Results of the IAN-R1 TRIGA Reactor. 3nd WORLD TRIGA USERS CONFERENCE –
Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.2005.
Thank You