5HDOWLPH&HQWUDOL]HG&RQWURO6FKHPHIRU(QHUJ\
0DQDJHPHQWLQ6PDUW0LFURJULGV
:((ODPLQDQG0)6KDDEDQ
'HSDUWPHQWRI(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ
$PHULFDQ8QLYHUVLW\RI6KDUMDK
6KDUMDK8$(
J#DXVHGXPVKDDEDQ#DXVHGX
IRU'(5XQLWV$XWKRUVLQ>@DQG>@LQWURGXFHDSSURDFKHV
Abstract— 7KLV ZRUN LQWURGXFHV D QHZ UHDOWLPH HQHUJ\
WKDW PDQDJH ORDGV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKHLU SULRULW\ ZKHUH WKH
PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHP (06 IRU VPDUW PLFURJULGV 0*V FXVWRPHUVVSHFLI\WKHLUSULRULWLHVIRUGLIIHUHQWORDGVDFFRUGLQJ
ZLWK VHYHUDO GLVWULEXWHG HQHUJ\ UHVRXUFHV '(5 WRWKHLUSUHIHUHQFHV$QRWKHU'60PHWKRGLVSURSRVHGLQ>@
WHFKQRORJLHV VXFK DV FRQWUROOHG 39 SDQHOV GLVSDWFKDEOH
ZKLFK UHOLHV RQ JURXSLQJ WKH ORDGV EDVHG RQ WKHLU
GLVWULEXWHGJHQHUDWLRQ '* FDSDFLWRUEDQNVDQGEDWWHU\
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV 6RPH ORDGV DUH FRQVLGHUHG WR EH
HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH V\VWHP %(66 7KH DLP RI WKLV ZRUN LV WR
WKHUPRVWDWLFDOO\ FRQWUROOHG DQG RWKHUV DUH SULFH GHSHQGHQW
GHYHORSDUHDOWLPHPLFURJULGFHQWUDOL]HGFRQWUROOHUZKLFK
+RZHYHU WKHUH LV QR FOHDU LGHQWLILFDWLRQ RI WKH UHDOWLPH
optimally schedules the grid and customers’ assets to
PDQDJHPHQW RI LQIRUPDWLRQ IURP DQG WR WKH FRQWUROOHU 7KH
EHQHILW ERWK WKH JULG RSHUDWRUV DQG WKH FRQVXPHUV 7KH
'60 DSSURDFK proposed in [12] didn’t include customers’
SURSRVHG DSSURDFK XWLOL]HV WKH UROOLQJ KRUL]RQ FRQFHSW WR
SUHIHUHQFHV7KHZRUNSURSRVHGLQ>@IRFXVHVRQPDQDJLQJ
PDQDJH UHDOWLPH LQIRUPDWLRQ 6LPXODWLRQ UHVXOWV SURYH
WKH KRXVHKROG RZQHG HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH V\VWHPV (66 7KH
WKHUREXVWQHVVDQGHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIWKHSURSRVHGDSSURDFK
SURSRVHGDSSURDFKDLPVDWUHGXFLQJWKHRYHUDOOV\VWHPFDSLWDO
LQUHGXFLQJWKHRSHUDWLRQDOFRVWV
DQGRSHUDWLQJFRVWV
'D\DKHDGEDVHGDSSURDFKHVDUHQRWWDLORUHGWRGHDOZLWKWKH
Index Terms—GHPDQG VLGH PDQDJHPHQW GLVWULEXWHG
LQWHUPLWWHQW QDWXUH RI UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ UHVRXUFHV ZKHUHDV
HQHUJ\UHVRXUFHVPLFURJULGVPDUWJULGV
RQOLQH PHDVXUHPHQWV DQG FDOFXODWLRQV DUH PRUH DFFXUDWH >@
, ,1752'8&7,21
>@ ,Q UHFHQW ZRUN WKH GD\DKHDG DSSURDFKHV DUH VWLOO
SURSRVHG DV LQ >@ ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKHVH DSSURDFKHV GR QRW
'HPDQG VLGH PDQDJHPHQW '60 LV WKH SURFHVV WKDW
DOORZ GHFLVLRQ XSGDWH WKXV DQ\ FKDQJH LQ customers’
PDQDJHV WKH HQHUJ\ GHPDQG DQG WKH JHQHUDWLRQ VXSSO\ ZLWK
EHKDYLRU RU DQ\ QHZ FRQQHFWHG DSSOLDQFH ZLOO QRW EH
the aim to satisfy the customers’ preferences WR LQFUHDVH
DFFRPSDQLHGE\GHFLVLRQXSGDWH2QWKHRWKHUKDQGUHDOWLPH
HIILFLHQF\DQGWRUHGXFHRSHUDWLRQDOFRVWV>@'60FDQEH
DSSURDFKHV FDQ RIIHU PRUH IOH[LELOLW\ E\ XSGDWLQJ WKHLU
UHDOL]HGE\JULGRSHUDWRUVLQWKHIRUPRIVWUDWHJLHVWKDWIODWWHQ
GHFLVLRQV HYHU\ VKRUW SHULRG ZKLFK FDQ EH GHILQHG SULRU WR
WKHGHPDQGFXUYHRU RSWLPL]HLWIRUDVSHFLILFGHVLUHGSDWWHUQ
GHSOR\LQJWKH(06,QUHDOWLPHRSHUDWLRQWKHFRQVXPHUVFDQ
>@ 6PDUW JULG XWLOL]HV WKH DGYDQFHPHQW LQ LQIRUPDWLRQ DQG
FKDQJH WKHLU SUHIHUHQFHV DW DQ\ WLPH DQG FRQQHFW QHZ
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ WHFKQRORJLHV WR RIIHU D VPDUWHU RSHUDWLRQ RI
HTXLSPHQW
WKH JULG ZLWK FXVWRPHU LQWHUDFWLRQ 7KXV '60 LV FRQVLGHUHG
)URPWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRIWKHFRQWUROOHUGHVLJQDOOWKHZRUN
DVRQHRIWKHIXQFWLRQVWKDWVPDUWJULGVFDQRIIHU XWLOL]LQJWKH
LQ WKH OLWHUDWXUH FDQ EH GLYLGHG LQWR WZR FDWHJRULHV UHJDUGLQJ
DOUHDG\GHYHORSHGFRPPXQLFDWLRQLQIUDVWUXFWXUH
WKHORFDWLRQRIWKHFRQWUROOHU V FHQWUDOL]HGFRQWUROOHUV>@
DSM via controlling customers’ equipment is already
DQG GHFHQWUDOL]HG FRQWUROOHUV >@ 'HVSLWH WKH DGYDQWDJH
LPSOHPHQWHGZLWKPDQ\JULGRSHUDWRUVLQ1RUWK$PHULFDVXFK
RIWKHGLVWULEXWHGFRQWUROVFKHPHVRYHUWKHFHQWUDOL]HGFRQWURO
DV 1HZ <RUN LQGHSHQGHQW V\VWHP RSHUDWRU 1<62 >@ DQG
VFKHPHVZKLFKKDYHRQHSRLQWRIIDLOXUHJULGRSHUDWRUVSUHIHU
2QWDULR LQGHSHQGHQW HOHFWULFLW\ V\VWHP RSHUDWRU ,(62 >@
FHQWUDOL]HGFRQWUROV\VWHPVDVWKH\SURYHGWKHLUUREXVWQHVVIRU
+RZHYHU '60 VWUDWHJLHV DUH DGRSWHG RQO\ GXULQJ SHDN
GHFDGHV LQ PDQDJLQJ SRZHU V\VWHPV DQG WKH\ DUH
GHPDQGV RU LQ FDVHV ZKHUH WKH SRZHU V\VWHP UHOLDELOLW\ LV
FKDUDFWHUL]HGE\GHFUHDVHGULVNRIWHFKQRORJLFDOPDOIXQFWLRQ
MHRSDUGL]HG 7KUHH VWUDWHJLHV FDQ EH DSSOLHG WR UHDOL]H WKH
%DVHG RQ WKH DIRUHPHQWLRQHG GLVFXVVLRQ WKLV ZRUN
'60SURJUDPV>@ FXVWRPHUVFDQLQWHUUXSWWKHLUHTXLSPHQW
LQWURGXFHV QHZ FHQWUDOL]HG UHDOWLPH HQHUJ\ PDQDJHPHQW
FRQVXPSWLRQ WKH\ FDQ VKLIW WKHLU FRQVXPSWLRQ WR RIISHDN
V\VWHP &5(06 IRUVPDUWPLFURJULGV 0*V 7KHDLPRIWKLV
SHULRGV DQG WKH\ FDQ XVH GLVWULEXWHG HQHUJ\ UHVRXUFHV
ZRUN LV WR GHYHORS DQ 0* FHQWUDOL]HG FRQWUROOHU ZKLFK
'(5 WRPDQDJHWKHLUGHPDQGSURILOH,QWKLVFRQWH[WVHYHUDO
RSWLPDOO\ VFKHGXOHV WKH V\VWHP DVVHWV LQ UHDOWLPH WR EHQHILW
DSSURDFKHVKDYHEHHQSURSRVHGLQWKHOLWHUDWXUH$FHQWUDOL]HG
ERWKWKHJULGRSHUDWRUVDQGWKHFRQVXPHUV0*VFDQRSHUDWHLQ
FRQWURO V\VWHP LV LPSOHPHQWHG LQ >@ WR LQFUHDVH WKH V\VWHP
WZR PRGHV JULGFRQQHFWHG DQG LVRODWHG PRGH RI RSHUDWLRQ
VHFXULW\ 7KH SURSRVHG VFKHPH XWLOL]HV D GLVWULEXWHG FRQWURO
7KLVSXEOLFDWLRQZDVPDGHSRVVLEOHE\1353JUDQW1353
IURPWKH4DWDU1DWLRQDO5HVHDUFK)XQG DPHPEHURI4DWDU)RXQGDWLRQ 7KH
VWDWHPHQWVPDGHKHUHLQDUHVROHO\WKHUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHDXWKRUV
,(((
Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad del Valle. Downloaded on May 09,2023 at 01:52:02 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
7KH SUHVHQWHG ZRUN IRFXVHV RQ JULGFRQQHFWHG PRGH RI
RSHUDWLRQZKLFKLVWKH W\SLFDOPRGHRIVXFKV\VWHPV)RUWKH
HDVH RI SUDFWLFDO LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ DQG UHDOWLPH LQIRUPDWLRQ
PDQDJHPHQWDUROOLQJWLPHZLQGRZ 57: LVXWLOL]HGLQWKLV
work to control the grid and customers’ assets7KHUHDOWLPH
RSWLPDOHQHUJ\PDQDJHPHQWSUREOHPLVIRUPXODWHGDV PL[HG
LQWHJHUQRQOLQHDUSURJUDPPLQJ 0,1/3 7KH SUREOHP PRGHO DQG WKH LPSOHPHQWHG DOJRULWKP DUH
SUHVHQWHG LQ WKH QH[W VHFWLRQ 6HFWLRQ ,,, RIIHUV WKH
PDWKHPDWLFDO IRUPXODWLRQ RI WKH SUREOHP 6HFWLRQV ,9 DQG 9
LQWURGXFH WKH FDVH VWXG\ DQG WKH UHVXOWV DQDO\VLV )LQDOO\
6HFWLRQ9,SUHVHQWVWKHFRQFOXGLQJUHPDUNV
,,
$5&+,7(&785(2)7+(352326('6&+(0(
7KLV ZRUN DLPV WR UHGXFH RSHUDWLQJ FRVWV DQG WR LQFUHDVH
FRQVXPHU VDWLVIDFWLRQ 7KH SURSRVHG &5(06 LV FRPSRVHG RI
WKUHHHQJLQHVFRQWUROOHGE\WKHFHQWUDO0*FRQWUROOHU 0*& DVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KHUHDOWLPHSURFHVVFDQEHH[SODLQHGLQ
VL[ VHTXHQWLDO VWDJHV ZKLFK DUH KLJKOLJKWHG LQ )LJXUH DQG
GLVFXVVHGLQWKH QH[WVXEVHFWLRQV7KHVL[VWDJHVRIWKH0*&
IXOOF\FOHDUHWREHH[HFXWHGZLWKLQDWLPHVWHSοݐ7RLQFOXGH
LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW IXWXUH IRUHFDVWHG JHQHUDWLRQ GHPDQG DQG
HQHUJ\ SULFHV WKH 0*& VROYHV WKH HQHUJ\ PDQDJHPHQW
SUREOHPIRUWKHGXUDWLRQRIWKHPRYLQJWLPHZLQGRZTwLQWKH
IXWXUH DV VKRZQ LQ WKH 57: LQ )LJXUH 57: LV XWLOL]HG WR
PDQDJHUHDOWLPHGDWD7KHPRYLQJZLQGRZSDUDPHWHUVDUHWKH
VWHSVL]HDQGZLQGRZZLGWK7KHVHSDUDPHWHUVFDQEHDGMXVWHG
DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH JULG RSHUDWRU SUHIHUHQFHV 5HGXFLQJ WKH VWHS
VL]H DQG LQFUHDVLQJ WKH WLPH ZLQGRZ GXUDWLRQ LQFUHDVHV WKH
DFFXUDF\ EXW DOVR LQFUHDVHV WKH FRPSXWDWLRQDO WLPH DQG
SURFHVVLQJ UHTXLUHPHQWV 7KXV LW LV D WUDGHRII EHWZHHQ
DFFXUDF\DQGFRPSXWDWLRQDOWLPH
$IWHU FRPSOHWLQJ D VXFFHVVIXO F\FOH RI WKH 0*& WKH
RSWLPDOGHFLVLRQVDUHVHQWWRORFDOFRQWUROOHUVDQGLQIRUPDWLRQ
LVVHQWWRXVHUVZKLFKDUHVWRUHGLQWKHLUORFDOGDWDEDVH '% 7KHVHGHFLVLRQVDQGLQIRUPDWLRQVKRXOGEHXSGDWHGLQWKHQH[W
F\FOH DIWHU WLPH ο ݐ+RZHYHU GXH WR GHOD\V LQ WKH 0*&
HQJLQHV FRPPXQLFDWLRQ GHOD\V RU IDLOXUH WKLV XSGDWH FDQ EH
GHOD\HG ,Q WKLV FDVH WKH ORFDO FRQWUROOHUV VKRXOG XWLOL]H WKH
ODWHVW LQIRUPDWLRQ LQWKHLU ORFDO '% WLOOWKH 0*& XSGDWH WKHLU
VWDWXV 7KH ZKROH F\FOH ZKLFK LQFOXGHV WKH VL[ VWDJHV LV
UHSHDWHGHYHU\WLPHοݐ
$V D VHFRQGDU\ EDFNXS WKH GD\KHDG VFKHGXOLQJ SUREOHP
IRU WKH QH[W K LV VROYHG DQG VHQW WR WKH V\VWHP LQ FDVH RI
ORQJGHOD\VFRPPXQLFDWLRQORVVRUDQ\HOHPHQWIDLOXUH
A. Data collection and storage engine
7KLV HQJLQH LVUHVSRQVLEOH IRU FROOHFWLQJGDWD IURP V\VWHP
ORFDO FRQWUROOHUV RI GLIIHUHQW HTXLSPHQW JHQHUDWHGFRQVXPHG
SRZHU E\ '(5 VWDWHRIFKDUJH RI %(66 HWF JULG
RSHUDWRUV SULFH DQG FRQVXPHUV SUHIHUHQFHV IRU '60 DV
VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH &ROOHFWLQJ WKH UHTXLUHG GDWD LV GHQRWHGDV
VWDJHDVLOOXVWUDWHGLQ)LJXUH7KHFROOHFWHGGDWDDUHVWRUHG
LQWKHGDWDEDVHWREHXVHGE\RWKHUHQJLQHV
0RUHRYHU WKLV HQJLQH VHQGV WKH RXWSXW GDWD WR WKHVH SUH
PHQWLRQHG XQLWV 7KH RXWSXWV FDQ EH HLWKHU IRU FRQWUROOLQJ
HTXLSPHQWRUIRULQIRUPLQJXVHUV6HQGLQJWKHGDWDEDFNWRWKH
V\VWHP LV GHQRWHGDV VWDJH ZKLFK LV H[HFXWHG DW WKHHQG RI
WKHZKROHSURFHVV
0LFURJULG FRQWUROOHU
2
3
Optimal
Requires
forecasting
5 decisions
4 Optimization
Forecasted
data
paramters
'DWD &ROOHFWLRQ DQG 6WRUDJH (QJLQH
)RUHFDVWLQJ
(QJLQH
2SWLPL]DWLRQ
(QJLQH
'DWDEDVH
5HDG
:ULWH
1
6
~
Grid
operator/
metering
Customers’
preferences
PV local
controllers
DG local
controllers
BESS local
controllers
Smart
meters
Capacitor
banks local
controllers
)LJXUH7KHFHQWUDOL]HGUHDOWLPHHQHUJ\PDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPVWUXFWXUH
,(((
Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad del Valle. Downloaded on May 09,2023 at 01:52:02 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
1
2
3
...
1) Equality constraints
7KHRSWLPDOGHYHORSHGGHFLVLRQVPXVWVDWLVI\WKHDFWLYHDQG
UHDFWLYHSRZHUEDODQFHFRQVWUDLQWVLQ DQG ...
TW / ȟt
ȟt
ீ
ீ
்
ௗ
ܲǡ௧
+ܲǡ௧
+ܲǡ௧
+ܲǡ௧
െ ܲǡ௧
= ܸǡ௧ ܸǡ௧ ܻǡ cos(ߠǡ +ߜǡ௧ െ ߜǡ௧ ) ሺ͵ሻ
TW
j
ீ
ீ
்
ௗ
ܳǡ௧
+ܳǡ௧
+ܳǡ௧
+ܳǡ௧
+ܳǡ௧
െ ܳǡ௧
=
24 h
െ ܸǡ௧ ܸǡ௧ ܻǡ sin(ߠǡ +ߜǡ௧ െ ߜǡ௧ )
)LJXUH5ROOLQJWLPHZLQGRZVWUXFWXUH
B. Forecasting engine
7KH IRUHFDVWLQJ HQJLQH UHFHLYHV JHQHUDWLRQ DQG GHPDQG
GDWDIURPWKHGDWDFROOHFWLRQDQGVWRUDJHXQLWWKLVLVGHQRWHG
DV VWDJH LQ )LJXUH 7KHQ LW IRUHFDVWV WKH JHQHUDWLRQ DQG
GHPDQGEDVHGRQWKHZLGWKRIWKH57:ZKLFKLVVHQWE\WKH
0*& 6WDJH LQYROYHV VHQGLQJ EDFN WKH IRUHFDVWHG
LQIRUPDWLRQWRWKHGDWDFROOHFWLRQDQGVWRUDJHHQJLQH
C. Optimization engine
7KH RSWLPL]DWLRQ HQJLQH UHFHLYHV WKH FXUUHQW DQG
IRUHFDVWHG LQIRUPDWLRQ IURP WKH GDWD FROOHFWLRQ DQG VWRUDJH
HQJLQH DVVWDJH 7KHQLW VROYHVWKH RSWLPL]DWLRQPRGHO IRU
WKH QH[W ܶௐ Ȁο ݐWLPH VWHSV ZLWK WKH WDUJHW RI UHGXFLQJ WKH
RYHUDOO RSHUDWLQJ FRVWV ZKLOH PD[LPL]LQJ WKH customers’
VDWLVIDFWLRQ)LQDOO\WKHRSWLPL]DWLRQHQJLQHVHQGVWKHRSWLPDO
GHFLVLRQVEDFNWRWKHGDWDFROOHFWLRQHQJLQHDVVWDJH
,,, 352%/(0)2508/$7,21
7KHSURSRVHGRSWLPDOVFKHGXOLQJSUREOHPLVIRUPXODWHGDV
DQ 0,1/3 ZKLFK LV VROYHG E\ WKH RSWLPL]DWLRQ HQJLQH LQ
)LJXUH 7KH REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQ DQG WKH FRQVWUDLQWV DUH
SUHVHQWHGLQWKHQH[WVXEVHFWLRQV
A. Objective function:
7KH REMHFWLYH IXQFWLRQRI WKH &5(06 LVWR PLQLPL]H WKH
WRWDOVXPRIWKHFRVWVVKRZQLQ RYHUWKHWLPHZLQGRZTW
7KHRSHUDWLQJFRVWVIRUWKLVV\VWHPDUHWKHFRVWVRISXUFKDVHG
HQHUJ\ IURP WKH JULG DQG WKH GLVSDWFKDEOH '* RSHUDWLRQ DV
LOOXVWUDWHGLQ 7KHDUUD\RIWKHGHFLVLRQYDULDEOHVȳLQ LQFOXGHV GHFLVLRQV UHODWHG WR WKH FDSDFLWRU EDQNV VZLWFKLQJ
FXUWDLOPHQW SRZHU IURP SKRWRYROWDLF 39 XQLWV JHQHUDWHG
DFWLYHDQGUHDFWLYHSRZHUVIURPGLHVHOJHQHUDWRUVDQG%(66
FKDUJLQJGLVFKDUJLQJDFWLRQV
ܥ௧௧௧ ஐ
௧
ௗ
ܥ௧௧௧ ൌ ሺοΤͲሻܵ௦ ൭ܲ௧
ௗ
ܥ௧
ீ ீ
൫ܲǡ௧
ܥǡ௧ ൯൱
ሺͶሻ
j
ZKHUH ο ݐLV WKH WLPH UHVROXWLRQ LQ PLQXWHV ݐLV WKH LQGH[ RI
ௗ
ீ
WLPHVORWVܵ௦ LVWKHEDVHSRZHULQN9$ܲ௧
DQGܲǡ௧
DUH
WKH UHDO SRZHUV LQ SX GHOLYHUHG IURP WKH JULG DQG
ௗ
ீ
DUHWKH
GLVSDWFKDEOH'*DWEXV݅UHVSHFWLYHO\ܥ௧ DQGܥǡ௧
SULFHV LQ N:K RI GHOLYHUHG HQHUJLHV IURP WKH JULG DQG
GLVSDWFKDEOH'*DWEXV݅UHVSHFWLYHO\
B. Constraints
7KLV 0,1/3 LV VXEMHFW WR HTXDOLW\ FRQVWUDLQWV DQG
LQHTXDOLW\FRQVWUDLQWVDVIROORZV
ZKHUH݅ǡ ݆DUHWKHLQGLFHVRIEXVHVܸǡ௧ DQGߜǡ௧ DUHWKHYROWDJH
PDJQLWXGH LQ SX DQG DQJOH LQ UDGLDQV DW EXV ݅DQG WLPH ݐ
UHVSHFWLYHO\ܻǡ DQG ߠǡ DUH WKH PDJQLWXGH DQG DQJOHRI WKH
ீ
ீ
EXV DGPLWWDQFH LQ SX DQG UDGLDQV UHVSHFWLYHO\ܲǡ௧
DQGܳǡ௧
DUHWKHJHQHUDWHGUHDODQGUHDFWLYHSRZHUVLQSXDWEXV݅DQG
WLPH ݐUHVSHFWLYHO\ ܲǡ௧
DQG ܳǡ௧
DUH WKH LQMHFWHG UHDO DQG
ீ
ீ
DQG ܳǡ௧
DUH WKH
UHDFWLYH SRZHUV LQ SX IURP 39 XQLW ܲǡ௧
்
GLHVHOJHQHUDWRU DFWLYHDQGUHDFWLYHSRZHUVLQSX ܲǡ௧
DQG
்
ܳǡ௧ DUH WKH DFWLYH DQG UHDFWLYH SRZHU LQ SX EHLQJ
WUDQVIHUUHGIURPWKHEDWWHU\HQHUJ\VWRUDJHV\VWHP %(66 WR
LVWKHFDSDFLWRUUHDFWLYHSRZHULQ
WKHJULGUHVSHFWLYHO\ܳǡ௧
ௗ
ௗ
SX ܲǡ௧ DQG ܳǡ௧ DUH WKH DFWLYHDQG UHDFWLYHSRZHUVLQ
SXRIQRUPDOORDGVUHVSHFWLYHO\
0RUHRYHU WKH FDSDFLWRU EDQN LQMHFWHG UHDFWLYH SRZHU LV
SURSRUWLRQDOWRWKHVTXDUHGYROWDJHPDJQLWXGHDVLQ ZKHUH
WKH ELQDU\ GHFLVLRQ YDULDEOH ܺǡ௧
אሼͲǡͳሽ FRQWUROV WKH
FDSDFLWRU VZLWFKLQJ 7KH LQMHFWHG DFWLYH SRZHU IURP WKH 39
אሾͲǡͳሿ
XQLWV FDQ EH FXUWDLOHG DFFRUGLQJ WR ZKHUH ܺǡ௧
UHSUHVHQWV WKH DOORZHG IUDFWLRQ RI WKH PD[LPXP JHQHUDWHG
DFWLYH SRZHU WR EH LQMHFWHG WR WKH JULG )RU WKH %(66 WKH
்
GHFLVLRQ YDULDEOH IRU FKDUJLQJGLVFKDUJLQJ LV ܺǡ௧
אሾെͳǡͳሿ
7KH VWRUHG HQHUJ\ LV XSGDWHG DV LQ ZKLOH WKH
FKDUJLQJGLVFKDUJLQJSRZHULVUHSUHVHQWHGLQWHUPVRIWKHN:
FDSDFLW\DVLQ ଶ
ሺͷሻ
ܳǡ௧
ൌ ܺǡ௧
൫ܸǡ௧ ൯ ܳି Ȁܵ௦ ݐǡ ݅ ࣣ א
ିெ
ܲǡ௧
ൌ ܺǡ௧
ܲǡ௧
Ȁܵ௦ ݐǡ ݅ ࣣ א ሺሻ
்
்
் ିெ
ܧǡ௧
ൌ ܧǡ௧ିଵ
ܺǡ௧
ܲǡ௧
οݐΤͲ ݐǡ ݅ ࣣ א் ்
் ்ିெ
ܲǡ௧
ൌ ܺǡ௧
ܲǡ௧
Ȁܵ௦ ݐǡ ݅ ࣣ א் ሺͺሻ
ZKHUHܳି LVWKHQRPLQDOUHDFWLYHSRZHULQMHFWHGIURPWKH
FDSDFLWRUEDQNDWEXV݅LQN9$5ࣣ ࣣ DQG்ࣣ DUHWKH
VHWV RI EXVHV IRU WKH FDSDFLWRU EDQNV 39 XQLWV DQG %(66
ିெ
LV WKH PD[LPXP SRVVLEOH JHQHUDWHG
UHVSHFWLYHO\ ܲǡ௧
்
LVWKH
SRZHULQN:IURP39XQLWDWEXV݅DQGWLPHܧݐǡ௧
VWRUHG HQHUJ\ DWWLPHݐLQWKH%(66ORFDWHGDWEXV݅LQN:K
்ିெ
ܲǡ௧
LVWKHFDSDFLW\RIWKH%(66LQN:
2) Inequality constraints:
7KHVHFRQVWUDLQWVDUHXVHGWROLPLWWKHDFWLYHUHDFWLYHDQG
DSSDUHQWSRZHUVIRUWKHGLHVHOJHQHUDWRU39XQLWVDQG%(66
DV LQ 0RUHRYHU WKH VWRUHG HQHUJ\ LQ WKH %(66 LV
OLPLWHGWRWKHPD[LPXPDOORZDEOHVWRUDJHHQHUJ\DVLQ ଶ
ீ ଶ
ீ ଶ
ሺͻሻ
൫ܵீିெ Ȁܵ௦ ൯ ൫ܲǡ௧
൯ ൫ܳǡ௧
൯ ݐǡ ݅ ࣣ אீ ଶ
ଶ
ଶ
൫ܵିெ Ȁܵ௦ ൯ ൫ܲǡ௧
൯ ൫ܳǡ௧
൯ ݐǡ ݅ ࣣ א ,(((
Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad del Valle. Downloaded on May 09,2023 at 01:52:02 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
ሺͳͲሻ
ሺͳʹሻ
ZKHUH ܵீିெ ܵିெ DQG ்ܵିெ DUH WKH UDWHG
DSSDUHQW SRZHUV LQ N9$ RI WKH GLHVHO '* 39 XQLW SRZHU
FRQGLWLRQLQJ FLUFXLW DQG EDWWHU\ SRZHU FRQGLWLRQLQJ FLUFXLW
FRQQHFWHG WREXV ݅ UHVSHFWLYHO\ ࣣீ LV WKH VHW RI GLHVHO '*
EXVHVܧ்ିெ LVWKHDOORZDEOHPD[LPXPVWRUHGHQHUJ\LQ
N:KIRUWKH%(66XQLWDWEXV݅
,9 5(68/76$1'$1$/<6,6
F
0DLQ
*ULG F
F
F
2Q WKH FRQWUDU\ WKH WKLUG FDVH ZLWK WKH 57: WKH ZHDWKHU
FRQGLWLRQ FKDQJHV HYHU\ PRPHQW DQG WKH ORDG LQFUHDVHV RU
GHFUHDVHVUDQGRPO\7KLVQHHGVIDVWDQGDFFXUDWHDFWLRQVWREH
F
)RU FDVH ZKLFK UHSUHVHQWV WKH EDVH FDVH WKH RQO\
VRXUFHVRIHQHUJ\DUHWKHJULGDQGWKH39XQLW,QWKLVFDVHWKH
WRWDO FRVW RI FRQVXPSWLRQ SHU GD\ LV ,Q FDVH WKH
LQMHFWHG DFWLYH SRZHUV IURP GLVSDWFKDEOH '* 39 XQLWV DQG
IURPWKHJULGDUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUH$VVKRZQLQWKHILJXUH
WKHGLVSDWFKDEOH'*RSHUDWLRQLVFRQWUROOHGWKURXJKWKH0*&
WR UHGXFH WKH RYHUDOO RSHUDWLQJ FRVWV WKXV WKH GLVSDWFKDEOH
'* LV RSHUDWHG GXULQJ KLJK HQHUJ\ SULFHV DURXQG DP
DQG SP WR UHGXFH WKH SXUFKDVHG HQHUJ\ IURP WKH JULG
)LJXUHVKRZVWZRFKDUJLQJGLVFKDUJLQJF\FOHVIRUWKH%(66
RSHUDWLRQ$VVKRZQLQ)LJXUHWKH%(66LVFKDUJHGGXULQJ
ORZ HQHUJ\ SULFHV DURXQG DP DQG SP WKHQ LW LV
GLVFKDUJHG GXULQJ KLJK HQHUJ\ SULFHV DURXQG DP DQG
SP0RUHRYHULWFDQEHVHHQLQ)LJXUHWKDWWKHEDWWHU\
DFWLRQVRIFKDUJLQJRUGLVFKDUJLQJDOVRFRLQFLGHVZLWKWKHORDG
FRQVXPSWLRQ,QWKHGD\DKHDGFDVHWKHFRQWUROOHULVDZDUHRI
WKHZKROHGD\GDWDDQGGHYHORSVSHUIHFWPDWFKLQJUHVXOWIRULW
KRZHYHU WKLV LV QRW WKH SUDFWLFDO FDVH 7KH WRWDO FRVW RI
FRQVXPSWLRQIURPJULGDQGGLVSDWFKDEOH'*LVZKLFK
UHSUHVHQWVUHGXFWLRQFRPSDUHGWRWKHEDVHFDVH
F
7KH SURSRVHG &5(06 LV WHVWHG RQ WKH EXV V\VWHP LQ
>@7KHVLQJOHOLQHGLDJUDPRIWKHV\VWHPLVVKRZQLQ)LJ
DQG WKH V\VWHP SDUDPHWHUV FDQ EH IRXQG LQ >@ 7KUHH FDVH
VWXGLHVDUH SUHVHQWHG7KHILUVWFDVH UHSUHVHQWVWKH EDVHFDVH
ZLWKQRFRQWURO7KHVHFRQGFDVHLVWKHGD\DKHDGVFKHGXOLQJ
SUREOHP DGRSWHG LQ OLWHUDWXUH ZKHUH WKH IRUHFDVWHG
JHQHUDWLRQGHPDQG LV DVVXPHG WR EH NQRZQ GD\DKHDG 7KH
HQHUJ\SULFHVDUHDVVXPHGWREHNQRZQGD\DKHDGZKLFKLVD
UHDVRQDEOH DVVXPSWLRQ IURP WKH HQHUJ\ PDUNHW SHUVSHFWLYH
7KH WKLUG FDVH UHSUHVHQWV WKH SURSRVHG &5(06 7KH HQHUJ\
SULFHVDGRSWHGLQWKLV ZRUNDUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUH3ODQQLQJ
WKH ORFDWLRQ RI '(5 LV D FRPSOLFDWHG SURFHVV WKDW UHTXLUHV
GHWDLOHGWHFKQLFDO DQGHFRQRPLF PRGHOV ZKLFKLVRXWRIWKH
VFRSHRIWKHSUHVHQWHGZRUN7KXVWKH'(5XQLWVDUHORFDWHG
DUELWUDULO\ LQ WKH V\VWHP 2QH %(66 XQLWV RI 0: DQG 0:KUDWLQJVLVORFDWHGRQEXVDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH2QH
GLHVHO '* LV ORFDWHG RQ EXV ZLWK 09$ UDWLQJ DQG 0: 39 XQLW LV ORFDWHG RQ EXV 7KH GLHVHO '* RSHUDWLQJ
FRVWLVDVVXPHGWREHN:K)LQDOO\09$5QRPLQDO
UDWHGFDSDFLWRUEDQNLVORFDWHGRQEXVDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH
)RU WKH GD\DKHDG VFKHGXOLQJ SUREOHP WKH V\VWHP LV
PRGHOHGLQ*$06HQYLURQPHQW>@
)LJXUH6LQJOHOLQHGLDJUDPRIWKHEXVV\VWHP
Energy price
($/MWh)
்
ܧǡ௧
ܧ்ିெ ݐǡ ݅ ࣣ א் VHQW WR ORFDO FRQWUROOHUV 7KH 57: DFWLRQV DUH VHQW DQG
LPSOHPHQWHG LPPHGLDWHO\ 7KHQ HYHU\ SHULRG ο ݐWKH\ DUH
XSGDWHG FRQWLQXRXVO\ WR WXQH WKH GHFLVLRQ ZLWK WKH ODWHVW
DYDLODEOHIRUHFDVW7KHUHVXOWVRIWKHVHFRQGFDVHDUHVKRZQLQ
)LJXUHDQG)LJXUH$VVKRZQLQ)LJXUHE\XWLOL]LQJWKH
57: WKH GLVSDWFKDEOH '* RSHUDWLRQ GXUDWLRQ LV ORQJHU
FRPSDUHG WR WKH GD\DKHDG FDVH WR VHUYH WKH EDWWHU\
UHTXLUHPHQWV 7KH EDWWHU\ FKDUJLQJGLVFKDUJLQJ DFWLRQV DUH
PRUH VHQVLWLYH WR WKH SULFHV YDULDWLRQV 7KLV LV UHIOHFWHG LQ
)LJXUHE\WKUHHFKDUJLQJGLVFKDUJLQJF\FOHV7KLVLVGXHWR
WKH VKRUWVLJKWHGQHVV RI WKH FRQWUROOHU LH WKH OHQJWK RI WKH
WLPH ZLQGRZ ZKLFK LV D WUDGHRII EHWZHHQ DFFXUDF\ DQG
FRPSXWDWLRQDO WLPH DV PHQWLRQHG HDUOLHU 7KH WRWDO FRVW RI
FRQVXPSWLRQ LV ZKLFK UHSUHVHQWV UHGXFWLRQ
FRPSDUHGWRWKHEDVHFDVH
50
40
30
20
10
0
Time of day
)LJXUH(QHUJ\SULFHV
Generated power (MW)
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
Dispatchable DG
Time of day
PV generation
Consumption from grid
)LJXUH*HQHUDWLRQIURPGLIIHUHQWVRXUFHVIRUWKHGD\DKHDGFDVH
5
Consumption (MW)
ଶ
F
ଶ
F
ଶ
F
்
்
൫்ܵିெ Ȁܵ௦ ൯ ൫ܲǡ௧
൯ ൫ܳǡ௧
൯ ݐǡ ݅ ࣣ א் 4
3
2
1
0
-1
Time of day
Batteries
Uncontrolled appliances
)LJXUH%(66DQGORDGSURILOHVIRUWKHGD\DKHDGFDVH
,(((
Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad del Valle. Downloaded on May 09,2023 at 01:52:02 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Generated power (MW)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
Dispatchable DG
Time of day
PV generation
Consumption from grid
)LJXUH*HQHUDWLRQIURPGLIIHUHQWVRXUFHVIRUWKHUHDOWLPHFRQWURO
Consumption (MW)
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
Time of day
Batteries
Shiftable appliances
Controllable appliances
Uncontrolled appliances
)LJXUH%(66DQGORDGSURILOHVIRUWKHUHDOWLPHFRQWURO
9
&21&/86,21
7KLV SDSHU SURSRVHV D FHQWUDOL]HG HQHUJ\ PDQDJHPHQW
VFKHPHIRUPLFURJULGVWKDWHIILFLHQWO\FRRUGLQDWHVWKHJULGDQG
customers’ assets WRUHGXFH WKH RSHUDWLQJ FRVW7KHSURSRVHG
DSSURDFK UHOLHV RQ 57: WR PDQDJH UHDOWLPH GDWD H[FKDQJH
DQG WR XSGDWH WKH FRQWURO GHFLVLRQV EDVHG RQ UHDOWLPH DQG
IRUHFDVWHGLQIRUPDWLRQ
$OWKRXJKGD\DKHDGEDVHGDSSURDFKHVDUHPRUHFRPPRQO\
XVHG LQ OLWHUDWXUH WKH\ IDLO to address the customers’
SUHIHUHQFHV FKDQJHV QHZ FRQQHFWHG DSSOLDQFH DQG
LQWHUPLWWHQWQDWXUHRIUHQHZDEOHUHVRXUFHV2QWKHRWKHUKDQG
WKH SURSRVHG UHDOWLPH DSSURDFK RIIHUV PRUH IOH[LELOLW\ E\
XSGDWLQJWKHFRQWUROGHFLVLRQVHYHU\VKRUWSHULRGDFFRUGLQJWR
WKH PRVW UHFHQW LQIRUPDWLRQ WKXV DOORZLQJ SOXJDQGSOD\
RSWLRQ
7R GHYHORS WKH UHDOWLPH RSWLPDO GHFLVLRQV WKH SURSRVHG
DSSURDFK XWLOL]HV WKUHH HQJLQHV GDWD VWRUDJH HQJLQH
IRUHFDVWLQJHQJLQHDQGRSWLPL]DWLRQHQJLQH
6LPXODWLRQ UHVXOWVRQD W\SLFDO VPDUW PLFURJULGSURYH WKH
HIIHFWLYHQHVVDQGUREXVWQHVVRIWKHSURSRVHGDSSURDFKZKLFK
UHVXOWVLQDOPRVWVDPHVDYLQJDVWKHLGHDOGD\DKHDGDSSURDFK
$OWKRXJK WKH SURSRVHG DSSURDFK XWLOL]HV WKH V\VWHP DVVHWV
PRUH WKDQ WKH GD\DKHDG DSSURDFK WKH UHDOWLPH DSSURDFK
SUHVHQWV PRUH SUDFWLFDO FDVH ,Q DGGLWLRQ FKRRVLQJ WKH WLPH
ZLQGRZ GXUDWLRQ DQG FKRRVLQJ WKH WLPH VWHS GXUDWLRQ KDYH
VLJQLILFDQWLPSDFWRQWKHUHVXOWV/RQJHUGXUDWLRQIRUWKHWLPH
ZLQGRZDQGVKRUWHUGXUDWLRQIRUWKHWLPHVWHSZRXOGSURYLGH
PRUH DFFXUDWH UHVXOWV EXW RQ WKH H[SHQVHV RI ORQJHU
FRPSXWDWLRQDO WLPH 7KXV LW LV D WUDGHRII EHWZHHQ DFFXUDF\
DQGFRPSXWDWLRQDOWLPH
5()(5(1&(6
>@ F. Lauro, F. Moretti, A. Capozzoli, and S. Panzieri, “Model predictive
control for building active demand response systems,” Energy Procedia,
YROSS–
>@ B. Ramanathan and V. Vittal, “A framework for HYDOXDWLRQRIDGYDQFHG
GLUHFWORad control with minimum disruption,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst.,
YROQRSS–
>@ &:*HOOLQJVDQG-&KDPEHUOLQ'HPDQGVLGHPDQDJHPHQW
>@ 0$3HGUDVD, T. D. Spooner, and I. MacGill, “Scheduling of Demand
6LGH5HVRXUFHV8Ving Binary Particle Swarm Optimization,” IEEE
7UDQV3RZHU6\VWYROQRSS–
>@ L. Gelazanskas and K. A. A. Gamage, “Demand side management in
smart grid: A review and proposals for future direction,” Sustain. Cities
6RFYROSS–
>@ NYISO Auxiliary Market Operations, “Emergency Demand Response
Program Manual,” no. October, p. 18, 2013.
>@ “ConservationDQG'HPDQG0DQDJHPHQWPlans,” http://www.ieso.ca
>@ $$JQHWLV, G. De Pascale, P. Detti, and A. Vicino, “/RDGVFKHGXOLQJIRU
household energy consumption optimization,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid,
YROQRSS–
>@ H. K. Trudie Wang, Daniel O’Neill, “Dynamic Control and
Optimization of Distributed Energy Resources in a Microgrid,” IEEE
7UDQV6PDUW*ULGYROQRSS–
>@R. H. Kumar and S. Ushakumari, “A Novel Architecture for Data
Management and Control in Autonomous Intelligent Microgrid,”
3URFHGLD&RPSXW6FLYROSS–
>@$0(OWDPDO\0$0RKDPHGDQG$,$ORODK, “A novel smart grid
theory for optimal sizing of hybrid renewable energy systems,” Sol.
(QHUJ\YROSS–
>@W. H. Shao, W. S. Xu, Z. Y. Xu, and Z. Y. Zeng, “DemandVLGH
UHVSRQVHRIVPDUWFOLHQWVXQGHUUHDOtime pricing,” 26th Chinese Control
'HFLV&RQI&&'&SS–
>@H. K. Nguyen, J. B. Song, and Z. Han, “Distributed Demand Side
0DQDgement with Energy Storage in Smart Grid,” Ieee Trans. Parallel
'LVWULE6\VWYROQRSS–
>@B. Biegel, L. H. Hansen, P. Andersen, and J. Stoustrup, “Primary control
E\212))GHPDQGside devices,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol.QR
SS–
>@<=KDQJ15DKEDUL$VU-'XDQDQG0Y. Chow, “Day$KHDG
6PDUW*ULG&RRSHUDWLYH'LVWULEXWHG(QHUJ\6FKHGXOLQJ:LWK5HQHZDEOH
and Storage Integration,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 7, no. 4, pp.
–
>@P. P. Verma, P. Soumya, and K. S. Swamp, “Optimal dayDKHDG
scheduling in smart grid with Demand Side Management,” 2016 IEEE
WK,QW&RQI3RZHU6\VW,&36
>@Q. Duan, “A Price%DVHG'HPDQG5HVSRQVH6FKHGXOLQJ0RGHOLQ'D\
$KHDG(OHFWricity Market,” no. 201411159052, 2016.
>@&&RQVWUDQWV, “DayDKHDG*HQHUDWLRQ6FKHGXOLQJIRU9DULDEOH(QHUJ\
Resources Considering Demand Response,” no. 2016yfb09001 05, pp.
–
>@C. A. B. Baonegecom, N. Acharya, and H. L. N. Wiegman, “2SWLPDO
'D\DKHDG6FKHGXOLQJIRU0LFURJULG3DUWLFLSDWLRQLQ)UHTXHQF\
Regulation Markets,” pp. 1–
>@6.ZRQ/1WDLPR, and N. Gautam, “Optimal Day$KHDG3RZHU
Procurement with Renewable Energy and Demand Response,” IEEE
7UDQV3RZHU6\VWYROQRFSS–
>@
++LOGPDQQDQG)6DIIUH, “Influence of variable supply and load
IOH[LELOLW\RQ'HPDQGSide Management,” 2011 8th Int. Conf. Eur.
(QHUJ\0DUN((0QR0D\SS–
>@N. Lu, Y. Zhang, “Design considerationVRIDFHQWUDOL]HGORDGFRQWUROOHU
XVLQJWKHUPRVWDWLFDOO\FRQWUROOHGDSSOLDQFHVIRUFRQWLQXRXVUHJXODWLRQ
reserves,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 914–
>@P. Palensky and G. Zucker, “Demand response with functional buildings
XVLQJsimplified process models,” IECON 37th, pp. 3230–
>@H. Yano, K. Kudo, T. Ikegami, H. Iguchi, and K. Kataoka, “A novel
FKDUJLQJWLPHFRQWUROPHWKRGIRUQXPHURXV(9VEDVHGRQDSHULRG
ZHLJKWHGSUHVFKHGXOLQJIRUSRZHUVXSSO\DQGGHPDQGEDODQFLQJ,” ISGT
’12 Proc. 2012 IEEE PES ,QQRY6PDUW*ULG7HFKQROSS–
>@+:+ROJHU+HUPDQQV'HPDQG5HVSRQVH0DQDJHPHQWIRU
'HSHQGDEOH3RZHU*ULGV
>@Z. Fan, “Distributed demand response and user adaptation in smart
grids,” Proc. 12th IF,3,(((,QW6\PS,QWHJU1HWZ0DQDJ,0
SS–
>@Z. Fan, “A distributed demand response algorithm and its application to
PHEV charging in smart grids,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 3,
SS–
,(((
Authorized licensed use limited to: Universidad del Valle. Downloaded on May 09,2023 at 01:52:02 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
0
Puede agregar este documento a su colección de estudio (s)
Iniciar sesión Disponible sólo para usuarios autorizadosPuede agregar este documento a su lista guardada
Iniciar sesión Disponible sólo para usuarios autorizados(Para quejas, use otra forma )