918 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado T °C u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.01 MPa (45.81°C)* Sat.† 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 14.670 14.867 17.196 19.513 21.826 24.136 26.446 31.063 35.680 40.296 44.911 49.527 54.143 58.758 63.373 67.989 72.604 2437.2 2443.3 2515.5 2587.9 2661.4 2736.1 2812.3 2969.3 3132.9 3303.3 3480.8 3665.4 3856.9 4055.3 4260.0 4470.9 4687.4 2583.9 2592.0 2687.5 2783.0 2879.6 2977.5 3076.7 3280.0 3489.7 3706.3 3929.9 4160.6 4398.3 4642.8 4893.8 5150.8 5413.4 8.1488 8.1741 8.4489 8.6893 8.9049 9.1015 9.2827 9.6094 9.8998 10.1631 10.4056 10.6312 10.8429 11.0429 11.2326 11.4132 11.5857 P 0.20 MPa (120.21°C) Sat. 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.88578 0.95986 1.08049 1.19890 1.31623 1.54934 1.78142 2.01302 2.24434 2.47550 2.70656 2.93755 3.16848 3.39938 3.63026 Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.37483 0.42503 0.47443 0.52261 0.57015 0.61731 0.71095 0.80409 0.89696 0.98966 1.08227 1.17480 1.26728 1.35972 1.45214 2529.1 2577.1 2654.6 2731.4 2808.8 2967.2 3131.4 3302.2 3479.9 3664.7 3856.3 4054.8 4259.6 4470.5 4687.1 2706.3 7.1270 2769.1 7.2810 2870.7 7.5081 2971.2 7.7100 3072.1 7.8941 3277.0 8.2236 3487.7 8.5153 3704.8 8.7793 3928.8 9.0221 4159.8 9.2479 4397.7 9.4598 4642.3 9.6599 4893.3 9.8497 5150.4 10.0304 5413.1 10.2029 P 0.50 MPa (151.83°C) 2560.7 2643.3 2723.8 2803.3 2883.0 2963.7 3129.0 3300.4 3478.6 3663.6 3855.4 4054.0 4259.0 4470.0 4686.6 2748.1 2855.8 2961.0 3064.6 3168.1 3272.4 3484.5 3702.5 3927.0 4158.4 4396.6 4641.4 4892.6 5149.8 5412.6 6.8207 7.0610 7.2725 7.4614 7.6346 7.7956 8.0893 8.3544 8.5978 8.8240 9.0362 9.2364 9.4263 9.6071 9.7797 u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.05 MPa (81.32°C) 2483.2 2645.2 3.4187 3.8897 4.3562 4.8206 5.2841 6.2094 7.1338 8.0577 8.9813 9.9047 10.8280 11.7513 12.6745 13.5977 14.5209 2511.5 2585.7 2660.0 2735.1 2811.6 2968.9 3132.6 3303.1 3480.6 3665.2 3856.8 4055.2 4259.9 4470.8 4687.3 2682.4 7.6953 2780.2 7.9413 2877.8 8.1592 2976.2 8.3568 3075.8 8.5387 3279.3 8.8659 3489.3 9.1566 3706.0 9.4201 3929.7 9.6626 4160.4 9.8883 4398.2 10.1000 4642.7 10.3000 4893.7 10.4897 5150.7 10.6704 5413.3 10.8429 7.5931 P 0.30 MPa (133.52°C) 2543.2 2571.0 2651.0 2728.9 2807.0 2966.0 3130.6 3301.6 3479.5 3664.3 3856.0 4054.5 4259.4 4470.3 4686.9 2724.9 6.9917 2761.2 7.0792 2865.9 7.3132 2967.9 7.5180 3069.6 7.7037 3275.5 8.0347 3486.6 8.3271 3704.0 8.5915 3928.2 8.8345 4159.3 9.0605 4397.3 9.2725 4642.0 9.4726 4893.1 9.6624 5150.2 9.8431 5413.0 10.0157 P 0.60 MPa (158.83°C) 0.31560 0.35212 0.39390 0.43442 0.47428 0.51374 0.59200 0.66976 0.74725 0.82457 0.90179 0.97893 1.05603 1.13309 1.21012 2566.8 2639.4 2721.2 2801.4 2881.6 2962.5 3128.2 3299.8 3478.1 3663.2 3855.1 4053.8 4258.8 4469.8 4686.4 2756.2 2850.6 2957.6 3062.0 3166.1 3270.8 3483.4 3701.7 3926.4 4157.9 4396.2 4641.1 4892.4 5149.6 5412.5 u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.10 MPa (99.61°C) 3.2403 0.60582 0.63402 0.71643 0.79645 0.87535 1.03155 1.18672 1.34139 1.49580 1.65004 1.80417 1.95824 2.11226 2.26624 2.42019 v m3/kg 6.7593 6.9683 7.1833 7.3740 7.5481 7.7097 8.0041 8.2695 8.5132 8.7395 8.9518 9.1521 9.3420 9.5229 9.6955 1.6941 2505.6 2675.0 1.6959 1.9367 2.1724 2.4062 2.6389 3.1027 3.5655 4.0279 4.4900 4.9519 5.4137 5.8755 6.3372 6.7988 7.2605 2675.8 7.3611 2776.6 7.6148 2875.5 7.8356 2974.5 8.0346 3074.5 8.2172 3278.6 8.5452 3488.7 8.8362 3705.6 9.0999 3929.4 9.3424 4160.2 9.5682 4398.0 9.7800 4642.6 9.9800 4893.6 10.1698 5150.6 10.3504 5413.3 10.5229 2506.2 2582.9 2658.2 2733.9 2810.7 2968.3 3132.2 3302.8 3480.4 3665.0 3856.7 4055.0 4259.8 4470.7 4687.2 7.3589 P 0.40 MPa (143.61°C) 0.46242 2553.1 0.47088 2564.4 0.53434 2647.2 0.59520 2726.4 0.65489 2805.1 0.77265 2964.9 0.88936 3129.8 1.00558 3301.0 1.12152 3479.0 1.23730 3663.9 1.35298 3855.7 1.46859 4054.3 1.58414 4259.2 1.69966 4470.2 1.81516 4686.7 2738.1 2752.8 2860.9 2964.5 3067.1 3273.9 3485.5 3703.3 3927.6 4158.9 4396.9 4641.7 4892.9 5150.0 5412.8 6.8955 6.9306 7.1723 7.3804 7.5677 7.9003 8.1933 8.4580 8.7012 8.9274 9.1394 9.3396 9.5295 9.7102 9.8828 P 0.80 MPa (170.41°C) 0.24035 2576.0 0.26088 2631.1 0.29321 2715.9 0.32416 2797.5 0.35442 2878.6 0.38429 2960.2 0.44332 3126.6 0.50186 3298.7 0.56011 3477.2 0.61820 3662.5 0.67619 3854.5 0.73411 4053.3 0.79197 4258.3 0.84980 4469.4 0.90761 4686.1 2768.3 2839.8 2950.4 3056.9 3162.2 3267.7 3481.3 3700.1 3925.3 4157.0 4395.5 4640.5 4891.9 5149.3 5412.2 6.6616 6.8177 7.0402 7.2345 7.4107 7.5735 7.8692 8.1354 8.3794 8.6061 8.8185 9.0189 9.2090 9.3898 9.5625 *La temperatura entre paréntesis es la temperatura de saturación a la presión especificada. † Propiedades del vapor saturado a la presión especificada. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 918 7/12/11 14:26:00 919 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación) T °C u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 1.00 MPa (179.88 C) Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.19437 0.20602 0.23275 0.25799 0.28250 0.30661 0.35411 0.40111 0.44783 0.49438 0.54083 0.58721 0.63354 0.67983 0.72610 2582.8 2622.3 2710.4 2793.7 2875.7 2957.9 3125.0 3297.5 3476.3 3661.7 3853.9 4052.7 4257.9 4469.0 4685.8 2777.1 2828.3 2943.1 3051.6 3158.2 3264.5 3479.1 3698.6 3924.1 4156.1 4394.8 4640.0 4891.4 5148.9 5411.9 6.5850 6.6956 6.9265 7.1246 7.3029 7.4670 7.7642 8.0311 8.2755 8.5024 8.7150 8.9155 9.1057 9.2866 9.4593 P 1.60 MPa (201.37 C) Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.12374 0.13293 0.14190 0.15866 0.17459 0.19007 0.22029 0.24999 0.27941 0.30865 0.33780 0.36687 0.39589 0.42488 0.45383 Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.07995 0.08026 0.08705 0.09894 0.10979 0.12012 0.13015 0.13999 0.15931 0.17835 0.19722 0.21597 0.23466 0.25330 0.27190 0.29048 2594.8 2792.8 2645.1 2857.8 2692.9 2919.9 2781.6 3035.4 2866.6 3146.0 2950.8 3254.9 3120.1 3472.6 3293.9 3693.9 3473.5 3920.5 3659.5 4153.4 3852.1 4392.6 4051.2 4638.2 4256.6 4890.0 4467.9 5147.7 4684.8 5410.9 6.4200 6.5537 6.6753 6.8864 7.0713 7.2394 7.5410 7.8101 8.0558 8.2834 8.4965 8.6974 8.8878 9.0689 9.2418 P 2.50 MPa (223.95 C) 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 919 2602.1 2604.8 2663.3 2762.2 2852.5 2939.8 3026.2 3112.8 3288.5 3469.3 3656.2 3849.4 4049.0 4254.7 4466.3 4683.4 2801.9 6.2558 2805.5 6.2629 2880.9 6.4107 3009.6 6.6459 3127.0 6.8424 3240.1 7.0170 3351.6 7.1768 3462.8 7.3254 3686.8 7.5979 3915.2 7.8455 4149.2 8.0744 4389.3 8.2882 4635.6 8.4897 4887.9 8.6804 5146.0 8.8618 5409.5 9.0349 u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 1.20 MPa (187.96 C) 0.16326 0.16934 0.19241 0.21386 0.23455 0.25482 0.29464 0.33395 0.37297 0.41184 0.45059 0.48928 0.52792 0.56652 0.60509 2587.8 2612.9 2704.7 2789.7 2872.7 2955.5 3123.4 3296.3 3475.3 3661.0 3853.3 4052.2 4257.5 4468.7 4685.5 2783.8 2816.1 2935.6 3046.3 3154.2 3261.3 3477.0 3697.0 3922.9 4155.2 4394.0 4639.4 4891.0 5148.5 5411.6 6.5217 6.5909 6.8313 7.0335 7.2139 7.3793 7.6779 7.9456 8.1904 8.4176 8.6303 8.8310 9.0212 9.2022 9.3750 P 1.80 MPa (207.11 C) 0.11037 0.11678 0.12502 0.14025 0.15460 0.16849 0.19551 0.22200 0.24822 0.27426 0.30020 0.32606 0.35188 0.37766 0.40341 2597.3 2637.0 2686.7 2777.4 2863.6 2948.3 3118.5 3292.7 3472.6 3658.8 3851.5 4050.7 4256.2 4467.6 4684.5 2795.9 2847.2 2911.7 3029.9 3141.9 3251.6 3470.4 3692.3 3919.4 4152.4 4391.9 4637.6 4889.6 5147.3 5410.6 6.3775 6.4825 6.6088 6.8246 7.0120 7.1814 7.4845 7.7543 8.0005 8.2284 8.4417 8.6427 8.8331 9.0143 9.1872 P 3.00 MPa (233.85 C) u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 1.40 MPa (195.04 C) 0.14078 0.14303 0.16356 0.18233 0.20029 0.21782 0.25216 0.28597 0.31951 0.35288 0.38614 0.41933 0.45247 0.48558 0.51866 2591.8 2602.7 2698.9 2785.7 2869.7 2953.1 3121.8 3295.1 3474.4 3660.3 3852.7 4051.7 4257.0 4468.3 4685.1 2788.9 2803.0 2927.9 3040.9 3150.1 3258.1 3474.8 3695.5 3921.7 4154.3 4393.3 4638.8 4890.5 5148.1 5411.3 6.4675 6.4975 6.7488 6.9553 7.1379 7.3046 7.6047 7.8730 8.1183 8.3458 8.5587 8.7595 8.9497 9.1308 9.3036 P 2.00 MPa (212.38 C) 0.09959 0.10381 0.11150 0.12551 0.13860 0.15122 0.17568 0.19962 0.22326 0.24674 0.27012 0.29342 0.31667 0.33989 0.36308 2599.1 2798.3 6.3390 2628.5 2836.1 6.4160 2680.3 2903.3 6.5475 2773.2 3024.2 6.7684 2860.5 3137.7 6.9583 2945.9 3248.4 7.1292 3116.9 3468.3 7.4337 3291.5 3690.7 7.7043 3471.7 3918.2 7.9509 3658.0 4151.5 8.1791 3850.9 4391.1 8.3925 4050.2 4637.1 8.5936 4255.7 4889.1 8.7842 4467.2 5147.0 8.9654 4684.2 5410.3 9.1384 P 3.50 MPa (242.56 C) 0.06667 2603.2 2803.2 6.1856 0.05706 2603.0 2802.7 6.1244 0.07063 0.08118 0.09056 0.09938 0.10789 0.11620 0.13245 0.14841 0.16420 0.17988 0.19549 0.21105 0.22658 0.24207 2644.7 2750.8 2844.4 2933.6 3021.2 3108.6 3285.5 3467.0 3654.3 3847.9 4047.7 4253.6 4465.3 4682.6 2856.5 2994.3 3116.1 3231.7 3344.9 3457.2 3682.8 3912.2 4146.9 4387.5 4634.2 4886.7 5145.1 5408.8 6.2893 6.5412 6.7450 6.9235 7.0856 7.2359 7.5103 7.7590 7.9885 8.2028 8.4045 8.5955 8.7771 8.9502 0.05876 0.06845 0.07680 0.08456 0.09198 0.09919 0.11325 0.12702 0.14061 0.15410 0.16751 0.18087 0.19420 0.20750 2624.0 2829.7 6.1764 2738.8 2978.4 6.4484 2836.0 3104.9 6.6601 2927.2 3223.2 6.8428 3016.1 3338.1 7.0074 3104.5 3451.7 7.1593 3282.5 3678.9 7.4357 3464.7 3909.3 7.6855 3652.5 4144.6 7.9156 3846.4 4385.7 8.1304 4046.4 4632.7 8.3324 4252.5 4885.6 8.5236 4464.4 5144.1 8.7053 4681.8 5408.0 8.8786 7/12/11 14:26:00 920 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación) T °C v m3/kg u kJ/kg Sat. 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.04978 0.05461 0.05887 0.06647 0.07343 0.08004 0.08644 0.09886 0.11098 0.12292 0.13476 0.14653 0.15824 0.16992 0.18157 h kJ/kg s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 4.0 MPa (250.35 C) 2601.7 2668.9 2726.2 2827.4 2920.8 3011.0 3100.3 3279.4 3462.4 3650.6 3844.8 4045.1 4251.4 4463.5 4680.9 2800.8 2887.3 2961.7 3093.3 3214.5 3331.2 3446.0 3674.9 3906.3 4142.3 4383.9 4631.2 4884.4 5143.2 5407.2 6.0696 6.2312 6.3639 6.5843 6.7714 6.9386 7.0922 7.3706 7.6214 7.8523 8.0675 8.2698 8.4612 8.6430 8.8164 P 6.0 MPa (275.59 C) Sat. 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.03245 0.03619 0.04225 0.04742 0.05217 0.05667 0.06102 0.06527 0.07355 0.08165 0.08964 0.09756 0.10543 0.11326 0.12107 2589.9 2668.4 2790.4 2893.7 2989.9 3083.1 3175.2 3267.2 3453.0 3643.2 3838.8 4040.1 4247.1 4459.8 4677.7 2784.6 2885.6 3043.9 3178.3 3302.9 3423.1 3541.3 3658.8 3894.3 4133.1 4376.6 4625.4 4879.7 5139.4 5404.1 5.8902 6.0703 6.3357 6.5432 6.7219 6.8826 7.0308 7.1693 7.4247 7.6582 7.8751 8.0786 8.2709 8.4534 8.6273 P 9.0 MPa (303.35 C) Sat. 325 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.020489 2558.5 0.023284 2647.6 0.025816 2725.0 0.029960 2849.2 0.033524 2956.3 0.036793 3056.3 0.039885 3153.0 0.042861 3248.4 0.045755 3343.4 0.048589 3438.8 0.054132 3632.0 0.059562 3829.6 0.064919 4032.4 0.070224 4240.7 0.075492 4454.2 0.080733 4672.9 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 920 2742.9 2857.1 2957.3 3118.8 3258.0 3387.4 3512.0 3634.1 3755.2 3876.1 4119.2 4365.7 4616.7 4872.7 5133.6 5399.5 5.6791 5.8738 6.0380 6.2876 6.4872 6.6603 6.8164 6.9605 7.0954 7.2229 7.4606 7.6802 7.8855 8.0791 8.2625 8.4371 u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 4.5 MPa (257.44 C) 0.04406 0.04733 0.05138 0.05842 0.06477 0.07076 0.07652 0.08766 0.09850 0.10916 0.11972 0.13020 0.14064 0.15103 0.16140 2599.7 2651.4 2713.0 2818.6 2914.2 3005.8 3096.0 3276.4 3460.0 3648.8 3843.3 4043.9 4250.4 4462.6 4680.1 2798.0 2864.4 2944.2 3081.5 3205.7 3324.2 3440.4 3670.9 3903.3 4140.0 4382.1 4629.8 4883.2 5142.2 5406.5 6.0198 6.1429 6.2854 6.5153 6.7071 6.8770 7.0323 7.3127 7.5647 7.7962 8.0118 8.2144 8.4060 8.5880 8.7616 P 7.0 MPa (285.83 C) 0.027378 2581.0 0.029492 2633.5 0.035262 2770.1 0.039958 2879.5 0.044187 2979.0 0.048157 3074.3 0.051966 3167.9 0.055665 3261.0 0.062850 3448.3 0.069856 3639.5 0.076750 3835.7 0.083571 4037.5 0.090341 4245.0 0.097075 4457.9 0.103781 4676.1 2772.6 2839.9 3016.9 3159.2 3288.3 3411.4 3531.6 3650.6 3888.3 4128.5 4373.0 4622.5 4877.4 5137.4 5402.6 5.8148 5.9337 6.2305 6.4502 6.6353 6.8000 6.9507 7.0910 7.3487 7.5836 7.8014 8.0055 8.1982 8.3810 8.5551 P 10.0 MPa (311.00 C) 0.018028 2545.2 0.019877 2611.6 0.022440 2699.6 0.026436 2833.1 0.029782 2944.5 0.032811 3047.0 0.035655 3145.4 0.038378 3242.0 0.041018 3338.0 0.043597 3434.0 0.048629 3628.2 0.053547 3826.5 0.058391 4029.9 0.063183 4238.5 0.067938 4452.4 0.072667 4671.3 2725.5 2810.3 2924.0 3097.5 3242.4 3375.1 3502.0 3625.8 3748.1 3870.0 4114.5 4362.0 4613.8 4870.3 5131.7 5398.0 5.6159 5.7596 5.9460 6.2141 6.4219 6.5995 6.7585 6.9045 7.0408 7.1693 7.4085 7.6290 7.8349 8.0289 8.2126 8.3874 u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 5.0 MPa (263.94 C) 0.03945 0.04144 0.04535 0.05197 0.05784 0.06332 0.06858 0.07870 0.08852 0.09816 0.10769 0.11715 0.12655 0.13592 0.14527 2597.0 2632.3 2699.0 2809.5 2907.5 3000.6 3091.8 3273.3 3457.7 3646.9 3841.8 4042.6 4249.3 4461.6 4679.3 2794.2 5.9737 2839.5 6.0571 2925.7 6.2111 3069.3 6.4516 3196.7 6.6483 3317.2 6.8210 3434.7 6.9781 3666.9 7.2605 3900.3 7.5136 4137.7 7.7458 4380.2 7.9619 4628.3 8.1648 4882.1 8.3566 5141.3 8.5388 5405.7 8.7124 P 8.0 MPa (295.01 C) 0.023525 2570.5 0.024279 2592.3 0.029975 2748.3 0.034344 2864.6 0.038194 2967.8 0.041767 3065.4 0.045172 3160.5 0.048463 3254.7 0.054829 3443.6 0.061011 3635.7 0.067082 3832.7 0.073079 4035.0 0.079025 4242.8 0.084934 4456.1 0.090817 4674.5 2758.7 5.7450 2786.5 5.7937 2988.1 6.1321 3139.4 6.3658 3273.3 6.5579 3399.5 6.7266 3521.8 6.8800 3642.4 7.0221 3882.2 7.2822 4123.8 7.5185 4369.3 7.7372 4619.6 7.9419 4875.0 8.1350 5135.5 8.3181 5401.0 8.4925 P 12.5 MPa (327.81 C) 0.013496 2505.6 2674.3 5.4638 0.016138 2624.9 0.020030 2789.6 0.023019 2913.7 0.025630 3023.2 0.028033 3126.1 0.030306 3225.8 0.032491 3324.1 0.034612 3422.0 0.038724 3618.8 0.042720 3818.9 0.046641 4023.5 0.050510 4233.1 0.054342 4447.7 0.058147 4667.3 2826.6 5.7130 3040.0 6.0433 3201.5 6.2749 3343.6 6.4651 3476.5 6.6317 3604.6 6.7828 3730.2 6.9227 3854.6 7.0540 4102.8 7.2967 4352.9 7.5195 4606.5 7.7269 4864.5 7.9220 5127.0 8.1065 5394.1 8.2819 7/12/11 14:26:01 921 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (conclusión) T °C v m3/kg u kJ/kg Sat. 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.010341 0.011481 0.015671 0.018477 0.020828 0.022945 0.024921 0.026804 0.028621 0.032121 0.035503 0.038808 0.042062 0.045279 0.048469 h kJ/kg s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 15.0 MPa (342.16 C) 2455.7 2520.9 2740.6 2880.8 2998.4 3106.2 3209.3 3310.1 3409.8 3609.3 3811.2 4017.1 4227.7 4443.1 4663.3 2610.8 2693.1 2975.7 3157.9 3310.8 3450.4 3583.1 3712.1 3839.1 4091.1 4343.7 4599.2 4858.6 5122.3 5390.3 5.3108 5.4438 5.8819 6.1434 6.3480 6.5230 6.6796 6.8233 6.9573 7.2037 7.4288 7.6378 7.8339 8.0192 8.1952 0.001978 0.006005 0.007886 0.009176 0.011143 0.012736 0.014140 0.015430 0.016643 0.018922 0.021075 0.023150 0.025172 0.027157 0.029115 1799.9 2428.5 2607.8 2721.2 2887.3 3020.8 3140.0 3251.9 3359.9 3570.7 3780.2 3991.5 4206.1 4424.6 4647.2 1849.4 2578.7 2805.0 2950.6 3165.9 3339.2 3493.5 3637.7 3776.0 4043.8 4307.1 4570.2 4835.4 5103.5 5375.1 0.001641 0.001911 0.002538 0.003692 0.005623 0.006985 0.008089 0.009053 0.009930 0.011521 0.012980 0.014360 0.015686 0.016976 0.018239 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 921 1677.0 1855.0 2097.5 2364.2 2681.6 2875.1 3026.8 3159.5 3282.0 3511.8 3733.3 3952.9 4173.7 4396.9 4623.3 1742.6 1931.4 2199.0 2511.8 2906.5 3154.4 3350.4 3521.6 3679.2 3972.6 4252.5 4527.3 4801.1 5075.9 5352.8 s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 17.5 MPa (354.67 C) u kJ/kg 4.9310 0.012463 0.015204 0.017385 0.019305 0.021073 0.022742 0.024342 0.027405 0.030348 0.033215 0.036029 0.038806 0.041556 0.009950 0.012721 0.014793 0.016571 0.018185 0.019695 0.021134 0.023870 0.026484 0.029020 0.031504 0.033952 0.036371 5.5526 5.9043 6.1446 6.3390 6.5075 6.6593 6.7991 7.0531 7.2829 7.4950 7.6933 7.8802 8.0574 2684.3 2902.4 2845.4 3111.4 2972.4 3276.7 3085.8 3423.6 3192.5 3561.3 3295.8 3693.8 3397.5 3823.5 3599.7 4079.3 3803.5 4334.6 4010.7 4592.0 4222.3 4852.8 4438.5 5117.6 4659.2 5386.5 5.7211 6.0212 6.2424 6.4266 6.5890 6.7366 6.8735 7.1237 7.3511 7.5616 7.7588 7.9449 8.1215 0.001792 0.002798 0.005299 0.006737 0.008691 0.010175 0.011445 0.012590 0.013654 0.015628 0.017473 0.019240 0.020954 0.022630 0.024279 1738.1 1791.9 2068.9 2152.8 2452.9 2611.8 2618.9 2821.0 2824.0 3084.8 2974.5 3279.7 3103.4 3446.8 3221.7 3599.4 3334.3 3743.9 3551.2 4020.0 3764.6 4288.8 3978.6 4555.8 4195.2 4823.9 4415.3 5094.2 4639.2 5367.6 0.001560 0.001731 0.002009 0.002487 0.003890 0.005118 0.006108 0.006957 0.007717 0.009073 0.010296 0.011441 0.012534 0.013590 0.014620 1638.6 1716.6 1787.8 1874.4 1960.3 2060.7 2160.3 2284.7 2528.1 2722.6 2769.5 3025.4 2947.1 3252.6 3095.6 3443.5 3228.7 3614.6 3472.2 3925.8 3702.0 4216.8 3927.4 4499.4 4152.2 4778.9 4378.6 5058.1 4607.5 5338.5 2617.9 2807.3 2945.3 3064.7 3175.3 3281.4 3385.1 3590.1 3795.7 4004.3 4216.9 4433.8 4655.2 2816.9 3061.7 3241.2 3396.2 3539.0 3675.3 3807.8 4067.5 4325.4 4584.7 4847.0 5112.9 5382.7 P 35.0 MPa 3.9313 4.4758 5.1473 5.4422 5.7956 6.0403 6.2373 6.4074 6.5599 6.8301 7.0695 7.2880 7.4906 7.6807 7.8602 0.001701 0.002105 0.003434 0.004957 0.006933 0.008348 0.009523 0.010565 0.011523 0.013278 0.014904 0.016450 0.017942 0.019398 0.020827 P 50.0 MPa 3.8290 4.1145 4.5044 4.9449 5.4744 5.7857 6.0170 6.2078 6.3740 6.6613 6.9107 7.1355 7.3425 7.5357 7.7175 s kJ/kg K P 20.0 MPa (365.75 C) P 30.0 MPa 4.0345 5.1400 5.4708 5.6759 5.9643 6.1816 6.3637 6.5243 6.6702 6.9322 7.1668 7.3821 7.5825 7.7710 7.9494 h kJ/kg 0.005862 2294.8 2412.1 P 40.0 MPa 375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 h kJ/kg 0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435 P 25.0 MPa 375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 u kJ/kg 1702.8 1914.9 2253.3 2497.5 2755.3 2925.8 3065.6 3190.9 3308.3 3531.6 3749.0 3965.8 4184.4 4406.1 4631.2 1762.4 1988.6 2373.5 2671.0 2997.9 3218.0 3399.0 3560.7 3711.6 3996.3 4270.6 4541.5 4812.4 5085.0 5360.2 3.8724 4.2144 4.7751 5.1946 5.6331 5.9093 6.1229 6.3030 6.4623 6.7409 6.9853 7.2069 7.4118 7.6034 7.7841 P 60.0 MPa 3.7642 4.0029 4.2746 4.5896 5.1762 5.5563 5.8245 6.0373 6.2179 6.5225 6.7819 7.0131 7.2244 7.4207 7.6048 0.001503 0.001633 0.001816 0.002086 0.002952 0.003955 0.004833 0.005591 0.006265 0.007456 0.008519 0.009504 0.010439 0.011339 0.012213 1609.7 1745.2 1892.9 2055.1 2393.2 2664.6 2866.8 3031.3 3175.4 3432.6 3670.9 3902.0 4130.9 4360.5 4591.8 1699.9 1843.2 2001.8 2180.2 2570.3 2901.9 3156.8 3366.8 3551.3 3880.0 4182.1 4472.2 4757.3 5040.8 5324.5 3.7149 3.9317 4.1630 4.4140 4.9356 5.3517 5.6527 5.8867 6.0814 6.4033 6.6725 6.9099 7.1255 7.3248 7.5111 7/12/11 14:26:01 922 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-7 Agua líquida comprimida T °C u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 5 MPa (263.94 C) Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9 u kJ/kg 0.0020378 1785.8 1826.6 0.0009904 0.23 20.03 0.0009929 82.71 102.57 0.0009992 165.17 185.16 0.0010084 247.75 267.92 0.0010199 330.50 350.90 0.0010337 413.50 434.17 0.0010496 496.85 517.84 0.0010679 580.71 602.07 0.0010886 665.28 687.05 0.0011122 750.78 773.02 0.0011390 837.49 860.27 0.0011697 925.77 949.16 0.0012053 1016.1 1040.2 0.0012472 1109.0 1134.0 0.0012978 1205.6 1231.5 0.0013611 1307.2 1334.4 0.0014450 1416.6 1445.5 0.0015693 1540.2 1571.6 0.0018248 1703.6 1740.1 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 922 s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 10 MPa (311.00 C) 2.9207 0.0001 0.2954 0.5705 0.8287 1.0723 1.3034 1.5236 1.7344 1.9374 2.1338 2.3251 2.5127 2.6983 2.8841 0.0014522 0.0009952 0.0009973 0.0010035 0.0010127 0.0010244 0.0010385 0.0010549 0.0010738 0.0010954 0.0011200 0.0011482 0.0011809 0.0012192 0.0012653 0.0013226 0.0013980 P 20 MPa (365.75 C) Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 h kJ/kg 4.0146 0.0005 0.2921 0.5646 0.8208 1.0627 1.2920 1.5105 1.7194 1.9203 2.1143 2.3027 2.4867 2.6676 2.8469 3.0265 3.2091 3.3996 3.6086 3.8787 1393.3 0.12 83.31 166.33 249.43 332.69 416.23 500.18 584.72 670.06 756.48 844.32 934.01 1026.2 1121.6 1221.8 1329.4 1407.9 10.07 93.28 176.37 259.55 342.94 426.62 510.73 595.45 681.01 767.68 855.80 945.82 1038.3 1134.3 1235.0 1343.3 3.3603 0.0003 0.2943 0.5685 0.8260 1.0691 1.2996 1.5191 1.7293 1.9316 2.1271 2.3174 2.5037 2.6876 2.8710 3.0565 3.2488 P 30 MPa 0.0009857 0.0009886 0.0009951 0.0010042 0.0010155 0.0010290 0.0010445 0.0010623 0.0010823 0.0011049 0.0011304 0.0011595 0.0011927 0.0012314 0.0012770 0.0013322 0.0014014 0.0014932 0.0016276 0.0018729 0.29 82.11 164.05 246.14 328.40 410.87 493.66 576.90 660.74 745.40 831.11 918.15 1006.9 1097.8 1191.5 1288.9 1391.7 1502.4 1626.8 1782.0 29.86 111.77 193.90 276.26 358.86 441.74 525.00 608.76 693.21 778.55 865.02 952.93 1042.7 1134.7 1229.8 1328.9 1433.7 1547.1 1675.6 1838.2 u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 15 MPa (342.16 C) 0.0016572 1585.5 1610.3 0.0009928 0.18 15.07 0.0009951 83.01 97.93 0.0010013 165.75 180.77 0.0010105 248.58 263.74 0.0010221 331.59 346.92 0.0010361 414.85 430.39 0.0010522 498.50 514.28 0.0010708 582.69 598.75 0.0010920 667.63 684.01 0.0011160 753.58 770.32 0.0011435 840.84 858.00 0.0011752 929.81 947.43 0.0012121 1021.0 1039.2 0.0012560 1115.1 1134.0 0.0013096 1213.4 1233.0 0.0013783 1317.6 1338.3 0.0014733 1431.9 1454.0 0.0016311 1567.9 1592.4 3.6848 0.0004 0.2932 0.5666 0.8234 1.0659 1.2958 1.5148 1.7243 1.9259 2.1206 2.3100 2.4951 2.6774 2.8586 3.0410 3.2279 3.4263 3.6555 P 50 MPa 0.0003 0.2897 0.5607 0.8156 1.0564 1.2847 1.5020 1.7098 1.9094 2.1020 2.2888 2.4707 2.6491 2.8250 3.0001 3.1761 3.3558 3.5438 3.7499 4.0026 0.0009767 0.29 49.13 0.0010 0.0009805 80.93 129.95 0.2845 0.0009872 161.90 211.25 0.5528 0.0009962 243.08 292.88 0.8055 0.0010072 324.42 374.78 1.0442 0.0010201 405.94 456.94 1.2705 0.0010349 487.69 539.43 1.4859 0.0010517 569.77 622.36 1.6916 0.0010704 652.33 705.85 1.8889 0.0010914 735.49 790.06 2.0790 0.0011149 819.45 875.19 2.2628 0.0011412 904.39 961.45 2.4414 0.0011708 990.55 1049.1 2.6156 0.0012044 1078.2 1138.4 2.7864 0.0012430 1167.7 1229.9 2.9547 0.0012879 1259.6 1324.0 3.1218 0.0013409 1354.3 1421.4 3.2888 0.0014049 1452.9 1523.1 3.4575 0.0014848 1556.5 1630.7 3.6301 0.0015884 1667.1 1746.5 3.8102 7/12/11 14:26:01 923 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-8 Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua Volumen específico, m3/kg Energía interna, kJ/kg Entalpía, kJ/kg Entropía, kJ/kg · K Temp., T °C Pres. sat., Psat kPa Hielo sat, vi Vapor sat., vg Hielo sat., ui Subl., uig Vapor sat., ug Hielo sat., hi Subl., hig Vapor sat., hg Hielo sat., si Subl., sig Vapor sat., sg 0.01 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 0.61169 0.61115 0.51772 0.43748 0.36873 0.30998 0.25990 0.21732 0.18121 0.15068 0.12492 0.10326 0.08510 0.06991 0.05725 0.04673 0.03802 0.03082 0.02490 0.02004 0.01608 0.01285 0.001091 0.001091 0.001091 0.001090 0.001090 0.001090 0.001089 0.001089 0.001088 0.001088 0.001088 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001086 0.001086 0.001086 0.001085 0.001085 0.001085 0.001084 205.99 206.17 241.62 283.84 334.27 394.66 467.17 554.47 659.88 787.51 942.51 1131.3 1362.0 1644.7 1992.2 2421.0 2951.7 3610.9 4432.4 5460.1 6750.5 8376.7 333.40 333.43 337.63 341.80 345.94 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70 2707.9 2707.9 2709.4 2710.8 2712.2 2713.5 2714.8 2716.1 2717.3 2718.6 2719.7 2720.9 2722.0 2723.1 2724.2 2725.2 2726.2 2727.2 2728.1 2729.0 2729.9 2730.7 2374.5 2374.5 2371.8 2369.0 2366.2 2363.5 2360.7 2357.9 2355.2 2352.4 2349.6 2346.8 2344.1 2341.3 2338.5 2335.7 2332.9 2330.2 2327.4 2324.6 2321.8 2319.0 333.40 333.43 337.63 341.80 345.93 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70 2833.9 2833.9 2834.5 2835.0 2835.4 2835.8 2836.2 2836.6 2836.9 2837.2 2837.5 2837.7 2837.9 2838.1 2838.2 2838.3 2838.4 2838.4 2838.5 2838.4 2838.4 2838.3 2500.5 2500.5 2496.8 2493.2 2489.5 2485.8 2482.1 2478.4 2474.7 2471.0 2467.3 2463.6 2459.9 2456.2 2452.5 2448.8 2445.1 2441.4 2437.7 2434.0 2430.3 2426.6 1.2202 1.2204 1.2358 1.2513 1.2667 1.2821 1.2976 1.3130 1.3284 1.3439 1.3593 1.3748 1.3903 1.4057 1.4212 1.4367 1.4521 1.4676 1.4831 1.4986 1.5141 1.5296 10.374 10.375 10.453 10.533 10.613 10.695 10.778 10.862 10.947 11.033 11.121 11.209 11.300 11.391 11.484 11.578 11.673 11.770 11.869 11.969 12.071 12.174 9.154 9.154 9.218 9.282 9.347 9.413 9.480 9.549 9.618 9.689 9.761 9.835 9.909 9.985 10.063 10.141 10.221 10.303 10.386 10.470 10.557 10.644 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 923 7/12/11 14:26:01 1 600 h = 400 3 2400 4 00 50% 5 0 20 00 3200 3400 4000 3800 3600 4500 6 h h= =4200 k J /k 00 22 00 Va po rs g do h= 7 10 kg /m 3 6 7 26 h00= 24 kJ/ 00 kg GCa rlaidn atída== 9900% % 70 80% % atu ra 0 10 80 0 6 0 80 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 35 00 3 0 25 0 20 0 15 5 Entropía, kJ/kg · K 18 0 0 kg kJ/ 200 8 1 kg/m 3 9 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000 h = 5000 kJ/kg g/m 3 0.3 kg/m 3 3 kg/m 3 8 9 2650 h = 2600 2650 kJ/kg 2550 2800 2900 3000 3100 0 10 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 10 1200 Copyright © 1984. De NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 por Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher y George S. Kell. Reproducido con permiso de Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. 2 % 20 800 0 0 ad lid Ca 0% =1 uid Líq do ra atu os 0 140 1000 0 100 1 200 0 1 60 1800 0 300 0 28 0 2600 2=200 kJ/kg h =h 2000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 4 100 k g/m 3 550 P = 300 20 00 ba r 1 00 0 5 100 000 80000 0 D e n 50 sida d= 4 00 6000 kg/m 3 30000 0 20 0 15 00 00 60% FIGURA A-9 Diagrama T-s para el agua. Temperatura, °C 50 0 10 0 900 3 300 k g/m 3 1000 2 30 30 kg /m 3 40 30 20 15 10 kg/m 3 0.1 1100 1 120 % 140 40% 3k 0.0 8 6 4 3 2 1.5 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0. 2 0.1 0.0 5 0.08 0. 1 6 0. 0 0.04 3 0.0 0 2 . 0 15 Den 0 kg/m 3 0.01 sida d= .00 8 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 924 0 16 0. 0 006 0 .0 . 0 04 0. 03 00 2 0 1200 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 924 7/12/11 14:26:02 925 APÉNDICE 1 5000 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5000 °C 1100°C C 0° 0 T= 11 °C 1000°C 0°C 400° 98% 96% Ca 9 4 % lid ad= 92% 90% 88 86% % 84% 82% 80% 78 76 % 74 % 72 % 70 % % 68 % 0°C T = 300° 2000 3000 0. 0. 3 0 0. .08 0.12 0 0. 6 0.1 5 04 0.0 0.0 5 0. 3 01 0. 5 01 0 0. .8 0.4 6 8 6 4 3 2 1.5 1.0 5 De nsi da d= 0.01 0.1 kg/m 3 kg/m 3 /m 3 1 kg 150 00 200 00 250 00 300 00 bar C 800°°C P= 4000 C 700°°C 0°C 600° 3000 0°C 500° Entalpía, kJ/kg Densi 100 dad = 00 1000 800 kg/m 3 0 600 0 500 40000 3000 20 15 00 800 10 00 00 6 40000 5 00 30 2000 1 00 kg/m 3 80 1150 00 60 40 50 30 20 15 10 k 10 g/m 3 °C 900°C 4000 02 0. P = r ba 08 0.0 2000 % 66 % 64 % 62 % 60 % 58 56% 54% 52% 50% 48% 46% 44% 42% 40% 1000 2 3 4 5 6 Entropía, kJ/kg · K 7 8 9 1000 10 FIGURA A-10 Diagrama de Mollier para el agua. Copyright © 1984. De NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 por Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher y George S. Kell. Reproducido con permiso de Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 925 7/12/11 14:26:02 926 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura Volumen específico, m3/kg Energía interna, kJ/kg Pres. Líq. Temp., sat., sat., T °C Psat kPa vf Vapor sat., vg Líq. sat., uf Evap., ufg Vapor sat., ug 40 38 36 34 32 51.25 56.86 62.95 69.56 76.71 0.0007054 0.0007083 0.0007112 0.0007142 0.0007172 0.36081 0.32732 0.29751 0.27090 0.24711 0.036 2.475 4.992 7.517 10.05 207.40 206.04 204.67 203.29 201.91 30 28 26 24 22 84.43 92.76 101.73 111.37 121.72 0.0007203 0.0007234 0.0007265 0.0007297 0.0007329 0.22580 0.20666 0.18946 0.17395 0.15995 12.59 15.13 17.69 20.25 22.82 20 18 16 14 12 132.82 144.69 157.38 170.93 185.37 0.0007362 0.0007396 0.0007430 0.0007464 0.0007499 0.14729 0.13583 0.12542 0.11597 0.10736 10 8 6 4 2 200.74 217.08 234.44 252.85 272.36 0.0007535 0.0007571 0.0007608 0.0007646 0.0007684 0 2 4 6 8 293.01 314.84 337.90 362.23 387.88 10 12 14 16 18 414.89 443.31 473.19 504.58 537.52 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 926 Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat., hf Entropía, kJ/kg · K Evap., hfg Vapor sat., hg Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 207.37 0.000 208.51 2.515 209.66 5.037 210.81 7.566 211.96 10.10 225.86 224.61 223.35 222.09 220.81 225.86 227.12 228.39 229.65 230.91 0.00000 0.01072 0.02138 0.03199 0.04253 0.96866 0.95511 0.94176 0.92859 0.91560 0.96866 0.96584 0.96315 0.96058 0.95813 200.52 199.12 197.72 196.30 194.88 213.11 214.25 215.40 216.55 217.70 12.65 15.20 17.76 20.33 22.91 219.52 232.17 218.22 233.43 216.92 234.68 215.59 235.92 214.26 s237.17 0.05301 0.06344 0.07382 0.08414 0.09441 0.90278 0.89012 0.87762 0.86527 0.85307 0.95579 0.95356 0.95144 0.94941 0.94748 25.39 27.98 30.57 33.17 35.78 193.45 192.01 190.56 189.09 187.62 218.84 219.98 221.13 222.27 223.40 25.49 28.09 30.69 33.30 35.92 212.91 211.55 210.18 208.79 207.38 238.41 239.64 240.87 242.09 243.30 0.10463 0.11481 0.12493 0.13501 0.14504 0.84101 0.82908 0.81729 0.80561 0.79406 0.94564 0.94389 0.94222 0.94063 0.93911 0.099516 0.092352 0.085802 0.079804 0.074304 38.40 41.03 43.66 46.31 48.96 186.14 184.64 183.13 181.61 180.08 224.54 225.67 226.80 227.92 229.04 38.55 41.19 43.84 46.50 49.17 205.96 204.52 203.07 201.60 200.11 244.51 245.72 246.91 248.10 249.28 0.15504 0.16498 0.17489 0.18476 0.19459 0.78263 0.77130 0.76008 0.74896 0.73794 0.93766 0.93629 0.93497 0.93372 0.93253 0.0007723 0.0007763 0.0007804 0.0007845 0.0007887 0.069255 0.064612 0.060338 0.056398 0.052762 51.63 54.30 56.99 59.68 62.39 178.53 176.97 175.39 173.80 172.19 230.16 231.27 232.38 233.48 234.58 51.86 54.55 57.25 59.97 62.69 198.60 197.07 195.51 193.94 192.35 250.45 251.61 252.77 253.91 255.04 0.20439 0.21415 0.22387 0.23356 0.24323 0.72701 0.71616 0.70540 0.69471 0.68410 0.93139 0.93031 0.92927 0.92828 0.92733 0.0007930 0.0007975 0.0008020 0.0008066 0.0008113 0.049403 0.046295 0.043417 0.040748 0.038271 65.10 67.83 70.57 73.32 76.08 170.56 168.92 167.26 165.58 163.88 235.67 236.75 237.83 238.90 239.96 65.43 68.18 70.95 73.73 76.52 190.73 189.09 187.42 185.73 184.01 256.16 257.27 258.37 259.46 260.53 0.25286 0.26246 0.27204 0.28159 0.29112 0.67356 0.66308 0.65266 0.64230 0.63198 0.92641 0.92554 0.92470 0.92389 0.92310 7/12/11 14:26:02 927 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura (conclusión) Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres. Líq. Temp., sat., sat., T °C Psat kPa vf Vapor sat., vg 20 22 24 26 28 572.07 608.27 646.18 685.84 727.31 0.0008161 0.0008210 0.0008261 0.0008313 0.0008366 0.035969 0.033828 0.031834 0.029976 0.028242 30 32 34 36 38 770.64 815.89 863.11 912.35 963.68 0.0008421 0.0008478 0.0008536 0.0008595 0.0008657 40 42 44 46 48 1017.1 1072.8 1130.7 1191.0 1253.6 52 56 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Energía interna, kJ/kg Líq. sat., uf Entalpía, kJ/kg Entropía, kJ/kg · K Evap., ufg Vapor sat., ug Líq. sat., hf Evap., hfg Vapor sat., hg Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 78.86 81.64 84.44 87.26 90.09 162.16 160.42 158.65 156.87 155.05 241.02 242.06 243.10 244.12 245.14 79.32 82.14 84.98 87.83 90.69 182.27 180.49 178.69 176.85 174.99 261.59 262.64 263.67 264.68 265.68 0.30063 0.31011 0.31958 0.32903 0.33846 0.62172 0.61149 0.60130 0.59115 0.58102 0.92234 0.92160 0.92088 0.92018 0.91948 0.026622 0.025108 0.023691 0.022364 0.021119 92.93 95.79 98.66 101.55 104.45 153.22 151.35 149.46 147.54 145.58 246.14 247.14 248.12 249.08 250.04 93.58 96.48 99.40 102.33 105.29 173.08 171.14 169.17 167.16 165.10 266.66 267.62 268.57 269.49 270.39 0.34789 0.35730 0.36670 0.37609 0.38548 0.57091 0.56082 0.55074 0.54066 0.53058 0.91879 0.91811 0.91743 0.91675 0.91606 0.0008720 0.0008786 0.0008854 0.0008924 0.0008996 0.019952 0.018855 0.017824 0.016853 0.015939 107.38 110.32 113.28 116.26 119.26 143.60 141.58 139.52 137.42 135.29 250.97 251.89 252.80 253.68 254.55 108.26 111.26 114.28 117.32 120.39 163.00 160.86 158.67 156.43 154.14 271.27 272.12 272.95 273.75 274.53 0.39486 0.40425 0.41363 0.42302 0.43242 0.52049 0.51039 0.50027 0.49012 0.47993 0.91536 0.91464 0.91391 0.91315 0.91236 1386.2 1529.1 1682.8 1891.0 2118.2 2365.8 0.0009150 0.0009317 0.0009498 0.0009750 0.0010037 0.0010372 0.014265 0.012771 0.011434 0.009950 0.008642 0.007480 125.33 131.49 137.76 145.77 154.01 162.53 130.88 126.28 121.46 115.05 108.14 100.60 256.21 257.77 259.22 260.82 262.15 263.13 126.59 132.91 139.36 147.62 156.13 164.98 149.39 144.38 139.10 132.02 124.32 115.85 275.98 277.30 278.46 279.64 280.46 280.82 0.45126 0.47018 0.48920 0.51320 0.53755 0.56241 0.45941 0.43863 0.41749 0.39039 0.36227 0.33272 0.91067 0.90880 0.90669 0.90359 0.89982 0.89512 2635.3 2928.2 3246.9 3594.1 3975.1 0.0010772 0.0011270 0.0011932 0.0012933 0.0015269 0.006436 0.005486 0.004599 0.003726 0.002630 171.40 180.77 190.89 202.40 218.72 92.23 82.67 71.29 56.47 29.19 263.63 263.44 262.18 258.87 247.91 174.24 184.07 194.76 207.05 224.79 106.35 95.44 82.35 65.21 33.58 280.59 279.51 277.11 272.26 258.37 0.58800 0.61473 0.64336 0.67578 0.72217 0.30111 0.26644 0.22674 0.17711 0.08999 0.88912 0.88117 0.87010 0.85289 0.81215 Fuente: Las tablas A-11 a A-13 se generaron utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la R134a, la cual está basada en la ecuación fundamental de estado desarrollada por R. Tillner-Roth y H. D. Baehr, “An Internacional Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties de 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures up to 70 MPa”, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, vol. 23, núm. 5, 1994. Los valores de entalpía y entropía para el líquido saturado son cero a –40°C (y –40°F). 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 927 7/12/11 14:26:02 928 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-12 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres., P kPa Temp. sat., Tsat °C 60 70 80 90 100 Energía interna, kJ/kg Líq. sat., vf Vapor sat., vg Líq. sat., uf 36.95 33.87 31.13 28.65 26.37 0.0007098 0.0007144 0.0007185 0.0007223 0.0007259 0.31121 0.26929 0.23753 0.21263 0.19254 3.798 205.32 7.680 203.20 11.15 201.30 14.31 199.57 17.21 197.98 209.12 210.88 212.46 213.88 215.19 3.841 223.95 7.730 222.00 11.21 220.25 14.37 218.65 17.28 217.16 120 140 160 180 200 22.32 18.77 15.60 12.73 10.09 0.0007324 0.0007383 0.0007437 0.0007487 0.0007533 0.16212 0.14014 0.12348 0.11041 0.099867 22.40 26.98 31.09 34.83 38.28 195.11 192.57 190.27 188.16 186.21 217.51 219.54 221.35 222.99 224.48 22.49 27.08 31.21 34.97 38.43 240 280 320 360 400 5.38 1.25 2.46 5.82 8.91 0.0007620 0.0007699 0.0007772 0.0007841 0.0007907 0.083897 0.072352 0.063604 0.056738 0.051201 44.48 49.97 54.92 59.44 63.62 182.67 179.50 176.61 173.94 171.45 227.14 229.46 231.52 233.38 235.07 450 500 550 600 650 12.46 15.71 18.73 21.55 24.20 0.0007985 0.0008059 0.0008130 0.0008199 0.0008266 0.045619 0.041118 0.037408 0.034295 0.031646 68.45 72.93 77.10 81.02 84.72 168.54 165.82 163.25 160.81 158.48 700 750 800 850 26.69 29.06 31.31 33.45 0.0008331 0.0008395 0.0008458 0.0008520 0.029361 0.027371 0.025621 0.024069 88.24 91.59 94.79 97.87 900 950 1000 1200 1400 35.51 37.48 39.37 46.29 52.40 0.0008580 0.0008641 0.0008700 0.0008934 0.0009166 0.022683 0.021438 0.020313 0.016715 0.014107 1600 1800 2000 2500 3000 57.88 62.87 67.45 77.54 86.16 0.0009400 0.0009639 0.0009886 0.0010566 0.0011406 0.012123 0.010559 0.009288 0.006936 0.005275 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 928 Vapor Evap., sat., ufg ug Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat., hf Entropía, kJ/kg · K Vapor Evap., sat., hfg hg Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 227.79 229.73 231.46 233.02 234.44 0.01634 0.03267 0.04711 0.06008 0.07188 0.94807 0.92775 0.90999 0.89419 0.87995 0.96441 0.96042 0.95710 0.95427 0.95183 214.48 212.08 209.90 207.90 206.03 236.97 239.16 241.11 242.86 244.46 0.09275 0.11087 0.12693 0.14139 0.15457 0.85503 0.83368 0.81496 0.79826 0.78316 0.94779 0.94456 0.94190 0.93965 0.93773 44.66 50.18 55.16 59.72 63.94 202.62 199.54 196.71 194.08 191.62 247.28 249.72 251.88 253.81 255.55 0.17794 0.19829 0.21637 0.23270 0.24761 0.75664 0.73381 0.71369 0.69566 0.67929 0.93458 0.93210 0.93006 0.92836 0.92691 237.00 238.75 240.35 241.83 243.20 68.81 73.33 77.54 81.51 85.26 188.71 185.98 183.38 180.90 178.51 257.53 259.30 260.92 262.40 263.77 0.26465 0.28023 0.29461 0.30799 0.32051 0.66069 0.64377 0.62821 0.61378 0.60030 0.92535 0.92400 0.92282 0.92177 0.92081 156.24 154.08 152.00 149.98 244.48 245.67 246.79 247.85 88.82 92.22 95.47 98.60 176.21 173.98 171.82 169.71 265.03 266.20 267.29 268.31 0.33230 0.34345 0.35404 0.36413 0.58763 0.57567 0.56431 0.55349 0.91994 0.91912 0.91835 0.91762 100.83 103.69 106.45 116.70 125.94 148.01 146.10 144.23 137.11 130.43 248.85 249.79 250.68 253.81 256.37 101.61 104.51 107.32 117.77 127.22 167.66 165.64 163.67 156.10 148.90 269.26 270.15 270.99 273.87 276.12 0.37377 0.38301 0.39189 0.42441 0.45315 0.54315 0.53323 0.52368 0.48863 0.45734 0.91692 0.91624 0.91558 0.91303 0.91050 134.43 142.33 149.78 166.99 183.04 124.04 117.83 111.73 96.47 80.22 258.47 260.17 261.51 263.45 263.26 135.93 144.07 151.76 169.63 186.46 141.93 135.11 128.33 111.16 92.63 277.86 279.17 280.09 280.79 279.09 0.47911 0.50294 0.52509 0.57531 0.62118 0.42873 0.40204 0.37675 0.31695 0.25776 0.90784 0.90498 0.90184 0.89226 0.87894 7/12/11 14:26:02 929 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-13 Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado T °C v m3/kg Sat. 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.31121 0.33608 0.35048 0.36476 0.37893 0.39302 0.40705 0.42102 0.43495 0.44883 0.46269 0.47651 0.49032 0.50410 Sat. 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.11041 0.11189 0.11722 0.12240 0.12748 0.13248 0.13741 0.14230 0.14715 0.15196 0.15673 0.16149 0.16622 Sat. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 0.07235 0.07282 0.07646 0.07997 0.08338 0.08672 0.09000 0.09324 0.09644 0.09961 0.10275 0.10587 0.10897 0.11205 0.11512 0.11818 u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.06 MPa (Tsat 36.95 °C) 209.12 220.60 227.55 234.66 241.92 249.35 256.95 264.71 272.64 280.73 288.99 297.41 306.00 314.74 227.79 240.76 248.58 256.54 264.66 272.94 281.37 289.97 298.74 307.66 316.75 326.00 335.42 344.99 0.9644 1.0174 1.0477 1.0774 1.1066 1.1353 1.1636 1.1915 1.2191 1.2463 1.2732 1.2997 1.3260 1.3520 P 0.18 MPa (Tsat 12.73 °C) 222.99 225.02 232.48 240.00 247.64 255.41 263.31 271.36 279.56 287.91 296.42 305.07 313.88 242.86 245.16 253.58 262.04 270.59 279.25 288.05 296.98 306.05 315.27 324.63 334.14 343.80 0.9397 0.9484 0.9798 1.0102 1.0399 1.0690 1.0975 1.1256 1.1532 1.1805 1.2074 1.2339 1.2602 P 0.28 MPa (Tsat 1.25 °C) 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 929 229.46 230.44 238.27 246.13 254.06 262.10 270.27 278.56 286.99 295.57 304.29 313.15 322.16 331.32 340.63 350.09 249.72 250.83 259.68 268.52 277.41 286.38 295.47 304.67 314.00 323.46 333.06 342.80 352.68 362.70 372.87 383.18 0.9321 0.9362 0.9680 0.9987 1.0285 1.0576 1.0862 1.1142 1.1418 1.1690 1.1958 1.2222 1.2483 1.2742 1.2997 1.3250 v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.10 MPa (Tsat 26.37 °C) 0.19254 0.19841 0.20743 0.21630 0.22506 0.23373 0.24233 0.25088 0.25937 0.26783 0.27626 0.28465 0.29303 0.30138 215.19 219.66 226.75 233.95 241.30 248.79 256.44 264.25 272.22 280.35 288.64 297.08 305.69 314.46 234.44 239.50 247.49 255.58 263.81 272.17 280.68 289.34 298.16 307.13 316.26 325.55 334.99 344.60 0.9518 0.9721 1.0030 1.0332 1.0628 1.0918 1.1203 1.1484 1.1762 1.2035 1.2305 1.2572 1.2836 1.3096 P 0.20 MPa (Tsat 10.09 °C) 0.09987 0.09991 0.10481 0.10955 0.11418 0.11874 0.12322 0.12766 0.13206 0.13641 0.14074 0.14504 0.14933 224.48 224.55 232.09 239.67 247.35 255.14 263.08 271.15 279.37 287.73 296.25 304.92 313.74 244.46 244.54 253.05 261.58 270.18 278.89 287.72 296.68 305.78 315.01 324.40 333.93 343.60 0.9377 0.9380 0.9698 1.0004 1.0303 1.0595 1.0882 1.1163 1.1441 1.1714 1.1983 1.2249 1.2512 P 0.32 MPa (Tsat 2.46 °C) v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.14 MPa (Tsat 18.77 °C) 0.14014 219.54 239.16 0.9446 0.14605 0.15263 0.15908 0.16544 0.17172 0.17794 0.18412 0.19025 0.19635 0.20242 0.20847 0.21449 225.91 233.23 240.66 248.22 255.93 263.79 271.79 279.96 288.28 296.75 305.38 314.17 246.36 254.60 262.93 271.38 279.97 288.70 297.57 306.59 315.77 325.09 334.57 344.20 0.9724 1.0031 1.0331 1.0624 1.0912 1.1195 1.1474 1.1749 1.2020 1.2288 1.2553 1.2814 P 0.24 MPa (Tsat 5.38 °C) 0.08390 227.14 247.28 0.9346 0.08617 0.09026 0.09423 0.09812 0.10193 0.10570 0.10942 0.11310 0.11675 0.12038 0.12398 231.29 238.98 246.74 254.61 262.59 270.71 278.97 287.36 295.91 304.60 313.44 251.97 260.65 269.36 278.16 287.06 296.08 305.23 314.51 323.93 333.49 343.20 0.9519 0.9831 1.0134 1.0429 1.0718 1.1001 1.1280 1.1554 1.1825 1.2092 1.2356 P 0.40 MPa (Tsat 8.91 °C) 0.06360 231.52 251.88 0.9301 0.051201 235.07 255.55 0.9269 0.06609 0.06925 0.07231 0.07530 0.07823 0.08111 0.08395 0.08675 0.08953 0.09229 0.09503 0.09775 0.10045 0.10314 237.54 245.50 253.50 261.60 269.82 278.15 286.62 295.22 303.97 312.86 321.89 331.07 340.39 349.86 258.69 267.66 276.65 285.70 294.85 304.11 313.48 322.98 332.62 342.39 352.30 362.35 372.54 382.87 0.9544 0.9856 1.0157 1.0451 1.0739 1.1021 1.1298 1.1571 1.1840 1.2105 1.2367 1.2626 1.2882 1.3135 0.051506 0.054213 0.056796 0.059292 0.061724 0.064104 0.066443 0.068747 0.071023 0.073274 0.075504 0.077717 0.079913 0.082096 235.97 244.18 252.36 260.58 268.90 277.32 285.86 294.53 303.32 312.26 321.33 330.55 339.90 349.41 256.58 265.86 275.07 284.30 293.59 302.96 312.44 322.02 331.73 341.57 351.53 361.63 371.87 382.24 0.9305 0.9628 0.9937 1.0236 1.0528 1.0814 1.1094 1.1369 1.1640 1.1907 1.2171 1.2431 1.2688 1.2942 7/12/11 14:26:03 930 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-13 Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado (conclusión) T °C v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.50 MPa (Tsat 15.71 °C) Sat. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 0.041118 0.042115 0.044338 0.046456 0.048499 0.050485 0.052427 0.054331 0.056205 0.058053 0.059880 0.061687 0.063479 0.065256 0.067021 0.068775 238.75 242.40 250.84 259.26 267.72 276.25 284.89 293.64 302.51 311.50 320.63 329.89 339.29 348.83 358.51 368.33 259.30 263.46 273.01 282.48 291.96 301.50 311.10 320.80 330.61 340.53 350.57 360.73 371.03 381.46 392.02 402.72 0.9240 0.9383 0.9703 1.0011 1.0309 1.0599 1.0883 1.1162 1.1436 1.1705 1.1971 1.2233 1.2491 1.2747 1.2999 1.3249 P 0.80 MPa (Tsat 31.31 °C) Sat. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 0.025621 0.027035 0.028547 0.029973 0.031340 0.032659 0.033941 0.035193 0.036420 0.037625 0.038813 0.039985 0.041143 0.042290 0.043427 0.044554 246.79 254.82 263.86 272.83 281.81 290.84 299.95 309.15 318.45 327.87 337.40 347.06 356.85 366.76 376.81 386.99 267.29 276.45 286.69 296.81 306.88 316.97 327.10 337.30 347.59 357.97 368.45 379.05 389.76 400.59 411.55 422.64 0.9183 0.9480 0.9802 1.0110 1.0408 1.0698 1.0981 1.1258 1.1530 1.1798 1.2061 1.2321 1.2577 1.2830 1.3080 1.3327 P 1.20 MPa (Tsat 46.29 °C) Sat. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 0.016715 0.017201 0.018404 0.019502 0.020529 0.021506 0.022442 0.023348 0.024228 0.025086 0.025927 0.026753 0.027566 0.028367 0.029158 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 930 253.81 257.63 267.56 277.21 286.75 296.26 305.80 315.38 325.03 334.77 344.61 354.56 364.61 374.78 385.08 273.87 278.27 289.64 300.61 311.39 322.07 332.73 343.40 354.11 364.88 375.72 386.66 397.69 408.82 420.07 0.9130 0.9267 0.9614 0.9938 1.0248 1.0546 1.0836 1.1118 1.1394 1.1664 1.1930 1.2192 1.2449 1.2703 1.2954 v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.60 MPa (Tsat 21.55 °C) v m3/kg u kJ/kg h s kJ/kg kJ/kg K P 0.70 MPa (Tsat 26.69 °C) 0.034295 241.83 262.40 0.9218 0.029361 244.48 265.03 0.9199 0.035984 0.037865 0.039659 0.041389 0.043069 0.044710 0.046318 0.047900 0.049458 0.050997 0.052519 0.054027 0.055522 0.057006 249.22 257.86 266.48 275.15 283.89 292.73 301.67 310.73 319.91 329.23 338.67 348.25 357.96 367.81 270.81 280.58 290.28 299.98 309.73 319.55 329.46 339.47 349.59 359.82 370.18 380.66 391.27 402.01 0.9499 0.9816 1.0121 1.0417 1.0705 1.0987 1.1264 1.1536 1.1803 1.2067 1.2327 1.2584 1.2838 1.3088 0.029966 0.031696 0.033322 0.034875 0.036373 0.037829 0.039250 0.040642 0.042010 0.043358 0.044688 0.046004 0.047306 0.048597 247.48 256.39 265.20 274.01 282.87 291.80 300.82 309.95 319.19 328.55 338.04 347.66 357.41 367.29 268.45 278.57 288.53 298.42 308.33 318.28 328.29 338.40 348.60 358.90 369.32 379.86 390.52 401.31 0.9313 0.9641 0.9954 1.0256 1.0549 1.0835 1.1114 1.1389 1.1658 1.1924 1.2186 1.2444 1.2699 1.2951 P 0.90 MPa (Tsat 35.51 °C) 0.022683 0.023375 0.024809 0.026146 0.027413 0.028630 0.029806 0.030951 0.032068 0.033164 0.034241 0.035302 0.036349 0.037384 0.038408 0.039423 248.85 253.13 262.44 271.60 280.72 289.86 299.06 308.34 317.70 327.18 336.76 346.46 356.28 366.23 376.31 386.52 269.26 274.17 284.77 295.13 305.39 315.63 325.89 336.19 346.56 357.02 367.58 378.23 389.00 399.88 410.88 422.00 0.9169 0.9327 0.9660 0.9976 1.0280 1.0574 1.0860 1.1140 1.1414 1.1684 1.1949 1.2210 1.2467 1.2721 1.2972 1.3221 P 1.40 MPa (Tsat 52.40 °C) P 1.00 MPa (Tsat 39.37 °C) 0.020313 0.020406 0.021796 0.023068 0.024261 0.025398 0.026492 0.027552 0.028584 0.029592 0.030581 0.031554 0.032512 0.033457 0.034392 0.035317 250.68 251.30 260.94 270.32 279.59 288.86 298.15 307.51 316.94 326.47 336.11 345.85 355.71 365.70 375.81 386.04 270.99 271.71 282.74 293.38 303.85 314.25 324.64 335.06 345.53 356.06 366.69 377.40 388.22 399.15 410.20 421.36 0.9156 0.9179 0.9525 0.9850 1.0160 1.0458 1.0748 1.1031 1.1308 1.1580 1.1846 1.2109 1.2368 1.2623 1.2875 1.3124 P 1.60 MPa (Tsat 57.88 °C) 0.014107 256.37 276.12 0.9105 0.012123 258.47 277.86 0.9078 0.015005 0.016060 0.017023 0.017923 0.018778 0.019597 0.020388 0.021155 0.021904 0.022636 0.023355 0.024061 0.024757 264.46 274.62 284.51 294.28 304.01 313.76 323.55 333.41 343.34 353.37 363.51 373.75 384.10 285.47 297.10 308.34 319.37 330.30 341.19 352.09 363.02 374.01 385.07 396.20 407.43 418.76 0.9389 0.9733 1.0056 1.0364 1.0661 1.0949 1.1230 1.1504 1.1773 1.2038 1.2298 1.2554 1.2807 0.012372 0.013430 0.014362 0.015215 0.016014 0.016773 0.017500 0.018201 0.018882 0.019545 0.020194 0.020830 0.021456 260.89 271.76 282.09 292.17 302.14 312.07 322.02 332.00 342.05 352.17 362.38 372.69 383.11 280.69 293.25 305.07 316.52 327.76 338.91 350.02 361.12 372.26 383.44 394.69 406.02 417.44 0.9163 0.9535 0.9875 1.0194 1.0500 1.0795 1.1081 1.1360 1.1632 1.1900 1.2163 1.2421 1.2676 7/12/11 14:26:03 931 APÉNDICE 1 00 95 0 90 0 85 0 80 0 400 10 0 110 0 350 105 115 0 1250 kg/m 3 300 1200 1350 250 1300 1450 200 1400 10 150 1500 100 20 450 500 550 600 650 700 300 400 0 70 00 6 0 50 Densidad 10 /m3 = 200 kg 160 100 120 60 R-134a 2 40 24 1 16 12 0.4 8 0.4 2.4 8 2.4 0 2 2.3 2.2 4 8 2.0 s= 2.00 1.92 1.76 1.84 1.60 1.68 1.52 1.36 1.44 1.28 1.12 1.20 0.96 0.80 0.72 o satu rado 0.1 350 550 600 300 280 260 240 650 2.7 2 2.6 4 2.5 6 s= 8 500 0.04 0.6 2.4 400 450 Entalpía, kJ/kg 220 200 180 T = 160° 160°C 160 °C 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 –20 –40 satura do vapor 300 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 .5 250 0.6 –60 200 X=0 0.64 2.4 1.2 0.02 150 0.2 1.6 líquid 0.04 0.01 100 4 3.2 –40 0.1 1.04 –20 0.2 2.1 6k J/k gK 6 0.88 Presión, MPa 2 32 20 T = 0°C 0°C 0° 1 4 90 70 60 50 40 80 4 750 20 700 0.02 0.3 0.01 750 FIGURA A-14 Diagrama P-h para el refrigerante 134a. Nota: El punto de referencia utilizado para la gráfica es diferente al empleado en las tablas de R-134a. Por lo tanto, los problemas deberán resolverse utilizando todos los datos de propiedades obtenidos, ya sea de las tablas o de la gráfica, pero no de ambas. Reimpreso con autorización de la American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 931 7/12/11 14:26:03 932 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) a) Presiones bajas, 0 < PR < 1.0 TR = 5.00 3.00 1.0 0.7 0.60 0.60 8.00 .00 6 5.00 2.00 4.00 3.50 0. 75 0 3.00 2.60 2.40 .20 2 2.00 1.80 0.9 0.8 0 1.60 1.40 1.60 .50 1 1.40 1.30 0.8 5 0.9 Pv RT 0 1.20 1.20 1.15 1.10 1.00 TR = 2.5 Z 1.00 TR = 15 TR = 3.00 NOTA 0.7 0.90 0.9 v R= T Tcr Z 0.95 Gráfica núm. 1 TR = —– v 0.95 0.90 20 15 0.85 12 10 70 0. VOLUMEN PSEUDORREDUCIDO, v = ––—––– R RTcr / Pcr 0.4 0.90 0.00 0 1. TEMPERATURA REDUCIDA, 0.65 0.5 0.7 T 2.00 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.00 30 0.60 P P = —– R Pcr PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, 1.00 = GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA DE COMPRESIBILIDAD DE NELSON-OBERT 0.6 1.10 0.80 1.0 5 5 ---DESVIACIÓN > 1.0% R FACTOR DE COMPRESIBILIDAD, Z = —– 0.8 1.30 0.80 vRr 0.75 0.10 0.05 PR 1953 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P R b) Presiones intermedias, 0 < PR < 7 3.50 1.10 TR = 5.00 00 00 60 1.40 1. 20 1. 1.80 2. 0.90 0 Pv RT FACTOR DE COMPRESIBILIDAD, Z = —– 2.50 2.00 00 3. 35. 1.00 0 1.0 80 7 0 0 .9 0. 0. 1.60 0 0.6 0.80 .50 =0 v R 0.45 0 0.4 1.50 0.3 5 1.40 0 0.3 1.30 0.25 0.70 0.60 .20 =0 vR 1.20 0.50 GRÁFICA GENERALIZADA DE COMPRESIBILIDAD DE NELSON-OBERT 1.15 1.10 0.40 PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P PR = —– Pcr TEMPERATURA REDUCIDA, v VOLUMEN PSEUDORREDUCIDO, v = —– R RTcr / Pcr 1.05 0.30 0.5 1.0 Gráfica núm. 2 1953 TR = 1.00 0.20 0.0 T TR = —– Tcr 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 PRESIÓN REDUCIDA, P R FIGURA A-15 Carta generalizada de compresibilidad de Nelson-Obert. Con autorización del doctor Edward E. Obert, Universidad de Wisconsin. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 932 7/12/11 14:26:03 933 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-16 Propiedades de la atmósfera a gran altitud Altitud, m Temperatura, °C Presión, kPa Gravedad g, m/s2 Velocidad del sonido, m/s Densidad, kg/m3 Viscosidad m, kg/m · s Conductividad térmica, W/m · K 0 200 400 600 800 15.00 13.70 12.40 11.10 9.80 101.33 98.95 96.61 94.32 92.08 9.807 9.806 9.805 9.805 9.804 340.3 339.5 338.8 338.0 337.2 1.225 1.202 1.179 1.156 1.134 1.789 105 1.783 105 1.777 105 1.771 105 1.764 105 0.0253 0.0252 0.0252 0.0251 0.0250 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 8.50 7.20 5.90 4.60 3.30 89.88 87.72 85.60 83.53 81.49 9.804 9.803 9.802 9.802 9.801 336.4 335.7 334.9 334.1 333.3 1.112 1.090 1.069 1.048 1.027 1.758 105 1.752 105 1.745 105 1.739 105 1.732 105 0.0249 0.0248 0.0247 0.0245 0.0244 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 2.00 0.70 0.59 1.89 3.19 79.50 77.55 75.63 73.76 71.92 9.800 9.800 9.799 9.799 9.798 332.5 331.7 331.0 330.2 329.4 1.007 0.987 0.967 0.947 0.928 1.726 105 1.720 105 1.713 105 1.707 105 1.700 105 0.0243 0.0242 0.0241 0.0240 0.0239 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4.49 5.79 7.09 8.39 9.69 70.12 68.36 66.63 64.94 63.28 9.797 9.797 9.796 9.796 9.795 328.6 327.8 327.0 326.2 325.4 0.909 0.891 0.872 0.854 0.837 1.694 105 1.687 105 1.681 105 1.674 105 1.668 105 0.0238 0.0237 0.0236 0.0235 0.0234 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 10.98 12.3 13.6 14.9 16.2 61.66 60.07 58.52 57.00 55.51 9.794 9.794 9.793 9.793 9.792 324.6 323.8 323.0 322.2 321.4 0.819 0.802 0.785 0.769 0.752 1.661 105 1.655 105 1.648 105 1.642 105 1.635 105 0.0233 0.0232 0.0231 0.0230 0.0229 5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 17.5 18.8 20.1 21.4 22.7 54.05 52.62 51.23 49.86 48.52 9.791 9.791 9.790 9.789 9.785 320.5 319.7 318.9 318.1 317.3 0.736 0.721 0.705 0.690 0.675 1.628 105 1.622 105 1.615 105 1.608 105 1.602 105 0.0228 0.0227 0.0226 0.0224 0.0223 6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 24.0 25.3 26.6 27.9 29.2 47.22 45.94 44.69 43.47 42.27 9.788 9.788 9.787 9.786 9.785 316.5 315.6 314.8 314.0 313.1 0.660 0.646 0.631 0.617 0.604 1.595 105 1.588 105 1.582 105 1.575 105 1.568 105 0.0222 0.0221 0.0220 0.0219 0.0218 7000 8000 9000 30.5 36.9 43.4 41.11 35.65 30.80 9.785 9.782 9.779 312.3 308.1 303.8 0.590 0.526 0.467 1.561 105 1.527 105 1.493 105 0.0217 0.0212 0.0206 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 49.9 56.5 56.5 56.5 56.5 26.50 19.40 14.17 10.53 7.57 9.776 9.770 9.764 9.758 9.751 299.5 295.1 295.1 295.1 295.1 0.414 0.312 0.228 0.166 0.122 1.458 105 1.422 105 1.422 105 1.422 105 1.422 105 0.0201 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195 Fuente: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements. Oficina de Impresiones del Gobierno de Estados Unidos, 1966. Basadas en las condiciones medias anuales a una latitud de 45° y una variación de acuerdo con la época del año y con los patrones del clima. Las condiciones al nivel del mar (z = 0) se consideran como P = 101.325 kPa, T = 15°C, r = 1.2250 kg/m3, g = 9.80665 m2/s . 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 933 7/12/11 14:26:03 934 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-17 Propiedades de gas ideal del aire T K h kJ/kg Pr u kJ/kg vr s° kJ/kg · K T K h kJ/kg Pr u kJ/kg vr s° kJ/kg · K 200 210 220 230 240 199.97 209.97 219.97 230.02 240.02 0.3363 0.3987 0.4690 0.5477 0.6355 142.56 149.69 156.82 164.00 171.13 1707.0 1512.0 1346.0 1205.0 1084.0 1.29559 1.34444 1.39105 1.43557 1.47824 580 590 600 610 620 586.04 596.52 607.02 617.53 628.07 14.38 15.31 16.28 17.30 18.36 419.55 427.15 434.78 442.42 450.09 115.7 110.6 105.8 101.2 96.92 2.37348 2.39140 2.40902 2.42644 2.44356 250 260 270 280 285 250.05 260.09 270.11 280.13 285.14 0.7329 0.8405 0.9590 1.0889 1.1584 178.28 185.45 192.60 199.75 203.33 979.0 887.8 808.0 738.0 706.1 1.51917 1.55848 1.59634 1.63279 1.65055 630 640 650 660 670 638.63 649.22 659.84 670.47 681.14 19.84 20.64 21.86 23.13 24.46 457.78 465.50 473.25 481.01 488.81 92.84 88.99 85.34 81.89 78.61 2.46048 2.47716 2.49364 2.50985 2.52589 290 295 298 300 305 290.16 295.17 298.18 300.19 305.22 1.2311 1.3068 1.3543 1.3860 1.4686 206.91 210.49 212.64 214.07 217.67 676.1 647.9 631.9 621.2 596.0 1.66802 1.68515 1.69528 1.70203 1.71865 680 690 700 710 720 691.82 702.52 713.27 724.04 734.82 25.85 27.29 28.80 30.38 32.02 496.62 504.45 512.33 520.23 528.14 75.50 72.56 69.76 67.07 64.53 2.54175 2.55731 2.57277 2.58810 2.60319 310 315 320 325 330 310.24 315.27 320.29 325.31 330.34 1.5546 1.6442 1.7375 1.8345 1.9352 221.25 224.85 228.42 232.02 235.61 572.3 549.8 528.6 508.4 489.4 1.73498 1.75106 1.76690 1.78249 1.79783 730 740 750 760 780 745.62 756.44 767.29 778.18 800.03 33.72 35.50 37.35 39.27 43.35 536.07 544.02 551.99 560.01 576.12 62.13 59.82 57.63 55.54 51.64 2.61803 2.63280 2.64737 2.66176 2.69013 340 350 360 370 380 340.42 350.49 360.58 370.67 380.77 2.149 2.379 2.626 2.892 3.176 242.82 250.02 257.24 264.46 271.69 454.1 422.2 393.4 367.2 343.4 1.82790 1.85708 1.88543 1.91313 1.94001 800 820 840 860 880 821.95 843.98 866.08 888.27 910.56 47.75 52.59 57.60 63.09 68.98 592.30 608.59 624.95 641.40 657.95 48.08 44.84 41.85 39.12 36.61 2.71787 2.74504 2.77170 2.79783 2.82344 390 400 410 420 430 390.88 400.98 411.12 421.26 431.43 3.481 3.806 4.153 4.522 4.915 278.93 286.16 293.43 300.69 307.99 321.5 301.6 283.3 266.6 251.1 1.96633 1.99194 2.01699 2.04142 2.06533 900 920 940 960 980 932.93 955.38 977.92 1000.55 1023.25 75.29 82.05 89.28 97.00 105.2 674.58 691.28 708.08 725.02 741.98 34.31 32.18 30.22 28.40 26.73 2.84856 2.87324 2.89748 2.92128 2.94468 440 450 460 470 480 441.61 451.80 462.02 472.24 482.49 5.332 5.775 6.245 6.742 7.268 315.30 322.62 329.97 337.32 344.70 236.8 223.6 211.4 200.1 189.5 2.08870 2.11161 2.13407 2.15604 2.17760 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1046.04 1068.89 1091.85 1114.86 1137.89 114.0 123.4 133.3 143.9 155.2 758.94 776.10 793.36 810.62 827.88 25.17 23.72 23.29 21.14 19.98 2.96770 2.99034 3.01260 3.03449 3.05608 490 500 510 520 530 492.74 503.02 513.32 523.63 533.98 7.824 8.411 9.031 9.684 10.37 352.08 359.49 366.92 374.36 381.84 179.7 170.6 162.1 154.1 146.7 2.19876 2.21952 2.23993 2.25997 2.27967 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1161.07 1184.28 1207.57 1230.92 1254.34 167.1 179.7 193.1 207.2 222.2 845.33 862.79 880.35 897.91 915.57 18.896 17.886 16.946 16.064 15.241 3.07732 3.09825 3.11883 3.13916 3.15916 540 550 560 570 544.35 555.74 565.17 575.59 11.10 11.86 12.66 13.50 389.34 396.86 404.42 411.97 139.7 133.1 127.0 121.2 2.29906 2.31809 2.33685 2.35531 1200 1220 1240 1277.79 1301.31 1324.93 238.0 254.7 272.3 933.33 951.09 968.95 14.470 13.747 13.069 3.17888 3.19834 3.21751 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 934 7/12/11 14:26:04 935 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-17 Propiedades de gas ideal del aire (conclusión) T K h kJ/kg Pr u kJ/kg vr s° kJ/kg · K T K h kJ/kg 1260 1280 1348.55 1372.24 290.8 310.4 986.90 1004.76 12.435 3.23638 11.835 3.25510 1600 1757.57 1620 1782.00 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1395.97 1419.76 1443.60 1467.49 1491.44 330.9 352.5 375.3 399.1 424.2 1022.82 1040.88 1058.94 1077.10 1095.26 11.275 10.747 10.247 9.780 9.337 3.27345 3.29160 3.30959 3.32724 3.34474 1640 1660 1680 1700 1750 1806.46 878.9 1830.96 925.6 1855.50 974.2 1880.1 1025 1941.6 1161 1335.72 1354.48 1373.24 1392.7 1439.8 5.355 5.147 4.949 4.761 4.328 3.55381 3.56867 3.58335 3.5979 3.6336 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1515.42 1539.44 1563.51 1587.63 1611.79 450.5 478.0 506.9 537.1 568.8 1113.52 1131.77 1150.13 1168.49 1186.95 8.919 8.526 8.153 7.801 7.468 3.36200 3.37901 3.39586 3.41247 3.42892 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2003.3 2065.3 2127.4 2189.7 2252.1 1310 1475 1655 1852 2068 1487.2 1534.9 1582.6 1630.6 1678.7 3.994 3.601 3.295 3.022 2.776 3.6684 3.7023 3.7354 3.7677 3.7994 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1635.97 1660.23 1684.51 1708.82 1733.17 601.9 636.5 672.8 710.5 750.0 1205.41 1223.87 1242.43 1260.99 1279.65 7.152 6.854 6.569 6.301 6.046 3.44516 3.46120 3.47712 3.49276 3.50829 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2314.6 2377.7 2440.3 2503.2 2566.4 2303 2559 2837 3138 3464 1726.8 1775.3 1823.8 1872.4 1921.3 2.555 2.356 2.175 2.012 1.864 3.8303 3.8605 3.8901 3.9191 3.9474 Pr u kJ/kg vr 791.2 1298.30 5.804 834.1 1316.96 5.574 s° kJ/kg · K 3.52364 3.53879 Nota: Las propiedades Pr (presión relativa) y vr (volumen específico relativo) son cantidades adimensionales utilizadas en el análisis de procesos isentrópicos y no deben confundirse con las propiedades de presión y volumen específico. Fuente: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, cuarta edición, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 785-786, Tabla A-5. Publicada originalmente en J. H. Keenan y J. Kaye, Gas Tables, Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1948. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 935 7/12/11 14:26:04 936 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-18 Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K 0 220 230 240 250 0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266 0 4,562 4,770 4,979 5,188 0 182.639 183.938 185.180 186.370 600 610 620 630 640 17,563 17,864 18,166 18,468 18,772 12,574 12,792 13,011 13,230 13,450 212.066 212.564 213.055 213.541 214.018 260 270 280 290 298 7,558 7,849 8,141 8,432 8,669 5,396 5,604 5,813 6,021 6,190 187.514 188.614 189.673 190.695 191.502 650 660 670 680 690 19,075 19,380 19,685 19,991 20,297 13,671 13,892 14,114 14,337 14,560 214.489 214.954 215.413 215.866 216.314 300 310 320 330 340 8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,888 6,229 6,437 6,645 6,853 7,061 191.682 192.638 193.562 194.459 195.328 700 710 720 730 740 20,604 20,912 21,220 21,529 21,839 14,784 15,008 15,234 15,460 15,686 216.756 217.192 217.624 218.059 218.472 350 360 370 380 390 10,180 10,471 10,763 11,055 11,347 7,270 7,478 7,687 7,895 8,104 196.173 196.995 197.794 198.572 199.331 750 760 770 780 790 22,149 22,460 22,772 23,085 23,398 15,913 16,141 16,370 16,599 16,830 218.889 219.301 219.709 220.113 220.512 400 410 420 430 440 11,640 11,932 12,225 12,518 12,811 8,314 8,523 8,733 8,943 9,153 200.071 200.794 201.499 202.189 202.863 800 810 820 830 840 23,714 24,027 24,342 24,658 24,974 17,061 17,292 17,524 17,757 17,990 220.907 221.298 221.684 222.067 222.447 450 460 470 480 490 13,105 13,399 13,693 13,988 14,285 9,363 9,574 9,786 9,997 10,210 203.523 204.170 204.803 205.424 206.033 850 860 870 880 890 25,292 25,610 25,928 26,248 26,568 18,224 18,459 18,695 18,931 19,168 222.822 223.194 223.562 223.927 224.288 500 510 520 530 540 14,581 14,876 15,172 15,469 15,766 10,423 10,635 10,848 11,062 11,277 206.630 207.216 207.792 208.358 208.914 900 910 920 930 940 26,890 27,210 27,532 27,854 28,178 19,407 19,644 19,883 20,122 20,362 224.647 225.002 225.353 225.701 226.047 550 560 570 580 590 16,064 16,363 16,662 16,962 17,262 11,492 11,707 11,923 12,139 12,356 209.461 209.999 210.528 211.049 211.562 950 960 970 980 990 28,501 28,826 29,151 29,476 29,803 20,603 20,844 21,086 21,328 21,571 226.389 226.728 227.064 227.398 227.728 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 936 7/12/11 14:26:04 937 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-18 Propiedades de gas ideal del nitrógeno, N2 (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 30,129 30,784 31,442 32,101 32,762 21,815 22,304 22,795 23,288 23,782 228.057 228.706 229.344 229.973 230.591 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 56,227 56,938 57,651 58,363 59,075 41,594 42,139 42,685 43,231 43,777 247.396 247.798 248.195 248.589 248.979 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 33,426 34,092 34,760 35,430 36,104 24,280 24,780 25,282 25,786 26,291 231.199 231.799 232.391 232.973 233.549 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 59,790 60,504 61,220 61,936 62,654 44,324 44,873 45,423 45,973 46,524 249.365 249.748 250.128 250.502 250.874 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 36,777 37,452 38,129 38,807 39,488 26,799 27,308 27,819 28,331 28,845 234.115 234.673 235.223 235.766 236.302 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 63,381 64,090 64,810 66,612 68,417 47,075 47,627 48,181 49,567 50,957 251.242 251.607 251.969 252.858 253.726 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 40,170 40,853 41,539 42,227 42,915 29,361 29,378 30,398 30,919 31,441 236.831 237.353 237.867 238.376 238.878 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 70,226 72,040 73,856 75,676 77,496 52,351 53,749 55,149 56,553 57,958 254.578 255.412 256.227 257.027 257.810 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 43,605 44,295 44,988 45,682 46,377 31,964 32,489 33,014 33,543 34,071 239.375 239.865 240.350 240.827 241.301 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 79,320 81,149 82,981 84,814 86,650 59,366 60,779 62,195 63,613 65,033 258.580 259.332 260.073 260.799 261.512 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 47,073 47,771 48,470 49,168 49,869 34,601 35,133 35,665 36,197 36,732 241.768 242.228 242.685 243.137 243.585 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 88,488 90,328 92,171 94,014 95,859 66,455 67,880 69,306 70,734 72,163 262.213 262.902 263.577 264.241 264.895 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 50,571 51,275 51,980 52,686 53,393 37,268 37,806 38,344 38,884 39,424 244.028 244.464 244.896 245.324 245.747 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 97,705 99,556 101,407 103,260 105,115 73,593 75,028 76,464 77,902 79,341 265.538 266.170 266.793 267.404 268.007 1700 1720 1740 54,099 54,807 55,516 39,965 40,507 41,049 246.166 246.580 246.990 3150 3200 3250 106,972 108,830 110,690 80,782 82,224 83,668 268.601 269.186 269.763 Fuente: Las tablas A-18 a A-25 fueron adaptadas de Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4a. ed., Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 787-798. Publicadas originalmente en JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 937 7/12/11 14:26:04 938 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-19 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K 0 220 230 240 250 0 6,404 6,694 6,984 7,275 0 4,575 4,782 4,989 5,197 0 196.171 197.461 198.696 199.885 600 610 620 630 640 17,929 18,250 18,572 18,895 19,219 12,940 13,178 13,417 13,657 13,898 226.346 226.877 227.400 227.918 228.429 260 270 280 290 298 7,566 7,858 8,150 8,443 8,682 5,405 5,613 5,822 6,032 6,203 201.027 202.128 203.191 204.218 205.033 650 660 670 680 690 19,544 19,870 20,197 20,524 20,854 14,140 14,383 14,626 14,871 15,116 228.932 229.430 229.920 230.405 230.885 300 310 320 330 340 8,736 9,030 9,325 9,620 9,916 6,242 6,453 6,664 6,877 7,090 205.213 206.177 207.112 208.020 208.904 700 710 720 730 740 21,184 21,514 21,845 22,177 22,510 15,364 15,611 15,859 16,107 16,357 231.358 231.827 232.291 232.748 233.201 350 360 370 380 390 10,213 10,511 10,809 11,109 11,409 7,303 7,518 7,733 7,949 8,166 209.765 210.604 211.423 212.222 213.002 750 760 770 780 790 22,844 23,178 23,513 23,850 24,186 16,607 16,859 17,111 17,364 17,618 233.649 234.091 234.528 234.960 235.387 400 410 420 430 440 11,711 12,012 12,314 12,618 12,923 8,384 8,603 8,822 9,043 9,264 213.765 214.510 215.241 215.955 216.656 800 810 820 830 840 24,523 24,861 25,199 25,537 25,877 17,872 18,126 18,382 18,637 18,893 235.810 236.230 236.644 237.055 237.462 450 460 470 480 490 13,228 13,525 13,842 14,151 14,460 9,487 9,710 9,935 10,160 10,386 217.342 218.016 218.676 219.326 219.963 850 860 870 880 890 26,218 26,559 26,899 27,242 27,584 19,150 19,408 19,666 19,925 20,185 237.864 238.264 238.660 239.051 239.439 500 510 520 530 540 14,770 15,082 15,395 15,708 16,022 10,614 10,842 11,071 11,301 11,533 220.589 221.206 221.812 222.409 222.997 900 910 920 930 940 27,928 28,272 28,616 28,960 29,306 20,445 20,706 20,967 21,228 21,491 239.823 240.203 240.580 240.953 241.323 550 560 570 580 590 16,338 16,654 16,971 17,290 17,609 11,765 11,998 12,232 12,467 12,703 223.576 224.146 224.708 225.262 225.808 950 960 970 980 990 29,652 29,999 30,345 30,692 31,041 21,754 22,017 22,280 22,544 22,809 241.689 242.052 242.411 242.768 242.120 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 938 7/12/11 14:26:05 939 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-19 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno, O2 (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 31,389 32,088 32,789 33,490 34,194 23,075 23,607 24,142 24,677 25,214 243.471 244.164 244.844 245.513 246.171 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 58,880 59,624 60,371 61,118 61,866 44,247 44,825 45,405 45,986 46,568 263.861 264.283 264.701 265.113 265.521 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 34,899 35,606 36,314 37,023 37,734 25,753 26,294 26,836 27,379 27,923 246.818 247.454 248.081 248.698 249.307 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 62,616 63,365 64,116 64,868 65,620 47,151 47,734 48,319 48,904 49,490 265.925 266.326 266.722 267.115 267.505 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 38,447 39,162 39,877 40,594 41,312 28,469 29,018 29,568 30,118 30,670 249.906 250.497 251.079 251.653 252.219 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 66,374 67,127 67,881 69,772 71,668 50,078 50,665 51,253 52,727 54,208 267.891 268.275 268.655 269.588 270.504 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 42,033 42,753 43,475 44,198 44,923 31,224 31,778 32,334 32,891 33,449 252.776 253.325 253.868 254.404 254.932 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 73,573 75,484 77,397 79,316 81,243 55,697 57,192 58,690 60,193 61,704 271.399 272.278 273.136 273.891 274.809 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 45,648 46,374 47,102 47,831 48,561 34,008 34,567 35,129 35,692 36,256 255.454 255.968 256.475 256.978 257.474 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 83,174 85,112 87,057 89,004 90,956 63,219 64,742 66,271 67,802 69,339 275.625 276.424 277.207 277.979 278.738 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 49,292 50,024 50,756 51,490 52,224 36,821 37,387 37,952 38,520 39,088 257.965 258.450 258.928 259.402 259.870 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 92,916 94,881 96,852 98,826 100,808 70,883 72,433 73,987 75,546 77,112 279.485 280.219 280.942 281.654 282.357 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 52,961 53,696 54,434 55,172 55,912 39,658 40,227 40,799 41,370 41,944 260.333 260.791 261.242 261.690 262.132 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 102,793 104,785 106,780 108,778 110,784 78,682 80,258 81,837 83,419 85,009 283.048 283.728 284.399 285.060 285.713 1700 1720 1740 56,652 57,394 58,136 42,517 43,093 43,669 262.571 263.005 263.435 3150 3200 3250 112,795 114,809 116,827 86,601 88,203 89,804 286.355 286.989 287.614 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 939 7/12/11 14:26:05 940 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-20 Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2 _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K 0 220 230 240 250 0 6,601 6,938 7,280 7,627 0 4,772 5,026 5,285 5,548 0 202.966 204.464 205.920 207.337 600 610 620 630 640 22,280 22,754 23,231 23,709 24,190 17,291 17,683 18,076 18,471 18,869 243.199 243.983 244.758 245.524 246.282 260 270 280 290 298 7,979 8,335 8,697 9,063 9,364 5,817 6,091 6,369 6,651 6,885 208.717 210.062 211.376 212.660 213.685 650 660 670 680 690 24,674 25,160 25,648 26,138 26,631 19,270 19,672 20,078 20,484 20,894 247.032 247.773 248.507 249.233 249.952 300 310 320 330 340 9,431 9,807 10,186 10,570 10,959 6,939 7,230 7,526 7,826 8,131 213.915 215.146 216.351 217.534 218.694 700 710 720 730 740 27,125 27,622 28,121 28,622 29,124 21,305 21,719 22,134 22,522 22,972 250.663 251.368 252.065 252.755 253.439 350 360 370 380 390 11,351 11,748 12,148 12,552 12,960 8,439 8,752 9,068 9,392 9,718 219.831 220.948 222.044 223.122 224.182 750 760 770 780 790 29,629 20,135 30,644 31,154 31,665 23,393 23,817 24,242 24,669 25,097 254.117 254.787 255.452 256.110 256.762 400 410 420 430 440 13,372 13,787 14,206 14,628 15,054 10,046 10,378 10,714 11,053 11,393 225.225 226.250 227.258 228.252 229.230 800 810 820 830 840 32,179 32,694 33,212 33,730 34,251 25,527 25,959 26,394 26,829 27,267 257.408 258.048 258.682 259.311 259.934 450 460 470 480 490 15,483 15,916 16,351 16,791 17,232 11,742 12,091 12,444 12,800 13,158 230.194 231.144 232.080 233.004 233.916 850 860 870 880 890 34,773 35,296 35,821 36,347 36,876 27,706 28,125 28,588 29,031 29,476 260.551 261.164 261.770 262.371 262.968 500 510 520 530 540 17,678 18,126 18,576 19,029 19,485 13,521 13,885 14,253 14,622 14,996 234.814 235.700 236.575 237.439 238.292 900 910 920 930 940 37,405 37,935 38,467 39,000 39,535 29,922 30,369 30,818 31,268 31,719 263.559 264.146 264.728 265.304 265.877 550 560 570 580 590 19,945 20,407 20,870 21,337 21,807 15,372 15,751 16,131 16,515 16,902 239.135 239.962 240.789 241.602 242.405 950 960 970 980 990 40,070 40,607 41,145 41,685 42,226 32,171 32,625 33,081 33,537 33,995 266.444 267.007 267.566 268.119 268.670 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 940 7/12/11 14:26:05 941 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-20 Propiedades de gas ideal del dióxido de carbono, CO2 (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° T K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 42,769 43,859 44,953 46,051 47,153 34,455 35,378 36,306 37,238 38,174 269.215 270.293 271.354 272.400 273.430 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 86,420 87,612 88,806 90,000 91,196 71,787 72,812 73,840 74,868 75,897 301.543 302.217 302.884 303.544 304.198 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 48,258 49,369 50,484 51,602 52,724 39,112 40,057 41,006 41,957 42,913 274.445 275.444 276.430 277.403 278.361 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 92,394 93,593 94,793 95,995 97,197 76,929 77,962 78,996 80,031 81,067 304.845 305.487 306.122 306.751 307.374 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 53,848 54,977 56,108 57,244 58,381 43,871 44,834 45,799 46,768 47,739 297.307 280.238 281.158 282.066 282.962 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 98,401 99,606 100,804 103,835 106,864 82,105 83,144 84,185 86,791 89,404 307.992 308.604 309.210 310.701 312.160 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 59,522 60,666 61,813 62,963 64,116 48,713 49,691 50,672 51,656 52,643 283.847 284.722 285.586 286.439 287.283 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 109,898 112,939 115,984 119,035 122,091 92,023 94,648 97,277 99,912 102,552 313.589 314.988 316.356 317.695 319.011 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 65,271 66,427 67,586 68,748 66,911 53,631 54,621 55,614 56,609 57,606 288.106 288.934 289.743 290.542 291.333 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 125,152 128,219 131,290 134,368 137,449 105,197 107,849 110,504 113,166 115,832 320.302 321.566 322.808 324.026 325.222 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 71,078 72,246 73,417 74,590 76,767 58,606 59,609 60,613 61,620 62,630 292.114 292.888 292.654 294.411 295.161 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 140,533 143,620 146,713 149,808 152,908 118,500 121,172 123,849 126,528 129,212 326.396 327.549 328.684 329.800 330.896 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 76,944 78,123 79,303 80,486 81,670 63,741 64,653 65,668 66,592 67,702 295.901 296.632 297.356 298.072 298.781 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 156,009 159,117 162,226 165,341 168,456 131,898 134,589 137,283 139,982 142,681 331.975 333.037 334.084 335.114 336.126 1700 1720 1740 82,856 84,043 85,231 68,721 69,742 70,764 299.482 300.177 300.863 3150 3200 3250 171,576 174,695 177,822 145,385 148,089 150,801 337.124 338.109 339.069 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 941 7/12/11 14:26:05 942 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-21 Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K 0 220 230 240 250 0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266 0 4,562 4,771 4,979 5,188 0 188.683 189.980 191.221 192.411 600 610 620 630 640 17,611 17,915 18,221 18,527 18,833 12,622 12,843 13,066 13,289 13,512 218.204 218.708 219.205 219.695 220.179 260 270 280 290 298 7,558 7,849 8,140 8,432 8,669 5,396 5,604 5,812 6,020 6,190 193.554 194.654 195.713 196.735 197.543 650 660 670 680 690 19,141 19,449 19,758 20,068 20,378 13,736 13,962 14,187 14,414 14,641 220.656 221.127 221.592 222.052 222.505 300 310 320 330 340 8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,889 6,229 6,437 6,645 6,854 7,062 197.723 198.678 199.603 200.500 201.371 700 710 720 730 740 20,690 21,002 21,315 21,628 21,943 14,870 15,099 15,328 15,558 15,789 222.953 223.396 223.833 224.265 224.692 350 360 370 380 390 10,181 10,473 10,765 11,058 11,351 7,271 7,480 7,689 7,899 8,108 202.217 203.040 203.842 204.622 205.383 750 760 770 780 790 22,258 22,573 22,890 23,208 23,526 16,022 16,255 16,488 16,723 16,957 225.115 225.533 225.947 226.357 226.762 400 410 420 430 440 11,644 11,938 12,232 12,526 12,821 8,319 8,529 8,740 8,951 9,163 206.125 206.850 207.549 208.252 208.929 800 810 820 830 840 23,844 24,164 24,483 24,803 25,124 17,193 17,429 17,665 17,902 18,140 227.162 227.559 227.952 228.339 228.724 450 460 470 480 490 13,116 13,412 13,708 14,005 14,302 9,375 9,587 9,800 10,014 10,228 209.593 210.243 210.880 211.504 212.117 850 860 870 880 890 25,446 25,768 26,091 26,415 26,740 18,379 18,617 18,858 19,099 19,341 229.106 229.482 229.856 230.227 230.593 500 510 520 530 540 14,600 14,898 15,197 15,497 15,797 10,443 10,658 10,874 11,090 11,307 212.719 213.310 213.890 214.460 215.020 900 910 920 930 940 27,066 27,392 27,719 28,046 28,375 19,583 19,826 20,070 20,314 20,559 230.957 231.317 231.674 232.028 232.379 550 560 570 580 590 16,097 16,399 16,701 17,003 17,307 11,524 11,743 11,961 12,181 12,401 215.572 216.115 216.649 217.175 217.693 950 960 970 980 990 28,703 29,033 29,362 29,693 30,024 20,805 21,051 21,298 21,545 21,793 232.727 233.072 233.413 233.752 234.088 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 942 7/12/11 14:26:05 943 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-21 Propiedades de gas ideal del monóxido de carbono, CO (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° T K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 30,355 31,020 31,688 32,357 33,029 22,041 22,540 23,041 23,544 24,049 234.421 235.079 235.728 236.364 236.992 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 56,756 57,473 58,191 58,910 59,629 42,123 42,673 43,225 43,778 44,331 253.991 254.398 254.797 255.194 255.587 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 33,702 34,377 35,054 35,733 36,406 24,557 25,065 25,575 26,088 26,602 237.609 238.217 238.817 239.407 239.989 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 60,351 61,072 61,794 62,516 63,238 44,886 45,441 45,997 46,552 47,108 255.976 256.361 256.743 257.122 257.497 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 37,095 37,780 38,466 39,154 39,844 27,118 27,637 28,426 28,678 29,201 240.663 241.128 241.686 242.236 242.780 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 63,961 64,684 65,408 67,224 69,044 47,665 48,221 48,780 50,179 51,584 257.868 258.236 258.600 259.494 260.370 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 40,534 41,226 41,919 42,613 43,309 29,725 30,251 30,778 31,306 31,836 243.316 243.844 244.366 244.880 245.388 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 70,864 72,688 74,516 76,345 78,178 52,988 54,396 55,809 57,222 58,640 261.226 262.065 262.887 263.692 264.480 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 44,007 44,707 45,408 46,110 46,813 32,367 32,900 33,434 33,971 34,508 245.889 246.385 246.876 247.360 247.839 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 80,015 81,852 83,692 85,537 87,383 60,060 61,482 62,906 64,335 65,766 265.253 266.012 266.755 267.485 268.202 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 47,517 48,222 48,928 49,635 50,344 35,046 35,584 36,124 36,665 37,207 248.312 248.778 249.240 249.695 250.147 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 89,230 91,077 92,930 94,784 96,639 67,197 68,628 70,066 71,504 72,945 268.905 269.596 270.285 270.943 271.602 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 51,053 51,763 52,472 53,184 53,895 37,750 38,293 38,837 39,382 39,927 250.592 251.033 251.470 251.901 252.329 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 98,495 100,352 102,210 104,073 105,939 74,383 75,825 77,267 78,715 80,164 272.249 272.884 273.508 274.123 274.730 1700 1720 1740 54,609 55,323 56,039 40,474 41,023 41,572 252.751 253.169 253.582 3150 3200 3250 107,802 109,667 111,534 81,612 83,061 84,513 275.326 275.914 276.494 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 943 7/12/11 14:26:05 944 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-22 Propiedades de gas ideal del hidrógeno, H2 _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K 0 260 270 280 290 0 7,370 7,657 7,945 8,233 0 5,209 5,412 5,617 5,822 0 126.636 127.719 128.765 129.775 1440 1480 1520 1560 1600 42,808 44,091 45,384 46,683 47,990 30,835 31,786 32,746 33,713 34,687 177.410 178.291 179.153 179.995 180.820 298 300 320 340 360 8,468 8,522 9,100 9,680 10,262 5,989 6,027 6,440 6,853 7,268 130.574 130.754 132.621 134.378 136.039 1640 1680 1720 1760 1800 49,303 50,622 51,947 53,279 54,618 35,668 36,654 37,646 38,645 39,652 181.632 182.428 183.208 183.973 184.724 380 400 420 440 460 10,843 11,426 12,010 12,594 13,179 7,684 8,100 8,518 8,936 9,355 137.612 139.106 140.529 141.888 143.187 1840 1880 1920 1960 2000 55,962 57,311 58,668 60,031 61,400 40,663 41,680 42,705 43,735 44,771 185.463 186.190 186.904 187.607 188.297 480 500 520 560 600 13,764 14,350 14,935 16,107 17,280 9,773 10,193 10,611 11,451 12,291 144.432 145.628 146.775 148.945 150.968 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 63,119 64,847 66,584 68,328 70,080 46,074 47,386 48,708 50,037 51,373 189.148 189.979 190.796 191.598 192.385 640 680 720 760 800 18,453 19,630 20,807 21,988 23,171 13,133 13,976 14,821 15,669 16,520 152.863 154.645 156.328 157.923 159.440 2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 71,839 73,608 75,383 77,168 78,960 52,716 54,069 55,429 56,798 58,175 193.159 193.921 194.669 195.403 196.125 840 880 920 960 1000 24,359 25,551 26,747 27,948 29,154 17,375 18,235 19,098 19,966 20,839 160.891 162.277 163.607 164.884 166.114 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 80,755 82,558 84,368 86,186 88,008 59,554 60,941 62,335 63,737 65,144 196.837 197.539 198.229 198.907 199.575 1040 1080 1120 1160 1200 30,364 31,580 32,802 34,028 35,262 21,717 22,601 23,490 24,384 25,284 167.300 168.449 169.560 170.636 171.682 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 89,838 91,671 93,512 95,358 97,211 66,558 67,976 69,401 70,831 72,268 200.234 200.885 201.527 202.157 202.778 1240 1280 1320 1360 1400 36,502 37,749 39,002 40,263 41,530 26,192 27,106 28,027 28,955 29,889 172.698 173.687 174.652 175.593 176.510 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250 99,065 100,926 102,793 104,667 106,545 73,707 75,152 76,604 78,061 79,523 203.391 203.995 204.592 205.181 205.765 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 944 7/12/11 14:26:06 945 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-23 Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K 0 220 230 240 250 0 7,295 7,628 7,961 8,294 0 5,466 5,715 5,965 6,215 0 178.576 180.054 181.471 182.831 600 610 620 630 640 20,402 20,765 21,130 21,495 21,862 15,413 15,693 15,975 16,257 16,541 212.920 213.529 214.122 214.707 215.285 260 270 280 290 298 8,627 8,961 9,296 9,631 9,904 6,466 6,716 6,968 7,219 7,425 184.139 185.399 186.616 187.791 188.720 650 660 670 680 690 22,230 22,600 22,970 23,342 23,714 16,826 17,112 17,399 17,688 17,978 215.856 216.419 216.976 217.527 218.071 300 310 320 330 340 9,966 10,302 10,639 10,976 11,314 7,472 7,725 7,978 8,232 8,487 188.928 190.030 191.098 192.136 193.144 700 710 720 730 740 24,088 24,464 24,840 25,218 25,597 18,268 18,561 18,854 19,148 19,444 218.610 219.142 219.668 220.189 220.707 350 360 370 380 390 11,652 11,992 12,331 12,672 13,014 8,742 8,998 9,255 9,513 9,771 194.125 195.081 196.012 196.920 197.807 750 760 770 780 790 25,977 26,358 26,741 27,125 27,510 19,741 20,039 20,339 20,639 20,941 221.215 221.720 222.221 222.717 223.207 400 410 420 430 440 13,356 13,699 14,043 14,388 14,734 10,030 10,290 10,551 10,813 11,075 198.673 199.521 200.350 201.160 201.955 800 810 820 830 840 27,896 28,284 28,672 29,062 29,454 21,245 21,549 21,855 22,162 22,470 223.693 224.174 224.651 225.123 225.592 450 460 470 480 490 15,080 15,428 15,777 16,126 16,477 11,339 11,603 11,869 12,135 12,403 202.734 203.497 204.247 204.982 205.705 850 860 870 880 890 29,846 30,240 30,635 31,032 31,429 22,779 23,090 23,402 23,715 24,029 226.057 226.517 226.973 227.426 227.875 500 510 520 530 540 16,828 17,181 17,534 17,889 18,245 12,671 12,940 13,211 13,482 13,755 206.413 207.112 207.799 208.475 209.139 900 910 920 930 940 31,828 32,228 32,629 33,032 33,436 24,345 24,662 24,980 25,300 25,621 228.321 228.763 229.202 229.637 230.070 550 560 570 580 590 18,601 18,959 19,318 19,678 20,039 14,028 14,303 14,579 14,856 15,134 209.795 210.440 211.075 211.702 212.320 950 960 970 980 990 33,841 34,247 34,653 35,061 35,472 25,943 26,265 26,588 26,913 27,240 230.499 230.924 231.347 231.767 232.184 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 945 7/12/11 14:26:06 946 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-23 Propiedades de gas ideal del vapor de agua, H2O (conclusión) _ _ _ T h u s° T K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 35,882 36,709 37,542 38,380 39,223 27,568 28,228 28,895 29,567 30,243 232.597 233.415 234.223 235.020 235.806 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 70,535 71,523 72,513 73,507 74,506 55,902 56,723 57,547 58,375 59,207 258.151 258.708 259.262 259.811 260.357 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 40,071 40,923 41,780 42,642 43,509 30,925 31,611 32,301 32,997 33,698 236.584 237.352 238.110 238.859 239.600 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 75,506 76,511 77,517 78,527 79,540 60,042 60,880 61,720 62,564 63,411 260.898 261.436 261.969 262.497 263.022 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 44,380 45,256 46,137 47,022 47,912 34,403 35,112 35,827 36,546 37,270 240.333 241.057 241.773 242.482 243.183 1960 1980 2000 2050 2100 80,555 81,573 82,593 85,156 87,735 64,259 65,111 65,965 68,111 70,275 263.542 264.059 264.571 265.838 267.081 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 48,807 49,707 50,612 51,521 52,434 38,000 38,732 39,470 40,213 40,960 243.877 244.564 245.243 245.915 246.582 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 90,330 92,940 95,562 98,199 100,846 72,454 74,649 76,855 79,076 81,308 268.301 269.500 270.679 271.839 272.978 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 53,351 54,273 55,198 56,128 57,062 41,711 42,466 43,226 43,989 44,756 247.241 247.895 248.543 249.185 249.820 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 103,508 106,183 108,868 111,565 114,273 83,553 85,811 88,082 90,364 92,656 274.098 275.201 276.286 277.354 278.407 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 57,999 58,942 59,888 60,838 61,792 45,528 46,304 47,084 47,868 48,655 250.450 251.074 251.693 252.305 252.912 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 116,991 119,717 122,453 125,198 127,952 94,958 97,269 99,588 101,917 104,256 279.441 280.462 281.464 282.453 283.429 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 62,748 63,709 64,675 65,643 66,614 49,445 50,240 51,039 51,841 52,646 253.513 254.111 254.703 255.290 255.873 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 130,717 133,486 136,264 139,051 141,846 106,605 108,959 111,321 113,692 116,072 284.390 285.338 286.273 287.194 288.102 1700 1720 1740 67,589 68,567 69,550 53,455 54,267 55,083 256.450 257.022 257.589 3150 3200 3250 144,648 147,457 150,272 118,458 120,851 123,250 288.999 289.884 290.756 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 946 7/12/11 14:26:06 947 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-24 Propiedades de gas ideal del oxígeno monoatómico, O _ _ _ T h u s° K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K 0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 0 160.944 161.079 172.088 186.678 195.143 196.488 197.751 198.941 200.067 201.135 201.649 202.151 202.641 203.119 203.588 204.045 204.493 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 50,894 51,936 52,979 54,021 55,064 56,108 57,152 58,196 59,241 60,286 61,332 62,378 63,425 65,520 67,619 69,720 71,824 73,932 30,940 31,566 32,193 32,820 33,447 34,075 34,703 35,332 35,961 36,590 37,220 37,851 38,482 39,746 41,013 42,283 43,556 44,832 204.932 205.362 205.783 206.196 206.601 206.999 207.389 207.772 208.148 208.518 208.882 209.240 209.592 210.279 210.945 211.592 212.220 212.831 Propiedades de gas ideal del hidroxilo, OH _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K T K _ h kJ/kmol _ u kJ/kmol _ s° kJ/kmol · K 0 298 300 500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 0 183.594 183.779 198.955 219.624 232.506 234.642 236.672 238.606 240.453 242.221 243.077 243.917 244.740 245.547 246.338 247.116 247.879 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 77,015 78,801 80,592 82,388 84,189 85,995 87,806 89,622 91,442 93,266 95,095 96,927 98,763 102,447 106,145 109,855 113,578 117,312 57,061 58,431 59,806 61,186 62,572 63,962 65,358 66,757 68,162 69,570 70,983 72,400 73,820 76,673 79,539 82,418 85,309 88,212 248.628 249.364 250.088 250.799 251.499 252.187 252.864 253.530 254.186 254.832 255.468 256.094 256.712 257.919 259.093 260.235 261.347 262.429 0 6,852 6,892 11,197 21,713 32,150 34,234 36,317 38,400 40,482 42,564 43,605 44,646 45,687 46,728 47,769 48,811 49,852 0 4,373 4,398 7,040 13,398 19,679 20,931 22,183 23,434 24,685 25,935 26,560 27,186 27,811 28,436 29,062 29,688 30,314 TABLA A-25 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 947 0 9,188 9,244 15,181 30,123 46,046 49,358 52,706 56,089 59,505 62,952 64,687 66,428 68,177 69,932 71,694 73,462 75,236 0 6,709 6,749 11,024 21,809 33,575 36,055 38,571 41,123 43,708 46,323 47,642 48,968 50,301 51,641 52,987 54,339 55,697 7/12/11 14:26:07 948 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-26 Entalpía de formación, función de Gibbs de formación y entropía absoluta a 25°C, 1 atm _ _ _ gf° s° hf° Sustancia Fórmula kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol · K Acetileno C2H2(g) Agua H2O(ᐉ) Alcohol etílico C2H5OH(g) Alcohol etílico C2H5OH(ᐉ) Alcohol metílico CH3OH(g) Alcohol metílico CH3OH(ᐉ) Amoniaco NH3(g) Benceno C6H6(g) n-butano C4H10(g) Carbón C(s) Dióxido de carbono CO2(g) n-dodecano C12H26(g) Etano C2H6(g) Etileno C2H4(g) Hidrógeno H2(g) Hidrógeno H(g) Hidroxilo OH(g) Metano CH4(g) Monóxido de carbono CO(g) Nitrógeno N2(g) Nitrógeno N(g) n-octano C8H18(g) n-octano C8H18(ᐉ) Oxígeno O2(g) Oxígeno O(g) Peróxido de hidrógeno H2O2(g) Propano C3H8(g) Propileno C3H6(g) Vapor de agua H2O(g) +226,730 285,830 235,310 277,690 200,670 238,660 46,190 +82,930 126,150 0 393,520 291,010 84,680 +52,280 0 +218,000 +39,460 74,850 110,530 0 +472,650 208,450 249,950 0 +249,190 136,310 103,850 +20,410 241,820 +209,170 237,180 168,570 174,890 162,000 166,360 16,590 +129,660 15,710 0 394,360 +50,150 32,890 +68,120 0 +203,290 +34,280 50,790 137,150 0 +455,510 +16,530 +6,610 0 +231,770 105,600 23,490 +62,720 228,590 200.85 69.92 282.59 160.70 239.70 126.80 192.33 269.20 310.12 5.74 213.80 622.83 229.49 219.83 130.68 114.72 183.70 186.16 197.65 191.61 153.30 466.73 360.79 205.04 161.06 232.63 269.91 266.94 188.83 Fuente: De JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, Midland, MI, Dow Chemical Co., 1971, Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; y API Research Project 44, Carnegie Press, 1953. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 948 7/12/11 14:26:07 949 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-27 Propiedades de algunos combustibles e hidrocarburos comunes Combustible (fase) Fórmula Acetileno (g) C2H2 Benceno (ᐉ) C6H6 Butano (ᐉ) C4H10 Carbono (s) C Decano (ᐉ) C10H22 Diesel ligero (ᐉ) CnH1.8n Diesel pesado (ᐉ) CnH1.7n Etano (g) C2H6 Etanol (ᐉ) C2H6O Gas natural (g) CnH3.8nN0.1n Gasolina (ᐉ) CnH1.87n Heptano (ᐉ) C7H16 Hexano (ᐉ) C6H12 Hexeno (ᐉ) C6H14 Hidrógeno (g) H2 Isopentano (ᐉ) C5H12 Metano (g) CH4 Metanol (ᐉ) CH4O Monóx. de carbono (g) CO Octano (ᐉ) C8H18 1-Penteno (ᐉ) C5H10 Propano (ᐉ) C3H8 Tolueno (ᐉ) C7H8 Masa molar, kg/kmol 26.038 78.114 58.123 12.011 142.285 170 200 30.070 46.069 18 100–110 100.204 84.161 86.177 2.016 72.150 16.043 32.042 28.013 114.231 70.134 44.097 92.141 Densidad,1 kg/L — 0.877 0.579 2 0.730 0.78–0.84 0.82–0.88 — 0.790 — 0.72–0.78 0.684 0.673 0.660 — 0.626 — 0.790 — 0.703 0.641 0.500 0.867 Entalpía de vaporización,2 kJ/kg Calor específico,1 cp kJ/kg · K Poder calorífico superior,3 kJ/kg Poder calorífico inferior,3 kJ/kg — 433 362 — 361 270 230 172 919 — 350 365 392 366 — — 509 1168 — 363 363 335 412 1.69 1.72 2.42 0.708 2.21 2.2 1.9 1.75 2.44 2 2.4 2.24 1.84 2.27 14.4 2.32 2.20 2.53 1.05 2.23 2.20 2.77 1.71 49,970 41,800 49,150 32,800 47,640 46,100 45,500 51,900 29,670 50,000 47,300 48,100 47,500 48,310 141,800 48,570 55,530 22,660 10,100 47,890 47,760 50,330 42,400 48,280 40,100 45,370 32,800 44,240 43,200 42,800 47,520 26,810 45,000 44,000 44,600 44,400 44,740 120,000 44,910 50,050 19,920 10,100 44,430 44,630 46,340 40,500 1A 1 atm y 20°C. 2A 25°C para combustibles líquidos, y 1 atm y temperatura normal de ebullición para combustibles gaseosos. 3A 25°C. Multiplique por la masa molar para obtener los valores caloríficos en kJ/kmol. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 949 7/12/11 14:26:07 950 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-28 Logaritmos naturales de la constante de equilibrio Kp La constante de equilibrio Kp para la reacción nA A + nB B Δ nC C + nD D se define como Kp ≡ PCnC PDnD PAnA PBnB Temp., H2 Δ 2H O2 Δ 2O N2 Δ 2N H2O Δ H2 + 1/2O2 H2O Δ 1/2H2 + OH CO2 Δ CO + 1/2O2 1/ N + 1/ O Δ NO 2 2 2 2 298 164.005 500 92.827 1000 39.803 1200 30.874 1400 24.463 1600 19.637 1800 15.866 2000 12.840 2200 10.353 2400 8.276 2600 6.517 2800 5.002 3000 3.685 3200 2.534 3400 1.516 3600 0.609 3800 0.202 4000 0.934 4500 2.486 5000 3.725 5500 4.743 6000 5.590 186.975 105.630 45.150 35.005 27.742 22.285 18.030 14.622 11.827 9.497 7.521 5.826 4.357 3.072 1.935 0.926 0.019 0.796 2.513 3.895 5.023 5.963 367.480 213.372 99.127 80.011 66.329 56.055 48.051 41.645 36.391 32.011 28.304 25.117 22.359 19.937 17.800 15.898 14.199 12.660 9.414 6.807 4.666 2.865 92.208 52.691 23.163 18.182 14.609 11.921 9.826 8.145 6.768 5.619 4.648 3.812 3.086 2.451 1.891 1.392 0.945 0.542 0.312 0.996 1.560 2.032 106.208 60.281 26.034 20.283 16.099 13.066 10.657 8.728 7.148 5.832 4.719 3.763 2.937 2.212 1.576 1.088 0.501 0.044 0.920 1.689 2.318 2.843 103.762 57.616 23.529 17.871 13.842 10.830 8.497 6.635 5.120 3.860 2.801 1.894 1.111 0.429 0.169 0.701 1.176 1.599 2.490 3.197 3.771 4.245 35.052 20.295 9.388 7.569 6.270 5.294 4.536 3.931 3.433 3.019 2.671 2.372 2.114 1.888 1.690 1.513 1.356 1.216 0.921 0.686 0.497 0.341 K Fuente: Gordon J. Van Wylen y Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodyamics, versión inglés/SI, 3a. ed., Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1986, p. 723, Tabla A-14. Con base en información termodinámica proporcionada en JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, Midland, MI, Termal Research Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, 1971. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 950 7/12/11 14:26:07 951 APÉNDICE 1 7.5 0.50 7.0 0.55 T 0.60 R 6.5 0.65 0.70 6.0 Líq 0.75 uid 0.80 os atu rad o 5.5 0.90 5.0 0.94 0.92 0.98 0.96 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 0.75 0.80 4.5 0.85 4.0 0.90 1.10 1.15 0.92 3.5 0.94 1.20 0.96 1.25 3.0 1.30 0.98 2.5 1.40 2.0 1.50 1.60 1.5 o rad atu or s Vap .90 0 0.5 00 1.0 1.1 1.2 0 0 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.20 0 3 1. 1. –– –– hideal – h hideal – h = ————– Desviación de entalpía Zh = ————– RuTcr RTcr 0.85 2.40 2.60 0 5 1.5 0.9 2.80 3.00 2.00 4.00 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 10 20 30 0.500 0.400 = TR 0 0.9 0 9 = 0. 0. 80 TR 0 1.0 ra do 0.300 or sa tu 1.10 0.200 FIGURA A-29 Carta generalizada de desviación de entalpía. 1.20 Va p –– –– hideal – h hideal – h = ————– Desviación de entalpía Zh = ————– RuTcr RTcr Presión reducida, PR 1.40 1.60 0.100 Fuente: John R. Howell y Richard O. Buckius, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, versión SI, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, p. 558, Fig. C.2 y p. 561, Fig C.5. 2.00 0.000 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 PR 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 951 7/12/11 14:26:08 952 9.0 TRr 8.0 0.500 o ad 0.400 r po Va 0.300 tur sa .90 =0 TR 0 1.0 0. 80 Desviación de entropía 10.0 sideal – s sideal – s = ————– Zs = ————– Ru R TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) 0.200 0.100 0.000 0 1.10 1.20 1.40 1.60 2.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 PR 7.0 0.55 0.60 o uid Líq 6.0 sat 0.65 d ura 0.70 o sideal – s sideal – s = ————– Desviación de entropía Zs = ————– Ru R 0.50 5.0 0.75 0.75 0.80 0.80 0.85 4.0 0.90 0.90 0.94 0.92 0.98 0.92 0.96 0.94 1.00 1.02 0.96 0.85 3.0 0.94 0.98 1.04 1.02 1.06 1.08 0.98 1.06 1.10 1.15 2.0 1.20 1.30 Fuente: John R. Howell y Richard O. Buckius, Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, versión SI, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1987, p. 559, Fig. C.3 y p. 561, Fig C.5. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 952 1.0 1.0.95 00 FIGURA A-30 Carta generalizada de desviación de entropía. do r satura Vapo 0 0.9 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.40.5 1.40 4 1.0 .10 1 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.60 2.00 3.00 1.0 2.0 1.50 1.80 2.50 3.0 4.0 5.0 10 20 30 Presión reducida, PR 7/12/11 14:26:08 0 2.5 0.2 10 10 15 pe m Te de ra tu ra ºC 15 n ió ac ur 20 t sa 70 80 0.8 4 20 % 6 0.8 6 % 50 % 40 30% 30 va d relati umeda 8 10% H 20% edo úm oh eb ulb ra d atu per tem ºC 40 gr o sec ire de a o am 2 0.8 0 0.8 0.7 8 Reproducida con permiso de la American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia; usada con permiso. Temperatura de bulbo seco ºC 20 0% 25 0.8 FIGURA A-31 Carta psicrométrica a 1 atm de presión total. 25 30 en m um vol Preparado por el Centro de Estudios Aplicados de Termodinámica, Universidad de Idaho. 0 5 10 2.0 5 30 lp gr lo ki a co se 30 0 0.9 50 E a nt h ( ía j ilo 60 )k or sp le ou o am de ire 90 100 kilo 40 Entalpía Δh ————————— = —— Relación de humedad Δ –0.2 por 20 4.0 0.4 .5 –• 1.0 1.5 –5.0 2.0 4.0 –2.0 ΔHS – • Calor sensible —————– = —— – 4.0 0.0 Calor total ΔHT – 2.0 1.0 1.0 4 0 5.0 3 0. 10.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 • –0 3.0 2 % 0.9 90 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 953 % Nivel del mar etro ico cúb 80 © 1992 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 0.9 70 ASHRAE Gráfica psicrométrica núm. 1 Temperatura normal Presión barométrica 101.325 kPa 2 4 6 8 50 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 0.95 1.0 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.36 APÉNDICE 1 953 7/12/11 14:26:08 ΔHS Calor sensible —— —————– = Calor total ΔHT Relación de humedad (ω) (ω) gramos de humedad por kilogramo de aire seco (ω 954 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) Ma* A A* P P0 + +0 T T0 TABLA A-32 1 2 1)Ma2 0.5(k 1) (k 1) 1 2 k 1 31 2 11 Ma224 Ma k 1 2 k (k 1) k 1 11 Ma22 2 1 (k 1) k 1 11 Ma22 2 1 k 1 Ma22 11 2 Ma k (k Funciones de flujo compresible unidimensional e isentrópico de un gas ideal con k 1.4 Ma Ma* A/A* P/P0 r/r0 T/T0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 5.0 0 0.1094 0.2182 0.3257 0.4313 0.5345 0.6348 0.7318 0.8251 0.9146 1.0000 1.1583 1.2999 1.4254 1.5360 1.6330 1.7179 1.7922 1.8571 1.9140 1.9640 2.2361 2.2495 5.8218 2.9635 2.0351 1.5901 1.3398 1.1882 1.0944 1.0382 1.0089 1.0000 1.0304 1.1149 1.2502 1.4390 1.6875 2.0050 2.4031 2.8960 3.5001 4.2346 25.000 1.0000 0.9930 0.9725 0.9395 0.8956 0.8430 0.7840 0.7209 0.6560 0.5913 0.5283 0.4124 0.3142 0.2353 0.1740 0.1278 0.0935 0.0684 0.0501 0.0368 0.0272 0.0019 0 1.0000 0.9950 0.9803 0.9564 0.9243 0.8852 0.8405 0.7916 0.7400 0.6870 0.6339 0.5311 0.4374 0.3557 0.2868 0.2300 0.1841 0.1472 0.1179 0.0946 0.0760 0.0113 0 1.0000 0.9980 0.9921 0.9823 0.9690 0.9524 0.9328 0.9107 0.8865 0.8606 0.8333 0.7764 0.7184 0.6614 0.6068 0.5556 0.5081 0.4647 0.4252 0.3894 0.3571 0.1667 0 3.0 A/A* Funciones de flujo compresible 2.5 2.0 Ma* 1.5 1.0 T/T0 0.5 r/r* P/P0 0 0 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 954 0.5 1.0 1.5 Ma 2.0 2.5 3.0 7/12/11 14:26:08 955 APÉNDICE 1 T01 TABLA A-33 T02 (k 1)Ma21 2kMa21 k Ma2 kMa21 kMa22 P2 P1 1 1 +2 +1 P2 P1 T2 T1 T2 T1 2 2 P 02 P 01 Ma1 1 3 Ma2 1 P 02 P1 (1 2kMa21 k (k 2 Ma21(k Ma22(k Funciones de choque normal unidimensional de un gas ideal con k 1.4 2 1 k 1 1 1)Ma21 (k 1)Ma21 V1 V2 1) 1) Ma22(k Ma21(k 1) 2 (k 1)/[2(k 1)] 4 1) 2 kMa21)[1 Ma22(k 1 kMa22 1) 2]k (k 1) Ma1 Ma2 P2/P1 r2/r1 T2/T1 P02/P01 P02/P1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 4.0 5.0 1.0000 0.9118 0.8422 0.7860 0.7397 0.7011 0.6684 0.6405 0.6165 0.5956 0.5774 0.5613 0.5471 0.5344 0.5231 0.5130 0.5039 0.4956 0.4882 0.4814 0.4752 0.4350 0.4152 0.3780 1.0000 1.2450 1.5133 1.8050 2.1200 2.4583 2.8200 3.2050 3.6133 4.0450 4.5000 4.9783 5.4800 6.0050 6.5533 7.1250 7.7200 8.3383 8.9800 9.6450 10.3333 18.5000 29.000 1.0000 1.1691 1.3416 1.5157 1.6897 1.8621 2.0317 2.1977 2.3592 2.5157 2.6667 2.8119 2.9512 3.0845 3.2119 3.3333 3.4490 3.5590 3.6636 3.7629 3.8571 4.5714 5.0000 6.0000 1.0000 1.0649 1.1280 1.1909 1.2547 1.3202 1.3880 1.4583 1.5316 1.6079 1.6875 1.7705 1.8569 1.9468 2.0403 2.1375 2.2383 2.3429 2.4512 2.5632 2.6790 4.0469 5.8000 1.0000 0.9989 0.9928 0.9794 0.9582 0.9298 0.8952 0.8557 0.8127 0.7674 0.7209 0.6742 0.6281 0.5833 0.5401 0.4990 0.4601 0.4236 0.3895 0.3577 0.3283 0.1388 0.0617 0 1.8929 2.1328 2.4075 2.7136 3.0492 3.4133 3.8050 4.2238 4.6695 5.1418 5.6404 6.1654 6.7165 7.2937 7.8969 8.5261 9.1813 9.8624 10.5694 11.3022 12.0610 21.0681 32.6335 5.0 P02/P1 P2/P1 Funciones de choque normal 4.0 r2/r1 3.0 T2/T1 2.0 1.0 Ma2 P02/P01 0 1.0 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 955 1.5 2.0 Ma1 2.5 3.0 7/12/11 14:26:09 956 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) T0 T 0* 1)Ma2[2 (k 1)Ma2] (1 kMa2)2 (k P0 P*0 1 T T* Ma(1 k) 2 1 2 1 kMa2 k 2 1 1 kMa2 P P* 1 1 k kMa2 V V* +* + (1 1 (k k k)Ma2 kMa2 2 k (k 1) 1)Ma 2 1 TABLA A-34 Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh para un gas ideal con k 1.4 Ma T0/T 0* P0/P 0* T/T* P/P* V/V* 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 0.0000 0.0468 0.1736 0.3469 0.5290 0.6914 0.8189 0.9085 0.9639 0.9921 1.0000 0.9787 0.9343 0.8842 0.8363 0.7934 0.7561 0.7242 0.6970 0.6738 0.6540 1.2679 1.2591 1.2346 1.1985 1.1566 1.1141 1.0753 1.0431 1.0193 1.0049 1.0000 1.0194 1.0777 1.1756 1.3159 1.5031 1.7434 2.0451 2.4177 2.8731 3.4245 0.0000 0.0560 0.2066 0.4089 0.6151 0.7901 0.9167 0.9929 1.0255 1.0245 1.0000 0.9118 0.8054 0.7017 0.6089 0.5289 0.4611 0.4038 0.3556 0.3149 0.2803 2.4000 2.3669 2.2727 2.1314 1.9608 1.7778 1.5957 1.4235 1.2658 1.1246 1.0000 0.7958 0.6410 0.5236 0.4335 0.3636 0.3086 0.2648 0.2294 0.2004 0.1765 0.0000 0.0237 0.0909 0.1918 0.3137 0.4444 0.5745 0.6975 0.8101 0.9110 1.0000 1.1459 1.2564 1.3403 1.4046 1.4545 1.4938 1.5252 1.5505 1.5711 1.5882 3.5 P0/P0* Funciones del flujo de Rayleigh 3.0 2.5 2.0 V/V* 1.5 1.0 T0/T 0* 0.5 T/T* P/P* 0 0 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 956 0.5 1.0 1.5 Ma 2.0 2.5 3.0 7/12/11 14:26:09
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