Determinación de Cloruros por Gravimetría: Informe de Laboratorio

@APA_IMLDKMÛL @A KCG_Q_G[ ^G_ J_DUMIAP_MD
4. GOFAPMUG
4.4. GOFAPMUG JALA_DC6
@atarimldr cd prasalkmd `a kcgrurgs d pdrtmr `a cd sapdrdkmûl pgr jrdvmiatréd `ac kgipuastg
prmlkmpdc y gtrgs kglstmtuyaltas pdrd gotalar ul kgipuastg purg `a astaqumgiatrmd kglgkm`d y
`aemlm`d.
4.?. GOFAPMUG[ A[^AKÉEMKG[6
@askrmomr al quí kglsmsta ac dläcmsms jrdvmiítrmkg
j rdvmiítrmkg pgr ia`mg `a kglkaptgs oäsmkgs.
@atarimldr cd kdltm`d` y ac pgrkaltdfa `a kcgrg al cd iuastrd d pdrtmr `a cgs käckucgs
partmlaltas.
Astdocakar cgs edktgras qua mlecuyal al cd jrdvmiatréd `ac kcgrg.
?. ID_KG PAÛ_MKG-_AEA_ALKMDC
?.4. ID_KG PAÛ_MKG


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Ac kgltal`m`g `a kcgrurg al sdcas sgcuocas sa pua`a `atarimldr ia`mdlta su prakmpmtdkmûl kgig
kcgrurg `a pcdtd6
+
∟
()
 ()
↟ ()
Ac prakmpmtd`g (DjKc) sa rakgcaktd al ul krmsgc `a vm`rmg (smltara` jcdss) y sa cdvd. Qld vaz sa sakd
ac prakmpmtd`g d 44>¾K bdstd gotalar uld idsd kglstdlta, sa `atarimld cd idsd `a kcgrurg pgr
astaqumgiatrmd.
Al tg`g prgka`mimaltg sa `aoa talar prasalta cd pgsmomcm`d` `a mltarearalkmds. Al asta kdsg,
dlmglas `a sdcas `a äkm`gs `íomcas, tdcas kgig kdrogldtgs, egridl sdcas pgkg sgcuocas kgl pcdtd
d pB lautrdc, pgr cg qua sa `aoa idltalar ac pB dké`mkg `urdlta ac prgkasg `a prakmpmtdkmûl.
Gtrg dspaktg mipgrtdlta qua sa `aoa tgidr al kualtd as qua al prgpgrkmglas astaqumgiítrmkds
ac DjKc as cavaialta sgcuoca. ^drd acmimldr astd pgsmomcm`d`, sa dôd`a ul paquaôg axkasg `a
+. [m sa dôd`a `aidsmd`g + pua`a kgprakmpmtdr  .
Mlmkmdcialta, cd radkkmûl egrid ul kgcgm`a, ac kudc sa kgdjucd kdcaltäl`gcg. Dc dôd`mr  y ul
cava axkasg `a  sa avmtdl cds mltarearalkmds ialkmgld`ds dltarmgrialta, d cd vaz qua sa
prgiuava cd kgdjucdkmûl.
Cgs bdcgjalurgs `a pcdtd, mlkcuyal`g DjKc, sa `askgipglal dc radkkmgldr kgl cd cuz uctrdvmgcatd.
[ml aiodrjg, sm cd iuastrd lg altrd al kgltdktg `mraktg kgl cd cuz sgcdr, asta prgkasg as
mlsmjlmemkdlta.
ℌ
?()  ?()  ()
DLÄCM[M[ J_DUMIÍP_MKG
Ac dläcmsms jrdvmiítrmkg kglsmsta al `atarimldr cd kdltm`d` prgpgrkmgld`d `a ul acaialtg,
rd`mkdc g kgipuastg prasalta al uld iuastrd, acmimldl`g tg`ds cds sustdlkmds qua mltaremaral
y kglvmrtmal`g ac kglstmtuyalta g kgipglalta `asad`g al ul kgipuastg `a kgipgsmkmûl
`aemlm`d, qua sad suskaptmoca `a pasdrsa. Cgs käckucgs sa radcmzdl kgl
kg l odsa al cgs pasgs dtûimkgs
y igcakucdras, y sa eul`dialtdl al uld kglstdlkmd al cd kgipgsmkmûl `a sustdlkmds purds y al
cds racdkmglas pgl`ardcas (astaqumgiatrmd) `a cds radkkmglas quéimkds. ([hggj, Zast, & Bgccar,
?>>4)
IAKDLM[IG @A ^_AKM^MPDKMÛL
Cd egridkmûl `a uld edsa sûcm`d al ac salg `a uld sgcukmûl sdturd`d as ul prgkasg dctdialta
kgipcafg y kgl kdrdktaréstmkds prgpmds `ac prakmpmtd`g qua sa astä egridl`g. ^gr gtrg cd`g,
prakmpmtd`gs `a uld imsid sustdlkmd pua`al kdiomdr prgeul`dialta sajöl cds kgl`mkmglas al
qua sa cgs gotuvg. Asta pdlgrdid lgs ml`mkd qua lg axmsta ul iakdlmsig ölmkg `a prakmpmtdkmûl.
[ml aiodrjg axmstal tras atdpds al ac prgkasg `a prakmpmtdkmûl qua sgl kgiulas d tg`gs cgs
prakmpmtd`gs, cds tras atdpds `ac ig`acg m`adcmzd`g sgl6 Lukcadkmûl, Krakmimaltg y
Alvafakmimaltg.
?.?. ID_KG _AEA_ALKMDC
Cd präktmkd –@atarimldkmûl `a kcgrurgs pgr jrdvmiatréd’ sa ccavû d kdog ac `éd Umarlas, 4> `a
Idyg `a ?>4=, al ac Cdogrdtgrmg `a Tuéimkd Dldcétmkd `a cd Edkuctd` `a Kmalkmds, Askuacd `a
Mljalmaréd Tuéimkd, al cd Askuacd [uparmgr ^gcmtíklmkd `a Kbmiogrdzg uomkd`d al cd
^dldiarmkdld [ur hmcûiatrg 4 ¹ `a cd kmu`d` `a _mgodiod, prgvmlkmd `a Kbmiogrdzg.
;. ATQM^G[ ] IDPA_MDCA[
IDPA_MDCA[
Udsg `a prakmpmtdkmûl, ?1>ic y 5>>ic
_ADKPMUG[
_avaroarg
Idccd
Udrmccd `a Um`rmg
^mpatd
Odcdlzd dldcétmkd
Krmsgc
^mlzd
^dpac emctrg (>.12;:j)
 (>.1L)
 (4> jgtds kglk.) (464>>)
 (jgtds)
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0. @DPG[ ] KÄCKQCG[
0.4. @DPG[
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_ADKPMUG ^_G^G_KMÛL
>.1>>4 jrdigs
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Djud
41> ic
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>.1L ≁
4> jgtds kglk.

racdkmûl 464>>
 kglk. Jgtds
EQALPA6 KDI^GUA_@A, Dljma, EK-CTD, A[^GKB, ?>4=.
0.?. KÄCKQCG[
[gcukmûl `a Lmtrdtg `a pcdtd
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[gcukmûl `a kcgrurg `a sg`mg
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I9>.1 j LdKc
U9 41> ic djud
[gcukmûl `a äkm`g létrmkg
_acdkmûl 464>>
U  94ic
Udjud 9 4>>ic
Kdltm`d` `a mûl kcgrurg gotalm`g
4  
4   ∟
;1.01 
     Ú 40;.?  Ú 4   Ú 4   ∟ 9
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^grkaltdfa `a mûl kcgrurg gotalm`g
 (%) 9
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1. _A[QCPD@G[
Pdocd 0.4-4
_A[QCPD@G[ @A CD @APA_IMLDKMÛL @A KCG_Q_G[ AL CD [GCQKMÛL
Mûl Kcgrurg
^grkaltdfa `a Kcgrurgs
(j)
(%)
5. @M[KQ[MÛL
EQALPA6 KDI^GUA_@A, Dljma, EK-CTD, A[^GKB, ?>4=.
[ajöl ac prgka`mimaltg radcmzd`g al cd präktmkd `a –`atarimldkmûl `a kcgrurgs pgr jrdvmiatréd’
luastrg jrupg A [a prgpusg radcmzdr kmartg prgkasg kglstmtum`g pgr cd radcmzdkmûl `a kmartds
sgcukmglas kgig `a LdKc,  dc >.1L, BKc kglkaltrd`g y  kglkaltrd`g y `a uld
racdkmûl 464>>, `a idlard qua
qua sa gotuvg, cuajg `a
`a radcmzdr cgs edktgras jrdvmiítrmkgs
kgrraspgl`maltas `a prakmpmtdkmûl, emctrd`g, sakd`g y pasd`g, ul vdcgr --------- `a mûl Kc- `ac
kcgrurg `a pcdtd gotalm`g. ^arg al ac kdsg `a luastrgs
luastrgs kgipdôargs `ac jrupg --- pasa d sar cd
imsid präktmkd kgl ac imsig gofatmvg gotuvmargl uld kdltm`d` `a ------- `a Kc-. Cgs vdcgras
gotalm`gs sa `mstmljual `aom`g d kmartgs edktgras qua mltaremaral kgig cgs arrgras kgiatm`gs dc
pasdr kmartgs sgcutgs g vgcöialas al cds sgcukmglas radcmzd`ds.
:. KGLKCQ[MGLA[ ] _AKGIAL@DKMGLA[
:.4. KGLKCQ[MGLA[
[a `atarimlû cd prasalkmd `a kcgrurgs al cd sgcukmûl `a kcgrurg `a sg`mg ia`mdlta cd
sapdrdkmûl pgr jrdvmiatréd, `gl`a d cd sgcukmûl sa ca djrajû lmtrdtg `a pcdtd >.1L `aom`g
d qua dyu`d d cd egridkmûl g krakmimaltg `a pdrtékucds `a prakmpmtd`g, usd`g ul
vgcuial `a ??ic kgl ul axkasg `a 4ic pdrd `msimlumr cds pír`m`ds al ac dläcmsms. [a cdvû
kgl äkm`g létrmkg. [a kdcaltû cd iuastrd pdrd acmimldr ac `msgcvalta g kudcqumar aspakma
vgcätmc prasalta. [a emctrd cd iuastrd y sa cdvd pdrd qua lg axmstd Dj+. ] sa pasû pgr öctmig
ac kgipuastg gotalm`g `a kcgrurg `a pcdtd.
[a `atarimlû qua ac dläcmsms jrdvmiítrmkg kglsmsta al `atarimldr cd kdltm`d`
prgpgrkmgld`d `a ul acaialtg, rd`mkdc g kgipuastg prasalta al uld iuastrd,
acmimldl`g tg`ds cds sustdlkmds qua mltaremaral y kglvmrtmal`g ac kglstmtuyalta g
kgipglalta `asad`g al ul kgipuastg `a kgipgsmkmûl `aemlm`d, qua sad suskaptmoca
`a pasdrsa.


[a `atarimlû qua cd kdltm`d` `a kcgrurg al cd iuastrd gotalm`d `a kcgrurg `a pcdtd as
`a ------ kgl ul pgrkaltdfa `a -------- jrdkmds d cgs käckucgs astaqumgiítrmkgs radcmzd`gs.
[a astdocakmû qua ac dläcmsms jrdvmiítrmkg al cd `atarimldkmûl `a kcgrurgs sa cg radcmzd d
trdvís `ac iítg`g `a prakmpmtdkmûl kudltmtdtmvd, ac kudc kglsmsta al usdr edktgras kgig
prakmpmtdkmûl, emctrdkmûl, cdvd`g y sakd`g `a cd sustdlkmd.
:.?. _AKGIAL@DKMGLA[
Idlmpucdr kgl prakdukmûl cds sgcukmglas utmcmzd`ds, `d`g qua pgr sar dcjulds `a

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iatdcas
pasd`gs
pua`al
d`aiäs
`a lg idltalar kgltdktg kgl cd pmac.
^asdr ac pdpac
emctrg
dltassar
`a tgxmkds,
bdkar usg
`ac imsig.
Palar kum`d`g dc pdsdr cd sgcukmûl id`ra pgr ac pdpac emctrg, pua`a pdsdrsa ac
kgipuastg raquarm`g dc cmkgr id`ra `a emctrd`g.
2. OMOCMGJ_DEÉD
2.4. KMPD[


([hggj, Zast, & Bgccar, ?>>4)
2.?. OMOCMGJ_DEÉD
2.;.
[hggj, @., Zast, @., & Bgccar, E. (?>>4). Tuéimkd Dldcétmkd. Iíxmkg6 Ik Jrdw Bmcc.
2.0. MLPA_LAP
Jrdvmiatréd6
bttp6//www.eoqe.ult.a`u.dr/mlstmtutgs/qumimkddldcmtmkd/Dldcmtmkd%?>M/p`e/J_D
UMIAP_MD.p`e
Dläcmsms Jrdvmiítrmkg6
bttp6//gkw.usdc.as/kmalkmds-axparmialtdcas/qumimkddldcmtmkd/kgltalm`gs/KGLPALM@G[/2.%?>KGLKA^PG[%?>PAG_MKG[.p`e
=. KQA[PMGLD_MG
·Al quí kglsmsta cd tíklmkd `a `atarimldkmûl `a kcgrurgs7
kcgrurgs7
Kglsmsta al `atarimldr cd kdltm`d` prasalta `ac mûl Kc- al cd iuastrd gotalm`d ia`mdlta
prgkasgs jrdvmiítrmkgs. ^gr ia`mg `ac kudc d cd sgcukmûl `a LdKc sa ca djrajû lmtrdtg `a
pcdtd >.1L `aom`g d qua dyu`d d cd egridkmûl g krakmimaltg `a pdrtékucds `a prakmpmtd`g,



usdl`g ul vgcuial `a ??ic kgl ul axkasg `a 4ic pdrd `msimlumr cds pír`m`ds al ac
dläcmsms. [a cdvû [a kdcaltû cd iuastrd pdrd acmimldr ac `msgcvalta g kudcqumar aspakma
vgcätmc prasalta. [a emctrd cd iuastrd y sa cdvd pdrd qua lg axmstd mûl Dj+. ] sa pasû pgr
öctmig ac kgipuastg gotalm`g `a kcgrurg `a pcdtd. ^drd dsé gotalar ac pasg `ac mûl Kc-.

·Mlvastmjua gtrgs prgka`mimaltgs pdrd cd `atarimldkmûl jrdvmiítrmkd `a idjlasmg al
uld iuastrd7
iuastrd7
Jrdvmiatréd pgr kdckmldkmûl,
kdckmldkmûl, sa bdka radkkmgldr quéimkdialta dc dldcmtg kgl ac eml `a
qua, kgig prg`uktg, qua`a uld sustdlkmd tgtdcialta mlsgcuoca `a cd kudc sa pua`d
gotalar ac pasg y, ia`mdlta käckucgs, cd kglkaltrdkmûl `a dldcmtg.
^rgka`mimaltg axparmimaltdc6
- Gotalkmûl `a ul kgipuastg mlsgcuoca6
4¶) ^mpatadr ac vgcuial `a iuastrd d`akud`g.
?¶) Emctrdr cd iuastrd y aiidskdrdimaltg `a mltarearalkmds.
;¶) Egridkmûl `ac prakmpmtd`g (kgipuastg mlsgcuoca).
0¶) Dsajurdr qua cd radkkmûl `a prakmkpmtdkmûl bd sm`g kudltmtdtmvd.
1¶) @mjastmûl `ac prakmpmtd`g.
- Emctrdkmûl y cdvd`g `ac prakmpmtd`g6
4¶) Emctrdkmûl `ac prakmpmtd`g ia`madlta ul pdpac `a emctrg sml kalmzds g kalmzds
kglgkm`ds.
?¶) Cd emctrdkmûl as pgr jrdva`d`.
;¶) Cdvd`g `ac prakmpmtd`g (djud, acaktrgcmtg, mûl kgiöl).
0¶) Kgiprgvdkmûl qua lg qua`d dldcmtg al ac emctrd`g.
- Prdtdimaltg tírimkg y pasd`d `ac kgipuastg mlsgcuoca6
4¶) [a kgja ac prakmpmtd`g (al ac pdpac `a emctrg) y sa `apgsmtd al ul krmsgc `a
pgrkacdld.
?¶) Kdroglmzdr ac pdpac ia`mdlta ul iakbarg Oulsal.
;¶) Mltrg`ukmr ac krmsgc y kdckmldr al cd iuecd d cd taipardturd `a =>>¶K. *
0¶) [dcm`d astued6 prmiarg `apgsmtdr ac krmsgc sgora idtarmdc raerdktdrmg y cuajg pglar
al `asakd`gr.
1¶) Pdrdr cgs krmsgcas d Pª d`akud`d.
5¶) ^asdr ac kgipuastg bdstd pasg kglstdlta.
- Käckucg `a cd kdltm`d` `a dldcmtg al cd iuastrd.
4>. DLARG[
_A[QIAL
Al ístd präktmkd sa `atarimlû cd kdltm`d` `a kcgrurgs prasalta al cd sgcukmûl `a kcgrurg `a sg`mg
ia`mdlta cd dpcmkdkmûl `ac iítg`g jrdvmiítrmkg. D cd sgcukmûl sa ca djrajû lmtrdtg `a pcdtd >.1L
(DjLG;), `aom`g d qua ísta dyu`d d cd egridkmûl û krakmimaltg `a cds pdrtékucds `ac prakmpmtd`g.
Dc radcmzdr cd tmtucdkmûl
tmtucdkmû l kgl (DjLG;) sa gosarvû qua dc i
igialtg
gialtg al qua sa egriû ac prakmpmtd`g,
as `akmr, al ac pultg emldc sa jdstû ul vgcuial mjudc d ??ic `a DjLG; `aspuís sa ca djrajû ul
axkasg `a 4ic `a DjLG; pdrd dsé `msimlumr cds pír`m`ds al ac dläcmsms, yd qua pgr iäs odfd qua
sad cd sgcuomcm`d` `ac prakmpmtd`g, smaipra qua`drä mûl Kc- al cd sgcukmûl mltaremrmal`g al `mkbg
dläcmsms, yd sad pgr uld `msimlukmûl `ac imsig. [a radcmzû ac emctrd`g y ac cdvd`g kgl äkm`g
äk m`g létrmkg
al uld racdkmûl `a 464>>, pgstarmgrialta sa `d ac kdcaltdimaltg `a cd iuastrd, yd qua pgr
ia`mg `a ístd sa acmimld ac `msgcvalta y kudcqumar aspakma vgcätmc prasalta al cd imsid pdrd qua
lg sa dctara ac vdcgr aspard`g. Ac vdcgr `a cd iuastrd gotalm`d eua >.=2 jrdigs `a KcKc- kgl ul
pgrkaltdfa `a ------ prasalta al cd sgcukmûl `a kcgrurg `a sg`mg.