NFPA 11-2016

Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
NFPA® 11
Standard for
Low-, Medium-, and
High-Expansion Foam
2016 Edition
Customer ID
17881047
NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471
An International Codes and Standards Organization
EDUFIRE.IR
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted without written
permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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8LI2*4%HMWGPEMQWPMEFMPMX]JSVER]TIVWSREPMRNYV]TVSTIVX]SVSXLIVHEQEKIWSJER]REXYVI[LEXWSIZIV[LIXLIV
WTIGMEPMRHMVIGXGSRWIUYIRXMEPSVGSQTIRWEXSV]HMVIGXP]SVMRHMVIGXP]VIWYPXMRKJVSQXLITYFPMGEXMSRYWISJSV
VIPMERGISR2*4%7XERHEVHW8LI2*4%EPWSQEOIWRSKYEVERX]SV[EVVERX]EWXSXLIEGGYVEG]SVGSQTPIXIRIWWSJ
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TIVWSRSVIRXMX]XSWSQISRIIPWI%R]SRIYWMRKXLMWHSGYQIRXWLSYPHVIP]SRLMWSVLIVS[RMRHITIRHIRXNYHKQIRX
SVEWETTVSTVMEXIWIIOXLIEHZMGISJEGSQTIXIRXTVSJIWWMSREPMRHIXIVQMRMRKXLII\IVGMWISJVIEWSREFPIGEVIMRER]
KMZIRGMVGYQWXERGIW
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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SVEWWIVXIHMRGSRRIGXMSR[MXLER2*4%7XERHEVH8LIYWIVWSJ2*4%7XERHEVHWFIEVXLIWSPIVIWTSRWMFMPMX]JSV
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HMWGPEMQWPMEFMPMX]JSVXLIMRJVMRKIQIRXSJER]TEXIRXVIWYPXMRKJVSQXLIYWISJSVVIPMERGISR2*4%7XERHEVHW
2*4%EHLIVIWXSXLITSPMG]SJXLI%QIVMGER2EXMSREP7XERHEVHW-RWXMXYXI %27- VIKEVHMRKXLIMRGPYWMSRSJ
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VIUYMVIYWISJERMRZIRXMSRGSZIVIHF]TEXIRXVMKLXW2*4%XEOIWRSTSWMXMSREWXSXLIZEPMHMX]SJER]WYGL
TEXIRXVMKLXWSVEWXS[LIXLIVWYGLTEXIRXVMKLXWGSRWXMXYXISVMRGPYHIIWWIRXMEPTEXIRXGPEMQWYRHIVXLI
[MPPMRKRIWWXSKVERXPMGIRWIWYRHIVXLIWIVMKLXWSRVIEWSREFPIERHRSRHMWGVMQMREXSV]XIVQWERHGSRHMXMSRWXS
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wEHSTXMSRF]VIJIVIRGIxQIERWXLIGMXMRKSJXMXPIIHMXMSRERHTYFPMWLMRKMRJSVQEXMSRSRP]%R]HIPIXMSRWEHHMXMSRW
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VIUYIWXMRK*SVQEP-RXIVTVIXEXMSRWJSVTVSTSWMRK8IRXEXMZI-RXIVMQ%QIRHQIRXWERHJSVTVSTSWMRKVIZMWMSRWXS
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EDUFIRE.IR
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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'ST]VMKLX  2EXMSREP *MVI 4VSXIGXMSR %WWSGMEXMSR %PP 6MKLXW 6IWIVZIH
2*4% 7XERHEVH JSV
0S[ 1IHMYQ ERH ,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQ
)HMXMSR
8LMW IHMXMSR SJ 2*4% 7XERHEVH JSV 0S[ 1IHMYQ ERH ,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQ [EW TVITEVIH
F] XLI 8IGLRMGEP 'SQQMXXII SR *SEQ ERH EGXIH SR F] 2*4% EX MXW .YRI %WWSGMEXMSR 8IGLRMGEP
1IIXMRK LIPH .YRI z MR 'LMGEKS -0 -X [EW MWWYIH F] XLI 7XERHEVHW 'SYRGMP SR
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XYVMRK 6MWOW ERH 7TIGMEP ,E^EVHW TVITEVIH WXERHEVHW SR JSEQ EW E WIGXMSR SJ XLI KIRIVEP
7XERHEVH SR 4VSXIGXMSR SJ *MVI ,E^EVHW -RGMHIRX XS XLI 9WI SJ :SPEXMPIW MR 1ERYJEGXYVMRK 4VSGIWWIW
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1ERYJEGXYVMRK ,E^EVHW ERH XLI 'SQQMXXII SR 7TIGMEP )\XMRKYMWLMRK 7]WXIQW TVMSV XS XLI
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MR 2*4% & 7XERHEVH SR 7]RXLIXMG ERH 'SQFMRIH %KIRX 7]WXIQW 8LI WXERHEVH [EW VIZMWIH MR ERH EKEMR MR XS QSVI GPIEVP] WXEXI XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW ERH XS WITEVEXI QERHEXSV] VIUYMVI
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JSV QEVMRI ETTPMGEXMSRW ERH XS TVSZMHI KYMHERGI VIPEXMRK XS XLI IRZMVSRQIRXEP MQTEGX SJ
JSEQ W]WXIQ HMWGLEVKIW
8LI IHMXMSR [EW VIZMWIH XS EHHVIWW QM\MRK SJ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW ERH XS GPEVMJ] VI
UYMVIQIRXW VIPEXIH XS JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TYQTW 6IUYMVIQIRXW JSV QIHMYQ ERH LMKL
I\TERWMSR JSEQ W]WXIQW [IVI MRGPYHIH
8LI IHMXMSR [EW VISVKERM^IH XS TVSZMHI XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW JSV PS[ QIHMYQ ERH
LMKLI\TERWMSR JSEQ XS FIXXIV MRGSVTSVEXI XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ 2*4% %
8LI IHMXMSR EHHIH E RI[ GLETXIV XS EHHVIWW GSQTVIWWIH EMV JSEQ W]WXIQW 9RIR
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ERRYEP JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI XIWXMRK LEZI FIIR EHHVIWWIH IRZMVSRQIRXEPP] JVMIRHP] QIXLSHW SJ
XIWXMRK JSEQ TVSTSVXMSRIVW EVI VIGSKRM^IH ERH WIEPSRP] TVSXIGXMSR MW TIVQMXXIH JSV GSQTSW
MXI VSSJW XLEX QIIX WTIGMJMG GVMXIVME
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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03; 1)(-91 %2( ,-+,)<4%27-32 *3%1
8IGLRMGEP 'SQQMXXII SR *SEQ
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6IT %QIVMGER 4IXVSPIYQ -RWXMXYXI
%YWXMR + 4VEXLIV ,E]HIR ERH 'SQTER] 8< ?1A
2MEPP 6EQWHIR 6IWSYVGI 4VSXIGXMSR -RXIVREXMSREP
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(SREPH , 7IEQER '7' %HZERGIH 1EVMRI (' ?7)A
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(EZMH 1 7SVRWMR 7SVRWMR *MVI 4VSXIGXMSR 2( ?-1A
6IT %QIVMGER *MVI 7TVMROPIV %WWSGMEXMSR
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6IT 2EXMSREP %WWSGMEXMSR SJ *MVI )UYMTQIRX
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6IT %YXSQEXMG 'SQTVIWWIH %MV *SEQ 7]WXIQW
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: *VERO &EXIQER 2EXMSREP *SEQ '% ?1A
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6IT 2EXMSREP *MVI 7TVMROPIV %WWSGMEXMSR
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6IT 9RMXIH %WWR SJ .SYVRI]QIR %TTVIRXMGIW SJ XLI
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6IT *MVI 7YTTVIWWMSR 7]WXIQW %WWSGMEXMSR
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%PX XS 6 ,IRHVMGOWIR
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8LMW PMWX VITVIWIRXW XLI QIQFIVWLMT EX XLI XMQI XLI 'SQQMXXII [EW FEPPSXIH SR XLI JMREP XI\X SJ XLMW IHMXMSR 7MRGI XLEX XMQI
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QEMRXIRERGI ERH YWI SJ JSEQ W]WXIQW JSV JMVI TVSXIGXMSR MRGPYHMRK JSEQ LSWI WXVIEQW
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8]TIW z +IRIVEP z ;EXIV 7YTTPMIW z
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXIW z
'SRGIRXVEXI 'SQTEXMFMPMX] z
*SEQ 4VSTSVXMSRMRK z
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 4YQTW z
4MTMRK z
7]WXIQ 8]TIW z
3TIVEXMSR ERH 'SRXVSP SJ 7]WXIQW z
'LETXIV 0S[)\TERWMSR 7]WXIQ (IWMKR z
8]TIW SJ ,E^EVHW z
3YXHSSV *M\IH 6SSJ 'SRI 8EROW z
3YXHSSV 3TIR8ST *PSEXMRK 6SSJ
8EROW z
3YXHSSV 'SZIVIH -RXIVREP *PSEXMRK
6SSJ 8EROW z
-RHSSV ,E^EVHW z
0SEHMRK 6EGOW z
(MOIH %VIEW { 3YXHSSV z
2SRHMOIH 7TMPP %VIEW z
7YTTPIQIRXEV] 4VSXIGXMSR z
'LETXIV 1IHMYQ ERH ,MKL)\TERWMSR
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9WI ERH 0MQMXEXMSRW z
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8]TIW SJ 7]WXIQW z
7]WXIQW 4VSXIGXMRK 3RI SV 1SVI
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4IVWSRRIP 7EJIX] z
3TIVEXMSR ERH 'SRXVSP SJ 7]WXIQW z
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI z
%MV 7YTTP] z
*SEQ+IRIVEXMRK %TTEVEXYW 0SGEXMSR z
(MWXVMFYXMSR 7]WXIQW z
8SXEP *PSSHMRK 7]WXIQW +IRIVEP
-RJSVQEXMSR z
0SGEP %TTPMGEXMSR 7]WXIQW z
*SEQ %TTPMGEXMSRW JSV 0MUYIJMIH
2EXYVEP +EW 02+ z
4SVXEFPI *SEQ+IRIVEXMRK (IZMGIW z
'LETXIV 'SQTVIWWIH %MV *SEQ 7]WXIQW z
+IRIVEP z
;EXIV 7YTTPMIW z
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI z
%MV SV 2MXVSKIR 7YTTP] z
'SQTVIWWIH %MV *SEQ+IRIVEXMRK
1IXLSH z
(MWXVMFYXMSR 7]WXIQW z
'SQTVIWWIH %MV *SEQ (MWGLEVKI
(IZMGIW z
3TIVEXMSR ERH 'SRXVSP SJ 7]WXIQW z
7]WXIQ 8]TIW z
0MQMXEXMSRW z
7]WXIQ (IWMKR z
-RWXEPPEXMSR SJ 4MTMRK ERH *MXXMRKW z
-RWXEPPEXMSR SJ %YXSQEXMG (IXIGXMSR z
'%*7 (MWGLEVKI (IZMGI 'LSMGI ERH
0SGEXMSR z
(MWGLEVKI (IRWMX] z
(MWGLEVKI (YVEXMSR z
7]WXIQ *PS[ 'EPGYPEXMSR z
4PERW ERH 7TIGMJMGEXMSRW z
8IWXMRK ERH %GGITXERGI z
1EMRXIRERGI z
'LETXIV 7TIGMJMGEXMSRW ERH 4PERW z
%TTVSZEP SJ 4PERW z
7TIGMJMGEXMSRW z
4PERW z
'LETXIV -RWXEPPEXMSR 6IUYMVIQIRXW z
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 4YQTW z
*PYWLMRK z
4S[IV 7YTTP] z
0S[)\TERWMSR 7]WXIQ 4MTMRK z
:EPZIW MR 0S[)\TERWMSR 7]WXIQW z
,ERKIVW 7YTTSVXW ERH 4VSXIGXMSR JSV
4MTI[SVO z
,SWI 6IUYMVIQIRXW z
8IWX 'SRRIGXMSRW z
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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*M\IH 0S[)\TERWMSR *SEQ 7]WXIQW
JSV 1EGLMRIV] 7TEGIW z
*M\IH 0S[)\TERWMSR *SEQ 7]WXIQW
SR (IGO JSV 4IXVSPIYQ ERH
'LIQMGEP 8EROIVW z
*SEQ 3YXPIX (IZMGIW z
1SRMXSVW z
,ERH ,SWIPMRIW z
,]HVEYPMG 'EPGYPEXMSRW z
-WSPEXMSR :EPZIW z
,ERKIVW 7YTTSVXW ERH 4VSXIGXMSR SJ
4MTI[SVO z
8IWXMRK ERH -RWTIGXMSR z
*SEQ 7]WXIQ 'SRGIRXVEXI
7XSVEKI z
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4MTMRK 1EXIVMEPW z
'LETXIV 8IWXMRK ERH %GGITXERGI z
-RWTIGXMSR ERH :MWYEP )\EQMREXMSR z
*PYWLMRK EJXIV -RWXEPPEXMSR z
%GGITXERGI 8IWXW z
4VIWWYVI 8IWXW z
3TIVEXMRK 8IWXW z
(MWGLEVKI 8IWXW z
%TTVSZEP SJ 0S[ 1IHMYQ ERH
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7]WXIQ 6IWXSVEXMSR z
'LETXIV 1EMRXIRERGI z
-RWTIGXMSR 8IWXMRK ERH 1EMRXIRERGI z
*SEQ4VSHYGMRK )UYMTQIRX z
4MTMRK z
7XVEMRIVW z
(IXIGXMSR ERH %GXYEXMSR )UYMTQIRX z
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI -RWTIGXMSR z
,MKL4VIWWYVI ']PMRHIVW z
3TIVEXMRK -RWXVYGXMSRW ERH 8VEMRMRK z
%RRI\ %
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%RRI\ &
7XSVEKI 8ERO 4VSXIGXMSR 7YQQEV] z
%RRI\ '
1IHMYQ ERH ,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQ z
%RRI\ (
8IWXW JSV *SEQ 7]WXIQW z
%RRI\ )
*SEQ )RZMVSRQIRXEP -WWYIW z
%RRI\ *
8IWX 1IXLSH JSV 1EVMRI *MVI*MKLXMRK
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXIW 4VSXIGXMRK
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%RRI\ +
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 5YEPMX] z
%RRI\ ,
-RJSVQEXMSREP 6IJIVIRGIW z
-RHI\ z
)HMXMSR
EDUFIRE.IR
Telegram EDUFIRE_IR
Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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YWI WYFNIGX XS MQTSVXERX RSXMGIW ERH PIKEP HMWGPEMQIVW 8LIWI RSXMGIW
ERH HMWGPEMQIVW ETTIEV MR EPP TYFPMGEXMSRW GSRXEMRMRK XLMW HSGYQIRX
ERH QE] FI JSYRH YRHIV XLI LIEHMRK w-QTSVXERX 2SXMGIW ERH (MW
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SR VIUYIWX JVSQ 2*4% SV ZMI[IH EX [[[RJTESVKHMWGPEMQIVW
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2*4% 7XERHEVHW EVI VIPIEWIH SR WGLIHYPIH VIZMWMSR G]GPIW 8LMW
IHMXMSR QE] FI WYTIVWIHIH F] E PEXIV SRI SV MX QE] FI EQIRHIH
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XLI HSGYQIRX EVI KMZIR MR 'LETXIV ERH XLSWI JSV I\XVEGXW MR
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MRK X]TIW SJ W]WXIQW
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WIRWYW SJ [LEX MW RIGIWWEV] XS TVSZMHI ER EGGITXEFPI HIKVII SJ
TVSXIGXMSR JVSQ XLI LE^EVHW EHHVIWWIH MR XLMW WXERHEVH EX XLI
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HEVH WLEPP RSX ETTP] XS JEGMPMXMIW IUYMTQIRX WXVYGXYVIW SV MR
WXEPPEXMSRW XLEX I\MWXIH SV [IVI ETTVSZIH JSV GSRWXVYGXMSR SV
MRWXEPPEXMSR TVMSV XS XLI IJJIGXMZI HEXI SJ XLI WXERHEVH ;LIVI
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EFPI HIKVII SJ VMWO XLI EYXLSVMX] LEZMRK NYVMWHMGXMSR WLEPP FI
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8LI VIXVSEGXMZI VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ XLMW WXERHEVH WLEPP FI
TIVQMXXIH XS FI QSHMJMIH MJ XLIMV ETTPMGEXMSR GPIEVP] [SYPH FI
MQTVEGXMGEP MR XLI NYHKQIRX SJ XLI EYXLSVMX] LEZMRK NYVMWHMG
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HIKVII SJ WEJIX] MW TVSZMHIH
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ZIRX XLI YWI SJ W]WXIQW QIXLSHW SV HIZMGIW SJ IUYMZEPIRX SV
WYTIVMSV UYEPMX] WXVIRKXL JMVI VIWMWXERGI IJJIGXMZIRIWW HYVE
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8IGLRMGEP HSGYQIRXEXMSR WLEPP FI WYFQMXXIH XS XLI EY
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MRXIRHIH TYVTSWI F] XLI EYXLSVMX] LEZMRK NYVMWHMGXMSR
8LMW WXERHEVH GSZIVW XLI HIWMKR MRWXEPPEXMSR STIVEXMSR
XIWXMRK ERH QEMRXIRERGI SJ PS[ QIHMYQ ERH LMKLI\TERWMSR
ERH GSQTVIWWIH EMV JSEQ W]WXIQW JSV JMVI TVSXIGXMSR
9RMXW ERH *SVQYPEW 1IXVMG YRMXW SJ QIEWYVIQIRX MR XLMW
WXERHEVH EVI MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL XLI QSHIVRM^IH QIXVMG W]W
XIQ ORS[R EW XLI -RXIVREXMSREP 7]WXIQ SJ 9RMXW 7- 8LI PMXIV
YRMX [LMGL MW RSX TEVX SJ FYX MW VIGSKRM^IH F] 7- MW GSQQSRP]
YWIH MR MRXIVREXMSREP JMVI TVSXIGXMSR 'SRZIVWMSR JEGXSVW JSV
XLMW YRMX EVI JSYRH MR 8EFPI 7GSTI
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JSEQ TVSXIGXMSR MW VIUYMVIH
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XLSWI VIWTSRWMFPI JSV HIWMKRMRK MRWXEPPMRK XIWXMRK MRWTIGXMRK
ETTVSZMRK PMWXMRK STIVEXMRK SV QEMRXEMRMRK JM\IH WIQMJM\IH
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GLETXIV EVI VIJIVIRGIH [MXLMR XLMW WXERHEVH ERH WLEPP FI GSR
WMHIVIH TEVX SJ XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ XLMW HSGYQIRX
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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2*4% 7XERHEVH JSV ;EXIV 7TVE] *M\IH 7]WXIQW JSV *MVI 4VSXIG
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2*4% 7XERHEVH JSV XLI -RWXEPPEXMSR SJ *SEQ;EXIV 7TVMROPIV
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2*4% 7XERHEVH JSV XLI -RWXEPPEXMSR SJ 7XEXMSREV] 4YQTW JSV
*MVI 4VSXIGXMSR IHMXMSR
2*4% 7XERHEVH JSV XLI -RWXEPPEXMSR SJ 4VMZEXI *MVI 7IVZMGI
1EMRW ERH 8LIMV %TTYVXIRERGIW IHMXMSR
2*4% *PEQQEFPI ERH 'SQFYWXMFPI 0MUYMHW 'SHI IHMXMSR
2*4% 2EXMSREP )PIGXVMGEP 'SHI IHMXMSR
2*4% 2EXMSREP *MVI %PEVQ ERH 7MKREPMRK 'SHI IHMXMSR
2*4% 7XERHEVH SR 8]TIW SJ &YMPHMRK 'SRWXVYGXMSR IHMXMSR
2*4% 7XERHEVH SR *SEQ 'LIQMGEPW JSV *MVIW MR 'PEWW %
*YIPW IHMXMSR
2*4% 7XERHEVH JSV %YXSQSXMZI *MVI %TTEVEXYW IHMXMSR
2*4% 7XERHEVH SR *MVI ,SWI IHMXMSR
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4MTMRK %TTPMGEXMSRW %781 % 7XERHEVH 7TIGMJMGEXMSR JSV 7IEQPIWW 'EVFSR 7XIIP
4MTI JSV ,MKL8IQTIVEXYVI 7IVZMGI %781 % 7XERHEVH 7TIGMJMGEXMSR JSV )PIGXVMG 6IWMWXERGI
;IPHIH 7XIIP 4MTI %781 % 7XERHEVH 7TIGMJMGEXMSR JSV *SVKIH SV 6SPPIH %PPS]
ERH 7XEMRPIWW 7XIIP 4MTI *PERKIW *SVKIH *MXXMRKW ERH :EPZIW ERH
4EVXW JSV ,MKL8IQTIVEXYVI 7IVZMGI %781 % 7XERHEVH 7TIGMJMGEXMSR JSV 7XIIP 'EWXMRKW 'EVFSR
7YMXEFPI JSV *YWMSR ;IPHMRK JSV ,MKL8IQTIVEXYVI 7IVZMGI %781 % 7XERHEVH 7TIGMJMGEXMSR JSV 4MTMRK *MXXMRKW SJ
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4VSXIGXMSR 9WI %27- & 7XERHEVH JSV 4MTI 8LVIEHW +IRIVEP 4YVTSWI
6 %781 & 7XERHEVH 7TIGMJMGEXMSR JSV 7IEQPIWW 6IH &VEWW 4MTI
7XERHEVH 7M^IW %27- & +VE] -VSR 4MTI *PERKIW ERH *PERKIH *MXXMRKW %781 & 7XERHEVH 7TIGMJMGEXMSR JSV 7IEQPIWW 'STTIV %PPS]
4MTI ERH 8YFI %27- & 1EPPIEFPI -VSR 8LVIEHIH *MXXMRKW 'PEWWIW ERH
%27- & +VE] -VSR 8LVIEHIH *MXXMRKW 'PEWWIW ERH %27- & 4MTI *PERKIW ERH *PERKIH *MXXMRKW 247 XLVSYKL 1IXVMG-RGL 7XERHEVH %781 ' 7XERHEVH 7TIGMJMGEXMSR JSV 'SRXEGX1SPHIH 6IMR
JSVGIH 8LIVQSWIXXMRK 4PEWXMG 684 0EQMREXIW JSV 'SVVSWMSR6IWMWXERX
)UYMTQIRX %781 ( 7XERHEVH 8IWX 1IXLSH JSV :ETSV 4VIWWYVI SJ 4IXVS
PIYQ 4VSHYGXW 6IMH 1IXLSH %27- & *EGXSV]1EHI ;VSYKLX &YXX[IPHMRK *MXXMRKW %781 ( 7XERHEVH 8IWX 1IXLSHW JSV 7YVJEGI ERH -RXIVJE
GMEP 8IRWMSR SJ 7SPYXMSRW SJ 7YVJEGI%GXMZI %KIRXW %27- & *SVKIH *MXXMRKW 7SGOIX;IPHMRK ERH 8LVIEHIH
%781 ) 7XERHEVH 8IWX 1IXLSH JSV 7YVJEGI &YVRMRK 'LEVEG
XIVMWXMGW SJ &YMPHMRK 1EXIVMEPW %27- & 'EWX &VSR^I 8LVIEHIH *MXXMRKW 6 -)))%781 7- %QIVMGER 2EXMSREP 7XERHEVH JSV 1IXVMG
4VEGXMGI %27- & 'EWX 'STTIV %PPS] 4MTI *PERKIW ERH *PERKIH *MX
XMRKW 6 %27- & &YXX[IPHMRK )RHW %;7 4YFPMGEXMSRW %QIVMGER ;IPHMRK 7SGMIX] 2;
0I.IYRI 6SEH 1MEQM *0 )HMXMSR
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FSEVH TVSHYGXMSR SJ PMWXIH IUYMTQIRX SV QEXIVMEPW SV TIVMSHMG IZEPY
EXMSR SJ WIVZMGIW ERH [LSWI PMWXMRK WXEXIW XLEX IMXLIV XLI IUYMT
QIRX QEXIVMEP SV WIVZMGI QIIXW ETTVSTVMEXI HIWMKREXIH WXER
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-13 4YFPMGEXMSRW -RXIVREXMSREP 1EVMXMQI 3VKERM^E
XMSR %PFIVX )QFEROQIRX 0SRHSR 7) 76
7LSYPH -RHMGEXIW E VIGSQQIRHEXMSR SV XLEX [LMGL MW
EHZMWIH FYX RSX VIUYMVIH
7EJIX] SJ 0MJI EX 7IE 730%7 6IKYPEXMSRW -- ERH 7XERHEVH %R 2*4% 7XERHEVH XLI QEMR XI\X SJ [LMGL GSR
XEMRW SRP] QERHEXSV] TVSZMWMSRW YWMRK XLI [SVH wWLEPPx XS MRHMGEXI
VIUYMVIQIRXW ERH XLEX MW MR E JSVQ KIRIVEPP] WYMXEFPI JSV QERHE
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PE[ 2SRQERHEXSV] TVSZMWMSRW EVI RSX XS FI GSRWMHIVIH E TEVX SJ
XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ E WXERHEVH ERH WLEPP FI PSGEXIH MR ER ETTIR
HM\ ERRI\ JSSXRSXI MRJSVQEXMSREP RSXI SV SXLIV QIERW EW TIV
QMXXIH MR XLI 2*4% 1ERYEPW SJ 7X]PI ;LIR YWIH MR E KIRIVMG
WIRWI WYGL EW MR XLI TLVEWI wWXERHEVHW HIZIPSTQIRX TVSGIWWx SV
wWXERHEVHW HIZIPSTQIRX EGXMZMXMIWx XLI XIVQ wWXERHEVHWx MRGPYHIW
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HEVHM^EXMSR GL HI PE :SMI'VIYWI '4 z ', +IRIZI
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1IVVMEQ;IFWXIVvW 'SPPIKMEXI (MGXMSREV] XL IHMXMSR 1IVVMEQ
;IFWXIV -RG 7TVMRKJMIPH 1% 6IJIVIRGIW JSV )\XVEGXW MR 1ERHEXSV] 7IGXMSRW
2*4% 7XERHEVH JSV 4SVXEFPI *MVI )\XMRKYMWLIVW IHMXMSR
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HIJMRIH MR XLMW GLETXIV SV [MXLMR ERSXLIV GLETXIV XLI] WLEPP
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SJJMGI SV MRHMZMHYEP VIWTSRWMFPI JSV IRJSVGMRK XLI VIUYMVI
QIRXW SJ E GSHI SV WXERHEVH SV JSV ETTVSZMRK IUYMTQIRX
QEXIVMEPW ER MRWXEPPEXMSR SV E TVSGIHYVI
0EFIPIH )UYMTQIRX SV QEXIVMEPW XS [LMGL LEW FIIR
EXXEGLIH E PEFIP W]QFSP SV SXLIV MHIRXMJ]MRK QEVO SJ ER SVKE
RM^EXMSR XLEX MW EGGITXEFPI XS XLI EYXLSVMX] LEZMRK NYVMWHMGXMSR
ERH GSRGIVRIH [MXL TVSHYGX IZEPYEXMSR XLEX QEMRXEMRW TIVM
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VMEPW ERH F] [LSWI PEFIPMRK XLI QERYJEGXYVIV MRHMGEXIW GSQ
TPMERGI [MXL ETTVSTVMEXI WXERHEVHW SV TIVJSVQERGI MR E
WTIGMJMIH QERRIV
0MWXIH )UYMTQIRX QEXIVMEPW SV WIVZMGIW MRGPYHIH MR E
PMWX TYFPMWLIH F] ER SVKERM^EXMSR XLEX MW EGGITXEFPI XS XLI EY
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+IRIVEP (IJMRMXMSRW
'SQFYWXMFPI 0MUYMH %R] PMUYMH XLEX LEW E GPSWIHGYT
JPEWL TSMRX EX SV EFSZI ”' ”* EW HIXIVQMRIH F] XLI
XIWX TVSGIHYVIW ERH ETTEVEXYW WIX JSVXL MR 7IGXMSR SJ
2*4% ? A
'PEWW -- 0MUYMH % PMUYMH XLEX LEW E GPSWIHGYT JPEWL
TSMRX EX SV EFSZI ”' ”* ERH FIPS[ ”' ”* ? A
'PEWW ---% 0MUYMH %R] 0MUYMH XLEX LEW E GPSWIHGYT
JPEWL TSMRX EX SV EFSZI ”' ”* FYX FIPS[ ”'
”* ? A
'PEWW ---& 0MUYMH %R] PMUYMH XLEX LEW E GPSWIHGYT
JPEWL TSMRX EX SV EFSZI ”' ”* ? A
'SRGIRXVEXMSR 8LI TIVGIRX SJ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI GSR
XEMRIH MR E JSEQ WSPYXMSR
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SV JSEQ[EXIV WSPYXMSR MR E TVIHIXIVQMRIH JM\IH SV EHNYWX
EFPI TEXXIVR
%MV%WTMVEXMRK (MWGLEVKI (IZMGIW (IZMGIW WTIGMEPP]
HIWMKRIH XS EWTMVEXI ERH QM\ EMV MRXS XLI JSEQ WSPYXMSR XS
KIRIVEXI JSEQ JSPPS[IH F] JSEQ HMWGLEVKI MR E WTIGMJMG
HIWMKR TEXXIVR
'SQTVIWWIH %MV *SEQ (MWGLEVKI (IZMGIW (IZMGIW
WTIGMJMGEPP] HIWMKRIH XS HMWGLEVKI GSQTVIWWIH EMV JSEQ MR E
TVIHIXIVQMRIH TEXXIVR
2SR%MV%WTMVEXMRK (MWGLEVKI (IZMGIW (IZMGIW HI
WMKRIH XS TVSZMHI E WTIGMJMG [EXIV HMWGLEVKI TEXXIVR
(MWGLEVKI 3YXPIX
*M\IH *SEQ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIX % HIZMGI TIVQERIRXP]
EXXEGLIH XS E XERO HMOI SV SXLIV GSRXEMRQIRX WXVYGXYVI
HIWMKRIH XS MRXVSHYGI JSEQ
8]TI - (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIX %R ETTVSZIH HMWGLEVKI
SYXPIX XLEX GSRHYGXW ERH HIPMZIVW JSEQ KIRXP] SRXS XLI PMU
YMH WYVJEGI [MXLSYX WYFQIVKIRGI SJ XLI JSEQ SV EKMXEXMSR
SJ XLI WYVJEGI
)HMXMSR
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WYVJEGI FYX MW HIWMKRIH XS PIWWIR WYFQIVKIRGI SJ XLI JSEQ
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GMTPI XS MRXVSHYGI E TVSTSVXMSREXI UYERXMX] SJ JSEQ GSRGIR
XVEXI MRXS E [EXIV WXVIEQ XLI TVIWWYVI EX XLI XLVSEX MW FIPS[
EXQSWTLIVMG TVIWWYVI ERH [MPP HVE[ MR PMUYMH JVSQ EXQS
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ZMGI XLEX QIXIVW JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI EX E JM\IH SV ZEVMEFPI
GSRGIRXVEXMSR MRXS XLI [EXIV WXVIEQ EX E TSMRX FIX[IIR XLI
[EXIV WSYVGI ERH E RS^^PI SV SXLIV HMWGLEVKI HIZMGI
%UYISYW *MPQ*SVQMRK *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI %*** %
GSRGIRXVEXI FEWIH SR JPYSVMREXIH WYVJEGXERXW TPYW JSEQ WXE
FMPM^IVW XS TVSHYGI E JPYMH EUYISYW JMPQ JSV WYTTVIWWMRK
L]HVSGEVFSR JYIP ZETSVW ERH YWYEPP] HMPYXIH [MXL [EXIV XS E
TIVGIRX TIVGIRX SV TIVGIRX WSPYXMSR
*MPQ*SVQMRK *PYSVSTVSXIMR *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI
***4 % TVSXIMRJSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI XLEX YWIW JPYSVMREXIH
WYVJEGXERXW XS TVSHYGI E JPYMH EUYISYW JMPQ JSV WYTTVIWWMRK
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SYW JMPQ SR L]HVSGEVFSR JYIPW
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JSEQ WSPYXMSR ZSPYQI
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*MPQ *SVQEXMSR % TVSTIVX] SJ EUYISYW JMPQJSVQMRK
JSEQW ERH JMPQJSVQMRK JPYSVSTVSXIMRW GLEVEGXIVM^IH F] E TSWM
XMZI " H]RIWGQ WTVIEHMRK GSIJJMGMIRX [LIR QIEWYVIH EG
GSVHMRK XS %781 ( YWMRK G]GPSLI\ERI EW XLI L]HVSGEVFSR
WYFWXVEXI ERH HMWXMPPIH [EXIV XS QEOI XLI JSEQ WSPYXMSR
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JSEQW LEZMRK JSEQXSWSPYXMSR ZSPYQI VEXMSW SJ XS ET
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MRK EHHMXMZIW ERH MRLMFMXSVW XS TVSXIGX EKEMRWX JVII^MRK XS TVI
ZIRX GSVVSWMSR SJ IUYMTQIRX ERH GSRXEMRIVW XS VIWMWX FEGXI
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? A
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GYT JPEWL TSMRX XLEX MW FIPS[ ”' ”* EW HIXIVQMRIH F]
XLI XIWX TVSGIHYVIW ERH ETTEVEXYW WIX JSVXL MR 7IGXMSR SJ
2*4% ERH E 6IMH ZETSV TVIWWYVI XLEX HSIW RSX I\GIIH ER
EFWSPYXI TVIWWYVI SJ O4E TWM EX ”' ”* EW
HIXIVQMRIH F] %781 ( 7XERHEVH 8IWX 1IXLSH JSV :ETSV 4VIW
WYVI SJ 4IXVSPIYQ 4VSHYGXW 6IMH 1IXLSH ? A
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JPEWL TSMRX FIPS[ ”' ”* ERH E FSMPMRK TSMRX FIPS[
”' ”* ? A
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JPEWL TSMRX FIPS[ ”' ”* ERH E FSMPMRK TSMRX EX SV
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'PEWW -' 0MUYMH %R] PMUYMH XLEX LEW E GPSWIHGYT
JPEWL TSMRX EX SV EFSZI ”' ”* FYX FIPS[ ”'
”* ? A
*SEQ % WXEFPI EKKVIKEXMSR SJ FYFFPIW SJ PS[IV HIR
WMX] XLER SMP SV [EXIV
'SQTVIWWIH %MV *SEQ '%* % LSQSKIRSYW JSEQ
TVSHYGIH F] XLI GSQFMREXMSR SJ [EXIV JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI
ERH EMV SV RMXVSKIR YRHIV TVIWWYVI
*SEQ 'LEQFIV 7II *M\IH *SEQ (MWGLEVKI
3YXPIX
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI % GSRGIRXVEXIH PMUYMH JSEQMRK
EKIRX EW VIGIMZIH JVSQ XLI QERYJEGXYVIV
%PGSLSP6IWMWXERX *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI % GSRGIRXVEXI
YWIH JSV JMKLXMRK JMVIW SR [EXIVWSPYFPI QEXIVMEPW ERH SXLIV
JYIPW HIWXVYGXMZI XS VIKYPEV %*** SV ***4 JSEQW EW [IPP EW
JSV JMVIW MRZSPZMRK L]HVSGEVFSRW
7]RXLIXMG *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 'SRGIRXVEXI FEWIH SR
JSEQMRK EKIRXW SXLIV XLER L]HVSP]^IH TVSXIMRW ERH MRGPYH
MRK EUYISYW JMPQJSVQMRK JSEQ %*** GSRGIRXVEXIW
QIHMYQ ERH LMKLI\TERWMSR JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW ERH
SXLIV W]RXLIXMG JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW
3XLIV 7]RXLIXMG *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI % GSRGIRXVEXI
FEWIH SR L]HVSGEVFSR WYVJEGI EGXMZI EKIRXW ERH PMWXIH EW E
[IXXMRK EKIRX JSEQMRK EKIRX SV FSXL
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 8]TI % GPEWWMJMGEXMSR SJ E JSEQ GSR
GIRXVEXI XLEX MRGPYHIW XLI GLIQMGEP GSQTSWMXMSR EW HIJMRIH
YRHIV JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WII MRGPYHMRK XLI YWI TIV
GIRXEKI XLI QMRMQYQ YWEFPI XIQTIVEXYVI ERH XLI JYIPW SR
[LMGL XLI GSRGIRXVEXI MW IJJIGXMZI
*SEQ +IRIVEXSVW
*SEQ +IRIVEXSVW { %WTMVEXSV 8]TI *SEQ KIRIVE
XSVW JM\IH SV TSVXEFPI MR [LMGL NIX WXVIEQW SJ JSEQ WSPYXMSR
EWTMVEXI WYJJMGMIRX EQSYRXW SJ EMV XLEX MW XLIR IRXVEMRIH SR XLI
WGVIIRW XS TVSHYGI JSEQ ERH [LMGL YWYEPP] TVSHYGI JSEQ
[MXL I\TERWMSR VEXMSW SJ RSX QSVI XLER *SEQ +IRIVEXSVW { &PS[IV 8]TI *SEQ KIRIVE
XSVW JM\IH SV TSVXEFPI MR [LMGL XLI JSEQ WSPYXMSR MW HMW
GLEVKIH EW E WTVE] SRXS WGVIIRW XLVSYKL [LMGL ER EMV
WXVIEQ HIZIPSTIH F] E JER SV FPS[IV MW TEWWMRK
*SEQ -RNIGXMSR
7IQMWYFWYVJEGI *SEQ -RNIGXMSR (MWGLEVKI SJ JSEQ
EX XLI PMUYMH WYVJEGI [MXLMR E WXSVEKI XERO JVSQ E JPSEXMRK LSWI
XLEX VMWIW JVSQ E TMTIH GSRXEMRIV RIEV XLI XERO FSXXSQ
7YFWYVJEGI *SEQ -RNIGXMSR (MWGLEVKI SJ JSEQ MRXS
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*SEQ 7SPYXMSR % LSQSKIRISYW QM\XYVI SJ [EXIV ERH
JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI MR XLI GSVVIGX TVSTSVXMSRW
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TPS]MRK GSQTVIWWIH EMV JSEQ HMWGLEVKI HIZMGIW SV LSWIW
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*M\IH 7]WXIQ % GSQTPIXI MRWXEPPEXMSR MR [LMGL
JSEQ MW TMTIH JVSQ E GIRXVEP JSEQ WXEXMSR HMWGLEVKMRK
XLVSYKL JM\IH HIPMZIV] SYXPIXW XS XLI LE^EVH XS FI TVSXIGXIH
[MXL TIVQERIRXP] MRWXEPPIH TYQTW [LIVI VIUYMVIH
1SFMPI 7]WXIQ %R] X]TI SJ JSEQTVSHYGMRK YRMX
XLEX MW QSYRXIH SR [LIIPW ERH XLEX MW WIPJTVSTIPPIH SV
XS[IH F] E ZILMGPI ERH GER FI GSRRIGXIH XS E [EXIV WYTTP]
SV GER YXMPM^I E TVIQM\IH JSEQ WSPYXMSR
4SVXEFPI 7]WXIQ *SEQTVSHYGMRK IUYMTQIRX
QEXIVMEPW LSWI ERH WS JSVXL XLEX EVI XVERWTSVXIH F] LERH
7IQMJM\IH 7]WXIQ % W]WXIQ MR [LMGL XLI LE^EVH MW
IUYMTTIH [MXL JM\IH HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW GSRRIGXIH XS TMTMRK
XLEX XIVQMREXIW EX E WEJI HMWXERGI
*SEQ+IRIVEXMRK 1IXLSHW 1IXLSHW SJ KIRIVEXMSR SJ
EMV JSEQ MRGPYHMRK LSWI WXVIEQ JSEQ RS^^PI ERH QIHMYQ
ERH LMKLI\TERWMSR KIRIVEXSVW JSEQ QEOIV TVIWWYVI JSEQ
QEOIV LMKL FEGO TVIWWYVI SV JSVGMRK X]TI SV JSEQ QSRMXSV
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QIXLSH SJ KIRIVEXMRK GSQTVIWWIH EMV JSEQ VIGSKRM^IH MR
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ZEPZI W XS FEPERGI JSEQ ERH [EXIV TVIWWYVIW EX E QSHMJMIH
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MR XLI JSEQ MRPIX WIGXMSR SJ XLI TVSTSVXMSRIV
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TVSTSVXMSRMRK W]WXIQ YXMPM^MRK E JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TYQT SV E
FPEHHIV XERO MR GSRNYRGXMSR [MXL E PMWXIH TVIWWYVI VIHYGMRK
ZEPZI %X EPP HIWMKR JPS[ VEXIW XLI GSRWXERX JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI
TVIWWYVI MW KVIEXIV XLER XLI QE\MQYQ [EXIV TVIWWYVI EX XLI
MRPIX XS XLI MRPMRI FEPERGIH TVIWWYVI TVSTSVXMSRIV % TVIWWYVI
FEPERGMRK ZEPZI MRXIKVEP XS XLI MRPMRI FEPERGIH TVIWWYVI TVS
TSVXMSRIV VIKYPEXIW XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TVIWWYVI XS FI FEP
ERGIH XS MRGSQMRK [EXIV TVIWWYVI
'SYTPIH ;EXIV1SXSV (VMZIR 4YQT 4VSTSVXMSRMRK %
GSVVIGXP] HIWMKRIH TSWMXMZI HMWTPEGIQIRX [EXIV QSXSV MR
XLI [EXIV WYTTP] PMRI GSYTPIH XS E TSWMXMZI HMWTPEGIQIRX
JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TYQT XS TVSZMHI TVSTSVXMSRMRK
(MVIGX -RNIGXMSR :EVMEFPI 4YQT 3YXTYX 4VSTSVXMSRMRK
% HMVIGX MRNIGXMSR TVSTSVXMSRMRK W]WXIQ XLEX YXMPM^IW JPS[
QIXIVW JSV JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI ERH [EXIV MR GSRNYRGXMSR [MXL
E ZEVMEFPI SYXTYX JSEQ TYQT GSRXVSP W]WXIQ
4VSTSVXMSRMRK 1IXLSHW JSV *SEQ 7]WXIQW 8LI QIXL
SHW SJ TVSTSVXMSRMRK YWIH XS GVIEXI XLI GSVVIGX WSPYXMSR SJ
[EXIV ERH JSEQ PMUYMH GSRGIRXVEXI
4YQT 4VSTSVXMSRIV %VSYRHXLI4YQT 4VSTSVXMSRIV % W]WXIQ XLEX YWIW E ZIRXYVM IHYGXSV MRWXEPPIH MR E F]TEWW
PMRI FIX[IIR XLI HMWGLEVKI ERH WYGXMSR WMHI SJ E [EXIV
TYQT ERH WYMXEFPI ZEVMEFPI SV JM\IH SVMJMGIW XS MRHYGX JSEQ
GSRGIRXVEXI JVSQ E XERO SV GSRXEMRIV MRXS XLI TYQT WYG
XMSR PMRI
7XVIEQ
,ERHPMRI % LSWI ERH RS^^PI XLEX GER FI LIPH ERH
HMVIGXIH F] LERH
*SEQ ,SWI 7XVIEQ % JSEQ WXVIEQ JVSQ E LERHPMRI
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WXVIEQ JVSQ E RS^^PI XLEX MW WYTTSVXIH MR TSWMXMSR ERH GER
FI HMVIGXIH F] SRI TIVWSR
1SRMXSV
*M\IH 1SRMXSV 'ERRSR % HIZMGI XLEX HIPMZIVW E
PEVKI JSEQ WXVIEQ ERH MW QSYRXIH SR E WXEXMSREV] WYTTSVX
XLEX IMXLIV MW IPIZEXIH SV MW EX KVEHI
7TVIEHMRK 'SIJJMGMIRX 8LI QIEWYVIQIRX SJ E JSEQ
WSPYXMSRvW TSXIRXMEP XS WTVIEH WTSRXERISYWP] EGVSWW E L]
HVSGEVFSR WYVJEGI
4SVXEFPI 1SRMXSV 'ERRSR % HIZMGI XLEX HIPMZIVW
E JSEQ QSRMXSV WXVIEQ ERH MW QSYRXIH SR E QSZEFPI WYT
TSVX SV [LIIPW WS MX GER FI XVERWTSVXIH XS XLI JMVI WGIRI
8ERO
2S^^PI
*SEQ 2S^^PI SV *M\IH *SEQ 1EOIV % WTIGMEPP] HI
WMKRIH LSWIPMRI RS^^PI SV JM\IH JSEQ QEOIV HIWMKRIH XS
EWTMVEXI EMV XLEX MW GSRRIGXIH XS E WYTTP] SJ JSEQ WSPYXMSR
7IPJ)HYGXMRK 2S^^PI % HIZMGI XLEX MRGSVTSVEXIW E
ZIRXYVM XS HVE[ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI XLVSYKL E WLSVX PIRKXL SJ
TMTI ERHSV JPI\MFPI XYFMRK GSRRIGXIH XS XLI JSEQ WYTTP]
4VIWWYVI *SEQ 1EOIV ,MKL &EGO 4VIWWYVI SV *SVGMRK
8]TI % JSEQ QEOIV YXMPM^MRK XLI :IRXYVM TVMRGMTPI JSV EWTM
VEXMRK EMV MRXS E WXVIEQ SJ JSEQ WSPYXMSR JSVQW JSEQ YRHIV
TVIWWYVI
4VSTSVXMSRMRK 8LI GSRXMRYSYW MRXVSHYGXMSR SJ JSEQ
GSRGIRXVEXI EX XLI VIGSQQIRHIH VEXMS MRXS XLI [EXIV WXVIEQ
XS JSVQ JSEQ WSPYXMSR
&EPERGIH 4VIWWYVI &PEHHIV 8ERO % JSEQ GSRGIR
XVEXI XERO JMXXIH [MXL ER MRXIVREP FPEHHIV XLEX YWIW [EXIV
JPS[ XLVSYKL E QSHMJMIH ZIRXYVMX]TI TVSTSVXMSRIV XS GSR
XVSP XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI MRNIGXMSR VEXI F] HMWTPEGMRK XLI
JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI [MXLMR XLI FPEHHIV [MXL [EXIV SYXWMHI XLI
FPEHHIV
4VIWWYVI 4VSTSVXMSRMRK 8ERO % JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI
XERO [MXL RS FPEHHIV XLEX YWIW [EXIVJPS[ XLVSYKL ER SVMJMGI
XS HMWTPEGI E JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXILEZMRK E WTIGMJMG KVEZMX] SJ
EX PIEWX MR XLI XERO [MXL [EXIV XS EHH JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI
XLVSYKL ER SVMJMGI MRXS E [EXIV PMRI EX E WTIGMJMIH VEXI
'LETXIV 7]WXIQ 'SQTSRIRXW ERH 7]WXIQ 8]TIW
+IRIVEP 8LMW GLETXIV WLEPP TVSZMHI VIUYMVIQIRXW JSV XLI
GSVVIGX YWI SJ JSEQ W]WXIQ GSQTSRIRXW
%PP GSQTSRIRXW WLEPP FI PMWXIH JSV XLIMV MRXIRHIH YWI
)HMXMSR
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03; 1)(-91 %2( ,-+,)<4%27-32 *3%1
;LIVI PMWXMRKW JSV GSQTSRIRXW HS RSX I\MWX GSQTS
RIRXW WLEPP FI ETTVSZIH
8LI PMQMXEXMSRW SJ XLI PMWXMRK ERH XLI QERYJEGXYVIVWv
WTIGMJMGEXMSRW WLEPP FI JSPPS[IH
;EXIV 7YTTPMIW
%GGITXEFPI VERKIW JSV XLI JSPPS[MRK TL]WMSGLIQMGEP
TVSTIVXMIW SJ XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WLEPP FI TYFPMWLIH EW TEVX
SJ XLI PMWXMRK XS HIXIVQMRI GSQTPMERGI [MXL ;EXIV 7YTTPMIW -RGPYHMRK 4VIQM\IH 7SPYXMSR
5YEPMX]
8LI [EXIV WYTTP] XS JSEQ W]WXIQW WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH
XS FI LEVH SV WSJX JVIWL SV WEPX FYX WLEPP FI SJ E UYEPMX] WYGL
XLEX EHZIVWI IJJIGXW SR JSEQ JSVQEXMSR SV JSEQ WXEFMPMX] HS RSX
SGGYV
2S GSVVSWMSR MRLMFMXSVW IQYPWMSR FVIEOMRK GLIQM
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WYPXEXMSR [MXL XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WYTTPMIV
5YERXMX] 8LI [EXIV WYTTP] WLEPP FI SJ E UYERXMX] XS
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8LMW UYERXMX] WLEPP MRGPYHI RSX SRP] XLI ZSPYQI VI
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4VIWWYVI 8LI TVIWWYVI EX XLI MRPIX XS XLI JSEQ W]WXIQ
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GSRHMXMSRW WLEPP FI EX PIEWX XLI QMRMQYQ TVIWWYVI JSV [LMGL
XLI W]WXIQ LEW FIIR HIWMKRIH
8IQTIVEXYVI 3TXMQYQ JSEQ TVSHYGXMSR WLEPP FI SF
XEMRIH F] YWMRK [EXIV EX XIQTIVEXYVIW FIX[IIR ”' ”* ERH
”' ”* (IRWMX] SV WTIGMJMG KVEZMX]
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IPW WLEPP FI SRI SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK X]TIW
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*PYSVSTVSXIMR
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*MPQJSVQMRK JPYSVSTVSXIMR ***4
%PGSLSPVIWMWXERX
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1IHMYQI\TERWMSR
3XLIVW PMWXIH JSV XLMW TYVTSWI
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PMUYMHW WLEPP FI TVSXIGXIH F] EPGSLSPVIWMWXERX GSRGIRXVEXIW
PMWXIH JSV XLMW TYVTSWI
'SRGIRXVEXI 7XSVEKI
7XSVEKI *EGMPMXMIW
*SEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW ERH IUYMTQIRX WLEPP FI WXSVIH
MR E PSGEXMSR RSX I\TSWIH XS XLI LE^EVH XLI] TVSXIGX
-J LSYWIH JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW ERH IUYMTQIRX WLEPP
FI MR E RSRGSQFYWXMFPI WXVYGXYVI
(IWMKR 8LI [EXIV WYTTP] W]WXIQ WLEPP FI HIWMKRIH ERH
MRWXEPPIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL 2*4% *SV SYXHSSV RSREYXSQEXMG W]WXIQW XLI %,. WLEPP FI
TIVQMXXIH XS ETTVSZI XLI WXSVEKI SJ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI MR E PSGE
XMSR SJJ TVIQMWIW [LIVI XLIWI WYTTPMIW EVI EZEMPEFPI EX EPP XMQIW
7XVEMRIVW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH [LIVI WSPMHW SJ E WM^I
PEVKI IRSYKL XS SFWXVYGX STIRMRKW SV HEQEKI IUYMTQIRX EVI
TVIWIRX
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GIRXVEXIW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH
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IUYMTQIRX WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH MR XLI VIUYMVIH RYQFIV
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XYVIW EVI I\TIGXIH
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JSV YWI MR XLI W]WXIQW SJ XLI KMZIR MRWXEPPEXMSR
%X XLI XMQI SJ E JMVI XLIWI SJJTVIQMWIW WYTTPMIW
WLEPP FI EGGYQYPEXIH MR XLI VIUYMVIH UYERXMXMIW FIJSVI XLI
IUYMTQIRX MW TPEGIH MR STIVEXMSR XS IRWYVI YRMRXIVVYTXIH
JSEQ TVSHYGXMSR EX XLI HIWMKR VEXI JSV XLI VIUYMVIH TIVMSH SJ
XMQI
;EXIV ERH *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 4YQTW
5YERXMX] 8LI EQSYRX SJ GSRGIRXVEXI WLEPP QIIX XLI
HMWGLEVKI VIUYMVIQIRXW JSV XLI PEVKIWX WMRKPI LE^EVH TVSXIGXIH
SV KVSYT SJ LE^EVHW XLEX EVI XS FI TVSXIGXIH WMQYPXERISYWP]
;LIR [EXIV SV JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TYQTW EVI VIUYMVIH
JSV EYXSQEXMG JSEQ W]WXIQ STIVEXMSR XLI] WLEPP FI HIWMKRIH
ERH MRWXEPPIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL 2*4% *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 7XSVEKI 8EROW
'SRXVSPPIVW MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL 2*4% WLEPP RSX FI
VIUYMVIH JSV QERYEP W]WXIQW
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXIW
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FI PMRIH [MXL QEXIVMEPW GSQTEXMFPI [MXL XLI GSRGIRXVEXI
8LI WXSVEKI XERO WLEPP FI HIWMKRIH XS QMRMQM^I
IZETSVEXMSR SJ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI
*SEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WLEPP FI PMWXIH
4VSTSVXMSRMRK W]WXIQW WLEPP LEZI WMKREKI XS TVSZMHI
MRWXVYGXMSR SR XLI TVSTIV WIUYIRGI SJ W]WXIQ WLYXHS[R XS TVI
ZIRX EGGMHIRXEP PSWW SJ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI ERHSV W]WXIQ HEQEKI
8LI GSRGIRXVEXI YWIH MR E JSEQ W]WXIQ WLEPP FI PMWXIH
JSV YWI SR XLI WTIGMJMG JPEQQEFPI SV GSQFYWXMFPI PMUYMH XS FI
TVSXIGXIH
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FI PSGEXIH E QMRMQYQ SJ QQ MR EFSZI XLI FSXXSQ SJ
XLI XERO
8]TIW SJ *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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7=78)1 '31432)287 %2( 7=78)1 8=4)7
*SEQ GSRGIRXVEXI FIPS[ XLI PIZIP SJ XLI WYGXMSR
MRPIX WLEPP RSX FI GSRWMHIVIH YWEFPI
7XSVEKI 'SRHMXMSRW
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JSEQTVSHYGMRK W]WXIQ XLI GLIQMGEP ERH TL]WMGEP GLEVEGXIV
MWXMGW SJ XLI QEXIVMEPW GSQTVMWMRK XLI W]WXIQ WLEPP FI XEOIR MRXS
GSRWMHIVEXMSR MR HIWMKR
*SEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW WLEPP FI WXSVIH [MXLMR XLI PMWXIH
XIQTIVEXYVI PMQMXEXMSRW
1EVOMRKW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH SR WXSVEKI ZIWWIPW XS
MHIRXMJ] XLI X]TI SJ GSRGIRXVEXI ERH MXW MRXIRHIH GSRGIRXVE
XMSR MR WSPYXMSR
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 7YTTP]
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 'SRWYQTXMSR 6EXIW 8LI GSR
WYQTXMSR VEXIW WLEPP FI FEWIH SR XLI TIVGIRXEKI GSRGIRXVEXI
YWIH MR XLI W]WXIQ HIWMKR IK TIVGIRX SV TIVGIRX SV
SXLIV MJ WS PMWXIH SV ETTVSZIH F] XLI %,. 6IWIVZI 7YTTP] SJ *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI
8LIVI WLEPP FI E VIWIVZI WYTTP] SJ JSEQ GSRGIR
XVEXI XS QIIX HIWMKR VIUYMVIQIRXW MR SVHIV XS TYX XLI W]WXIQ
FEGO MRXS WIVZMGI EJXIV STIVEXMSR
8LI VIWIVZI WYTTP] WLEPP FI MR WITEVEXI XEROW SV
GSQTEVXQIRXW MR HVYQW SV GERW SR XLI TVIQMWIW SV WLEPP FI
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LSYVW
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GSQQMWWMSR XLI W]WXIQ WYGL EW FSXXPIW SJ RMXVSKIR SV GEVFSR
HMS\MHI JSV TVIQM\IH W]WXIQW EPWS WLEPP FI EFPI XS FI WIGYVIH
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8LI TVSTSVXMSRMRK W]WXIQ WLEPP QIIX XLI PMWXIH QMRM
QYQ JPS[ VEXI FEWIH SR XLI QMRMQYQ ERH QE\MQYQ W]WXIQ
HMWGLEVKI JPS[ VEXI
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 4YQTW
8LI HIWMKR ERH QEXIVMEPW SJ GSRWXVYGXMSR JSV JSEQ GSR
GIRXVEXI TYQTW WLEPP FI MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL 2*4% 7TIGMEP EXXIRXMSR WLEPP FI TEMH XS XLI X]TI SJ WIEP SV
TEGOMRK YWIH 7IEPW SV TEGOMRK YWIH WLEPP FI GSQTEXMFPI [MXL
XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI
% JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TYQT WLEPP LEZI XLI GETEGMX] XS
QIIX XLI QE\MQYQ W]WXIQ HIQERH
8S IRWYVI TSWMXMZI MRNIGXMSR SJ GSRGIRXVEXIW XLI HMW
GLEVKI TVIWWYVI VEXMRKW SJ TYQTW EX XLI HIWMKR HMWGLEVKI GE
TEGMX] WLEPP FI MR I\GIWW SJ XLI QE\MQYQ [EXIV TVIWWYVI YRHIV
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4MTMRK
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 4MTI 1EXIVMEPW
*SEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TMTI ERH ZEPZIW WLEPP FI QEHI SJ
SRI SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK QEXIVMEPW
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4MTI GEVV]MRK JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WLEPP RSX FI KEPZERM^IH
*SEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TMTI WLEPP GSRJSVQ XS SRI SJ XLI
JSPPS[MRK WXERHEVHW
(MJJIVIRX X]TIW SJ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW WLEPP RSX FI
QM\IH JSV WXSVEKI
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XVEXIW WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI ETTPMIH XS E JMVI MR WIUYIRGI SV
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7IPIGXMSR SJ TMTI [EPP XLMGORIWW WLEPP GSRJSVQ XS SRI
SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK
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*SV XLI TYVTSWI SJ GSQTYXMRK JVMGXMSR PSWW MR XLI
JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TMTMRK XLI JSPPS[MRK WLEPP FI YWIH
'SQTEXMFMPMX] SJ *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXIW
8LI QERYJEGXYVIVW SJ XLI HV] GLIQMGEP ERH JSEQ GSR
GIRXVEXI XS FI YWIH MR XLI W]WXIQ WLEPP GSRJMVQ XLEX XLIMV TVSH
YGXW EVI QYXYEPP] GSQTEXMFPI
;LIVI YWIH PMQMXEXMSRW MQTSWIH SR IMXLIV SJ XLI
EKIRXW EPSRI WLEPP FI ETTPMIH
*SEQ 4VSTSVXMSRMRK 8LI QIXLSH SJ JSEQ TVSTSVXMSRMRK
WLEPP GSRJSVQ XS SRI SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK
7IPJIHYGXMRK RS^^PI
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4VIWWYVI TVSTSVXMSRIVW [MXL SV [MXLSYX FPEHHIV
%VSYRHXLITYQT TVSTSVXMSRIVW
(MVIGX MRNIGXMSR ZEVMEFPI SYXTYX JSEQ TYQT W]WXIQ
'SYTPIH [EXIVQSXSV HVMZIR TYQT TVSTSVXMSRIV
&EPERGIH TVIWWYVI TYQTX]TI TVSTSVXMSRIVW
%781 %
%781 &
%781 &
3XLIV WXERHEVHW EW EPPS[IH F] ERH 7GLIHYPI %71) &
(EVG];IMWFEGL JSVQYPE JSV 2I[XSRMER JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW
1ERYJEGXYVIVWv JVMGXMSR PSWW HEXE JSV EPGSLSPVIWMWXERX
RSR2I[XSRMER JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW
*PYWLMRK ERH HVEMREKI ZEPZIWGSRRIGXMSRW JSV HV] JSEQ
GSRGIRXVEXI TMTMRK WLEPP FI MRWXEPPIH MR XLI WXERHF] GSRHMXMSR
(V] JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TMTMRK WLEPP FI TMXGLIH E QMRM
QYQ SJ QQQ
MR SZIV JX XS EPPS[ JSV HVEMREKI
*SEQ 7SPYXMSR 4MTI 1EXIVMEPW
*SEQ WSPYXMSR TMTI WLEPP FI QEHI SJ SRI SJ XLI JSP
PS[MRK QEXIVMEPW
+EPZERM^IH WXIIP
7XEMRPIWW WXIIP
)HMXMSR
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
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03; 1)(-91 %2( ,-+,)<4%27-32 *3%1
-RXIVREPI\XIVREP GSVVSWMSRVIWMWXERX TMTI MR EGGSVHERGI
[MXL XLI JSEQ QERYJEGXYVIVvW WTIGMJMGEXMSR JSV GSQTEX
MFMPMX] ERH EGGITXEFPI XS XLI EYXLSVMX] LEZMRK NYVMWHMGXMSR
9RTVSXIGXIH GEVFSR WXIIP TMTI [LIR XLI HMWGLEVKI HI
ZMGIW EVI GPSWIH XS XLI EXQSWTLIVI
;LIVI I\TSWIH XS GSVVSWMZI MRJPYIRGIW XLI TMTMRK
WLEPP FI GSVVSWMSR VIWMWXERX SV TVSXIGXIH EKEMRWX GSVVSWMSR
4MTI [MXLMR XLI LE^EVH EVIE WLEPP FI VEXIH JSV XLI
TVIWWYVI ERH XIQTIVEXYVI MRZSPZIH
4MTI [MXLMR XLI LE^EVH EVIE WLEPP FI EFPI XS [MXLWXERH
XLI ERXMGMTEXIH I\TSWYVI XS JMVI
2SRQIXEPPMG JSEQ WSPYXMSR TMTMRK WLEPP FI PMWXIH JSV
XLI MRXIRHIH ETTPMGEXMSR
1IXEPPMG JSEQ WSPYXMSR TMTI WLEPP RSX FI PIWW XLER WXER
HEVH [IMKLX
*SEQ WSPYXMSR TMTI WLEPP GSRJSVQ XS SRI SJ XLI JSP
PS[MRK WXERHEVHW
%781 %
%781 %
%781 %
3XLIV WXERHEVHW EW EPPS[IH MR 9RHIVKVSYRH JSEQ WSPYXMSR TMTI WLEPP FI MR EGGSV
HERGI [MXL 2*4% *SV XLI TYVTSWI SJ GSQTYXMRK JVMGXMSR PSWW MR JSEQ
WSPYXMSR TMTMRK XLI JSPPS[MRK 'ZEPYIW WLEPP FI YWIH JSV XLI
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HEVH GPEWW [IMKLX
*SEQ WSPYXMSR JMXXMRKW WLEPP FI MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL
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4VIGEYXMSRW WLEPP FI XEOIR XS IRWYVI XLEX XLI STIR
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*SEQ 7SPYXMSR *MXXMRKW
4VIGEYXMSRW WLEPP FI XEOIR XS IRWYVI XLEX RS KEP
ZERMG GSVVSWMSR SGGYVW FIX[IIR TMTMRK ERH JMXXMRKW
7XVEMRIVW
*SEQ WSPYXMSR JMXXMRKW WLEPP FI SRI SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK
7XVEMRIVW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH [LIVI WSPMHW SJ E WM^I PEVKI
IRSYKL XS SFWXVYGX STIRMRKW SV HEQEKI IUYMTQIRX EVI TVIWIRX
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7XEMRPIWW WXIIP
8LI VEXMS SJ XLI WXVEMRIVvW STIR FEWOIX EVIE XS MXW MRPIX
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8LI RIX STIR EVIE SJ XLI WXVEMRIV WLEPP FI EX PIEWX
JSYV XMQIW XLI EVIE SJ XLI WYGXMSR TMTMRK
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EXMRK XMQI WLEPP FI ETTVSZIH F] XLI %,.
7XVEMRIV QIWL WM^I WLEPP FI MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL XLI
TYQT QERYJEGXYVIVvW VIGSQQIRHEXMSRW
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GSRHMXMSR WLEPP VIQEMR YRXMP QERYEPP] VIWIX
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%PP ZEPZIW JSV [EXIV ERH JSEQ WSPYXMSR PMRIW WLEPP FI SJ
XLI MRHMGEXSV X]TI WYGL EW 37 = SV TSWX MRHMGEXSV
8LI HIXIGXMSR W]WXIQ WLEPP EGXMZEXI E PSGEP EPEVQ EW
[IPP EW ER EPEVQ EX E GSRWXERXP] EXXIRHIH PSGEXMSR
%YXSQEXMG ZEPZIW JSV JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI PMRIW WLEPP FI
PMWXIH JSV XLMW WIVZMGI
8LI HIXIGXMSR W]WXIQvW EPEVQW EPWS WLEPP FI EGXYEXIH
[LIR XLI W]WXIQ MW STIVEXIH QERYEPP]
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FI WYTIVZMWIH MR XLIMV STIVEXMRK TSWMXMSR F] SRI SJ XLI JSPPS[
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MPMEV] IPIGXVMG IUYMTQIRX MJ MR LE^EVHSYW EVIEW WLEPP FI HI
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QEXMSR JSV XLI YWI SJ PS[I\TERWMSR JSEQ XS TVSXIGX SYXHSSV
WXSVEKI XEROW MRXIVMSV JPEQQEFPI PMUYMH LE^EVHW PSEHMRK
VEGOW HMOIH EVIEW ERH RSRHMOIH WTMPP EVIEW
3YXHSSV *M\IH 6SSJ 'SRI 8EROW 8LI JSPPS[MRK QIXL
SHW JSV TVSXIGXMRK I\XIVMSV JM\IHVSSJ XEROW WLEPP FI MRGPYHIH
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*SEQ QSRMXSVW ERH LERHPMRIW
7YVJEGI ETTPMGEXMSR [MXL JM\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW
7YFWYVJEGI ETTPMGEXMSR
7IQMWYFWYVJEGI MRNIGXMSR QIXLSHW
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ZMHIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW JSYRH MR 7IG
XMSR &EWMW SJ (IWMKR 7]WXIQ HIWMKR WLEPP FI FEWIH SR TVS
XIGXMRK XLI XERO VIUYMVMRK XLI PEVKIWX JSEQ WSPYXMSR JPS[ MR
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1SRMXSV RS^^PIW WLEPP RSX FI YWIH EW XLI TVMQEV]
QIERW SJ TVSXIGXMSR JSV JM\IHVSSJ XEROW SZIV Q JX MR
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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*SEQ LERHPMRIW WLEPP RSX FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI YWIH EW
XLI TVMQEV] QIERW SJ TVSXIGXMSR JSV JM\IHVSSJ XEROW SZIV Q
JX MR HMEQIXIV SV XLSWI SZIV Q JX MR LIMKLX
(IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV 7YVJEGI %TTPMGEXMSR [MXL *M\IH *SEQ
(MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW
*SEQ %TTPMGEXMSR 6EXIW
*SV XLI TVSXIGXMSR SJ E JPEQQEFPI PMUYMH GSRXEMRIH
MR E ZIVXMGEP JM\IHVSSJ GSRI EXQSWTLIVMG WXSVEKI XERO HMW
GLEVKI SYXPIXW WLEPP FI EXXEGLIH XS XLI XERO
8S HIXIVQMRI EGXYEP WSPYXMSR JPS[ VIUYMVIQIRXW
GSRWMHIVEXMSR WLEPP FI KMZIR XS TSXIRXMEP JSEQ PSWWIW JVSQ
[MRH ERH SXLIV JEGXSVW WLEPP FI MRGPYHIH MR XLI GEPGYPEXMSRW
8LI HIWMKR TEVEQIXIVW JSV XLI YWI SJ QSRMXSVW ERH
LERHPMRI RS^^PIW XS TVSXIGX XEROW GSRXEMRMRK L]HVSGEVFSRW
WLEPP FI MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL 8EFPI 8EROW 'SRXEMRMRK *PEQQEFPI ERH 'SQFYWXMFPI 0MU
YMHW 6IUYMVMRK %PGSLSP6IWMWXERX *SEQW
;EXIVWSPYFPI ERH GIVXEMR JPEQQEFPI ERH GSQFYW
XMFPI PMUYMHW ERH TSPEV WSPZIRXW XLEX EVI HIWXVYGXMZI XS VIKYPEV
RSREPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQW WLEPP YWI EPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQW
*SV PMUYMHW SJ E HITXL KVIEXIV XLER QQ MR QSRMXSV ERH JSEQ LSWI WXVIEQW WLEPP FI PMQMXIH JSV YWI [MXL
WTIGMEP EPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQW PMWXIH ERHSV ETTVSZIH JSV XLI
TYVTSWI
-R EPP GEWIW XLI QERYJEGXYVIV SJ XLI JSEQ GSRGIR
XVEXI ERH XLI JSEQQEOMRK IUYMTQIRX WLEPP FI GSRWYPXIH EW XS
PMQMXEXMSRW ERH JSV VIGSQQIRHEXMSRW FEWIH SR PMWXMRKW SV WTI
GMJMG JMVI XIWXW
(IWMKR 4EVEQIXIVW ;LIVI QSRMXSVW ERH LERHPMRI
RS^^PIW EVI YWIH XS TVSXIGX XEROW GSRXEMRMRK JPEQQEFPI ERH
GSQFYWXMFPI PMUYMHW VIUYMVMRK EPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQW XLI ST
IVEXMSR XMQI WLEPP FI QMRYXIW EX PMWXIH ETTPMGEXMSR VEXIW
YRPIWW XLI JSEQ QERYJEGXYVIV LEW IWXEFPMWLIH F] JMVI XIWX XLEX
E WLSVXIV XMQI WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH
*M\IH *SEQ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW
;LIVI X[S SV QSVI HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW EVI VIUYMVIH
XLI SYXPIXW WLEPP FI WTEGIH IUYEPP] EVSYRH XLI XERO TIVMTLIV]
7YGL SYXPIXW WLEPP FI MRHMZMHYEPP] TMTIH ERH WITE
VEXIP] ZEPZIH JSV MWSPEXMSR SYXWMHI XLI HMOI EVIE MR EGGSVHERGI
[MXL )EGL SYXPIX WLEPP FI WM^IH XS HIPMZIV JSEQ EX XLI
QMRMQYQ ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI SV LMKLIV
*M\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW WLEPP FI EXXEGLIH EX
XLI XST SJ XLI WLIPP ERH WLEPP FI PSGEXIH SV GSRRIGXIH XS TVI
GPYHI XLI TSWWMFMPMX] SJ XLI XERO GSRXIRXW SZIVJPS[MRK MRXS XLI
JSEQ PMRIW
*M\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW WLEPP FI EXXEGLIH WS
XLEX HMWTPEGIQIRX SJ XLI VSSJ [MPP RSX WYFNIGX XLIQ XS HEQEKI
*M\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH [MXL
WIEP JVERKMFPI YRHIV PS[ TVIWWYVI XS TVIZIRX IRXVERGI SJ ZE
TSVW MRXS JSEQ SYXPIXW ERH TMTIPMRIW
*M\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH [MXL
MRWTIGXMSR QIERW XS EPPS[ QEMRXIRERGI ERH JSV MRWTIGXMSR
ERH VITPEGIQIRX SJ ZETSV WIEPW
(IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV 8EROW 'SRXEMRMRK ,]HVSGEVFSRW
*M\IHVSSJ GSRI XEROW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH [MXL
ETTVSZIH JM\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW EW MRHMGEXIH MR
8EFPI 8EFPI *SEQ ,ERHPMRI ERH 1SRMXSV 4VSXIGXMSR JSV *M\IH6SSJ 7XSVEKI 8EROW
'SRXEMRMRK ,]HVSGEVFSRW
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8MQI QMRYXIW
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LIEXIH EFSZI XLIMV JPEWL TSMRXW
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EXIH EHHMXMZIW F] ZSPYQI ;LIVI S\]KIREXIH EHHMXMZIW GSRXIRX I\GIIHW TIVGIRX F] ZSPYQI TVSXIGXMSR MW
RSVQEPP] MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL 'IVXEMR RSREPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQW QMKLX FI WYMXEFPI JSV YWI [MXL JYIPW
GSRXEMRMRK S\]KIREXIH EHHMXMZIW SJ QSVI XLER TIVGIRX F] ZSPYQI 8LI QERYJEGXYVIV WLSYPH FI GSRWYPXIH
JSV WTIGMJMG PMWXMRKW SV ETTVSZEPW
*PEQQEFPI PMUYMHW LEZMRK E FSMPMRK TSMRX SJ PIWW XLER ”' ”* QMKLX VIUYMVI LMKLIV VEXIW SJ
ETTPMGEXMSR 7YMXEFPI VEXIW SJ ETTPMGEXMSR WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH F] XIWX *PEQQEFPI PMUYMHW [MXL E [MHI VERKI
SJ FSMPMRK TSMRXW QMKLX HIZIPST E LIEX PE]IV EJXIV TVSPSRKIH FYVRMRK ERH XLIR GER VIUYMVI ETTPMGEXMSR VEXIW
SJ 0QMR › Q KTQJX SV QSVI
'EVI WLSYPH FI XEOIR MR ETTP]MRK TSVXEFPI JSEQ WXVIEQW XS LMKLZMWGSWMX] QEXIVMEPW LIEXIH EFSZI ”'
”* +SSH NYHKQIRX WLSYPH FI YWIH MR ETTP]MRK JSEQ XS XEROW GSRXEMRMRK LSX SMPW FYVRMRK EWTLEPXW SV
FYVRMRK PMUYMHW XLEX LEZI E FSMPMRK TSMRX EFSZI XLI FSMPMRK TSMRX SJ [EXIV %PXLSYKL XLI GSQTEVEXMZIP] PS[
[EXIV GSRXIRX SJ JSEQW GER FIRIJMGMEPP] GSSP WYGL JYIPW EX E WPS[ VEXI MX GER EPWS GEYWI ZMSPIRX JVSXLMRK ERH
wWPSTSZIVx SJ XLI XEROvW GSRXIRXW
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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(IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV 8EROW 'SRXEMRMRK *PEQQEFPI ERH
'SQFYWXMFPI 0MUYMHW 6IUYMVMRK %PGSLSP6IWMWXERX *SEQW
8EFPI 2YQFIV SJ *M\IH *SEQ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW
JSV *M\IH6SSJ 8EROW 'SRXEMRMRK ,]HVSGEVFSRW SV
*PEQQEFPI ERH 'SQFYWXMFPI 0MUYMHW 6IUYMVMRK
%PGSLSP6IWMWXERX *SEQW
;EXIVWSPYFPI ERH GIVXEMR JPEQQEFPI ERH GSQFYW
XMFPI PMUYMHW ERH TSPEV WSPZIRXW XLEX EVI HIWXVYGXMZI XS
RSREPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQW WLEPP VIUYMVI XLI YWI SJ EPGSLSP
VIWMWXERX JSEQW
1MRMQYQ
2YQFIV
SJ (MWGLEVKI
3YXPIXW
8ERO (MEQIXIV
SV )UYMZEPIRX %VIE
Q
JX
9T XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV 9T XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV 4PYW SYXPIX JSV
IEGL EHHMXMSREP
Q JX
-R EPP GEWIW XLI QERYJEGXYVIVW SJ XLI JSEQ GSRGIR
XVEXI ERH XLI JSEQQEOMRK IUYMTQIRX WLEPP FI GSRWYPXIH EW XS
PMQMXEXMSRW ERH JSV VIGSQQIRHEXMSRW FEWIH SR PMWXMRKW SV WTI
GMJMG JMVI XIWXW
*M\IHVSSJ GSRI XEROW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH [MXL
ETTVSZIH JM\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW EW MRHMGEXIH MR
8EFPI 1MRMQYQ (MWGLEVKI 8MQIW ERH %TTPMGEXMSR 6EXIW
1MRMQYQ HMWGLEVKI XMQIW ERH ETTPMGEXMSR VEXIW JSV JM\IHVSSJ
GSRI XEROW GSRXEMRMRK JPEQQEFPI ERH GSQFYWXMFPI PMUYMHW
VIUYMVMRK EPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQW WLEPP FI MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL
8EFPI (IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV 7YFWYVJEGI %TTPMGEXMSR
1MRMQYQ (MWGLEVKI 8MQIW ERH %TTPMGEXMSR 6EXIW
;LIVI JM\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW EVI YWIH JSV JM\IHVSSJ
GSRI XEROW GSRXEMRMRK L]HVSGEVFSRW XLI QMRMQYQ HMW
GLEVKI XMQIW ERH ETTPMGEXMSR VEXIW WLEPP FI MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL
8EFPI -J XLI ETTEVEXYW EZEMPEFPI LEW E HIPMZIV] VEXI LMKLIV
XLER 0QMR›Q KTQJX E TVSTSVXMSREXI VIHYGXMSR
MR XLI XMQI JMKYVI WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI QEHI TVSZMHIH XLEX
XLI XMQI MW RSX PIWW XLER TIVGIRX SJ XLI QMRMQYQ HMWGLEVKI
XMQIW WLS[R
7YFWYVJEGI JSEQ MRNIGXMSR W]WXIQW WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH
JSV TVSXIGXMSR SJ PMUYMH L]HVSGEVFSRW MR ZIVXMGEP JM\IHVSSJ EX
QSWTLIVMG WXSVEKI XEROW
7YFWYVJEGI MRNIGXMSR W]WXIQW WLEPP RSX FI YWIH JSV
TVSXIGXMSR SJ 'PEWW -% L]HVSGEVFSR PMUYMHW SV JSV XLI TVSXIG
XMSR SJ EPGSLSPW IWXIVW OIXSRIW EPHIL]HIW ERL]HVMHIW SV
SXLIV TVSHYGXW VIUYMVMRK XLI YWI SJ EPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQW
*SEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW ERH IUYMTQIRX JSV WYFWYVJEGI
MRNIGXMSR WLEPP FI PMWXIH JSV XLMW TYVTSWI
*PYSVSTVSXIMR JSEQ %*** ERH ***4 JSV WYFWYVJEGI
MRNIGXMSR WLEPP LEZI I\TERWMSR VEXMSW FIX[IIR ERH 8EFPI 1MRMQYQ (MWGLEVKI 8MQIW ERH %TTPMGEXMSR 6EXIW JSV 8]TI -- *M\IH *SEQ
(MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW SR *M\IH6SSJ 'SRI 7XSVEKI 8EROW 'SRXEMRMRK ,]HVSGEVFSRW
1MRMQYQ %TTPMGEXMSR 6EXI
,]HVSGEVFSR 8]TI
0QMR › Q
KTQJX
1MRMQYQ (MWGLEVKI
8MQI QMRYXIW
*PEWL TSMRX FIX[IIR ”' ERH
”' ”* ERH ”*
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”* SV PMUYMHW LIEXIH
EFSZI XLIMV JPEWL TSMRXW
'VYHI TIXVSPIYQ
2SXIW
-RGPYHIH MR XLMW XEFPI EVI KEWSLSPW ERH YRPIEHIH KEWSPMRIW GSRXEMRMRK RS QSVI XLER TIVGIRX S\]KIR
EXIH EHHMXMZIW F] ZSPYQI ;LIVI S\]KIREXIH EHHMXMZIW GSRXIRX I\GIIHW TIVGIRX F] ZSPYQI TVSXIGXMSR MW
RSVQEPP] MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL 'IVXEMR RSREPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQW QMKLX FI WYMXEFPI JSV YWI [MXL JYIPW
GSRXEMRMRK S\]KIREXIH EHHMXMZIW SJ QSVI XLER TIVGIRX F] ZSPYQI 'SRWYPX QERYJEGXYVIV JSV WTIGMJMG
PMWXMRKW SV ETTVSZEPW
*PEQQEFPI PMUYMHW LEZMRK E FSMPMRK TSMRX SJ PIWW XLER ”' ”* QMKLX VIUYMVI LMKLIV VEXIW SJ
ETTPMGEXMSR 7YMXEFPI VEXIW SJ ETTPMGEXMSR WLSYPH FI HIXIVQMRIH F] XIWX
*SV LMKLZMWGSWMX] PMUYMHW LIEXIH EFSZI ”' ”* PS[IV MRMXMEP VEXIW SJ ETTPMGEXMSR QMKLX FI HIWMV
EFPI XS QMRMQM^I JVSXLMRK ERH I\TYPWMSR SJ XLI WXSVIH PMUYMH +SSH NYHKQIRX WLSYPH FI YWIH MR ETTP]MRK
JSEQW XS XEROW GSRXEMRMRK LSX SMPW FYVRMRK EWTLEPXW SV FYVRMRK PMUYMHW XLEX LEZI FSMPMRK TSMRXW EFSZI XLI
FSMPMRK TSMRX SJ [EXIV %PXLSYKL XLI GSQTEVEXMZIP] PS[ [EXIV GSRXIRX SJ JSEQW GER FIRIJMGMEPP] GSSP WYGL
PMUYMHW EX E WPS[ VEXI MX GER EPWS GEYWI ZMSPIRX JVSXLMRK ERH wWPSTSZIVx SJ XLI XEROvW GSRXIRXW
8]TI - HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW EVI GSRWMHIVIH SFWSPIXI ERH XLSWI GYVVIRXP] MRWXEPPIH FIGSQI 8]TI -- SYXPIXW MJ
HEQEKIH 6IJIV XS % JSV EHHMXMSREP MRJSVQEXMSR ERH QMRMQYQ HMWGLEVKI XMQIW JSV I\MWXMRK 8]TI SYXPIXW
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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8EFPI 1MRMQYQ %TTPMGEXMSR 6EXIW ERH (MWGLEVKI
8MQIW JSV *M\IH6SSJ 'SRI 8EROW 'SRXEMRMRK *PEQQEFPI
ERH 'SQFYWXMFPI 0MUYMHW 6IUYMVMRK %PGSLSP6IWMWXERX *SEQW
1MRMQYQ (MWGLEVKI 8MQI
QMRYXIW
%TTPMGEXMSR 6EXI JSV 7TIGMJMG
4VSHYGX 7XSVIH
8]TI -- *SEQ (MWGLEVKI
3YXPIX
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PMWXMRKW SR WTIGMJMG TVSHYGXW
;LIVI X[S SV QSVI SYXPIXW EVI VIUYMVIH XLI] WLEPP
FI PSGEXIH WS XLEX XLI JSEQ XVEZIP SR XLI WYVJEGI GERRSX I\
GIIH Q JX )EGL SYXPIX WLEPP FI WM^IH XS HIPMZIV JSEQ EX XLI
QMRMQYQ ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI SV LMKLIV
*SV IZIR JSEQ HMWXVMFYXMSR SYXPIXW WLEPP FI TIVQMX
XIH XS FI WLIPP GSRRIGXMSRW SV WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI JIH
XLVSYKL E TMTI QERMJSPH [MXLMR XLI XERO JVSQ E WMRKPI WLIPP
GSRRIGXMSR
6EXLIV XLER MRWXEPPMRK EHHMXMSREP XERO RS^^PIW WLIPP
GSRRIGXMSRW WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI QEHI MR QER[E] GSZIVW
2SXIW
1SWX GYVVIRXP] QERYJEGXYVIH EPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQW EVI WYMXEFPI
JSV YWI [MXL 8]TI -- JM\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW ,S[IZIV WSQI SPHIV
EPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQW VIUYMVI KIRXPI WYVJEGI ETTPMGEXMSR F] 8]TI JM\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW 'SRWYPX QERYJEGXYVIVW JSV PMWXMRKW SR
WTIGMJMG TVSHYGXW
8]TI - HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW EVI GSRWMHIVIH SFWSPIXI ERH XLSWI GYV
VIRXP] MRWXEPPIH FIGSQI 8]TI -- SYXPIXW MJ HEQEKIH 6IJIV XS %
JSV EHHMXMSREP MRJSVQEXMSR ERH QMRMQYQ HMWGLEVKI XMQIW JSV I\MWXMRK
8]TI - SYXPIXW
*SEQ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW
8LI HMWGLEVKI SYXPIX MRXS XLI XERO WLEPP FI TIVQMX
XIH XS FI XLI STIR IRH SJ E JSEQ HIPMZIV] PMRI SV TVSHYGX PMRI
3YXPIXW WLEPP FI WM^IH WS XLEX JSEQ KIRIVEXSV HMWGLEVKI
TVIWWYVI ERH JSEQ ZIPSGMX] PMQMXEXMSRW EVI RSX I\GIIHIH
8LI JSEQ ZIPSGMX] EX XLI TSMRX SJ HMWGLEVKI MRXS XLI
XERO GSRXIRXW WLEPP RSX I\GIIH QWIG JXWIG JSV 'PEWW -&
PMUYMHW SV QWIG JXWIG JSV SXLIV GPEWWIW SJ PMUYMHW YR
PIWW EGXYEP XIWXW TVSZI XLEX LMKLIV ZIPSGMXMIW EVI WEXMWJEGXSV]
8EROW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH [MXL WYFWYVJEGI JSEQ HMW
GLEVKI SYXPIXW EW WLS[R MR 8EFPI *SEQ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIX )PIZEXMSR
*SEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW WLEPP FI PSGEXIH WS EW RSX XS
HMWGLEVKI MRXS E [EXIV FSXXSQ
8LI VIUYMVIQIRX SJ WLEPP FI EGGSQTPMWLIH
F] LEZMRK XLI SYXPIXW PSGEXIH EX PIEWX Q JX EFSZI XLI
LMKLIWX [EXIV PIZIP XS TVIZIRX HIWXVYGXMSR SJ XLI JSEQ
7YFWYVJEGI -RNIGXMSR &EGO4VIWWYVI 0MQMXEXMSRW 8LI
WM^IW ERH PIRKXLW SJ HMWGLEVKI TMTI SV PMRIW YWIH FI]SRH XLI
JSEQ QEOIV ERH XLI ERXMGMTEXIH QE\MQYQ HITXL SJ XLI JYIP
XS FI TVSXIGXIH WLEPP FI WYGL XLEX XLI FEGO TVIWWYVI MW [MXLMR
XLI VERKI SJ TVIWWYVIW YRHIV [LMGL XLI HIZMGI LEW FIIR XIWXIH
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1MRMQYQ (MWGLEVKI 8MQIW ERH %TTPMGEXMSR 6EXIW
8LI QMRMQYQ HMWGLEVKI XMQIW ERH ETTPMGEXMSR
VEXIW JSV WYFWYVJEGI ETTPMGEXMSR SR JM\IHVSSJ WXSVEKI XEROW
WLEPP FI MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL 8EFPI 8EFPI 1MRMQYQ 2YQFIV SJ 7YFWYVJEGI *SEQ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW JSV *M\IH6SSJ
8EROW 'SRXEMRMRK ,]HVSGEVFSRW
8ERO (MEQIXIV
1MRMQYQ 2YQFIV SJ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW
Q
JX
9T XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV 9T XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV XS 3ZIV *PEWL 4SMRX &IPS[
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IEGL EHHMXMSREP
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8LI QSWX ZMWGSYW JYIP XLEX LEW FIIR I\XMRKYMWLIH F] WYFWYVJEGI MRNIGXMSR [LIVI WXSVIH EX EQFMIRX
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GIRXMWXSOIW 779 EX XLIMV QMRMQYQ ERXMGMTEXIH WXSVEKI XIQTIVEXYVI
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[EXIV MR XLI JSEQ XLEX VIEGLIW XLI WYVJEGI JMVI GSRXVSP ERH I\XMRKYMWLQIRX GER FI IRLERGIH JYVXLIV F] XLI
VSPPMRK SJ GSSP TVSHYGX XS XLI WYVJEGI
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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8EFPI 1MRMQYQ (MWGLEVKI 8MQIW ERH %TTPMGEXMSR 6EXIW JSV 7YFWYVJEGI %TTPMGEXMSR
SR *M\IH6SSJ 7XSVEKI 8EROW
1MRMQYQ
%TTPMGEXMSR 6EXI
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0QMR › Q
KTQJX
1MRMQYQ
(MWGLEVKI 8MQI
QMRYXIW
*PEWL TSMRX FIX[IIR ”' ERH ”'
”* ERH ”*
*PEWL TSMRX FIPS[ ”' ”* SV
PMUYMHW LIEXIH EFSZI XLIMV JPEWL TSMRXW
'VYHI TIXVSPIYQ
2SXIW
8LI QE\MQYQ ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI WLEPP FI 0QMR › Q KTQJX *SV LMKLZMWGSWMX] PMUYMHW LIEXIH EFSZI ”' ”* PS[IV MRMXMEP VEXIW SJ ETTPMGEXMSR QMKLX FI HIWMV
EFPI XS QMRMQM^I JVSXLMRK ERH I\TYPWMSR SJ XLI WXSVIH PMUYMH +SSH NYHKQIRX WLSYPH FI YWIH MR ETTP]MRK
JSEQW XS XEROW GSRXEMRMRK LSX SMPW FYVRMRK EWTLEPXW SV FYVRMRK PMUYMHW XLEX EVI LIEXIH EFSZI XLI FSMPMRK
TSMRX SJ [EXIV %PXLSYKL XLI GSQTEVEXMZIP] PS[ [EXIV GSRXIRX SJ JSEQW GER FIRIJMGMEPP] GSSP WYGL PMUYMHW EX E
WPS[ VEXI MX GER EPWS GEYWI ZMSPIRX JVSXLMRK ERH wWPSTSZIVx SJ XLI XEROvW GSRXIRXW
-R GEWIW [LIVI PMUYMH L]HVSGEVFSRW GSRXEMR JSEQ
HIWXVYGXMZI TVSHYGXW XLI QERYJEGXYVIV SJ XLI JSEQ GSRGIR
XVEXI WLEPP FI GSRWYPXIH JSV VIGSQQIRHEXMSRW FEWIH SR PMWX
MRKW ERHSV ETTVSZEPW
-J XLI ETTEVEXYW EZEMPEFPI LEW E HIPMZIV] VEXI LMKLIV
XLER 0QMR›Q KTQJX E TVSTSVXMSREXI VIHYGXMSR
MR XLI XMQI JMKYVI WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI QEHI TVSZMHIH XLEX
XLI XMQI MW RSX PIWW XLER TIVGIRX SJ XLI QMRMQYQ HMWGLEVKI
XMQI WLS[R ERH XLEX XLI QE\MQYQ JSEQ ZIPSGMX] MW MR EGGSV
HERGI [MXL *M\IH HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW
*SEQ LERHPMRIW
*SEQ QSRMXSVW
7YTTPIQIRXEV] 4VSXIGXMSR -R EHHMXMSR XS XLI TVMQEV]
QIERW SJ TVSXIGXMSR WYTTPIQIRXEV] TVSXIGXMSR WLEPP FI TVS
ZMHIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ 7IGXMSR &EWMW SJ (IWMKR 7]WXIQ HIWMKR WLEPP FI FEWIH SR TVS
XIGXMRK XLI XERO VIUYMVMRK XLI PEVKIWX JSEQ WSPYXMSR JPS[ MR
GPYHMRK WYTTPIQIRXEV] LSWI WXVIEQW
7IQMWYFWYVJEGI 7]WXIQW %PP IUYMTQIRX YWIH MR
WIQMWYFWYVJEGI W]WXIQW WLEPP FI PMWXIH SV ETTVSZIH JSV XLMW
TYVTSWI
3YXHSSV 3TIR8ST *PSEXMRK 6SSJ 8EROW 3YXHSSV STIR
XST JPSEXMRK VSSJ XEROW WLEPP FI EW MPPYWXVEXIH MR *MKYVI E
XLVSYKL *MKYVI H 8EROW IUYMTTIH [MXL XLI JSPPS[MRK JPSEXMRK VSSJ X]TIW
WLEPP RSX FI GSZIVIH MR 7IGXMSR 6SSJW QEHI JVSQ JPSEXMRK HMETLVEKQW
6SSJW QEHI JVSQ TPEWXMG FPEROIXW
6SSJW QEHI JVSQ TPEWXMG SV SXLIV JPSXEXMSR QEXIVMEP IZIR
MJ IRGETWYPEXIH MR QIXEP SV JMFIVKPEWW
6SSJW XLEX VIP] SR JPSXEXMSR HIZMGI GPSWYVIW XLEX EVI IEWMP]
WYFQIVKIH MJ HEQEKIH
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GSVHERGI [MXL 8]TIW SJ *MVIW %RXMGMTEXIH
7YFWYVJEGI ERH 7IQMWYFWYVJEGI -RNIGXMSR 7YFWYVJEGI
ERH WIQMWYFWYVJEGI MRNIGXMSR WLEPP RSX FI YWIH JSV TVSXIGXMSR
SJ STIRXST SV GSZIVIH JPSEXMRK VSSJ XEROW FIGEYWI SJ XLI TSW
WMFMPMX] SJ MQTVSTIV HMWXVMFYXMSR SJ JSEQ EX XLI JYIP WYVJEGI
7IEP %VIE 4VSXIGXMSR 8LI JSEQ TVSXIGXMSR JEGMPMXMIW
JSV ER STIRXST JPSEXMRK VSSJ XERO WIEP EVIE WLEPP FI FEWIH SR
XLVSYKL 1IXLSHW SJ 7IEP *MVI 4VSXIGXMSR
8LI JSPPS[MRK QIXLSHW JSV JMVI TVSXIGXMSR SJ WIEPW MR
STIRXST JPSEXMRK VSSJ XEROW WLEPP FI EW VIUYMVIH MR XLVSYKL *-+96) E
6SSJ 8ERO
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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7XEMRPIWW
WXIIP
WLYRX
KEYKIJSEQ
HEQQQ
MR EFSZI
XSTSJ
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WIEP
4PEWXMG
JSEQPSK
WIGSRHEV]
WIEP
8ERO
WLIPP
4VMQEV]
WIEP
IRZIPSTI
(VEMRWPSXW
QE\QQ
MR MR
LIMKLX
*PSEXMRKVSSJ
XSTSJTSRXSSRW
*PSEXMRKVSSJ
FSXXSQSJTSRXSSRW
6IWMPMIRXJSEQ
&SXXSQTPEXISJXERO
*-+96) H (SYFPI 7IEP 7]WXIQ JSV *PSEXMRK 6SSJW 9WMRK
4PEWXMG*SEQ 0SK 7IGSRHEV] 7IEP *-+96) F
8YFI 7IEP 3TIR8ST *PSEXMRK 6SSJ 8ERO
8LI WIGSRH QIXLSH HMWGLEVKIW JSEQ FIPS[ E QIGLERMGEP
WLSI WIEP HMVIGXP] SRXS XLI JPEQQEFPI PMUYMH FILMRH E
QIXEP [IEXLIV WLMIPH HMVIGXP] SRXS XLI XYFI WIEP IRZIPSTI
SV FIRIEXL E WIGSRHEV] WIEP SRXS XLI TVMQEV] WIEP
8STSJ7IEP 1IXLSH [MXL *SEQ (EQ
7IGSRHEV]
WIEP
7XEMRPIWWWXIIPWLYRX
8STHIGO
7YTTSVXTPEXI
*M\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW PSGEXIH EFSZI E QI
GLERMGEP WLSI WIEP EFSZI E XYFI WIEP [IEXLIV WLMIPH SV EFSZI E
WIGSRHEV] WIEP WLEPP FI YWIH MR GSRNYRGXMSR [MXL E JSEQ HEQ
8LI JSPPS[MRK WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI X[S QIXLSHW
SJ ETTPMGEXMSR SJ JM\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW
4VMQEV]WIEP
IRZIPSTI
*M\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW RSVQEPP] 8]TI -- QSYRXIH
EFSZI XLI XST SJ XLI XERO WLIPP
*M\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW QSYRXIH SR XLI TIVMTLIV]
SJ XLI JPSEXMRK VSSJ
6IWMPMIRXJSEQ
*SV XLMW ETTPMGEXMSR XLI JM\IH JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYX
PIXW WLEPP RSX FI JMXXIH [MXL E JVERKMFPI ZETSV WIEP HIZMGI
*YIPPIZIP
8STSJ7IEP 7]WXIQ (IWMKR
8EROWLIPP
6MQ
&SXXSQHIGO
&YQTIV
*-+96) G
(SYFPI 7IEP 7]WXIQ JSV *PSEXMRK 6SSJW
*M\IH (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW (IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV 7IEP %VIE
4VSXIGXMSR
%TTPMGEXMSR SJ JSEQ JVSQ JM\IH HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW WLEPP
FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI EGLMIZIH F] IMXLIV SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK X[S
QIXLSHW
8LI JMVWX QIXLSH HMWGLEVKIW JSEQ EFSZI XLI QIGLERMGEP
WLSI WIEP E QIXEP [IEXLIV WLMIPH SV E WIGSRHEV] WIEP
8LI HIWMKR TEVEQIXIVW JSV XLI ETTPMGEXMSR SJ JM\IH
JSEQ HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW SR XST SJ XLI WIEP XS TVSXIGX STIRXST
JPSEXMRK VSSJ XEROW WLEPP FI MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL 8EFPI ERH *MKYVI 8LI VIUYMVIQIRXW WTIGMJMIH MR 8EFPI ETTP]
XS XEROW GSRXEMRMRK L]HVSGEVFSRW SV JPEQQEFPI ERH GSQFYW
XMFPI QEXIVMEPW VIUYMVMRK EPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQW
8LI VIUYMVIH QMRMQYQ ETTPMGEXMSR VEXIW WTIGMJMIH
MR 8EFPI WLEPP ETTP] YRPIWW PMWXMRKW JSV WTIGMJMG TVSH
YGXW VIUYMVI LMKLIV ETTPMGEXMSR VEXIW [LIVI 8]TI -- JM\IH JSEQ
HMWGLEVKI SYXPIXW EVI YWIH
-J XLI ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI MW LMKLIV XLER XLI QMRMQYQ
VEXI WTIGMJMIH MR 8EFPI XLI HMWGLEVKI XMQI WLEPP FI
TIVQMXXIH XS FI VIHYGIH TVSTSVXMSREXIP] TVSZMHIH XLEX XLI
VIHYGIH XMQI MW RSX PIWW XLER TIVGIRX SJ XLI QMRMQYQ HMW
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EDUFIRE.IR
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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[IEXLIV WLMIPH
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7XIIP HSYFPI HIGO
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JSEQ[EXIV WTVMROPIVW SV RS^^PIW SV RSREMVEWTMVEXMRK
WXERHEVH WTVMROPIVW
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EDUFIRE.IR
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EDUFIRE.IR
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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8EFPI 7YTTPIQIRXEP *SEQ ,SWI 7XVIEQ
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
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FI EGGIWWMFPI ERH PSGEXIH GPSWI XS XLI IUYMTQIRX GSRXVSPPIH
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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IVIH MRXIKVEP TEVXW SJ XLI W]WXIQ ERH WLEPP JYRGXMSR WMQYPXE
RISYWP] [MXL XLI W]WXIQ STIVEXMSR
%PP QERYEP STIVEXMRK HIZMGIW WLEPP FI MHIRXMJMIH [MXL
WMKRW EW XS XLI LE^EVHW XLI] TVSXIGX
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI
5YEPMX] 7II %RRI\ +
8LI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI YWIH MR XLI W]WXIQ WLEPP FI
PMWXIH JSV YWI [MXL XLI IUYMTQIRX
8LI UYEPMX] SJ XLI GSRGIRXVEXI JSV TIVJSVQERGI YR
HIV XLI MRWXEPPEXMSR VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ XLMW WXERHEVH WLEPP FI HI
XIVQMRIH F] XIWXW
%MV 7YTTP]
%MV JVSQ SYXWMHI XLI LE^EVH EVIE WLEPP FI YWIH JSV JSEQ
KIRIVEXMSR YRPIWW HEXE MW TVSZMHIH XS WLS[ XLEX EMV JVSQ MRWMHI
XLI LE^EVH GER FI WYGGIWWJYPP] IQTPS]IH
8LI HEXE WLEPP FI WTIGMJMG JSV XLI TVSHYGXW SJ GSQFYW
XMSR XS FI IRGSYRXIVIH ERH WLEPP TVSZMHI JEGXSVW JSV MRGVIEW
MRK JSEQ HMWGLEVKI VEXIW SZIV XLSWI KMZIR MR MJ JMVI XIWXW
MRHMGEXI XLEX RIIH
:IRXW JVSQ XLI JMVI EVIE WLEPP FI PSGEXIH XS TVIZIRX VI
GMVGYPEXMSR SJ GSQFYWXMSR TVSHYGXW SV SXLIV QEXIVMEPW HIPIXI
VMSYW XS XLI JSVQEXMSR SJ JSEQ MRXS JSEQ KIRIVEXSV EMV MRPIXW
*SEQ+IRIVEXMRK %TTEVEXYW 0SGEXMSR
%GGIWWMFMPMX] JSV -RWTIGXMSR ERH 1EMRXIRERGI *SEQ
KIRIVEXMRK ETTEVEXYW WLEPP FI PSGEXIH ERH EVVERKIH WS XLEX
MRWTIGXMSR XIWXMRK VIGLEVKMRK ERH SXLIV QEMRXIRERGI MW JE
GMPMXEXIH ERH MRXIVVYTXMSR SJ TVSXIGXMSR MW LIPH XS E QMRMQYQ
4VSXIGXMSR %KEMRWX )\TSWYVI
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[MPP FI YRHYP] I\TSWIH XS E JMVI SV I\TPSWMSR
*SEQ KIRIVEXSVW MRWXEPPIH MRWMHI XLI LE^EVH EVIE
WLEPP FI PMWXIH XS VIWMWX SV FI TVSXIGXIH EKEMRWX JMVI I\TSWYVI
JSV XLI HYVEXMSR SJ XLI JMVI
7YGL TVSXIGXMSR WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI MR XLI JSVQ
SJ MRWYPEXMSR [EXIV WTVE] SV WTVMROPIVW SV SXLIV QIXLSH EW
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FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI WYFWXMXYXIH JSV JMVI I\TSWYVI TVSXIGXMSR
FEWIH SR VIWYPXW SJ JMVI XIWXW
(MWXVMFYXMSR 7]WXIQW
4MTMRK ERH *MXXMRKW 4MTMRK ERH JMXXMRKW WLEPP GSRJSVQ
XS XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ 'LETXIV %VVERKIQIRX ERH -RWXEPPEXMSR SJ 4MTMRK ERH *MXXMRKW
% PMWXIH WXVEMRIV JSV YWI [MXL XLI TVSTSVXMSRIV ERH
JSEQ KIRIVEXSV WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH MR XLI [EXIV PMRI YTWXVIEQ SJ
XLI [EXIV ZEPZI
7YTTPIQIRXEP WXVEMRIVW WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI YWIH
EW VIGSQQIRHIH F] XLI JSEQ IUYMTQIRX QERYJEGXYVIV
(YGXW
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PSGEXIH MRWXEPPIH ERH WYMXEFP] TVSXIGXIH WS XLEX XLI] EVI RSX WYF
NIGX XS YRHYI QIGLERMGEP GLIQMGEP SV SXLIV HEQEKI
(YGX GPSWYVIW WYGL EW WIPIGXSV ZEPZIW KEXIW SV HSSVW
WLEPP FI SJ XLI UYMGOSTIRMRK X]TI WS EW XS EPPS[ JVII TEWWEKI
SJ XLI JSEQ
;LIR HYGX GPSWYVIW EVI PSGEXIH [LIVI XLI] EVI WYF
NIGXIH XS JMVI SV LIEX I\TSWYVI IMXLIV MRWMHI SV SYXWMHI XLI
EVIE XS FI TVSXIGXIH WTIGMEP GEVI WLEPP FI XEOIR XS IRWYVI
TSWMXMZI STIVEXMSR
(YGXW WLEPP FI HIWMKRIH ERH MRWXEPPIH WS XLEX YRHYI
XYVFYPIRGI MW EZSMHIH ERH XLI EGXYEP JSEQ HMWGLEVKI VEXI WLEPP
FI HIXIVQMRIH F] XIWX SV SXLIV QIXLSH EGGITXEFPI XS XLI %,.
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TP] SJ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI ERH [EXIV EVVERKIH XS HMWGLEVKI MRXS
ER IRGPSWIH WTEGI SV IRGPSWYVI EVSYRH XLI LE^EVH
%TTPMGEXMSRW 8SXEP JPSSHMRK W]WXIQW WLEPP FI TIVQMX
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EVSYRH XLI LE^EVH XS IREFPI XLI VIUYMVIH EQSYRX SJ JMVI
I\XMRKYMWLMRK QIHMYQ XS EGGYQYPEXI EX XLI TVSTIV HITXL ERH
XS FI QEMRXEMRIH JSV E TIVMSH SJ XMQI VIUYMVIH XS IRWYVI JMVI
GSRXVSP SV I\XMRKYMWLQIRX MR E WTIGMJMG GSQFYWXMFPI QEXIVMEP
+IRIVEP 6IUYMVIQIRXW
8SXEP JPSSHMRK W]WXIQW WLEPP FI HIWMKRIH MRWXEPPIH
XIWXIH ERH QEMRXEMRIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL XLI ETTPMGEFPI VI
UYMVIQIRXW SJ XLMW WXERHEVH
3RP] PMWXIH SV ETTVSZIH IUYMTQIRX ERH HIZMGIW WLEPP
FI YWIH MR XLIWI W]WXIQW
8SXEP *PSSHMRK )RGPSWYVI 7TIGMJMGEXMSRW
0IEOEKI
3TIRMRKW 3TIRMRKW FIPS[ HIWMKR JMPPMRK HITXL
WYGL EW HSSV[E]W ERH [MRHS[W WLEPP FI EVVERKIH XS GPSWI EY
XSQEXMGEPP] FIJSVI SV WMQYPXERISYWP] [MXL XLI WXEVX SJ XLI
JSEQ HMWGLEVKI [MXL HYI GSRWMHIVEXMSR JSV IZEGYEXMSR SJ TIV
WSRRIP
3TIRMRKW WLEPP FI HIWMKRIH XS QEMRXEMR GPSWYVI
HYVMRK E JMVI ERH WLEPP FI GETEFPI SJ [MXLWXERHMRK TVIWWYVIW SJ
JSEQ ERH WTVMROPIV [EXIV HMWGLEVKI
;LIVI STIRMRKW GERRSX FI TVSXIGXIH F] EYXS
QEXMG GPSWMRK HIZMGIW XLI XSXEP JPSSHMRK W]WXIQ WLEPP FI HI
WMKRIH XS GSQTIRWEXI JSV XLI TVSFEFPI PSWW SJ JSEQ
% 8LI W]WXIQ HIWMKR WLEPP FI XIWXIH XS IRWYVI TVSTIV TIV
JSVQERGI
& -J XLI JSEQ W]WXIQ MW TIVQMXXIH XS WXEVX TVMSV XS GSQTPIXI
GPSWYVI SJ XLI WTEGI XS FI JMPPIH EHHMXMSREP JSEQ SYXTYX WLEPP
FI EPPS[IH XS GSQTIRWEXI JSV XLI PSWWIW
' 8LMW WLEPP FI ZIVMJMIH F] XIWX FEWIH SR XLI MRHMZMHYEP WMXI
GSRHMXMSRW
:IRXMPEXMSR
;LIVI SYXWMHI EMV MW YWIH JSV JSEQ KIRIVEXMSR
LMKLPIZIP ZIRXMRK WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH JSV EMV XLEX MW HMWTPEGIH F]
XLI JSEQ
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8LI VIUYMVIH ZIRXMRK WLEPP GSRWMWX SJ STIRMRKW
IMXLIV RSVQEPP] STIR SV RSVQEPP] GPSWIH ERH EVVERKIH XS
STIR EYXSQEXMGEPP] [LIR XLI W]WXIQ STIVEXIW
;LIVI HIWMKR GVMXIVME HIQERH I\LEYWX JERW XLI]
WLEPP FI ETTVSZIH JSV LMKLXIQTIVEXYVI STIVEXMSR ERH MR
WXEPPIH [MXL GSRWMHIVEXMSR JSV TVSXIGXMSR SJ W[MXGLIW [MVMRK
ERH SXLIV IPIGXVMGEP HIZMGIW XS IRWYVI IUYEP VIPMEFMPMX] SJ I\
LEYWX JER TIVJSVQERGI 3TIVEXMSR SJ XLI JERW WLEPP RSX GSQ
TVSQMWI JSEQ KIRIVEXSV STIVEXMSRW
;LIVI JSVGIHEMV ZIRXMPEXMRK W]WXIQW MRXIVJIVI
[MXL XLI TVSTIV FYMPHYT SJ JSEQ XLI] WLEPP FI EYXSQEXMGEPP]
WLYX HS[R SV GPSWIH
*SEQ 6IUYMVIQIRXW
+IRIVEP 8SXEP JPSSHMRK QIHMYQ SV LMKLI\TERWMSR
JSEQ WLEPP FI HMWGLEVKIH EX E VEXI VIUYMVIH XS JMPP XLI IRGPSWYVI
XS E HITXL EFSZI XLI LE^EVH FIJSVI ER YREGGITXEFPI HIKVII SJ
HEQEKI SGGYVW
*SEQ (ITXL
,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQ
8LI QMRMQYQ XSXEP HITXL SJ JSEQ WLEPP FI RSX
PIWW XLER XMQIW XLI LIMKLX SJ XLI LMKLIWX LE^EVH FYX MR RS
GEWI PIWW XLER Q JX SZIV XLMW LE^EVH
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TPMGEXI XLI ERXMGMTEXIH JMVI IZIRX MR XLI TVSXIGXIH EVIE
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I\TERWMSR
(ITXL WLEPP FI HIXIVQMRIH F] XIWXW 7II ERH %RRI\ +
7YFQIVKIRGI :SPYQI JSV ,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQW
7YFQIVKIRGI ZSPYQI JSV WTVMROPIV TVSXIGXIH EVIEW
WLEPP FI HIJMRIH EW XLI HITXL EW WTIGMJMIH MR QYPXM
TPMIH F] XLI JPSSV EVIE SJ XLI WTEGI XS FI TVSXIGXIH MR EGGSV
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GSQFYWXMFPI GSRWXVYGXMSR SV JMRMWL WLEPP FI FEWIH SR XLI IR
XMVI ZSPYQI MRGPYHMRK GSRGIEPIH WTEGIW
8LI ZSPYQI SGGYTMIH F] ZIWWIPW QEGLMRIV] SV SXLIV
TIVQERIRXP] PSGEXIH IUYMTQIRX WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI HI
HYGXIH [LIR HIXIVQMRMRK XLI WYFQIVKIRGI ZSPYQI
8LI ZSPYQI SGGYTMIH F] WXSVIH QEXIVMEP WLEPP RSX FI
HIHYGXIH [LIR HIXIVQMRMRK XLI WYFQIVKIRGI ZSPYQI
7YFQIVKIRGI 8MQI JSV ,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQW
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YQI JSV ZEVMSYW X]TIW SJ LE^EVHW ERH FYMPHMRK GSRWXVYGXMSR
WLEPP FI EW WLS[R MR 8EFPI ERH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL
2*4% 8EFPI 7LSVXIV WYFQIVKIRGI XMQIW WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI
VIUYMVIH HITIRHMRK SR XLI JEGXSVW MRGPYHIH MR 8LI WYFQIVKIRGI XMQI WLEPP FI FEWIH SR E QE\M
QYQ SJ WIGSRHW HIPE] FIX[IIR JMVI HIXIGXMSR ERH WXEVX SJ
JSEQ HMWGLEVKI
%R] HIPE]W MR I\GIWW SJ WIGSRHW WLEPP FI HIHYGXIH
JVSQ XLI WYFQIVKIRGI XMQIW MR 8EFPI ;LIVI YWI SJ LMKLI\TERWMSR JSEQ SR TSPEV WSPZIRXW
MW GSRXIQTPEXIH XLI JSEQ IUYMTQIRX WYTTPMIV WLEPP WYFWXERXM
EXI WYMXEFMPMX] JSV XLI MRXIRHIH YWI
6EXI SJ (MWGLEVKI
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SR XLI WXVIRKXL SJ WTVMROPIV TVSXIGXMSR XLI REXYVI ERH GSR
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GSRXIRXW XS JMVI ERH XLI PSWW TSXIRXMEP XS PMJI TVSTIVX] ERH
TVSHYGXMSR
8LI JSEQ HMWGLEVKI VEXI WLEPP QIIX XLI JSEQ
HITXL VIUYMVIQIRXW ERH WYFQIVKIRGI XMQIW SJ 8EFPI [MXL GSQTIRWEXMSR JSV RSVQEP JSEQ WLVMROEKI JSEQ PIEOEKI
ERH FVIEOHS[R IJJIGXW SJ WTVMROPIV HMWGLEVKI
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JX QMR
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' ! GSQTIRWEXMSR JSV PIEOEKI
8LI JEGXSV 6 JSV GSQTIRWEXMSR JSV FVIEOHS[R
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XLI EFWIRGI SJ WTIGMJMG XIWX HEXE F] XLI JSPPS[MRK JSVQYPE
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JX QMR › KTQ SJ WTVMROPIV HMWGLEVKI
7 WLEPP FI Q QMR› 0QMR
JX QMR › KTQ
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RYQFIV SJ WTVMROPIVW I\TIGXIH XS STIVEXI MR
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JSEQ WLVMROEKI WLEPP FI [LMGL MW ER IQTMVMGEP JEGXSV FEWIH
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8LI JEGXSV ' JSV GSQTIRWEXMSR JSV PSWW SJ
JSEQ HYI XS PIEOEKI EVSYRH HSSVW ERH [MRHS[W ERH XLVSYKL
YRGPSWEFPI STIRMRKW WLEPP FI HIXIVQMRIH F] XLI HIWMKR IRKM
RIIV EJXIV IZEPYEXMSR SJ XLI WXVYGXYVI 8LMW JEGXSV WLEPP RSX FI
)HMXMSR
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8EFPI 1E\MQYQ 7YFQIVKIRGI 8MQI JSV ,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQ 1IEWYVIH JVSQ 7XEVX
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7TVMROPIVIH
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0S[HIRWMX] GSQFYWXMFPIW MI
JSEQ VYFFIV JSEQ TPEWXMGW
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VSPPIH TETIV OVEJX SV GSEXIH
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XMKLX FIPS[ XLI HIWMKR JMPPMRK HITXL 8LMW JEGXSV WLEPP FI TIV
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FI TVSZMHIH XS TIVQMX GSRXMRYSYW STIVEXMSR SJ XLI IRXMVI W]W
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FI QEMRXEMRIH F] GSRXMRYSYW SV MRXIVQMXXIRX STIVEXMSR SJ ER]
SV EPP SJ XLI KIRIVEXSVW TVSZMHIH
0SGEP ETTPMGEXMSR W]WXIQW WLEPP FI HIWMKRIH MR
WXEPPIH XIWXIH ERH QEMRXEMRIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL XLI ETTPM
GEFPI VIUYMVIQIRXW MR XLMW WXERHEVH
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03; 1)(-91 %2( ,-+,)<4%27-32 *3%1
3RP] PMWXIH SV ETTVSZIH IUYMTQIRX HIZMGIW ERH
EKIRXW WLEPP FI YWIH MR XLIWI W]WXIQW
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VIEGLIH XLI HMWGLEVKI VEXI TIV YRMX EVIE IWXEFPMWLIH MR XLI
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XVSP XS VIEGL WXIEH]WXEXI GSRHMXMSRW
0SGEP ETTPMGEXMSR QIHMYQ ERH LMKLI\TERWMSR
JSEQ W]WXIQW WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI YWIH XS TVSXIGX LE^EVHW
PSGEXIH MRHSSVW YRHIV TEVXMEP WLIPXIV SV GSQTPIXIP] SYX
HSSVW
4VSZMWMSRW WLEPP FI QEHI XS GSQTIRWEXI JSV [MRHW
ERH SXLIV IJJIGXW SJ [IEXLIV
*SEQ 6IUYMVIQIRXW JSV *PEQQEFPI ERH 'SQFYW
XMFPI 0MUYMHW ERH 7SPMHW
%HHMXMSREP JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WYTTPMIW WLEPP FI SR
LERH XS TVSZMHI GSRXVSP QEMRXIRERGI JSV XLI GEPGYPEXIH JMVI
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*SEQ 7]WXIQ %VVERKIQIRX 8LI JSEQ W]WXIQ WLEPP
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JMVI EVIE [MXLMR XLI WTIGMJMIH XMQI
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JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI
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8LI HMWGLEVKI VEXI TIV YRMX EVIE HIXIVQMRIH F] XLI
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*SEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WLEPP FI EGGIWWMFPI JSV MQQIHMEXI
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4VIWWYVI 8LI TVIWWYVI EZEMPEFPI EX XLI MRPIX XS XLI GSQ
TVIWWIH EMV JSEQ W]WXIQ YRHIV VIUYMVIH JPS[ GSRHMXMSRW WLEPP
FI EX PIEWX XLI QMRMQYQ TVIWWYVI JSV [LMGL XLI W]WXIQ LEW
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SR XLI GSQTSWMXMSR SJ XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI EW PMWXIH [MXL EW
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6IWIVZI 7YTTP] SJ *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI
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FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI LEVH SV WSJX JVIWL SV WEPX FYX WLEPP FI SJ E
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QIIX W]WXIQ HIWMKR VIUYMVIQIRXW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH MR SVHIV XS
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TVSZI XLEX XLI] EVI GSQTEXMFPI ERH EVI EGGITXIH F] XLI %,.
)HMXMSR
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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6IWIVZI 7YTTP] % VIWIVZI WYTTP] SJ EMV SV RMXVSKIR
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XIV WLEPP FI JM\IH HIPYKIX]TI SV JM\IH WTVE]X]TI W]WXIQW
4PERW ERH 7TIGMJMGEXMSRW 4PERW ERH WTIGMJMGEXMSRW WLEPP
FI MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL 'LETXIV )HMXMSR
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7]WXIQ HIWMKR VIUYMVIQIRXW EW JSPPS[W
E (IWMKR EVIE SJ JSEQ ETTPMGEXMSR Q JX
F 1MRMQYQ VEXI SJ JSEQ
G %VIE TIV JSEQ GLEQFIV SV HMWGLEVKI HIZMGI Q JX
8SXEP JSEQ VIUYMVIQIRXW EW GEPGYPEXIH MRGPYHMRK EPPS[
ERGI JSV MRWMHI LSWI SYXWMHI L]HVERXW ERH I\TSWYVI TVS
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(IXEMPIH ;SVOWLIIXW (IXEMPIH [SVOWLIIXW SV GSQ
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7LIIX RYQFIV
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8SXEP JVMGXMSR PSWW FIX[IIR VIJIVIRGI TSMRXW
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6IUYMVIH TVIWWYVI MR FEV TWM EX IEGL VIJIVIRGI TSMRXW
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MJ EFSZIKVSYRH WLEPP FI WYTTSVXIH ERH TVSXIGXIH EKEMRWX QI
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GSQTSRIRXW MR XLI W]WXIQ
3RI JPERKI SV YRMSR NSMRX WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH MR IEGL
VMWIV EX E GSRZIRMIRX PSGEXMSR TVIJIVEFP] HMVIGXP] FIPS[ XLI
JSEQ QEOIV XS TIVQMX L]HVSWXEXMG XIWXMRK SJ XLI TMTMRK W]WXIQ
YT XS XLMW NSMRX
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GETEFPI SJ SZIVTVIWWYVMRK XLI W]WXIQ ERH WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH [MXL
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XLI GMVGYMX XS TVIZIRX I\GIWWMZI TVIWWYVI ERH XIQTIVEXYVI
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EVIE EX PIEWX SRI XERO HMEQIXIV JVSQ XLI XERO FYX MR RS GEWI
PIWW XLER Q JX *PYWLMRK
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WYTTP]MRK JSEQ WSPYXMSR XS XLI W]WXIQ ERH TVSZMHIH [MXL
TPYKW SV GETW
4YQTW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH [MXL E QIERW JSV JPYWLMRK [MXL
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JPYWL MRPIX ERH SYXPIX GSRRIGXMSRW
4S[IV 7YTTP]
4S[IV WYTTP] JSV XLI HVMZIVW SJ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI
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HMZMHYEP LSWI GSRRIGXMSR
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MRK TS[IV JVSQ XLI TVSXIGXIH JEGMPMX] HYVMRK E JMVI HSIW RSX
HMWGSRRIGX XLI TS[IV WYTTP] XS XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TYQT
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:EPZIW WLEPP FI PSGEXIH IMXLIV MR XLI GIRXVEP JSEQ WXE
XMSR SV EX TSMRXW [LIVI XLI PEXIVEPW FVERGL JVSQ XLI GSQQSR
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FI PMWXIH EW E PMQMXIH WIVZMGI GSRXVSPPIV
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TS[IV WLEPP FI PMWXIH EW E JYPP WIVZMGI JMVI TYQT GSRXVSPPIV
% GSRXVSPPIV KSZIVRMRK XLI WXEVXYT SJ JSEQ GSRGIR
XVEXI TYQTW [MXL HMIWIP IRKMRI HVMZIVW WLEPP FI PMWXIH EW E HMIWIP
IRKMRI JMVI TYQT GSRXVSPPIV
7LYXSJJ ZEPZIW WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI PSGEXIH EX
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7IVZMGI (MWGSRRIGXMRK 1IERW
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WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH [MXL E ZEPZI ERH E GLIGO ZEPZI YRPIWW XLI
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WLEPP FI EVVERKIH XS IRWYVI XLEX JSEQ IRXIVW SRP] XLI XERO XS
FI TVSXIGXIH
8LI GSRGIRXVEXI YWIH MR E JSEQ W]WXIQ JSV TVSXIGX
MRK E JPEQQEFPI SV GSQFYWXMFPI PMUYMH WLEPP FI ETTVSZIH JSV
L]HVSGEVFSRW MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL E XIWX QIXLSH IUYMZEPIRX XS
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XIQW WLEPP FI ETTVSZIH JSV L]HVSGEVFSRW MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL
ERH ETTVSZIH JSV YWI SR TSPEV WSPZIRXW MR EGGSVHERGI
[MXL E QIXLSH GSQTEVEFPI XS 90 *SV FPEHHIV XERO W]WXIQW [MXL QYPXMTPI VMWIVW XLI [E
XIV WYTTP] JIIH XS XLI FPEHHIV XERO WLEPP FI EVVERKIH XS TVI
ZIRX XLI HMWGLEVKI SJ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI MRXS VMWIVW XLEX LEZI
FIIR MWSPEXIH XS TVIZIRX JYVXLIV HMWGLEVKI MRXS XLI LE^EVH
*SV WMRKPIVMWIV W]WXIQW XLI [EXIV JIIH XS XLI FPEHHIV
XERO WLEPP FI PSGEXIH EFSZI XLI W]WXIQ GSRXVSP ZEPZI
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I\TPSWMSR TMTI[SVO WLEPP FI VSYXIH XS EJJSVH XLI FIWX TVSXIG
XMSR EKEMRWX HEQEKI
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LE^EVH MR E JMVI EVIE WLEPP RSX TEWW SZIV ERSXLIV LE^EVH MR XLI
WEQI JMVI EVIE
%PP LERKIVW WLEPP FI SJ ETTVSZIH X]TIW
8ETTMRK SV HVMPPMRK SJ PSEHFIEVMRK WXVYGXYVEP QIQFIVW
WLEPP RSX FI TIVQMXXIH [LIVI YREGGITXEFPI [IEOIRMRK SJ XLI
WXVYGXYVI [SYPH SGGYV
8LI JSEQ WYTTP] WLEPP GSRJSVQ XS XLI VIUYMVIQIRX SJ
8LI [EXIV WYTTP] WLEPP GSRJSVQ XS XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ
XLVSYKL 8LI JSEQ W]WXIQ WLEPP FI GETEFPI SJ FIMRK EGXYEXIH
MRGPYHMRK MRXVSHYGXMSR SJ JSEQ WSPYXMSR MRXS XLI JSEQ QEMR
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WLEPP FI GETEFPI SJ HMWGLEVKMRK XLI VIUYMVIH UYERXMX] SJ I\
TERHIH JSEQ XS TVSZMHI E JSEQ HITXL SJ EX PIEWX QQ MR
SZIV XLI PEVKIWX EVIE SZIV [LMGL SMP MW I\TIGXIH XS WTVIEH
8LI QMRMQYQ JSEQ WSPYXMSR ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI WLEPP FI
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%XXEGLQIRXW WLEPP FI QEHI XS I\MWXMRK WXIIP SV GSRGVIXI
WXVYGXYVIW ERH IUYMTQIRX WYTTSVXW
8LI W]WXIQ WLEPP FI GETEFPI SJ KIRIVEXMRK JSEQ JSV
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QIXLSH SJ WYTTSVXMRK TMTI JSV TVSXIGXMSR TYVTSWIW GERRSX FI
YWIH XLI TMTMRK WLEPP FI WYTTSVXIH MR WYGL E QERRIV EW XS
TVSHYGI XLI WXVIRKXL IUYMZEPIRX XS XLEX EJJSVHIH F] XLI WXER
HEVH QIERW SJ WYTTSVX
1IERW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH JSV IJJIGXMZI HMWXVMFYXMSR SJ
XLI JSEQ XLVSYKL E TIVQERIRX W]WXIQ SJ TMTMRK ERH GSRXVSP
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JSEQ SYXPIXW
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YWIH [MXL JSEQ IUYMTQIRX
8IWX 'SRRIGXMSRW :EPZIW ERH LSWI GSRRIGXMSRW WLEPP FI
MRWXEPPIH XS JEGMPMXEXI XIWXMRK SJ TVSTSVXMSRMRK IUYMTQIRX
'LETXIV 0S[)\TERWMSR *SEQ 7]WXIQW JSV 1EVMRI
%TTPMGEXMSRW
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8LMW GLETXIV WLEPP GSZIV HIWMKR MRJSVQEXMSR JSV XLI
YWI SJ PS[I\TERWMSR JSEQ W]WXIQW XLEX EVI RIGIWWEV] JSV QE
VMRI ETTPMGEXMSRW [LIVI VIUYMVIH F] XLI %,.
8LI TVSZMWMSRW SJ 'LETXIVW ERH SJ XLMW WXER
HEVH WLEPP RSX FI ETTPMGEFPI YRPIWW WTIGMJMGEPP] VIJIVIRGIH
'SQTSRIRXW
%PP GSQTSRIRXW WLEPP FI PMWXIH SV ETTVSZIH JSV XLIMV
MRXIRHIH ETTPMGEXMSR ERH WLEPP FI ETTVSZIH JSV YWI MR E QE
VMRI IRZMVSRQIRX
)EGL QERYJEGXYVIV WLEPP QEMRXEMR E W]WXIQ HIWMKR
QERYEP HIWGVMFMRK FEWMG W]WXIQ HIWMKR EVVERKIQIRXW ERH HI
RSXMRK IEGL SJ XLI QERYJEGXYVIVWv TVSHYGXW [MXLMR XLI W]WXIQ
8LI JSEQ I\TERWMSR VEXMS WLEPP RSX I\GIIH ;LIVI E HIGO JSEQ W]WXIQ MW EPWS MRWXEPPIH XLI JSEQ
WYTTP] ERH TVSTSVXMSRMRK W]WXIQ WLEPP RSX FI VIUYMVIH XS FI
WITEVEXI
8LI UYERXMX] SJ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WLEPP FI XLEX VI
UYMVIH XS QIIX XLI WMRKPI PEVKIWX W]WXIQ HIQERH
'SRXVSPW
7]WXIQ GSRXVSPW WLEPP FI WMQTPI XS STIVEXI ERH
KVSYTIH XSKIXLIV MR E PSGEXMSR EGGIWWMFPI HYVMRK JMVI GSRHM
XMSRW MR XLI TVSXIGXIH EVIE
-RWXVYGXMSRW MR TIVQERIRX PIXXIVMRK WLEPP FI EJJM\IH
XS XLI IUYMTQIRX SV MR E TSWMXMSR EHNEGIRX XLIVIXS
6IQSXIP] GSRXVSPPIH HIZMGIW WLEPP LEZI PSGEP QI
GLERMGEP SZIVVMHI
*M\IH 0S[)\TERWMSR *SEQ 7]WXIQW SR (IGO JSV 4IXVS
PIYQ ERH 'LIQMGEP 8EROIVW
4YVTSWI 8LI TYVTSWI SJ XLMW WIGXMSR WLEPP FI XS TVS
ZMHI KYMHERGI JSV XLI HIWMKR ERH EVVERKIQIRX SJ HIGO JSEQ
W]WXIQW XLEX EVI I\TIGXIH XS TVSZMHI XLI JSPPS[MRK TIVJSV
QERGI
)\XMRKYMWL HIGO WTMPP JMVIW ERH QEMRXEMR E JSEQ FPEROIX
[LMPI LSX QIXEP GSSPW
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ZSPZMRK XLVIIHMQIRWMSREP TVIWWYVM^IH PMUYMH JMVIW
7YTTVIWW SV GSRXVSP XERO JMVIW MRZSPZMRK E TSVXMSR SJ XLI
GEVKS EVIE EWWYQMRK XLEX XLI XST SJ XLI XERO W [MXLMR XLI
HIWMKR EVIE MW STIR XS [IEXLIV ERH XLEX XLI XVENIGXSV] SJ
XLI JSEQ MW RSX SFWXVYGXIH
4VSZMHI TVSXIGXMSR JSV XLI GVI[ [LMPI EVVERKIQIRXW EVI
FIMRK QEHI XS EFERHSR WLMT
(YVMRK PMKLXIVMRK STIVEXMSRW XLI HIGO JSEQ W]WXIQ JPS[
MRK [EXIV WLEPP TVSXIGX XLI I\TSWIH ZIWWIP JVSQ JMVI SR ER
EHNEGIRX WLMT [LMPI TVITEVEXMSRW EVI QEHI XS KIX XLI I\
TSWIH ZIWWIP YRHIV [E]
8LI HIGO JSEQ W]WXIQ MW RSX MRXIRHIH XS TVSZMHI I\XMR
KYMWLQIRX WYTTVIWWMSR SV GSRXVSP SJ MRGMHIRXW VIWYPXMRK
JVSQ QENSV I\TPSWMSRW SV GSPPMWMSRW XLEX GEYWI XLI JMVI XS
I\GIIH XLI EVIE SJ XLI WMRKPI PEVKIWX XERO
8LI HIGO JSEQ W]WXIQ WLEPP FI HIWMKRIH ERH EVVERKIH
XS [MXLWXERH XLI IJJIGXW SJ [IEXLIV ZMFVEXMSR GSVVS
WMSR WXVEMR ERH MQTEGX I\TIGXIH HYVMRK XLI WLMTvW ST
IVEXMSR
7YTTVIWW ZETSVW JVSQ ER YRMKRMXIH WTMPP SR HIGO
'SRXVSP 7XEXMSR
8LI QEMR GSRXVSP WXEXMSR JSV XLI W]WXIQ WLEPP FI PS
GEXIH EJX SJ XLI GEVKS EVIE ERH FI STIVEFPI MR XLI IZIRX SJ JMVI
MR XLI QEMR EVIE TVSXIGXIH
3TIVEXMRK MRWXVYGXMSRW ERH HMEKVEQW SJ TMTMRK W]W
XIQW ERH ZEPZIW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH MR GPIEV ERH TIVQERIRX PIX
XIVMRK ERH WLEPP FI EJJM\IH XS XLI IUYMTQIRX SV MR E TSWMXMSR
ZMWMFPI XLIVIXS
8LI HMEKVEQW WLEPP WLS[ [LMGL ZEPZIW EVI XS FI
STIRIH MR XLI IZIRX XLI W]WXIQ QYWX FI EGXMZEXIH
8LI HMEKVEQW WLEPP I\TPEMR XLSVSYKLP] ERH GPIEVP]
EPP XLI WXITW RIGIWWEV] XS TYX XLI W]WXIQ MRXS STIVEXMSR
)EGL ZEPZI WLEPP FI PEFIPIH HIWGVMFMRK MXW JYRGXMSR
8LI GSRXVSP WXEXMSR WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH [MXL IQIV
KIRG] PMKLXMRK
*MVI 1EMR 'ETEGMX] 3TIVEXMSR SJ E HIGO JSEQ W]WXIQ
EX MXW VIUYMVIH JSEQ WSPYXMSR JPS[ VEXI WLEPP WXMPP TIVQMX XLI
WMQYPXERISYW YWI SJ XLI VIUYMVIH RYQFIV SJ WXVIEQW SJ [E
XIV ERH SXLIV WIVZMGIW TVSZMHIH F] XLI JMVI QEMR W]WXIQ
6EXI SJ %TTPMGEXMSR 8LI VEXI SJ ETTPMGEXMSR SJ JSEQ
WSPYXMSR JSV JMVIW SR HIGO WLEPP RSX FI PIWW XLER XLI KVIEXIWX SJ
SV 6EXI SJ ETTPMGEXMSR JSV L]HVSGEVFSR JYIPW WLEPP FI EW
JSPPS[W
(IGO WTMPP GEPGYPEXMSR 0QMR›Q KTQJX
SZIV TIVGIRX SJ XLI GEVKS FPSGO HIGO EVIE [LIVI XLI
GEVKS FPSGO HIGO EVIE MW XLI QE\MQYQ FVIEHXL SJ XLI WLMT
QYPXMTPMIH F] XLI XSXEP PSRKMXYHMREP I\XIRX SJ XLI GEVKS
XERO WTEGIW
0EVKIWX XERO GEPGYPEXMSR 0QMR›Q KTQJX
SJ XLI LSVM^SRXEP WIGXMSREP EVIE SJ XLI WMRKPI PEVKIWX XERO
0EVKIWX QSRMXSV GEPGYPEXMSR 0QMR›Q KTQJX SJ
XLI EVIE TVSXIGXIH F] XLI PEVKIWX QSRMXSV WYGL EVIE FIMRK IR
XMVIP] JSV[EVH SJ XLI QSRMXSV FYX RSX PIWW XLER 0QMR
KTQ
6EXI SJ ETTPMGEXMSR JSV TSPEV WSPZIRXW WLEPP FI EW
JSPPS[W
7MRGI VIUYMVIH JSEQ ETTPMGEXMSR VEXIW EVI TIVQMXXIH XS
ZEV] TSPEV WSPZIRXW EVI TPEGIH MR VITVIWIRXEXMZI KVSYTW
FEWIH YTSR JMVI TIVJSVQERGI XIWXW
*MVI XIWXW EVI YWIH XS HIXIVQMRI XLI QMRMQYQ JSEQ HI
WMKR ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI JSV XLI KVSYT ERH EVI GSRHYGXIH
YWMRK SRI SV QSVI WSPZIRXW VITVIWIRXMRK XLI QSWX HMJJMGYPX
I\XMRKYMWLQIRX GEWI SV XLI EGXYEP TSPEV WSPZIRX
8LI JSPPS[MRK QMRMQYQ JSEQ HIWMKR ETTPMGEXMSR VEXIW
ERH TSPEV WSPZIRX KVSYTMRKW WLEPP FI WTIGMJMIH MR XLI JSEQ
QERYJEGXYVIVvW W]WXIQ HIWMKR QERYEP ERH WLEPP FI ET
TVSZIH
E (IGO WTMPP GEPGYPEXMSR XLI LMKLIWX VIUYMVIH JSEQ ET
TPMGEXMSR VEXI JSV ER] TSPEV WSPZIRX XLEX MW TIVQMXXIH
XS FI XVERWTSVXIH F] XLI WLMT ETTPMIH SZIV TIVGIRX
SJ XLI GEVKS FPSGO HIGO EVIE [LIVI XLI GEVKS FPSGO
HIGO EVIE MW XLI QE\MQYQ FVIEHXL SJ XLI WLMT QYPXM
TPMIH F] XLI XSXEP PSRKMXYHMREP I\XIRX SJ XLI GEVKS
XERO WTEGIW
F 1SWX HIQERHMRK XERO GEPGYPEXMSR TIVGIRX SJ XLI
LMKLIWX VIUYMVIH JSEQ ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI JSV ER] TSPEV
WSPZIRX XLEX MW TIVQMXXIH XS FI XVERWTSVXIH F] XLI
WLMT ETTPMIH SZIV XLI LSVM^SRXEP WIGXMSREP EVIE SJ XLI
WMRKPI PEVKIWX XERO
G ;LIVI HIHMGEXIH GEVKS XEROW EVI WTIGMJMGEPP] HI
WMKRIH JSV E TEVXMGYPEV TSPEV WSPZIRX ERH WYGL WSPZIRX
MW RSX TIVQMXXIH XS FI GEVVMIH MR SXLIV XEROW XLI JSEQ
W]WXIQ HIWMKR MW TIVQMXXIH XS XEOI MRXS GSRWMHIVEXMSR
XLMW PMQMXEXMSR
H 0EVKIWX QSRMXSV GEPGYPEXMSR TIVGIRX SJ XLI LMKL
IWX VIUYMVIH JSEQ ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI JSV ER] TSPEV WSP
ZIRX XLEX MW TIVQMXXIH XS FI XVERWTSVXIH F] XLI WLMT
ETTPMIH SZIV XLI EVIE TVSXIGXIH F] XLI JSEQ QSRMXSV
WYGL EVIE FIMRK IRXMVIP] JSV[EVH SJ XLI QSRMXSV FYX
RSX PIWW XLER 0QMR KTQ
(MWGLEVKI (YVEXMSR
*SEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH XS WYTTP] XLI
W]WXIQ JSV QMRYXIW
*SV WLMTW XLEX EVI FSXL XVERWTSVXMRK SRP] L]HVSGEV
FSRW ERH YWMRK KEW MRIVXMRK SJ GEVKS ZETSV WTEGIW XLI HMW
GLEVKI HYVEXMSR WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI QMRYXIW
%PPS[ERGI WLEPP FI QEHI XS JMPP EPP JSEQ WSPYXMSR ERH
GSRGIRXVEXI TMTMRK ERH WXMPP TVSZMHI XLI VIUYMVIH HYVEXMSR
1MRMQYQ HMWGLEVKI HYVEXMSR WLEPP FI FEWIH SR XLI
EGXYEP GETEGMX] SJ XLI MRWXEPPIH IUYMTQIRX
*SEQ 3YXPIX (IZMGIW
3RI LYRHVIH TIVGIRX SJ XLI VIUYMVIH JSEQ ETTPMGE
XMSR WLEPP FI F] YWMRK SRI SV X[S QSRMXSVW PSGEXIH MQQIHM
EXIP] EJX SJ XLI TVSXIGXIH EVIE
3R XEROIVW PIWW XLER QIXVMG XSRW HIEH [IMKLX
LERH LSWIPMRIW SRP] WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI MRWXEPPIH MR PMIY
SJ QSRMXSVW WTIGMJMIH MR TVSZMHIH XLEX XLI GETEGMX] SJ
IEGL LERH LSWIPMRI MW EX PIEWX TIVGIRX SJ XLI XSXEP JSEQ
WSPYXMSR JPS[ VEXI
1SRMXSVW
8LI GETEGMX] SJ ER] QSRMXSV WLEPP FI EX PIEWX 0
QMR›Q KTQJX SJ XLI HIGO EVIE TVSXIGXIH F] XLEX
QSRMXSV [MXL WYGL EVIE FIMRK IRXMVIP] JSV[EVH SJ XLI QSRMXSV
)HMXMSR
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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8LI GETEGMX] SJ IEGL QSRMXSV WLEPP FI RSX PIWW XLER
TIVGIRX SJ XLI VIUYMVIH JSEQ ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI ERH RSX PIWW
XLER 0QMR KTQ 8LI HMWXERGI JVSQ XLI QSRMXSV XS XLI JEVXLIWX I\
XVIQMX] SJ XLI TVSXIGXIH EVIE JSV[EVH SJ XLI QSRMXSV WLEPP
FI RSX QSVI XLER TIVGIRX SJ XLI QSRMXSV XLVS[ MR WXMPP
EMV GSRHMXMSRW
*SEQ QSRMXSVW ERH LERH LSWIPMRI GSRRIGXMSRW WLEPP
FI WMXYEXIH FSXL TSVX ERH WXEVFSEVH EX XLI JVSRX SJ XLI EGGSQ
QSHEXMSR WTEGI JEGMRK XLI GEVKS XEROW HIGO
-J TVSZMHIH XLIWI QSRMXSVW WLEPP FI PSGEXIH EX PIEWX
Q JX EFSZI XLI QEMR HIGO ERH WLEPP FI HMVIGXP] EGGIW
WMFPI XS XLI HIGO EFSZI XLI JVIIFSEVH HIGO
8LI JSEQ W]WXIQ WLEPP FI GETEFPI SJ HIPMZIVMRK JSEQ XS
XLI IRXMVI GEVKS FPSGO HIGO EVIE
7LMTW JMXXIH [MXL FS[ SV WXIVR PSEHMRK ERH YRPSEHMRK
EVVERKIQIRXW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH [MXL SRI SV QSVI EHHMXMSREP
QSRMXSVW PSGEXIH XS TVSXIGX XLI FS[ SV WXIVR EVVERKIQIRXW
8LI EVIE SJ XLI GEVKS PMRI JSVI SV EJX SJ XLI GEVKS
FPSGO EVIE WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH [MXL QSRMXSV TVSXIGXMSR
*SEQ QSRMXSVW WLEPP FI QSYRXIH SR TPEXJSVQW
4PEXJSVQW WLEPP TIVQMX HIKVII EGGIWW EVSYRH XLI
QSRMXSVW
4PEXJSVQW WLEPP FI VEMWIH XS EPPS[ XLI QSRMXSVW ER
YRSFWXVYGXIH XLVS[ MRWSJEV EW TVEGXMGEP
,]HVEYPMG 'EPGYPEXMSRW
,]HVEYPMG GEPGYPEXMSRW WLEPP FI TIVJSVQIH MR EGGSV
HERGI [MXL 2*4% *SEQ WSPYXMSR WLEPP FI GSRWMHIVIH XS
LEZI XLI WEQI L]HVEYPMG GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW EW [EXIV
*SEQ GSRGIRXVEXI L]HVEYPMG GEPGYPEXMSRW WLEPP FI TIV
JSVQIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI QERYJEGXYV
IVvW W]WXIQ HIWMKR QERYEP
3VMJMGIW WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FEPERGI JPS[W XS QSRM
XSVW ERH JM\IH JSEQ SYXPIXW
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-WSPEXMSR ZEPZIW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH MR XLI [EXIV JSEQ GSR
GIRXVEXI ERH JSEQ WSPYXMSR QEMRW MQQIHMEXIP] JSV[EVH SJ ER]
QSRMXSV TSWMXMSR XS MWSPEXI HEQEKIH WIGXMSRW -R EHHMXMSR IEGL
QSRMXSV ERH LSWI WXEXMSR WLEPP LEZI ER MWSPEXMSR ZEPZI
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PSGEXMSRW
1SRMXSV MWSPEXMSR ZEPZIW WLEPP FI MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL
XLVSYKL %PP MWSPEXMSR ZEPZIW WLEPP FI MRWXEPPIH [MXL XLI FSRRIX
EFSZI XLI LSVM^SRXEP
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JSV ZMWYEP MRHMGEXMSR SJ ZEPZI TSWMXMSR
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8LI QSRMXSV MWSPEXMSR ZEPZI WLEPP FI EGGIWWMFPI JVSQ
XLI QSRMXSV TPEXJSVQ
4MTI[SVO WLEPP FI VSYXIH XS EJJSVH TVSXIGXMSR EKEMRWX
HEQEKI
4PEXJSVQW LMKLIV XLER Q JX WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH
[MXL LERHVEMPW SV GLEMR VEMPW
%PP LERKIVW ERH TMTMRK WYTTSVXW WLEPP FI HIWMKRIH JSV
QEVMRI ETTPMGEXMSRW
%GGIWW XS XLI QSRMXSV TPEXJSVQ WLEPP FI ZME [EPO[E]
SV TIVQERIRX PEHHIV
(IGO JSEQ WSPYXMSR TMTMRK WLEPP FI MRHITIRHIRX SJ
JMVI QEMR TMTMRK
4VSZMWMSRW WLEPP FI QEHI JSV WIGYVMRK QSRMXSVW [LMPI
EX WIE
;LIVI XLI JMVI QEMR ERH JSEQ QEMR EVI GSRRIGXIH XS
E GSQQSR QSRMXSV GLIGO ZEPZIW WLEPP FI MRWXEPPIH
1SRMXSVW
8LI W]WXIQ WLEPP FI EVVERKIH XS TVIZIRX XLI TSWWMFMPMX]
SJ JVII^MRK
1SRMXSVW SZIV 0QMR KTQ WLEPP FI TVS
ZMHIH [MXL X[S STIVEXSV LERHLSPHW SV SRI LERH[LIIP JSV IEGL
W[MZIP
1SRMXSVW WLEPP FI HIWMKRIH XS TVIZIRX YR[ERXIH
QSZIQIRX HYI XS VIEGXMSR JSVGIW
1SRMXSVW WLEPP FI GETEFPI SJ FIMRK PSGOIH MRXS TSWM
XMSR [LMPI STIVEXMRK EX JYPP JPS[
,ERH ,SWIPMRIW
,ERH LSWIPMRIW WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH XS IRWYVI JPI\MFMPMX]
SJ EGXMSR HYVMRK JMVIJMKLXMRK STIVEXMSRW ERH XS GSZIV EVIEW
SFWXVYGXIH JVSQ QSRMXSVW
4SVXMSRW SJ XLI W]WXIQ I\TSWIH XS [IEXLIV WLEPP FI
WIPJHVEMRMRK
;IX SV TVIWWYVM^IH TSVXMSRW SJ XLI W]WXIQ WLEPP FI
TVSXIGXIH EKEMRWX JVII^MRK
8IWXMRK ERH -RWTIGXMSR
*SEQ W]WXIQW WLEPP FI MRWTIGXIH ERH XIWXIH MR EGGSV
HERGI [MXL 'LETXIVW ERH %RRYEP XIWXMRK WLEPP MRGPYHI XIWXW GSRHYGXIH MR EGGSV
HERGI [MXL 7IGXMSR 8LI GETEGMX] SJ ER] LERH LSWIPMRI WLEPP FI RSX PIWW
XLER 0QMR KTQ ERH XLI LERH LSWIPMRI XLVS[ MR
WXMPP EMV GSRHMXMSRW WLEPP FI RSX PIWW XLER Q JX 8LI W]WXIQ WYTTPMIV SV S[RIV WLEPP TVSZMHI XS XLI
WLMTvW GVI[ E W]WXIQ YWI MRWTIGXMSR ERH XIWXMRK ZMHISXETI
8LI RYQFIV ERH PSGEXMSR SJ JSEQ WSPYXMSR SYXPIXW
WLEPP FI WYGL XLEX JSEQ JVSQ EX PIEWX X[S LERH LSWIPMRIW WLEPP
FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI WMQYPXERISYWP] HMVIGXIH SRXS ER] TEVX SJ
XLI GEVKS FPSGO HIGO EVIE
*SEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WXSVEKI WLEPP FI MR GSQTPMERGI
[MXL ,ERH LSWIPMRIW ERH L]HVERXW WLEPP FI QSYRXIH SR
QSRMXSV TPEXJSVQW SV EX HIGO PIZIP
*SEQ 7]WXIQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 7XSVEKI
8LI TVMQEV] HIGO JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WXSVEKI XERO
WLEPP FI PSGEXIH SR SV EFSZI XLI JVIIFSEVH HIGO PIZIP MR XLI WTEGI
GSRXEMRMRK XLI W]WXIQ GSRXVSP WXEXMSR HIWGVMFIH MR )HMXMSR
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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WMFPI PSGEXMSR YRPMOIP] XS FI GYX SJJ MR XLI IZIRX SJ JMVI SV I\
TPSWMSR ERH RSX LEZMRK HMVIGX STIRMRK SV I\TSWYVI XS XLI
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SXLIV IPIGXVMGEP GSQTSRIRXW SJ XLI JSEQ W]WXIQ WLEPP FI MR
EGGSVHERGI [MXL XLI TVSZMWMSRW SJ ERH SJ 730%7
6IKYPEXMSRW -- ETTPMGEFPI XS JMVI TYQTW
*SEQ GSRGIRXVEXI XEROW WLEPP FI MR GSQTPMERGI [MXL
;LIVI HMIWIP TYQTW EVI TVSZMHIH XLI] WLEPP FI GSR
RIGXIH XS E PMWXIH HMIWIP TYQT GSRXVSPPIV
8EROW WLEPP LEZI I\TERWMSR HSQIW
8LI HIGO JSEQ W]WXIQ TMTMRK WLEPP RSX FI VSYXIH
XLVSYKL MQQIHMEXIP] EHNEGIRX XS SV MQQIHMEXIP] EFSZI XLI
GEVKS TYQT VSSQ
8EROW WLEPP FI JMXXIH [MXL FEJJPIW XS TVIZIRX WPSWLMRK
)EGL GSRGIRXVEXI WXSVEKI XERO WLEPP FI TVSZMHIH
[MXL E FVEWW WXEMRPIWW WXIIP SV SXLIV GSVVSWMSRVIWMWXERX TVIW
WYVI ZEGYYQ 4: ZIRX
)EGL XERO WLEPP LEZI E WYTTSVX WXVYGXYVI JSV QSYRX
MRK XLI XERO XS XLI WLMTvW WXVYGXYVI
)EGL XERO WLEPP LEZI E WYQT SV SXLIV QIERW XS
TVIZIRX GPSKKMRK SJ XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WYGXMSR TMTI MR
XLI IZIRX SJ WIHMQIRXEXMSR SV SXLIV JSVIMKR QEXIVMEPW MR XLI
XERO
8LI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WYGXMSR TMTI WLEPP XEOI WYG
XMSR EFSZI XLI FSXXSQ SJ XLI WYQT
4MTMRK 1EXIVMEPW
4MTMRK WLEPP FI MR GSQTPMERGI [MXL 8EFPI SXLIV QEXIVMEPW WLEPP FI TIVQMXXIH XS FI YWIH TVSZMHIH XLI]
LEZI TL]WMGEP TVSTIVXMIW ERH GSVVSWMSR VIWMWXERGI IUYMZEPIRX
XS XLI TMTMRK MHIRXMJMIH MR 8EFPI ERH EVI ETTVSZIH F]
XLI %,.
4MTI MR EVIEW WYFNIGX XS JMVI I\TSWYVI MRGPYHMRK VEHM
ERX ERH GSRHYGXIH LIEX WLEPP FI SJ WXIIP SV SXLIV EPPS] VEXIH
JSV XLI TVIWWYVI TSWWMFPI JMVI XIQTIVEXYVI I\TSWYVI ERH IR
ZMVSRQIRXEP GSRHMXMSRW I\TIGXIH
8EROW WLEPP FI SJ E HIWMKR ERH QEXIVMEPW HIWMKRIH JSV
GSRWXERX WPSWLMRK SJ XLI PMUYMH EKEMRWX XLI XERO WXVYGXYVI
*SEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TMTMRK WLEPP FI GSRWXVYGXIH SJ
QEXIVMEP GSQTEXMFPI [MXL ERH RSX EJJIGXIH F] XLI GSRGIR
XVEXI
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2*4% *SEQ HSIW RSX FVIEO HS[R VIEHMP] ERH [LIR ETTPMIH EX ER
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WGLIQEXMGEPP] MR *MKYVI % E GSRWMWXW SJ WIGXMSRW SJ WXIIP
WLIIX JSVQIH MRXS E GLYXI XLEX MW WIGYVIP] EXXEGLIH XS XLI MR
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MR
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TPEXI QQ MR PSRKA WLSYPH FI TVSZMHIH EX IEGL WLIPP
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IEVP] WXEKIW SJ XLI JMVI ERH TVIZIRXW FYGOPMRK FIJSVI GSSPMRK
[EXIV MW ETTPMIH
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8LI IPIZEXMSR SJ XLI FSXXSQ SJ XLI GSRGIRXVEXI GSRXEMRIV
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HIWMKRIH IUYMTQIRX -X JPS[W JVIIP] SZIV E FYVRMRK PMUYMH WYV
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HMWVYTXMSR JVSQ [MRH ERH HVEJX SV LIEX ERH JPEQI EXXEGO ERH MW
GETEFPI SJ VIWIEPMRK MR GEWI SJ QIGLERMGEP VYTXYVI *MVI
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FEWIH SR W]RXLIXMG GSRGIRXVEXIW ERH GSRXEMRW E KIPPMRK EKIRX
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VSTVSXIMR ERH GSRXEMRW E KIPPMRK EKIRX XLEX TVSXIGXW XLI JSEQ
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EPYQMRYQ ERH TLSWTLSVSYW TIRXS\MHI
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QMKLX SV QMKLX RSX MRGPYHI E JSEQ QEOIV 2IGIWWEV] JSEQ
TVSHYGMRK QEXIVMEPW EVI XVERWTSVXIH XS XLI WGIRI EJXIV XLI JMVI
WXEVXW ERH EVI GSRRIGXIH XS XLI TMTMRK
% *SEQ+IRIVEXMRK 1IXLSHW *SEQ RS^^PI ERH QSRM
XSV WXVIEQW GER EPWS FI IQTPS]IH JSV XLI TVMQEV] TVSXIGXMSR SJ
TVSGIWW YRMXW ERH FYMPHMRKW WYFNIGX XS XLI ETTVSZEP SJ XLI EY
XLSVMX] LEZMRK NYVMWHMGXMSR 8LI HMWGLEVKI GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW SJ
XLI IUYMTQIRX WIPIGXIH XS TVSHYGI JSEQ RS^^PI ERH QSRMXSV
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JSEQ YXMPM^IW E TVSXIMR FEWI TPYW WXEFMPM^MRK EHHMXMZIW ERH MR
LMFMXSVW XS TVSXIGX EKEMRWX JVII^MRK GSVVSWMSR ERH FEGXIVMEP
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YWYEPP] HMPYXIH [MXL [EXIV XS JSVQ E TIVGIRX SV TIVGIRX
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8LMW IUYMTQIRX GER FI EMVEWTMVEXMRK SV FPS[IVJER X]TI
% 4VSXIMR *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 8LIWI GSRGIRXVEXIW
EVI HMPYXIH [MXL [EXIV XS JSVQ TIVGIRX XS TIVGIRX WSPYXMSRW
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QMXXIH XS TVSXIGX JPEQQEFPI ERH GSQFYWXMFPI PMUYMHW
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XIVR *SEQ;EXIV 1SRMXSV
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JSEQ XS MWWYI MR E [MHI TEXXIVR SV E GSQTEGXIH WXVIEQ
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XLI EHZERXEKIW SJ XLI TVIWWYVI TVSTSVXMSRMRK XERO [MXL XLI
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(METLVEKQ TVIWWYVI TVSTSVXMSRMRK XEROW STIVEXI XLVSYKL
E WMQMPEV VERKI SJ [EXIV JPS[W ERH EGGSVHMRK XS XLI WEQI TVMR
GMTPIW EW TVIWWYVI TVSTSVXMSRMRK XEROW 8LI EHHIH HIWMKR JIE
XYVI MW E VIMRJSVGIH IPEWXSQIVMG HMETLVEKQ FPEHHIV XLEX GER
FI YWIH [MXL EPP GSRGIRXVEXIW PMWXIH JSV YWI [MXL XLEX TEVXMGYPEV
HMETLVEKQ FPEHHIV QEXIVMEP ?7II *MKYVI % F A
8LI TVSTSVXMSRIV MW E QSHMJMIH ZIRXYVM HIZMGI [MXL E JSEQ
GSRGIRXVEXI JIIH PMRI JVSQ XLI HMETLVEKQ XERO GSRRIGXIH XS XLI
PS[TVIWWYVI EVIE SJ XLI ZIRXYVM ;EXIV YRHIV TVIWWYVI TEWWIW
XLVSYKL XLI GSRXVSPPIV ERH TEVX SJ XLMW JPS[ MW HMZIVXIH MRXS XLI
[EXIV JIIH PMRI XS XLI HMETLVEKQ XERO 8LMW [EXIV TVIWWYVM^IW XLI
XERO JSVGMRK XLI HMETLVEKQ JMPPIH [MXL JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI XS
WPS[P] GSPPETWI 8LMW JSVGIW XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI SYX XLVSYKL XLI
JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI JIIH PMRI ERH MRXS XLI PS[TVIWWYVI EVIE SJ XLI
TVSTSVXMSRIV GSRXVSPPIV 8LI GSRGIRXVEXI MW QIXIVIH F] YWI SJ ER
SVMJMGI SV QIXIVMRK ZEPZI ERH QM\IW MR XLI TVSTIV TVSTSVXMSR
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2SXI%QSXSVM^IHJSEQGSRGIRXVEXIZEPZI
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4VSTSVXMSRMRKGSRXVSPPIV
(METLVEKQ &PEHHIV 4VSTSVXMSRMRK 8ERO
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[MXL XLI QEMR [EXIV WYTTP] WIRHMRK XLI GSVVIGX JSEQ WSPYXMSR
HS[RWXVIEQ XS XLI JSEQ QEOIVW
8LI PMQMXEXMSRW EVI XLI WEQI EW XLSWI PMWXIH JSV XLI TVIWWYVI
TVSTSVXMSRMRK XERO I\GITX XLEX XLI W]WXIQ GER FI YWIH JSV EPP
X]TIW SJ GSRGIRXVEXIW
% % JSEQ W]WXIQ GSRWMWXW SJ E [EXIV WYTTP] E JSEQ GSRGIR
XVEXI WYTTP] TVSTSVXMSRMRK IUYMTQIRX E TMTMRK W]WXIQ JSEQ
QEOIVW ERH HMWGLEVKI HIZMGIW HIWMKRIH XS HMWXVMFYXI JSEQ IJJIG
XMZIP] SZIV XLI LE^EVH 7SQI W]WXIQW MRGPYHI HIXIGXMSR HIZMGIW
% *1 %TTVSZEPW 'PEWW %TTVSZEP 7XERHEVH JSV *SEQ
)\XMRKYMWLMRK 7]WXIQW 90 7YFNIGX ,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQ
)\XMRKYMWLMRK 7]WXIQ )UYMTQIRX ERH 'SRGIRXVEXIW SV 90 7XER
HEVH 7XERHEVH JSV 7EJIX] *SEQ )UYMTQIRX ERH 0MUYMH 'SRGIR
XVEXIW WLSYPH FI GSRWYPXIH JSV TSWWMFPI PMWXMRK VIUYMVIQIRXW
% 6IG]GPIH [EXIV TVSGIWWIH [EXIV SV KVE] [EXIV GER
FI YXMPM^IH JSV JSEQ TVSHYGXMSR ;LIR YWIH E GSQTIXIRX
IZEPYEXMSR JSV XLI WYMXEFMPMX] SJ XLI [EXIV UYEPMX] WLSYPH FI
GSRHYGXIH
% %HHMXMSREP [EXIV WYTTPMIW EVI VIGSQQIRHIH JSV
GSSPMRK XLI LSX XERO WLIPP XS EWWMWX XLI JSEQ MR WIEPMRK EKEMRWX
XLI WLIPP 7SQI JSEQW EVI WYWGITXMFPI XS FVIEOHS[R ERH JEMP
YVI XS WIEP EW E VIWYPX SJ LIEXMRK XLI XERO WLIPP HYI XS TVS
PSRKIH FYVRMRK TVMSV XS EKIRX HMWGLEVKI
% ,MKLIV SV PS[IV [EXIV XIQTIVEXYVIW GER VIHYGI
JSEQ IJJMGMIRG]
% 7SQI GSRGIRXVEXIW EVI WYMXEFPI JSV YWI FSXL SR L]HVS
GEVFSR JYIPW ERH SR [EXIVQMWGMFPI SV TSPEV JYIPW ERH WSPZIRXW
% 8LI QIXLSH SJ QIEWYVIQIRX WLSYPH FI MHIRXM
JMIH MRGPYHMRK XLI HIZMGI YWIH ERH TEVEQIXIVW WYGL EW XIQ
TIVEXYVI WTMRHPI RYQFIV ERH WTMRHPI WTIIH MR VIZSPYXMSRW
TIV QMRYXI IK &VSSOJMIPH ZMWGSQIXIV % 8LI PIZIP SJ GSRGIRXVEXI MR XLI WXSVEKI XERO WLSYPH
FI QSRMXSVIH XS IRWYVI XLEX ER EHIUYEXI WYTTP] MW EZEMPEFPI EX
EPP XMQIW 8LI LE^EVH VIUYMVMRK XLI PEVKIWX JSEQ WSPYXMSR JPS[
VEXI HSIW RSX RIGIWWEVMP] HMGXEXI XLI XSXEP EQSYRX SJ JSEQ GSR
GIRXVEXI VIUYMVIH *SV I\EQTPI E 'PEWW -- TVSHYGX XERO VIUYMV
MRK E JPS[ SJ 0QMR KTQ JSEQ WSPYXMSR JSV QMR
YXIW [SYPH VIUYMVI 0 KEP SJ TIVGIRX GSRGIRXVEXI
% 'PEWW - TVSHYGX XERO VIUYMVMRK E JPS[ SJ 0QMR
KTQ JSEQ WSPYXMSR JSV QMRYXIW [SYPH VIUYMVI 0
KEP SJ TIVGIRX GSRGIRXVEXMSR
% 7SQI JSEQ TVSTSVXMSRMRK W]WXIQW GER LEZI ER
MRLIVIRX TVSFPIQ VIPEXIH XS PSWW SJ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI
ERHSV HEQEKI XS FPEHHIV XEROW SV JSEQ TYQTW MJ RSX WLYX
HS[R TVSTIVP] JSPPS[MRK W]WXIQ EGXMZEXMSR 8LIVI EVI X[S
WGIREVMSW XLEX GER SGGYV HITIRHMRK SR XLI TVSTSVXMSRMRK
W]WXIQ EVVERKIQIRX &PEHHIV XERO TVSTSVXMSRMRK W]WXIQW
[MXL XLI [EXIV JIIH PMRI XS XLI FPEHHIV XERO W GSRRIGXIH
FIPS[ XLI JSEQ VMWIV QERYEP WLYXSJJ SYXWMHI WGVI[ ERH ]SOI
37 = KEXI ZEPZI GER FI ZYPRIVEFPI HITIRHMRK SR XLI W]W
XIQ WLYXHS[R TVSGIHYVI JSPPS[IH ;LIR XLI VMWIV WLYXSJJ
ZEPZI MW GPSWIH JMVWX JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI GSRXMRYIW XS JPS[ MRXS
XLI HITVIWWYVM^IH VMWIV XLVSYKL XLI TVSTSVXMSRIV JSEQ QI
XIVMRK SVMJMGI -J XLMW GSRHMXMSR GSRXMRYIW EPP JSEQ GSRGIR
XVEXI MR XLI FPEHHIV XERO [MPP FI JSVGIH MRXS XLI VMWIV ERH
JSEQ WSPYXMSR HMWXVMFYXMSR TMTMRK -RPMRI FEPERGIH TVIW
WYVI SV FEPERGIH TVIWWYVI JSEQ TYQTX]TI TVSTSVXMSRMRK
W]WXIQW GER EPWS I\TIVMIRGI E WMQMPEV PSWW SJ JSEQ GSRGIR
XVEXI HITIRHMRK SR XLI W]WXIQ MRWXEPPEXMSR EVVERKIQIRX -J
XLI [EXIV WYTTP] VMWIV 37 = ZEPZI MW PSGEXIH FIJSVI YT
WXVIEQ XLI JSEQ TVSTSVXMSRIV [MXL XLI JSEQ TYQT WXMPP
VYRRMRK XLI WEQI TSXIRXMEP JSV JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI PSWW I\
MWXW ;LIR XLI [EXIV WYTTP] VMWIV 37 = ZEPZI MW GPSWIH XLI
JSEQ TVSTSVXMSRIV MW RS PSRKIV TVIWWYVM^IH ERH JSEQ GSR
GIRXVEXI [MPP FI JSVGIH XLVSYKL XLI TVSTSVXMSRIV ERH QI
XIVMRK SVMJMGI MRXS XLI VMWIV -J EPPS[IH XS GSRXMRYI XLMW GSR
HMXMSR [MPP HITPIXI XLI JSEQ XERO ERH TSWWMFP] GEYWI LEVQ XS
XLI JSEQ TYQT F] VYRRMRK MR E wHV]x GSRHMXMSR 'PSWI XLI
JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WYTTP] ZEPZI FIJSVI WLYXXMRK SJJ XLI [EXIV
WYTTP] ZEPZI XS TVIZIRX PSWW SJ GSRGIRXVEXI -R XLI GEWI SJ E
TYQTX]TI W]WXIQ MX [MPP EPPS[ JSEQ XS VIGMVGYPEXI FEGO XS
XLI JSEQ XERO YRXMP XLI JSEQ TYQT MW WLYX SJJ %PXIVREXMZIP]
MR XLI GEWI SJ FPEHHIV XERO W]WXIQW XLI [EXIV JIIH ZEPZI XS
XLI XERO W GSYPH FI GPSWIH [LMGL [SYPH WXST XLI JSEQ
MRNIGXMSR TVSGIWW
% 7MRGI WYGL W]WXIQW QMKLX SV QMKLX RSX FI STIV
EXIH JSV PSRK TIVMSHW EJXIV MRWXEPPEXMSR XLI GLSMGI SJ TVSTIV
WXSVEKI GSRHMXMSRW ERH QEMRXIRERGI QIXLSHW PEVKIP] HIXIV
QMRIW XLI VIPMEFMPMX] ERH XLI HIKVII SJ I\GIPPIRGI SJ W]WXIQ
STIVEXMSR [LIR XLI] EVI TYX MRXS WIVZMGI
% *SEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW EVI WYFNIGX XS JVII^MRK ERH XS
HIXIVMSVEXMSR JVSQ TVSPSRKIH WXSVEKI EX LMKL XIQTIVEXYVIW
8LI WXSVEKI XIQTIVEXYVI WLSYPH FI QSRMXSVIH XS IRWYVI XLEX
PMWXIH XIQTIVEXYVI PMQMXEXMSRW EVI RSX I\GIIHIH 'SRGIRXVEXIW
GER FI WXSVIH MR XLI GSRXEMRIVW MR [LMGL XLI] EVI XVERWTSVXIH
SV GER FI XVERWJIVVIH MRXS PEVKI FYPO WXSVEKI XEROW HITIRHMRK
SR XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ XLI W]WXIQ 8LI PSGEXMSR SJ WXSVIH GSR
XEMRIVW VIUYMVIW WTIGMEP GSRWMHIVEXMSR XS TVSXIGX EKEMRWX I\XI
VMSV HIXIVMSVEXMSR HYI XS VYWXMRK SV SXLIV GEYWIW &YPO WXSVEKI
GSRXEMRIVW EPWS VIUYMVI WTIGMEP HIWMKR GSRWMHIVEXMSR XS QMRM
QM^I XLI PMUYMH WYVJEGI MR GSRXEGX [MXL EMV
% 3JXIR HMJJIVIRX FVERHW SJ XLI WEQI X]TI SJ JSEQ GSR
GIRXVEXIW EVI JSYRH XS FI GLIQMGEPP] GSQTEXMFPI ,S[IZIV FI
JSVI HMJJIVIRX FVERHW SJ GSRGIRXVEXIW EVI QM\IH JSV PSRKXIVQ
WXSVEKI IZEPYEXMSRW WLSYPH FI QEHI XS HIXIVQMRI WYGL GSQTEX
MFMPMX] % RYQFIV SJ TEVEQIXIVW WLSYPH FI GSRWMHIVIH ERH IZEPY
EXIH FIJSVI GSRGIRXVEXIW EVI QM\IH JSV WXSVEKI -R EHHMXMSR XS
XLI GLIQMGEP GSQTEXMFMPMX] SRI WLSYPH GSRWMHIV IJJIGXW SR TVS
TSVXMSRMRK ERH HMWGLEVKI LEVH[EVI QER] PMWXMRKW ERH ETTVSZEPW
EVI ZIV] WTIGMJMG [MXL VIKEVH XS STIVEXMRK TVIWWYVIW JPS[ VERKIW
ERH QEXIVMEPW SJ GSRWXVYGXMSR SJ LEVH[EVI GSQTSRIRXW 8LI ET
TPMGEXMSR QIXLSH WLSYPH FI XLI WEQI JSV FSXL JSEQW FIMRK
QM\IH 8LI W]WXIQ HIWMKR ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI HIRWMX] QMKLX LEZI
XS FI GLERKIH MJ SRI SJ XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW FIMRK EHQM\IH MW
PMWXIH SV ETTVSZIH EX ER ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI HIRWMX] XLEX MW LMKLIV
XLER XLI SRI YWIH JSV XLI MRMXMEP HIWMKR 8LMW KIRIVEPP] ETTPMIW XS
EPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQW WMRGI XLIMV PMWXMRKW ERH ETTVSZEPW EVI ZIV]
ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI WIRWMXMZI
% 7SQI I\TERHIH JSEQ MW RSX GSQTEXMFPI [MXL EPP HV]
GLIQMGEP EKIRXW
% 7SQI EPGSLSPVIWMWXERX JSEQ TVSTSVXMSRIVW VIUYMVI
QYGL LMKLIV JPS[ VEXIW XS QIIX XLI QMRMQYQ JPS[ ERH TVSTIV
TVSTSVXMSRMRK TIVGIRXEKI SJ XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI FIMRK
YWIH -R FEPERGIH TVIWWYVI W]WXIQW [LIR XLI JPS[ MW PIWW XLER
XLI PMWXIH QMRMQYQ XLI JSEQ TIVGIRXEKI MW PIWW XLER XLI VI
UYMVIH [LIVI E WQEPPIV TVSTSVXMSRIV WLSYPH FI ETTPMIH SV ER
MRPMRI FEPERGIH TVIWWYVI TVSTSVXMSRMRK W]WXIQ WLSYPH FI
YWIH [LIR XLI JPS[ VEXI MW FIPS[ XLI QMRMQYQ PMWXIH JPS[ VEXI
XLI TIVGIRXEKI MW KVIEXIV XLER XLI HIWMKR TIVGIRXEKI SJ XLI
JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI
% *SEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TYQTW EVI KIRIVEPP] SJ XLI TSWM
XMZI HMWTPEGIQIRX ZEVMIX] 'IRXVMJYKEP TYQTW QMKLX RSX FI
)HMXMSR
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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WYMXEFPI JSV YWI [MXL JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW I\LMFMXMRK LMKL
ZMWGSWMX] GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW 8LI JSEQ IUYMTQIRX QERYJEG
XYVIV WLSYPH FI GSRWYPXIH JSV KYMHERGI
% 8LMW WIGXMSR EHHVIWWIW XLI TMTI WIGXMSR XLEX GSRXEMRW
JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI JVSQ XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WXSVEKI XERO XS
XLI WMHI MRPIX SJ XLI TVSTSVXMSRIV SV IHYGXSV
% 7SQI JPYSVSTVSXIMR JVSQ GSRGIRXVEXIW EVI MRGSQ
TEXMFPI [MXL WXEMRPIWW WXIIP TMTI 'LIGO [MXL XLI QERYJEGXYVIV
SJ XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI XS IRWYVI GSQTEXMFMPMX] SJ XLI JSEQ
GSRGIRXVEXI TMTI QEXIVMEP
% 'EVFSR WXIIP TMTI LEW FIIR YWIH JVS GSRGIRXVEXI
TMTI 7SQI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW MR TEVXMGYPEV EPGSLSPVIWMWXERX
JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW EVI GSVVSWMZI XS XLI GEVFSR WXIIP TMTI ERH
GSYPH HIXIVMSVEXI XLI MRXIKVMX] SJ XLI TMTI 'EVFSR WXIIP TMTI MW
EPWS WYWGITXMFPI XS S\MHEXMSR [LIR EMV MW TVIWIRX MR XLI TMTI
% %HHMXMSREP TVIWWYVI QE] FI VIUYMVIH XS WXEVX JPS[
JVSQ E WXEXMG GSRHMXMSR 8LI JVMGXMSR PSWWIW EWWSGMEXIH [MXL
PEVKI TMTI RIX[SVOW QE] LEZI E WMKRMJMGERX MQTEGX
% 8LMW WIGXMSR EHHVIWW XLI TMTI WIGXMSR W XLEX GSRXEMRW
JSEQ WSPYXMSR PSGEXIH JVSQ XLI JPS[XLVSYKL SYXPIX SJ XLI JSEQ
GSRGIRXVEXI TVSTSVXMSRIV SV IHYGXSV XS XLI HMWGLEVKI HIZMGI
% 1SWX HIPYKI X]TI JSEQ [EXIV W]WXIQW EVI WYFNIGX XS
LEVWL IRZMVSRQIRXEP GSRHMXMSRW [LMGL GER WYFNIGX XLI JSEQ
WSPYXMSR JIIH PMRI TMTMRK XS MRXIVREP XS I\XIVREP GSVVSWMSR
8]TIW SJ W]WXIQW XLEX JEPP MRXS XLMW GEXIKSV] MRGPYHI STIR LIEH
WTVMROPIVW JSEQ WTVE] RS^^PIW QSRMXSVW JSEQ GLEQFIVW
JM\IH JSEQ QEOIVW JM\IH QIHMYQ I\TERWMSR JSEQ QEOIVW
ERH LMKL I\TERWMSR JSEQ W]WXIQW 8LIWI W]WXIQW EVI X]TMGEPP]
YXMPM^IH JSV TVSXIGXMSR SJ JYIP WXSVEKI XEROW HMOIH JYIP GSR
XEMRQIRX EVIEW 02+ JEGMPMXMIW XVYGO ERH VEMP GEV PSEHMRK VEGOW
EMVGVEJX LERKEVW [EVILSYWIW QEVMRI HSGW MRXIVMSV JYIP WXSV
EKI XEROW VIJMRIVMIW ERH QERYJEGXYVMRKTVSGIWWMRK EVIEW
8LI JSEQ WSPYXMSR TMTMRK SR XLIWI W]WXIQW MW I\TSWIH XS
XLIVQEP GLERKIW EMV QSZIQIRX ERH SXLIV IRZMVSRQIRXEP
GSRHMXMSRW XLEX GER GEYWI GSRHIRWEXMSR ERH XLI VIWYPXMRK GSV
VSWMSR GER PIEH XS XLI JSVQEXMSR SJ HIFVMW ERH TMTI WGEPI 8LMW
QEXIVMEP GER MRLMFMX TVSTIV JYRGXMSR SJ XLI JSEQ W]WXIQ HMW
GLEVKI HIZMGIW HYI XS FPSGOEKI 8S EPPIZMEXI XLI TVSFPIQ SJ
JSEQ W]WXIQW [MXL TMTMRK XLEX MW RSVQEPP] STIR XS XLI WYV
VSYRHMRK EXQSWTLIVI XLIWI X]TIW SJ W]WXIQW EVI XS FI GSR
WXVYGXIH YWMRK TMTI JMXXMRK QEXIVMEPW MHIRXMJMIH MR ERH
'SVVSWMZI EXQSWTLIVIW GSYPH VIUYMVI SXLIV GSEXMRKW
% 7II ETTPMGEFPI WIGXMSRW SJ 2*4% % 7II %VXMGPI ERH SXLIV EVXMGPIW MR 'LETXIV SJ
2*4% % 8LIVI LEZI FIIR GEWIW VITSVXIH [LIVI XLI ETTPMGEXMSR
SJ JSEQ XLVSYKL WSPMH WXVIEQW XLEX [IVI TPYRKIH MRXS XLI
JPEQQEFPI PMUYMH LEW FIIR FIPMIZIH XS FI XLI WSYVGI SJ MKRM
XMSR SJ XLI IRWYMRK JMVI 8LI MKRMXMSRW LEZI FIIR EXXVMFYXIH XS
WXEXMG HMWGLEVKIW VIWYPXMRK JVSQ WTPEWLMRK ERH XYVFYPIRGI
8LIVIJSVI ER] ETTPMGEXMSR SJ JSEQ XS ER YRMKRMXIH JPEQQEFPI
PMUYMH WLSYPH FI EW KIRXPI EW TSWWMFPI 'SVVIGX ETTPMGEXMSR
QIXLSHW [MXL TSVXEFPI IUYMTQIRX QMKLX MRGPYHI E WTVE] TEX
XIVR SV FEROMRK XLI JSEQ WXVIEQ SJJ E FEGOFSEVH WS XLEX XLI
JSEQ JPS[W KIRXP] SRXS XLI PMUYMH WYVJEGI %PWS GSVVIGXP] HI
WMKRIH JM\IH JSEQ GLEQFIVW SR XEROW GSYPH FI I\TIGXIH XS
HIPMZIV XLI JSEQ JEMVP] KIRXP] ERH RSX GEYWI E TVSFPIQ 'SZ
IVIH MRXIVREP JPSEXMRK VSSJ XEROW GER I\TIVMIRGI X[S HMWXMRGX
X]TIW SJ JMVIW E JYPP WYVJEGI EVIE JMVI EW E VIWYPX SJ XLI JPSEXMRK
VSSJ WMROMRK SV E WIEP JMVI 8LIVI LEZI FIIR JI[ JMVIW MR
HSYFPIHIGO SV TSRXSSRX]TI JPSEXMRK VSSJ XEROW [LIVI JM\IH
VSSJW ERH ZIRXMRK EVI HIWMKRIH MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL 2*4% 4VMSV XS WIPIGXMRK XLI QIXLSH SJ TVSXIGXMSR XLI X]TI SJ JMVI
XLEX [MPP WIVZI EW XLI FEWMW JSV HIWMKR WLSYPH FI HIJMRIH
3YXHSSV *M\IH6SSJ 'SRI 8EROW ;MXLMR XLI WGSTI SJ XLMW
WXERHEVH JM\IHVSSJ GSRI XEROW EVI HIJMRIH EW ZIVXMGEP G]PMR
HVMGEP XEROW [MXL E JM\IH VSSJ HIWMKRIH EW E GSRMGEP WIGXMSR ERH
XLI] GSQTP] [MXL XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW WIX JSVXL MR 2*4% 8]TM
GEPP] XLIWI XEROW LEZI E [IEO WIEQ EX XLI NYRGXMSR SJ XLI ZIVXM
GEP WMHI ERH VSSJ -R XLI IZIRX SJ ER MRXIVREP I\TPSWMSR XLI
WIEQ YWYEPP] TEVXW ERH XLI VSSJ FPS[W SJJ PIEZMRK XLI WLIPP
MRXEGX XS VIXEMR XLI XERO GSRXIRXW 8LI VIWYPXMRK JMVI MRZSPZIW
XLI IRXMVI I\TSWIH WYVJEGI SJ XLI TVSHYGX
8LIWI W]WXIQW EVI YWIH JSV XLI TVSXIGXMSR SJ SYXHSSV TVSGIWW
ERH WXSVEKI XEROW 8LI] MRGPYHI XLI TVSXIGXMSR SJ WYGL LE^EVHW MR
QERYJEGXYVMRK TPERXW EW [IPP EW MR PEVKI XERO JEVQW SMP VIJMRIVMIW
ERH GLIQMGEP TPERXW 8LIWI W]WXIQW YWYEPP] EVI HIWMKRIH JSV
QERYEP STIVEXMSR FYX MR [LSPI SV MR TEVX GER FI EYXSQEXMG MR
STIVEXMSR *SEQ W]WXIQW EVI XLI TVIJIVVIH TVSXIGXMSR JSV PEVKI
SYXHSSV XEROW SJ JPEQQEFPI PMUYMHW EW WLS[R MR *MKYVI %
*SEQQEHILIVIEXGLEQFIVW
4YQTTVSTSVXMSRIV
% 'SVVSWMZI EXQSWTLIVIW GSYPH VIUYMVI SXLIV GSEXMRKW
% ;IPHMRK MW TVIJIVEFPI [LIVI MX GER FI HSRI [MXLSYX
MRXVSHYGMRK JMVI LE^EVHW
% % LE^EVH EVIE KIRIVEPP] MRGPYHIW EPP EVIEW [MXLMR HMOIW
ERH [MXLMR Q JX SJ XEROW [MXLSYX HMOIW 3XLIV EVIEW
XLEX WLSYPH FI GSRWMHIVIH LE^EVH EVIEW MRGPYHI XLI JSPPS[MRK
0SGEXMSRW QSVI XLER Q JX JVSQ XEROW [MXLSYX
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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XIGXMSR SJ E LE^EVH HSIW RSX RIGIWWEVMP] MQTP] XLEX MX MW I\
TIGXIH XLEX XLI W]WXIQ [MPP GSQTPIXIP] I\XMRKYMWL XLI JMVI SV
IZIR WS RIEVP] I\XMRKYMWL MX EW XS VIRHIV XLI JMVI MRGETEFPI SJ
VIKEMRMRK XLI SJJIRWMZI 6EXLIV XLI IJJIGX WSYKLX QMKLX SJXIR
FI WTIIH] GSRXVSP [MXL QMRMQYQ JMVI HEQEKI XS GSRXIRXW RSX
MRZSPZIH MR XLI JMVI
;LIR LMKLI\TERWMSR JSEQ MW IWXEFPMWLMRK SV LEW IWXEF
PMWLIH GSRXVSP SJ E JMVI GEVI QYWX FI I\IVGMWIH XLEX GSRXVSP MW
RSX PSWX 8LI JSPPS[MRK TSMRXW WLSYPH FI OITX MR QMRH HITIRH
MRK SR XLI TEVXMGYPEV JMVI WSQI SV EPP QMKLX FI ZMXEP
%PP TIVWSRW WLSYPH FI E[EVI SJ XLI RIGIWWMX] JSV XMKLX GPS
WYVI )QTPS]IIW FVMKEHI QIQFIVW ERH XLI JMVI HITEVX
QIRX WLSYPH QSZI VETMHP] XS GPSWI ER] STIRMRKW XLVSYKL
[LMGL JSEQ MW FIMRK PSWX -QTVSZMWIH GPSWYVIW GER FI
QEHI SJ TVEGXMGEPP] ER] EZEMPEFPI QEXIVMEP WYGL EW JMRI
QIWL WGVIIRMRK TPEWXMG TP][SSH SV GEVHFSEVH
-J XLI QEXIVMEP MRZSPZIH MW PMEFPI XS WYWXEMR HIITWIEXIH
JMVIW WYGL EW JYVRMXYVI TEGOEKIH QEXIVMEP JMFIVW ERH
VSPPW SJ TETIV TEVXMGYPEV GEVI QYWX FI I\IVGMWIH MR STIR
MRK YT XLI EVIEW ERH VIQSZMRK XLI JSEQ )ZIR [LIVI SRP]
WYVJEGI JMVI MW XLSYKLX TSWWMFPI EW MR JPEQQEFPI PMUYMHW
WQSPHIVMRK 'PEWW % QEXIVMEP GER GEYWI VIMKRMXMSR
% wWSEOMRKx TIVMSH WLSYPH IPETWI FIJSVI JSEQ MW VIQSZIH
8LMW TIVMSH GER FI EW PSRK EW ER LSYV ERH WLSYPH FI TVI
HIXIVQMRIH FEWIH SR XLI JYIP MR XLI EVIE
% %HHMXMSREP JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI GSYPH FI RIIHIH
WLSYPH VIMKRMXMSR SGGYV
% 8LI JSPPS[MRK TSMRXW WLSYPH FI GSRWMHIVIH HYV
MRK SZIVLEYP STIVEXMSRW
%PP JSEQ ERH WTVMROPIV W]WXIQW XLEX EVI WLYX SJJ WLSYPH
LEZI TIVWSRRIP WXERHMRK F] ZEPZIW XS XYVR XLIQ FEGO SR MJ
XLMW WLSYPH FIGSQI RIGIWWEV]
*SEQ WYTTPMIW WLSYPH FI VITPIRMWLIH MJ HITPIXIH
,ERH LSWIPMRIW WLSYPH FI GLEVKIH ERH QERRIH 4IVWSREP
TVSXIGXMZI IUYMTQIRX WLSYPH FI HSRRIH 7IPJGSRXEMRIH
FVIEXLMRK ETTEVEXYW QYWX FI [SVR MR XLI wVIEH]x TSWMXMSR
WS XLIVI [MPP FI RS HIPE] MR TYXXMRK MX MR WIVZMGI
*SEQ WLSYPH FI VIQSZIH JMVWX JVSQ XLI JMVI EVIE ERH
WLSYPH FI GSSVHMREXIH [MXL SZIVLEYP ERH WEPZEKI STIVE
XMSRW 8LI XSXEP PSWW [MPP FI OITX XS E QMRMQYQ MJ XLSYKLX
PIWW STIVEXMSRW EVI EZSMHIH 3RGI XLI JMVI MW YRHIV GSR
XVSP YRHYI LEWXI XS I\XMRKYMWL XLI PEWX IQFIV GER KVIEXP]
MRGVIEWI XLI PSWW
'EYXMSR WLSYPH FI XEOIR MR IRXIVMRK TVIZMSYWP] JSEQ
JMPPIH EVIEW TEVXMGYPEVP] MR WXVYGXYVIW [MXL TMXW SV STIRMRKW
MR XLI JPSSV
8LI EVIE WLSYPH FI [IPP ZIRXMPEXIH FYX STIRMRKW XLVSYKL
[LMGL JSEQ QMKLX FI PSWX WLSYPH FI OITX XS E QMRMQYQ
ERH QERRIH JSV GPSWMRK MJ XLMW WLSYPH FIGSQI RIGIWWEV]
'SRWMHIVEXMSR WLSYPH FI KMZIR XS HMWTSWEP SJ XLI JSEQ XS
TVIZIRX ER] YRHYI LE^EVH XS EHNEGIRX EVIEW
% 8LIWI W]WXIQW EVI FIWX EHETXIH XS XLI TVSXIGXMSR
SJ IWWIRXMEPP] JPEX WYVJEGIW WYGL EW GSRJMRIH WTMPPW STIR XEROW
HVEMRFSEVHW GYVFIH EVIEW TMXW XVIRGLIW ERH WS JSVXL
% *IRGIW GSRWXVYGXIH SJ SVHMREV] QIXEP [MRHS[
WGVIIR QIWL LEZI FIIR WLS[R XS TVSZMHI ER IJJIGXMZI FEVVMIV
XLEX EPPS[W GSRJMRIQIRX SJ QIHMYQ ERH LMKLI\TERWMSR JSEQ
XS E TVSXIGXIH EVIE
% ,MKLI\TERWMSR JSEQ LEW FIIR WLS[R XS FI IJJIGXMZI
MR GSRXVSPPMRK 02+ WTMPP XIWX JMVIW ERH MR VIHYGMRK HS[R[MRH
ZETSV GSRGIRXVEXMSR JVSQ YRMKRMXIH 02+ WTMPP XIWX JMVIW MR
GSRJMRIH EVIEW YT XS Q JX 7TIGMEP TVSZMWMSRW JSV PMUYIJMIH REXYVEP KEW 02+ JMVI ERH
ZETSV GSRXVSP EVI EW JSPPS[W
%TTPMGEXMSR GSRGITXW JSV JMVI GSRXVSP 8IWXW WTSRWSVIH F] XLI
%QIVMGER +EW %WWSGMEXMSR %+% LEZI WLS[R XLEX XLI
EQSYRX SJ VEHMEXMSR JVSQ E FYVRMRK 02+ WTMPP GER FI VI
HYGIH F] EW QYGL EW TIVGIRX [MXL WSQI LMKLI\TERWMSR
JSEQW 8LMW VIHYGXMSR MW HYI MR TEVX XS XLI JSEQ FEVVMIV
[LMGL VIHYGIW ZETSVM^EXMSR F] FPSGOMRK LIEX JIIHFEGO JVSQ
XLI JPEQIW XS XLI 02+ *SEQW LEZMRK E PS[I\TERWMSR VEXMS
GSRXEMR E KVIEX HIEP SJ [EXIV EX EQFMIRX XIQTIVEXYVI XLEX
XIRHW XS MRGVIEWI XLI ZETSVM^EXMSR VEXI [LIR MX HVEMRW MRXS
XLI 02+ -R XLI %+% XIWXW GSRXVSP [EW IWXEFPMWLIH [MXL I\
TERWMSR VEXMSW KVIEXIV XLER EPXLSYKL ER I\TERWMSR
VEXMS SJ EFSYX TVSZIH QSWX IJJIGXMZI (MJJIVIRX FVERHW
SJ JSEQ WLS[ GSRWMHIVEFPI ZEVMEXMSR MR XLIMV EFMPMX] XS GSR
XVSP 02+ JMVIW % VETMHP] HVEMRMRK JSEQ [MPP MRGVIEWI XLI 02+
ZETSVM^EXMSR VEXI ERH I\EKKIVEXI XLI JMVI MRXIRWMX] 8LI HVMIV
JSEQ VIQEMRMRK MW PIWW VIWMWXERX XS XLIVQEP IJJIGXW ERH FVIEOW
HS[R QSVI VIEHMP] 3XLIV JEGXSVW WYGL EW FYFFPI WM^I JPYMH
MX] ERH PMRIEV FYVR VEXI GER EJJIGX JMVI GSRXVSP 8LIVIJSVI
XIWX VIWYPXW SR 02+ JMVIW MRGPYHMRK XLI XIWX HIWGVMFIH MR 7IG
XMSR + WLSYPH FI VIZMI[IH FIJSVI WIPIGXMRK E JSEQ JSV 02+
JMVI GSRXVSP
(S[R[MRH ZETSV LE^EVH GSRXVSP ;LIR JMVWX IZSPZIH JVSQ E
WTMPP YRMKRMXIH 02+ ZETSVW EVI LIEZMIV XLER EMV %W XLIWI
ZETSVW EVI LIEXIH F] WYRPMKLX SV F] GSRXEGX [MXL XLI EMV XLI]
IZIRXYEPP] FIGSQI FYS]ERX ERH HMWTIVWI YT[EVH &IJSVI
XLMW YT[EVH HMWTIVWEP SGGYVW LS[IZIV LMKL ZETSV GSRGIR
XVEXMSRW GER JSVQ HS[R[MRH SJ ER YRMKRMXIH WTMPP EX SV RIEV
KVSYRH PIZIP ,MKLI\TERWMSR JSEQ GER FI YWIH XS VIHYGI
XLMW ZETSV GSRGIRXVEXMSR F] EHHMRK LIEX JVSQ XLI [EXIV MR
XLI JSEQ XS XLI 02+ ZETSVW EW XLI] TEWW XLVSYKL XLI JSEQ
FPEROIX &IGEYWI SJ XLI MRHYGIH FYS]ERG] XLI ETTPMGEXMSR
SJ LMKLI\TERWMSR JSEQ GER VIHYGI HS[R[MRH KEW GSRGIR
XVEXMSRW EX KVSYRH PIZIP )\TERWMSRW MR XLI VERKI SJ XS
LEZI FIIR JSYRH XS TVSZMHI XLI QSWX IJJIGXMZI HMWTIV
WMSR GSRXVSP FYX XLI LMKLIV I\TERWMSRW GER FI EHZIVWIP] EJ
JIGXIH F] [MRH ,S[IZIV EW [MXL JMVI GSRXVSP EFMPMX] XS GSR
XVSP ZETSV HMWTIVWMSR ZEVMIW EQSRK HMJJIVIRX JSEQW ERH
WLSYPH FI HIQSRWXVEXIH F] XIWXW
7II 2*4% % JSV MRJSVQEXMSR SR JMVI TVSXIGXMSR VIUYMVI
QIRXW JSV 02+ JEGMPMXMIW
% 02+ JMVI ERH ZETSV GSRXVSP VIJIVIRGI TYFPMGEXMSRW
EVI EW JSPPS[W
%QIVMGER +EW %WWSGMEXMSR 4VSNIGX -7 w02+ 7TMPPW SR
0ERHx 2SZIQFIV %QIVMGER +EW %WWSGMEXMSR 4VSNIGX -7 w%R )\TIVM
QIRXEP 7XYH] SR XLI 1MXMKEXMSR SJ *PEQQEFPI :ETSV (MW
TIVWMSR ERH *MVI ,E^EVHW -QQIHMEXIP] *SPPS[MRK 02+
7TMPPW SR 0ERHx *IFVYEV] )HMXMSR
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-RXIVREXMSREP 7]QTSWMYQ SR 8VERWTSVX SJ ,E^EVHSYW
'EVKSIW F] 7IE ERH -RPERH ;EXIV[E]W .EGOWSRZMPPI *0
3GXSFIV ,YQFIVX&EWWIX 6 ERH 1SRXIX % w*PEQQEFPI 1M\XYVI
4IRIXVEXMSR MR XLI %XQSWTLIVI JVSQ 7TMPPEKI SJ 02+x
8LMVH -RXIVREXMSREP 'SRJIVIRGI SR 02+ ;EWLMRKXSR
(' 7ITXIQFIV w0MUYIJMIH 2EXYVEP +EW'LEVEGXIVMWXMGW ERH &YVRMRK &I
LEZMSVx 'SRGL 1IXLERI 7IVZMGIW 0XH w02+ :ETSV 'SRGIRXVEXMSR 6IHYGXMSR ERH *MVI 'SRXVSP
[MXL 17%6 ,MKL )\TERWMSR *SEQx 1MRI 7EJIX] %TTPM
ERGIW 6IWIEVGL 'SVT )ZERW 'MX] 4%
7GLRIMHIV %PER 0 w0MUYIJMIH 2EXYVEP +EW 7EJIX] 6I
WIEVGL 3ZIVZMI[x 2EXMSREP 8IGLRMGEP -RJSVQEXMSR 7IV
ZMGI 7TVMRKJMIPH :% (IGIQFIV ;IPOIV . IX EP w*MVI 7EJIX] %FSEVH 02+ :IWWIPWx .ERYEV]
;IWWSR , 6 ;IPOIV . 6 ERH &VS[R 0 ) w'SRXVSP
02+ 7TMPP *MVIWx ,]HVSGEVFSR 4VSGIWWMRK (IGIQFIV 8LMW TETIV GSRXEMRW EHHMXMSREP VIJIVIRGIW SR QER]
EWTIGXW SJ 02+ WEJIX] VIWIEVGL MRGPYHMRK XLI YWI SJ LMKL
I\TERWMSR JSEQ SR 02+
7MRGI XMQI XS MRMXMEXI EGXYEXMSR MW E GVMXMGEP JEGXSV MR 02+
JMVI GSRXVSP WTIGMEP EXXIRXMSR WLSYPH FI KMZIR XS LIEX IJJIGXW
ERH TSXIRXMEP JMVI WTVIEH XS EHNEGIRX EVIEW HYVMRK XLI XMQI
TIVMSH JSV ETTPMGEXMSR SJ JSEQ MRXS XLI 02+ WTMPP
% 0MQMXIH WIVZMGI GSRXVSPPIVW KIRIVEPP] HS RSX LEZI E
WIVZMGI HMWGSRRIGX QIERW -R SVHIV XS TIVJSVQ VSYXMRI MRWTIG
XMSR ERH QEMRXIRERGI WEJIP] MX QMKLX FI HIWMVEFPI XS TVSZMHI
ER I\XIVREP WIVZMGI HMWGSRRIGX 7TIGMEP GEVI QYWX FI XEOIR XS
IRWYVI XLEX XLI HMWGSRRIGX MW RSX PIJX MR E TSWMXMSR VIRHIVMRK
XLI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI TYQT MRSTIVEFPI
% 3RI SJ XLI JSPPS[MRK HIWMKRW GER FI YWIH
4MTMRK PIWW XLER QQ MR MR HMEQIXIV
E ;LIVI TMTMRK MW FYVMIH E W[MRK NSMRX SV SXLIV QIERW
WLSYPH FI TVSZMHIH EX IEGL XERO VMWIV XS EFWSVF XLI
YT[EVH JSVGI 8LI W[MRK NSMRX WLSYPH GSRWMWX SJ ET
TVSZIH WXERHEVH [IMKLX WXIIP HYGXMPI SV QEPPIEFPI
MVSR JMXXMRKW
F ;LIVI TMTMRK MW WYTTSVXIH EFSZIKVSYRH MX WLSYPH
RSX FI WIGYVIH JSV E HMWXERGI SJ Q JX JVSQ XLI
XERO WLIPP XS TVSZMHI JPI\MFMPMX] MR ER YT[EVH HMVIGXMSR
WS XLEX E W[MRK NSMRX MW RSX RIIHIH -J XLIVI EVI
XLVIEHIH GSRRIGXMSRW [MXLMR XLMW HMWXERGI XLI]
WLSYPH FI FEGO [IPHIH JSV WXVIRKXL
8LI ZIVXMGEP TMTMRK SJ QQ MR MR HMEQIXIV ERH
KVIEXIV SR XLI TVSXIGXIH XERO WLSYPH FI TVSZMHIH [MXL
SRI FVEGI EX IEGL WLIPP GSYVWI 8LMW HIWMKR WLSYPH FI TIV
QMXXIH XS FI YWIH MR PMIY SJ W[MRK NSMRXW SV SXLIV ETTVSZIH
EFSZIKVSYRH JPI\MFMPMX] EW WTIGMJMIH MR % E ERH
% F 8LMW VMWIV GER FI [IPHIH XS XLI XERO F]
QIERW SJ WXIIP FVEGI TPEXIW TSWMXMSRIH TIVTIRHMGYPEV XS
XLI XERO ERH GIRXIVIH SR XLI VMWIV TMTI
% %TTPMGEXMSR VEXIW EVI KIRIVEPP] IWXEFPMWLIH F] WTI
GMJMG JMVI XIWXW WYGL EW XLEX MR 7IGXMSR + [LIVI XLI IUYMT
QIRX [EXIV WYTTP] JYIP ERH TL]WMGEP ERH GLIQMGEP QEOIYT SJ
XLI GERHMHEXI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI EVI GEVIJYPP] GSRXVSPPIH
;LMPI XLIWI XIWXW GER FI YWIJYP JSV GSQTEVMRK ZEVMSYW JSEQW
XLI] SJXIR KMZI QMRMQYQ ETTPMGEXMSR VEXIW FIGEYWI XLI] EVI
GSRHYGXIH YRHIV MHIEP [IEXLIV GSRHMXMSRW [MXL RS SFWXVYG
XMSRW SV FEVVMIVW XS JMVI GSRXVSP 8LI JMREP HIWMKR VEXIW EVI KIR
IVEPP] XS XMQIW XLI XIWX VEXIW 8LYW XLI VEXIW GER ZIV] WMKRMJM
GERXP] JVSQ SRI JSEQ EKIRX XS ERSXLIV
% ;MXL EPP[IPHIH GSRWXVYGXMSR XLMW GSYPH FI XLI SRP]
NSMRX XLEX GER FI STIRIH
% 8LI QMRMQYQ JSEQ HITXL EX ER] TSMRX MR XLI LE^
EVH EVIE [MPP ZEV] FYX QSWX HIWMKRW LEZI EXXIQTXIH XS SFXEMR
Q XS Q JX XS JX SJ JSEQ HITXL SZIV XLI 02+
WTMPP EVIE [MXLMR XLI XMQI IWXEFPMWLIH MR XLI EREP]WMW
% 8LI TVSZMWMSRW SJ XLMW QEVMRI GLETXIV [IVI HIZIPSTIH
FEWIH SR ORS[PIHKI SJ TVEGXMGIW SJ XLMW WXERHEVH 730%7 XLI
-&' 'SHI ERH 97'+ VIKYPEXMSRW ERH KYMHERGI -R SVHIV XS
LEVQSRM^I XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ XLMW GLETXIV [MXL XLI TVEGXMGIW
SJ XLIWI SXLIV WXERHEVHW XLI ZEPYIW KMZIR MR XLI QIXVMG GSRZIV
WMSRW MR 'LETXIV WLSYPH FI GSRWMHIVIH XLI VIUYMVIH ZEPYI
% 7YGGIWWJYP I\XMRKYMWLQIRX SJ JMVI [MXL TSVXEFPI
JSEQKIRIVEXMRK HIZMGIW MW HITIRHIRX SR XLI MRHMZMHYEP EFMPMX]
ERH XIGLRMUYI SJ XLI STIVEXSV
% -X MW KSSH TVEGXMGI JSV XLI S[RIV SV LMW SV LIV HIWMK
REXIH VITVIWIRXEXMZI MI EVGLMXIGX GSRXVEGXSV SV SXLIV EY
XLSVM^IH TIVWSR XS VIZMI[ XLI FEWMG LE^EVH SV QSHMJMGEXMSRW
[MXL XLI %,. XS SFXEMR KYMHERGI ERH TVIPMQMREV] ETTVSZEP SJ
XLI TVSTSWIH TVSXIGXMSR GSRGITX 8LI TSWWMFMPMX] ERH I\XIRX
SJ HEQEKI F] XLI EKIRX WLSYPH FI IZEPYEXIH [LIR WIPIGXMRK
ER] I\XMRKYMWLMRK W]WXIQ -R GIVXEMR GEWIW WYGL EW XEROW SV
GSRXEMRIVW SJ IHMFPI SMPW GSSOMRK SMPW SV SXLIV JSSH
TVSGIWWMRK EKIRXW SV MR SXLIV GEWIW [LIVI GSRXEQMREXMSR
XLVSYKL XLI YWI SJ JSEQ GSYPH MRGVIEWI XLI PSWW TSXIRXMEP WYF
WXERXMEPP] XLI %,. WLSYPH FI GSRWYPXIH VIKEVHMRK XLI X]TI SJ
I\XMRKYMWLMRK EKIRX TVIJIVVIH
% 8LI GSWX SJ XIWXMRK FI]SRH XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW SJ XLMW WXER
HEVH FYX VIUYIWXIH F] XLI %,. WLSYPH FI GSRWMHIVIH 8LI WTIGM
JMGEXMSR WLSYPH MRHMGEXI LS[ XIWXMRK GSWXW EVI XS FI QIX
% 7II 'LETXIV SJ 2*4% JSV L]HVEYPMG GEPGYPE
XMSR TVSGIHYVIW
% *EMPYVI XS MWSPEXI XLI [EXIV WYTTP] JIIH XS XLI FPEHHIV
XERO GER GEYWI E GSRXMRYEXMSR SJ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI HMWGLEVKI
MRXS XLI W]WXIQ VMWIV 8LMW GSRXMRYIH HMWGLEVKI GER GEYWI HEQ
EKI XS XLI FPEHHIV ERH WMTLSR XYFI MRWMHI XLI XERO ERH GER
[EWXI JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI 6MWIVW XLEX LEZI JMPPIH [MXL JSEQ GSR
GIRXVEXI HYI XS XLMW MWWYI GER FI MREHZIVXIRXP] HVEMRIH XLYW
GSRXEQMREXMRK XLI IRZMVSRQIRX [MXL JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI
% %TTVSZEPW SJ WTIGMEPM^IH JSEQ IUYMTQIRX GSQTSRIRXW
EVI X]TMGEPP] FEWIH SR GSQTPMERGI [MXL E WXERHEVH IUYMZEPIRX XS
90 'SQTSRIRX VIZMI[ WLSYPH MRGPYHI XLI JSPPS[MRK
*MVI WYTTVIWWMSR IJJIGXMZIRIWW
6IPMEFMPMX]
1IGLERMGEP WXVIRKXL
'SVVSWMSR VIWMWXERGI
1EXIVMEP GSQTEXMFMPMX]
4VSTIV STIVEXMSR
7XVIWW WLSGO ERH MQTEGX
)\TSWYVI XS WEPX [EXIV WYRPMKLX XIQTIVEXYVI I\XVIQIW
ERH SXLIV IRZMVSRQIRXEP IPIQIRXW
4VSTSVXMSRMRK W]WXIQ XIWX HEXE HIQSRWXVEXMRK EGGITXEFPI
MRNIGXMSR VEXI SZIV XLI MRXIRHIH JPS[ VERKI SJ XLI W]WXIQ
*SEQ WXVIEQ VERKI HEXE FEWIH SR WXMPP EMV XIWXMRK [MXL
QSRMXSV ERH RS^^PI GSQFMREXMSRW
*SEQ UYEPMX] XIWX HEXE HIQSRWXVEXMRK WEXMWJEGXSV] TIV
JSVQERGI GSVVIWTSRHMRK XS WQEPPWGEPI JMVI XIWX RS^^PI
JSEQ UYEPMX]
)HMXMSR
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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03; 1)(-91 %2( ,-+,)<4%27-32 *3%1
5YEPMX] GSRXVSP SJ WTIGMEPX] JSEQ TVSTSVXMSRMRK ERH ETTPM
GEXMSR IUYMTQIRX EW [IPP EW JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXIW WLSYPH FI
EGLMIZIH XLVSYKL E PMWXMRK TVSKVEQ XLEX MRGPYHIW E QERYJEG
XYVMRK JSPPS[YT WIVZMGI MRHITIRHIRX GIVXMJMGEXMSR SJ XLI TVS
HYGXMSR TVSGIWW XS -73 SV E WMQMPEV UYEPMX] GSRXVSP TVS
KVEQ ETTVSZIH F] XLI %,.
% *SEQW JSV TSPEV WSPZIRXW EVI JMVWX XIWXIH JSV L]HVSGEV
FSR TIVJSVQERGI YWMRK E XIWX HIVMZIH JVSQ *IHIVEP 7TIGMJMGEXMSR
3*' XLEX [EW TYFPMWLIH JVSQ XLVSYKL 8LI
JSEQW EVI JYVXLIV XIWXIH JSV TSPEV WSPZIRX W]WXIQ ETTPMGEXMSR SR
XLI FEWMW SJ Q JX JMVI XIWX TIVJSVQERGI MR EGGSVHERGI
[MXL 90 %TTVSZIH QERYJEGXYVIVWv HIGO W]WXIQ HIWMKR ETTPM
GEXMSR VEXIW ERH STIVEXMRK XMQIW MRGSVTSVEXI HIWMKR JEGXSVW XLEX
EVI ETTPMIH XS XLI JMVI XIWX ETTPMGEXMSR VEXIW ERH XMQIW
% 8LMW W]WXIQ MW MRXIRHIH XS WYTTPIQIRX RSX VITPEGI
ER] VIUYMVIH XSXEP JPSSHMRK QEGLMRIV] WTEGI JMVI WYTTVIWWMSR
W]WXIQ *SEQ W]WXIQW GSQTVMWMRK E TSVXMSR SJ VIUYMVIH TVM
QEV] QEGLMRIV] WTEGI TVSXIGXMSR GER VIUYMVI PSRKIV ETTPMGE
XMSR XMQIW
% %PXLSYKL WLMTFSEVH JSEQ W]WXIQW WLEVI QER] WMQM
PEVMXMIW [MXL XERO JEVQ JSEQ W]WXIQW SR PERH XLIVI EVI MQTSV
XERX HMJJIVIRGIW FIX[IIR WLMTFSEVH ERH PERHFEWIH JMVI TVS
XIGXMSR 8LIWI HMJJIVIRGIW MHIRXMJMIH MR XLVSYKL VIWYPX MR JSEQ W]WXIQ HIWMKRW ERH EVVERKIQIRXW XLEX HMJJIV
JVSQ W]WXIQW YWIH MR [LEX GER ETTIEV XS FI WMQMPEV PERHFEWIH
LE^EVHW 8LI HMJJIVIRGIW EVI EW JSPPS[
*SEQ JMVI XIWXW SJ XLI X]TI HIWGVMFIH MR %RRI\ * EVI ZIV]
WIZIVI
8LIVI MW PMQMXIH HEXE VIKEVHMRK YWI SJ W]WXIQW QIIXMRK
97'+ SV -13 VIUYMVIQIRXW SR EGXYEP JMVIW
8LIVI MW PMXXPI SV RS WITEVEXMSR FIX[IIR XEROW
8LI ZIWWIP QMKLX FI [MHIP] WITEVEXIH JVSQ SXLIV LE^EVHW
SV QMKLX FI EPSRKWMHI ERSXLIV ZIWWIP SV E XIVQMREP
8LI ZIWWIP QMKLX RSX LEZI EGGIWW XS MQQIHMEXI JMVI
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JMVIW LEZI XEOIR WIZIVEP HE]W XS I\XMRKYMWL
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8LIVI MW E JMRMXI EQSYRX SJ WTEGI SR IEGL WLMT HIWMKR
8EROIV HIGO JSEQ QSRMXSVW EVI PSGEXIH EX SV EFSZI XLI
IPIZEXMSR SJ XST SJ XLI XERO EW GSRXVEWXIH [MXL X]TMGEP
XERO JEVQ EVVERKIQIRXW [LIVI QSRMXSVW QYWX TVSNIGX
JSEQ YT ERH SZIV XLI VMQ SJ E XERO
% 'SPSV GSHMRK XLI ZEPZIW EMHW MR MHIRXMJMGEXMSR *SV
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HMXMSR XS JMVI TVSXIGXMSR 3XLIV WIVZMGIW [LMGL GSYPH FI PIJX
STIVEXMSREP HYVMRK E JMVI RIIH XS FI MRGPYHIH MR GEPGYPEXMSRW
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G *SV TSPEV WSPZIRXW XLI -RXIVREXMSREP &YPO 'LIQMGEP
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ZIWWIP MW VIKMWXIVIH LEW HIXIVQMRIH XLVSYKL JMVI
XIWXW XLEX XLI EGXYEP JSEQ ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI EX IEGL
GEVKS XERO MW EHIUYEXI JSV XLI GLIQMGEPW GEVVMIH MR
XLEX XERO 8LI HIWMKR TVEGXMGIW KMZIR MR XLMW WIGXMSR
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JSV PERH ETTPMGEXMSRW XLMW WXERHEVH KIRIVEPP] VIWXVMGXW
QSRMXSV ETTPMGEXMSR SJ JSEQ EGGSVHMRK XS XERO HMEQIXIV
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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TIVGIRX SJ XLI VIUYMVIH JSEQ ETTPMGEXMSR VEXI
8LI ETTPMGEXMSR VEXIW KMZIR MR XLMW WIGXMSR MRGSVTSVEXI HI
WMKR JEGXSVW XLEX EPPS[ XLI VIWYPXW SJ WQEPPWGEPI JMVI XIWXW XS
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SXLIV JMVI MRZSPZMRK JPEQQEFPI PMUYMHW
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EDUFIRE.IR
Telegram EDUFIRE_IR
Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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% JSEQ W]WXIQ [MPP I\XMRKYMWL E JPEQQEFPI PMUYMH JMVI MJ STIV
EXIH [MXLMR XLI TVSTIV VERKIW SJ WSPYXMSR TVIWWYVI ERH GSR
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EDUFIRE.IR
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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WGVMFIH VEXI
8LI MRWXEPPEXMSR SJ wIRKMRIIVIH GSRXEMRQIRX W]WXIQWx MW E
TSWWMFPI GLSMGI JSV I\MWXMRK JEGMPMXMIW 6IXVSJMXXMRK ER IRKM
RIIVIH GSRXEMRQIRX W]WXIQ MW GSWXP] ERH GER EHZIVWIP] EJJIGX
JEGMPMX] STIVEXMSRW 8LIVI EVI WTIGMEP GEWIW LS[IZIV XLEX GER
[EVVERX XLI HIWMKR ERH MRWXEPPEXMSR SJ WYGL W]WXIQW 7YGL EG
XMSR MW E GSRWMHIVEXMSR [LIVI ER I\MWXMRK JEGMPMX] MW MQQIHMEXIP]
EHNEGIRX XS E REXYVEP FSH] SJ [EXIV ERH LEW E LMKL JVIUYIRG] SJ
EGXMZEXMSR
) 7]WXIQ 8IWXW 8IWXMRK TVMQEVMP] MRZSPZIW IRKMRIIVIH JM\IH
JSEQ JMVII\XMRKYMWLMRK W]WXIQW 8[S X]TIW SJ XIWXW EVI GSRHYGXIH
SR JSEQ W]WXIQW EGGITXERGI XIWXW GSRHYGXIH TYVWYERX XS MRWXEP
PEXMSR SJ XLI W]WXIQ ERH QEMRXIRERGI XIWXW YWYEPP] GSRHYGXIH
ERRYEPP] XS IRWYVI XLI STIVEFMPMX] SJ XLI W]WXIQ
-R XLI I\IGYXMSR SJ FSXL EGGITXERGI ERH QEMRXIRERGI
XIWXW SRP] E WQEPP EQSYRX SJ JSEQ GSRGIRXVEXI WLSYPH FI HMW
GLEVKIH XS ZIVMJ] XLI GSVVIGX GSRGIRXVEXMSR SJ JSEQ MR XLI
JSEQ [EXIV WSPYXMSR (IWMKREXIH JSEQ [EXIV XIWX TSVXW GER FI
HIWMKRIH MRXS XLI TMTMRK W]WXIQ WS XLEX XLI HMWGLEVKI SJ JSEQ
[EXIV WSPYXMSR GER FI HMVIGXIH XS E GSRXVSPPIH PSGEXMSR 8LI
GSRXVSPPIH PSGEXMSR GER GSRWMWX SJ E TSVXEFPI XERO XLEX [SYPH
FI XVERWTSVXIH XS ER ETTVSZIH HMWTSWEP WMXI F] E PMGIRWIH GSR
XVEGXSV 8LI VIQEMRHIV SJ XLI EGGITXERGI XIWX ERH QEMRXI
RERGI XIWX WLSYPH FI GSRHYGXIH YWMRK SRP] [EXIV
8LI WXERHEVH RS[ I\TPMGMXP] VIGSKRM^IW TVSTSVXMSRMRK XIWX
QIXLSHW [LGL PMQMX SV IPMQMREXI XLI RIIH XS HMWGLEVKI JSEQ
GSRGIRXVEXI 8LIWI QIXLSHW EVI TIVQMXXIH MR ERH EVI
HIWGVMFIH MR HIXEMP MR 7IGXMSR (
) *EGMPMXMIW [MXL )RKMRIIVIH 'SRXEMRQIRX %R] IRKM
RIIVIH GSRXEMRQIRX W]WXIQ [MPP YWYEPP] MRGSVTSVEXI ER SMP
[EXIV WITEVEXSV (YVMRK RSVQEP HVEMREKI GSRHMXMSRW MI RS
JSEQ WSPYXMSR VYRSJJ XLI WITEVEXSV JYRGXMSRW XS VIQSZI ER]
JYIP TEVXMGPIW JVSQ HVEMREKI [EXIV ,S[IZIV [LIR JSEQ [EXIV
WSPYXMSR MW JPS[MRK XLI SMP[EXIV WITEVEXSV QYWX FI F]TEWWIH
WS XLEX XLI WSPYXMSR MW HMZIVXIH HMVIGXP] XS WXSVEKI XEROW 8LMW
GER FI EGGSQTPMWLIH EYXSQEXMGEPP] F] XLI MRWXEPPEXMSR SJ QS
XSVM^IH ZEPZIW WIX XS STIR XLI F]TEWW PMRI YTSR EGXMZEXMSR SJ XLI
JM\IH JMVII\XMRKYMWLMRK W]WXIQW EX XLI TVSXIGXIH TVSTIVX]
8LI WM^I SJ XLI GSRXEMRQIRX W]WXIQ MW HITIRHIRX SR XLI
HYVEXMSR SJ XLI JSEQ [EXIV JPS[ XLI JPS[ VEXI ERH XLI QE\M
QYQ ERXMGMTEXIH VEMRJEPP MR E LSYV TIVMSH 1SWX RI[ GSR
XEMRQIRX W]WXIQW [MPP TVSFEFP] SRP] EGGSQQSHEXI MRHMZMHYEP
FYMPHMRKW ,S[IZIV WSQI GSRXEMRQIRX W]WXIQW GER FI HI
WMKRIH XS EGGSQQSHEXI QYPXMTPI FYMPHMRKW HITIRHMRK YTSR
XLI XSTSKVETL] SJ XLI PERH ERH IEVP] MHIRXMJMGEXMSR MR XLI SZIV
EPP WMXI TPERRMRK TVSGIWW
8LI WTIGMJMG X]TI SJ GSRXEMRQIRX W]WXIQ WIPIGXIH [MPP EPWS
HITIRH YTSR PSGEXMSR HIWMVIH GETEGMX] ERH JYRGXMSR SJ JEGMPM
XMIW MR UYIWXMSR 8LI W]WXIQW MRGPYHI IEVXLIR VIXIRXMSR W]W
XIQW FIPS[KVSYRH XEROW STIRXST MRKVSYRH XEROW ERH WYQT
ERH TYQT HIWMKRW MI PMJX WXEXMSRW TMTIH XS EFSZIKVSYRH SV
MRKVSYRH XEROW
8LI IEVXLIR VIXIRXMSR HIWMKRW GSRWMWX SJ STIRXST IEVXLIR
FIVQW [LMGL YWYEPP] VIP] YTSR KVEZMX]JIH HVEMREKI TMTMRK
JVSQ XLI TVSXIGXIH FYMPHMRK 8LI] GER WMQTP] EPPS[ XLI JSEQ
[EXIV WSPYXMSR XS TIVGSPEXI MRXS XLI KVSYRH SV GER MRGPYHI ER
MQTIVQIEFPI PMRIV 8LSWI GSRXEMRMRK ER MQTIVQIEFPI PMRIV
GER FI GSRRIGXIH XS E [EWXI[EXIV XVIEXQIRX JEGMPMX] SV GER FI
WYGXMSR TYQTIH SYX F] E PMGIRWIH GSRXVEGXSV
'PSWIHXST FIPS[KVSYRH WXSVEKI XEROW GER FI XLI PIEWX IRZM
VSRQIRXEPP] EGGITXEFPI HIWMKR ETTVSEGL 8LI] YWYEPP] GSRWMWX SJ
E KVEZMX]JIH TMTMRK EVVERKIQIRX ERH GER FI WYGXMSR TYQTIH SYX
SV TMTIH XS E [EWXI[EXIV XVIEXQIRX JEGMPMX] % TSXIRXMEP ERH JVI
UYIRX TVSFPIQ EWWSGMEXIH [MXL XLMW HIWMKR MW XLI PIEOEKI SJ
KVSYRH[EXIV SV YRORS[R PMUYMHW MRXS XLI WXSVEKI XERO
3TIRXST FIPS[KVSYRH WXSVEKI XEROW EVI YWYEPP] PMRIH
GSRGVIXI XEROW XLEX GER VIP] SR KVEZMX]JIH HVEMREKI TMTMRK SV E
WYQT ERH TYQT EVVERKIQIRX 8LIWI GER EGGSQQSHEXI MRHM
ZMHYEP SV QYPXMTPI FYMPHMRKW 8LI] QYWX EPWS EGGSQQSHEXI XLI
QE\MQYQ ERXMGMTEXIH VEMRJEPP MR E LSYV TIVMSH 8LIWI EVI
YWYEPP] TMTIH XS E [EWXI[EXIV XVIEXQIRX JEGMPMX]
%FSZIKVSYRH XEROW MRGSVTSVEXI E WYQT ERH TYQT EV
VERKIQIRX XS GPSWIH EFSZIKVSYRH XEROW 7YGL HIWMKRW YWYEPP]
MRGSVTSVEXI XLI YWI SJ SRI SV QSVI WYFQIVWMFPI SV ZIVXMGEP
WLEJX PEVKIGETEGMX] TYQTW 8LIWI GER EGGSQQSHEXI MRHM
ZMHYEP SV QYPXMTPI FYMPHMRKW
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YRGSRXVSPPIH [LIXLIV XLI VIWYPX SJ E JMVI MRGMHIRX SV E QEP
JYRGXMSR MR XLI W]WXIQ 8LI JSEQ WSPYXMSR HMWGLEVKI MR XLMW
X]TI SJ WGIREVMS GER FI HIEPX [MXL F] IZIRXMRMXMEXIH STIVEXMSRW
SV F] IRKMRIIVIH GSRXEMRQIRX W]WXIQW )ZIRXMRMXMEXIH STIVE
XMSRW IRGSQTEWW XLI WEQI XIQTSVEV] QIEWYVIW XLEX [SYPH FI
XEOIR HYVMRK JMVI HITEVXQIRX STIVEXMSRW TSVXEFPI HMOIW JPSEX
MRK FSSQW ERH WS JSVXL )RKMRIIVIH GSRXEMRQIRX [SYPH FI
FEWIH QEMRP] SR XLI PSGEXMSR ERH X]TI SJ JEGMPMX] ERH [SYPH
GSRWMWX SJ LSPHMRK XEROW SV EVIEW [LIVI XLI GSRXEQMREXIH
JSEQ [EXIV WSPYXMSR [SYPH FI GSPPIGXIH XVIEXIH ERH WIRX XS E
[EWXI[EXIV XVIEXQIRX JEGMPMX] EX E TVIWGVMFIH VEXI
) *M\IH 7]WXIQW *EGMPMXMIW GER FI HMZMHIH MRXS XLSWI [MXLSYX
ER IRKMRIIVIH GSRXEMRQIRX W]WXIQ ERH XLSWI [MXL ER IRKM
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EFWIRGI SJ ER] TEWX VIUYMVIQIRXW XS TVSZMHI GSRXEMRQIRX
QER] I\MWXMRK JEGMPMXMIW WMQTP] EPPS[ XLI JSEQ [EXIV WSPYXMSR XS
JPS[ SYX SJ XLI FYMPHMRK ERH IZETSVEXI MRXS XLI EXQSWTLIVI SV
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IZIRXMRMXMEXIH QERYEP GSRXEMRQIRX QIEWYVIW ERH MRWXEPPEXMSR
SJ IRKMRIIVIH GSRXEMRQIRX W]WXIQW
7IPIGXMRK XLI ETTVSTVMEXI GLSMGI HITIRHW SR XLI PSGEXMSR
SJ XLI JEGMPMX] XLI VMWO XS XLI IRZMVSRQIRX XLI VMWO SJ ER EYXS
QEXMG W]WXIQ HMWGLEVKI XLI JVIUYIRG] SJ EYXSQEXMG W]WXIQ HMW
GLEVKIW ERH ER] ETTPMGEFPI VYPIW SV VIKYPEXMSRW
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RIIVIH GSRXEMRQIRX W]WXIQW 8LMW GER JEPP YRHIV XLI VIWTSRWM
FMPMX] SJ XLI VIWTSRHMRK JMVI HITEVXQIRX ERH MRGPYHI WYGL
QIEWYVIW EW FPSGOMRK WXSVQ WI[IVW GSRWXVYGXMRK XIQTSVEV]
HMOIW ERH HITPS]MRK JPSEXMRK FSSQW 8LI HIKVII SJ WYGL QIE
WYVIW [MPP TVMQEVMP] FI HMGXEXIH F] PSGEXMSR EW [IPP EW EZEMPEFPI
VIWSYVGIW ERH QERTS[IV
) 2I[ *EGMPMXMIW 8LI HIGMWMSR XS HIWMKR ERH MRWXEPP E JM\IH
JSEQ [EXIV WSPYXMSR GSRXEMRQIRX W]WXIQ MW HITIRHIRX SR XLI
PSGEXMSR SJ XLI JEGMPMX] XLI VMWO XS XLI IRZMVSRQIRX TSWWMFPI
MQTEMVQIRX SJ JEGMPMX] STIVEXMSRW XLI HIWMKR SJ XLI JM\IH JSEQ
W]WXIQ MI EYXSQEXMGEPP] SV QERYEPP] EGXMZEXIH XLI EFMPMX] SJ
XLI VIWTSRHMRK JMVI HITEVXQIRX XS I\IGYXI IZIRXMRMXMEXIH
GSRXEMRQIRX QIEWYVIW ERH ER] TIVXMRIRX VIKYPEXMSRW
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HITEVXQIRX LEW TPERRIH IQIVKIRG] QERYEP GSRXEMRQIRX
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GSRXEMRQIRX W]WXIQW XLIVI EVI E RYQFIV SJ GSRWMHIVEXMSRW
8LI] MRGPYHI WM^I SJ GSRXEMRQIRX HIWMKR ERH X]TI SJ GSRXEMR
QIRX W]WXIQ ERH XLI GETEFMPMX] SJ XLI GSRXEMRQIRX W]WXIQ XS
LERHPI MRHMZMHYEP SV QYPXMTPI FYMPHMRKW )RKMRIIVIH GSRXEMR
QIRX W]WXIQW GER FI E VIGSQQIRHIH TVSXIGXMZI QIEWYVI
[LIVI JSEQ I\XMRKYMWLMRK W]WXIQW EVI MRWXEPPIH MR JEGMPMXMIW
XLEX EVI MQQIHMEXIP] EHNEGIRX XS E REXYVEP FSH] SJ [EXIV
8LIWI W]WXIQW GER EPWS FI TVYHIRX EX RI[ JEGMPMXMIW [LIVI WMXI
GSRHMXMSRW TIVQMX XS EZSMH MQTEMVQIRX SJ JEGMPMX] STIVEXMSRW
) (MWTSWEP %PXIVREXMZIW 8LI YRGSRXVSPPIH VIPIEWI SJ JSEQ
WSPYXMSRW XS XLI IRZMVSRQIRX WLSYPH FI EZSMHIH %PXIVREXMZI
HMWTSWEP STXMSRW EVI EW JSPPS[W
(MWGLEVKI XS E [EWXI[EXIV XVIEXQIRX TPERX [MXL SV [MXLSYX
TVIXVIEXQIRX
(MWGLEVKI XS XLI IRZMVSRQIRX EJXIV TVIXVIEXQIRX
7SPEV IZETSVEXMSR
8VERWTSVXEXMSR XS E [EWXI[EXIV XVIEXQIRX TPERX SV LE^EVH
SYW [EWXI JEGMPMX]
*SEQ YWIVW EW TEVX SJ XLIMV TPERRMRK TVSGIWW WLSYPH QEOI
TVSZMWMSRW XS XEOI XLI EGXMSRW RIGIWWEV] XS YXMPM^I [LMGLIZIV SJ
XLIWI EPXIVREXMZIW MW ETTVSTVMEXI JSV XLIMV WMXYEXMSR 7IGXMSR )
HIWGVMFIW XLI EGXMSRW XLEX GER FI XEOIR HITIRHMRK SR XLI
HMWTSWEP EPXIVREXMZI XLEX MW GLSWIR
) 'SPPIGXMSR ERH 4VIXVIEXQIRX SJ *SEQ 7SPYXMSRW 4VMSV XS
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WSPYXMSR %W RSXIH EFSZI JEGMPMXMIW XLEX EVI TVSXIGXIH F] JSEQ
W]WXIQW RSVQEPP] LEZI W]WXIQW XS GSPPIGX ERH LSPH JYIP WTMPPW
8LIWI W]WXIQW GER EPWS FI YWIH XS GSPPIGX ERH LSPH JSEQ WSPY
XMSR 8VEMRMRK JEGMPMXMIW EVI MR KIRIVEP HIWMKRIH WS XLEX JSEQ
WSPYXMSR GER FI GSPPIGXIH ERH LIPH *MVI JMKLXIVW VIWTSRHMRK XS
JMVIW XLEX EVI EX SXLIV PSGEXMSRW WLSYPH EXXIQTX MRWSJEV EW MW
TVEGXMGEP XS GSPPIGX JSEQ WSPYXMSR VYRSJJ [MXL XIQTSVEV] HMOIW
SV SXLIV QIERW
) *YIP 7ITEVEXMSR *SEQ WSPYXMSR XLEX LEW FIIR HMW
GLEVKIH SR E JMVI ERH WYFWIUYIRXP] GSPPIGXIH [MPP YWYEPP] FI
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S[R IRZMVSRQIRXEP LE^EVHW ERH [MPP MRXIVJIVI [MXL JSEQ WSPY
XMSR TVIXVIEXQIRX ER EXXIQTX WLSYPH FI QEHI XS WITEVEXI EW
QYGL JYIP EW TSWWMFPI JVSQ XLI JSEQ WSPYXMSR %W RSXIH MR
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L]HVSGEVFSR JYIPW [MPP MRXIVJIVI [MXL XLI STIVEXMSR SJ GSRZIR
XMSREP JYIP[EXIV WITEVEXSVW %R EPXIVREXMZI MW XS LSPH XLI GSP
PIGXIH JSEQ WSPYXMSR MR E TSRH SV PEKSSR YRXMP XLI IQYPWMSR
FVIEOW ERH XLI JYIP GER FI WITEVEXIH F] WOMQQMRK 8LMW GER
XEOI JVSQ WIZIVEP LSYVW XS WIZIVEP HE]W (YVMRK XLMW XMQI EKM
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JSVQMRK
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QIRH HMPYXMSR SJ JSEQ WSPYXMSR FIJSVI MX IRXIVW E [EWXI[EXIV
XVIEXQIRX TPERX 8LIVI MW E VERKI SJ STMRMSR SR XLI STXMQYQ
HIKVII SJ HMPYXMSR -X MW KIRIVEPP] GSRWMHIVIH XLEX XLI GSRGIR
XVEXMSR SJ JSEQ WSPYXMSR MR XLI TPERX MRJPYIRX WLSYPH RSX I\
GIIH TTQ KEP SJ TPERX MRJPYIRX TIV KEPPSR SJ JSEQ
WSPYXMSR 8LMW HIKVII SJ HMPYXMSR MW RSVQEPP] WYJJMGMIRX XS TVI
ZIRX WLSGO PSEHMRK ERH JSEQMRK MR XLI TPERX ,S[IZIV IEGL
[EWXI[EXIV XVIEXQIRX TPERX QYWX FI GSRWMHIVIH EW E WTIGMEP
GEWI ERH XLSWI TPERRMRK E HMWGLEVKI SJ JSEQ WSPYXMSR XS E
[EWXI[EXIV XVIEXQIRX JEGMPMX] WLSYPH HMWGYWW XLMW WYFNIGX [MXL
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XMGEP XEWO JSV QSWX JEGMPMXMIW IWTIGMEPP] [LIR PEVKI UYERXMXMIW SJ
JSEQ WSPYXMSR EVI MRZSPZIH 8LI VIGSQQIRHIH TVSGIHYVI MW
XS HMPYXI XLI JSEQ WSPYXMSR XS XLI QE\MQYQ EQSYRX TVEGXMGEP
ERH XLIR QIXIV XLI HMPYXIH WSPYXMSR MRXS XLI WI[IV EX E VEXI
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HYGI E JSEQ WSPYXMSR GSRGIRXVEXMSR SJ TTQ SV PIWW
*SV I\EQTPI MJ XLI HMWGLEVKI MW XS FI QEHI XS E QMP
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QMRYXIWHE] HMZMHIH F] IUYEPW KTQ 8LI HMJJMGYP
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RSX IPMQMREXI JSEQMRK SJ XLI JSEQ WSPYXMSR HYVMRK TYQTMRK
HMPYXMSR ERH XVIEXQIRX 8LI JSEQ QERYJEGXYVIV WLSYPH FI
GSRWYPXIH JSV VIGSQQIRHEXMSRW EW XS XLI GLSMGI SJ IJJIGXMZI
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XMJSEQ %TTEVEXYW 8LI IJJIGXMZI EQSYRX SJ ERXMJSEQ MW HIXIV
QMRIH F] YWMRK XLI JSPPS[MRK ETTEVEXYW
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QE\MQYQ
3RI 0 FIEOIV SV WMQMPEV GSRXEMRIV
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%HH K SJ [EXIV
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NYK YWMRK XLI I]IHVSTTIV SV TMTIXXI GET MX ERH WLEOI
ZMKSVSYWP]
-J XLI WSPYXMSR MR XLI NYK JSEQW KS FEGO XS WXIT ERH
VITIEX XLMW WXIT YRXMP PMXXPI SV RS JSEQ MW KIRIVEXIH F]
WLEOMRK XLI NYK OIIT E VIGSVH SJ XLI RYQFIV SJ KVEQW
Q0 XLEX EVI VIUYMVIH XS IPMQMREXI XLI JSEQMRK
8LI RYQFIV SJ KVEQW Q0 SJ HMPYXIH ERXMJSEQ VIUYMVIH
XS IPMQMREXI JSEQMRK MW IUYEP XS XLI RYQFIV SJ TEVXW TIV
QMPPMSR TTQ SJ XLI ERXMJSEQ EW WYTTPMIH XLEX QYWX FI
EHHIH XS XLI WSPYXMSR XS FI HIJSEQIH
'EPGYPEXI XLI EQSYRX SJ RIEX ERXMJSEQ XS FI EHHIH EW
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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JSEQIH 8LI ERXMJSEQ QYWX FI YRMJSVQP] QM\IH [MXL XLI
WSPYXMSR XS FI HIJSEQIH -X [MPP EMH MR XLI EGLMIZIQIRX SJ
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Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Licensed, by agreement, for individual use and download on November 19, 2015 to DAR AL HANDASAH. No other reproduction or transmission in any form permitted
without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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(IJMRMXMSR %
%YXLSVMX] ,EZMRK .YVMWHMGXMSR %,.
(IJMRMXMSR %
'
'SQFYWXMFPI 0MUYMH
'PEWW ---% 0MUYMH
(IJMRMXMSR 'PEWW -- 0MUYMH
(IJMRMXMSR 'PEWW ---& 0MUYMH
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
(IJMRMXMSR %
(
(IJMRMXMSRW 'LET (IWMKR JSV *YPP 7YVJEGI *MVI (IWMKR JSV 7IEP %VIE *MVI &EWMW SJ (IWMKR %
7YTTPIQIRXEV] 4VSXIGXMSR (MWGLEVKI (IZMGIW
%MV%WTMVEXMRK (MWGLEVKI (IZMGIW
(IJMRMXMSR 'SQTVIWWIH %MV *SEQ (MWGLEVKI (IZMGIW
(IJMRMXMSR (IJMRMXMSR %
2SR%MV%WTMVEXMRK (MWGLEVKI (IZMGIW
(IJMRMXMSR %
(MWGLEVKI 3YXPIX
(IJMRMXMSR *M\IH *SEQ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIX
(IJMRMXMSR 8]TI - (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIX
(IJMRMXMSR %
8]TI -- (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIX
(IJMRMXMSR )
)HYGXSV -RHYGXSV
(IJMRMXMSR %
-R0MRI )HYGXSV
(IJMRMXMSR %
)\TERWMSR
(IJMRMXMSR )\TPEREXSV] 1EXIVMEP %RRI\ %
*
*MPQ *SVQEXMSR
(IJMRMXMSR *MVI
'PEWW & *MVI
(IJMRMXMSR 'PEWW % *MVI
(IJMRMXMSR (IJMRMXMSR *PEQQEFPI 'PEWW - 0MUYMH
'PEWW -& 0MUYMH
(IJMRMXMSR 'PEWW -' 0MUYMH
(IJMRMXMSR 'PEWW -% 0MUYMH
(IJMRMXMSR (IJMRMXMSR *SEQ
'SQTVIWWIH %MV *SEQ '%*
(IJMRMXMSR (IJMRMXMSR %
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(IJMRMXMSR *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI
%PGSLSP6IWMWXERX *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI
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%UYISYW *MPQ*SVQMRK *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI %***
(IJMRMXMSR %
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*MPQ*SVQMRK *PYSVSTVSXIMR *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI ***4
(IJMRMXMSR %
*MPQ*SVQMRK *SEQ
(IJMRMXMSR *PYSVSTVSXIMR *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI
(IJMRMXMSR %
1IHMYQ ERH ,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI
(IJMRMXMSR %
4VSXIMR *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI
(IJMRMXMSR %
7]RXLIXMG *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI
(IJMRMXMSR *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 5YEPMX] %RRI\ +
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 8]TI
(IJMRMXMSR *SEQ )RZMVSRQIRXEP -WWYIW %RRI\ )
*SEQ +IRIVEXSVW
(IJMRMXMSR *SEQ +IRIVEXSVW { %WTMVEXSV 8]TI
(IJMRMXMSR *SEQ +IRIVEXSVW { &PS[IV 8]TI
(IJMRMXMSR %
*SEQ -RNIGXMSR
(IJMRMXMSR 7IQMWYFWYVJEGI *SEQ -RNIGXMSR
(IJMRMXMSR 7YFWYVJEGI *SEQ -RNIGXMSR
(IJMRMXMSR *SEQ 7SPYXMSR
(IJMRMXMSR %
4VIQM\IH *SEQ 7SPYXMSR
(IJMRMXMSR *SEQ 7]WXIQ 8]TIW
'SQTVIWWIH %MV *SEQ 7]WXIQ '%*7
(IJMRMXMSR %
(IJMRMXMSR *M\IH 7]WXIQ
(IJMRMXMSR 1SFMPI 7]WXIQ
(IJMRMXMSR %
4SVXEFPI 7]WXIQ
(IJMRMXMSR 7IQMJM\IH 7]WXIQ
(IJMRMXMSR %
*SEQ+IRIVEXMRK 1IXLSHW
'SQTVIWWIH %MV *SEQ+IRIVEXMRK 1IXLSH
(IJMRMXMSR %
(IJMRMXMSR %
,
,ERHPMRI
(IJMRMXMSR %
-
-RHYGXSV
(IJMRMXMSR -RJSVQEXMSREP 6IJIVIRGIW %RRI\ ,
-RWXEPPEXMSR 6IUYMVIQIRXW 'LET *PYWLMRK *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 4YQTW ,ERKIVW 7YTTSVXW ERH 4VSXIGXMSR JSV 4MTI[SVO ,SWI 6IUYMVIQIRXW 0S[)\TERWMSR 7]WXIQ 4MTMRK 4S[IV 7YTTP] 'SRXVSPPIV 7IVZMGI (MWGSRRIGXMRK 1IERW %
8IWX 'SRRIGXMSRW :EPZIW MR 0S[)\TERWMSR 7]WXIQW &PEHHIV 8ERO :EPZIW %
0
0EFIPIH
(IJMRMXMSR 0MWXIH
(IJMRMXMSR %
0S[)\TERWMSR *SEQ 7]WXIQW JSV 1EVMRI %TTPMGEXMSRW 'LET *M\IH 0S[)\TERWMSR *SEQ 7]WXIQW JSV 1EGLMRIV]
7TEGIW 'SRXVSPW *M\IH 0S[)\TERWMSR *SEQ 7]WXIQW SR (IGO JSV 4IXVSPIYQ
ERH 'LIQMGEP 8EROIVW 'SRXVSP 7XEXMSR (MWGLEVKI (YVEXMSR *MVI 1EMR 'ETEGMX] %
4YVTSWI %
6EXI SJ %TTPMGEXMSR %
*SEQ 3YXPIX (IZMGIW %
*SEQ 7]WXIQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 7XSVEKI +IRIVEP %
'SQTSRIRXW %
,ERH ,SWIPMRIW ,ERKIVW 7YTTSVXW ERH 4VSXIGXMSR SJ 4MTI[SVO ,]HVEYPMG 'EPGYPEXMSRW -WSPEXMSR :EPZIW 1SRMXSVW 1SRMXSVW 4MTMRK 1EXIVMEPW 7YTTP] %VVERKIQIRXW 8IWXMRK ERH -RWTIGXMSR 0S[)\TERWMSR 7]WXIQ (IWMKR 'LET (MOIH %VIEW { 3YXHSSV %
(MOIH %VIEW -RZSPZMRK *PEQQEFPI SV 'SQFYWXMFPI
0MUYMHW 6IUYMVMRK %PGSLSP6IWMWXERX *SEQW 1IXLSHW SJ %TTPMGEXMSR *M\IH *SEQ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW %
*M\IH *SEQ;EXIV 7TVMROPIVW SV 2S^^PIW *M\IH 0S[0IZIP *SEQ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW *SEQ 1SRMXSVW 0MQMXEXMSRW %
1MRMQYQ %TTPMGEXMSR 6EXIW ERH (MWGLEVKI 8MQIW
JSV *M\IH (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW SR (MOIH %VIEW
-RZSPZMRK 0MUYMH ,]HVSGEVFSRW -RHSSV ,E^EVHW (IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV -RHSSV 7XSVEKI 8EROW 'SRXEMRMRK
*PEQQEFPI SV 'SQFYWXMFPI 0MUYMHW 6IUYMVMRK
%PGSLSP6IWMWXERX *SEQW (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW 1MRMQYQ (MWGLEVKI 8MQI ERH %TTPMGEXMSR 6EXI 0SEHMRK 6EGOW %
(IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV *SEQ 1SRMXSV 4VSXIGXMSR 7]WXIQW %VIEW XS &I 4VSXIGXIH F] 1SRMXSV
2S^^PIW %
1MRMQYQ %TTPMGEXMSR 6EXIW ERH (MWGLEVKI 8MQIW (IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV *SEQ;EXIV 7TVMROPIV 7]WXIQW 1IXLSHW SJ 4VSXIGXMSR 2SRHMOIH 7TMPP %VIEW %
(IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV 4VSXIGXMSR SJ 7TMPP *MVIW -RZSPZMRK
,]HVSGEVFSRW SV *PEQQEFPI ERH 'SQFYWXMFPI
0MUYMHW 6IUYMVMRK %PGSLSP6IWMWXERX *SEQW 3YXHSSV 'SZIVIH -RXIVREP *PSEXMRK 6SSJ 8EROW %
3YXHSSV *M\IH 6SSJ 'SRI 8EROW &EWMW SJ (IWMKR (IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV *SEQ 1SRMXSVW ERH ,ERHPMRIW )HMXMSR
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(IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV 7YFWYVJEGI %TTPMGEXMSR *SEQ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIX )PIZEXMSR %
*SEQ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW %
1MRMQYQ (MWGLEVKI 8MQIW ERH %TTPMGEXMSR 6EXIW 7YFWYVJEGI -RNIGXMSR &EGO4VIWWYVI
0MQMXEXMSRW %
(IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV 7YVJEGI %TTPMGEXMSR [MXL *M\IH
*SEQ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW (IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV 8EROW 'SRXEMRMRK *PEQQEFPI
ERH 'SQFYWXMFPI 0MUYMHW 6IUYMVMRK
%PGSLSP6IWMWXERX *SEQW %
1MRMQYQ (MWGLEVKI 8MQIW ERH %TTPMGEXMSR
6EXIW (IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV 8EROW 'SRXEMRMRK
,]HVSGEVFSRW 1MRMQYQ (MWGLEVKI 8MQIW ERH
%TTPMGEXMSR 6EXIW %
*M\IH *SEQ (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW %
0MQMXEXMSRW %
7IQMWYFWYVJEGI 7]WXIQW %
7YTTPIQIRXEV] 4VSXIGXMSR 3YXHSSV 3TIR8ST *PSEXMRK 6SSJ 8EROW %
*M\IH (MWGLEVKI 3YXPIXW (IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV 7IEP %VIE
4VSXIGXMSR *SEQ (EQ (IWMKR 'VMXIVME 8STSJ7IEP 1IXLSH [MXL *SEQ (EQ %
8STSJ7IEP 7]WXIQ (IWMKR &IPS[ 4VMQEV] 7IEP SV ;IEXLIV 7LMIPH 1IXLSH &IPS[XLI7IEP SV ;IEXLIV 7LMIPH 7]WXIQ *SEQ ,ERHPMRI (IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV 7IEP
%VIE 4VSXIGXMSR %
*SEQ 1SRMXSV (IWMKR 'VMXIVME JSV 7IEP %VIE
4VSXIGXMSR 1IXLSHW SJ 7IEP *MVI 4VSXIGXMSR &EWMW SJ (IWMKR %
7YTTPIQIRXEV] 4VSXIGXMSR 8]TIW SJ *MVIW %RXMGMTEXIH %
7IEP %VIE 4VSXIGXMSR 7YFWYVJEGI ERH 7IQMWYFWYVJEGI -RNIGXMSR 7YTTPIQIRXEV] 4VSXIGXMSR %
%HHMXMSREP 4VSXIGXMSR 7YTTPIQIRXEP *SEQ ,SWI 7XVIEQ 6IUYMVIQIRXW 8]TIW SJ ,E^EVHW %
1
1EMRXIRERGI 'LET (IXIGXMSR ERH %GXYEXMSR )UYMTQIRX *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI -RWTIGXMSR *SEQ4VSHYGMRK )UYMTQIRX %
'SQTVIWWIH %MV *SEQ4VSHYGMRK )UYMTQIRX ,MKL4VIWWYVI ']PMRHIVW -RWTIGXMSR 8IWXMRK ERH 1EMRXIRERGI %
3TIVEXMRK -RWXVYGXMSRW ERH 8VEMRMRK 4MTMRK 7XVEMRIVW 1IHMYQ ERH ,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQ %RRI\ '
1IHMYQ ERH ,MKL)\TERWMSR 7]WXIQW 'LET %MV 7YTTP] (MWXVMFYXMSR 7]WXIQW %VVERKIQIRX ERH -RWXEPPEXMSR SJ 4MTMRK ERH
*MXXMRKW (YGXW 4MTMRK ERH *MXXMRKW *SEQ %TTPMGEXMSRW JSV 0MUYIJMIH 2EXYVEP
+EW 02+ %
*SEQ (MWGLEVKI 6EXI TIV 9RMX %VIE %
5YERXMX] *SEQ 7]WXIQ %VVERKIQIRX %
7]WXIQ (IWMKR 'SRWMHIVEXMSRW %
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 5YEPMX] *SEQ+IRIVEXMRK %TTEVEXYW 0SGEXMSR %GGIWWMFMPMX] JSV -RWTIGXMSR ERH 1EMRXIRERGI 4VSXIGXMSR %KEMRWX )\TSWYVI %
+IRIVEP -RJSVQEXMSR ERH 6IUYMVIQIRXW %
,E^EVHW 4VSXIGXIH %
0SGEP %TTPMGEXMSR 7]WXIQW +IRIVEP -RJSVQEXMSR (IWGVMTXMSR 9WIW %
+IRIVEP 6IUYMVIQIRXW ,E^EVH 7TIGMJMGEXMSRW )\XIRX SJ ,E^EVH *SEQ 6IUYMVIQIRXW JSV *PEQQEFPI ERH 'SQFYWXMFPI
0MUYMHW ERH 7SPMHW %VVERKIQIRX +IRIVEP 5YERXMX] 0SGEXMSR SJ ,E^EVH %
3TIVEXMSR ERH 'SRXVSP SJ 7]WXIQW %PEVQW (IXIGXMSR SJ *MVIW %
3TIVEXMRK (IZMGIW %
7YTIVZMWMSR 4IVWSRRIP 7EJIX] %
)PIGXVMGEP 'PIEVERGIW %
4SVXEFPI *SEQ+IRIVEXMRK (IZMGIW )UYMTQIRX 7TIGMJMGEXMSRW )PIGXVMG 4S[IV 7YTTP] ERH 'SRRIGXMSRW ,SWI *SEQ 6IUYMVIQIRXW 6EXI ERH (YVEXMSR SJ (MWGLEVKI 7MQYPXERISYW 9WI SJ 4SVXEFPI *SEQ+IRIVEXMRK
(IZMGIW +IRIVEP -RJSVQEXMSR (IWGVMTXMSR +IRIVEP 6IUYMVIQIRXW ,E^EVH 7TIGMJMGEXMSRW 0SGEXMSR ERH 7TEGMRK 8VEMRMRK %
7]WXIQW 4VSXIGXMRK 3RI SV 1SVI ,E^EVHW 8SXEP *PSSHMRK 7]WXIQW +IRIVEP -RJSVQEXMSR %TTPMGEXMSRW %
(IWGVMTXMSR *SEQ 6IUYMVIQIRXW *SEQ (ITXL ,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQ 1IHMYQ)\TERWMSR *SEQ +IRIVEP +IRIVEP 6IUYMVIQIRXW 1EMRXIRERGI SJ 7YFQIVKIRGI :SPYQI JSV
,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQ %
(MWXVMFYXMSR 1IXLSH 3ZIVLEYP %
5YERXMX] 6EXI SJ (MWGLEVKI %
,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQ 'EPGYPEXMSR 1IHMYQ)\TERWMSR *SEQ 7YFQIVKIRGI 8MQI JSV ,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQW 7YFQIVKIRGI :SPYQI JSV ,MKL)\TERWMSR *SEQW 8SXEP *PSSHMRK )RGPSWYVI 7TIGMJMGEXMSRW 0IEOEKI %
3TIRMRKW :IRXMPEXMSR 8]TIW SJ 7]WXIQW 9WI ERH 0MQMXEXMSRW )HMXMSR
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1SRMXSV
(IJMRMXMSR *M\IH 1SRMXSV 'ERRSR
(IJMRMXMSR %
4SVXEFPI 1SRMXSV 'ERRSR
(IJMRMXMSR 2
2S^^PI
(IJMRMXMSR *SEQ 2S^^PI SV *M\IH *SEQ 1EOIV
(IJMRMXMSR %
7IPJ)HYGXMRK 2S^^PI
(IJMRMXMSR %
4
4VIWWYVI *SEQ 1EOIV ,MKL &EGO 4VIWWYVI SV *SVGMRK 8]TI
(IJMRMXMSR %
4VSTSVXMSRMRK
&EPERGIH 4VIWWYVI 4YQT8]TI 4VSTSVXMSRMRK
(IJMRMXMSR %
'SYTPIH ;EXIV1SXSV (VMZIR 4YQT 4VSTSVXMSRMRK
(IJMRMXMSR %
(IJMRMXMSR (MVIGX -RNIGXMSR :EVMEFPI 4YQT 3YXTYX 4VSTSVXMSRMRK
(IJMRMXMSR %
4VSTSVXMSRMRK 1IXLSHW JSV *SEQ 7]WXIQW
(IJMRMXMSR 4YQT 4VSTSVXMSRIV %VSYRHXLI4YQT 4VSTSVXMSRIV
(IJMRMXMSR %
6
6IJIVIRGIH 4YFPMGEXMSRW 'LET +IRIVEP 2*4% 4YFPMGEXMSRW 3XLIV 4YFPMGEXMSRW 6IJIVIRGIW JSV )\XVEGXW MR 1ERHEXSV] 7IGXMSRW 7
7LEPP
(IJMRMXMSR 7LSYPH
(IJMRMXMSR 7TIGMJMGEXMSRW ERH 4PERW 'LET %TTVSZEP SJ 4PERW %
4PERW ,]HVEYPMG 'EPGYPEXMSRW (IXEMPIH ;SVOWLIIXW +IRIVEP +VETL 7LIIX 7YQQEV] 7LIIX 7TIGMJMGEXMSRW 7TVIEHMRK 'SIJJMGMIRX
(IJMRMXMSR %
7XERHEVH
(IJMRMXMSR 7XSVEKI 8ERO 4VSXIGXMSR 7YQQEV] %RRI\ &
7XVIEQ
(IJMRMXMSR *SEQ ,SWI 7XVIEQ
(IJMRMXMSR *SEQ 1SRMXSV 7XVIEQ
(IJMRMXMSR 7]WXIQ 'SQTSRIRXW ERH 7]WXIQ 8]TIW 'LET 'SRGIRXVEXI 'SQTEXMFMPMX] 'SQTEXMFMPMX] SJ *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXIW *SEQ 'SQTEXMFMPMX] [MXL (V] 'LIQMGEP %KIRXW %
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 4YQTW %
*SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXIW 'SRGIRXVEXI 7XSVEKI %Y\MPMEV] 7YTTPMIW *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 7XSVEKI 8EROW *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 7YTTP] *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 'SRWYQTXMSR 6EXIW 6IWIVZI 7YTTP] SJ *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 5YERXMX] %
7XSVEKI 'SRHMXMSRW 7XSVEKI *EGMPMXMIW 8]TIW SJ *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI *SEQ 4VSTSVXMSRMRK +IRIVEP %
3TIVEXMSR ERH 'SRXVSP SJ 7]WXIQW %YXSQEXMGEPP] %GXYEXIH 7]WXIQW %YXSQEXMG (IXIGXMSR )UYMTQIRX %
(IXIGXMSR 7]WXIQ )UYMTQIRX 1ERYEPP] %GXYEXIH 7]WXIQW 1IXLSHW SJ %GXYEXMSR 4MTMRK *MXXMRKW *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI *MXXMRKW %
*SEQ 7SPYXMSR *MXXMRKW *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 4MTI 1EXIVMEPW %
*SEQ 7SPYXMSR 4MTI 1EXIVMEPW %
.SMRMRK SJ 4MTIW ERH *MXXMRKW 8LVIEHIH 4MTI ;IPHIH 4MTI %
7XVEMRIVW :EPZIW %
7]WXIQ 8]TIW ;EXIV 7YTTPMIW ;EXIV ERH *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXI 4YQTW ;EXIV 7YTTPMIW -RGPYHMRK 4VIQM\IH 7SPYXMSR (IWMKR 4VIWWYVI 5YEPMX] 5YERXMX] %
7XSVEKI 8IQTIVEXYVI %
8
8ERO
&EPERGIH 4VIWWYVI &PEHHIV 8ERO
(IJMRMXMSR (IJMRMXMSR 4VIWWYVI 4VSTSVXMSRMRK 8ERO
(IJMRMXMSR %
8IWX 1IXLSH JSV 1EVMRI *MVI*MKLXMRK *SEQ 'SRGIRXVEXIW
4VSXIGXMRK ,]HVSGEVFSR ,E^EVHW %RRI\ *
8IWXMRK ERH %GGITXERGI 'LET %GGITXERGI 8IWXW %
%TTVSZEP SJ 0S[ 1IHMYQ ERH ,MKL)\TERWMSR
*SEQ 7]WXIQW (MWGLEVKI 8IWXW %
*PYWLMRK EJXIV -RWXEPPEXMSR -RWTIGXMSR ERH :MWYEP )\EQMREXMSR 3TIVEXMRK 8IWXW 3TIVEXMRK 8IWX JSV 'SRXVSP :EPZIW ;EXIV 7YTTP] 8IWX 4VIWWYVI 8IWXW 7]WXIQ 6IWXSVEXMSR 8IWXW JSV *SEQ 7]WXIQW %RRI\ (
)HMXMSR
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7IUYIRGISJ)ZIRXWJSVXLI7XERHEVHW
(IZIPSTQIRX4VSGIWW
'SQQMXXII1IQFIVWLMT
'PEWWMJMGEXMSRW
%WWSSREWXLIGYVVIRXIHMXMSRMWTYFPMWLIHE7XERHEVHMWSTIR
JSV4YFPMG-RTYX
7XIT-RTYX7XEKI
1ERYJEGXYVIV
7XIT'SQQIRX7XEKI
9WIV
-RWXEPPIV1EMRXEMRIV
0EFSV
%TTPMIH6IWIEVGL8IWXMRK0EFSVEXSV]
)RJSVGMRK%YXLSVMX]
-RWYVERGI
'SRWYQIV
7TIGMEP )\TIVX
7XIT%WWSGMEXMSR8IGLRMGEP1IIXMRK
7XIT'SYRGMP%TTIEPWERH-WWYERGI
SJ7XERHEVH
12/14-A
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Information on the NFPA Standards Development Process
I. Applicable Regulations. The primary rules governing the processing of NFPA standards (codes, standards, recommended practices, and
guides) are the NFPA Regulations Governing the Development of NFPA Standards (Regs). Other applicable rules include NFPA Bylaws,
NFPA Technical Meeting Convention Rules, NFPA Guide for the Conduct of Participants in the NFPA Standards Development Process,
and the NFPA Regulations Governing Petitions to the Board of Directors from Decisions of the Standards Council. Most of these rules and
regulations are contained in the NFPA Standards Directory. For copies of the Directory, contact Codes and Standards Administration at
NFPA Headquarters; all these documents are also available on the NFPA website at “www.nfpa.org.”
The following is general information on the NFPA process. All participants, however, should refer to the actual rules and regulations for a
full understanding of this process and for the criteria that govern participation.
II. Technical Committee Report. The Technical Committee Report is defined as “the Report of the responsible Committee(s), in
accordance with the Regulations, in preparation of a new or revised NFPA Standard.” The Technical Committee Report is in two parts and
consists of the First Draft Report and the Second Draft Report. (See Regs at 1.4)
III. Step 1: First Draft Report. The First Draft Report is defined as “Part one of the Technical Committee Report, which documents the
Input Stage.” The First Draft Report consists of the First Draft, Public Input, Committee Input, Committee and Correlating Committee
Statements, Correlating Input, Correlating Notes, and Ballot Statements. (See Regs at 4.2.5.2 and Section 4.3) Any objection to an action
in the First Draft Report must be raised through the filing of an appropriate Comment for consideration in the Second Draft Report or the
objection will be considered resolved. [See Regs at 4.3.1(b)]
IV. Step 2: Second Draft Report. The Second Draft Report is defined as “Part two of the Technical Committee Report, which documents
the Comment Stage." The Second Draft Report consists of the Second Draft, Public Comments with corresponding Committee Actions
and Committee Statements, Correlating Notes and their respective Committee Statements, Committee Comments, Correlating Revisions,
and Ballot Statements. (See Regs at Section 4.2.5.2 and 4.4) The First Draft Report and the Second Draft Report together constitute the
Technical Committee Report. Any outstanding objection following the Second Draft Report must be raised through an appropriate
Amending Motion at the Association Technical Meeting or the objection will be considered resolved. [See Regs at 4.4.1(b)]
V. Step 3a: Action at Association Technical Meeting. Following the publication of the Second Draft Report, there is a period during
which those wishing to make proper Amending Motions on the Technical Committee Reports must signal their intention by submitting a
Notice of Intent to Make a Motion. (See Regs at 4.5.2) Standards that receive notice of proper Amending Motions (Certified Amending
Motions) will be presented for action at the annual June Association Technical Meeting. At the meeting, the NFPA membership can
consider and act on these Certified Amending Motions as well as Follow-up Amending Motions, that is, motions that become necessary as
a result of a previous successful Amending Motion. (See 4.5.3.2 through 4.5.3.6 and Table1, Columns 1-3 of Regs for a summary of the
available Amending Motions and who may make them.) Any outstanding objection following action at an Association Technical Meeting
(and any further Technical Committee consideration following successful Amending Motions, see Regs at 4.5.3.7 through 4.6.5.3) must be
raised through an appeal to the Standards Council or it will be considered to be resolved.
VI. Step 3b: Documents Forwarded Directly to the Council. Where no Notice of Intent to Make a Motion (NITMAM) is received and
certified in accordance with the Technical Meeting Convention Rules, the standard is forwarded directly to the Standards Council for action
on issuance. Objections are deemed to be resolved for these documents. (See Regs at 4.5.2.5)
VII. Step 4a: Council Appeals. Anyone can appeal to the Standards Council concerning procedural or substantive matters related to the
development, content, or issuance of any document of the Association or on matters within the purview of the authority of the Council, as
established by the Bylaws and as determined by the Board of Directors. Such appeals must be in written form and filed with the Secretary
of the Standards Council (See Regs at 1.6). Time constraints for filing an appeal must be in accordance with 1.6.2 of the Regs. Objections
are deemed to be resolved if not pursued at this level.
VIII. Step 4b: Document Issuance. The Standards Council is the issuer of all documents (see Article 8 of Bylaws). The Council acts on
the issuance of a document presented for action at an Association Technical Meeting within 75 days from the date of the recommendation
from the Association Technical Meeting, unless this period is extended by the Council (See Regs at 4.7.2). For documents forwarded
directly to the Standards Council, the Council acts on the issuance of the document at its next scheduled meeting, or at such other meeting
as the Council may determine (See Regs at 4.5.2.5 and 4.7.4).
IX. Petitions to the Board of Directors. The Standards Council has been delegated the responsibility for the administration of the codes
and standards development process and the issuance of documents. However, where extraordinary circumstances requiring the intervention
of the Board of Directors exist, the Board of Directors may take any action necessary to fulfill its obligations to preserve the integrity of the
codes and standards development process and to protect the interests of the Association. The rules for petitioning the Board of Directors
can be found in the Regulations Governing Petitions to the Board of Directors from Decisions of the Standards Council and in 1.7 of the
Regs.
X. For More Information. The program for the Association Technical Meeting (as well as the NFPA website as information becomes
available) should be consulted for the date on which each report scheduled for consideration at the meeting will be presented. For copies of
the First Draft Report and Second Draft Report as well as more information on NFPA rules and for up-to-date information on schedules
and deadlines for processing NFPA documents, check the NFPA website (www.nfpa.org/aboutthecodes) or contact NFPA Codes &
Standards Administration at (617) 984-7246.
12/14-C
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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without written permission of NFPA. For inquires or to report unauthorized use, contact [email protected].
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12/14-E
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‫ویدیو – انیمیشن های اطفا‪ ،‬اعالم حریق‪ ،‬تهویه وتخلیه دود (رایگان)‬
‫برای مشاهده هر یک از ویدیوهای زیر کافیست بر روی عنوان آن آموزش کلیک نمایید تا به صفحه‬
‫ویدیو و آموزش آن عنوان هدایت شوید‪.‬‬
‫انیمیشن ویدیو‬
‫• اطفا حریق آبی‬
‫‪ o‬سیستم اطفا لوله خشک اسپرینکلر‬
‫‪ o‬سیستم اطفا لوله تر اسپرینکلر‬
‫‪ o‬سیستم اطفا پیش عملگر‬
‫‪ o‬سیستم اطفا واترمیست‬
‫‪ o‬سیستم اطفا سیالبی‬
‫• سیستم اطفا فوم‬
‫• تجهیزات اطفا حریق ‪ -‬تجهیزات هشدار دهنده‬
‫• تجهیزات اطفا حریق‪ -‬اسپرینکلر‬
‫• سیستم اطفا آشپزخانه صنعتی‬
‫• سیستم اطفا آیروسل‬
‫• سیستم اطفا دستی‬
‫• سیستم اطفا گازی‬
‫‪ o‬سیستم اطفا )‪FM200 , NOVEC, Inert Gas (IG‬‬
‫‪ o‬سیستم اطفا ‪CO2‬‬
‫• سیستم تهویه و تخلیه دود‬
‫• سیستم اعالم حریق‬
‫‪ o‬آدرسپذیر‬
‫‪ o‬متعارف‬
‫آموزش استاندارد‬
‫•‬
‫آموزش استاندارد ‪NFPA 13‬‬
‫•‬
‫آموزش استاندارد ‪NFPA 14‬‬
‫•‬
‫آموزش استاندارد ‪NFPA 20‬‬
‫آموزش نرمافزار‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫اتواسپرینک‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫پایروسیم‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫پثفایندر‬
‫دانلود استاندارد‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫ترجمه استاندارد ‪NFPA 30,14,13,10‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫تمامی استانداردهای ‪NFPA & FM‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫ترجمه استاندارد ‪NFPA 1037‬‬
‫محصوالت‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫اتواسپرینک ‪ 2013‬و ‪ 2019‬به زبان فارسی برای اولین بار در ایران‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫آالرم کد ‪ 2019‬به زبان فارسی برای اولین بار در ایران‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫اطفا حریق آبی‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫پایپنت (ماژول اسپرینکلر)‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫کانتم‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫اعالن حریق‬
‫دورههای حضوری‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫آموزش اتواسپرینک‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫آموزش آالرمکد‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫آموزش پایروسیم‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫آموزش کانتم ‪ +‬اگزاست‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫آموزش اطفا آبی ‪+‬پمپ ‪ +‬بازدید از کارگاه‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫آموزش اطفا گازی‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫آموزش اطفا فوم‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫آموزش مبحث سوم مقررات ملی‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫آموزش اعالم حریق ‪F&G‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫آموزش اعالم حریق آدرسپذیر‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫آموزش اعالم حریق متعارف‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫دوره آمادگی آزمون آتشنشانی (برق‪ ،‬مکانیک‪ ،‬عمران‪ ،‬معماری)‬