Hitrmduaahñi Kcs trcishahmibs smi bstruaturcs qub bepckeci trcems db acickbs qub thbibi sbaahmibs trcisvbrsckbs dhgbrbitbs bi gmrec m bi dhebishñi. Kc guiahñi db uic bstruaturc db bstb thpm bs bvhtcr pèrdhdcs db bibrlåc bxabshvcs, bkhehicr midcs aruzcdcs y mtrcs turfukbiahcs y dcr sblurhdcd c kc bstruaturc y ck aursm dbk cluc. Tcefhèi sb thbib bitbidhdm qub uic trcishahñi bi ui caubduatm dbfb prmduahr ui acefhm lrcduck db kc vbkmahdcd dbk cluc bi bk acick ehsem, acefhcidm db kc sbaahñi trcpbzmhdck dbk acick rbatcilukcr? ehbitrcs eãs cktc sbc kc vbkmahdcd dbk cluc bi bk acick, eãs hepmrtcitb bs dhspmibr db uic fubic trcishahñi. Bs pmr bkkm qub bi bstb trcfc`m trcfc`m sb bxpkhac bxpkhacrã rã bk tbec db TH^M DB TVCIQHAHM TVCIQHAHMIBQ IBQ bi bk puitm db vhstc db kc Hilbihbråc, dbfhdm c su hepmrtciahc pcrc kmlrcr bsb acefhm db dhrbaahñi, db vbkmahdcd y db pbidhbitb. Mf`bthvms0 Cdquhrhr amimahehbitms fãshams cabrac db kcs trcishahmibs pmr su hepmrtciahc bi kms caubduatms. Cprbidbr cabrac db kms thpms db trcishahmibs bxhstbitbs bi ui caubduatm. Ecram Tbñrham Kc trcishahñi bi ui acick bs uic bstruaturc dhsbócdc pcrc acefhcr kc gmrec m bk ãrbc db kc sbaahñi trcisvbrsck dbk gku`m. Bi amidhahmibs imreckbs db dhsbóm b histckcahñi prãathacebitb tmdms kms acickbs y acickbtcs rbquhbrbi ckluic bstruaturc db trcishahñi dbsdb kms aursms db cluc y jcahc bkkms. Kc guiahñi db uic bstruaturc db bstb thpm bs bvhtcr pèrdhdcs db bibrlåc bxabshvcs, bkhehicr midcs aruzcdcs y mtrcs turfukbiahcs y dcr sblurhdcd c kc bstruaturc y ck aursm dbk cluc. Kc trcishahñi clucs crrhfc y cfc`m dbk amiduatm dbfb prmduahr ui acefhm lrcduck db kc vbkmahdcd dbk cluc bi bk acick ehsem, jcahc bk trcem bkbvcdm, acefhcidm tcefhèi kc sbaahñi trcpbzmhdck dbk acick m rbatcilukcr sh bstc gubrc dbk acsm. Bi aucitm eãs cktc sbc kc vbkmahdcd dbk cluc bi bk acick, eãs hepmrtcitb sbråc dhspmibr db uic fubic trcishahñi. Rsms0 Kcs trcishahmibs sb bepkbci bi kcs bitrcdcs y sckhdcs db caubduatms, shgmibs hivbrthdms y acickhzcahmibs abrrcdcs, cså amem bi cqubkkms puitms dmidb kc gmrec db kc sbaahñi trcisvbrsck dbk acick acefhc rbpbithicebitb. Aucidm sb acefhc db uic sbaahñi c mtrc, sb thbibi pbrdhdcs db acrlc, sh bsb acefhm sb jcab frusacebitb kcs pèrdhdcs smi euy lrcidbs. Ckluics db kcs acuscs qub macshmici pèrdhdcs db acrlc, smi0 kc grhaahñi, bk acefhm db dhrbaahñi, bk acefhm db vbkmahdcd y bk acefhm db pbidhbitb. Kc vcrhcahñi dbk pbrghk trcb amem amisbaubiahc kc vcrhcahñi db kcs vbkmahdcdbs pcrc bk cluc y pmr km tcitm kc gmrec db kcs pcrbdbs, dbk gmidm m cefms. Thpms db trcishahmibs0 TVCIQHAHMIBQ FH^KCICVBQ Kcs trcishahmibs fhpkcicrbs, dbimehicdcs tcefhèi c fcsb db pkcims, smi cqubkkcs qub bstãi gmrecdcs pmr dms pkcims, qub, sblði kc ghlurc, uim db bkkms bs bk qub vc db kc hihahcahñi db kc trcishahñi (Tckud dbk acick, kåibc CF), jcstc tbrehicr bi ui puitm (A) bi kc pcrtb higbrhmr dbk tèrehim db kc trcishahñi, bstb pkcim bs CFA. Bk mtrm pkcim bs bk qub prhiahphc bi ui puitm (C) ck hihahm db kc trcishahñi y tbrehic bi kc kåibc gmrecdc pmr uim db kms kcdms db kc trcishahñi (kåibc DA) ck ghick db èstc, bk pkcim bs CDA, ^crc su trczm bstb thpm db trcishahmibs im rbquhbrb db aãkaukm ckluim. TVCIQHAHMIBQ VBLKCDCQ Kc trcishahñi rblkcdc bs cqubkkc qub bstã gmrecdc pmr kåibcs rbatcs, amkmacdcs c hluck dhstciahc dbsdb bk hihahm jcstc bk ghi db kc trcishahñi, bstcs kåibcs vci tmecidm su vbrthackhdcd c ebdhdc qub dhsehiuyb kc sbaahñi. ^crc su trczm, bstb thpm db trcishahmibs im ibabshtc db aãkaukms amepkhacdms. TVCIQHAHMIBQ CKCFBCDCQ Kc tr trci cish shah ahñi ñi ck ckcf cfbc bcdc dc bs cq cqub ubkkkkc c qu qub b bs bstã tã gmre gmrecd cdc c pm pmrr au aurv rvcs cs su sucv cvbs bs,, lbibrc lbi brckeb kebitb itb pcrãf pcrãfmkc mkcs, s, pmr km qub qub rbquhb rbquhbrb rb ui dhs dhsbóm bóm eãs rbg rbghic hicdm dm qub kcs citbrhmrbs, shbidm èstc kc trcishahñi qub prbsbitc kcs eåihecs pèrdhdcs db acrlc. TVCIQHAHÑI AMI ARVWCTRVC QHE^KB Trcishahmibs ami aurvcturc shepkb y bi gmrec db befudm, auycs pcrbdbs kctbrckbs thbibi ui ãilukm db ckrbdbdmr db 1>¾ ami rbspbatm ck b`b dbk acick, pbrehtbi uic rbaupbrcahñi db bibrlåc ahièthac db jcstc 6/1 dbk acefhm bi kc acrlc db vbkmahdcd. ^crc bstruaturcs db tcecóm hitbrebdhm sb dbfb dhspmibr, bi km pmshfkb, trcishahmibs ami shepkb aurvcturc tcitm bi bk gmidm amem bi kcs pcrbdbs bitrb bk befcksb y bk acick. Arhtbrhms db rbgbrbiahc pcrc kc rbkcahñi bitrb bk rcdhm db rbdmidbm y bk ciajm, m fhbi, kc prmguidhdcd dbk acick, sb pubdbi mftbibr db kc shluhbitb heclbi. TVCIQHAHÑI DB GMVEC ARÓC ^brehtbi rbaupbrcr bitrb bk 3:>% y bk 38>% dbk acefhm bi kc ckturc m acrlc db vbkmahdcd, shbeprb qub kc bstruaturc db trcishahñi sb prmybatb tci kcrlc qub uic kåibc db uihñi bitrb kms amitmrims dbk cluc bi kcs sbaahmibs trcisvbrsckbs hihahck y ghick, tbilc ui ãilukm im ecymr c 36.2¾ ami rbspbatm ck b`b dbk acick. TVCIQHAHMIBQ AMI DMFKB ARVWCTRVC Bs ck hluck qub kc trcishahñi bi gmrec db auóc pbrehtbi rbaupbrcr bitrb bk 3:>% y bk 38>% dbk acefhm bi kc ckturc m acrlc db vbkmahdcd, shbeprb qub kc bstruaturc db trcishahñi sb prmybatb tci kcrlc qub uic kåibc db uihñi bitrb kms amitmrims dbk cluc bi kcs sbaahmibs trcisvbrsckbs hihahck y ghick, tbilc ui ãilukm im ecymr c 36.2¾ ami rbspbatm ck b`b dbk acick. Qb rbamehbidc pcrc bstruaturcs euy lrcidbs im sñkm pmrqub scthsgcab eb`mr kms rbqubrhehbitms jhdrãukhams, shim tcefhèi pmrqub, bi bstms acsms, kcs supbrghahbs ami dmfkb aurvcturc sb pubdbi amistruhr dbitrm db tèrehims bamiñehacebitb rbitcfkbs. IMTC0 Kc trcishahñ trcishahñi i db aurvcturc aurvcturc shepkb y trcis trcishahñi hahñi db gmrec db auóc dbfbråc dbfbråci i khehtcrsb c acsms ami vbkmahdcdbs euy pbqubócs db gku`m db kcs trbs gmrecs bs cprmphcdc pcrc gku`m supbraråtham. , y ihiluic AMIAKRQHMIBQ Cdquhrhems amimahehbitms fãshams cabrac db kcs trcishahmibs pmr su hepmrtciahc bi kms caubduatms. Cprbidhems cabrac db kms thpms db trcishahmibs bxhstbitbs bi ui caubduatm. Cibxms Trcishahmibs Fhpkcicrbs Trcishahmibs Ckcfbcdcs Trcishahmibs Vblkcdcs VBGBVBIAHC FHFKHMLVÃGHA FHFKHMLVÃGHAC C jttps0//www.sarhfd.ame/dma/8626:327/Mfrcs-db-Crtb-Jhdrcukhac jttp0//fhfkhmtbac.uis.bdu.pb/sckcdmabitbs/crajhvmz/aurzmz/dhsb jttp0//fhfkhmtbac.uis.bdu.pb/sckcdmabitbs/crajhvm z/aurzmz/dhsb %G3m]y]cspbatms]amistruathvms] %G3m]y]cspbatm s]amistruathvms]bi]mfrcs]db]crtb.p bi]mfrcs]db]crtb.pdg dg jttp0//rbpmshtmrhm.puap.bdu.pb/hidbx/fhtstrbce/jcidkb/361427<:8/43642 jttp0//rbpmshtmrhm.puap.bdu.pb/hidbx/fhtstrbce/jcidkb/36 1427<:8/43642// ebacihac]gkuhdms]acp>7.pdg=sbqubiab563 jttps0//cacdbehc.hilimvc.bs/rbaursms/cpuitbs]dbem/jhdrcukhac]cvc jttps0//cacdbehc.hilimvc.bs/rbaursms/cpuitbs ]dbem/jhdrcukhac]cvcizcd izcd c]6.pdg ghkb0///A0/Rsbrs/@ukhm/Dmwikmcds/Dhsb%A1%F3m%6>db%6>Bstruaturcs %6>Jhdr%A1%C3ukhacs%6>-%6>E%A1%C3xhem%6>Whkk%A1%F1i %6>F.pdg jttps0//bs.skhdbsjcrb.ibt/lbmrlhiccrcu`m1/trcishahi-db-ui-acick