Factores de conversión DIMENSIÓN MÉTRICO MÉTRICO/INGLÉS Aceleración 1 m/s2 ⫽ 100 cm/s2 1 m/s2 ⫽ 3.2808 ft/s2 1 ft/s2 ⫽ 0.3048* m/s2 Área 1 m2 ⫽ 104 cm2 ⫽ 106 mm2 ⫽ 10⫺6 km2 1 m2 ⫽ 1 550 in2 ⫽ 10.764 ft2 1 ft2 ⫽ 144 in2 ⫽ 0.09290304* m2 Densidad 1 g/cm3 ⫽ 1 kg/L ⫽ 1 000 kg/m3 1 g/cm3 ⫽ 62.428 lbm/ft3 ⫽ 0.036127 lbm/in3 1 lbm/in3 ⫽ 1 728 lbm/ft3 1 kg/m3 ⫽ 0.062428 lbm/ft3 Energía, calor, trabajo, energía interna, entalpía 1 1 1 1 1 1 Fuerza 1 N ⫽ 1 kg · m/s2 ⫽ 105 dina 1 kgf ⫽ 9.80665 N 1 N ⫽ 0.22481 lbf 1 lbf ⫽ 32.174 lbm · ft/s2 ⫽ 4.44822 N Flujo de calor 1 W/cm2 ⫽ 104 W/m2 1 W/m2 ⫽ 0.3171 Btu/h · ft2 kJ ⫽ 1 000 J ⫽ 1 000 N · m ⫽ 1 kPa · m3 kJ/kg ⫽ 1 000 m2/s2 kWh ⫽ 3 600 kJ cal† ⫽ 4.184 J IT cal† ⫽ 4.1868 J Cal† ⫽ 4.1868 kJ W/m2 · °C ⫽ 1 W/m2 ·K 1 kJ ⫽ 0.94782 Btu 1 Btu ⫽ 1.055056 kJ ⫽ 5.40395 psia · ft3 ⫽ 778.169 lbf · ft 1 Btu/lbm ⫽ 25 037 ft2/s2 ⫽ 2.326* kJ/kg 1 kJ/kg ⫽ 0.430 Btu/lbm 1 kWh ⫽ 3 412.14 Btu 1 termia ⫽ 105 Btu ⫽ 1.055 ⫻ 105 kJ (gas natural) 1 W/m2 · °C ⫽ 0.17612 Btu/h · ft2 · °F Coeficiente de transferencia de calor 1 Longitud 1 m ⫽ 100 cm ⫽ 1 000 mm ⫽ 106 mm 1 km ⫽ 1 000 m 1 1 1 1 m ⫽ 39.370 in ⫽ 3.2808 ft ⫽ 1.0926 yd ft ⫽ 12 in ⫽ 0.3048* m milla ⫽ 5 280 ft ⫽ 1.6093 km in ⫽ 2.54* cm Masa 1 kg ⫽ 1 000 g 1 tonelada métrica ⫽ 1 000 kg 1 1 1 1 1 kg ⫽ 2.2046226 lbm lbm ⫽ 0.45359237* kg onza ⫽ 28.3495 g slug ⫽ 32.174 lbm ⫽ 14.5939 kg ton corta ⫽ 2 000 lbm ⫽ 907.1847 kg Potencia, velocidad de transferencia de calor 1 W ⫽ 1 J/s 1 kW ⫽ 1 000 W ⫽ 1.341 hp 1 hp‡ ⫽ 745.7 W 1 kW ⫽ 3 412.14 Btu/h ⫽ 737.56 lbf · ft/s 1 hp ⫽ 550 lbf · ft/s ⫽ 0.7068 Btu/s ⫽ 42.41 Btu/min ⫽ 2544.5 Btu/h ⫽ 0.74570 kW 1 hp de caldera ⫽ 33 475 Btu/h 1 Btu/h ⫽ 1.055056 kJ/h 1 ton de refrigeración ⫽ 200 Btu/min Presión 1 Pa ⫽ 1 N/m2 1 kPa ⫽ 103 Pa ⫽ 10⫺3 MPa 1 atm ⫽ 101.325 kPa ⫽ 1.01325 bars ⫽ 760 mm Hg a 0°C ⫽ 1.03323 kgf/cm2 1 mm Hg ⫽ 0.1333 kPa 1 Pa ⫽ 1.4504 ⫻ 10⫺4 psia ⫽ 0.020886 lbf/ft2 1 psi ⫽ 144 lbf/ft2 ⫽ 6.894757 kPa 1 atm ⫽ 14.696 psia ⫽ 29.92 in Hg a 30°F 1 in Hg ⫽ 3.387 kPa Calor específico 1 kJ/kg · °C ⫽ 1 kJ/kg · K ⫽ 1 J/g · °C 1 Btu/lbm · °F ⫽ 4.1868 kJ/kg · °C 1 Btu/lbmol · R ⫽ 4.1868 kJ/kmol · K 1 kJ/kg · °C ⫽ 0.23885 Btu/lbm · °F ⫽ 0.23885 Btu/lbm · R * Factores de conversión exactos entre las unidades métricas e inglesas. †La caloría se define originalmente como la cantidad de calor requerida para aumentar 1ºC la temperatura de 1 g de agua, pero ésta varía con la temperatura. La caloría de la tabla de vapor internacional (IT), generalmente preferida por los ingenieros, es exactamente 4.1868 J por definición y corresponde al calor específico del agua a 15ºC. La caloría termoquímica, por lo general preferida por los físicos, es exactamente 4.184 J por definición y corresponde al calor específico del agua a temperatura ambiente. La diferencia entre las dos es aproximadamente 0.06 por ciento, lo cual es despreciable. La Caloría con inicial mayúscula utilizada por los nutriólogos en realidad es una kilocaloría (1 000 calorías IT). 00front matters.indd 2 3/1/12 14:14:21 DIMENSIÓN MÉTRICO MÉTRICO/INGLÉS Volumen específico 1 m3/kg ⫽ 1 000 L/kg ⫽ 1 000 cm3/g 1 m3/kg ⫽ 16.02 ft3/lbm 1 ft3/lbm ⫽ 0.062428 m3/kg Temperatura T(K) ⫽ T(°C) ⫹ 273.15 ⌬T(K) ⫽ ⌬T(°C) T(R) ⫽ T(°F) ⫹ 459.67 ⫽ 1.8T(K) T(°F) ⫽ 1.8 T(°C) ⫹ 32 ⌬T(°F) ⫽ ⌬T(R) ⫽ 1.8 ⌬T(K) Conductividad térmica 1 W/m · °C ⫽ 1 W/m · K 1 W/m · °C ⫽ 0.57782 Btu/h · ft · °F Velocidad 1 m/s ⫽ 3.60 km/h 1 m/s ⫽ 3.2808 ft/s ⫽ 2.237 mi/h 1 mi/h ⫽ 1.46667 ft/s 1 mi/h ⫽ 1.6093 km/h Volumen 1 m3 ⫽ 1 000 L ⫽ 106 cm3 (cc) 1 m3 ⫽ 6.1024 ⫻ 104 in3 ⫽ 35.315 ft3 ⫽ 264.17 gal (U.S.) 1 U.S. galón ⫽ 231 in3 ⫽ 3.7854 L 1 fl onza ⫽ 29.5735 cm3 ⫽ 0.0295735 L 1 U.S. galón ⫽ 128 fl onzas 1 m3/s ⫽ 60 000 L/min ⫽ 106 cm3/s 1 m3/s ⫽ 15 850 gal/min (gpm) ⫽ 35.315 ft3/s ⫽ 2 118.9 ft3/min (cfm) Tasa de flujo volumétrico ‡Caballo de fuerza mecánico. El caballo de vapor eléctrico se toma para que sea exactamente igual a 746 W. Algunas constantes físicas Constante universal de los gases Ru ⫽ 8.31447 kJ/kmol · K ⫽ 8.31447 kPa · m3/kmol · K ⫽ 0.0831447 bar · m3/kmol · K ⫽ 82.05 L · atm/kmol · K ⫽ 1.9858 Btu/lbmol · R ⫽ 1 545.37 ft · lbf/lbmol · R ⫽ 10.73 psia · ft3/lbmol · R Aceleración de la gravedad estándar g ⫽ 9.80665 m/s2 ⫽ 32.174 ft/s2 Presión atmosférica estándar 1 atm ⫽ 101.325 kPa ⫽ 1.01325 bar ⫽ 14.696 psia ⫽ 760 mm Hg (0°C) ⫽ 29.9213 in Hg (32°F) ⫽ 10.3323 m H2O (4°C) Constante de Stefan-Boltzmann ⫽ 5.6704 ⫻ 10⫺8 W/m2 · K4 ⫽ 0.1714 ⫻ 10⫺8 Btu/h · ft2 · R4 Constante de Boltzmann k ⫽ 1.380650 ⫻ 10⫺23 J/K Velocidad de la luz en el vacío Velocidad del sonido en aire seco a 0ºC y 1 atm 00front matters.indd 3 co ⫽ 2.9979 ⫻ 108 m/s ⫽ 9.836 ⫻ 108 ft/s c ⫽ 331.36 m/s ⫽ 1089 ft/s Calor de fusión del agua a 1 atm hif ⫽ 333.7 kJ/kg ⫽ 143.5 Btu/lbm Entalpía de vaporización del agua a 1 atm hfg ⫽ 2 256.5 kJ/kg ⫽ 970.12 Btu/lbm 3/1/12 14:14:21 908 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-1 Masa molar, constante de gas y propiedades del punto crítico Sustancia Fórmula Agua Aire Alcohol etílico Alcohol metílico Amoniaco Argón Benceno Bromo n-Butano Cloro Cloroformo Cloruro metílico Criptón Diclorodifluorometano (R-12) Diclorofluorometano (R-21) Dióxido de carbono Dióxido de sulfuro Etano Etileno Helio n-Hexano Hidrógeno (normal) Metano Monóxido de carbono Neón Nitrógeno Óxido nitroso Oxígeno Propano Propileno Tetracloruro de carbono Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a) Triclorofluorometano (R-11) Xenón H2O — C2H5OH CH3OH NH3 Ar C 6 H6 Br2 C4H10 Cl2 CHCl3 CH3Cl Kr CCl2F2 CHCl2F CO2 SO2 C 2 H6 C2H4 He C6H14 H2 CH4 CO Ne N2 N 2O O2 C 3 H8 C3H6 CCl4 CF3CH2F CCl3F Xe Propiedades del punto crítico Masa molar, M kg/kmol Constante de gas, R kJ/kg · K* Temperatura, K 18.015 28.97 46.07 32.042 17.03 39.948 78.115 159.808 58.124 70.906 119.38 50.488 83.80 120.91 102.92 44.01 64.063 30.070 28.054 4.003 86.179 2.016 16.043 28.011 20.183 28.013 44.013 31.999 44.097 42.081 153.82 102.03 137.37 131.30 0.4615 0.2870 0.1805 0.2595 0.4882 0.2081 0.1064 0.0520 0.1430 0.1173 0.06964 0.1647 0.09921 0.06876 0.08078 0.1889 0.1298 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 0.09647 4.1240 0.5182 0.2968 0.4119 0.2968 0.1889 0.2598 0.1885 0.1976 0.05405 0.08149 0.06052 0.06332 647.1 132.5 516 513.2 405.5 151 562 584 425.2 417 536.6 416.3 209.4 384.7 451.7 304.2 430.7 305.5 282.4 5.3 507.9 33.3 191.1 133 44.5 126.2 309.7 154.8 370 365 556.4 374.2 471.2 289.8 Presión, MPa 22.06 3.77 6.38 7.95 11.28 4.86 4.92 10.34 3.80 7.71 5.47 6.68 5.50 4.01 5.17 7.39 7.88 4.48 5.12 0.23 3.03 1.30 4.64 3.50 2.73 3.39 7.27 5.08 4.26 4.62 4.56 4.059 4.38 5.88 Volumen, m3/kmol 0.0560 0.0883 0.1673 0.1180 0.0724 0.0749 0.2603 0.1355 0.2547 0.1242 0.2403 0.1430 0.0924 0.2179 0.1973 0.0943 0.1217 0.1480 0.1242 0.0578 0.3677 0.0649 0.0993 0.0930 0.0417 0.0899 0.0961 0.0780 0.1998 0.1810 0.2759 0.1993 0.2478 0.1186 *La unidad en kJ/kg · K es equivalente a kPa · m3/kg · K. La constante de gas se calcula de R Ru /M, donde Ru 8.31447 kJ/kmol · K y M es la masa molar. Fuente: K. A. Kobe y R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117–236; y ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: Sociedad Americana de Ingenieros de Calefacción, Refrigeración y Acondicionamiento de Aire, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 y 36.1. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 908 7/12/11 14:25:58 909 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes a) A 300 K Gas Fórmula Aire Argón Butano Dióxido de carbono Etano Etileno Helio Hidrógeno Metano Monóxido de carbono Neón Nitrógeno Octano Oxígeno Propano Vapor — Ar C4H10 CO2 C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 CO Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O Constante de gas, R kJ/kg · K 0.2870 0.2081 0.1433 0.1889 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 4.1240 0.5182 0.2968 0.4119 0.2968 0.0729 0.2598 0.1885 0.4615 cp kJ/kg · K cv kJ/kg · K k 1.005 0.5203 1.7164 0.846 1.7662 1.5482 5.1926 14.307 2.2537 1.040 1.0299 1.039 1.7113 0.918 1.6794 1.8723 0.718 0.3122 1.5734 0.657 1.4897 1.2518 3.1156 10.183 1.7354 0.744 0.6179 0.743 1.6385 0.658 1.4909 1.4108 1.400 1.667 1.091 1.289 1.186 1.237 1.667 1.405 1.299 1.400 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.126 1.327 Nota: La unidad kJ/kg · K es equivalente a kJ/kg · °C. Fuente: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3a. ed., por Kyle, B.G., © 2000. Adaptado con permiso de Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 909 7/12/11 14:25:58 910 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes (continuación) b) A diversas temperaturas Temperatura, K cp kJ/kg · K cv kJ/kg · K k Aire 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000 1.003 1.005 1.008 1.013 1.020 1.029 1.040 1.051 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.099 1.121 1.142 0.716 0.718 0.721 0.726 0.733 0.742 0.753 0.764 0.776 0.788 0.800 0.812 0.834 0.855 cp kJ/kg · K 14.051 14.307 14.427 14.476 14.501 14.513 14.530 14.546 14.571 14.604 14.645 14.695 14.822 14.983 9.927 10.183 10.302 10.352 10.377 10.389 10.405 10.422 10.447 10.480 10.521 10.570 10.698 10.859 k Dióxido de carbono, CO2 1.401 1.400 1.398 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.381 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.359 1.354 1.344 1.336 0.791 0.846 0.895 0.939 0.978 1.014 1.046 1.075 1.102 1.126 1.148 1.169 1.204 1.234 Hidrógeno, H2 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000 cv kJ/kg · K 1.416 1.405 1.400 1.398 1.398 1.397 1.396 1.396 1.395 1.394 1.392 1.390 1.385 1.380 0.602 0.657 0.706 0.750 0.790 0.825 0.857 0.886 0.913 0.937 0.959 0.980 1.015 1.045 1.314 1.288 1.268 1.252 1.239 1.229 1.220 1.213 1.207 1.202 1.197 1.193 1.186 1.181 cp kJ/kg · K 0.742 0.743 0.744 0.747 0.752 0.759 0.768 0.778 0.789 0.801 0.813 0.825 0.849 0.870 1.400 1.400 1.399 1.397 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.371 1.365 1.360 1.349 1.341 k Monóxido de carbono, CO 1.039 1.040 1.043 1.047 1.054 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.100 1.113 1.126 1.139 1.163 1.185 Nitrógeno, N2 1.039 1.039 1.041 1.044 1.049 1.056 1.065 1.075 1.086 1.098 1.110 1.121 1.145 1.167 cv kJ/kg · K 0.743 0.744 0.746 0.751 0.757 0.767 0.778 0.790 0.803 0.816 0.829 0.842 0.866 0.888 1.400 1.399 1.398 1.395 1.392 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.358 1.353 1.343 1.335 Oxígeno, O2 0.913 0.918 0.928 0.941 0.956 0.972 0.988 1.003 1.017 1.031 1.043 1.054 1.074 1.090 0.653 0.658 0.668 0.681 0.696 0.712 0.728 0.743 0.758 0.771 0.783 0.794 0.814 0.830 1.398 1.395 1.389 1.382 1.373 1.365 1.358 1.350 1.343 1.337 1.332 1.327 1.319 1.313 Fuente: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4a. ed., Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, p. 783, Tabla A-4M. Publicada originalmente en Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases, NBS Circular 564, 1955. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 910 7/12/11 14:25:58 911 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-2 Calores específicos de gas ideal de varios gases comunes (conclusión) c) Como una función de la temperatura _ cp a bT cT 2 dT 3 (T en K, cp en kJ/kmol · K) Sustancia Acetileno Aire Amoniaco Azufre Benceno i-Butano n-Butano Cloruro de hidrógeno Dióxido de azufre Dióxido de carbono Dióxido de nitrógeno Etano Etanol Etileno n-Hexano Hidrógeno Metano Metanol Monóxido de carbono Nitrógeno Óxido nítrico Óxido nitroso Oxígeno n-Pentano Propano Propileno Trióxido de azufre Agua (vapor) Fórmula C2H2 — NH3 S2 C6H6 C4H10 C4H10 a 21.8 28.11 27.568 27.21 36.22 7.913 3.96 b 9.2143 0.1967 2.5630 2.218 48.475 41.60 37.15 c 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 6.527 0.4802 0.99072 1.628 31.57 23.01 18.34 Rango de temp., K d 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 18.21 1.966 6.6909 3.986 77.62 49.91 35.00 109 % de error Máx. Prom. 109 109 109 109 109 109 273–1500 273–1800 273–1500 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 1.46 0.72 0.91 0.99 0.34 0.25 0.54 0.59 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.20 0.13 0.24 HCl 30.33 0.7620 102 1.327 105 4.338 109 273–1500 0.22 0.08 SO2 25.78 5.795 102 3.812 105 8.612 109 273–1800 0.45 0.24 CO2 22.26 5.981 102 3.501 105 7.469 109 273–1800 0.67 0.22 NO2 C2H6 C2H6O C2H4 C6H14 H2 CH4 CH4O 22.9 6.900 19.9 3.95 6.938 29.11 19.89 19.0 5.715 102 17.27 102 20.96 102 15.64 102 55.22 102 0.1916 102 5.024 102 9.152 102 3.52 6.406 10.38 8.344 28.65 0.4003 1.269 1.22 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 7.87 7.285 20.05 17.67 57.69 0.8704 11.01 8.039 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1800 273–1500 273–1000 0.46 0.83 0.40 0.54 0.72 1.01 1.33 0.18 0.18 0.28 0.22 0.13 0.20 0.26 0.57 0.08 CO N2 NO N2O O2 C5H12 C3H8 C3H6 28.16 0.1675 102 28.90 0.1571 102 29.34 0.09395 102 24.11 5.8632 102 25.48 1.520 102 6.774 45.43 102 4.04 30.48 102 3.15 23.83 102 0.5372 0.8081 0.9747 3.562 0.7155 22.46 15.72 12.18 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 2.222 2.873 4.187 10.58 1.312 42.29 31.74 24.62 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 273–1800 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 0.89 0.59 0.97 0.59 1.19 0.56 0.40 0.73 0.37 0.34 0.36 0.26 0.28 0.21 0.12 0.17 SO3 H2O 16.40 32.24 32.42 109 3.595 109 273–1300 273–1800 0.29 0.53 0.13 0.24 14.58 102 0.1923 102 11.20 105 1.055 105 Fuente: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, Englewood Cliffs, Nueva Jersey, Prentice Hall, 1984. Usada con permiso. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 911 7/12/11 14:25:58 912 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-3 Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes a) Líquidos Datos de ebullición a 1 atm Sustancia Punto Calor latente de de ebullivaporización ción normal, °C hfg , kJ/kg Datos de congelación Punto de congelación, °C Calor latente de fusión hif , kJ/kg Aceite comestible (ligero) Agua 100 2257 0.0 333.7 Alcohol etílico Amoniaco 78.6 33.3 855 1357 156 77.7 108 322.4 28 126 80.3 Argón Benceno n-Butano Dióxido de carbono Etanol Etilén glicol Glicerina Helio Hidrógeno Isobutano Mercurio Metano 185.9 80.2 0.5 78.4* 78.2 198.1 179.9 268.9 252.8 11.7 356.7 161.5 161.6 394 385.2 230.5 (a 0°C) 838.3 800.1 974 22.8 445.7 367.1 294.7 510.4 189.3 5.5 138.5 56.6 114.2 10.8 18.9 — 259.2 160 38.9 182.2 109 181.1 200.6 — 59.5 105.7 11.4 58.4 Metanol Nitrógeno 64.5 195.8 1100 198.6 97.7 210 99.2 25.3 Octano Oxígeno Petróleo Propano 124.8 183 — 42.1 306.3 212.7 230–384 427.8 57.5 218.8 180.7 13.7 187.7 80.0 Queroseno Refrigerante 134a Salmuera (20% de cloruro de sodio a base másica) 204–293 26.1 251 217.0 24.9 96.6 — — 103.9 — 17.4 — Propiedades de líquidos Temperatura, °C 25 0 25 50 75 100 20 33.3 20 0 25 185.6 20 0.5 0 25 20 20 268.9 252.8 11.7 25 161.5 100 25 195.8 160 20 183 20 42.1 0 50 20 50 20 26.1 0 25 Densidad r, kg/m3 Calor específico cp, kJ/kg · K 910 1000 997 988 975 958 789 682 665 639 602 1394 879 601 298 783 1109 1261 146.2 70.7 593.8 13,560 423 301 787 809 596 703 1141 640 581 529 449 820 1443 1.80 4.22 4.18 4.18 4.19 4.22 2.84 4.43 4.52 4.60 4.80 1.14 1.72 2.31 0.59 2.46 2.84 2.32 22.8 10.0 2.28 0.139 3.49 5.79 2.55 2.06 2.97 2.10 1.71 2.0 2.25 2.53 3.13 2.00 1.23 1150 1374 1295 1207 3.11 1.27 1.34 1.43 * Temperatura de sublimación. (A presiones por debajo de la presión de punto triple de 518 kPa, el dióxido de carbono existe como un sólido o un gas. También, la temperatura de punto de congelamiento del dióxido de carbono es la temperatura de punto triple de –56.5°C.) 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 912 7/12/11 14:25:59 914 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-4 Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas Volumen específico, m3/kg Temp., T °C Pres. sat., Psat kPa 0.01 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Energía interna, kJ/kg Líq. sat., vf Vapor sat., vg Líq. sat., uf Evap., ufg Vapor sat., ug 0.6117 0.8725 1.2281 1.7057 2.3392 0.001000 0.001000 0.001000 0.001001 0.001002 206.00 147.03 106.32 77.885 57.762 0.000 21.019 42.020 62.980 83.913 2374.9 2360.8 2346.6 2332.5 2318.4 2374.9 2381.8 2388.7 2395.5 2402.3 3.1698 4.2469 5.6291 7.3851 9.5953 0.001003 0.001004 0.001006 0.001008 0.001010 43.340 32.879 25.205 19.515 15.251 104.83 125.73 146.63 167.53 188.43 2304.3 2290.2 2276.0 2261.9 2247.7 2409.1 2415.9 2422.7 2429.4 2436.1 Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat., hf Entropía, kJ/kg · K Evap., hfg Vapor sat., hg Líq. sat., sf Vapor Evap., sat., sfg sg 2500.9 2489.1 2477.2 2465.4 2453.5 2500.9 2510.1 2519.2 2528.3 2537.4 0.0000 0.0763 0.1511 0.2245 0.2965 9.1556 8.9487 8.7488 8.5559 8.3696 9.1556 9.0249 8.8999 8.7803 8.6661 104.83 125.74 146.64 167.53 188.44 2441.7 2429.8 2417.9 2406.0 2394.0 2546.5 2555.6 2564.6 2573.5 2582.4 0.3672 0.4368 0.5051 0.5724 0.6386 8.1895 8.0152 7.8466 7.6832 7.5247 8.5567 8.4520 8.3517 8.2556 8.1633 0.001 21.020 42.022 62.982 83.915 50 55 60 65 70 12.352 15.763 19.947 25.043 31.202 0.001012 0.001015 0.001017 0.001020 0.001023 12.026 9.5639 7.6670 6.1935 5.0396 209.33 230.24 251.16 272.09 293.04 2233.4 2219.1 2204.7 2190.3 2175.8 2442.7 2449.3 2455.9 2462.4 2468.9 209.34 230.26 251.18 272.12 293.07 2382.0 2369.8 2357.7 2345.4 2333.0 2591.3 2600.1 2608.8 2617.5 2626.1 0.7038 0.7680 0.8313 0.8937 0.9551 7.3710 7.2218 7.0769 6.9360 6.7989 8.0748 7.9898 7.9082 7.8296 7.7540 75 80 85 90 95 38.597 47.416 57.868 70.183 84.609 0.001026 0.001029 0.001032 0.001036 0.001040 4.1291 3.4053 2.8261 2.3593 1.9808 313.99 334.97 355.96 376.97 398.00 2161.3 2146.6 2131.9 2117.0 2102.0 2475.3 2481.6 2487.8 2494.0 2500.1 314.03 335.02 356.02 377.04 398.09 2320.6 2308.0 2295.3 2282.5 2269.6 2634.6 2643.0 2651.4 2659.6 2667.6 1.0158 1.0756 1.1346 1.1929 1.2504 6.6655 6.5355 6.4089 6.2853 6.1647 7.6812 7.6111 7.5435 7.4782 7.4151 100 105 110 115 120 101.42 120.90 143.38 169.18 198.67 0.001043 0.001047 0.001052 0.001056 0.001060 1.6720 1.4186 1.2094 1.0360 0.89133 419.06 440.15 461.27 482.42 503.60 2087.0 2071.8 2056.4 2040.9 2025.3 2506.0 2511.9 2517.7 2523.3 2528.9 419.17 440.28 461.42 482.59 503.81 2256.4 2243.1 2229.7 2216.0 2202.1 2675.6 2683.4 2691.1 2698.6 2706.0 1.3072 1.3634 1.4188 1.4737 1.5279 6.0470 5.9319 5.8193 5.7092 5.6013 7.3542 7.2952 7.2382 7.1829 7.1292 125 130 135 140 145 232.23 270.28 313.22 361.53 415.68 0.001065 0.001070 0.001075 0.001080 0.001085 0.77012 0.66808 0.58179 0.50850 0.44600 524.83 546.10 567.41 588.77 610.19 2009.5 1993.4 1977.3 1960.9 1944.2 2534.3 2539.5 2544.7 2549.6 2554.4 525.07 546.38 567.75 589.16 610.64 2188.1 2173.7 2159.1 2144.3 2129.2 2713.1 2720.1 2726.9 2733.5 2739.8 1.5816 1.6346 1.6872 1.7392 1.7908 5.4956 5.3919 5.2901 5.1901 5.0919 7.0771 7.0265 6.9773 6.9294 6.8827 150 155 160 165 170 476.16 543.49 618.23 700.93 792.18 0.001091 0.001096 0.001102 0.001108 0.001114 0.39248 0.34648 0.30680 0.27244 0.24260 631.66 653.19 674.79 696.46 718.20 1927.4 1910.3 1893.0 1875.4 1857.5 2559.1 2563.5 2567.8 2571.9 2575.7 632.18 653.79 675.47 697.24 719.08 2113.8 2098.0 2082.0 2065.6 2048.8 2745.9 2751.8 2757.5 2762.8 2767.9 1.8418 1.8924 1.9426 1.9923 2.0417 4.9953 4.9002 4.8066 4.7143 4.6233 6.8371 6.7927 6.7492 6.7067 6.6650 175 180 185 190 195 200 892.60 1002.8 1123.5 1255.2 1398.8 1554.9 0.001121 0.001127 0.001134 0.001141 0.001149 0.001157 0.21659 0.19384 0.17390 0.15636 0.14089 0.12721 740.02 761.92 783.91 806.00 828.18 850.46 1839.4 1820.9 1802.1 1783.0 1763.6 1743.7 2579.4 2582.8 2586.0 2589.0 2591.7 2594.2 741.02 763.05 785.19 807.43 829.78 852.26 2031.7 2014.2 1996.2 1977.9 1959.0 1939.8 2772.7 2777.2 2781.4 2785.3 2788.8 2792.0 2.0906 2.1392 2.1875 2.2355 2.2831 2.3305 4.5335 4.4448 4.3572 4.2705 4.1847 4.0997 6.6242 6.5841 6.5447 6.5059 6.4678 6.4302 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 914 7/12/11 14:25:59 915 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-4 Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas (conclusión) Volumen específico, m3/kg Temp., T °C Pres. sat., Psat kPa 205 210 215 220 225 Energía interna, kJ/kg Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat, vf Vapor sat., vg Líq. sat., uf Evap., ufg Vapor sat., ug Líq. sat., hf 1724.3 1907.7 2105.9 2319.6 2549.7 0.001164 0.001173 0.001181 0.001190 0.001199 0.11508 0.10429 0.094680 0.086094 0.078405 872.86 895.38 918.02 940.79 963.70 1723.5 1702.9 1681.9 1660.5 1638.6 2596.4 2598.3 2599.9 2601.3 2602.3 874.87 897.61 920.50 943.55 966.76 230 235 240 245 250 2797.1 3062.6 3347.0 3651.2 3976.2 0.001209 0.001219 0.001229 0.001240 0.001252 0.071505 0.065300 0.059707 0.054656 0.050085 986.76 1010.0 1033.4 1056.9 1080.7 1616.1 1593.2 1569.8 1545.7 1521.1 2602.9 2603.2 2603.1 2602.7 2601.8 255 260 265 270 275 4322.9 4692.3 5085.3 5503.0 5946.4 0.001263 0.001276 0.001289 0.001303 0.001317 0.045941 0.042175 0.038748 0.035622 0.032767 1104.7 1128.8 1153.3 1177.9 1202.9 1495.8 1469.9 1443.2 1415.7 1387.4 280 285 290 295 300 6416.6 6914.6 7441.8 7999.0 8587.9 0.001333 0.001349 0.001366 0.001384 0.001404 0.030153 0.027756 0.025554 0.023528 0.021659 1228.2 1253.7 1279.7 1306.0 1332.7 305 310 315 320 325 9209.4 9865.0 10,556 11,284 12,051 0.001425 0.001447 0.001472 0.001499 0.001528 0.019932 0.018333 0.016849 0.015470 0.014183 330 335 340 345 350 12,858 13,707 14,601 15,541 16,529 0.001560 0.001597 0.001638 0.001685 0.001741 355 360 365 370 373.95 17,570 18,666 19,822 21,044 22,064 0.001808 0.001895 0.002015 0.002217 0.003106 Entropía, kJ/kg · K Vapor sat., hg Líq. sat., sf Vapor Evap., sat., sfg sg 1920.0 1899.7 1878.8 1857.4 1835.4 2794.8 2797.3 2799.3 2801.0 2802.2 2.3776 2.4245 2.4712 2.5176 2.5639 4.0154 3.9318 3.8489 3.7664 3.6844 6.3930 6.3563 6.3200 6.2840 6.2483 990.14 1013.7 1037.5 1061.5 1085.7 1812.8 1789.5 1765.5 1740.8 1715.3 2802.9 2803.2 2803.0 2802.2 2801.0 2.6100 2.6560 2.7018 2.7476 2.7933 3.6028 3.5216 3.4405 3.3596 3.2788 6.2128 6.1775 6.1424 6.1072 6.0721 2600.5 2598.7 2596.5 2593.7 2590.3 1110.1 1134.8 1159.8 1185.1 1210.7 1689.0 1661.8 1633.7 1604.6 1574.5 2799.1 2796.6 2793.5 2789.7 2785.2 2.8390 2.8847 2.9304 2.9762 3.0221 3.1979 3.1169 3.0358 2.9542 2.8723 6.0369 6.0017 5.9662 5.9305 5.8944 1358.2 1328.1 1296.9 1264.5 1230.9 2586.4 2581.8 2576.5 2570.5 2563.6 1236.7 1263.1 1289.8 1317.1 1344.8 1543.2 1510.7 1476.9 1441.6 1404.8 2779.9 2773.7 2766.7 2758.7 2749.6 3.0681 3.1144 3.1608 3.2076 3.2548 2.7898 2.7066 2.6225 2.5374 2.4511 5.8579 5.8210 5.7834 5.7450 5.7059 1360.0 1387.7 1416.1 1445.1 1475.0 1195.9 1159.3 1121.1 1080.9 1038.5 2555.8 2547.1 2537.2 2526.0 2513.4 1373.1 1402.0 1431.6 1462.0 1493.4 1366.3 1325.9 1283.4 1238.5 1191.0 2739.4 2727.9 2715.0 2700.6 2684.3 3.3024 3.3506 3.3994 3.4491 3.4998 2.3633 2.2737 2.1821 2.0881 1.9911 5.6657 5.6243 5.5816 5.5372 5.4908 0.012979 0.011848 0.010783 0.009772 0.008806 1505.7 1537.5 1570.7 1605.5 1642.4 993.5 945.5 893.8 837.7 775.9 2499.2 2483.0 2464.5 2443.2 2418.3 1525.8 1559.4 1594.6 1631.7 1671.2 1140.3 1086.0 1027.4 963.4 892.7 2666.0 2645.4 2622.0 2595.1 2563.9 3.5516 3.6050 3.6602 3.7179 3.7788 1.8906 1.7857 1.6756 1.5585 1.4326 5.4422 5.3907 5.3358 5.2765 5.2114 0.007872 0.006950 0.006009 0.004953 0.003106 1682.2 1726.2 1777.2 1844.5 2015.7 706.4 625.7 526.4 385.6 0 2388.6 2351.9 2303.6 2230.1 2015.7 1714.0 1761.5 1817.2 1891.2 2084.3 812.9 720.1 605.5 443.1 0 2526.9 2481.6 2422.7 2334.3 2084.3 3.8442 3.9165 4.0004 4.1119 4.4070 1.2942 1.1373 0.9489 0.6890 0 5.1384 5.0537 4.9493 4.8009 4.4070 Evap., hfg Fuente: Las tablas A-4 a A-8 fueron generadas utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la altamente precisa Steam_IAPWS, que incorpora la Formulación 1995 para las Propiedades Termodinámicas de la Sustancia Agua Ordinaria para Uso Científico y General, editada por The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). Esta formulación reemplaza a la formulación de 1984 de Haar, Gallagher y Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), la cual está también disponible en EES como la rutina STEAM. La nueva formulación se basa en las correlaciones de Saul y Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) con modificaciones para ajustarla a la Escala Internacional de Temperaturas de 1990. Las modificaciones están descritas por Wagner y Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993). Las propiedades del hielo están basadas en Hyland y Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K a 473.15 K”, ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 915 7/12/11 14:26:00 916 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-5 Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres., P kPa Temp. sat., Tsat °C Líq. sat., vf Vapor sat., vg Energía interna, kJ/kg Entalpía, kJ/kg Entropía, kJ/kg · K Líq. sat., uf Evap., ufg Vapor sat., ug Líq. sat, hf Evap., hfg Vapor sat., hg Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 6.97 13.02 17.50 21.08 24.08 0.001000 129.19 0.001001 87.964 0.001001 66.990 0.001002 54.242 0.001003 45.654 29.302 54.686 73.431 88.422 100.98 2355.2 2338.1 2325.5 2315.4 2306.9 2384.5 2392.8 2398.9 2403.8 2407.9 29.303 54.688 73.433 88.424 100.98 2484.4 2470.1 2459.5 2451.0 2443.9 2513.7 2524.7 2532.9 2539.4 2544.8 0.1059 0.1956 0.2606 0.3118 0.3543 8.8690 8.6314 8.4621 8.3302 8.2222 8.9749 8.8270 8.7227 8.6421 8.5765 4.0 5.0 7.5 10 15 28.96 32.87 40.29 45.81 53.97 0.001004 0.001005 0.001008 0.001010 0.001014 121.39 137.75 168.74 191.79 225.93 2293.1 2282.1 2261.1 2245.4 2222.1 2414.5 2419.8 2429.8 2437.2 2448.0 121.39 137.75 168.75 191.81 225.94 2432.3 2423.0 2405.3 2392.1 2372.3 2553.7 2560.7 2574.0 2583.9 2598.3 0.4224 0.4762 0.5763 0.6492 0.7549 8.0510 7.9176 7.6738 7.4996 7.2522 8.4734 8.3938 8.2501 8.1488 8.0071 20 25 30 40 50 60.06 64.96 69.09 75.86 81.32 0.001017 0.001020 0.001022 0.001026 0.001030 7.6481 6.2034 5.2287 3.9933 3.2403 251.40 271.93 289.24 317.58 340.49 2204.6 2190.4 2178.5 2158.8 2142.7 2456.0 2462.4 2467.7 2476.3 2483.2 251.42 271.96 289.27 317.62 340.54 2357.5 2345.5 2335.3 2318.4 2304.7 2608.9 2617.5 2624.6 2636.1 2645.2 0.8320 0.8932 0.9441 1.0261 1.0912 7.0752 6.9370 6.8234 6.6430 6.5019 7.9073 7.8302 7.7675 7.6691 7.5931 75 100 101.325 125 150 91.76 99.61 99.97 105.97 111.35 0.001037 0.001043 0.001043 0.001048 0.001053 2.2172 1.6941 1.6734 1.3750 1.1594 384.36 417.40 418.95 444.23 466.97 2111.8 2088.2 2087.0 2068.8 2052.3 2496.1 2505.6 2506.0 2513.0 2519.2 384.44 417.51 419.06 444.36 467.13 2278.0 2257.5 2256.5 2240.6 2226.0 2662.4 2675.0 2675.6 2684.9 2693.1 1.2132 1.3028 1.3069 1.3741 1.4337 6.2426 6.0562 6.0476 5.9100 5.7894 7.4558 7.3589 7.3545 7.2841 7.2231 175 200 225 250 275 116.04 120.21 123.97 127.41 130.58 0.001057 0.001061 0.001064 0.001067 0.001070 1.0037 0.88578 0.79329 0.71873 0.65732 486.82 504.50 520.47 535.08 548.57 2037.7 2024.6 2012.7 2001.8 1991.6 2524.5 2529.1 2533.2 2536.8 2540.1 487.01 504.71 520.71 535.35 548.86 2213.1 2201.6 2191.0 2181.2 2172.0 2700.2 2706.3 2711.7 2716.5 2720.9 1.4850 1.5302 1.5706 1.6072 1.6408 5.6865 5.5968 5.5171 5.4453 5.3800 7.1716 7.1270 7.0877 7.0525 7.0207 300 325 350 375 400 133.52 136.27 138.86 141.30 143.61 0.001073 0.001076 0.001079 0.001081 0.001084 0.60582 0.56199 0.52422 0.49133 0.46242 561.11 572.84 583.89 594.32 604.22 1982.1 1973.1 1964.6 1956.6 1948.9 2543.2 2545.9 2548.5 2550.9 2553.1 561.43 573.19 584.26 594.73 604.66 2163.5 2155.4 2147.7 2140.4 2133.4 2724.9 2728.6 2732.0 2735.1 2738.1 1.6717 1.7005 1.7274 1.7526 1.7765 5.3200 5.2645 5.2128 5.1645 5.1191 6.9917 6.9650 6.9402 6.9171 6.8955 450 500 550 600 650 147.90 151.83 155.46 158.83 161.98 0.001088 0.001093 0.001097 0.001101 0.001104 0.41392 0.37483 0.34261 0.31560 0.29260 622.65 639.54 655.16 669.72 683.37 1934.5 1921.2 1908.8 1897.1 1886.1 2557.1 2560.7 2563.9 2566.8 2569.4 623.14 640.09 655.77 670.38 684.08 2120.3 2108.0 2096.6 2085.8 2075.5 2743.4 2748.1 2752.4 2756.2 2759.6 1.8205 1.8604 1.8970 1.9308 1.9623 5.0356 4.9603 4.8916 4.8285 4.7699 6.8561 6.8207 6.7886 6.7593 6.7322 700 750 164.95 167.75 0.001108 0.001111 0.27278 696.23 0.25552 708.40 1875.6 1865.6 2571.8 2574.0 697.00 709.24 2065.8 2762.8 1.9918 4.7153 6.7071 2056.4 2765.7 2.0195 4.6642 6.6837 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 916 34.791 28.185 19.233 14.670 10.020 7/12/11 14:26:00 917 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-5 Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones (conclusión) Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres., P kPa Temp. sat., Tsat °C Líq. sat., vf Vapor sat., vg Energía interna, kJ/kg Líq. sat., uf Evap., ufg Entalpía, kJ/kg Entropía, kJ/kg · K Vapor sat., ug Líq. sat, hf Evap., hfg Vapor sat., hg Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 800 850 900 950 1000 170.41 172.94 175.35 177.66 179.88 0.001115 0.001118 0.001121 0.001124 0.001127 0.24035 0.22690 0.21489 0.20411 0.19436 719.97 731.00 741.55 751.67 761.39 1856.1 1846.9 1838.1 1829.6 1821.4 2576.0 2577.9 2579.6 2581.3 2582.8 720.87 731.95 742.56 752.74 762.51 2047.5 2038.8 2030.5 2022.4 2014.6 2768.3 2770.8 2773.0 2775.2 2777.1 2.0457 2.0705 2.0941 2.1166 2.1381 4.6160 4.5705 4.5273 4.4862 4.4470 6.6616 6.6409 6.6213 6.6027 6.5850 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 184.06 187.96 191.60 195.04 198.29 0.001133 0.001138 0.001144 0.001149 0.001154 0.17745 0.16326 0.15119 0.14078 0.13171 779.78 796.96 813.10 828.35 842.82 1805.7 1790.9 1776.8 1763.4 1750.6 2585.5 2587.8 2589.9 2591.8 2593.4 781.03 798.33 814.59 829.96 844.55 1999.6 1985.4 1971.9 1958.9 1946.4 2780.7 2783.8 2786.5 2788.9 2791.0 2.1785 2.2159 2.2508 2.2835 2.3143 4.3735 4.3058 4.2428 4.1840 4.1287 6.5520 6.5217 6.4936 6.4675 6.4430 1750 2000 2250 2500 3000 205.72 212.38 218.41 223.95 233.85 0.001166 0.001177 0.001187 0.001197 0.001217 0.11344 876.12 0.099587 906.12 0.088717 933.54 0.079952 958.87 0.066667 1004.6 1720.6 1693.0 1667.3 1643.2 1598.5 2596.7 878.16 2599.1 908.47 2600.9 936.21 2602.1 961.87 2603.2 1008.3 1917.1 1889.8 1864.3 1840.1 1794.9 2795.2 2798.3 2800.5 2801.9 2803.2 2.3844 2.4467 2.5029 2.5542 2.6454 4.0033 3.8923 3.7926 3.7016 3.5402 6.3877 6.3390 6.2954 6.2558 6.1856 3500 4000 5000 6000 7000 242.56 250.35 263.94 275.59 285.83 0.001235 0.001252 0.001286 0.001319 0.001352 0.057061 0.049779 0.039448 0.032449 0.027378 1045.4 1082.4 1148.1 1205.8 1258.0 1557.6 1519.3 1448.9 1384.1 1323.0 2603.0 2601.7 2597.0 2589.9 2581.0 1049.7 1087.4 1154.5 1213.8 1267.5 1753.0 1713.5 1639.7 1570.9 1505.2 2802.7 2800.8 2794.2 2784.6 2772.6 2.7253 2.7966 2.9207 3.0275 3.1220 3.3991 3.2731 3.0530 2.8627 2.6927 6.1244 6.0696 5.9737 5.8902 5.8148 8000 9000 10,000 11,000 12,000 295.01 303.35 311.00 318.08 324.68 0.001384 0.001418 0.001452 0.001488 0.001526 0.023525 0.020489 0.018028 0.015988 0.014264 1306.0 1350.9 1393.3 1433.9 1473.0 1264.5 1207.6 1151.8 1096.6 1041.3 2570.5 2558.5 2545.2 2530.4 2514.3 1317.1 1363.7 1407.8 1450.2 1491.3 1441.6 1379.3 1317.6 1256.1 1194.1 2758.7 2742.9 2725.5 2706.3 2685.4 3.2077 3.2866 3.3603 3.4299 3.4964 2.5373 2.3925 2.2556 2.1245 1.9975 5.7450 5.6791 5.6159 5.5544 5.4939 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000 330.85 336.67 342.16 347.36 352.29 0.001566 0.001610 0.001657 0.001710 0.001770 0.012781 0.011487 0.010341 0.009312 0.008374 1511.0 1548.4 1585.5 1622.6 1660.2 985.5 928.7 870.3 809.4 745.1 2496.6 2477.1 2455.7 2432.0 2405.4 1531.4 1571.0 1610.3 1649.9 1690.3 1131.3 1067.0 1000.5 931.1 857.4 2662.7 2637.9 2610.8 2581.0 2547.7 3.5606 3.6232 3.6848 3.7461 3.8082 1.8730 1.7497 1.6261 1.5005 1.3709 5.4336 5.3728 5.3108 5.2466 5.1791 18,000 19,000 20,000 21,000 22,000 22,064 356.99 361.47 365.75 369.83 373.71 373.95 0.001840 0.001926 0.002038 0.002207 0.002703 0.003106 0.007504 0.006677 0.005862 0.004994 0.003644 0.003106 1699.1 1740.3 1785.8 1841.6 1951.7 2015.7 675.9 598.9 509.0 391.9 140.8 0 2375.0 2339.2 2294.8 2233.5 2092.4 2015.7 1732.2 1776.8 1826.6 1888.0 2011.1 2084.3 777.8 689.2 585.5 450.4 161.5 0 2510.0 2466.0 2412.1 2338.4 2172.6 2084.3 3.8720 3.9396 4.0146 4.1071 4.2942 4.4070 1.2343 1.0860 0.9164 0.7005 0.2496 0 5.1064 5.0256 4.9310 4.8076 4.5439 4.4070 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 917 7/12/11 14:26:00 918 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado T °C u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.01 MPa (45.81°C)* Sat.† 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 14.670 14.867 17.196 19.513 21.826 24.136 26.446 31.063 35.680 40.296 44.911 49.527 54.143 58.758 63.373 67.989 72.604 2437.2 2443.3 2515.5 2587.9 2661.4 2736.1 2812.3 2969.3 3132.9 3303.3 3480.8 3665.4 3856.9 4055.3 4260.0 4470.9 4687.4 2583.9 2592.0 2687.5 2783.0 2879.6 2977.5 3076.7 3280.0 3489.7 3706.3 3929.9 4160.6 4398.3 4642.8 4893.8 5150.8 5413.4 8.1488 8.1741 8.4489 8.6893 8.9049 9.1015 9.2827 9.6094 9.8998 10.1631 10.4056 10.6312 10.8429 11.0429 11.2326 11.4132 11.5857 P 0.20 MPa (120.21°C) Sat. 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.88578 0.95986 1.08049 1.19890 1.31623 1.54934 1.78142 2.01302 2.24434 2.47550 2.70656 2.93755 3.16848 3.39938 3.63026 Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.37483 0.42503 0.47443 0.52261 0.57015 0.61731 0.71095 0.80409 0.89696 0.98966 1.08227 1.17480 1.26728 1.35972 1.45214 2529.1 2577.1 2654.6 2731.4 2808.8 2967.2 3131.4 3302.2 3479.9 3664.7 3856.3 4054.8 4259.6 4470.5 4687.1 2706.3 7.1270 2769.1 7.2810 2870.7 7.5081 2971.2 7.7100 3072.1 7.8941 3277.0 8.2236 3487.7 8.5153 3704.8 8.7793 3928.8 9.0221 4159.8 9.2479 4397.7 9.4598 4642.3 9.6599 4893.3 9.8497 5150.4 10.0304 5413.1 10.2029 P 0.50 MPa (151.83°C) 2560.7 2643.3 2723.8 2803.3 2883.0 2963.7 3129.0 3300.4 3478.6 3663.6 3855.4 4054.0 4259.0 4470.0 4686.6 2748.1 2855.8 2961.0 3064.6 3168.1 3272.4 3484.5 3702.5 3927.0 4158.4 4396.6 4641.4 4892.6 5149.8 5412.6 6.8207 7.0610 7.2725 7.4614 7.6346 7.7956 8.0893 8.3544 8.5978 8.8240 9.0362 9.2364 9.4263 9.6071 9.7797 u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.05 MPa (81.32°C) 2483.2 2645.2 7.5931 3.4187 3.8897 4.3562 4.8206 5.2841 6.2094 7.1338 8.0577 8.9813 9.9047 10.8280 11.7513 12.6745 13.5977 14.5209 2511.5 2585.7 2660.0 2735.1 2811.6 2968.9 3132.6 3303.1 3480.6 3665.2 3856.8 4055.2 4259.9 4470.8 4687.3 2682.4 2780.2 2877.8 2976.2 3075.8 3279.3 3489.3 3706.0 3929.7 4160.4 4398.2 4642.7 4893.7 5150.7 5413.3 7.6953 7.9413 8.1592 8.3568 8.5387 8.8659 9.1566 9.4201 9.6626 9.8883 10.1000 10.3000 10.4897 10.6704 10.8429 P 0.30 MPa (133.52°C) 2543.2 2571.0 2651.0 2728.9 2807.0 2966.0 3130.6 3301.6 3479.5 3664.3 3856.0 4054.5 4259.4 4470.3 4686.9 2724.9 6.9917 2761.2 7.0792 2865.9 7.3132 2967.9 7.5180 3069.6 7.7037 3275.5 8.0347 3486.6 8.3271 3704.0 8.5915 3928.2 8.8345 4159.3 9.0605 4397.3 9.2725 4642.0 9.4726 4893.1 9.6624 5150.2 9.8431 5413.0 10.0157 P 0.60 MPa (158.83°C) 0.31560 0.35212 0.39390 0.43442 0.47428 0.51374 0.59200 0.66976 0.74725 0.82457 0.90179 0.97893 1.05603 1.13309 1.21012 2566.8 2639.4 2721.2 2801.4 2881.6 2962.5 3128.2 3299.8 3478.1 3663.2 3855.1 4053.8 4258.8 4469.8 4686.4 2756.2 2850.6 2957.6 3062.0 3166.1 3270.8 3483.4 3701.7 3926.4 4157.9 4396.2 4641.1 4892.4 5149.6 5412.5 u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.10 MPa (99.61°C) 3.2403 0.60582 0.63402 0.71643 0.79645 0.87535 1.03155 1.18672 1.34139 1.49580 1.65004 1.80417 1.95824 2.11226 2.26624 2.42019 v m3/kg 6.7593 6.9683 7.1833 7.3740 7.5481 7.7097 8.0041 8.2695 8.5132 8.7395 8.9518 9.1521 9.3420 9.5229 9.6955 1.6941 2505.6 2675.0 1.6959 1.9367 2.1724 2.4062 2.6389 3.1027 3.5655 4.0279 4.4900 4.9519 5.4137 5.8755 6.3372 6.7988 7.2605 2675.8 7.3611 2776.6 7.6148 2875.5 7.8356 2974.5 8.0346 3074.5 8.2172 3278.6 8.5452 3488.7 8.8362 3705.6 9.0999 3929.4 9.3424 4160.2 9.5682 4398.0 9.7800 4642.6 9.9800 4893.6 10.1698 5150.6 10.3504 5413.3 10.5229 2506.2 2582.9 2658.2 2733.9 2810.7 2968.3 3132.2 3302.8 3480.4 3665.0 3856.7 4055.0 4259.8 4470.7 4687.2 7.3589 P 0.40 MPa (143.61°C) 0.46242 0.47088 0.53434 0.59520 0.65489 0.77265 0.88936 1.00558 1.12152 1.23730 1.35298 1.46859 1.58414 1.69966 1.81516 2553.1 2564.4 2647.2 2726.4 2805.1 2964.9 3129.8 3301.0 3479.0 3663.9 3855.7 4054.3 4259.2 4470.2 4686.7 2738.1 2752.8 2860.9 2964.5 3067.1 3273.9 3485.5 3703.3 3927.6 4158.9 4396.9 4641.7 4892.9 5150.0 5412.8 6.8955 6.9306 7.1723 7.3804 7.5677 7.9003 8.1933 8.4580 8.7012 8.9274 9.1394 9.3396 9.5295 9.7102 9.8828 P 0.80 MPa (170.41°C) 0.24035 0.26088 0.29321 0.32416 0.35442 0.38429 0.44332 0.50186 0.56011 0.61820 0.67619 0.73411 0.79197 0.84980 0.90761 2576.0 2631.1 2715.9 2797.5 2878.6 2960.2 3126.6 3298.7 3477.2 3662.5 3854.5 4053.3 4258.3 4469.4 4686.1 2768.3 2839.8 2950.4 3056.9 3162.2 3267.7 3481.3 3700.1 3925.3 4157.0 4395.5 4640.5 4891.9 5149.3 5412.2 6.6616 6.8177 7.0402 7.2345 7.4107 7.5735 7.8692 8.1354 8.3794 8.6061 8.8185 9.0189 9.2090 9.3898 9.5625 *La temperatura entre paréntesis es la temperatura de saturación a la presión especificada. † Propiedades del vapor saturado a la presión especificada. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 918 7/12/11 14:26:00 919 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación) T °C u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 1.00 MPa (179.88 C) Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.19437 0.20602 0.23275 0.25799 0.28250 0.30661 0.35411 0.40111 0.44783 0.49438 0.54083 0.58721 0.63354 0.67983 0.72610 2582.8 2622.3 2710.4 2793.7 2875.7 2957.9 3125.0 3297.5 3476.3 3661.7 3853.9 4052.7 4257.9 4469.0 4685.8 2777.1 2828.3 2943.1 3051.6 3158.2 3264.5 3479.1 3698.6 3924.1 4156.1 4394.8 4640.0 4891.4 5148.9 5411.9 6.5850 6.6956 6.9265 7.1246 7.3029 7.4670 7.7642 8.0311 8.2755 8.5024 8.7150 8.9155 9.1057 9.2866 9.4593 P 1.60 MPa (201.37 C) Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.12374 0.13293 0.14190 0.15866 0.17459 0.19007 0.22029 0.24999 0.27941 0.30865 0.33780 0.36687 0.39589 0.42488 0.45383 Sat. 225 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.07995 0.08026 0.08705 0.09894 0.10979 0.12012 0.13015 0.13999 0.15931 0.17835 0.19722 0.21597 0.23466 0.25330 0.27190 0.29048 2594.8 2792.8 2645.1 2857.8 2692.9 2919.9 2781.6 3035.4 2866.6 3146.0 2950.8 3254.9 3120.1 3472.6 3293.9 3693.9 3473.5 3920.5 3659.5 4153.4 3852.1 4392.6 4051.2 4638.2 4256.6 4890.0 4467.9 5147.7 4684.8 5410.9 6.4200 6.5537 6.6753 6.8864 7.0713 7.2394 7.5410 7.8101 8.0558 8.2834 8.4965 8.6974 8.8878 9.0689 9.2418 P 2.50 MPa (223.95 C) 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 919 2602.1 2604.8 2663.3 2762.2 2852.5 2939.8 3026.2 3112.8 3288.5 3469.3 3656.2 3849.4 4049.0 4254.7 4466.3 4683.4 2801.9 6.2558 2805.5 6.2629 2880.9 6.4107 3009.6 6.6459 3127.0 6.8424 3240.1 7.0170 3351.6 7.1768 3462.8 7.3254 3686.8 7.5979 3915.2 7.8455 4149.2 8.0744 4389.3 8.2882 4635.6 8.4897 4887.9 8.6804 5146.0 8.8618 5409.5 9.0349 u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 1.20 MPa (187.96 C) 0.16326 0.16934 0.19241 0.21386 0.23455 0.25482 0.29464 0.33395 0.37297 0.41184 0.45059 0.48928 0.52792 0.56652 0.60509 2587.8 2612.9 2704.7 2789.7 2872.7 2955.5 3123.4 3296.3 3475.3 3661.0 3853.3 4052.2 4257.5 4468.7 4685.5 2783.8 2816.1 2935.6 3046.3 3154.2 3261.3 3477.0 3697.0 3922.9 4155.2 4394.0 4639.4 4891.0 5148.5 5411.6 6.5217 6.5909 6.8313 7.0335 7.2139 7.3793 7.6779 7.9456 8.1904 8.4176 8.6303 8.8310 9.0212 9.2022 9.3750 P 1.80 MPa (207.11 C) 0.11037 0.11678 0.12502 0.14025 0.15460 0.16849 0.19551 0.22200 0.24822 0.27426 0.30020 0.32606 0.35188 0.37766 0.40341 2597.3 2637.0 2686.7 2777.4 2863.6 2948.3 3118.5 3292.7 3472.6 3658.8 3851.5 4050.7 4256.2 4467.6 4684.5 2795.9 2847.2 2911.7 3029.9 3141.9 3251.6 3470.4 3692.3 3919.4 4152.4 4391.9 4637.6 4889.6 5147.3 5410.6 6.3775 6.4825 6.6088 6.8246 7.0120 7.1814 7.4845 7.7543 8.0005 8.2284 8.4417 8.6427 8.8331 9.0143 9.1872 P 3.00 MPa (233.85 C) u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 1.40 MPa (195.04 C) 0.14078 0.14303 0.16356 0.18233 0.20029 0.21782 0.25216 0.28597 0.31951 0.35288 0.38614 0.41933 0.45247 0.48558 0.51866 2591.8 2602.7 2698.9 2785.7 2869.7 2953.1 3121.8 3295.1 3474.4 3660.3 3852.7 4051.7 4257.0 4468.3 4685.1 2788.9 2803.0 2927.9 3040.9 3150.1 3258.1 3474.8 3695.5 3921.7 4154.3 4393.3 4638.8 4890.5 5148.1 5411.3 6.4675 6.4975 6.7488 6.9553 7.1379 7.3046 7.6047 7.8730 8.1183 8.3458 8.5587 8.7595 8.9497 9.1308 9.3036 P 2.00 MPa (212.38 C) 0.09959 0.10381 0.11150 0.12551 0.13860 0.15122 0.17568 0.19962 0.22326 0.24674 0.27012 0.29342 0.31667 0.33989 0.36308 2599.1 2798.3 6.3390 2628.5 2836.1 6.4160 2680.3 2903.3 6.5475 2773.2 3024.2 6.7684 2860.5 3137.7 6.9583 2945.9 3248.4 7.1292 3116.9 3468.3 7.4337 3291.5 3690.7 7.7043 3471.7 3918.2 7.9509 3658.0 4151.5 8.1791 3850.9 4391.1 8.3925 4050.2 4637.1 8.5936 4255.7 4889.1 8.7842 4467.2 5147.0 8.9654 4684.2 5410.3 9.1384 P 3.50 MPa (242.56 C) 0.06667 2603.2 2803.2 6.1856 0.05706 2603.0 2802.7 6.1244 0.07063 0.08118 0.09056 0.09938 0.10789 0.11620 0.13245 0.14841 0.16420 0.17988 0.19549 0.21105 0.22658 0.24207 2644.7 2750.8 2844.4 2933.6 3021.2 3108.6 3285.5 3467.0 3654.3 3847.9 4047.7 4253.6 4465.3 4682.6 2856.5 2994.3 3116.1 3231.7 3344.9 3457.2 3682.8 3912.2 4146.9 4387.5 4634.2 4886.7 5145.1 5408.8 6.2893 6.5412 6.7450 6.9235 7.0856 7.2359 7.5103 7.7590 7.9885 8.2028 8.4045 8.5955 8.7771 8.9502 0.05876 0.06845 0.07680 0.08456 0.09198 0.09919 0.11325 0.12702 0.14061 0.15410 0.16751 0.18087 0.19420 0.20750 2624.0 2829.7 2738.8 2978.4 2836.0 3104.9 2927.2 3223.2 3016.1 3338.1 3104.5 3451.7 3282.5 3678.9 3464.7 3909.3 3652.5 4144.6 3846.4 4385.7 4046.4 4632.7 4252.5 4885.6 4464.4 5144.1 4681.8 5408.0 6.1764 6.4484 6.6601 6.8428 7.0074 7.1593 7.4357 7.6855 7.9156 8.1304 8.3324 8.5236 8.7053 8.8786 7/12/11 14:26:00 920 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación) T °C v m3/kg u kJ/kg Sat. 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.04978 0.05461 0.05887 0.06647 0.07343 0.08004 0.08644 0.09886 0.11098 0.12292 0.13476 0.14653 0.15824 0.16992 0.18157 h kJ/kg s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 4.0 MPa (250.35 C) 2601.7 2668.9 2726.2 2827.4 2920.8 3011.0 3100.3 3279.4 3462.4 3650.6 3844.8 4045.1 4251.4 4463.5 4680.9 2800.8 2887.3 2961.7 3093.3 3214.5 3331.2 3446.0 3674.9 3906.3 4142.3 4383.9 4631.2 4884.4 5143.2 5407.2 6.0696 6.2312 6.3639 6.5843 6.7714 6.9386 7.0922 7.3706 7.6214 7.8523 8.0675 8.2698 8.4612 8.6430 8.8164 P 6.0 MPa (275.59 C) Sat. 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.03245 0.03619 0.04225 0.04742 0.05217 0.05667 0.06102 0.06527 0.07355 0.08165 0.08964 0.09756 0.10543 0.11326 0.12107 2589.9 2668.4 2790.4 2893.7 2989.9 3083.1 3175.2 3267.2 3453.0 3643.2 3838.8 4040.1 4247.1 4459.8 4677.7 2784.6 2885.6 3043.9 3178.3 3302.9 3423.1 3541.3 3658.8 3894.3 4133.1 4376.6 4625.4 4879.7 5139.4 5404.1 5.8902 6.0703 6.3357 6.5432 6.7219 6.8826 7.0308 7.1693 7.4247 7.6582 7.8751 8.0786 8.2709 8.4534 8.6273 P 9.0 MPa (303.35 C) Sat. 325 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.020489 0.023284 0.025816 0.029960 0.033524 0.036793 0.039885 0.042861 0.045755 0.048589 0.054132 0.059562 0.064919 0.070224 0.075492 0.080733 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 920 2558.5 2647.6 2725.0 2849.2 2956.3 3056.3 3153.0 3248.4 3343.4 3438.8 3632.0 3829.6 4032.4 4240.7 4454.2 4672.9 2742.9 2857.1 2957.3 3118.8 3258.0 3387.4 3512.0 3634.1 3755.2 3876.1 4119.2 4365.7 4616.7 4872.7 5133.6 5399.5 5.6791 5.8738 6.0380 6.2876 6.4872 6.6603 6.8164 6.9605 7.0954 7.2229 7.4606 7.6802 7.8855 8.0791 8.2625 8.4371 u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 4.5 MPa (257.44 C) 0.04406 0.04733 0.05138 0.05842 0.06477 0.07076 0.07652 0.08766 0.09850 0.10916 0.11972 0.13020 0.14064 0.15103 0.16140 2599.7 2651.4 2713.0 2818.6 2914.2 3005.8 3096.0 3276.4 3460.0 3648.8 3843.3 4043.9 4250.4 4462.6 4680.1 2798.0 2864.4 2944.2 3081.5 3205.7 3324.2 3440.4 3670.9 3903.3 4140.0 4382.1 4629.8 4883.2 5142.2 5406.5 6.0198 6.1429 6.2854 6.5153 6.7071 6.8770 7.0323 7.3127 7.5647 7.7962 8.0118 8.2144 8.4060 8.5880 8.7616 P 7.0 MPa (285.83 C) 0.027378 0.029492 0.035262 0.039958 0.044187 0.048157 0.051966 0.055665 0.062850 0.069856 0.076750 0.083571 0.090341 0.097075 0.103781 2581.0 2633.5 2770.1 2879.5 2979.0 3074.3 3167.9 3261.0 3448.3 3639.5 3835.7 4037.5 4245.0 4457.9 4676.1 2772.6 2839.9 3016.9 3159.2 3288.3 3411.4 3531.6 3650.6 3888.3 4128.5 4373.0 4622.5 4877.4 5137.4 5402.6 5.8148 5.9337 6.2305 6.4502 6.6353 6.8000 6.9507 7.0910 7.3487 7.5836 7.8014 8.0055 8.1982 8.3810 8.5551 P 10.0 MPa (311.00 C) 0.018028 0.019877 0.022440 0.026436 0.029782 0.032811 0.035655 0.038378 0.041018 0.043597 0.048629 0.053547 0.058391 0.063183 0.067938 0.072667 2545.2 2611.6 2699.6 2833.1 2944.5 3047.0 3145.4 3242.0 3338.0 3434.0 3628.2 3826.5 4029.9 4238.5 4452.4 4671.3 2725.5 2810.3 2924.0 3097.5 3242.4 3375.1 3502.0 3625.8 3748.1 3870.0 4114.5 4362.0 4613.8 4870.3 5131.7 5398.0 5.6159 5.7596 5.9460 6.2141 6.4219 6.5995 6.7585 6.9045 7.0408 7.1693 7.4085 7.6290 7.8349 8.0289 8.2126 8.3874 u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 5.0 MPa (263.94 C) 0.03945 0.04144 0.04535 0.05197 0.05784 0.06332 0.06858 0.07870 0.08852 0.09816 0.10769 0.11715 0.12655 0.13592 0.14527 2597.0 2632.3 2699.0 2809.5 2907.5 3000.6 3091.8 3273.3 3457.7 3646.9 3841.8 4042.6 4249.3 4461.6 4679.3 2794.2 2839.5 2925.7 3069.3 3196.7 3317.2 3434.7 3666.9 3900.3 4137.7 4380.2 4628.3 4882.1 5141.3 5405.7 5.9737 6.0571 6.2111 6.4516 6.6483 6.8210 6.9781 7.2605 7.5136 7.7458 7.9619 8.1648 8.3566 8.5388 8.7124 P 8.0 MPa (295.01 C) 0.023525 0.024279 0.029975 0.034344 0.038194 0.041767 0.045172 0.048463 0.054829 0.061011 0.067082 0.073079 0.079025 0.084934 0.090817 2570.5 2592.3 2748.3 2864.6 2967.8 3065.4 3160.5 3254.7 3443.6 3635.7 3832.7 4035.0 4242.8 4456.1 4674.5 2758.7 2786.5 2988.1 3139.4 3273.3 3399.5 3521.8 3642.4 3882.2 4123.8 4369.3 4619.6 4875.0 5135.5 5401.0 5.7450 5.7937 6.1321 6.3658 6.5579 6.7266 6.8800 7.0221 7.2822 7.5185 7.7372 7.9419 8.1350 8.3181 8.4925 P 12.5 MPa (327.81 C) 0.013496 2505.6 2674.3 5.4638 0.016138 0.020030 0.023019 0.025630 0.028033 0.030306 0.032491 0.034612 0.038724 0.042720 0.046641 0.050510 0.054342 0.058147 2826.6 3040.0 3201.5 3343.6 3476.5 3604.6 3730.2 3854.6 4102.8 4352.9 4606.5 4864.5 5127.0 5394.1 2624.9 2789.6 2913.7 3023.2 3126.1 3225.8 3324.1 3422.0 3618.8 3818.9 4023.5 4233.1 4447.7 4667.3 5.7130 6.0433 6.2749 6.4651 6.6317 6.7828 6.9227 7.0540 7.2967 7.5195 7.7269 7.9220 8.1065 8.2819 7/12/11 14:26:01 921 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-6 Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (conclusión) T °C v m3/kg u kJ/kg Sat. 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 0.010341 0.011481 0.015671 0.018477 0.020828 0.022945 0.024921 0.026804 0.028621 0.032121 0.035503 0.038808 0.042062 0.045279 0.048469 h kJ/kg s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 15.0 MPa (342.16 C) 2455.7 2520.9 2740.6 2880.8 2998.4 3106.2 3209.3 3310.1 3409.8 3609.3 3811.2 4017.1 4227.7 4443.1 4663.3 2610.8 2693.1 2975.7 3157.9 3310.8 3450.4 3583.1 3712.1 3839.1 4091.1 4343.7 4599.2 4858.6 5122.3 5390.3 5.3108 5.4438 5.8819 6.1434 6.3480 6.5230 6.6796 6.8233 6.9573 7.2037 7.4288 7.6378 7.8339 8.0192 8.1952 0.001978 0.006005 0.007886 0.009176 0.011143 0.012736 0.014140 0.015430 0.016643 0.018922 0.021075 0.023150 0.025172 0.027157 0.029115 1799.9 2428.5 2607.8 2721.2 2887.3 3020.8 3140.0 3251.9 3359.9 3570.7 3780.2 3991.5 4206.1 4424.6 4647.2 1849.4 2578.7 2805.0 2950.6 3165.9 3339.2 3493.5 3637.7 3776.0 4043.8 4307.1 4570.2 4835.4 5103.5 5375.1 0.001641 0.001911 0.002538 0.003692 0.005623 0.006985 0.008089 0.009053 0.009930 0.011521 0.012980 0.014360 0.015686 0.016976 0.018239 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 921 1677.0 1855.0 2097.5 2364.2 2681.6 2875.1 3026.8 3159.5 3282.0 3511.8 3733.3 3952.9 4173.7 4396.9 4623.3 1742.6 1931.4 2199.0 2511.8 2906.5 3154.4 3350.4 3521.6 3679.2 3972.6 4252.5 4527.3 4801.1 5075.9 5352.8 s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 17.5 MPa (354.67 C) u kJ/kg 4.9310 0.012463 0.015204 0.017385 0.019305 0.021073 0.022742 0.024342 0.027405 0.030348 0.033215 0.036029 0.038806 0.041556 0.009950 0.012721 0.014793 0.016571 0.018185 0.019695 0.021134 0.023870 0.026484 0.029020 0.031504 0.033952 0.036371 5.5526 5.9043 6.1446 6.3390 6.5075 6.6593 6.7991 7.0531 7.2829 7.4950 7.6933 7.8802 8.0574 2684.3 2845.4 2972.4 3085.8 3192.5 3295.8 3397.5 3599.7 3803.5 4010.7 4222.3 4438.5 4659.2 2902.4 3111.4 3276.7 3423.6 3561.3 3693.8 3823.5 4079.3 4334.6 4592.0 4852.8 5117.6 5386.5 5.7211 6.0212 6.2424 6.4266 6.5890 6.7366 6.8735 7.1237 7.3511 7.5616 7.7588 7.9449 8.1215 0.001792 0.002798 0.005299 0.006737 0.008691 0.010175 0.011445 0.012590 0.013654 0.015628 0.017473 0.019240 0.020954 0.022630 0.024279 1738.1 2068.9 2452.9 2618.9 2824.0 2974.5 3103.4 3221.7 3334.3 3551.2 3764.6 3978.6 4195.2 4415.3 4639.2 1791.9 2152.8 2611.8 2821.0 3084.8 3279.7 3446.8 3599.4 3743.9 4020.0 4288.8 4555.8 4823.9 5094.2 5367.6 0.001560 0.001731 0.002009 0.002487 0.003890 0.005118 0.006108 0.006957 0.007717 0.009073 0.010296 0.011441 0.012534 0.013590 0.014620 1638.6 1787.8 1960.3 2160.3 2528.1 2769.5 2947.1 3095.6 3228.7 3472.2 3702.0 3927.4 4152.2 4378.6 4607.5 1716.6 1874.4 2060.7 2284.7 2722.6 3025.4 3252.6 3443.5 3614.6 3925.8 4216.8 4499.4 4778.9 5058.1 5338.5 2617.9 2807.3 2945.3 3064.7 3175.3 3281.4 3385.1 3590.1 3795.7 4004.3 4216.9 4433.8 4655.2 2816.9 3061.7 3241.2 3396.2 3539.0 3675.3 3807.8 4067.5 4325.4 4584.7 4847.0 5112.9 5382.7 P 35.0 MPa 3.9313 4.4758 5.1473 5.4422 5.7956 6.0403 6.2373 6.4074 6.5599 6.8301 7.0695 7.2880 7.4906 7.6807 7.8602 0.001701 0.002105 0.003434 0.004957 0.006933 0.008348 0.009523 0.010565 0.011523 0.013278 0.014904 0.016450 0.017942 0.019398 0.020827 P 50.0 MPa 3.8290 4.1145 4.5044 4.9449 5.4744 5.7857 6.0170 6.2078 6.3740 6.6613 6.9107 7.1355 7.3425 7.5357 7.7175 s kJ/kg K P 20.0 MPa (365.75 C) P 30.0 MPa 4.0345 5.1400 5.4708 5.6759 5.9643 6.1816 6.3637 6.5243 6.6702 6.9322 7.1668 7.3821 7.5825 7.7710 7.9494 h kJ/kg 0.005862 2294.8 2412.1 P 40.0 MPa 375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 h kJ/kg 0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435 P 25.0 MPa 375 400 425 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 u kJ/kg 1702.8 1914.9 2253.3 2497.5 2755.3 2925.8 3065.6 3190.9 3308.3 3531.6 3749.0 3965.8 4184.4 4406.1 4631.2 1762.4 1988.6 2373.5 2671.0 2997.9 3218.0 3399.0 3560.7 3711.6 3996.3 4270.6 4541.5 4812.4 5085.0 5360.2 3.8724 4.2144 4.7751 5.1946 5.6331 5.9093 6.1229 6.3030 6.4623 6.7409 6.9853 7.2069 7.4118 7.6034 7.7841 P 60.0 MPa 3.7642 4.0029 4.2746 4.5896 5.1762 5.5563 5.8245 6.0373 6.2179 6.5225 6.7819 7.0131 7.2244 7.4207 7.6048 0.001503 0.001633 0.001816 0.002086 0.002952 0.003955 0.004833 0.005591 0.006265 0.007456 0.008519 0.009504 0.010439 0.011339 0.012213 1609.7 1745.2 1892.9 2055.1 2393.2 2664.6 2866.8 3031.3 3175.4 3432.6 3670.9 3902.0 4130.9 4360.5 4591.8 1699.9 1843.2 2001.8 2180.2 2570.3 2901.9 3156.8 3366.8 3551.3 3880.0 4182.1 4472.2 4757.3 5040.8 5324.5 3.7149 3.9317 4.1630 4.4140 4.9356 5.3517 5.6527 5.8867 6.0814 6.4033 6.6725 6.9099 7.1255 7.3248 7.5111 7/12/11 14:26:01 922 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-7 Agua líquida comprimida T °C u kJ/kg v m3/kg h kJ/kg s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 5 MPa (263.94 C) Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9 u kJ/kg 0.0020378 0.0009904 0.0009929 0.0009992 0.0010084 0.0010199 0.0010337 0.0010496 0.0010679 0.0010886 0.0011122 0.0011390 0.0011697 0.0012053 0.0012472 0.0012978 0.0013611 0.0014450 0.0015693 0.0018248 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 922 1785.8 0.23 82.71 165.17 247.75 330.50 413.50 496.85 580.71 665.28 750.78 837.49 925.77 1016.1 1109.0 1205.6 1307.2 1416.6 1540.2 1703.6 1826.6 20.03 102.57 185.16 267.92 350.90 434.17 517.84 602.07 687.05 773.02 860.27 949.16 1040.2 1134.0 1231.5 1334.4 1445.5 1571.6 1740.1 s v kJ/kg K m3/kg P 10 MPa (311.00 C) 2.9207 0.0001 0.2954 0.5705 0.8287 1.0723 1.3034 1.5236 1.7344 1.9374 2.1338 2.3251 2.5127 2.6983 2.8841 0.0014522 0.0009952 0.0009973 0.0010035 0.0010127 0.0010244 0.0010385 0.0010549 0.0010738 0.0010954 0.0011200 0.0011482 0.0011809 0.0012192 0.0012653 0.0013226 0.0013980 P 20 MPa (365.75 C) Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 h kJ/kg 4.0146 0.0005 0.2921 0.5646 0.8208 1.0627 1.2920 1.5105 1.7194 1.9203 2.1143 2.3027 2.4867 2.6676 2.8469 3.0265 3.2091 3.3996 3.6086 3.8787 1393.3 0.12 83.31 166.33 249.43 332.69 416.23 500.18 584.72 670.06 756.48 844.32 934.01 1026.2 1121.6 1221.8 1329.4 1407.9 10.07 93.28 176.37 259.55 342.94 426.62 510.73 595.45 681.01 767.68 855.80 945.82 1038.3 1134.3 1235.0 1343.3 3.3603 0.0003 0.2943 0.5685 0.8260 1.0691 1.2996 1.5191 1.7293 1.9316 2.1271 2.3174 2.5037 2.6876 2.8710 3.0565 3.2488 u kJ/kg 0.29 82.11 164.05 246.14 328.40 410.87 493.66 576.90 660.74 745.40 831.11 918.15 1006.9 1097.8 1191.5 1288.9 1391.7 1502.4 1626.8 1782.0 29.86 111.77 193.90 276.26 358.86 441.74 525.00 608.76 693.21 778.55 865.02 952.93 1042.7 1134.7 1229.8 1328.9 1433.7 1547.1 1675.6 1838.2 s kJ/kg K P 15 MPa (342.16 C) 0.0016572 0.0009928 0.0009951 0.0010013 0.0010105 0.0010221 0.0010361 0.0010522 0.0010708 0.0010920 0.0011160 0.0011435 0.0011752 0.0012121 0.0012560 0.0013096 0.0013783 0.0014733 0.0016311 P 30 MPa 0.0009857 0.0009886 0.0009951 0.0010042 0.0010155 0.0010290 0.0010445 0.0010623 0.0010823 0.0011049 0.0011304 0.0011595 0.0011927 0.0012314 0.0012770 0.0013322 0.0014014 0.0014932 0.0016276 0.0018729 h kJ/kg 1585.5 0.18 83.01 165.75 248.58 331.59 414.85 498.50 582.69 667.63 753.58 840.84 929.81 1021.0 1115.1 1213.4 1317.6 1431.9 1567.9 1610.3 15.07 97.93 180.77 263.74 346.92 430.39 514.28 598.75 684.01 770.32 858.00 947.43 1039.2 1134.0 1233.0 1338.3 1454.0 1592.4 3.6848 0.0004 0.2932 0.5666 0.8234 1.0659 1.2958 1.5148 1.7243 1.9259 2.1206 2.3100 2.4951 2.6774 2.8586 3.0410 3.2279 3.4263 3.6555 P 50 MPa 0.0003 0.2897 0.5607 0.8156 1.0564 1.2847 1.5020 1.7098 1.9094 2.1020 2.2888 2.4707 2.6491 2.8250 3.0001 3.1761 3.3558 3.5438 3.7499 4.0026 0.0009767 0.0009805 0.0009872 0.0009962 0.0010072 0.0010201 0.0010349 0.0010517 0.0010704 0.0010914 0.0011149 0.0011412 0.0011708 0.0012044 0.0012430 0.0012879 0.0013409 0.0014049 0.0014848 0.0015884 0.29 80.93 161.90 243.08 324.42 405.94 487.69 569.77 652.33 735.49 819.45 904.39 990.55 1078.2 1167.7 1259.6 1354.3 1452.9 1556.5 1667.1 49.13 0.0010 129.95 0.2845 211.25 0.5528 292.88 0.8055 374.78 1.0442 456.94 1.2705 539.43 1.4859 622.36 1.6916 705.85 1.8889 790.06 2.0790 875.19 2.2628 961.45 2.4414 1049.1 2.6156 1138.4 2.7864 1229.9 2.9547 1324.0 3.1218 1421.4 3.2888 1523.1 3.4575 1630.7 3.6301 1746.5 3.8102 7/12/11 14:26:01 923 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-8 Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua Volumen específico, m3/kg Energía interna, kJ/kg Entalpía, kJ/kg Entropía, kJ/kg · K Temp., T °C Pres. sat., Psat kPa Hielo sat, vi Vapor sat., vg Hielo sat., ui Subl., uig Vapor sat., ug Hielo sat., hi Subl., hig Vapor sat., hg Hielo sat., si Subl., sig Vapor sat., sg 0.01 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 0.61169 0.61115 0.51772 0.43748 0.36873 0.30998 0.25990 0.21732 0.18121 0.15068 0.12492 0.10326 0.08510 0.06991 0.05725 0.04673 0.03802 0.03082 0.02490 0.02004 0.01608 0.01285 0.001091 0.001091 0.001091 0.001090 0.001090 0.001090 0.001089 0.001089 0.001088 0.001088 0.001088 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001086 0.001086 0.001086 0.001085 0.001085 0.001085 0.001084 205.99 206.17 241.62 283.84 334.27 394.66 467.17 554.47 659.88 787.51 942.51 1131.3 1362.0 1644.7 1992.2 2421.0 2951.7 3610.9 4432.4 5460.1 6750.5 8376.7 333.40 333.43 337.63 341.80 345.94 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70 2707.9 2707.9 2709.4 2710.8 2712.2 2713.5 2714.8 2716.1 2717.3 2718.6 2719.7 2720.9 2722.0 2723.1 2724.2 2725.2 2726.2 2727.2 2728.1 2729.0 2729.9 2730.7 2374.5 2374.5 2371.8 2369.0 2366.2 2363.5 2360.7 2357.9 2355.2 2352.4 2349.6 2346.8 2344.1 2341.3 2338.5 2335.7 2332.9 2330.2 2327.4 2324.6 2321.8 2319.0 333.40 333.43 337.63 341.80 345.93 350.04 354.12 358.17 362.18 366.17 370.13 374.06 377.95 381.82 385.66 389.47 393.25 397.00 400.72 404.40 408.07 411.70 2833.9 2833.9 2834.5 2835.0 2835.4 2835.8 2836.2 2836.6 2836.9 2837.2 2837.5 2837.7 2837.9 2838.1 2838.2 2838.3 2838.4 2838.4 2838.5 2838.4 2838.4 2838.3 2500.5 2500.5 2496.8 2493.2 2489.5 2485.8 2482.1 2478.4 2474.7 2471.0 2467.3 2463.6 2459.9 2456.2 2452.5 2448.8 2445.1 2441.4 2437.7 2434.0 2430.3 2426.6 1.2202 1.2204 1.2358 1.2513 1.2667 1.2821 1.2976 1.3130 1.3284 1.3439 1.3593 1.3748 1.3903 1.4057 1.4212 1.4367 1.4521 1.4676 1.4831 1.4986 1.5141 1.5296 10.374 10.375 10.453 10.533 10.613 10.695 10.778 10.862 10.947 11.033 11.121 11.209 11.300 11.391 11.484 11.578 11.673 11.770 11.869 11.969 12.071 12.174 9.154 9.154 9.218 9.282 9.347 9.413 9.480 9.549 9.618 9.689 9.761 9.835 9.909 9.985 10.063 10.141 10.221 10.303 10.386 10.470 10.557 10.644 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 923 7/12/11 14:26:01 926 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura Volumen específico, m3/kg Energía interna, kJ/kg Pres. Líq. Temp., sat., sat., T °C Psat kPa vf Vapor sat., vg Líq. sat., uf Evap., ufg Vapor sat., ug 40 38 36 34 32 51.25 56.86 62.95 69.56 76.71 0.0007054 0.0007083 0.0007112 0.0007142 0.0007172 0.36081 0.32732 0.29751 0.27090 0.24711 0.036 2.475 4.992 7.517 10.05 207.40 206.04 204.67 203.29 201.91 30 28 26 24 22 84.43 92.76 101.73 111.37 121.72 0.0007203 0.0007234 0.0007265 0.0007297 0.0007329 0.22580 0.20666 0.18946 0.17395 0.15995 12.59 15.13 17.69 20.25 22.82 20 18 16 14 12 132.82 144.69 157.38 170.93 185.37 0.0007362 0.0007396 0.0007430 0.0007464 0.0007499 0.14729 0.13583 0.12542 0.11597 0.10736 10 8 6 4 2 200.74 217.08 234.44 252.85 272.36 0.0007535 0.0007571 0.0007608 0.0007646 0.0007684 0 2 4 6 8 293.01 314.84 337.90 362.23 387.88 10 12 14 16 18 414.89 443.31 473.19 504.58 537.52 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 926 Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat., hf Entropía, kJ/kg · K Evap., hfg Vapor sat., hg Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 207.37 0.000 208.51 2.515 209.66 5.037 210.81 7.566 211.96 10.10 225.86 224.61 223.35 222.09 220.81 225.86 227.12 228.39 229.65 230.91 0.00000 0.01072 0.02138 0.03199 0.04253 0.96866 0.95511 0.94176 0.92859 0.91560 0.96866 0.96584 0.96315 0.96058 0.95813 200.52 199.12 197.72 196.30 194.88 213.11 214.25 215.40 216.55 217.70 12.65 15.20 17.76 20.33 22.91 219.52 232.17 218.22 233.43 216.92 234.68 215.59 235.92 214.26 s237.17 0.05301 0.06344 0.07382 0.08414 0.09441 0.90278 0.89012 0.87762 0.86527 0.85307 0.95579 0.95356 0.95144 0.94941 0.94748 25.39 27.98 30.57 33.17 35.78 193.45 192.01 190.56 189.09 187.62 218.84 219.98 221.13 222.27 223.40 25.49 28.09 30.69 33.30 35.92 212.91 211.55 210.18 208.79 207.38 238.41 239.64 240.87 242.09 243.30 0.10463 0.11481 0.12493 0.13501 0.14504 0.84101 0.82908 0.81729 0.80561 0.79406 0.94564 0.94389 0.94222 0.94063 0.93911 0.099516 0.092352 0.085802 0.079804 0.074304 38.40 41.03 43.66 46.31 48.96 186.14 184.64 183.13 181.61 180.08 224.54 225.67 226.80 227.92 229.04 38.55 41.19 43.84 46.50 49.17 205.96 204.52 203.07 201.60 200.11 244.51 245.72 246.91 248.10 249.28 0.15504 0.16498 0.17489 0.18476 0.19459 0.78263 0.77130 0.76008 0.74896 0.73794 0.93766 0.93629 0.93497 0.93372 0.93253 0.0007723 0.0007763 0.0007804 0.0007845 0.0007887 0.069255 0.064612 0.060338 0.056398 0.052762 51.63 54.30 56.99 59.68 62.39 178.53 176.97 175.39 173.80 172.19 230.16 231.27 232.38 233.48 234.58 51.86 54.55 57.25 59.97 62.69 198.60 197.07 195.51 193.94 192.35 250.45 251.61 252.77 253.91 255.04 0.20439 0.21415 0.22387 0.23356 0.24323 0.72701 0.71616 0.70540 0.69471 0.68410 0.93139 0.93031 0.92927 0.92828 0.92733 0.0007930 0.0007975 0.0008020 0.0008066 0.0008113 0.049403 0.046295 0.043417 0.040748 0.038271 65.10 67.83 70.57 73.32 76.08 170.56 168.92 167.26 165.58 163.88 235.67 236.75 237.83 238.90 239.96 65.43 68.18 70.95 73.73 76.52 190.73 189.09 187.42 185.73 184.01 256.16 257.27 258.37 259.46 260.53 0.25286 0.26246 0.27204 0.28159 0.29112 0.67356 0.66308 0.65266 0.64230 0.63198 0.92641 0.92554 0.92470 0.92389 0.92310 7/12/11 14:26:02 927 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-11 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura (conclusión) Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres. Líq. Temp., sat., sat., T °C Psat kPa vf Vapor sat., vg Energía interna, kJ/kg Líq. sat., uf Evap., ufg Vapor sat., ug Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat., hf Entropía, kJ/kg · K Evap., hfg Vapor sat., hg Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 20 22 24 26 28 572.07 608.27 646.18 685.84 727.31 0.0008161 0.0008210 0.0008261 0.0008313 0.0008366 0.035969 0.033828 0.031834 0.029976 0.028242 78.86 81.64 84.44 87.26 90.09 162.16 160.42 158.65 156.87 155.05 241.02 242.06 243.10 244.12 245.14 79.32 82.14 84.98 87.83 90.69 182.27 180.49 178.69 176.85 174.99 261.59 262.64 263.67 264.68 265.68 0.30063 0.31011 0.31958 0.32903 0.33846 0.62172 0.61149 0.60130 0.59115 0.58102 0.92234 0.92160 0.92088 0.92018 0.91948 30 32 34 36 38 770.64 815.89 863.11 912.35 963.68 0.0008421 0.0008478 0.0008536 0.0008595 0.0008657 0.026622 0.025108 0.023691 0.022364 0.021119 92.93 95.79 98.66 101.55 104.45 153.22 151.35 149.46 147.54 145.58 246.14 247.14 248.12 249.08 250.04 93.58 96.48 99.40 102.33 105.29 173.08 171.14 169.17 167.16 165.10 266.66 267.62 268.57 269.49 270.39 0.34789 0.35730 0.36670 0.37609 0.38548 0.57091 0.56082 0.55074 0.54066 0.53058 0.91879 0.91811 0.91743 0.91675 0.91606 40 42 44 46 48 1017.1 1072.8 1130.7 1191.0 1253.6 0.0008720 0.0008786 0.0008854 0.0008924 0.0008996 0.019952 0.018855 0.017824 0.016853 0.015939 107.38 110.32 113.28 116.26 119.26 143.60 141.58 139.52 137.42 135.29 250.97 251.89 252.80 253.68 254.55 108.26 111.26 114.28 117.32 120.39 163.00 160.86 158.67 156.43 154.14 271.27 272.12 272.95 273.75 274.53 0.39486 0.40425 0.41363 0.42302 0.43242 0.52049 0.51039 0.50027 0.49012 0.47993 0.91536 0.91464 0.91391 0.91315 0.91236 52 56 60 65 70 75 1386.2 1529.1 1682.8 1891.0 2118.2 2365.8 0.0009150 0.0009317 0.0009498 0.0009750 0.0010037 0.0010372 0.014265 0.012771 0.011434 0.009950 0.008642 0.007480 125.33 131.49 137.76 145.77 154.01 162.53 130.88 126.28 121.46 115.05 108.14 100.60 256.21 257.77 259.22 260.82 262.15 263.13 126.59 132.91 139.36 147.62 156.13 164.98 149.39 144.38 139.10 132.02 124.32 115.85 275.98 277.30 278.46 279.64 280.46 280.82 0.45126 0.47018 0.48920 0.51320 0.53755 0.56241 0.45941 0.43863 0.41749 0.39039 0.36227 0.33272 0.91067 0.90880 0.90669 0.90359 0.89982 0.89512 80 85 90 95 100 2635.3 2928.2 3246.9 3594.1 3975.1 0.0010772 0.0011270 0.0011932 0.0012933 0.0015269 0.006436 0.005486 0.004599 0.003726 0.002630 171.40 180.77 190.89 202.40 218.72 92.23 82.67 71.29 56.47 29.19 263.63 263.44 262.18 258.87 247.91 174.24 184.07 194.76 207.05 224.79 106.35 95.44 82.35 65.21 33.58 280.59 279.51 277.11 272.26 258.37 0.58800 0.61473 0.64336 0.67578 0.72217 0.30111 0.26644 0.22674 0.17711 0.08999 0.88912 0.88117 0.87010 0.85289 0.81215 Fuente: Las tablas A-11 a A-13 se generaron utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la R134a, la cual está basada en la ecuación fundamental de estado desarrollada por R. Tillner-Roth y H. D. Baehr, “An Internacional Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties de 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures up to 70 MPa”, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, vol. 23, núm. 5, 1994. Los valores de entalpía y entropía para el líquido saturado son cero a –40°C (y –40°F). 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 927 7/12/11 14:26:02 928 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-12 Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión Volumen específico, m3/kg Pres., P kPa Temp. sat., Tsat °C Líq. sat., vf Energía interna, kJ/kg Vapor sat., vg Líq. sat., uf Vapor Evap., sat., ufg ug Entalpía, kJ/kg Líq. sat., hf Entropía, kJ/kg · K Vapor Evap., sat., hfg hg Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 60 70 80 90 100 36.95 33.87 31.13 28.65 26.37 0.0007098 0.0007144 0.0007185 0.0007223 0.0007259 0.31121 0.26929 0.23753 0.21263 0.19254 3.798 7.680 11.15 14.31 17.21 205.32 203.20 201.30 199.57 197.98 209.12 210.88 212.46 213.88 215.19 3.841 7.730 11.21 14.37 17.28 223.95 222.00 220.25 218.65 217.16 227.79 229.73 231.46 233.02 234.44 0.01634 0.03267 0.04711 0.06008 0.07188 0.94807 0.92775 0.90999 0.89419 0.87995 0.96441 0.96042 0.95710 0.95427 0.95183 120 140 160 180 200 22.32 18.77 15.60 12.73 10.09 0.0007324 0.0007383 0.0007437 0.0007487 0.0007533 0.16212 0.14014 0.12348 0.11041 0.099867 22.40 26.98 31.09 34.83 38.28 195.11 192.57 190.27 188.16 186.21 217.51 219.54 221.35 222.99 224.48 22.49 27.08 31.21 34.97 38.43 214.48 212.08 209.90 207.90 206.03 236.97 239.16 241.11 242.86 244.46 0.09275 0.11087 0.12693 0.14139 0.15457 0.85503 0.83368 0.81496 0.79826 0.78316 0.94779 0.94456 0.94190 0.93965 0.93773 240 280 320 360 400 5.38 1.25 2.46 5.82 8.91 0.0007620 0.0007699 0.0007772 0.0007841 0.0007907 0.083897 0.072352 0.063604 0.056738 0.051201 44.48 49.97 54.92 59.44 63.62 182.67 179.50 176.61 173.94 171.45 227.14 229.46 231.52 233.38 235.07 44.66 50.18 55.16 59.72 63.94 202.62 199.54 196.71 194.08 191.62 247.28 249.72 251.88 253.81 255.55 0.17794 0.19829 0.21637 0.23270 0.24761 0.75664 0.73381 0.71369 0.69566 0.67929 0.93458 0.93210 0.93006 0.92836 0.92691 450 500 550 600 650 12.46 15.71 18.73 21.55 24.20 0.0007985 0.0008059 0.0008130 0.0008199 0.0008266 0.045619 0.041118 0.037408 0.034295 0.031646 68.45 72.93 77.10 81.02 84.72 168.54 165.82 163.25 160.81 158.48 237.00 238.75 240.35 241.83 243.20 68.81 73.33 77.54 81.51 85.26 188.71 185.98 183.38 180.90 178.51 257.53 259.30 260.92 262.40 263.77 0.26465 0.28023 0.29461 0.30799 0.32051 0.66069 0.64377 0.62821 0.61378 0.60030 0.92535 0.92400 0.92282 0.92177 0.92081 700 750 800 850 26.69 29.06 31.31 33.45 0.0008331 0.0008395 0.0008458 0.0008520 0.029361 0.027371 0.025621 0.024069 88.24 91.59 94.79 97.87 156.24 154.08 152.00 149.98 244.48 245.67 246.79 247.85 88.82 92.22 95.47 98.60 176.21 173.98 171.82 169.71 265.03 266.20 267.29 268.31 0.33230 0.34345 0.35404 0.36413 0.58763 0.57567 0.56431 0.55349 0.91994 0.91912 0.91835 0.91762 900 950 1000 1200 1400 35.51 37.48 39.37 46.29 52.40 0.0008580 0.0008641 0.0008700 0.0008934 0.0009166 0.022683 0.021438 0.020313 0.016715 0.014107 100.83 103.69 106.45 116.70 125.94 148.01 146.10 144.23 137.11 130.43 248.85 249.79 250.68 253.81 256.37 101.61 104.51 107.32 117.77 127.22 167.66 165.64 163.67 156.10 148.90 269.26 270.15 270.99 273.87 276.12 0.37377 0.38301 0.39189 0.42441 0.45315 0.54315 0.53323 0.52368 0.48863 0.45734 0.91692 0.91624 0.91558 0.91303 0.91050 1600 1800 2000 2500 3000 57.88 62.87 67.45 77.54 86.16 0.0009400 0.0009639 0.0009886 0.0010566 0.0011406 0.012123 0.010559 0.009288 0.006936 0.005275 134.43 142.33 149.78 166.99 183.04 124.04 117.83 111.73 96.47 80.22 258.47 260.17 261.51 263.45 263.26 135.93 144.07 151.76 169.63 186.46 141.93 135.11 128.33 111.16 92.63 277.86 279.17 280.09 280.79 279.09 0.47911 0.50294 0.52509 0.57531 0.62118 0.42873 0.40204 0.37675 0.31695 0.25776 0.90784 0.90498 0.90184 0.89226 0.87894 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 928 7/12/11 14:26:02 929 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-13 Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado T °C v m3/kg Sat. 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.31121 0.33608 0.35048 0.36476 0.37893 0.39302 0.40705 0.42102 0.43495 0.44883 0.46269 0.47651 0.49032 0.50410 Sat. 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.11041 0.11189 0.11722 0.12240 0.12748 0.13248 0.13741 0.14230 0.14715 0.15196 0.15673 0.16149 0.16622 Sat. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 0.07235 0.07282 0.07646 0.07997 0.08338 0.08672 0.09000 0.09324 0.09644 0.09961 0.10275 0.10587 0.10897 0.11205 0.11512 0.11818 u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.06 MPa (Tsat 36.95 °C) 209.12 220.60 227.55 234.66 241.92 249.35 256.95 264.71 272.64 280.73 288.99 297.41 306.00 314.74 227.79 240.76 248.58 256.54 264.66 272.94 281.37 289.97 298.74 307.66 316.75 326.00 335.42 344.99 0.9644 1.0174 1.0477 1.0774 1.1066 1.1353 1.1636 1.1915 1.2191 1.2463 1.2732 1.2997 1.3260 1.3520 P 0.18 MPa (Tsat 12.73 °C) 222.99 225.02 232.48 240.00 247.64 255.41 263.31 271.36 279.56 287.91 296.42 305.07 313.88 242.86 245.16 253.58 262.04 270.59 279.25 288.05 296.98 306.05 315.27 324.63 334.14 343.80 0.9397 0.9484 0.9798 1.0102 1.0399 1.0690 1.0975 1.1256 1.1532 1.1805 1.2074 1.2339 1.2602 P 0.28 MPa (Tsat 1.25 °C) 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 929 229.46 230.44 238.27 246.13 254.06 262.10 270.27 278.56 286.99 295.57 304.29 313.15 322.16 331.32 340.63 350.09 249.72 250.83 259.68 268.52 277.41 286.38 295.47 304.67 314.00 323.46 333.06 342.80 352.68 362.70 372.87 383.18 0.9321 0.9362 0.9680 0.9987 1.0285 1.0576 1.0862 1.1142 1.1418 1.1690 1.1958 1.2222 1.2483 1.2742 1.2997 1.3250 v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.10 MPa (Tsat 26.37 °C) 0.19254 0.19841 0.20743 0.21630 0.22506 0.23373 0.24233 0.25088 0.25937 0.26783 0.27626 0.28465 0.29303 0.30138 215.19 219.66 226.75 233.95 241.30 248.79 256.44 264.25 272.22 280.35 288.64 297.08 305.69 314.46 234.44 239.50 247.49 255.58 263.81 272.17 280.68 289.34 298.16 307.13 316.26 325.55 334.99 344.60 0.9518 0.9721 1.0030 1.0332 1.0628 1.0918 1.1203 1.1484 1.1762 1.2035 1.2305 1.2572 1.2836 1.3096 P 0.20 MPa (Tsat 10.09 °C) 0.09987 0.09991 0.10481 0.10955 0.11418 0.11874 0.12322 0.12766 0.13206 0.13641 0.14074 0.14504 0.14933 224.48 224.55 232.09 239.67 247.35 255.14 263.08 271.15 279.37 287.73 296.25 304.92 313.74 244.46 244.54 253.05 261.58 270.18 278.89 287.72 296.68 305.78 315.01 324.40 333.93 343.60 0.9377 0.9380 0.9698 1.0004 1.0303 1.0595 1.0882 1.1163 1.1441 1.1714 1.1983 1.2249 1.2512 P 0.32 MPa (Tsat 2.46 °C) v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.14 MPa (Tsat 18.77 °C) 0.14014 219.54 239.16 0.9446 0.14605 0.15263 0.15908 0.16544 0.17172 0.17794 0.18412 0.19025 0.19635 0.20242 0.20847 0.21449 225.91 233.23 240.66 248.22 255.93 263.79 271.79 279.96 288.28 296.75 305.38 314.17 246.36 254.60 262.93 271.38 279.97 288.70 297.57 306.59 315.77 325.09 334.57 344.20 0.9724 1.0031 1.0331 1.0624 1.0912 1.1195 1.1474 1.1749 1.2020 1.2288 1.2553 1.2814 P 0.24 MPa (Tsat 5.38 °C) 0.08390 227.14 247.28 0.9346 0.08617 0.09026 0.09423 0.09812 0.10193 0.10570 0.10942 0.11310 0.11675 0.12038 0.12398 231.29 238.98 246.74 254.61 262.59 270.71 278.97 287.36 295.91 304.60 313.44 251.97 260.65 269.36 278.16 287.06 296.08 305.23 314.51 323.93 333.49 343.20 0.9519 0.9831 1.0134 1.0429 1.0718 1.1001 1.1280 1.1554 1.1825 1.2092 1.2356 P 0.40 MPa (Tsat 8.91 °C) 0.06360 231.52 251.88 0.9301 0.051201 235.07 255.55 0.9269 0.06609 0.06925 0.07231 0.07530 0.07823 0.08111 0.08395 0.08675 0.08953 0.09229 0.09503 0.09775 0.10045 0.10314 237.54 245.50 253.50 261.60 269.82 278.15 286.62 295.22 303.97 312.86 321.89 331.07 340.39 349.86 258.69 267.66 276.65 285.70 294.85 304.11 313.48 322.98 332.62 342.39 352.30 362.35 372.54 382.87 0.9544 0.9856 1.0157 1.0451 1.0739 1.1021 1.1298 1.1571 1.1840 1.2105 1.2367 1.2626 1.2882 1.3135 0.051506 0.054213 0.056796 0.059292 0.061724 0.064104 0.066443 0.068747 0.071023 0.073274 0.075504 0.077717 0.079913 0.082096 235.97 244.18 252.36 260.58 268.90 277.32 285.86 294.53 303.32 312.26 321.33 330.55 339.90 349.41 256.58 265.86 275.07 284.30 293.59 302.96 312.44 322.02 331.73 341.57 351.53 361.63 371.87 382.24 0.9305 0.9628 0.9937 1.0236 1.0528 1.0814 1.1094 1.1369 1.1640 1.1907 1.2171 1.2431 1.2688 1.2942 7/12/11 14:26:03 930 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-13 Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado (conclusión) T °C v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.50 MPa (Tsat 15.71 °C) Sat. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 0.041118 0.042115 0.044338 0.046456 0.048499 0.050485 0.052427 0.054331 0.056205 0.058053 0.059880 0.061687 0.063479 0.065256 0.067021 0.068775 238.75 242.40 250.84 259.26 267.72 276.25 284.89 293.64 302.51 311.50 320.63 329.89 339.29 348.83 358.51 368.33 259.30 263.46 273.01 282.48 291.96 301.50 311.10 320.80 330.61 340.53 350.57 360.73 371.03 381.46 392.02 402.72 0.9240 0.9383 0.9703 1.0011 1.0309 1.0599 1.0883 1.1162 1.1436 1.1705 1.1971 1.2233 1.2491 1.2747 1.2999 1.3249 P 0.80 MPa (Tsat 31.31 °C) Sat. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 0.025621 0.027035 0.028547 0.029973 0.031340 0.032659 0.033941 0.035193 0.036420 0.037625 0.038813 0.039985 0.041143 0.042290 0.043427 0.044554 246.79 254.82 263.86 272.83 281.81 290.84 299.95 309.15 318.45 327.87 337.40 347.06 356.85 366.76 376.81 386.99 267.29 276.45 286.69 296.81 306.88 316.97 327.10 337.30 347.59 357.97 368.45 379.05 389.76 400.59 411.55 422.64 0.9183 0.9480 0.9802 1.0110 1.0408 1.0698 1.0981 1.1258 1.1530 1.1798 1.2061 1.2321 1.2577 1.2830 1.3080 1.3327 P 1.20 MPa (Tsat 46.29 °C) Sat. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 0.016715 0.017201 0.018404 0.019502 0.020529 0.021506 0.022442 0.023348 0.024228 0.025086 0.025927 0.026753 0.027566 0.028367 0.029158 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 930 253.81 257.63 267.56 277.21 286.75 296.26 305.80 315.38 325.03 334.77 344.61 354.56 364.61 374.78 385.08 273.87 278.27 289.64 300.61 311.39 322.07 332.73 343.40 354.11 364.88 375.72 386.66 397.69 408.82 420.07 0.9130 0.9267 0.9614 0.9938 1.0248 1.0546 1.0836 1.1118 1.1394 1.1664 1.1930 1.2192 1.2449 1.2703 1.2954 v m3/kg u kJ/kg h kJ/kg s kJ/kg K P 0.60 MPa (Tsat 21.55 °C) v m3/kg u kJ/kg h s kJ/kg kJ/kg K P 0.70 MPa (Tsat 26.69 °C) 0.034295 241.83 262.40 0.9218 0.029361 244.48 265.03 0.9199 0.035984 0.037865 0.039659 0.041389 0.043069 0.044710 0.046318 0.047900 0.049458 0.050997 0.052519 0.054027 0.055522 0.057006 249.22 257.86 266.48 275.15 283.89 292.73 301.67 310.73 319.91 329.23 338.67 348.25 357.96 367.81 270.81 280.58 290.28 299.98 309.73 319.55 329.46 339.47 349.59 359.82 370.18 380.66 391.27 402.01 0.9499 0.9816 1.0121 1.0417 1.0705 1.0987 1.1264 1.1536 1.1803 1.2067 1.2327 1.2584 1.2838 1.3088 0.029966 0.031696 0.033322 0.034875 0.036373 0.037829 0.039250 0.040642 0.042010 0.043358 0.044688 0.046004 0.047306 0.048597 247.48 256.39 265.20 274.01 282.87 291.80 300.82 309.95 319.19 328.55 338.04 347.66 357.41 367.29 268.45 278.57 288.53 298.42 308.33 318.28 328.29 338.40 348.60 358.90 369.32 379.86 390.52 401.31 0.9313 0.9641 0.9954 1.0256 1.0549 1.0835 1.1114 1.1389 1.1658 1.1924 1.2186 1.2444 1.2699 1.2951 P 0.90 MPa (Tsat 35.51 °C) 0.022683 0.023375 0.024809 0.026146 0.027413 0.028630 0.029806 0.030951 0.032068 0.033164 0.034241 0.035302 0.036349 0.037384 0.038408 0.039423 248.85 253.13 262.44 271.60 280.72 289.86 299.06 308.34 317.70 327.18 336.76 346.46 356.28 366.23 376.31 386.52 269.26 274.17 284.77 295.13 305.39 315.63 325.89 336.19 346.56 357.02 367.58 378.23 389.00 399.88 410.88 422.00 0.9169 0.9327 0.9660 0.9976 1.0280 1.0574 1.0860 1.1140 1.1414 1.1684 1.1949 1.2210 1.2467 1.2721 1.2972 1.3221 P 1.40 MPa (Tsat 52.40 °C) P 1.00 MPa (Tsat 39.37 °C) 0.020313 0.020406 0.021796 0.023068 0.024261 0.025398 0.026492 0.027552 0.028584 0.029592 0.030581 0.031554 0.032512 0.033457 0.034392 0.035317 250.68 251.30 260.94 270.32 279.59 288.86 298.15 307.51 316.94 326.47 336.11 345.85 355.71 365.70 375.81 386.04 270.99 271.71 282.74 293.38 303.85 314.25 324.64 335.06 345.53 356.06 366.69 377.40 388.22 399.15 410.20 421.36 0.9156 0.9179 0.9525 0.9850 1.0160 1.0458 1.0748 1.1031 1.1308 1.1580 1.1846 1.2109 1.2368 1.2623 1.2875 1.3124 P 1.60 MPa (Tsat 57.88 °C) 0.014107 256.37 276.12 0.9105 0.012123 258.47 277.86 0.9078 0.015005 0.016060 0.017023 0.017923 0.018778 0.019597 0.020388 0.021155 0.021904 0.022636 0.023355 0.024061 0.024757 264.46 274.62 284.51 294.28 304.01 313.76 323.55 333.41 343.34 353.37 363.51 373.75 384.10 285.47 297.10 308.34 319.37 330.30 341.19 352.09 363.02 374.01 385.07 396.20 407.43 418.76 0.9389 0.9733 1.0056 1.0364 1.0661 1.0949 1.1230 1.1504 1.1773 1.2038 1.2298 1.2554 1.2807 0.012372 0.013430 0.014362 0.015215 0.016014 0.016773 0.017500 0.018201 0.018882 0.019545 0.020194 0.020830 0.021456 260.89 271.76 282.09 292.17 302.14 312.07 322.02 332.00 342.05 352.17 362.38 372.69 383.11 280.69 293.25 305.07 316.52 327.76 338.91 350.02 361.12 372.26 383.44 394.69 406.02 417.44 0.9163 0.9535 0.9875 1.0194 1.0500 1.0795 1.1081 1.1360 1.1632 1.1900 1.2163 1.2421 1.2676 7/12/11 14:26:03 934 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES SI) TABLA A-17 Propiedades de gas ideal del aire T K h kJ/kg Pr u kJ/kg vr s° kJ/kg · K T K h kJ/kg Pr u kJ/kg vr s° kJ/kg · K 200 210 220 230 240 199.97 209.97 219.97 230.02 240.02 0.3363 0.3987 0.4690 0.5477 0.6355 142.56 149.69 156.82 164.00 171.13 1707.0 1512.0 1346.0 1205.0 1084.0 1.29559 1.34444 1.39105 1.43557 1.47824 580 590 600 610 620 586.04 596.52 607.02 617.53 628.07 14.38 15.31 16.28 17.30 18.36 419.55 427.15 434.78 442.42 450.09 115.7 110.6 105.8 101.2 96.92 2.37348 2.39140 2.40902 2.42644 2.44356 250 260 270 280 285 250.05 260.09 270.11 280.13 285.14 0.7329 0.8405 0.9590 1.0889 1.1584 178.28 185.45 192.60 199.75 203.33 979.0 887.8 808.0 738.0 706.1 1.51917 1.55848 1.59634 1.63279 1.65055 630 640 650 660 670 638.63 649.22 659.84 670.47 681.14 19.84 20.64 21.86 23.13 24.46 457.78 465.50 473.25 481.01 488.81 92.84 88.99 85.34 81.89 78.61 2.46048 2.47716 2.49364 2.50985 2.52589 290 295 298 300 305 290.16 295.17 298.18 300.19 305.22 1.2311 1.3068 1.3543 1.3860 1.4686 206.91 210.49 212.64 214.07 217.67 676.1 647.9 631.9 621.2 596.0 1.66802 1.68515 1.69528 1.70203 1.71865 680 690 700 710 720 691.82 702.52 713.27 724.04 734.82 25.85 27.29 28.80 30.38 32.02 496.62 504.45 512.33 520.23 528.14 75.50 72.56 69.76 67.07 64.53 2.54175 2.55731 2.57277 2.58810 2.60319 310 315 320 325 330 310.24 315.27 320.29 325.31 330.34 1.5546 1.6442 1.7375 1.8345 1.9352 221.25 224.85 228.42 232.02 235.61 572.3 549.8 528.6 508.4 489.4 1.73498 1.75106 1.76690 1.78249 1.79783 730 740 750 760 780 745.62 756.44 767.29 778.18 800.03 33.72 35.50 37.35 39.27 43.35 536.07 544.02 551.99 560.01 576.12 62.13 59.82 57.63 55.54 51.64 2.61803 2.63280 2.64737 2.66176 2.69013 340 350 360 370 380 340.42 350.49 360.58 370.67 380.77 2.149 2.379 2.626 2.892 3.176 242.82 250.02 257.24 264.46 271.69 454.1 422.2 393.4 367.2 343.4 1.82790 1.85708 1.88543 1.91313 1.94001 800 820 840 860 880 821.95 843.98 866.08 888.27 910.56 47.75 52.59 57.60 63.09 68.98 592.30 608.59 624.95 641.40 657.95 48.08 44.84 41.85 39.12 36.61 2.71787 2.74504 2.77170 2.79783 2.82344 390 400 410 420 430 390.88 400.98 411.12 421.26 431.43 3.481 3.806 4.153 4.522 4.915 278.93 286.16 293.43 300.69 307.99 321.5 301.6 283.3 266.6 251.1 1.96633 1.99194 2.01699 2.04142 2.06533 900 920 940 960 980 932.93 955.38 977.92 1000.55 1023.25 75.29 82.05 89.28 97.00 105.2 674.58 691.28 708.08 725.02 741.98 34.31 32.18 30.22 28.40 26.73 2.84856 2.87324 2.89748 2.92128 2.94468 440 450 460 470 480 441.61 451.80 462.02 472.24 482.49 5.332 5.775 6.245 6.742 7.268 315.30 322.62 329.97 337.32 344.70 236.8 223.6 211.4 200.1 189.5 2.08870 2.11161 2.13407 2.15604 2.17760 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1046.04 1068.89 1091.85 1114.86 1137.89 114.0 123.4 133.3 143.9 155.2 758.94 776.10 793.36 810.62 827.88 25.17 23.72 23.29 21.14 19.98 2.96770 2.99034 3.01260 3.03449 3.05608 490 500 510 520 530 492.74 503.02 513.32 523.63 533.98 7.824 8.411 9.031 9.684 10.37 352.08 359.49 366.92 374.36 381.84 179.7 170.6 162.1 154.1 146.7 2.19876 2.21952 2.23993 2.25997 2.27967 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1161.07 1184.28 1207.57 1230.92 1254.34 167.1 179.7 193.1 207.2 222.2 845.33 862.79 880.35 897.91 915.57 18.896 17.886 16.946 16.064 15.241 3.07732 3.09825 3.11883 3.13916 3.15916 540 550 560 570 544.35 555.74 565.17 575.59 11.10 11.86 12.66 13.50 389.34 396.86 404.42 411.97 139.7 133.1 127.0 121.2 2.29906 2.31809 2.33685 2.35531 1200 1220 1240 1277.79 1301.31 1324.93 238.0 254.7 272.3 933.33 951.09 968.95 14.470 13.747 13.069 3.17888 3.19834 3.21751 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 934 7/12/11 14:26:04 935 APÉNDICE 1 TABLA A-17 Propiedades de gas ideal del aire (conclusión) T K h kJ/kg Pr u kJ/kg vr s° kJ/kg · K T K h kJ/kg 1260 1280 1348.55 1372.24 290.8 310.4 986.90 1004.76 12.435 3.23638 11.835 3.25510 1600 1757.57 1620 1782.00 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1395.97 1419.76 1443.60 1467.49 1491.44 330.9 352.5 375.3 399.1 424.2 1022.82 1040.88 1058.94 1077.10 1095.26 11.275 10.747 10.247 9.780 9.337 3.27345 3.29160 3.30959 3.32724 3.34474 1640 1660 1680 1700 1750 1806.46 878.9 1830.96 925.6 1855.50 974.2 1880.1 1025 1941.6 1161 1335.72 1354.48 1373.24 1392.7 1439.8 5.355 5.147 4.949 4.761 4.328 3.55381 3.56867 3.58335 3.5979 3.6336 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1515.42 1539.44 1563.51 1587.63 1611.79 450.5 478.0 506.9 537.1 568.8 1113.52 1131.77 1150.13 1168.49 1186.95 8.919 8.526 8.153 7.801 7.468 3.36200 3.37901 3.39586 3.41247 3.42892 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2003.3 2065.3 2127.4 2189.7 2252.1 1310 1475 1655 1852 2068 1487.2 1534.9 1582.6 1630.6 1678.7 3.994 3.601 3.295 3.022 2.776 3.6684 3.7023 3.7354 3.7677 3.7994 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1635.97 1660.23 1684.51 1708.82 1733.17 601.9 636.5 672.8 710.5 750.0 1205.41 1223.87 1242.43 1260.99 1279.65 7.152 6.854 6.569 6.301 6.046 3.44516 3.46120 3.47712 3.49276 3.50829 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2314.6 2377.7 2440.3 2503.2 2566.4 2303 2559 2837 3138 3464 1726.8 1775.3 1823.8 1872.4 1921.3 2.555 2.356 2.175 2.012 1.864 3.8303 3.8605 3.8901 3.9191 3.9474 Pr u kJ/kg vr 791.2 1298.30 5.804 834.1 1316.96 5.574 s° kJ/kg · K 3.52364 3.53879 Nota: Las propiedades Pr (presión relativa) y vr (volumen específico relativo) son cantidades adimensionales utilizadas en el análisis de procesos isentrópicos y no deben confundirse con las propiedades de presión y volumen específico. Fuente: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, cuarta edición, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1983, pp. 785-786, Tabla A-5. Publicada originalmente en J. H. Keenan y J. Kaye, Gas Tables, Nueva York, John Wiley & Sons, 1948. 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 935 7/12/11 14:26:04 963 APÉNDICE 2 TABLA A-3E Propiedades de líquidos, sólidos y alimentos comunes (continuación) b) Sólidos (los valores son para temperatura ambiente, excepto que se indique otra cosa) Densidad, r lbm/ft3 Sustancia Calor específico, cp Btu/lbm · R Metales Densidad, r lbm/ft3 Sustancia Calor específico, cp Btu/lbm · R No metales Acero dulce Aluminio 100°F 32°F 100°F 200°F 300°F 400°F 500°F Bronce (76% Cu, 2% Zn, 2% Al) Cobre 60°F 0°F 100°F 200°F 390°F Hierro Latón amarillo (65% Cu, 35% Zn) Magnesio Níquel Plata Plomo Tungsteno 489 0.119 Asfalto Arcilla Arena Caucho (blando) Caucho (duro) Concreto Diamante Grafito Granito Hielo 50°F 0°F 20°F 32°F Ladrillo común Ladrillo refractario (500 °C) Madera contrachapada (abeto Douglas) Maderas duras (maple, encino, etc.) Maderas suaves (abeto, pino, etc.) Mármol Piedra Piedra caliza Vidrio para ventanas Vidrio pirex Yeso o tabla de yeso 0.192 0.212 0.218 0.224 0.229 0.235 0.240 0.0955 170 517 0.0862 0.0893 0.0925 0.0938 0.0963 0.107 0.0955 555 490 519 108 555 655 705 1211 0.239 0.105 0.056 0.030 0.031 132 62.4 94.9 68.7 71.8 144 151 156 169 0.220 0.220 0.156 0.147 0.170 0.243 0.424 0.471 0.491 0.502 0.189 0.229 57.5 120 144 34.0 45.0 32.0 162 93.6 103 169 139 50 0.210 0.217 0.191 0.200 0.260 c) Alimentos Calor específico, Btu/lbm · R Alimentos Brócoli Camarón Carne de pollo Carne de res Cerezas Espinaca Fresas Helado Huevo entero Leche entera Lechuga Contenido de agua, % (masa) 90 83 74 67 80 93 90 63 74 88 95 Punto de congelación, °F 31 28 27 — 29 31 31 22 31 31 32 Calor Por encima Por debajo latente del punto de del punto de de fusión congelación congelación Btu/lbm 0.921 0.865 0.793 0.737 0.841 0.945 0.921 0.705 0.793 0.905 0.961 0.471 0.450 0.423 0.402 0.441 0.481 0.471 0.390 0.423 0.465 0.487 129 119 106 96 115 134 129 90 106 126 136 Calor específico, Btu/lbm · R Alimentos Contenido de agua % (masa) Mantequilla Manzanas Maíz dulce Naranjas Papas Pavo Plátanos Queso suizo Salmón Sandía Tomates (maduros) 16 84 74 87 78 64 75 39 64 93 94 Calor Punto de Por encima Por debajo latente congela-, del punto de del punto de de fusión ción °F congelación congelación Btu/lbm — 30 31 31 31 — 31 14 28 31 31 — 0.873 0.793 0.897 0.825 0.713 0.801 0.513 0.713 0.945 0.953 0.249 0.453 0.423 0.462 0.435 0.393 0.426 0.318 0.393 0.481 0.484 23 121 106 125 112 92 108 56 92 134 135 Fuente: Los valores han sido obtenidos de varios manuales y otras fuentes, o se han calculado. El contenido de agua y los datos de punto de congelación para alimentos provienen del ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, versión I-P, Atlanta, Georgia, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993, Capítulo 30, Tabla 1. El punto de congelación es la temperatura a la que comienza la congelación para frutas y verduras, así como la temperatura promedio de congelación para otros alimentos. 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 963 7/12/11 14:26:51 964 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) TABLA A-4E Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas Volumen específico, ft3/lbm Pres. sat., Psat psia Temp., T °F Líq. sat., vf Vapor sat., vg 3299.9 2945.7 2443.6 2035.8 1703.1 Energía interna, Btu/lbm Líq. sat., uf Entalpía, Btu/lbm Evap., ufg Vapor sat., ug 0.000 3.004 8.032 13.05 18.07 1021.0 1019.0 1015.6 1012.2 1008.9 1021.0 1022.0 1023.7 1025.3 1026.9 Líq. sat., hf Entropía, Btu/lbm · R Evap., hfg Vapor sat., hg Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 0.000 3.004 8.032 13.05 18.07 1075.2 1073.5 1070.7 1067.8 1065.0 1075.2 1076.5 1078.7 1080.9 1083.1 0.00000 0.00609 0.01620 0.02620 0.03609 2.18672 2.17011 2.14271 2.11587 2.08956 2.1867 2.1762 2.1589 2.1421 2.1256 32.018 35 40 45 50 0.08871 0.09998 0.12173 0.14756 0.17812 0.01602 0.01602 0.01602 0.01602 0.01602 55 60 65 70 75 0.21413 0.25638 0.30578 0.36334 0.43016 0.01603 1430.4 0.01604 1206.1 0.01604 1020.8 0.01605 867.18 0.01606 739.27 23.07 28.08 33.08 38.08 43.07 1005.5 1002.1 998.76 995.39 992.02 1028.6 1030.2 1031.8 1033.5 1035.1 23.07 28.08 33.08 38.08 43.07 1062.2 1059.4 1056.5 1053.7 1050.9 1085.3 1087.4 1089.6 1091.8 1093.9 0.04586 0.05554 0.06511 0.07459 0.08398 2.06377 2.03847 2.01366 1.98931 1.96541 2.1096 2.0940 2.0788 2.0639 2.0494 80 85 90 95 100 0.50745 0.59659 0.69904 0.81643 0.95052 0.01607 0.01609 0.01610 0.01612 0.01613 632.41 542.80 467.40 403.74 349.83 48.06 53.06 58.05 63.04 68.03 988.65 985.28 981.90 978.52 975.14 1036.7 1038.3 1040.0 1041.6 1043.2 48.07 53.06 58.05 63.04 68.03 1048.0 1045.2 1042.4 1039.5 1036.7 1096.1 1098.3 1100.4 1102.6 1104.7 0.09328 0.10248 0.11161 0.12065 0.12961 1.94196 1.91892 1.89630 1.87408 1.85225 2.0352 2.0214 2.0079 1.9947 1.9819 110 120 130 140 150 1.2767 1.6951 2.2260 2.8931 3.7234 0.01617 0.01620 0.01625 0.01629 0.01634 264.96 202.94 157.09 122.81 96.929 78.01 88.00 97.99 107.98 117.98 968.36 961.56 954.73 947.87 940.98 1046.4 1049.6 1052.7 1055.9 1059.0 78.02 88.00 97.99 107.99 117.99 1031.0 1025.2 1019.4 1013.6 1007.8 1109.0 1113.2 1117.4 1121.6 1125.7 0.14728 0.16466 0.18174 0.19855 0.21508 1.80970 1.76856 1.72877 1.69024 1.65291 1.9570 1.9332 1.9105 1.8888 1.8680 160 170 180 190 200 4.7474 5.9999 7.5197 9.3497 11.538 0.01639 0.01645 0.01651 0.01657 0.01663 77.185 61.982 50.172 40.920 33.613 127.98 138.00 148.02 158.05 168.10 934.05 927.08 920.06 912.99 905.87 1062.0 1065.1 1068.1 1071.0 1074.0 128.00 138.02 148.04 158.08 168.13 1001.8 995.88 989.85 983.76 977.60 1129.8 1133.9 1137.9 1141.8 1145.7 0.23136 0.24739 0.26318 0.27874 0.29409 1.61670 1.58155 1.54741 1.51421 1.48191 1.8481 1.8289 1.8106 1.7930 1.7760 210 212 220 230 240 14.136 14.709 17.201 20.795 24.985 0.01670 0.01671 0.01677 0.01684 0.01692 27.798 26.782 23.136 19.374 16.316 178.15 180.16 188.22 198.31 208.41 898.68 897.24 891.43 884.10 876.70 1076.8 1077.4 1079.6 1082.4 1085.1 178.20 180.21 188.28 198.37 208.49 971.35 970.09 965.02 958.59 952.06 1149.5 1150.3 1153.3 1157.0 1160.5 0.30922 0.31222 0.32414 0.33887 0.35342 1.45046 1.44427 1.41980 1.38989 1.36069 1.7597 1.7565 1.7439 1.7288 1.7141 250 260 270 280 290 29.844 35.447 41.877 49.222 57.573 0.01700 0.01708 0.01717 0.01726 0.01735 13.816 11.760 10.059 8.6439 7.4607 218.54 228.68 238.85 249.04 259.26 869.21 861.62 853.94 846.16 838.27 1087.7 1090.3 1092.8 1095.2 1097.5 218.63 228.79 238.98 249.20 259.45 945.41 938.65 931.76 924.74 917.57 1164.0 1167.4 1170.7 1173.9 1177.0 0.36779 0.38198 0.39601 0.40989 0.42361 1.33216 1.30425 1.27694 1.25018 1.22393 1.6999 1.6862 1.6730 1.6601 1.6475 300 310 320 330 340 67.028 77.691 89.667 103.07 118.02 0.01745 0.01755 0.01765 0.01776 0.01787 6.4663 5.6266 4.9144 4.3076 3.7885 269.51 279.79 290.11 300.46 310.85 830.25 822.11 813.84 805.43 796.87 1099.8 1101.9 1104.0 1105.9 1107.7 269.73 280.05 290.40 300.80 311.24 910.24 902.75 895.09 887.25 879.22 1180.0 1182.8 1185.5 1188.1 1190.5 0.43720 0.45065 0.46396 0.47716 0.49024 1.19818 1.17289 1.14802 1.12355 1.09945 1.6354 1.6235 1.6120 1.6007 1.5897 350 360 370 380 390 134.63 153.03 173.36 195.74 220.33 0.01799 0.01811 0.01823 0.01836 0.01850 3.3425 2.9580 2.6252 2.3361 2.0842 321.29 331.76 342.29 352.87 363.50 788.16 779.28 770.23 761.00 751.58 1109.4 1111.0 1112.5 1113.9 1115.1 321.73 332.28 342.88 353.53 364.25 870.98 862.53 853.86 844.96 835.81 1192.7 1194.8 1196.7 1198.5 1200.1 0.50321 0.51607 0.52884 0.54152 0.55411 1.07570 1.05227 1.02914 1.00628 0.98366 1.5789 1.5683 1.5580 1.5478 1.5378 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 964 7/12/11 14:26:52 965 APÉNDICE 2 TABLA A-4E Agua saturada. Tabla de temperaturas (conclusión) Volumen específico, ft3/lbm Temp., T °F Pres. sat., Psat psia Energía interna, Btu/lbm Entalpía, Btu/lbm Entropía, Btu/lbm · R Líq. sat., vf Vapor sat., vg Líq. sat., uf Evap., ufg Vapor sat., ug Líq. sat., hf Evap., hfg Vapor sat., hg Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 400 410 420 430 440 247.26 276.69 308.76 343.64 381.49 0.01864 0.01878 0.01894 0.01910 0.01926 1.8639 1.6706 1.5006 1.3505 1.2178 374.19 384.94 395.76 406.65 417.61 741.97 732.14 722.08 711.80 701.26 1116.2 1117.1 1117.8 1118.4 1118.9 375.04 385.90 396.84 407.86 418.97 826.39 816.71 806.74 796.46 785.87 1201.4 1202.6 1203.6 1204.3 1204.8 0.56663 0.57907 0.59145 0.60377 0.61603 0.96127 0.93908 0.91707 0.89522 0.87349 1.5279 1.5182 1.5085 1.4990 1.4895 450 460 470 480 490 422.47 466.75 514.52 565.96 621.24 0.01944 0.01962 0.01981 0.02001 0.02022 1.0999 0.99510 0.90158 0.81794 0.74296 428.66 439.79 451.01 462.34 473.77 690.47 679.39 668.02 656.34 644.32 1119.1 1119.2 1119.0 1118.7 1118.1 430.18 441.48 452.90 464.43 476.09 774.94 763.65 751.98 739.91 727.40 1205.1 1205.1 1204.9 1204.3 1203.5 0.62826 0.64044 0.65260 0.66474 0.67686 0.85187 0.83033 0.80885 0.78739 0.76594 1.4801 1.4708 1.4615 1.4521 1.4428 500 510 520 530 540 680.56 744.11 812.11 884.74 962.24 0.02044 0.02067 0.02092 0.02118 0.02146 0.67558 0.61489 0.56009 0.51051 0.46553 485.32 496.99 508.80 520.76 532.88 631.94 619.17 605.99 592.35 578.23 1117.3 1116.2 1114.8 1113.1 1111.1 487.89 499.84 511.94 524.23 536.70 714.44 700.99 687.01 672.47 657.31 1202.3 1200.8 1199.0 1196.7 1194.0 0.68899 0.70112 0.71327 0.72546 0.73770 0.74445 0.72290 0.70126 0.67947 0.65751 1.4334 1.4240 1.4145 1.4049 1.3952 550 560 570 580 590 1044.8 1132.7 1226.2 1325.5 1430.8 0.02176 0.02207 0.02242 0.02279 0.02319 0.42465 0.38740 0.35339 0.32225 0.29367 545.18 557.68 570.40 583.37 596.61 563.58 548.33 532.45 515.84 498.43 1108.8 1106.0 1102.8 1099.2 1095.0 549.39 562.31 575.49 588.95 602.75 641.47 624.91 607.55 589.29 570.04 1190.9 1187.2 1183.0 1178.2 1172.8 0.75000 0.76238 0.77486 0.78748 0.80026 0.63532 0.61284 0.59003 0.56679 0.54306 1.3853 1.3752 1.3649 1.3543 1.3433 600 610 620 630 640 1542.5 1660.9 1786.2 1918.9 2059.3 0.02362 0.02411 0.02464 0.02524 0.02593 0.26737 0.24309 0.22061 0.19972 0.18019 610.18 624.11 638.47 653.35 668.86 480.10 460.73 440.14 418.12 394.36 1090.3 1084.8 1078.6 1071.5 1063.2 616.92 631.52 646.62 662.32 678.74 549.67 528.03 504.92 480.07 453.14 1166.6 1159.5 1151.5 1142.4 1131.9 0.81323 0.82645 0.83998 0.85389 0.86828 0.51871 0.49363 0.46765 0.44056 0.41206 1.3319 1.3201 1.3076 1.2944 1.2803 650 660 670 680 690 2207.8 2364.9 2531.2 2707.3 2894.1 0.02673 0.02767 0.02884 0.03035 0.03255 0.16184 0.14444 0.12774 0.11134 0.09451 685.16 702.48 721.23 742.11 766.81 368.44 339.74 307.22 269.00 220.77 1053.6 1042.2 1028.5 1011.1 987.6 696.08 714.59 734.74 757.32 784.24 423.65 390.84 353.54 309.57 253.96 1119.7 1105.4 1088.3 1066.9 1038.2 0.88332 0.89922 0.91636 0.93541 0.95797 0.38177 0.34906 0.31296 0.27163 0.22089 1.2651 1.2483 1.2293 1.2070 1.1789 700 705.10 3093.0 3200.1 0.03670 0.04975 0.07482 801.75 0.04975 866.61 146.50 0 948.3 866.6 822.76 896.07 168.32 0 991.1 896.1 0.99023 1.05257 0.14514 1.1354 0 1.0526 Fuente: Las tablas A-4E a A-8E fueron generadas utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es la altamente precisa Steam_IAPWS, que incorpora la Formulación 1995 para las Propiedades Termodinámicas de la Sustancia Agua Ordinaria para Uso Científico y General, editada por The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). Esta formulación reemplaza a la de 1984 de Haar, Gallagher y Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), la cual está también disponible en EES como la rutina STEAM. La nueva formulación se basa en las correlaciones de Saul y Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) con modificaciones para ajustarla a la Escala Internacional de Temperaturas de 1990. Las modificaciones están descritas por Wagner y Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993). Las propiedades del hielo están basadas en Hyland y Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K a 473.15 K”, ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983. 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 965 7/12/11 14:26:52 966 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) TABLA A-5E Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones Volumen específico, ft3/lbm Energía interna, Btu/lbm Entalpía, Btu/lbm Entropía, Btu/lbm · R Temp. sat., Tsat °F Líq. sat., vf Vapor sat., vg Líq. sat., uf Evap., ufg Vapor sat., ug Líq. sat., hf Evap., hfg Vapor sat., hg Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 101.69 126.02 141.41 152.91 162.18 0.01614 0.01623 0.01630 0.01636 0.01641 333.49 173.71 118.70 90.629 73.525 69.72 94.02 109.39 120.89 130.17 973.99 957.45 946.90 938.97 932.53 1043.7 1051.5 1056.3 1059.9 1062.7 69.72 94.02 109.40 120.90 130.18 1035.7 1021.7 1012.8 1006.0 1000.5 1105.4 1115.8 1122.2 1126.9 1130.7 0.13262 0.17499 0.20090 0.21985 0.23488 1.84495 1.74444 1.68489 1.64225 1.60894 1.9776 1.9194 1.8858 1.8621 1.8438 6 8 10 14.696 15 170.00 182.81 193.16 211.95 212.99 0.01645 0.01652 0.01659 0.01671 0.01672 61.982 47.347 38.425 26.805 26.297 138.00 150.83 161.22 180.12 181.16 927.08 918.08 910.75 897.27 896.52 1065.1 1068.9 1072.0 1077.4 1077.7 138.02 150.86 161.25 180.16 181.21 995.88 988.15 981.82 970.12 969.47 1133.9 1139.0 1143.1 1150.3 1150.7 0.24739 0.26757 0.28362 0.31215 0.31370 1.58155 1.53800 1.50391 1.44441 1.44441 1.8289 1.8056 1.7875 1.7566 1.7549 20 25 30 35 40 227.92 240.03 250.30 259.25 267.22 0.01683 0.01692 0.01700 0.01708 0.01715 20.093 16.307 13.749 11.901 10.501 196.21 208.45 218.84 227.92 236.02 885.63 876.67 868.98 862.19 856.09 1081.8 1085.1 1087.8 1090.1 1092.1 196.27 208.52 218.93 228.03 236.14 959.93 952.03 945.21 939.16 933.69 1156.2 1160.6 1164.1 1167.2 1169.8 0.33582 0.35347 0.36821 0.38093 0.39213 1.39606 1.36060 1.33132 1.30632 1.28448 1.7319 1.7141 1.6995 1.6872 1.6766 45 50 55 60 65 274.41 280.99 287.05 292.69 297.95 0.01721 0.01727 0.01732 0.01738 0.01743 9.4028 8.5175 7.7882 7.1766 6.6560 243.34 250.05 256.25 262.01 267.41 850.52 845.39 840.61 836.13 831.90 1093.9 1095.4 1096.9 1098.1 1099.3 243.49 250.21 256.42 262.20 267.62 928.68 924.03 919.70 915.61 911.75 1172.2 1174.2 1176.1 1177.8 1179.4 0.40216 0.41125 0.41958 0.42728 0.43443 1.26506 1.24756 1.23162 1.21697 1.20341 1.6672 1.6588 1.6512 1.6442 1.6378 70 75 80 85 90 302.91 307.59 312.02 316.24 320.26 0.01748 0.01752 0.01757 0.01761 0.01765 6.2075 5.8167 5.4733 5.1689 4.8972 272.50 277.31 281.87 286.22 290.38 827.90 824.09 820.45 816.97 813.62 1100.4 1101.4 1102.3 1103.2 1104.0 272.72 277.55 282.13 286.50 290.67 908.08 904.58 901.22 898.00 894.89 1180.8 1182.1 1183.4 1184.5 1185.6 0.44112 0.44741 0.45335 0.45897 0.46431 1.19078 1.17895 1.16783 1.15732 1.14737 1.6319 1.6264 1.6212 1.6163 1.6117 95 100 110 120 130 324.11 327.81 334.77 341.25 347.32 0.01770 0.01774 0.01781 0.01789 0.01796 4.6532 4.4327 4.0410 3.7289 3.4557 294.36 298.19 305.41 312.16 318.48 810.40 807.29 801.37 795.79 790.51 1104.8 1105.5 1106.8 1107.9 1109.0 294.67 298.51 305.78 312.55 318.92 891.89 888.99 883.44 878.20 873.21 1186.6 1187.5 1189.2 1190.8 1192.1 0.46941 0.47427 0.48341 0.49187 0.49974 1.13791 1.12888 1.11201 1.09646 1.08204 1.6073 1.6032 1.5954 1.5883 1.5818 140 150 160 170 180 353.03 358.42 363.54 368.41 373.07 0.01802 0.01809 0.01815 0.01821 0.01827 3.2202 3.0150 2.8347 2.6749 2.5322 324.45 330.11 335.49 340.62 345.53 785.49 780.69 776.10 771.68 767.42 1109.9 1110.8 1111.6 1112.3 1113.0 324.92 330.61 336.02 341.19 346.14 868.45 863.88 859.49 855.25 851.16 1193.4 1194.5 1195.5 1196.4 1197.3 0.50711 0.51405 0.52061 0.52682 0.53274 1.06858 1.05595 1.04405 1.03279 1.02210 1.5757 1.5700 1.5647 1.5596 1.5548 190 200 250 300 350 377.52 381.80 400.97 417.35 431.74 0.01833 0.01839 0.01865 0.01890 0.01912 2.4040 2.2882 1.8440 1.5435 1.3263 350.24 354.78 375.23 392.89 408.55 763.31 759.32 741.02 724.77 709.98 1113.6 1114.1 1116.3 1117.7 1118.5 350.89 355.46 376.09 393.94 409.79 847.19 843.33 825.47 809.41 794.65 1198.1 1198.8 1201.6 1203.3 1204.4 0.53839 0.54379 0.56784 0.58818 0.60590 1.01191 1.00219 0.95912 0.92289 0.89143 1.5503 1.5460 1.5270 1.5111 1.4973 400 450 500 550 600 444.62 456.31 467.04 476.97 486.24 0.01934 0.01955 0.01975 0.01995 0.02014 1.1617 1.0324 0.92819 0.84228 0.77020 422.70 435.67 447.68 458.90 469.46 696.31 683.52 671.42 659.91 648.88 1119.0 1119.2 1119.1 1118.8 1118.3 424.13 437.30 449.51 460.93 471.70 780.87 767.86 755.48 743.60 732.15 1205.0 1205.2 1205.0 1204.5 1203.9 0.62168 0.63595 0.64900 0.66107 0.67231 0.86350 0.83828 0.81521 0.79388 0.77400 1.4852 1.4742 1.4642 1.4550 1.4463 Pres., P psia 1 2 3 4 5 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 966 7/12/11 14:26:52 967 APÉNDICE 2 TABLA A-5E Agua saturada. Tabla de presiones (conclusión) Volumen específico, ft3/lbm Pres., P psia Temp. sat., Tsat °F Energía interna, Btu/lbm Líq. sat., vf Vapor sat., vg Líq. sat., uf Evap., ufg Entalpía, Btu/lbm Vapor sat., ug Líq. sat., hf Evap., hfg Entropía, Btu/lbm · R Vapor sat., hg Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 700 800 900 1000 1200 503.13 518.27 532.02 544.65 567.26 0.02051 0.02087 0.02124 0.02159 0.02232 0.65589 0.56920 0.50107 0.44604 0.36241 488.96 506.74 523.19 538.58 566.89 627.98 608.30 589.54 571.49 536.87 1116.9 1115.0 1112.7 1110.1 1103.8 491.62 509.83 526.73 542.57 571.85 710.29 689.48 669.46 650.03 612.39 1201.9 1199.3 1196.2 1192.6 1184.2 0.69279 0.71117 0.72793 0.74341 0.77143 0.73771 0.70502 0.67505 0.64722 0.59632 1.4305 1.4162 1.4030 1.3906 1.3677 1400 1600 1800 2000 2500 587.14 604.93 621.07 635.85 668.17 0.02307 0.02386 0.02470 0.02563 0.02860 0.30161 0.25516 0.21831 0.18815 0.13076 592.79 616.99 640.03 662.33 717.67 503.50 470.69 437.86 404.46 313.53 1096.3 1087.7 1077.9 1066.8 1031.2 598.76 624.06 648.26 671.82 730.90 575.66 539.18 502.35 464.60 360.79 1174.4 1163.2 1150.6 1136.4 1091.7 0.79658 0.81972 0.84144 0.86224 0.91311 0.54991 0.50645 0.46482 0.42409 0.31988 1.3465 1.3262 1.3063 1.2863 1.2330 3000 3200.1 695.41 705.10 0.03433 0.04975 0.08460 0.04975 783.39 866.61 186.41 0 969.8 866.6 802.45 896.07 214.32 1016.8 0 896.1 0.97321 1.05257 0.18554 1.1587 0 1.0526 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 967 7/12/11 14:26:52 968 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) TABLA A-6E Vapor de agua sobrecalentado T °F u Btu/lbm v ft3/lbm h Btu/lbm s Btu/ lbm · R P 1.0 psia (101.69°F)* Sat.† 333.49 200 392.53 240 416.44 280 440.33 320 464.20 360 488.07 400 511.92 440 535.77 500 571.54 600 631.14 700 690.73 800 750.31 1000 869.47 1200 988.62 1400 1107.8 1043.7 1077.5 1091.2 1105.0 1118.9 1132.9 1147.1 1161.3 1182.8 1219.4 1256.8 1295.1 1374.2 1457.1 1543.7 1105.4 1150.1 1168.3 1186.5 1204.8 1223.3 1241.8 1260.4 1288.6 1336.2 1384.6 1433.9 1535.1 1640.0 1748.7 1.9776 2.0509 2.0777 2.1030 2.1271 2.1502 2.1722 2.1934 2.2237 2.2709 2.3146 2.3553 2.4299 2.4972 2.5590 P 15 psia (212.99°F) Sat. 240 280 320 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 26.297 27.429 29.085 30.722 32.348 33.965 35.576 37.986 41.988 45.981 49.967 57.930 65.885 73.836 81.784 1077.7 1087.8 1102.4 1116.9 1131.3 1145.7 1160.1 1181.9 1218.7 1256.3 1294.6 1374.0 1456.9 1543.6 1634.0 1150.7 1163.9 1183.2 1202.2 1221.1 1239.9 1258.8 1287.3 1335.3 1383.9 1433.3 1534.8 1639.8 1748.5 1861.0 7.1766 7.4863 7.9259 8.3548 8.7766 9.4005 10.4256 11.4401 12.4484 14.4543 16.4525 18.4464 20.438 22.428 24.417 1098.1 1109.6 1125.5 1140.9 1156.1 1178.8 1216.5 1254.5 1293.3 1373.0 1456.2 1543.0 1633.5 1727.6 1825.2 1177.8 1192.7 1213.5 1233.7 1253.6 1283.1 1332.2 1381.6 1431.5 1533.5 1638.9 1747.8 1860.5 1976.6 2096.3 P 5.0 psia (162.18°F) 73.525 78.153 83.009 87.838 92.650 97.452 102.25 107.03 114.21 126.15 138.09 150.02 173.86 197.70 221.54 1062.7 1076.2 1090.3 1104.3 1118.4 1132.5 1146.7 1160.9 1182.6 1219.2 1256.7 1294.9 1374.2 1457.0 1543.7 1130.7 1148.5 1167.1 1185.6 1204.1 1222.6 1241.3 1260.0 1288.2 1335.9 1384.4 1433.7 1535.0 1640.0 1748.7 1.8438 1.8716 1.8989 1.9246 1.9490 1.9722 1.9944 2.0156 2.0461 2.0933 2.1371 2.1778 2.2524 2.3198 2.3816 P 20 psia (227.92°F) 1.7549 1.7742 1.8010 1.8260 1.8496 1.8721 1.8936 1.9243 1.9718 2.0156 2.0565 2.1312 2.1986 2.2604 2.3178 P 60 psia (292.69°F) Sat. 320 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 s Btu/ lbm · R u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm v ft3/lbm 20.093 20.478 21.739 22.980 24.209 25.429 26.644 28.458 31.467 34.467 37.461 43.438 49.407 55.373 61.335 1081.8 1086.5 1101.4 1116.1 1130.7 1145.1 1159.7 1181.6 1218.5 1256.1 1294.5 1373.8 1456.8 1543.5 1633.9 1156.2 1162.3 1181.9 1201.2 1220.2 1239.3 1258.3 1286.9 1334.9 1383.7 1433.1 1534.6 1639.7 1748.4 1860.9 1.7319 1.7406 1.7679 1.7933 1.8171 1.8398 1.8614 1.8922 1.9398 1.9837 2.0247 2.0994 2.1668 2.2287 2.2861 P 80 psia (312.02°F) 1.6442 1.6636 1.6897 1.7138 1.7364 1.7682 1.8168 1.8613 1.9026 1.9777 2.0454 2.1073 2.1648 2.2187 2.2694 5.4733 5.5440 5.8876 6.2187 6.5420 7.0177 7.7951 8.5616 9.3218 10.8313 12.3331 13.8306 15.3257 16.8192 18.3117 1102.3 1105.9 1122.7 1138.7 1154.3 1177.3 1215.4 1253.8 1292.6 1372.6 1455.9 1542.8 1633.3 1727.5 1825.0 1183.4 1187.9 1209.9 1230.8 1251.2 1281.2 1330.8 1380.5 1430.6 1532.9 1638.5 1747.5 1860.2 1976.5 2096.1 1.6212 1.6271 1.6545 1.6794 1.7026 1.7350 1.7841 1.8289 1.8704 1.9457 2.0135 2.0755 2.1330 2.1869 2.2376 u Btu/lbm v ft3/lbm s h Btu/ Btu/lbm lbm · R P 10 psia (193.16°F) 38.425 38.849 41.326 43.774 46.205 48.624 51.035 53.441 57.041 63.029 69.007 74.980 86.913 98.840 110.762 1072.0 1074.5 1089.1 1103.4 1117.6 1131.9 1146.2 1160.5 1182.2 1219.0 1256.5 1294.8 1374.1 1457.0 1543.6 1143.1 1146.4 1165.5 1184.4 1203.1 1221.8 1240.6 1259.4 1287.8 1335.6 1384.2 1433.5 1534.9 1639.9 1748.6 1.7875 1.7926 1.8207 1.8469 1.8716 1.8950 1.9174 1.9388 1.9693 2.0167 2.0605 2.1013 2.1760 2.2433 2.3052 P 40 psia (267.22°F) 10.501 1092.1 1169.8 1.6766 10.713 11.363 11.999 12.625 13.244 14.165 15.686 17.197 18.702 21.700 24.691 27.678 30.662 1097.3 1112.9 1128.1 1143.1 1157.9 1180.2 1217.5 1255.3 1293.9 1373.4 1456.5 1543.3 1633.7 1176.6 1197.1 1216.9 1236.5 1256.0 1285.0 1333.6 1382.6 1432.3 1534.1 1639.3 1748.1 1860.7 1.6858 1.7128 1.7376 1.7610 1.7831 1.8143 1.8625 1.9067 1.9478 2.0227 2.0902 2.1522 2.2096 P 100 psia (327.81°F) 4.4327 1105.5 4.6628 4.9359 5.2006 5.5876 6.2167 6.8344 7.4457 8.6575 9.8615 11.0612 12.2584 13.4541 14.6487 1119.8 1136.4 1152.4 1175.9 1214.4 1253.0 1292.0 1372.2 1455.6 1542.6 1633.2 1727.3 1824.9 1187.5 1.6032 1206.1 1227.8 1248.7 1279.3 1329.4 1379.5 1429.8 1532.4 1638.1 1747.2 1860.0 1976.3 2096.0 1.6263 1.6521 1.6759 1.7088 1.7586 1.8037 1.8453 1.9208 1.9887 2.0508 2.1083 2.1622 2.2130 * La temperatura entre paréntesis es la temperatura de saturación a la presión especificada. † Propiedades del vapor saturado a la presión especificada. 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 968 7/12/11 14:26:52 969 APÉNDICE 2 TABLA A-6E Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación) T °F v ft3/lbm s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R P 120 psia (341.25°F) Sat. 360 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 3.7289 3.8446 4.0799 4.3613 4.6340 4.9010 5.1642 5.6829 6.1950 7.2083 8.2137 9.2149 10.2135 11.2106 12.2067 Sat. 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2.5322 2.6490 2.8514 3.0433 3.2286 3.4097 3.7635 4.1104 4.4531 4.7929 5.4674 6.1377 6.8054 7.4716 8.1367 1107.9 1116.7 1134.0 1154.5 1174.4 1193.9 1213.4 1252.2 1291.4 1371.7 1455.3 1542.3 1633.0 1727.2 1824.8 1190.8 1202.1 1224.6 1251.4 1277.3 1302.8 1328.0 1378.4 1429.0 1531.8 1637.7 1746.9 1859.8 1976.1 2095.8 1.5883 1.6023 1.6292 1.6594 1.6872 1.7131 1.7375 1.7829 1.8247 1.9005 1.9684 2.0305 2.0881 2.1420 2.1928 P 180 psia (373.07°F) 1113.0 1126.3 1148.7 1169.8 1190.2 1210.2 1249.8 1289.5 1329.7 1370.5 1454.3 1541.6 1632.4 1726.7 1824.4 1197.3 1214.5 1243.7 1271.2 1297.7 1323.8 1375.2 1426.5 1478.0 1530.1 1636.5 1746.0 1859.1 1975.6 2095.4 1.5548 1.5752 1.6082 1.6376 1.6646 1.6897 1.7361 1.7785 1.8179 1.8549 1.9231 1.9855 2.0432 2.0971 2.1479 P 250 psia (400.97°F) Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 1.8440 2.0027 2.1506 2.2910 2.4264 2.5586 2.6883 2.9429 3.1930 3.4403 3.9295 4.4144 4.8969 5.3777 5.8575 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 969 1116.3 1141.3 1164.1 1185.6 1206.3 1226.8 1247.0 1287.3 1327.9 1369.0 1453.3 1540.8 1631.7 1726.2 1823.9 1201.6 1234.0 1263.6 1291.5 1318.6 1345.1 1371.4 1423.5 1475.6 1528.2 1635.0 1745.0 1858.3 1974.9 2094.9 1.5270 1.5636 1.5953 1.6237 1.6499 1.6743 1.6974 1.7406 1.7804 1.8177 1.8863 1.9488 2.0066 2.0607 2.1116 v ft3/lbm s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R P 140 psia (353.03°F) 3.2202 3.2584 3.4676 3.7147 3.9525 4.1845 4.4124 4.8604 5.3017 6.1732 7.0367 7.8961 8.7529 9.6082 10.4624 1109.9 1113.4 1131.5 1152.6 1172.9 1192.7 1212.3 1251.4 1290.8 1371.3 1455.0 1542.1 1632.8 1727.0 1824.6 1193.4 1197.8 1221.4 1248.9 1275.3 1301.1 1326.6 1377.3 1428.1 1531.3 1637.3 1746.6 1859.5 1975.9 2095.7 1.5757 1.5811 1.6092 1.6403 1.6686 1.6948 1.7195 1.7652 1.8072 1.8832 1.9512 2.0134 2.0711 2.1250 2.1758 P 200 psia (381.80°F) 2.2882 2.3615 2.5488 2.7247 2.8939 3.0586 3.3796 3.6934 4.0031 4.3099 4.9182 5.5222 6.1238 6.7238 7.3227 1114.1 1123.5 1146.7 1168.2 1188.9 1209.1 1249.0 1288.9 1329.2 1370.1 1454.0 1541.4 1632.2 1726.5 1824.3 1198.8 1210.9 1241.0 1269.0 1296.0 1322.3 1374.1 1425.6 1477.3 1529.6 1636.1 1745.7 1858.8 1975.4 2095.3 1.5460 1.5602 1.5943 1.6243 1.6516 1.6771 1.7238 1.7664 1.8059 1.8430 1.9113 1.9737 2.0315 2.0855 2.1363 P 275 psia (409.45°F) 1.6806 1.8034 1.9415 2.0715 2.1964 2.3179 2.4369 2.6699 2.8984 3.1241 3.5700 4.0116 4.4507 4.8882 5.3247 1117.0 1138.5 1162.0 1183.9 1204.9 1225.6 1246.0 1286.5 1327.3 1368.5 1452.9 1540.5 1631.5 1726.0 1823.8 1202.6 1230.3 1260.8 1289.3 1316.7 1343.5 1370.0 1422.4 1474.8 1527.4 1634.5 1744.6 1858.0 1974.7 2094.7 1.5187 1.5499 1.5825 1.6115 1.6380 1.6627 1.6860 1.7294 1.7694 1.8068 1.8755 1.9381 1.9960 2.0501 2.1010 v ft3/lbm u Btu/lbm s h Btu/ Btu/lbm lbm · R P 160 psia (363.54°F) 2.8347 1111.6 1195.5 1.5647 3.0076 3.2293 3.4412 3.6469 3.8484 4.2434 4.6316 5.3968 6.1540 6.9070 7.6574 8.4063 9.1542 1129.0 1150.7 1171.4 1191.4 1211.3 1250.6 1290.2 1370.9 1454.7 1541.8 1632.6 1726.9 1824.5 1218.0 1246.3 1273.2 1299.4 1325.2 1376.3 1427.3 1530.7 1636.9 1746.3 1859.3 1975.7 2095.5 1.5914 1.6234 1.6522 1.6788 1.7037 1.7498 1.7920 1.8682 1.9363 1.9986 2.0563 2.1102 2.1610 P 225 psia (391.80°F) 2.0423 2.0728 2.2457 2.4059 2.5590 2.7075 2.9956 3.2765 3.5530 3.8268 4.3689 4.9068 5.4422 5.9760 6.5087 1115.3 1119.7 1144.1 1166.2 1187.2 1207.7 1248.0 1288.1 1328.5 1369.5 1453.6 1541.1 1632.0 1726.4 1824.1 1200.3 1206.0 1237.6 1266.3 1293.8 1320.5 1372.7 1424.5 1476.5 1528.9 1635.6 1745.4 1858.6 1975.2 2095.1 1.5360 1.5427 1.5783 1.6091 1.6370 1.6628 1.7099 1.7528 1.7925 1.8296 1.8981 1.9606 2.0184 2.0724 2.1232 P 300 psia (417.35°F) 1.5435 1.6369 1.7670 1.8885 2.0046 2.1172 2.2273 2.4424 2.6529 2.8605 3.2704 3.6759 4.0789 4.4803 4.8807 1117.7 1135.6 1159.8 1182.1 1203.5 1224.4 1244.9 1285.7 1326.6 1367.9 1452.5 1540.2 1631.3 1725.8 1823.6 1203.3 1226.4 1257.9 1287.0 1314.8 1341.9 1368.6 1421.3 1473.9 1526.7 1634.0 1744.2 1857.7 1974.5 2094.6 1.5111 1.5369 1.5706 1.6001 1.6270 1.6520 1.6755 1.7192 1.7593 1.7968 1.8657 1.9284 1.9863 2.0404 2.0913 7/12/11 14:26:53 970 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) TABLA A-6E Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (continuación) T °F v ft3/lbm s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R P 350 psia (431.74°F) Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 1.3263 1.3739 1.4921 1.6004 1.7030 1.8018 1.8979 2.0848 2.2671 2.4464 2.7996 3.1484 3.4947 3.8394 4.1830 Sat. 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0.92815 0.99304 1.07974 1.15876 1.23312 1.30440 1.44097 1.57252 1.70094 1.82726 1.95211 2.1988 2.4430 2.6856 2.9271 1118.5 1129.3 1155.2 1178.6 1200.6 1221.9 1242.8 1284.1 1325.3 1366.9 1451.7 1539.6 1630.8 1725.4 1823.3 1204.4 1218.3 1251.9 1282.2 1310.9 1338.6 1365.8 1419.1 1472.2 1525.3 1633.0 1743.5 1857.1 1974.0 2094.2 1.4973 1.5128 1.5487 1.5795 1.6073 1.6328 1.6567 1.7009 1.7414 1.7791 1.8483 1.9111 1.9691 2.0233 2.0742 P 500 psia (467.04°F) 1119.1 1140.1 1167.1 1191.4 1214.3 1236.4 1279.2 1321.4 1363.6 1406.2 1449.4 1537.8 1629.4 1724.2 1822.3 1205.0 1231.9 1267.0 1298.6 1328.4 1357.0 1412.5 1466.9 1521.0 1575.3 1630.0 1741.2 1855.4 1972.7 2093.1 1.4642 1.4928 1.5284 1.5590 1.5865 1.6117 1.6576 1.6992 1.7376 1.7735 1.8075 1.8708 1.9291 1.9834 2.0345 P 800 psia (518.27°F) Sat. 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0.56920 0.61586 0.67799 0.73279 0.78330 0.83102 0.87678 0.96434 1.04841 1.13024 1.21051 1.36797 1.52283 1.67606 1.82823 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 970 1115.0 1139.4 1170.5 1197.6 1222.4 1246.0 1268.9 1313.3 1357.0 1400.7 1444.6 1534.2 1626.5 1721.9 1820.4 1199.3 1230.5 1270.9 1306.0 1338.4 1369.1 1398.7 1456.0 1512.2 1568.0 1623.8 1736.7 1851.9 1970.0 2091.0 1.4162 1.4476 1.4866 1.5191 1.5476 1.5735 1.5975 1.6413 1.6812 1.7181 1.7528 1.8170 1.8759 1.9306 1.9819 v ft3/lbm s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R P 400 psia (444.62°F) 1.1617 1.1747 1.2851 1.3840 1.4765 1.5650 1.6507 1.8166 1.9777 2.1358 2.4465 2.7527 3.0565 3.3586 3.6597 1119.0 1122.5 1150.4 1174.9 1197.6 1219.4 1240.7 1282.5 1324.0 1365.8 1450.9 1539.0 1630.3 1725.0 1823.0 1205.0 1209.4 1245.6 1277.3 1306.9 1335.3 1362.9 1417.0 1470.4 1523.9 1632.0 1742.7 1856.5 1973.6 2093.9 1.4852 1.4901 1.5288 1.5610 1.5897 1.6158 1.6401 1.6849 1.7257 1.7636 1.8331 1.8960 1.9541 2.0084 2.0594 P 600 psia (486.24°F) 0.77020 0.79526 0.87542 0.94605 1.01133 1.07316 1.19038 1.30230 1.41097 1.51749 1.62252 1.82957 2.0340 2.2369 2.4387 1118.3 1128.2 1158.7 1184.9 1209.0 1231.9 1275.8 1318.7 1361.4 1404.4 1447.8 1536.6 1628.4 1723.4 1821.7 1203.9 1216.5 1255.9 1289.9 1321.3 1351.0 1408.0 1463.3 1518.1 1572.9 1627.9 1739.7 1854.2 1971.8 2092.4 1.4463 1.4596 1.4996 1.5325 1.5614 1.5877 1.6348 1.6771 1.7160 1.7522 1.7865 1.8501 1.9085 1.9630 2.0141 P 1000 psia (544.65°F) 0.44604 0.45375 0.51431 0.56411 0.60844 0.64944 0.68821 0.76136 0.83078 0.89783 0.96327 1.09101 1.21610 1.33956 1.46194 1110.1 1115.2 1154.1 1185.1 1212.4 1237.6 1261.7 1307.7 1352.5 1396.9 1441.4 1531.8 1624.6 1720.3 1819.1 1192.6 1199.2 1249.3 1289.5 1325.0 1357.8 1389.0 1448.6 1506.2 1563.1 1619.7 1733.7 1849.6 1968.2 2089.6 1.3906 1.3972 1.4457 1.4827 1.5140 1.5418 1.5670 1.6126 1.6535 1.6911 1.7263 1.7911 1.8504 1.9053 1.9568 v ft3/lbm s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R P 450 psia (456.31°F) 1.0324 1119.2 1205.2 1.4742 1.1233 1.2152 1.3001 1.3807 1.4584 1.6080 1.7526 1.8942 2.1718 2.4450 2.7157 2.9847 3.2527 1145.4 1171.1 1194.6 1216.9 1238.5 1280.8 1322.7 1364.7 1450.1 1538.4 1629.8 1724.6 1822.6 1238.9 1272.3 1302.8 1331.9 1360.0 1414.7 1468.6 1522.4 1631.0 1742.0 1856.0 1973.2 2093.5 1.5103 1.5441 1.5737 1.6005 1.6253 1.6706 1.7117 1.7499 1.8196 1.8827 1.9409 1.9952 2.0462 P 700 psia (503.13°F) 0.65589 1116.9 1201.9 1.4305 0.72799 0.79332 0.85242 0.90769 1.01125 1.10921 1.20381 1.29621 1.38709 1.56580 1.74192 1.91643 2.08987 1149.5 1177.9 1203.4 1227.2 1272.4 1316.0 1359.2 1402.5 1446.2 1535.4 1627.5 1722.7 1821.0 1243.8 1280.7 1313.8 1344.8 1403.4 1459.7 1515.2 1570.4 1625.9 1738.2 1853.1 1970.9 2091.7 1.4730 1.5087 1.5393 1.5666 1.6150 1.6581 1.6974 1.7341 1.7685 1.8324 1.8911 1.9457 1.9969 P 1250 psia (572.45°F) 0.34549 1102.0 1181.9 1.3623 0.37894 0.42703 0.46735 0.50344 0.53687 0.59876 0.65656 0.71184 0.76545 0.86944 0.97072 1.07036 1.16892 1129.5 1167.5 1198.7 1226.4 1252.2 1300.5 1346.7 1392.2 1437.4 1528.7 1622.2 1718.4 1817.5 1217.2 1266.3 1306.8 1342.9 1376.4 1439.0 1498.6 1556.8 1614.5 1729.8 1846.7 1966.0 2087.9 1.3961 1.4414 1.4771 1.5076 1.5347 1.5826 1.6249 1.6635 1.6993 1.7649 1.8246 1.8799 1.9315 7/12/11 14:26:53 971 APÉNDICE 2 TABLA A-6E Vapor de agua sobrecalentado (conclusión) T °F v ft3/lbm u Btu/lbm s h Btu/ Btu/lbm lbm · R P 1500 psia (596.26°F) 1092.1 1097.2 1147.2 1183.6 1214.4 1242.2 1268.2 1293.1 1340.9 1387.3 1433.3 1525.7 1619.8 1716.4 1815.9 1169.0 1175.4 1239.7 1286.9 1326.9 1363.1 1396.9 1429.2 1490.8 1550.5 1609.2 1726.0 1843.8 1963.7 2086.1 1.3362 1.3423 1.4016 1.4433 1.4771 1.5064 1.5328 1.5569 1.6007 1.6402 1.6767 1.7432 1.8033 1.8589 1.9108 v ft3/lbm s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R P 1750 psia (617.17°F) Sat. 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0.27695 0.28189 0.33310 0.37198 0.40535 0.43550 0.46356 0.49015 0.54031 0.58781 0.63355 0.72172 0.80714 0.89090 0.97358 Sat. 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0.13076 1031.2 1091.7 1.2330 0.08460 969.8 1016.8 1.1587 0.16849 0.20327 0.22949 0.25174 0.27165 0.29001 0.30726 0.33949 0.36966 0.42631 0.48004 0.53205 0.58295 1098.4 1154.9 1195.9 1230.1 1260.7 1289.1 1316.1 1367.3 1416.6 1513.3 1610.1 1708.6 1809.4 1176.3 1249.0 1302.0 1346.6 1386.4 1423.3 1458.2 1524.4 1587.6 1710.5 1832.2 1954.8 2079.1 1.3072 1.3686 1.4116 1.4463 1.4761 1.5028 1.5271 1.5710 1.6103 1.6802 1.7424 1.7991 1.8518 0.09838 0.14840 0.17601 0.19771 0.21640 0.23321 0.24876 0.27732 0.30367 0.35249 0.39830 0.44237 0.48532 1005.3 1114.1 1167.5 1208.2 1242.8 1273.9 1302.8 1356.8 1408.0 1507.0 1605.3 1704.7 1806.1 1059.9 1196.5 1265.3 1317.9 1362.9 1403.3 1440.9 1510.8 1576.6 1702.7 1826.4 1950.3 2075.6 1.1960 1.3118 1.3676 1.4086 1.4423 1.4716 1.4978 1.5441 1.5850 1.6567 1.7199 1.7773 1.8304 P 2500 psia (668.17°F) 0.02448 0.02871 0.06370 0.10520 0.12848 0.14647 0.16176 0.17538 0.19957 0.22121 0.24128 0.26028 0.29620 0.33033 0.36335 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 971 657.9 742.3 962.1 1094.2 1156.7 1202.5 1240.7 1274.6 1335.1 1390.3 1443.0 1494.3 1595.5 1696.8 1799.7 676.1 763.6 1009.2 1172.1 1251.8 1310.9 1360.5 1404.4 1482.8 1554.1 1621.6 1687.0 1814.7 1941.4 2068.6 P 2000 psia (635.85°F) 1080.5 1153.9 1.3112 0.18815 1066.8 1136.4 1.2863 0.26292 0.30252 0.33455 0.36266 0.38835 0.41238 0.45719 0.49917 0.53932 0.61621 0.69031 0.76273 0.83406 1122.8 1166.8 1201.5 1231.7 1259.3 1285.4 1334.9 1382.4 1429.2 1522.6 1617.4 1714.5 1814.2 1207.9 1264.7 1309.8 1349.1 1385.1 1419.0 1482.9 1544.1 1603.9 1722.1 1840.9 1961.5 2084.3 1.3607 1.4108 1.4489 1.4807 1.5088 1.5341 1.5796 1.6201 1.6572 1.7245 1.7852 1.8410 1.8931 0.20586 0.24894 0.28074 0.30763 0.33169 0.35390 0.39479 0.43266 0.46864 0.53708 0.60269 0.66660 0.72942 1091.4 1147.6 1187.4 1220.5 1250.0 1277.5 1328.7 1377.5 1425.1 1519.5 1615.0 1712.5 1812.6 1167.6 1239.8 1291.3 1334.3 1372.8 1408.5 1474.9 1537.6 1598.5 1718.3 1838.0 1959.2 2082.6 1.3146 1.3783 1.4218 1.4567 1.4867 1.5134 1.5606 1.6021 1.6400 1.7081 1.7693 1.8255 1.8778 P 3000 psia (695.41°F) P 3500 psia 0.02492 0.03065 0.10460 0.13639 0.15847 0.17659 0.19245 0.20687 0.23289 0.25654 0.29978 0.33994 0.37833 0.41561 P 5000 psia 0.8577 0.9347 1.1410 1.2734 1.3355 1.3799 1.4157 1.4463 1.4983 1.5426 1.5821 1.6182 1.6835 1.7422 1.7961 s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R 0.22681 P 4000 psia 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1600 1800 2000 v ft3/lbm 0.02379 0.02678 0.03373 0.05937 0.08551 0.10390 0.11863 0.13128 0.15298 0.17185 0.18902 0.20508 0.23505 0.26320 0.29023 648.3 721.8 821.8 986.9 1092.4 1155.9 1203.9 1244.0 1312.2 1372.1 1427.8 1481.4 1585.6 1689.0 1793.2 670.3 746.6 853.0 1041.8 1171.5 1252.1 1313.6 1365.5 1453.8 1531.1 1602.7 1671.1 1803.1 1932.5 2061.7 663.7 760.0 1057.6 1134.3 1183.8 1223.4 1257.8 1289.0 1346.1 1399.3 1500.7 1600.4 1700.8 1802.9 679.9 779.9 1125.4 1222.6 1286.5 1337.8 1382.4 1423.0 1496.9 1565.4 1694.8 1820.5 1945.8 2072.1 0.8632 0.9511 1.2434 1.3224 1.3721 1.4106 1.4428 1.4711 1.5201 1.5627 1.6364 1.7006 1.7586 1.8121 P 6000 psia 0.8485 0.9156 1.0054 1.1581 1.2593 1.3198 1.3643 1.4004 1.4590 1.5070 1.5490 1.5868 1.6542 1.7142 1.7689 0.02325 0.02564 0.02981 0.03949 0.05815 0.07584 0.09010 0.10208 0.12211 0.13911 0.15434 0.16841 0.19438 0.21853 0.24155 640.3 708.1 788.7 897.1 1018.6 1103.5 1163.7 1211.4 1288.4 1353.4 1412.5 1468.4 1575.7 1681.1 1786.7 666.1 736.5 821.8 941.0 1083.1 1187.7 1263.7 1324.7 1424.0 1507.8 1583.8 1655.4 1791.5 1923.7 2054.9 0.8408 0.9028 0.9747 1.0711 1.1819 1.2603 1.3153 1.3578 1.4237 1.4758 1.5203 1.5598 1.6294 1.6907 1.7463 7/12/11 14:26:53 972 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) TABLA A-7E Agua líquida comprimida T °F v ft3/lbm u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Sat. 32 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 0.019750 0.015994 0.015998 0.016107 0.016317 0.016607 0.016972 0.017417 0.017954 0.018609 0.019425 s v Btu/lbm · R ft3/lbm P 500 psia (467.04°F) 447.68 0.01 18.03 67.86 117.70 167.70 218.04 268.92 320.64 373.61 428.44 449.51 1.49 19.51 69.35 119.21 169.24 219.61 270.53 322.30 375.33 430.24 0.64900 0.00001 0.03601 0.12930 0.21462 0.29349 0.36708 0.43641 0.50240 0.56595 0.62802 P 2000 psia (635.85°F) Sat. 32 50 100 200 300 400 450 500 560 600 640 680 700 0.025634 0.015912 0.015921 0.016035 0.016527 0.017310 0.018442 0.019199 0.020154 0.021739 0.023317 662.33 0.07 17.91 67.36 166.54 266.92 370.30 424.06 480.08 552.21 605.77 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 972 671.82 5.96 23.80 73.30 172.66 273.33 377.12 431.16 487.54 560.26 614.40 0.86224 0.00010 0.03574 0.12838 0.29170 0.43376 0.56205 0.62314 0.68346 0.75692 0.80898 u h s v Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R ft3/lbm P 1000 psia (544.65°F) 0.021595 0.015966 0.015972 0.016083 0.016292 0.016580 0.016941 0.017380 0.017910 0.018552 0.019347 0.020368 538.58 0.03 17.99 67.69 117.42 167.31 217.51 268.24 319.77 372.48 426.93 484.03 542.57 2.99 20.95 70.67 120.43 170.38 220.65 271.46 323.08 375.91 430.51 487.80 0.74341 0.00005 0.03593 0.12899 0.21416 0.29289 0.36634 0.43551 0.50132 0.56463 0.62635 0.68764 P 1500 psia (596.26°F) 0.023456 0.015939 0.015946 0.016059 0.016267 0.016553 0.016911 0.017345 0.017866 0.018496 0.019271 0.020258 0.021595 P 3000 psia (695.41°F) 0.034335 0.015859 0.015870 0.015988 0.016475 0.017242 0.018338 0.019062 0.019960 0.021405 0.022759 0.024765 0.028821 783.39 0.10 17.83 67.04 165.79 265.65 368.22 421.36 476.45 546.59 597.42 654.52 728.63 802.45 8.90 26.64 75.91 174.94 275.22 378.41 431.94 487.53 558.47 610.06 668.27 744.64 0.97321 0.00011 0.03554 0.12776 0.29053 0.43204 0.55959 0.62010 0.67958 0.75126 0.80086 0.85476 0.92288 u h s Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm · R 605.07 0.05 17.95 67.53 117.14 166.92 217.00 267.57 318.91 371.37 425.47 482.01 542.50 611.58 4.48 22.38 71.98 121.66 171.52 221.69 272.39 323.87 376.51 430.82 487.63 548.50 0.80836 0.00008 0.03584 0.12869 0.21369 0.29229 0.36560 0.43463 0.50025 0.56333 0.62472 0.68550 0.74731 P 5000 psia 0.015756 0.015773 0.015897 0.016375 0.017112 0.018145 0.018812 0.019620 0.020862 0.021943 0.023358 0.025366 0.026777 0.13 17.65 66.41 164.36 263.24 364.35 416.40 469.94 537.08 584.42 634.95 690.67 721.78 14.71 32.25 81.12 179.51 279.07 381.14 433.80 488.10 556.38 604.72 656.56 714.14 746.56 0.00002 0.03505 0.12652 0.28824 0.42874 0.55492 0.61445 0.67254 0.74154 0.78803 0.83603 0.88745 0.91564 7/12/11 14:26:53 973 APÉNDICE 2 TABLA A-8E Hielo saturado. Vapor de agua Temp., T °F Pres. sat., Psat psia 32.018 32 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0.08871 0.08864 0.08086 0.06405 0.05049 0.03960 0.03089 0.02397 0.01850 0.01420 0.01083 0.00821 0.00619 0.00463 0.00344 0.00254 0.00186 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 973 Volumen específico, ft3/lbm Hielo sat., vi Vapor sat., vg 0.01747 3299.6 0.01747 3302.6 0.01747 3605.8 0.01746 4505.8 0.01746 5657.6 0.01745 7138.9 0.01744 9054.0 0.01743 11,543 0.01743 14,797 0.01742 19,075 0.01741 24,731 0.01740 32,257 0.01740 42,335 0.01739 55,917 0.01738 74,345 0.01738 99,526 0.01737 134,182 Energía interna, Btu/lbm Entalpía, Btu/lbm Entropía, Btu/Ibm · R Hielo sat., ui Subl., uig Vapor sat., ug Hielo sat., hi Subl., hig Vapor sat., hg Hielo sat., si Subl., sig Vapor sat., sg 143.34 143.35 144.35 146.85 149.32 151.76 154.18 156.57 158.94 161.28 163.60 165.90 168.16 170.41 172.63 174.83 177.00 1164.2 1164.2 1164.6 1165.4 1166.2 1167.0 1167.8 1168.5 1169.2 1169.9 1170.6 1171.2 1171.8 1172.4 1173.0 1173.5 1174.0 1020.9 1020.9 1020.2 1018.6 1016.9 1015.2 1013.6 1011.9 1010.3 1008.6 1007.0 1005.3 1003.6 1002.0 1000.3 998.7 997.0 143.34 143.35 144.35 146.85 149.32 151.76 154.18 156.57 158.94 161.28 163.60 165.90 168.16 170.41 172.63 174.83 177.00 1218.3 1218.4 1218.5 1218.8 1219.1 1219.3 1219.5 1219.7 1219.9 1220.0 1220.1 1220.2 1220.3 1220.3 1220.3 1220.3 1220.3 1075.0 1075.0 1074.2 1072.0 1069.8 1067.6 1065.4 1063.1 1060.9 1058.7 1056.5 1054.3 1052.1 1049.9 1047.7 1045.5 1043.3 0.29146 0.29148 0.29353 0.29865 0.30377 0.30889 0.31401 0.31913 0.32426 0.32938 0.33451 0.33964 0.34478 0.34991 0.35505 0.36019 0.36534 2.4779 2.4779 2.4883 2.5146 2.5414 2.5687 2.5965 2.6248 2.6537 2.6832 2.7133 2.7440 2.7754 2.8074 2.8401 2.8735 2.9076 2.1864 2.1865 2.1948 2.2160 2.2376 2.2598 2.2825 2.3057 2.3295 2.3538 2.3788 2.4044 2.4306 2.4575 2.4850 2.5133 2.5423 7/12/11 14:26:54 976 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) TABLA A-11E Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de temperatura Volumen específico, ft3/lbm Energía interna, Btu/lbm Entalpía, Btu/lbm Pres. Temp., sat., T °F Psat psia Líq. sat., vf Vapor sat., vg Líq. sat., uf Evap., ufg 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 7.432 8.581 9.869 11.306 12.906 14.680 16.642 0.01130 0.01136 0.01143 0.01150 0.01156 0.01163 0.01171 5.7796 5.0509 4.4300 3.8988 3.4426 3.0494 2.7091 0.016 1.484 2.990 4.502 6.019 7.543 9.073 89.167 88.352 87.532 86.706 85.874 85.036 84.191 89.15 89.84 90.52 91.21 91.89 92.58 93.26 0.000 1.502 3.011 4.526 6.047 7.574 9.109 5 0 5 10 15 18.806 21.185 23.793 26.646 29.759 0.01178 0.01185 0.01193 0.01201 0.01209 2.4137 2.1564 1.9316 1.7345 1.5612 10.609 12.152 13.702 15.259 16.823 83.339 82.479 81.610 80.733 79.846 93.95 94.63 95.31 95.99 96.67 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 33.147 36.826 40.813 45.124 49.776 54.787 60.175 65.957 0.01217 0.01225 0.01234 0.01242 0.01251 0.01261 0.01270 0.01280 1.4084 1.2732 1.1534 1.0470 0.95205 0.86727 0.79136 0.72323 18.394 19.973 21.560 23.154 24.757 26.369 27.990 29.619 78.950 78.043 77.124 76.195 75.253 74.298 73.329 72.346 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 72.152 78.780 85.858 93.408 101.45 110.00 119.08 0.01290 0.01301 0.01312 0.01323 0.01334 0.01347 0.01359 0.66195 0.60671 0.55681 0.51165 0.47069 0.43348 0.39959 31.258 32.908 34.567 36.237 37.919 39.612 41.317 95 100 105 110 115 128.72 138.93 149.73 161.16 173.23 0.01372 0.01386 0.01400 0.01415 0.01430 0.36869 0.34045 0.31460 0.29090 0.26913 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 185.96 213.53 244.06 277.79 314.94 355.80 400.66 449.90 504.00 563.76 0.01446 0.01482 0.01521 0.01567 0.01619 0.01681 0.01759 0.01860 0.02009 0.02309 0.24909 0.21356 0.18315 0.15692 0.13410 0.11405 0.09618 0.07990 0.06441 0.04722 Vapor sat., ug Líq. sat., hf Entropía, Btu/lbm · R Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 97.100 97.10 96.354 97.86 95.601 98.61 94.839 99.36 94.068 100.12 93.288 100.86 92.498 101.61 0.00000 0.00355 0.00708 0.01058 0.01405 0.01749 0.02092 0.23135 0.22687 0.22248 0.21817 0.21394 0.20978 0.20569 0.23135 0.23043 0.22956 0.22875 0.22798 0.22727 0.22660 10.650 12.199 13.755 15.318 16.889 91.698 90.886 90.062 89.226 88.377 102.35 103.08 103.82 104.54 105.27 0.02431 0.02769 0.03104 0.03438 0.03769 0.20166 0.19770 0.19380 0.18996 0.18617 0.22598 0.22539 0.22485 0.22434 0.22386 97.34 98.02 98.68 99.35 100.01 100.67 101.32 101.97 18.469 20.056 21.653 23.258 24.873 26.497 28.131 29.775 87.514 86.636 85.742 84.833 83.907 82.963 82.000 81.017 105.98 106.69 107.40 108.09 108.78 109.46 110.13 110.79 0.04098 0.04426 0.04752 0.05076 0.05398 0.05720 0.06039 0.06358 0.18243 0.17874 0.17509 0.17148 0.16791 0.16437 0.16087 0.15740 0.22341 0.22300 0.22260 0.22224 0.22189 0.22157 0.22127 0.22098 71.347 70.333 69.301 68.251 67.181 66.091 64.979 102.61 103.24 103.87 104.49 105.10 105.70 106.30 31.431 33.097 34.776 36.466 38.169 39.886 41.617 80.013 78.988 77.939 76.866 75.767 74.641 73.485 111.44 112.09 112.71 113.33 113.94 114.53 115.10 0.06675 0.06991 0.07306 0.07620 0.07934 0.08246 0.08559 0.15396 0.15053 0.14713 0.14375 0.14038 0.13703 0.13368 0.22070 0.22044 0.22019 0.21995 0.21972 0.21949 0.21926 43.036 44.768 46.514 48.276 50.054 63.844 62.683 61.496 60.279 59.031 106.88 107.45 108.01 108.56 109.08 43.363 45.124 46.902 48.698 50.512 72.299 71.080 69.825 68.533 67.200 115.66 116.20 116.73 117.23 117.71 0.08870 0.09182 0.09493 0.09804 0.10116 0.13033 0.12699 0.12365 0.12029 0.11693 0.21904 0.21881 0.21858 0.21834 0.21809 51.849 55.495 59.226 63.059 67.014 71.126 75.448 80.082 85.267 91.986 57.749 55.071 52.216 49.144 45.799 42.097 37.899 32.950 26.651 16.498 109.60 110.57 111.44 112.20 112.81 113.22 113.35 113.03 111.92 108.48 52.346 56.080 59.913 63.864 67.958 72.233 76.752 81.631 87.140 94.395 65.823 62.924 59.801 56.405 52.671 48.499 43.726 38.053 30.785 19.015 118.17 119.00 119.71 120.27 120.63 120.73 120.48 119.68 117.93 113.41 0.10428 0.11054 0.11684 0.12321 0.12970 0.13634 0.14323 0.15055 0.15867 0.16922 0.11354 0.10670 0.09971 0.09251 0.08499 0.07701 0.06835 0.05857 0.04666 0.02839 0.21782 0.21724 0.21655 0.21572 0.21469 0.21335 0.21158 0.20911 0.20533 0.19761 Evap., hfg Vapor sat., hg Fuente: Las tablas A-11E a A-13E se generaron utilizando el programa para resolver ecuaciones de ingeniería (EES) desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. La rutina utilizada en los cálculos es el R134a, el cual está basado en la ecuación fundamental de estado desarrollada por R. Tillner-Roth y H. D. Baehr, “An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties de 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoretano (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures up to 70 MPa”, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, vol. 23, núm. 5, 1994. Los valores de entalpía y entropía para el líquido saturado son cero a –40°C (y –40°F). 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 976 7/12/11 14:26:54 977 APÉNDICE 2 TABLA A-12E Refrigerante 134a saturado. Tabla de presión Volumen específico, ft3/lbm Pres., P psia Temp. sat., T °F Líq. sat., vf Vapor sat., vg 5 10 15 20 25 53.09 29.52 14.15 2.43 7.17 0.01113 0.01144 0.01165 0.01182 0.01196 8.3785 4.3753 2.9880 2.2772 1.8429 30 35 40 45 50 15.37 22.57 29.01 34.86 40.23 0.01209 0.01221 0.01232 0.01242 0.01252 55 60 65 70 75 45.20 49.84 54.20 58.30 62.19 80 85 90 95 100 Energía interna, Btu/lbm Entropía, Btu/lbm · R Evap., ufg Vapor sat., ug Líq. sat., hf Evap., hfg Vapor sat., hg Líq. sat., sf Evap., sfg Vapor sat., sg 3.918 3.135 7.803 11.401 14.377 91.280 87.453 84.893 82.898 81.231 87.36 90.59 92.70 94.30 95.61 3.907 3.156 7.835 11.445 14.432 99.022 95.528 93.155 91.282 89.701 95.11 98.68 100.99 102.73 104.13 0.00945 0.00742 0.01808 0.02605 0.03249 0.24353 0.22206 0.20908 0.19962 0.19213 0.23408 0.22948 0.22715 0.22567 0.22462 1.5492 1.3369 1.1760 1.0497 0.94791 16.939 19.205 21.246 23.110 24.832 79.780 78.485 77.307 76.221 75.209 96.72 97.69 98.55 99.33 100.04 17.006 19.284 21.337 23.214 24.948 88.313 87.064 85.920 84.858 83.863 105.32 106.35 107.26 108.07 108.81 0.03793 0.04267 0.04688 0.05067 0.05413 0.18589 0.18053 0.17580 0.17158 0.16774 0.22383 0.22319 0.22268 0.22225 0.22188 0.01261 0.01270 0.01279 0.01287 0.01295 0.86400 0.79361 0.73370 0.68205 0.63706 26.435 27.939 29.357 30.700 31.979 74.258 73.360 72.505 71.688 70.905 100.69 101.30 101.86 102.39 102.88 26.564 28.080 29.510 30.867 32.159 82.924 82.030 81.176 80.357 79.567 109.49 110.11 110.69 111.22 111.73 0.05733 0.06029 0.06307 0.06567 0.06813 0.16423 0.16098 0.15796 0.15512 0.15245 0.22156 0.22127 0.22102 0.22080 0.22059 65.89 69.41 72.78 76.02 79.12 0.01303 0.01310 0.01318 0.01325 0.01332 0.59750 0.56244 0.53113 0.50301 0.47760 33.201 34.371 35.495 36.578 37.623 70.151 69.424 68.719 68.035 67.371 103.35 103.79 104.21 104.61 104.99 33.394 34.577 35.715 36.811 37.869 78.804 78.064 77.345 76.645 75.962 112.20 112.64 113.06 113.46 113.83 0.07047 0.07269 0.07481 0.07684 0.07879 0.14993 0.14753 0.14525 0.14307 0.14097 0.22040 0.22022 0.22006 0.21991 0.21976 110 120 130 140 150 85.00 90.49 95.64 100.51 105.12 0.01347 0.01360 0.01374 0.01387 0.01400 0.43347 0.39644 0.36491 0.33771 0.31401 39.612 41.485 43.258 44.945 46.556 66.091 64.869 63.696 62.564 61.467 105.70 106.35 106.95 107.51 108.02 39.886 41.787 43.589 45.304 46.945 74.641 73.371 72.144 70.954 69.795 114.53 115.16 115.73 116.26 116.74 0.08246 0.08589 0.08911 0.09214 0.09501 0.13703 0.13335 0.12990 0.12665 0.12357 0.21949 0.21924 0.21901 0.21879 0.21857 160 170 180 190 200 109.50 113.69 117.69 121.53 125.22 0.01413 0.01426 0.01439 0.01452 0.01464 0.29316 0.27466 0.25813 0.24327 0.22983 48.101 49.586 51.018 52.402 53.743 60.401 59.362 58.345 57.349 56.371 108.50 108.95 109.36 109.75 110.11 48.519 50.035 51.497 52.912 54.285 68.662 67.553 66.464 65.392 64.335 117.18 117.59 117.96 118.30 118.62 0.09774 0.10034 0.10284 0.10524 0.10754 0.12062 0.11781 0.11511 0.11250 0.10998 0.21836 0.21815 0.21795 0.21774 0.21753 220 240 260 280 300 132.21 138.73 144.85 150.62 156.09 0.01490 0.01516 0.01543 0.01570 0.01598 0.20645 0.18677 0.16996 0.15541 0.14266 56.310 58.746 61.071 63.301 65.452 54.458 52.591 50.757 48.945 47.143 110.77 111.34 111.83 112.25 112.60 56.917 59.419 61.813 64.115 66.339 62.256 60.213 58.192 56.184 54.176 119.17 119.63 120.00 120.30 120.52 0.11192 0.11603 0.11992 0.12362 0.12715 0.10517 0.10061 0.09625 0.09205 0.08797 0.21710 0.21665 0.21617 0.21567 0.21512 350 400 450 500 168.64 179.86 190.02 199.29 0.01672 0.01757 0.01860 0.01995 0.11664 0.09642 0.07987 0.06551 70.554 75.385 80.092 84.871 42.627 37.963 32.939 27.168 113.18 113.35 113.03 112.04 71.638 76.686 81.641 86.718 49.099 43.798 38.041 31.382 120.74 120.48 119.68 118.10 0.13542 0.14314 0.15056 0.15805 0.07814 0.06848 0.05854 0.04762 0.21356 0.21161 0.20911 0.20566 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 977 Líq. sat., uf Entalpía, Btu/lbm 7/12/11 14:26:54 978 TABLAS DE PROPIEDADES, FIGURAS Y DIAGRAMAS (UNIDADES INGLESAS) TABLA A-13E Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado T °F v ft3/lbm s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R P 10 psia (Tsat 29.52°F) Sat. 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 4.3753 4.4856 4.7135 4.9380 5.1600 5.3802 5.5989 5.8165 6.0331 6.2490 6.4642 6.6789 6.8930 7.1068 90.59 92.13 95.41 98.77 102.20 105.72 109.32 113.01 116.79 120.66 124.61 128.65 132.77 136.98 98.68 100.43 104.14 107.91 111.75 115.67 119.68 123.78 127.96 132.22 136.57 141.01 145.53 150.13 0.22948 0.23350 0.24174 0.24976 0.25761 0.26531 0.27288 0.28033 0.28767 0.29490 0.30203 0.30908 0.31604 0.32292 P 30 psia (Tsat 15.37°F) Sat. 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 1.5492 1.5691 1.6528 1.7338 1.8130 1.8908 1.9675 2.0434 2.1185 2.1931 2.2671 2.3408 2.4141 2.4871 2.5598 Sat. 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 0.7936 0.8179 0.8636 0.9072 0.9495 0.9908 1.0312 1.0709 1.1101 1.1489 1.1872 1.2252 1.2629 1.3004 1.3377 96.72 97.56 101.17 104.82 108.53 112.30 116.15 120.08 124.08 128.16 132.32 136.57 140.89 145.30 149.78 105.32 106.27 110.35 114.45 118.59 122.80 127.07 131.42 135.84 140.34 144.91 149.56 154.29 159.10 163.99 0.22383 0.22581 0.23414 0.24219 0.25002 0.25767 0.26517 0.27254 0.27979 0.28693 0.29398 0.30092 0.30778 0.31456 0.32126 P 60 psia (Tsat 49.84°F) 101.30 103.31 107.23 111.16 115.14 119.16 123.25 127.41 131.63 135.93 140.30 144.75 149.27 153.87 158.54 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 978 110.11 112.39 116.82 121.24 125.68 130.16 134.70 139.30 143.96 148.69 153.48 158.35 163.29 168.31 173.39 0.22127 0.22570 0.23407 0.24211 0.24991 0.25751 0.26496 0.27226 0.27943 0.28649 0.29344 0.30030 0.30707 0.31376 0.32037 v ft3/lbm s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R P 15 psia (Tsat 14.15°F) v ft3/lbm s u h Btu/ Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm · R P 20 psia (Tsat 2.43°F) 2.9880 92.70 100.99 0.22715 2.2772 94.30 102.73 0.22567 3.1001 3.2551 3.4074 3.5577 3.7064 3.8540 4.0006 4.1464 4.2915 4.4361 4.5802 4.7239 95.08 98.48 101.95 105.50 109.13 112.84 116.63 120.51 124.48 128.53 132.66 136.88 103.68 107.52 111.41 115.38 119.42 123.54 127.74 132.02 136.39 140.84 145.37 149.99 0.23310 0.24127 0.24922 0.25700 0.26463 0.27212 0.27950 0.28677 0.29393 0.30100 0.30798 0.31487 2.2922 2.4130 2.5306 2.6461 2.7600 2.8726 2.9842 3.0950 3.2051 3.3146 3.4237 3.5324 94.72 98.19 101.70 105.28 108.93 112.66 116.47 120.37 124.35 128.41 132.55 136.78 103.20 107.12 111.07 115.07 119.15 123.29 127.52 131.82 136.21 140.67 145.22 149.85 0.22671 0.23504 0.24311 0.25097 0.25866 0.26621 0.27363 0.28093 0.28812 0.29521 0.30221 0.30912 P 40 psia (Tsat 29.01°F) P 50 psia (Tsat 40.23°F) 1.1760 98.55 107.26 0.22268 0.9479 100.04 108.81 0.22188 1.2126 1.2768 1.3389 1.3995 1.4588 1.5173 1.5750 1.6321 1.6887 1.7449 1.8007 1.8562 1.9114 100.61 104.34 108.11 111.93 115.82 119.78 123.81 127.91 132.10 136.36 140.70 145.12 149.61 109.58 113.79 118.02 122.29 126.62 131.01 135.47 140.00 144.60 149.27 154.03 158.86 163.76 0.22738 0.23565 0.24363 0.25140 0.25900 0.26644 0.27375 0.28095 0.28803 0.29501 0.30190 0.30871 0.31543 1.0019 1.0540 1.1043 1.1534 1.2015 1.2488 1.2955 1.3416 1.3873 1.4326 1.4776 1.5223 103.84 107.68 111.55 115.48 119.47 123.53 127.66 131.87 136.15 140.50 144.93 149.44 113.11 117.43 121.77 126.16 130.59 135.09 139.65 144.28 148.98 153.76 158.60 163.53 0.23031 0.23847 0.24637 0.25406 0.26159 0.26896 0.27621 0.28333 0.29036 0.29728 0.30411 0.31086 P 70 psia (Tsat 58.30°F) 0.6821 0.6857 0.7271 0.7662 0.8037 0.8401 0.8756 0.9105 0.9447 0.9785 1.0118 1.0449 1.0776 1.1101 1.1424 102.39 102.73 106.76 110.76 114.78 118.85 122.97 127.15 131.40 135.71 140.10 144.56 149.10 153.71 158.39 111.22 111.62 116.18 120.68 125.19 129.73 134.31 138.94 143.63 148.39 153.21 158.10 163.06 168.09 173.19 0.22080 0.22155 0.23016 0.23836 0.24628 0.25398 0.26149 0.26885 0.27607 0.28317 0.29015 0.29704 0.30384 0.31055 0.31718 P 80 psia (Tsat 65.89°F) 0.59750 103.35 112.20 0.22040 0.62430 0.66009 0.69415 0.72698 0.75888 0.79003 0.82059 0.85065 0.88030 0.90961 0.93861 0.96737 0.99590 106.26 110.34 114.42 118.52 122.68 126.89 131.16 135.49 139.90 144.37 148.92 153.54 158.24 115.51 120.11 124.69 129.29 133.91 138.58 143.31 148.09 152.93 157.84 162.82 167.86 172.98 0.22661 0.23499 0.24304 0.25083 0.25841 0.26583 0.27310 0.28024 0.28726 0.29418 0.30100 0.30773 0.31438 7/12/11 14:26:55 979 APÉNDICE 2 TABLA A-13E Refrigerante 134a sobrecalentado (conclusión) T °F v ft3/lbm u Btu/lbm h Btu/lbm s Btu/ lbm · R P 90 psia (Tsat 72.78°F) Sat. 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 0.53113 0.54388 0.57729 0.60874 0.63885 0.66796 0.69629 0.72399 0.75119 0.77796 0.80437 0.83048 0.85633 0.88195 104.21 105.74 109.91 114.04 118.19 122.38 126.62 130.92 135.27 139.69 144.19 148.75 153.38 158.08 113.06 114.80 119.52 124.18 128.83 133.51 138.22 142.97 147.78 152.65 157.58 162.58 167.64 172.77 0.22006 0.22330 0.23189 0.24008 0.24797 0.25563 0.26311 0.27043 0.27762 0.28468 0.29162 0.29847 0.30522 0.31189 P 140 psia (Tsat 100.50°F) Sat. 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 0.33771 0.36243 0.38551 0.40711 0.42766 0.44743 0.46657 0.48522 0.50345 0.52134 0.53895 0.55630 0.57345 0.59041 107.51 111.96 116.41 120.81 125.22 129.65 134.12 138.64 143.21 147.85 152.54 157.30 162.13 167.02 116.26 121.35 126.40 131.36 136.30 141.24 146.21 151.21 156.26 161.35 166.50 171.71 176.98 182.32 0.21879 0.22773 0.23628 0.24443 0.25227 0.25988 0.26730 0.27455 0.28166 0.28864 0.29551 0.30228 0.30896 0.31555 P 200 psia (Tsat 125.22°F) Sat. 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 0.22983 0.24541 0.26412 0.28115 0.29704 0.31212 0.32658 0.34054 0.35410 0.36733 0.38029 0.39300 0.40552 19Appendix_02 ITALICAS.qxd 979 110.11 113.85 118.66 123.35 128.00 132.64 137.30 141.99 146.72 151.50 156.33 161.22 166.17 118.62 122.93 128.44 133.76 138.99 144.19 149.38 154.59 159.82 165.09 170.40 175.77 181.18 0.21753 0.22481 0.23384 0.24229 0.25035 0.25812 0.26565 0.27298 0.28015 0.28718 0.29408 0.30087 0.30756 v ft3/lbm u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm s Btu/ lbm · R P 100 psia (Tsat 79.12°F) 0.47760 0.47906 0.51076 0.54022 0.56821 0.59513 0.62122 0.64667 0.67158 0.69605 0.72016 0.74396 0.76749 0.79079 104.99 105.18 109.45 113.66 117.86 122.08 126.35 130.67 135.05 139.49 143.99 148.57 153.21 157.93 113.83 114.05 118.90 123.65 128.37 133.09 137.85 142.64 147.47 152.37 157.32 162.34 167.42 172.56 0.21976 0.22016 0.22900 0.23733 0.24534 0.25309 0.26063 0.26801 0.27523 0.28233 0.28931 0.29618 0.30296 0.30964 P 160 psia (Tsat 109.50°F) 0.29316 0.30578 0.32774 0.34790 0.36686 0.38494 0.40234 0.41921 0.43564 0.45171 0.46748 0.48299 0.49828 0.51338 108.50 111.01 115.62 120.13 124.62 129.12 133.64 138.20 142.81 147.48 152.20 156.98 161.83 166.74 117.18 120.06 125.32 130.43 135.49 140.52 145.55 150.62 155.71 160.85 166.04 171.28 176.58 181.94 0.21836 0.22337 0.23230 0.24069 0.24871 0.25645 0.26397 0.27131 0.27849 0.28554 0.29246 0.29927 0.30598 0.31260 P 300 psia (Tsat 156.09°F) v ft3/lbm u h Btu/lbm Btu/lbm s Btu/ lbm · R P 120 psia (Tsat 90.49°F) 0.39644 106.35 115.16 0.21924 0.41013 0.43692 0.46190 0.48563 0.50844 0.53054 0.55206 0.57312 0.59379 0.61413 0.63420 0.65402 117.59 122.54 127.41 132.25 137.09 141.95 146.85 151.80 156.79 161.85 166.96 172.14 108.48 112.84 117.15 121.46 125.79 130.17 134.59 139.07 143.61 148.21 152.88 157.62 0.22362 0.23232 0.24058 0.24851 0.25619 0.26368 0.27100 0.27817 0.28521 0.29214 0.29896 0.30569 P 180 psia (Tsat 117.69°F) 0.25813 0.26083 0.28231 0.30154 0.31936 0.33619 0.35228 0.36779 0.38284 0.39751 0.41186 0.42594 0.43980 0.45347 109.36 109.94 114.77 119.42 124.00 128.57 133.15 137.76 142.40 147.10 151.85 156.66 161.53 166.46 117.96 118.63 124.17 129.46 134.64 139.77 144.88 150.01 155.16 160.34 165.57 170.85 176.18 181.56 0.21795 0.21910 0.22850 0.23718 0.24540 0.25330 0.26094 0.26837 0.27562 0.28273 0.28970 0.29656 0.30331 0.30996 P 400 psia (Tsat 179.86°F) 0.14266 112.60 120.52 0.21512 0.09642 113.35 120.48 0.21161 0.14656 0.16355 0.17776 0.19044 0.20211 0.21306 0.22347 0.23346 0.24310 0.25246 0.26159 113.82 119.52 124.78 129.85 134.83 139.77 144.70 149.65 154.63 159.64 164.70 121.95 128.60 134.65 140.42 146.05 151.59 157.11 162.61 168.12 173.66 179.22 0.21745 0.22802 0.23733 0.24594 0.25410 0.26192 0.26947 0.27681 0.28398 0.29098 0.29786 120.56 128.99 135.88 142.20 148.25 154.14 159.94 165.70 171.44 177.18 0.09658 0.11440 0.12746 0.13853 0.14844 0.15756 0.16611 0.17423 0.18201 0.18951 113.41 120.52 126.44 131.95 137.26 142.48 147.65 152.80 157.97 163.15 0.21173 0.22471 0.23500 0.24418 0.25270 0.26077 0.26851 0.27599 0.28326 0.29035 7/12/11 14:26:55 0 2.5 10 10 15 pe m Te de ra tu ra ºC 15 n ió ac ur 20 t sa 70 80 0.8 4 20 % 6 0.8 6 % 50 % 40 30% 0.8 30 va d relati umeda 8 10% H 20% edo úm oh eb ulb ra d atu per tem ºC 40 gr o sec ire de a o am en m 2 0.8 0 0.8 0.7 8 Reproducida con permiso de la American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia; usada con permiso. Temperatura de bulbo seco ºC 20 0% 25 0.9 FIGURA A-31 Carta psicrométrica a 1 atm de presión total. 25 m olu 2v Preparado por el Centro de Estudios Aplicados de Termodinámica, Universidad de Idaho. 0 5 10 2.0 5 30 lp gr lo ki a co se 30 0 0.9 50 E a nt h ( ía j ilo 60 )k or sp le ou o am de ire 30 kilo 40 Entalpía Δh ————————— = —— Relación de humedad Δ –0.2 por 20 4.0 0.4 90 100 4 0 5.0 3 0. 10.0 –• 1.0 1.5 –5.0 2.0 4.0 –2.0 ΔHS – • Calor sensible —————– = —— – 4.0 0.0 Calor total ΔHT – 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.2 3.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 • .5 % –0 90 18Appendix_01 ITALICAS.qxd 953 % Nivel del mar etro ico cúb 80 © 1992 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 0.9 70 ASHRAE Gráfica psicrométrica núm. 1 Temperatura normal Presión barométrica 101.325 kPa 2 4 6 8 50 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 0.95 1.0 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.36 APÉNDICE 1 953 7/12/11 14:26:08 ΔHS Calor sensible —— —————– = Calor total ΔHT Relación de humedad (ω) (ω) gramos de humedad por kilogramo de aire seco (ω