انسان بعمر 200

‫س‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬
}‫ئ‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫سات‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫سر‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ،R‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  }‫نئي‬‫خا‬
‫ة؛‬‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫رح‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫دف‬   
250 ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬« ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ر‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫رح‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫وؤ‬  }‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   »‫ة‬
.‫م‬1986 ‫ام‬
  ‫و‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫سر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫اب‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سرح‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ا‬  ‫�س‬ ‫؛‬‫ا‬
‫سوم‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر ٌح‬ ،R‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ P
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ،‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫دت‬  ،R‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫سد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬

.‫ض‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ؤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫دف‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫سر‬   ‫�سوء‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،R ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬
 ‫سد‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
.‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬
R ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬    ‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
6
‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬
  ،‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ن‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫؛‬‫ر‬‫س‬
‫دت‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ 11 ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫أي‬ ،R ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 250 ‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬ ،‫ر‬ 260 ‫ام‬
.‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬  ‫اب؛‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫سد‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫م‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬   ‫ام‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ P ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬
 ‫ذ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ P‫أ‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ R‫سو‬  ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬   .‫اب‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫و‬ ‫د‬
‫سو‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
.‫ا‬‫ا‬ }‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫و‬ R
‫ذي‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫دم‬  ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬ 
 ‫ض‬
‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬
،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫سا‬

‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫�س‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬
.‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫م‬

 ‫ا‬‫سو‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬  R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬
‫ر‬    ‫س‬ .‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬  ،‫ا‬
‫اك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫وؤ‬  .‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
  ‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ِ َ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬
ٍ  ‫وؤ‬ ‫ ًا‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ،R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬ 
    ، ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سر‬  ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬

‫ات‬   ‫ساع‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 250 ‫ة‬ R‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ 
.‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬
‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ،‫سو‬‫أ‬‫ض‬‫د‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫ا‬‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أن‬ ‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬     ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ 
.R‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ 
  ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ة‬ ‫دي‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬

‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ع‬

‫ض‬.‫ـ‬1350 ‫ام‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫رت‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬   ‫أ‬ .‫ا‬ 
   ‫أ‬  .‫و‬ ‫س‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬  ‫أي‬ ).‫م‬1971(
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬
‫س‬   ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬  ،‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ء‬‫إ‬
‫ر‬َ ‫س‬  ‫ري‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬   ‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫إ‬ ،)‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬( R
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
8
‫ى‬‫إ‬ .‫ق‬.‫ـ‬11 ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ ًء‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 250 ‫رت‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
.|‫ة‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫أي‬ .‫ق‬.‫ـ‬260
   .ً ‫د‬ ‫س ًا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬
.‫ ٌد‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫س‬
‫س‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬    ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ‫ذ‬
Q
‫ذ‬     ‫ى‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬

‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ر‬ ‫اأ‬
250 ‫ر‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫ري‬‫ا‬
‫ف‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬

‫ام‬  ‫ى‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ى‬  ‫دم‬
ٍ  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ 11 ‫ة‬‫س‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬
.‫ر‬ 260
‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ،‫سوم‬  ،‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬   ‫س‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬  ‫اإن‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ 
‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ون‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬  ‫و‬  ،‫ة‬
‫ي‬‫�سر‬
  ‫أ‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ .‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سة‬‫ا‬


‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ً ‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ،ً ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سرع‬
ِ ُ ‫أن‬
‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ ًا‬
.‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ،‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫دف‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬
‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ 
 R‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ،Q
  
 ‫د‬ .‫ر‬ 260 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ،‫د‬
،‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫سة‬   ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ )‫م‬1971( ‫�سنة‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ً ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ ُ‫ت‬‫ا‬
‫إن‬ .‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ ُ‫دت‬ ‫و‬
 ‫أ‬  ‫اء‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫و‬
  ‫م‬‫ا‬ P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬
 ٌ ‫س‬  ‫ر‬ُ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬

9
 ‫ق‬
‫م‬
‫ذه‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ساء‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬ ُ‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ، ‫س‬
.‫س‬ ‫سرح‬  ٍ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫�سا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ا‬ :ً  ‫أ‬

‫؟‬R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
  R‫سو‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫سو‬ ‫إن‬
‫ة‬ ‫ات‬‫ز‬   ،
‫دي‬‫ا‬

‫ا‬‫ا‬ ً ‫سر‬



 ‫ع‬‫ز‬  ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬    ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫سا‬  
‫ا‬‫ا‬  R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫دف‬   .‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬
‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ات‬ ،‫ة‬ 
،‫س‬ ‫سو‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬   ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ .  ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ 
‫س‬  ‫د‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ده‬  ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬ ‫د‬  ‫ان‬
‫إن‬ ،‫ا‬ .R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫�ض‬
  R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
‫�ض‬
ٍ ‫ى‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬
.‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫د‬   ‫اأ‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
،‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬
  ‫ت‬‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سو‬ ،‫ا‬‫�س‬  ‫و‬‫ر‬‫س‬ 
‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬  .‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫د‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬

‫أن‬  ‫ت‬‫و‬« :‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  Q
 P‫د‬  ‫آ‬  ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬

‫د‬  ‫د‬ ،‫وي‬
‫ون‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ :1(»‫ا‬ ‫ة‬

  ‫ة‬‫س‬  ،‫س‬‫أ‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬ .‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫س‬
ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫سو‬‫و‬  ،‫ا‬‫ر‬
.172‫ض‬ ،46‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
10
‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ك‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ك‬  ،‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ .‫سر‬‫ا‬

‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫؟‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫دف‬ ‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ .‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫دف‬
ٍ ‫ت‬

.»‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬« ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ »‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬«
‫و‬ .‫ق‬.‫ـ‬ 260 ‫ام‬ ‫ى‬ P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬
.‫ى‬‫د‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬
   ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬

،‫سره‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ 
 ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫دف‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   
‫ض‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دف‬ ً  .‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ 
‫}ﯜﯝ‬:‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫و‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬    ‫س‬ ‫و‬  ،1({‫ﯞﯟﯠﯡﯢﯣ‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ،‫و‬‫س‬ ‫س‬  ‫وه‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫دف‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬‫سو‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫س‬‫و‬
‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬

 ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫د‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫اأ‬ Q‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫س‬
‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫دف‬ ‫إن‬ ،ً ‫إ‬ .‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬
 ‫سا‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ز‬  ،‫ ًا‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬
.‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
ٍ  
 ،R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ان‬   ‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫إن‬
‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫�ض‬
‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫دف‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ا‬‫سا‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫دف‬ ً ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ى‬‫ا‬
،‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫سو‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬   ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫سر‬ 
.111 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬ 1(
11
 ‫ق‬
‫م‬
‫ذ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬‫أ‬   ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
[28/04/1365] .‫ى‬‫د‬
  ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬  ‫؟‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬  ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫سوؤ‬
‫و‬   ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ق‬‫أ‬ 
‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ 

‫؟‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ر‬   ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬
‫ح‬   ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫اك‬ ،‫رت‬ُ   ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬
  ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ُ ‫ا‬
‫س‬
‫د‬‫س‬
 ‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬ .‫�س‬ ‫أن‬  
،ً ‫د‬
ٌ


‫ون‬ ‫ذ‬    ،‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ .‫سر‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ 
‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫اج‬ .‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ُ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬    ‫اأ‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬   ،R‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬   ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�س ًة‬‫ا‬
‫أي }ﯱﯲﯳ‬    
 ‫دف‬ ‫أن‬  ‫أ‬
‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬
ٍ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬  R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ،1({‫ﯴ‬

 ‫د‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ،‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬
ّ
ٍ 
‫سر‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ان‬   ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ َ  ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
 ،‫ر‬ )‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬( ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬
 ُ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬
 ‫ر‬‫اأ‬   ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫د‬  ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬

.164 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ 1( ‫س‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
12
‫ام‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫اء‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫رت‬ ،   R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ،‫وك‬
.‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫رت‬  ‫د‬ .R‫ري‬‫س‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬

‫سا ٌن‬‫إ‬ ،‫د‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬
ٍ  ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 250 ‫د‬  ‫رت‬ ‫س‬   ،R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
.1(»‫د‬ ٌ ‫و‬  « ،‫�س ًا‬ ‫�س‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 250 ‫ـ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫رت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ون‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫وه‬   ‫د‬
ٍ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬
‫ون‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ا‬ 
ٍ ‫أي‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ره‬ ‫سان‬
ٍ ‫وم‬  ‫د‬
.‫سنة‬ 250 ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫اك‬ ‫اأن‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ره‬  ً ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬ 
ٌ  ‫سان‬‫إ‬
‫ة‬  ‫د‬ ‫دف‬
ٍ    ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 250 ‫ـ‬ ‫ة‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ 
.‫ة‬ ‫ات‬ ‫د‬
‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫أن‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬

‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  :‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ، ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬
ٍ  ‫د‬  ‫و‬‫س‬ ، ‫س‬ 
‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ،
 ‫م‬‫س‬‫اإ‬ .)‫ا‬( ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ،
ُ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ،‫آن‬‫ر‬
 ،‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫�س‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ،
‫ز‬

‫سوي‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬

‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬  .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�س‬
‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ، ‫وؤ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫وب‬ 
.‫ه‬‫و‬  ‫وه‬‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ح‬‫ر‬    ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ 
.417‫ض‬ ،2‫ ج‬،‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ،Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬ 1(
13
 ‫ق‬
‫م‬
 ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫اك‬   ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ 
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫�س‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬
،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬   ‫ف‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  .‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�س‬    ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬‫ا‬ 
‫و‬‫ر‬ ُ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬‫س‬ ،   ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ون‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫سان‬ 
 ‫ان‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ُ .‫ ًا‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫و‬‫ر‬
‫آن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ذي‬  - ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ُ ‫دت‬‫سو‬ ‫د‬ ، ‫د‬
 ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬  ‫ر‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ُ ‫د‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫دث‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ . ‫د‬
. ‫د‬  ‫ان‬‫س‬  ‫وؤ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ذه‬    ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ُ
‫س‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ُ ‫أن‬  ‫د‬  ‫ان‬‫س‬ َ ‫وؤ‬ ‫اب‬
ٍ  ‫ون‬ ‫و‬ 
‫ر‬ ‫سرب‬  ‫ذي‬   ‫د‬  ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫؟‬ ‫د‬  ‫ان‬‫س‬
 ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬  ‫�س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ز‬  ‫س‬  ‫ا‬  ‫سا‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫؟‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
ٍ  ‫أي‬  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬
‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬ .‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬


‫ى‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أن‬    ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،P 
 ‫ث‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬
‫ان‬ .‫ر‬ ‫س ًة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ه‬‫سو‬    ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫دي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ 

‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬ 

.‫ر‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ،‫آن‬‫ر‬
‫و‬  ‫د‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ،R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ر‬
‫اء‬ ‫اء‬   ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫رت‬ُ   ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫ا‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
14
‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ط‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ 
‫و‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ 
.‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬   ‫ا‬
‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫؛‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ ٌد‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫إن‬

‫ذ‬  ،‫و‬‫اأ‬  ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬  
 ،‫ام‬  ‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬  ،‫اء‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬

ٍ ‫ام‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬  ‫ون‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬ ‫�ض‬    ‫أن‬ 

‫د‬ ‫�ض‬  ،‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬  .‫س‬ ‫ام‬  ‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
   ‫ر‬‫اأ‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬ ‫اب‬  ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫سو‬ ‫سو‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬
‫د‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬
ٌ    ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ،‫س‬ ‫و‬‫إ‬
 ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫اإن‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ام‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ً  ‫و‬
‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ذ‬،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
 ،  .‫س‬‫إ‬
   ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬   ُ   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬

 ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ،‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬  ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ٍة‬  
 ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬  ‫�ض‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ،P

 ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ان‬  ،‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ‫س ًا‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ 

 ‫سان‬‫ر‬  ‫اك‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ - ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ 

‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ،‫ان‬‫س‬‫ر‬  ،‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ف‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ساب‬
‫ا‬

‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  P
  ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ف‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬
 ُ   ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬  ُ ‫ا‬ ً ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬
  ‫ا‬    ،‫ت‬‫ا‬   ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬
15
 ‫ق‬
‫م‬
‫ان‬ ‫د‬ . ‫�سو‬ ‫أن‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫و‬‫اأ‬

.R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫ذ‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ 
‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬‫س‬     ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ة‬‫ا‬

.‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬   ‫ان‬‫ز‬  ‫س‬
 ‫ذ‬  ‫إن‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫؟‬‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬ 

،‫ ًة‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬ ،‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ 
 ‫ر‬‫أ‬   .‫ون‬  ،‫ده‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سون‬ 
 ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬‫د‬ 
 ‫س‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫س ًا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬
‫أن‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ َ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ً ‫و‬ ‫ة‬
،‫ر‬ ‫وب‬‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ساب‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬
ٌ
‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ض‬ 
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ . ‫ام‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬
‫ ًا‬‫و‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫س‬

‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ة‬‫�س‬   ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫أي‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬  ،ً ‫ر‬ ‫ ًة‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
.‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ٍ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ان‬  ‫اإن‬ ،‫ا‬‫و‬
 ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬
:‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫سر‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ا‬  ‫أن‬    ‫ض‬‫سا‬ ‫ط‬‫سر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ :‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬
‫ات‬‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬

‫ا‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬  ،‫رب‬  ‫اه‬  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫وك‬‫س‬
.‫س‬‫إ‬


‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
16
‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫و‬  ‫ض‬‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ :‫ا‬
 ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ً ‫ر‬ ً  ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫س‬‫اأ‬ 
.‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬
 
‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫سو‬ R ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫و‬
‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫اإ‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬  ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫سر‬
 ‫و‬‫ا‬
 ‫اإ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬  ‫ون‬‫د‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬

ٍ ‫ون‬‫و‬

‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬  ‫و‬ ‫أي‬ .‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ً  ‫ون‬‫ز‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫و‬‫ذ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬

 R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ .‫ذ‬ ‫و‬   
‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ، ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬Q ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬
‫ى‬  .‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ساك‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ات‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
ّ ‫أي‬  ‫اك‬
‫ذه‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬
ٍ   ،‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬    ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ .ٌ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬
،Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
.‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬    ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ساأن‬
‫د‬‫سو‬ ‫ذه‬    ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اإن‬
‫ ًة‬   ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬‫و‬   ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬  ‫و‬‫و‬
.R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ُ 
‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫سو‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ،‫د‬‫اأ‬‫ا‬ . ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬
. ‫ى‬
،‫سر‬ ‫سو‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫إ‬  ‫ى‬
‫اإن‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫ى‬ُ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬
17
 ‫ق‬
‫م‬
‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫أ‬ 
‫ان‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫ز‬ ‫ساك‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬

 ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ .‫ ًا‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫وم‬   ‫سا‬  ‫س‬
[23/01/1364] .R‫ة‬
 ‫أ‬
 ‫ا‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ع‬‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫إن‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫و‬  ‫ز‬‫أ‬ 
‫و‬
‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬

‫وم‬ ‫ون‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
‫ض‬
   ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬    ،‫ر‬‫آ‬  ‫أ‬
 ‫س‬
ٍ ‫اأي‬  ‫سو‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫�س‬‫ا‬ . ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬
،R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬    ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ذ‬ .‫ذه‬  ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ 
Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ا؛‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬« :‫و‬  ‫اإ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
،‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫اج‬
 ‫اع‬   ،»‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ P‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫إن‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬
،‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ‫ان‬  « ،‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫و‬ ‫ده‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اإن‬
 ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬    ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،1(»   ،  
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ،‫ا‬
‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬
.‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬‫ز‬   ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫أ‬  ،‫اء‬   ،  ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫س‬‫ا‬  ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬
.466‫ض‬ ،4‫ ج‬،‫ا‬ 1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
18
‫إ‬ ‫ون‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ن‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ‫ى‬  ‫إ‬  ،‫اء‬
‫ا‬   ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫؟‬‫سا‬ ‫ون‬
‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ،‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ ُر‬‫س‬  ‫سري‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ،‫اء‬
 ‫ون‬‫د‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫اء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫اء‬  ‫ا‬
‫اء‬  ،‫ت‬‫اء‬  ‫ذه‬   
 ‫وم‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬
   ‫أ‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬
ٍ ‫اأي‬  ‫ض‬ٍ ‫ر‬  ‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ 
 ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫اء‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ع‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫اء‬  ‫أي‬  ‫اك‬
‫ذي‬  ‫ى‬  ‫و‬ ،‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ 
[02/11/1366] .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫وم‬ ‫د‬‫س‬
} ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫لأو‬ ‫ف�ص‬
P‫ع‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬
ّ
.‫سحو‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ❊
.‫سل‬‫إ‬
 ‫ظام‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ❊

.‫سل‬‫إ‬
 ‫ظام‬  ❊


‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ 
 ‫إن‬

َ ُ  .‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬ 
‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫سو‬
‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
ٍ
 
،ً ‫د‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬   ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ ٌء‬‫سو‬ .‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬   ‫و‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬    ‫أم‬
،‫د‬    ،‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ُ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬  ‫رب‬

.‫ض‬‫و‬‫س‬.‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ات‬‫س‬‫ون‬‫ذ‬
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أم‬
   ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬‫إ‬   ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
. ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬    ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫آ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬
‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬   ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬   ‫أم‬
‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬   .‫ده‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ 
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ،P
 ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬  ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٌء‬‫د‬‫أ‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬   ،1(‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ون‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ - ‫ة‬ ‫س‬
‫ان‬‫و‬  - ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وك‬ ‫أم‬ - ‫ون‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ذ‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫ان‬
‫ى‬‫ا‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬  ‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ا‬ P ‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫إ‬
‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ي‬‫سا‬
‫سا‬   ‫اب‬‫س‬

‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫و‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ 
. ‫سا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وي‬  - ‫ر‬ ‫د‬  - ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬ 
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
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 ‫سوب‬ ‫دب‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ان‬ .P‫ا‬
ٍ    ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫د‬‫د‬

P
 ‫وم‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ون‬‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ون‬
،‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫�س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬  P
  ،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  
‫ذ‬ .‫د‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ج‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬   ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫دم‬ 

‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  
 ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ، ‫ام‬ ‫و‬
[05/07/1370] .   ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫و‬‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬P‫ا‬  
‫ة ا‬‫ا‬
 ‫أ‬ ُ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬« :‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ،P ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬
 ،‫دف‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫دت‬ُ ‫ة‬ ‫اإن‬ ،1(»‫ق‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫ا‬
.‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�سا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬
 ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫�س‬‫اأ‬    ‫رء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫و‬
‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .2({‫ }ﮛﮜﮝﮞ‬:ً ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  P

‫ذ‬ ،‫إ‬
  ‫و‬   ‫ى‬ ً ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ P
‫س‬ ‫ان‬ P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫أن‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬
.‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬
- ‫و‬ ‫ز‬  P
 ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ 
‫ات‬‫آ‬  ‫ره‬ ‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ز‬ 
 ‫ان‬ - ‫د‬   ‫د‬  
  ‫ت‬‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ذه‬   ‫اأ‬ ،‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫إ‬
‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬
‫ة‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫�سو‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬
.86‫ض‬ ،10‫ ج‬،‫ان‬ 
.4 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ، ‫سو‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
24
،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫إ‬  ‫إ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬  ‫سوع‬ ‫�سا‬ ، 
 ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ق‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫د‬  
 ً ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ان‬  ،1(»‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬« :‫ا‬ P ‫أ‬
‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ « ،‫أ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬
‫ا‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫وب‬ �‫أ‬ ‫ده‬‫و‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ز‬  ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬
‫ن‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ،ُ  ‫اء‬ ‫ب‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬�‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ز‬ ‫ى‬ ،2(»‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬
.‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ 3({ ‫ }ﭻ‬:‫ا‬
‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ، ‫ر‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫إ‬
  ‫وق‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬
‫ذ‬ ‫سرع‬ ‫د‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬   ‫د‬
‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬
‫اح‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ،‫د‬‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ،‫س‬  ً ‫ا‬ P‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ب‬‫ؤ‬‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ ٌم‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬     ،‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ون‬‫د‬ 
« : ‫س‬  ‫ة‬   Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ .
َ ْ َ‫اأ‬ ْ ُ ْ َ ِَ َ ،‫َا‬ِ ‫ا‬َ ْ ‫ َاأ‬ِ ْ ُ ْ َ
‫د‬ .4(»‫َا‬ِ ِ ‫ا‬َ َ ‫َى‬َ ْَ ‫ا‬َ َ ،‫َا‬ِ 
َ  ٍ َ ِ
 ،‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫اع‬ ،‫ا‬‫د‬ 
 :‫ا‬    ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫و‬      ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫و‬
‫ذ‬   .‫ع‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ ‫ى‬‫أ‬  ‫اء‬‫�س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ت‬‫�سا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ان‬  ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬ ً ‫سر‬ ‫س‬

»‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ــض‬‫ا‬ ‫�س ــ‬‫أ‬ «:P‫ل‬ ‫س ــو‬  ‫د‬ ‫س ــ‬‫أ‬ ،260‫ض‬ ،‫ث‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س ــ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ 1(
.P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫سره‬
.309 ‫ض‬ ،17‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 2(
.1 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ، ‫سو‬ 3(
.2‫ خ‬،‫ة‬  4(
25
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
‫ة‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬   ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ .‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫سا‬
.‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫�سرب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬ P
 ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫د‬
‫إ‬
  ‫و‬  ،‫و‬   ،‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬
ٍ
‫ى‬  ‫ذب‬  ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ P‫سو‬‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ 
 ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ده‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬   ‫ ًا‬‫و‬
.‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ، ‫و‬
   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ َ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬َ ِ ‫ذ‬‫اأ‬
‫د‬ ‫ده‬َ ِ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  
‫ا‬   ‫أ‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬    ‫أ‬ ،‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫وف‬‫و‬      ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬
‫ }ﭑﭒﭓﭔﭕﭖﭗ‬،‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬
‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .1({‫ﭘﭙ‬
 
ٍ ٍ َ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ب‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ده‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫وب‬ 
‫ت‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬
- ‫وم‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ان‬   - ‫ة‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬    ،‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫د‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫س‬   ‫ر‬‫ر‬
ٍ ‫ع‬‫سر‬
ٍ 
‫ا‬‫سو‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫سو‬ ‫رف‬   ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
‫سو‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫ع‬‫سا‬ ، ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫�س‬   ‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬
‫ك‬‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬     ‫أ‬ ‫سات‬‫ر‬   ،‫ا‬  
،125 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
26
 ‫ن‬ ِ‫إ‬َ « :Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬
َ ‫ َر‬َ 
‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ذ‬ .1(»ً‫و‬ُ َ ‫ َو‬ْ َ‫أ‬ ،ً‫و‬ ‫أ‬
ُ  ‫ َة‬ ‫ر‬ َ ْ 
‫ر‬‫ر‬    ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫س‬ 
‫ا‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�سى‬ ،‫اء‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫س‬   ‫ا‬‫و‬‫أ‬ 
‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أن‬ - ‫وي‬
‫د‬
 - ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫سرح‬ 



.‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ ا‬‫ا‬
  ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫اء‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫سر‬  ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  
‫اء‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ذه‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬
‫ }ﭞ ﭟ ﭠ ﭡ ﭢ ﭣ ﭤ ﭥ ﭦ ﭧ ﭨ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ‫ان‬ P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ {‫ى }ﭨ‬ ،2({‫ﭩﭪﭫ‬
‫ ًا‬ ،ً  ً  ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫وب‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬
‫ة‬ ،{ ‫ }ﭩﭪﭫ‬،‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ،‫ ًا‬
،‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬   P
   .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬
‫ذ‬ .‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ان‬ 
‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  .‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬   P
 ‫سا‬
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ان‬  ‫اع‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬

‫و‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ات‬‫ا‬  ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 
 ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬
.‫ر‬‫آ‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬   ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ذ‬ . ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬
.‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫وه‬‫س‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬
.45 ‫ خ‬،‫ة‬ 
.2 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
27
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  P‫رم‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ 
 ‫أن‬  
‫و‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫سا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬    
‫ض‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬ .‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬

‫رك‬  ‫و‬‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬


‫س‬   .‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫سوؤ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ُ ،‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬  ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫د‬َ ِ ً ‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫�س‬ ‫ى‬
ً ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬   !‫سة؟‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫د‬
‫ } ﭸ‬،1({‫ة؟! }ﭑﭒﭓﭔ‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬
  ،‫آن‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫وؤ‬ ‫إ‬ .2({‫ﭹﭺﭻﭼ‬
‫! }ﭑ ﭒ ﭓ ﭔ ﭕ ﭖ ﭗ‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬‫وؤ‬
 ‫س‬ ‫إن‬ ‫؟‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ .3({ ‫ﭘﭙﭚ ﭛﭜ‬
‫ء؟‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬   .  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬
، ‫ء‬‫د‬  ‫وم‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
ٌ  ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬    ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬

‫إن‬  ، ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬ ً ‫سر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬ .‫ ًا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫دف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
 ‫أ‬  ‫و‬ُ ‫د‬ R‫إ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫سى‬
[31/05/1385].‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬


 ‫م ا‬‫ا‬
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫إن‬
 ‫و‬  ،‫سري‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫و‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ُ ،‫ة‬‫د‬ 

‫ذي‬  ‫ساط‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رف‬   ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ز‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ٌق‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫اأ‬ 
.91 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫سو‬
.85 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫سو‬
.25 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫د‬‫د‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
3(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
28
‫ ًة‬‫د‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ، ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ 23 ‫ـ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ذي‬  ،
 ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫سر‬
  ‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ 13  ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫س‬
‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ساء‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬

    ‫ة‬‫د‬  P
 ‫ا‬‫�سا‬
‫سا‬‫إ‬
  ‫ج‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬

 ً ‫ر‬  ‫د‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬  
‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬   ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أي‬ 
‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫س‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫د‬
.‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  P
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫ ًا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ه‬‫سا‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬
‫ي‬‫سا‬
‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬



‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫دف‬   ،‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬
‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫دف‬ ‫ذ‬   P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
‫د‬ ‫ت‬
 ‫ان‬ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬

 ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬َ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ 
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬   ‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬   .‫وب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ P
‫ام‬
 ‫اء‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫د‬ ‫و‬

‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  .‫و‬
‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬

.‫ا‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وط‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ب‬‫ر‬ 
‫ده‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ام‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ج‬‫و‬  P‫ا‬

:‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ان‬ P

‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫وي‬
‫ام‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ :‫ان‬‫إ‬ : ‫أ‬ َْ 

‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬   ‫د‬‫اأ‬ ‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫وب‬  
‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ح‬      ‫أ‬  ً ‫إ‬ .‫ب‬‫سو‬
29
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
P
 ‫سره‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ذ‬
.‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫د‬    ‫ة‬  
‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ان‬   :‫س‬ ‫د‬ :‫ا‬ َْ 
.‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬    ‫ي‬   ‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
‫و‬ ‫وي‬
‫ام‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬   ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫اأ‬ :‫ة‬‫ر‬  :‫ا‬ َْ 

‫ ًة‬‫ر‬   ‫ا ٍه‬  ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫رك‬   ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ 
،‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬   ،‫اء‬
.‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬
  ‫ات‬‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫وي‬
‫ام‬‫ا‬ .‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬‫ا‬ :‫ر‬ َْ 

ُ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ذ‬ 
.‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
.‫ة‬  ‫اآ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سدق‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫ا‬
‫ر‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ :‫و‬‫س‬
‫أ‬
 ‫ح‬‫س‬ :‫س‬‫ا‬ َْ 


‫ ًى }ﭨ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ق‬‫أ‬  
  ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ا‬ ،1({ ‫ﭩﭪﭫ‬
‫اء‬ ً ‫ر‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫وي‬‫ر‬
  P

 ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬
.‫سان‬‫إ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬   ‫وي‬
‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ :‫ز‬ ‫د‬ :‫س‬‫ا‬ َْ 

‫؛‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ه‬‫سر‬‫إ‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ز‬   ،‫ر‬‫آ‬  ‫و‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬
.‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
 ‫دم‬  ‫ساط‬  :‫ا‬ َْ 
‫ام‬   ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  :‫ر‬
‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬  .‫د‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ،‫وي‬

 - ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ -  ‫ذ‬ !‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬  
.164 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫سو‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
30
‫سان‬‫إ‬   ‫و‬  ،‫اق‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ض‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬ 
.‫اع‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ساط‬
‫م ا‬‫ ا‬‫ئ‬‫دع‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ P
ِ
 ‫دم‬
‫ر‬ ‫و‬   ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬  ‫دي‬ ،‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫أ‬
 ‫اع‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ز‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ، ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬
‫أن‬ ‫د‬
. ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬ ‫و‬   ‫وب‬

:‫د‬   ،‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫اج‬
.‫ا‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫د‬ ‫و‬  :ً  ‫أ‬
‫ز‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ P
   ‫د‬
‫سر‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬
‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬   ‫ا‬‫�سا‬‫أ‬  
‫سد‬ ‫م‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫اه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫د‬
‫ض‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬   ‫ة‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬    
.‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬
‫اء‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫�سر‬
 :‫ ًا‬‫ا‬

‫د‬ .‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ا‬

‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ة‬   ‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬ P
 ‫سر‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ ـ‬‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة ـ‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬   ‫سر‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
P
 ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫رب‬  ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫وب‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫س‬   P‫ر‬  
31
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
‫ة‬ ،‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ،‫سر‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬  P
   ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫س‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذت‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  .‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬
‫د‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
.‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫سرح‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬   - ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ P
 ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
   ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ - ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ »
 ‫ة‬‫د‬«  ‫س‬ُ  »‫رب‬« ‫بـ‬
.‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫وب‬ ‫ذب‬    ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬
 ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬  -‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ P
 ‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬   ‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫سوق‬ ‫ان‬ - ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫سر‬ ‫سة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬‫آ‬  ‫ا‬ ،P
 ‫�س‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫وم‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬
 ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
‫سوق‬  ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ P
  ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬
‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫سر‬ .‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫وب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ 
‫ة‬  ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اأن‬ ‫و‬‫س‬
‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ، ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وع‬  ‫د‬
‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬   
،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫دت‬   ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫وب‬  ً ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬
‫اف‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ع‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رج‬
‫ان‬‫ز‬  ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫اق‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫دم‬  ،‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬
.‫سر‬ ‫ا‬  ً ‫و‬ ‫دث‬ ‫وب‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ا‬ ،
‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬ 
.‫س‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫س‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�ساء‬ ،‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ر‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
32
 ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫اق‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫أ‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ام‬  ً ‫زء‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ - ‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ان‬‫ز‬
،P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رف‬  ‫س‬   
. ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬
  ‫ا‬  .‫ة‬‫د‬    ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬   P
 ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫ ًة‬ ‫د‬  ،‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫و‬ ، ‫أ‬  P‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ً ‫ا‬ ،P‫ َر‬ُ  ،‫د‬
‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ه‬ ‫ده‬‫س‬ ،‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫؛‬‫د‬ ‫ ٍة‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬   ،‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ،‫ق‬‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ره‬‫س‬ ،‫رب‬
.‫س ًا‬ ، 
 ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬‫ا‬ !‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫س‬   ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ ً ‫ر‬  ‫د‬ -  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫رك‬
‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سا‬   ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫د‬ ‫ساح‬
‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬  .P‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
‫و‬ ‫سة‬
   ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬    ،‫ان‬‫أ‬
 ‫س‬  ً ‫سر‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫و‬
‫سا‬ ‫أن‬ 



‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ P‫د‬  ‫د‬ !‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ !‫ر‬
.‫ة‬‫د‬
P ‫ع‬‫ك ا‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اط‬‫أ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ 
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫و‬ ،‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫�س‬
 ‫اء‬‫أ‬
‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ...‫ج‬‫ز‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
33
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
‫و‬« :P‫ا‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ :‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫اب‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ،‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬  .1(»‫و‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
  ،‫ك‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ :‫ا‬ P
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬
.»‫و‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬« : ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ،P   ،‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬
  
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ،
 ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫وت‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ه‬‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ P
 ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫م‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬  ‫ذ‬ 
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬« :P‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ !‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬ :‫و‬‫ا‬
 ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،»‫و‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬
‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬ 
   ‫د‬ ‫سا‬ ْَ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ،ً ‫ر‬
،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ 
‫وب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
 ‫وب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫اإ‬

 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫وه‬ P


 ‫اث‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
‫و‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬  ُ ‫ا‬ ،2( ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ P
  
  ‫�س‬‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫د‬   ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ساب‬‫أ‬ 

‫اء‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬‫ز‬ 
‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫دم‬ 

‫و‬ .‫ذ‬ ‫ون‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ا‬
‫سري‬‫أ‬
 

،‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬
‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬  P

‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬   ْَ ،‫ا‬ ‫ات‬  ‫أي‬ 
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ P
 ‫و‬  ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ...‫ه‬‫و‬
.‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫�ض‬‫و‬ ‫و‬    ، ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫ر‬
 P ‫ساأ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ي‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
 ‫وب‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬

‫د‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  ،‫ا‬‫سا‬
.110 ‫ض‬ ،19‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 1(
.121‫ض‬ ،‫ ن‬.‫ م‬2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
34
  ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬
‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬




  ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬   ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫اء‬ ‫�سر‬ ‫�س‬  ‫ض؛‬‫ا‬ 
،‫ا‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ P   .‫د‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬
‫اإن‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫و‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،‫و‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫س‬ 
.‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫أب‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ P

، ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫أ‬  P
 ‫ان‬ ،‫د‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
،‫ ًا‬‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬    .‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ 
‫و‬‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ،P   ‫س‬ ‫رق‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ ًا‬ ً  ‫ان‬ 
‫ذ‬ !‫؟‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ :‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ذ‬  ‫�ض‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬ 
.‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬   ‫و‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ،
 ‫أي‬  ‫ر‬   ‫أ‬ -‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ - P
 ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
. ‫ة‬‫سا‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬    ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ،‫س‬‫س‬
‫رء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ .‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ،P ‫إ‬ 
‫ة‬  ‫ر‬  ‫أي‬  ‫ك‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫اء‬‫ذ‬ ‫اه‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬      ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬  ‫ء‬  ‫ة‬
  ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫إن‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ .‫إ‬
  ‫و‬  ‫د‬‫ر‬  ‫إ‬ ً ‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫إ‬ .‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬  ‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫ن‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ً ‫و‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬
‫أن‬   ،‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫د‬   ‫اإ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬   ‫سة‬ ‫رء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬  ‫د‬
.‫ة‬ ‫ات‬‫سا‬
‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ،‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ساء‬‫إ‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  
‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬   ‫ا‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫أي‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
35
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
‫ر‬‫�س‬ ‫و‬ ‫اع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫سة‬‫ا‬
‫ع‬

 ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رن‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اءت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬
‫د‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سة‬
  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫سة‬
 ،‫ا‬ 
:‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ث‬ ‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ P
 ‫و‬
‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫أ‬
  ‫ى‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ :‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫اح‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬   ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬
  ‫ى‬ ،‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬
‫�سون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬   ‫ى‬
‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬  :‫ة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ى‬ ‫اب‬
  ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ع‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  .‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬
‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫اإ‬
‫سون‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ، ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫اأ‬
.‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬   ‫ان‬ ‫وق‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫�سر‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫د‬  ‫و‬‫و‬  ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ :‫ة‬‫ا‬
P
 ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ون‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫د‬
‫و‬ ‫د‬ .‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ،P‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ان‬‫س‬  ‫س‬
P ‫سر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  P

 ‫ات‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫رم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬ 
.
‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫�س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫د‬‫أ‬

.‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬    ‫ا‬   ‫د‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
36
ً ‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ،   ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫سا‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ 
  ‫د‬
P
‫وك‬‫س‬
 ‫ة‬ ،‫ات‬‫د‬ ،‫ات‬‫ز‬ ،‫ت‬‫ا‬ :‫ا‬

‫ ًا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬    ،‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ 
‫ا‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ث‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬    ً ‫س‬

.‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
‫د‬ .‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ض‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫ات‬  
‫ذه‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سا‬‫اإ‬ P
.‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬


‫و‬‫س‬  ‫و‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ض‬  ‫ى‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬ .‫د‬  ‫ت‬‫ر‬
‫سا‬ ‫س‬ .‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫�سو‬ ‫د‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ .‫س‬‫و‬
ٍ
 ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬
‫ى‬ ‫�سى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫اء‬ ‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫سر‬‫أ‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫و‬
‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫ده‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ P‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
 ‫ا‬   ،‫ان‬ ‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫م‬‫د‬
‫سرف‬ ‫س‬ ‫سوت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬
ً  

‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اط‬‫ا‬ .‫س‬  ‫ا‬
‫رك‬ ‫أن‬  ، ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬  ‫د‬  P ‫أ‬  ‫و‬ .‫ر‬  ‫ل‬
.‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬    ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫وب‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ 
‫م‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ح‬

: ‫ر‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬
.‫ام‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ساء‬‫إ‬ :‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
 ‫اك‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ 
 ‫ام؛‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ :‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬

‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫أ‬
  ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬
 ‫اع‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ P
 ‫د‬   ‫و‬ .‫ءه‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ز‬‫س‬ ،‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬ 
‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬

.‫ا‬‫س‬   ‫د‬   ،‫سد‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ساء‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬   ‫إ‬ ‫ه؛‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ :‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
.‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ 
‫ة‬  ‫إن‬ .‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫�س ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
،‫ا‬‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬  ‫ذ‬    ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ساء‬‫إ‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ذ‬
.‫ة‬ ‫ر‬  ‫س‬‫و‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬
‫م ا‬‫اء ا‬‫أع‬
:
  ‫ذ‬ ‫سون‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫اف‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سة‬ ‫ر‬ P
 ‫ان‬
‫ا‬ ‫دم‬   ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫و‬ :‫أ‬  ‫د‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
38
‫؟‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬  . ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬   ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ض‬  
‫سر‬ ‫سة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة؛‬‫د‬‫ا‬    ‫ة‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫سر‬ ‫أ‬
‫و‬‫س‬ P
 ‫ان‬ ‫إ‬ .‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ع‬ ‫آ‬
ٍ  ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ح‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ْَ  ‫د‬‫ا‬  ،P ‫ذ‬ ،‫سا‬
‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬  ،‫أي‬‫ر‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫د‬
‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ز‬ P
 ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬
‫سر‬‫أ‬    ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫رق‬ ‫ساأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫و‬ ‫د‬  ‫م‬‫ز‬
 ،‫ا‬‫سر‬ P
 ِ ْ َ  ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ُ ‫ا‬ .‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬  َ
‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬ ،‫ا‬‫سر‬  ‫س‬  ‫سر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬
‫ة‬‫اإ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬  ‫ح‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ام‬‫و‬  ‫ى‬‫اأ‬ ‫ذ‬ 
.‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬  P
‫اء‬‫د‬

  ‫أن‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
‫و‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬   ‫ة‬  ‫و‬ :‫ا‬  ‫د‬
‫ف‬‫سر‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬  ،‫ة‬   ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫اأن‬  ‫ى‬ P
 ‫ان‬ .‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬
‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ ًا‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،  ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬
‫ذ‬ ،  ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬  ‫اإ‬ ‫وه‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ P

‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ،‫ة‬  ‫سد‬      ‫د‬
‫د‬ . ‫و‬‫ا‬   ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫ات‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫د‬ 
‫ى‬ ‫سر‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ P
  ‫ض‬‫ر‬ 
[28/02/1380] .‫ا‬
39
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ن‬‫سر‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬
  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫س‬
‫اع‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬   ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ر‬‫ا‬
.‫ة‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سام‬  ‫ ًة‬‫آ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫�سا‬
،‫س‬ ‫رب‬ ‫دي‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ 
.‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫اع‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ٍ ‫و‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬
‫اع‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫اف‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬
‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫�سى‬ ‫ل‬  .‫ر‬‫ذ‬ُ ‫اع‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬    
‫ }ﮦﮧﮨﮩﮪﮫﮬ‬،‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ــا‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫س‬ 
‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ــان‬ ‫د‬ .1({‫ﮭﮮﮯﮰﮱﯓﯔ‬
‫اأن‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫و‬    ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ن‬‫سر‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬
‫سا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ون‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫ ـ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ 
‫ر‬ ‫د‬  
  .‫سام‬  ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬
‫و‬ ‫س‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫رت‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬‫أ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .ً ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫د‬ُ ‫ ٍة‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫س‬ ‫؟‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫س‬
‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬
‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ ـاإن‬ .2({‫ }ﯕﯖﯗﯘﯙﯚ‬،ً ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫د‬
3(
{‫ }ﯟﯠﯡﯢﯣﯤﯥ‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  
 ‫أن‬
‫وم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬   ‫أ‬ .  ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬
‫أ‬ ‫ة؟‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫و‬  ‫ى‬ ‫�ساء‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
.7 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬
.7 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬
.8 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
3(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
40
‫؟‬1({ ‫ة }ﭮﭯﭰﭱ‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬  
‫ة؟‬‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬   ‫أ‬
‫؟‬‫ر‬
ٍ ‫أي‬   ‫؟‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ى‬
‫ذه‬ ‫سا‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ن‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬   ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫و‬ ‫سوف‬ 
 ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
ّ  ‫ ًة‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬  ،‫س‬ ‫س‬
‫ر‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ 
ٍ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،‫وم‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ذ‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬

‫و‬ ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬
 ‫أن‬
‫ري‬ ‫أن‬   ‫إ‬  ‫اء‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ك‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬
‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬ ،‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ي‬‫ر‬
‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬،‫و‬‫سر‬‫ى‬‫إ‬
 ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫س‬‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫اإ‬.‫أ‬
 

‫ر‬  ‫ان‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫�س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫رك‬ 
‫ان‬
ٍ   ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫و‬  ‫سو‬ ‫سا‬ ‫أن‬
‫د‬ ،‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬   ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬  
‫ض‬ ‫س‬   .‫ا‬

‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬  ‫اأ‬  ، ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬  
 ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬   ،      ،‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ ٍة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ره‬ 
‫ان‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ء‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫اع‬‫إ‬ ،‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ 
 ٌ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫د‬   ،‫ر‬ ‫ات‬  ‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫م‬‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .2({‫د }ﯟﯠﯡﯢ‬   ‫ى‬ ‫ذه‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬
‫أن‬ ‫أ‬   ، ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬   ‫د‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬
[11/07/1359] .‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫و‬ ‫�س‬ ‫و‬‫و‬

.143 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫سو‬
.8 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
41
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
‫ة‬   ‫ل‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫إ‬
  ‫سر‬  ‫ان‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬
 ‫د‬   ‫و‬    ‫اإ‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫دي‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ،‫س‬
 .‫د‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬   ‫أن‬
،‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫سر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬  ،‫سر‬ ‫و‬‫ز‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ى‬  ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ً  50 ‫ـ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ة‬‫سر‬
‫و‬‫ر‬ ،‫ا‬   ‫و‬   ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ، ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اف‬‫أ‬
 .‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  
 ، ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ،  ‫د‬ ‫س‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬
 ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫د‬
‫ة‬ ‫ان‬  ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫رق‬ ، 
 ‫د‬ .‫س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫دم‬ ‫س‬
‫ه‬‫سا‬  ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫زم‬ُ  ‫وم؛‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬
‫ز‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ء‬‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
ٍ  ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫و‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ .‫ء‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬
‫د‬  ،‫سر‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ن‬‫سر‬‫س‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫سد‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
 ،‫ة‬‫�سر‬   ،‫ث‬ ‫سا‬  ‫ت‬‫ا‬   ‫رت‬ ‫أن‬
: ‫ا‬  ‫ث‬ ‫سا‬

.‫س‬
‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ،{‫ }ﮇﮈﮉ‬:ً  ‫أ‬
،‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫أي‬ ،{‫ }ﮆ‬:‫ ًا‬‫ا‬
.‫د‬‫إ‬
‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬    ،3({‫ }ﮊ‬:‫ ًا‬‫ا‬
.‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬  ‫سوؤ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
.152 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫سو‬
3(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
42
 ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫أ‬  ‫رت‬   ‫ث‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬
 
‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬  ‫و‬

‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ،‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬

[19/02/1359] .‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫د‬  - P
 ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫س‬   ‫ك‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫دق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬   ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬  ‫س‬  - ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ 
 ،‫ر‬  ‫ه‬‫سا‬‫أ‬  ‫ات‬ ‫�س‬ P
  ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
 .  
 ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ٌ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬  ،  ‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬
‫دق‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ P
 ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬
‫ر‬‫س‬   ‫ان‬ .‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬   ‫ة‬
  ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ون‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬
‫ك‬ ‫ر‬   ،‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫اخ‬ ‫�سان‬
P
 ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ام‬
 ‫ان‬ .‫سا‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫دب‬ 
 ‫اه‬‫أ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫اه‬   ‫دق؛‬ ‫ر‬  ً  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ P‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ز‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اق‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬
‫ك‬‫سا‬ ‫ان‬  ، ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬‫اإ‬ ‫ه‬‫�سو‬ ‫س‬
  . ً ‫د‬ ‫اء‬
‫ز‬ ‫سو‬ ‫دق‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
.‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ً ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ُ�س‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫اط‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬
  ‫ك‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ،‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫اأن‬ P
 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ة‬  ‫و‬ ‫و‬
 ‫س‬  ‫اء‬ ‫د‬ ،‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
.‫ا‬  ‫ة‬
‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 P
 ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬   ‫ام‬ ‫د‬
‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ - ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫س‬   ‫اء‬‫أ‬ - ‫ا‬  ‫ون‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬  - ‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫رم‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ P

43
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
 ‫دم‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫سا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫س‬‫اأ‬
  ‫و‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫؟‬‫و‬‫و‬  ‫؟‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ره؟‬‫س‬
‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫ا‬  ‫اح‬‫س‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ر‬  ً ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫؟‬‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫رم؟‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ى‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ P
 ‫رف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬  .ً ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫و‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬  ‫و‬‫ر‬ِ ُ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬  ،‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬
‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫رت‬ ‫و‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ُ  ‫ة‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬     ‫أ‬  P
 ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
:‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫رح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ــى‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫س‬  ‫ــان‬ .‫ب‬‫و‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ر‬  .1({ ‫} ﭑﭒﭓﭔﭕ‬
‫و‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬  .‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫د‬
.‫وم‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫ز‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ذت‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ُ  ‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫أ‬ P

‫دم‬  - ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أي‬ -  ‫ام‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫�ض‬ ‫ا‬ 
P
 ‫د‬   ‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬   P
 ‫و‬
‫ر‬‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  P
 ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫ى‬ ‫س ًا‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ . 
‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫اك‬  ً ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫د‬
.‫آن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫آ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫وه‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ان‬  ،‫د‬
‫و‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫و‬  :‫ا‬  ‫د‬
 ‫و‬    ،‫ة‬‫د‬  P
 ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫�ض‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سو‬  ً ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫ذ‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
P
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬

 ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬
 ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ‫دم‬  ‫د‬ .‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬
،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫اف‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫ي‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ 
.1 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ، ‫سو‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
44
‫و‬‫ا‬ ،  ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫ض‬‫اأ‬ ‫ون‬‫ز‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫د‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬
 ً  ‫د‬ ‫ون‬ 
،‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫س‬ P
 ‫ان‬ .‫ ًا‬
 .‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬   
‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬    ‫إن‬  ،‫ات‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬  P
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا ِأت‬
. ‫ي‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ P
 ‫ا‬ ً ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ث‬
‫ء‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬
 P
 ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫اع‬ ‫و‬ :‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬
.‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫سة‬
 - ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ P
 ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬‫�س‬ ‫و‬  :‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬  P
 ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ - ‫ة‬ 
.‫و‬
‫اء‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬ P
  ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬  :‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
 ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ى‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫رم‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
 ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬   ،‫دق‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫س‬‫ا‬
‫س‬
 ‫و‬   ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،P
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫وف‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬   ،P
  ‫د‬ 
‫ا‬    ‫ة‬
  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬   ‫ة‬  ‫دق‬ ‫ر‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬   ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬‫أ‬
.  P
 ‫و‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬‫د‬  ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ر‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ذه‬ P‫سو‬‫ر‬  ‫اء‬‫أ‬  
P‫اأ‬ ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ،ً ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫ت‬ - ‫ض‬‫ر‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬   ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  
ٍ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ر‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اح‬‫أ‬  P‫ام‬ ‫د‬ - ‫ا‬   ‫س‬‫ا‬
‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬   ‫د‬    ،‫ض‬‫ر‬
45
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
.‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ P ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،P‫رم‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬ ‫دق‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬
،‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ع‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬ P
 ‫ى‬ ‫س‬
‫سة‬
ٍ ‫د‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬    ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫و‬ ‫و‬

 P
 ‫إن‬  .‫ر‬  ‫سات‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫سر‬
.‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫ى‬  ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  P
 ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ذ‬
،‫ر‬‫�س‬   ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫�س‬  ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ - ‫س‬ ‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ق‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫رن‬ ‫سر‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ر‬‫د‬   - ‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ً ‫د‬ P
 ‫�ض‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬    .‫ة‬‫ا‬
.‫و‬ ‫�سو‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫أ‬  ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ 
‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫سون‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ون‬‫ا‬  :‫ر‬  ‫د‬
 ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫و‬ ‫وؤ‬  ‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬‫آ‬ ‫ذ‬  
‫د‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫ن‬‫د‬   ‫؛‬ ‫د‬  ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ن‬‫ز‬ 
  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ P

 ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫و‬  ‫ز‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ان‬   ،ً ‫د‬‫أ‬   ‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬

‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫وث‬    
‫ر‬  ‫د‬  
‫د‬ P
 ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬  
 ُ‫أ‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان؛‬‫إ‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
 ‫ا‬ P‫س‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ره‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬ P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬
  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ P‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬   
 ‫ر‬‫ا‬ P  ‫ان‬ .‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬
.‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ض‬
‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سو‬  ،‫ا‬‫ساء‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ 

 ‫ا‬ ،P
 ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬   ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ 
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
46
‫ج‬‫ا‬‫سر‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫سا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ً ‫ز‬‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫سر‬‫د‬‫س‬‫ة‬‫�س‬
‫ات‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ،‫م‬‫ر‬   ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬   ،‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬

‫ذي‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫دم‬ P
 ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ،P
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫س‬
‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫اآ‬ ‫وؤ‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫وه‬
 ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ل‬

‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫و‬َ  « :‫ا‬ P
 ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
.ً ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬   ‫ة‬‫د‬   ‫ا‬ P‫سا‬  ‫أ‬  .»‫ا‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ P
‫ر‬ ‫س‬   ،‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬
  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬
   ‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫د‬
.‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ P ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬ ً ‫ر‬
‫س‬   ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ :‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬    ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫وؤ‬
‫ذي‬  ‫ق‬‫ز‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫وح‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬
‫ ًا‬‫سر‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  P
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ . ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬  
‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬  ،‫س‬‫ا‬     ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ع‬‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .ً ‫ر‬‫ر‬
   ‫رب‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ذ‬ .‫ر‬‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫ز‬
 ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬� ‫وم‬ ً‫ا‬‫ر‬« :P‫سو‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ، 
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ :‫وه‬‫ساأ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬ 
 .»‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬ ‫د‬ !‫ل؟‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬
‫ }ﭭﭮﭯ‬:‫ر‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫رح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ .1(»‫س‬‫ا‬« :‫ا‬ !‫؟‬
‫ذ‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬  ،‫ون‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬   ‫ذ‬ 2({‫ﭰ‬
،‫ا‬  »‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ «   ‫ض‬  .‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ 
.122 ‫ض‬ ،11‫ ج‬،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬
.125 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
47
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
 ‫إ‬ ‫ض؟‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ .‫ض‬‫ر‬    ‫ ًا‬‫وؤ‬ ‫رء‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬
‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫وح‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ق‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ 
‫د‬  ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اأ‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬  ‫إن‬  
   ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ُ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ .
‫ء‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬‫س‬

‫ذ‬  ‫س‬ ‫رء‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ك‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬   ‫ا‬
.»‫ا‬« ‫س‬  ُ
،‫ان‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫س ًا‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ان‬‫إ‬  ،‫ل‬ ‫س‬  ،‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫و‬
،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬    ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ، ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ }ﮥﮦ‬:‫رح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ .‫ان‬ ‫و‬  ‫ــو‬ ‫اق‬ ‫ــو‬ ‫ذ‬
،1({‫ﮧﮨﮩﮪﮫﮬﮭﮮﮯﮰﮱ‬
:‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬  ‫و‬ .‫ل‬ ‫ات‬‫اآ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫سوء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ك‬
‫}ﮪ ﮫ ﮬ ﮭ ﮮ ﮯ ﮰ ﮱ ﯓ ﯔ ﯕ ﯖ ﯗ‬
 ‫د‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .2({‫ﯘﯙ‬
 ‫اإ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
   ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬



‫د‬    ‫رب‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  .‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ 

.‫أ‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬
ٍ   ،‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  .‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ 
‫ك‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫إن‬ ‫د‬
 ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬

.‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ساأه‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ُ ‫ ٍا‬‫أ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
.‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ P
 ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫و‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫دع‬    ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬‫ا‬ P
 ‫وك‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫ه‬‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬‫ا‬ P‫ان‬ .‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ 
10 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫سو‬
.77 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
48
‫إن‬ .‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬    ‫د‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫ ًا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ك‬‫ا‬
‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫سان‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬  ‫ات‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬
 ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ .‫سا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ 
 ‫دث‬   .‫ ًا‬‫سر‬
 ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫اأ؛‬  ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫دم‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬
‫ان‬   ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ،‫ت‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ 
  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬  ،‫م‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬  ‫وؤ‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سر‬
 ‫ا‬ - ‫ة‬‫�سر‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫دي‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ً ‫د‬
‫و‬  ً ‫د‬   ،‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬ - ‫أ‬

   ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬
‫ذ‬  ،‫ة‬  ‫ا‬   ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ ًء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬   ‫ات‬  ‫أ‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ P‫�ض‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ً   P
   ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫�سو‬
 ‫د‬‫أ‬ 
. ‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ،
‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�س‬ P
 ‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫وم‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬    ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬
   ‫اء‬‫أ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫�سر‬
   ‫ره‬‫سا‬ 
‫ى‬ ‫�س‬
‫أ‬ ،‫زم‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ى‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬  ،‫ا‬
 ً ‫سا‬   ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون؛‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  
‫ه‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫ه‬‫و‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬    ‫وؤ‬  .‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬
‫س ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬  ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اط‬ ‫رع‬ ‫�س‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
  ‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬
‫د‬ ‫؛‬ً ‫د‬ ً  ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫وف‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬  ،‫ا‬  ‫ى‬
‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ « - ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ - Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫سر‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ .‫�س‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬     ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ،1(»‫ل‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ذ‬
‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬   P‫ل‬ ‫س ــو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ « :‫و‬ Q ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ ــو‬ ،191 ‫ض‬ ،19‫ ج‬،‫ ــو‬‫أ‬ ‫ ــا‬ 1(
.» ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رب‬‫أ‬
49
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬
،‫ام‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ات‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬    ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ز‬ ‫ساط‬
   ‫ة‬  ‫ك‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ P
‫س‬
  ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ج‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬   ‫اء‬  ‫اإ‬ ‫؛‬P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬
.P‫زه‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬    ‫د‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬ ،ً ‫ا‬ ً  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫سره‬‫ا‬ ،‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬
،‫ا‬‫ر‬    ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫س‬   ‫و‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ض‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا؛‬ ‫سر‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫وع‬ ‫و‬ 
‫رك‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬  P‫ان‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ P

، ‫ه‬‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬    ‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ا‬
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬ ،‫ة‬  P ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫و‬  ‫ ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬ 
.‫ان‬‫أ‬  
 - ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ان‬‫س‬
 ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ - P
 
   ‫ى‬ ‫وم‬  ‫اط‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ساأ‬‫و‬ P
 ‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬   ‫ا‬
‫سر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ :‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫د‬   ‫ر‬‫ا‬   ‫اء‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬
َ ‫أ‬    - ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫وك‬  ‫ا‬ - ‫سر‬
‫ة }ﮔﮕ‬‫ز‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫ز‬‫ا‬،‫أ‬ .!‫ز‬‫ذه‬‫ا‬
‫و‬‫س‬  ‫إن‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ز‬‫ا‬ ،1({‫ﮖﮗ‬
[28/02/1380].‫ر‬ ‫ت‬
.8 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬
1(
‫م‬
‫ا‬ ‫يت‬

.‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ً ‫د‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إن‬
‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬
 ‫أ‬ :‫د‬ ‫أ‬    ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ 

 ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫رق‬  ‫ر‬
‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫س ًا‬
‫ض‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذي‬ 

‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬
،‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬

‫وم‬   .P
   ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ُ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  Q
 ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬ :‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫س‬ُ ‫ة‬‫و‬  
‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إ‬
  ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،1(»‫و‬ ‫ل‬ « :‫ا‬ ‫ل؟‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬ . 
‫ة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ 
.‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬
  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫اط‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬   ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫وم‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫آ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وي‬‫أ‬  .‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬
. ‫ذ‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫م‬‫أ‬
‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫أ‬    ‫ذي‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
ٌ
.ً   ‫س‬‫أ‬
  ‫سوف‬ .‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫رك‬‫س‬
.82 ‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫س‬‫ر‬ ،‫اج‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اج‬
1(
51
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬

 ،‫ر‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ،P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 .‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫س‬  
ٍ 
‫ل‬  
  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ى‬ ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ري‬‫س‬
‫أم‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أ‬ 


‫ى‬ ،‫ا‬‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬  ُ ‫د‬ .‫دي‬‫ا‬
‫أم‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫أم‬


.1(‫سر‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ، ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬  ،‫ر‬‫ا‬
  ، ‫ا‬  .‫د‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬
 ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬    ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬  ‫ل‬ ‫سو‬
‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬  ً ‫د‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ك‬‫د‬ .‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬  
‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ،‫وم‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬ 
  ‫ون‬‫س‬


‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  

ٍ   ‫أن‬ ،‫ي‬‫ا‬
 ‫أن‬
‫ا‬  ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫اء‬‫ر‬  ‫أ‬  ،
 ‫اق‬  ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ٌ  ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬

.P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫رت‬ُ ‫د‬ ،‫سا‬   ‫ا‬  P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬   ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫دث‬  ً ‫أ‬ .‫ذه‬  ،‫ا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫�ض‬
‫إ‬ ‫إ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ذه‬  ‫ل‬ ‫سو‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ساأن‬ .‫ا‬    ‫ل‬
‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أن‬ ‫رح‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬ 
،‫س‬
ٍ ‫م‬
ٍ ‫رح‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬
ٍ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ٍ‫ا‬   ‫إن‬  ‫أ‬« ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬   ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬
  .‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ 2(»‫ا‬ َ
 ‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫د‬ُ ‫ ٍم‬
‫س ــو‬ ،»‫ت‬‫د‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬« ‫آن‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  .‫ة‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬‫س ــ‬  13 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ 11  ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ ــى‬ ‫س ــ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ ــ‬ُ 1(
.203 ،‫ر‬
.105‫ض‬ ،21‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
52
‫ون‬ ‫اأن‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬
 ‫ا‬   ‫أ‬« ،‫ ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫اإ‬ ،‫ا‬   ‫اه‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬
،1(»‫س‬‫ا‬    ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬
 ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬

 ‫أ‬ 
 ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ 
  ‫أ‬ ‫رح‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .‫س‬ 
،‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬   .‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬
ٍ  ‫�س‬
 ‫أي‬
  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬  ‫أي‬‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬  ‫د‬
‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬  ‫سد‬ْ ُ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬  ‫ى‬   ،‫�سة‬‫ر‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫آ‬ ‫س‬
‫م ا‬‫ة ا‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬  ‫ا‬  P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
  ‫د‬

‫د‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  .‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬

 )( ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ُ‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫إ‬« : ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ا‬ 
 ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دي‬ ‫و‬ �
‫ا‬ ،‫س‬‫و‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬
  ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬
‫ة‬    ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬  ،    ]‫ا‬[
.2(»...‫ا‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫إ‬  ،‫ى‬‫و‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬
 
 ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬
‫رق‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ان‬  ،‫رق‬ ‫ة‬ ‫رق‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫د‬
‫ر‬‫د‬« ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ُ ‫ ٍة‬   P ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬  ‫ا‬ ،»
.412 ‫ض‬ ،2‫ ج‬،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
.415 ‫ض‬ ،2‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
2(
53
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
ُ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ 
‫ى‬ P ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬   ،‫سو‬
ٍ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫و‬
 « ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
ٍ
1(
‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬‫أ‬ »‫ه‬‫و‬ 
 ‫ذ‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬
 
 .
ٍ
 P
 ‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سو‬  ‫أ‬ ُ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬
‫ذه‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ده‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
.‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ 
‫رق‬‫ا‬   ‫س‬‫إ‬
 

 ‫د‬  ‫د‬ - ‫ري‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬ُ  ‫إن‬
‫ذ‬  P
 ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ - ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬    ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ر‬ُ   ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ،‫م‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫سد‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫ن‬‫إ‬
‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اإ‬ ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬  ‫أن‬   ‫أن‬
Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬   ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬
‫أم‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫رن‬ 
‫أن‬  ‫س‬ .‫ر‬

‫د‬  
  ‫سد‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ -  ‫د‬ 
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬   - ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫د‬  ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ - ‫ت‬‫ر‬ 
‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ - ‫س‬‫س‬ Q‫وؤ‬
 ‫ون‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ده‬‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫سو‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬  .‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ 
    ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ،‫سر‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
 ‫س‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫اه‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
.‫ا‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬    ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ 
.420‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
54
،‫ ل‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬

  ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬ ‫ى‬ 
‫ر‬  ‫د‬ . ٌ  ٌ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬  ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ج‬‫و‬‫اأ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬    ‫إن‬ ،‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬  ‫أم‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ 
‫ام‬   ، ‫ة‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫اإ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 25 ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬
،‫ة‬‫س‬‫سو‬ ‫ذه‬ . ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ،‫ر‬ ،‫س‬    ،‫ا‬‫إ‬
   ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ة‬  ‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   - P
 ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ 
‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ - ‫ة‬‫س‬ 25 ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ، ‫ف‬ ‫د‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬
‫س‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬    
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أن‬  .‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ً ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫أ‬

‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬   
.‫ة‬
 ‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ 

‫س‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬
 ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ .‫س‬

 ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬  ‫ذ‬  ،‫ه‬‫أ‬   ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ر‬
‫أ‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ذ‬  ،‫ر‬

.‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫س‬
 ‫اط‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ن‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ 
  ‫اه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬  P‫رم‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬   ،‫ر‬ ‫س‬
55
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
 ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫سر‬
 ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ك‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫د‬   ‫ر‬ ‫س‬

‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬
 ‫أن‬  ‫ذي‬  
‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬‫�س‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬
.‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ ًا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬

‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وم‬ ‫س‬  ‫اج‬ .‫ ًا‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ‫رق‬ ‫ن‬ ،
  ‫أ‬
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ . ‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫أ‬ ‫وؤ‬
‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬
 - ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ن‬‫و‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬ -  ‫ون‬‫س‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫ذ‬  .
‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫ذي‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ذ‬ .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ة‬  
 ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬    ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬
[23/05/1366] .‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫�س‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫س‬
‫م ا‬‫ ا‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫إن‬
‫اء‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رك‬  P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫وث‬  ،‫د‬
  ‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫�سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬

‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ؤ‬‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ق‬
 
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬‫ا‬
ٍ ‫س‬‫إ‬
ّ
ٍ
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
56
.‫د‬  ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫إ‬      ،‫و‬  ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
 ،   ٍ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
  ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ض‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬
‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫�س‬ .‫د‬  ‫د‬ ‫ ًو‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ُ  ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ام‬ ‫رم‬‫أ‬
  ‫إ‬ . ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  P
 ‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬‫أ‬   
 ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ،   ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬  ‫زم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫�سر‬

 ‫ى‬ ‫اظ‬ ،‫د‬‫د‬  ‫اق‬‫أ‬
ً ‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
 ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ،P‫رم‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬   ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ر‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬ 
  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ 
‫ }ﭻﭼ‬:‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬
‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ذه‬ 1({‫ﭽﭾﭿﮀﮁﮂﮃﮄ ﮅﮆ‬
‫ا‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  
 ‫أن‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫س‬ ‫ط‬‫سر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬
،‫ر‬‫د‬  P
‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ،P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬
  ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ .

‫ا‬ ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ر‬  ً ‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬
 
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ح‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ق‬‫أ‬ ،‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬    ‫ان‬
.‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ق‬ ‫وك‬‫س‬ ،‫ز‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬
،‫ ًا‬ ‫إ‬ ً ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ان‬  P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫د‬  ‫ذ‬  
‫تي‬ّ  P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬
.3 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬
1(
57
P‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫صف‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
‫ ًا‬ ‫إ‬ ً ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫و‬    ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ان‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬  ‫ذه‬ .‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ام‬ P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سر‬

  ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬   ،‫و‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫و‬‫ـاأ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ر؟‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ . ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
،‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫سد‬
  
 ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ،‫س‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫دم‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫إ‬  ‫و‬ ‫دم‬
‫د‬  ،‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ساف‬ ،  ‫ر‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ُ ‫د‬ .‫و‬ ‫ض‬  ‫و‬

ٌ   ‫إ‬ .‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫زم‬


    ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ات‬‫س‬‫سو‬  ‫سا‬ Q‫وؤ‬
‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ان‬ ‫ ًا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬

 ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫اء‬‫س‬  ‫سد‬

[18/10/1385].‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬ .Q‫وؤ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ف�ص‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬
.‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ❊
.‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ❊
‫ي‬ ‫ر‬  ‫مام‬
‫م‬‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ب‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫إ‬  ‫سو‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬    ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫سان‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬  ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫اف‬‫س‬‫أ‬
 ‫أي‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫رح‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ .‫ا‬
 ‫ز‬  ‫د‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬
‫ }ﭑﭒ‬  ‫و‬   - ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫أي‬ ‫ح‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬   ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ن‬  ،1({‫ﭓﭔﭕ‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫د‬ ‫ا‬     ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
  ‫ر‬  .‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ Q
،ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ساه‬  ‫ذ‬ُ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫أ‬   ،‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
 ً ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬
‫ض‬‫د‬ ،‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫سا ًء‬
[12/12/1380].‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ز‬
‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬     »‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬« ‫ة‬ ‫إن‬
 ‫ـا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫سد‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ر‬  ُ ‫ا‬


‫ات‬ ‫س‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬  ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ .‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫سوؤ‬
‫ا‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ُ - ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ام‬‫اإ‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬

.12 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫سو‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
62
.‫ ًا‬  ‫أم‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أم‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًء‬‫سو‬ .‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
،‫س‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ري‬
‫اق‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ،P


  ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫إن‬  ،‫سة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذت‬
‫ا‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ف‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫س‬
،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬
ٍ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫�س‬  ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫أي‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬

‫سا‬ ‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫رن‬   ‫س‬ »‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬« ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬

  ‫ري‬
‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫ط‬‫سر‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫س‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ط‬‫سر‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫ا‬‫ء‬‫أ‬ ‫رح‬

‫ى‬ً  ‫و‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬

 ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رت‬ ،‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬  .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬


‫ان‬ -   ‫ا‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬ ‫ط‬‫سر‬  ‫د‬
.‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  
‫ا‬‫�سا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬   - ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬
‫ساأن‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ .‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫ ًة‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬
: ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬
‫ ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬
   ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬


  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ً ‫سر‬
 ‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬ ً ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ،
  ‫ن‬‫اإ‬ ،‫ل‬ 
‫أ‬
 

 َ     ً‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫اإن‬ ‫ذ‬...  ، ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫س‬

،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫رن‬ ‫س‬ ‫رف‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬  ، ‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫رف‬ 

.‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫سا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ون‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫اإ‬ ‫رف‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ - ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ - 
63
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ،‫د‬
‫ري‬
   ‫سا‬‫إ‬


 ،‫ر‬  .  ‫ام‬‫اإ‬  ‫رف‬ُ ‫أن‬   ‫د‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬ ‫و‬
‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫ح‬‫س‬ ‫ري‬‫س‬
‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫إ‬ ‫س‬ 

.‫ض‬‫سا‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫د‬  ‫و‬  ‫أي‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ا ًء‬ ،ً ‫إ‬
‫ض‬  ، ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬
   ‫ة‬‫ا‬
 .‫سا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ق‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬   ‫ون‬ ،‫و‬

 ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ري‬
‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ P


 ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬
   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اج‬ 
 ‫د‬ .‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬ 
‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ .)‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬   ‫ا‬( ،‫ا‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫ء‬
‫ده‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬   ،Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 
 ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬

 ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫أ‬( ‫ده‬  ‫سو‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
.)‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫وع‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬ :‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬  
‫ة‬  
 ‫ذ‬ ،‫د‬
 ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ر‬  ‫أ‬


‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ُ  - ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫�ض‬   ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫و‬
‫ع‬‫سر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫و‬ ‫دم‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ - ‫س‬
‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬


‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫وم‬  ‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬
.‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ل‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ َ ُ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬  
،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س‬
‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ً ‫سر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ،»‫ة‬‫و‬«‫ة» و‬« ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
64
‫ن‬‫سوؤ‬  »‫ة‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬«  ‫س‬
‫ر‬   ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬

 ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫وي‬
‫و‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬  ‫ن‬‫سوؤ‬  ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ .)‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ض‬( 

‫د‬‫ا‬« ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سا‬   ،‫ر‬

.» ‫ري‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ،‫س‬‫أ‬  ،‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬
:‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬
‫سى‬‫و‬  
‫اب‬ 

 ‫د‬ »‫ا‬«  »‫ة‬«
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬
،‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬
.‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫�س‬
،‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ث‬‫إ‬ ،‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬« :‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ساأن‬  ‫ا‬  
Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬ ،‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬ 
، ‫ام‬ ‫د‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬  ،L  ‫ث‬‫ر‬
‫ر‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬  ،‫وؤ‬ ‫ز‬  ،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ح‬
‫ر‬‫و‬ ،‫ا‬   ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬‫ز‬   ‫ام‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬

.»‫ف‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫اء‬�‫إ‬ ،‫ات‬‫د‬ ‫ء‬
،‫ر‬    ،‫ذب‬ ‫اء‬ ،‫ئ‬‫ا‬ « : ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬

 ،  ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫زع‬ ،‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫اب‬
،‫ل‬ ‫رم‬  ‫ب‬‫ذ‬
،‫ل‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ه‬   ،‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬

.1(»‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬  ، ‫ز‬  ،‫د‬ ‫ام‬
‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬   ‫أن‬ :‫ ًة‬‫سر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ٍة‬ 
.200‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
65
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ده‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ Q
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫سوؤ‬  P

1( ً
. ‫�سا‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫د‬‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ 
 »‫اء‬‫أ‬«
 ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫س‬  ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ 2(‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
.3({ ‫ـ }ﮙﮚ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬
‫أن‬ ‫رح‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫ب‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫إن‬
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫وم‬
 .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬  ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  R ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬
‫د‬
 ‫أي‬    ‫ا‬ ،)‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬( 
،‫س‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ ‫أي‬  ،‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬
 ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   R ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬
 ٍ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫وي‬
‫ري‬
‫ام‬
‫و‬ . ‫ا‬
ٍ 


 ‫س‬ ‫ري‬‫س‬
‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫�سا‬
‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫اق‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬

ٍ

[69-74 ، ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬] .‫ة‬‫س‬
Q
‫ة‬‫ة وا‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬    ‫أ‬ ‫ ٌد‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬
‫وع‬ ‫أي‬      ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سو‬ ،‫ري‬‫س‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬

‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ً ‫و‬    ‫ ًا‬  ‫اإ‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ا‬ 

 ،‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫سوح‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬   ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
‫ذ‬..‫و‬  ‫ى‬  ‫د‬ ..‫د‬ ‫ ــر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�س ــ‬‫أ‬   ‫ر‬ :‫د‬ ‫ض‬ ،196 ‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫ ــ‬‫ا‬
.‫د‬ ‫د‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ري‬
.189 ‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
.59 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
3(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
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‫ى‬ ٌ ‫س‬ ٌ  ‫ا‬‫د‬   ‫و‬ . ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫إ‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬
. ‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ،  ‫إن‬ ،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫ض‬ - ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬
 
‫ة‬ ‫و‬  ‫سو‬ ،R‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ً   ‫و‬ ‫ض‬  -  ‫س‬
‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
:‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬
ٍ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ 
   ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬
،
،‫ا‬
   ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫اأ‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬
ٍ
ٍ ‫ان‬
 ‫س‬



  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ات‬
‫ض‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ،‫ز‬
،
،‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬



ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
ٍ    .‫ري‬‫ا‬

[09/05/1366] .‫ا‬ ‫ ٍو‬
‫ن‬‫د‬‫ا‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬  ‫و‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬  
‫ان‬ ‫إ‬   ‫أ‬   ،‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ساك‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬‫ا‬
 R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وم‬  ‫ة؟‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬   ‫اأ‬ ‫ون‬
‫د‬
‫ام‬  ‫و‬ ‫س‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬  ‫و‬    ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬
‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬    . ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬


 ‫د‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬  ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫؟‬ ‫ى‬ ‫إ‬
  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫و‬
  ‫دف‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ :‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ب‬‫و‬
 ‫أ‬ ،P
 ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ . ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫أ‬ 
‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫د‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬  ‫ان‬
‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سوف‬ ‫د‬‫س‬    ‫ى‬
67
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬ ،  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ P
  ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫وه‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬ ‫سى‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ 
ُ
.‫وع‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫سا‬  ‫سا‬ ‫دم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫سوف‬  ‫أ‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ .   ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
 ،‫و‬ ‫ض‬    ،‫�سان‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫سر‬ ‫د‬‫و‬  ‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬
 ‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬ ً ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ،‫�سان‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫سا‬    ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫رج‬‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬  ‫ا‬ ‫؟‬  ‫ك‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ي‬‫ا‬

R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ ‫؟‬‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ ‫ن؟‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬
  .‫سا‬ ‫اف‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬   ‫اأ‬
[23/01/1364].‫ره‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ض‬‫س‬
 ‫ا‬   ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
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‫مام‬ ‫سيرة‬  ‫ح‬‫ر‬
‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  - P
 ‫ر‬  ‫أ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫رت‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬ - ‫ر‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 
.‫س‬  ‫س‬ - ‫ـ‬ 260 ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬  - Q‫ري‬‫س‬
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  ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫وت‬
.‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
.‫ات‬‫س‬‫ام‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫وت‬‫س‬‫ة‬‫ر‬:‫ى‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫ان‬ 
‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫اأن‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫زت‬ 


 ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ،‫ج‬‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫اأ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬
،‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ر‬‫أن‬  ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫د‬‫ات‬‫ا‬
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‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ً ‫د‬‫د‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سد‬  ‫ر‬  

ً ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫و‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬   ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬  .‫ه‬‫و‬
‫أ‬   ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬   ً ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  
 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  - Q‫ا‬
  ‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬   - ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ز‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬

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‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫سى‬‫أ‬  P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬    ،‫س‬‫إ‬


.1(‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫د‬
‫سو‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س ــ‬ ‫رك‬‫أ‬ ‫�س ــو‬ ‫وم‬ ‫إن‬  ‫ا‬« :‫ا‬ P ‫ل‬ ‫س ــو‬  .210 ‫ض‬ ،28‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 1(
‫س‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً ‫س ــ‬    ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫ن‬‫د‬‫س ــ‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ز‬ُ
ِ  ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫س ــ‬‫ا‬  
.»‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫ا‬   Q‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫دي‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫اإن‬ ،
69
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
Q
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 25 ‫ـ‬ ‫دت‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ - ‫ة‬  ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ - ‫ر‬ 11 ‫ام‬ - P‫رم‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ذي‬  ‫اب‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سرح‬ ‫د‬ .‫ر‬ 35
: ‫اء‬  ،‫ا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ه‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ 

‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫د‬ ‫م‬‫إ‬   ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ،‫دي‬ ‫اأ‬«
ً‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫إن‬  P‫د‬   
  �  ‫وت‬  ‫أ‬ 
  ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬ ً‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬
.1(»‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬
 ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ 25 ‫ـ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
 
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬
  ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ت‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ .‫س‬ 
‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬   ُ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬‫ا‬
.‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬  
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬   ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  :‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬
‫سر‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ .Q‫س‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ .Q

 ‫سى‬ُ  ‫سا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫م‬‫آ‬   ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬

‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬    ‫ا‬ 
 ،‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ 
 ‫إ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫اأ‬  ‫م‬‫ز‬  ‫د‬
‫ا‬   ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫زم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬


.‫و‬
.62 ‫اب‬ ،‫ة‬ 
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
70
 ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ،R
‫ن‬‫سر‬
‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫س‬

‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬  .‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ،‫ا‬
 ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ر‬ ‫س ًا‬
‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ذ‬ ،‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫رت‬  ‫أ‬ ‫رب‬
 ‫ة‬‫سر‬
  ‫ ٍة‬‫ا‬ 
ٍ
‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬    ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
. ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫س‬    :‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
. ‫ هـ‬61 ‫سنة‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ،‫ـ‬ 41‫سنة‬ Q‫س‬
‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬   ‫وع‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬  
 ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬
ً ‫و‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬   ،
‫اج‬‫س‬  ،‫سة‬‫ر‬

‫ة‬‫ر‬« ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ،‫ذ‬ ،‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫د‬
.1(»‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬  

. ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬    ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  :‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫م‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ز‬ ‫ت‬‫سا‬
‫د‬‫س‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬ 
ٍ
ٍ 
‫ات‬ ‫ات‬ ‫زج‬ ،‫و‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬
  ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ 

‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ض‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫اآ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ز‬ ،‫ان‬‫ز‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬
]16-19 ‫ض‬ ، ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬[.‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ده‬‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬
،‫ة‬ ٍ ‫سو‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ات‬ 
  ‫ا‬  ،R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬
  ‫إن‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫رن‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬   ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫و‬

Q
)‫ا‬(.‫د‬‫سو‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫سرح‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ 
1(
71
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫اك‬ .‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬
‫ان‬ .‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ساع‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫�سا‬ R ‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫دف‬
  .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬
‫سة‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫اأن‬ ‫س‬

‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ،‫و‬  ‫أ‬
‫ا ًء‬  ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬  .R ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫د‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬
  ،‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ً ‫سر‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬
.‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬

‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ،‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬
‫ة‬ ‫د‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ،‫دف‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬
.‫دف‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫�سون‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬ -  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬
 ‫اأ‬ ،‫د‬    .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذي‬  ، ‫س‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫رب‬ ،‫د‬  ‫ت‬‫ر‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬ ‫ر‬      .‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫سا‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫�سة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫�سر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫أ‬  .‫ا‬
‫سر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬

   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ،‫�سة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬

 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ . ‫أ‬ ‫س‬   ،‫ان‬
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬   ‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫�س‬  ‫ان‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬
‫ذه‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬  ‫س‬   ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫د‬
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‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫وي‬
ٍ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬   ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬
ٌ
 ٌ    ‫ر‬‫س‬
ٍ
 ‫ون‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬     .‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫ ًا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬ .‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫�ساء‬
 ، ‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬
[18/05/1363]. ‫س‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫�ض‬
‫ث‬‫ا‬ ‫ف�ص‬
‫م ع‬‫ا‬
Q
.Q ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬ ❊
.‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫وت‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ❊
.‫ة‬‫ل‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ❊
.‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ظ‬ ‫د‬ ❊
Q ‫ما‬ ‫م‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫سى‬ُ  ً ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫س ًا‬ ‫د‬ ُ Q ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫إن‬
  ‫ ٌء‬‫سو‬ ‫ة؛‬ ‫ساع‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬  ‫ات‬
ٍ  ،‫ة‬ ‫سر‬
 ‫أم‬ ‫ده‬  ‫أم‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫أم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬  ‫أم‬ ‫س‬‫س‬
‫ي‬‫ر‬


‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬  ‫ه‬‫ا‬  ‫أم‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫اق‬‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سدح‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .1(»‫ري‬ ‫ري‬  ... ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬« :‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
 ،‫سر‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذب‬  ‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ز‬
‫ذ‬ .‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬
ٍ
Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬    ‫سى‬ُ  ‫س ًا‬ ‫ساح‬
ٍ    ‫د‬
ٍ ‫سان‬‫إ‬
. ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫أي‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬  ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬ 
 ،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬  P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
   ‫ذي‬  ‫وم‬  ‫ذ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ - ‫ ًا‬‫�س‬
 ‫ ًا‬‫وؤ‬ ً ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫س ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫سا‬
P
 ‫و‬ - ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
 ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ .Q
‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬
 ‫د‬‫ا‬  . ‫اظ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬

‫اك‬ ‫؟‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ب‬  ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
.77 ‫ة‬ ،‫ة‬ 
1(
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‫ ٌد‬‫أ‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ر‬    ‫اك‬ .‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫د‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اك‬ .‫دم‬ ‫ان‬ ‫م‬‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬
‫ر‬‫آ‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫س‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ؤ‬ ‫ى‬
‫ات‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫اأ‬ ‫زم‬
 ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬   ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬   
‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫�سده‬ 
 ‫إ‬ ‫د‬ .‫ ًا‬   ‫اء‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ء‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬
.‫ ًا‬   
‫ا‬   ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
‫و‬  ‫ت‬  ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬
  ‫و‬ .‫ات‬‫�س‬ ‫ت‬‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫وم‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سو‬
- ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬  -Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬
ٌ  ٌ ‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫ ٌة‬‫ا‬ ٌ ‫�سا‬ ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬
ٌ 
‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫د‬  ،‫ ٌة‬‫سا‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬
  ،‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬   ‫سان‬‫إ‬
ٍ    Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
.‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫رك‬ ‫ا‬    ‫إن‬ .‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫و‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬
،‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬‫ا‬،‫ة‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ر‬‫سا‬،‫سان‬‫إ‬‫ذ‬ ‫س‬
‫اب‬ ‫ون‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬
ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬   ،‫ة‬‫و‬
‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫سو‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬
‫ون‬‫ا‬ 
ٍ
،ً ‫س‬‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫سر‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ .
.‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ 
 ‫د‬  ‫د‬
،‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫ ٌد‬‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ ٌد‬‫س‬  ‫إ‬
77
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ان‬« . ‫د‬ ‫ ٌد‬‫س‬ ،1({‫ـ }ﭗﭘﭙﭚ ﭛﭜ‬ ‫ ٌد‬‫س‬
‫ذ‬  ،‫اء‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫سة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫�س‬‫ا‬  2(»‫ا‬ ‫رب‬ 
‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫سا‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سون‬‫ر‬
،‫ة‬   ‫ره‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  .‫ء‬‫سو‬ ‫د‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬  
ّ ‫ر‬ 
 ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ُ ‫ن‬‫ر‬
.‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬   ‫أ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
ٍ
‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫سو‬  ‫ز‬ ، ُ ‫د‬ ،Q
[10/11/1369] .‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬ ،‫و‬ ‫اب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬  .‫و‬  ‫س‬‫سا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬
[18/10/1377] .‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬
‫ة }ﮠﮡﮢﮣﮤﮥﮦ‬‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫اأ‬ .‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ز‬ 3({ ‫ﮧﮨ‬
‫س‬   ‫اك‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫إن‬ :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬ .‫م‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ 
  ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ه‬‫و‬
‫ذ‬ ‫دم‬  ‫�ض‬ - ‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ون‬  ‫د‬  ‫و‬  ‫إ‬  - ‫ر‬
،‫ر‬  ‫ل‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سو‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ر‬
‫ }ﮥ‬،‫ه‬‫و‬  ‫س‬ ،‫دم‬  ،  {‫}ﮠﮡﮢﮣ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ،
 ‫سد‬ ‫د‬‫و‬   ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ {‫ﮦﮧ‬
 
ٍ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫أ‬ ‫وي‬
‫اإن‬ ،‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬  .‫ل‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سو‬ 
‫سد‬ {‫ }ﮩﮪﮫ‬،‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬    ‫ن‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ل‬
.‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫سوف‬ .Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
.29 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ، ‫سو‬
.226 ‫ض‬ ،18‫ ج‬،‫د‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬  ‫سرح‬
.307 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
3(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
78
 ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫آ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬
 ‫ذ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫س‬
 ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
ٍ ‫ة‬ ‫ك‬‫أ‬ P‫رم‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ 
‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫سر‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬
.  ‫اء‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سوق‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ً ‫سر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬  ‫س‬ ‫دم‬  ،‫�سان‬
‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬
 ‫اك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ُ 63 ‫ـ‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫سرح‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬
 ‫و‬ ،Q
‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ Q ‫رت‬    ‫ا‬‫�سا‬    .‫ا‬‫إ‬ 
 ‫ذ‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 50 ‫ـ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬
 ‫رف‬ُ     ‫دث‬  ‫ذ‬   .‫ا‬ ٌ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬
ٌ ‫ة‬
،  
 ‫ر‬  ،Q ‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬    ‫ا‬
‫�سا‬   ‫رف‬  ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ .  
 ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ 
1400  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬   ،Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
،‫ه‬‫ز‬ ‫سوم‬
‫سان‬‫إ‬
ٍ ‫ا‬   ‫ ًا‬  ‫ون‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬
ٍ
‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سو‬  ‫و‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ 
 
 ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ .‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ت‬‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬   ‫رك‬
‫ان‬ ‫ا‬    ،ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬   .‫ت‬‫ذ‬ ‫س‬     ‫أ‬
.‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫دف‬  ‫و‬ ‫ده‬
‫ان‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬

‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫دم‬‫س‬ ‫ ًة‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ .‫ة‬     ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ 

‫ن‬‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫و ٌم‬ . ‫و‬ ‫�سر‬
‫و‬‫و‬  ،
‫س‬ 

   ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬
‫د‬‫سد‬ ،‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬

   ‫ء‬‫س‬     ‫سان‬‫إ‬
ٍ   ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ُ ،
79
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬ 
 ،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫س‬ ‫و‬

‫د‬  .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ا‬   ،P
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
‫ذ‬ ،  ‫س‬
 ‫ه‬‫و‬   ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫رء‬
‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬    ‫د‬ 
.Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 13 ‫د‬  Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 
‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ P‫رم‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ٌ ‫س‬ .‫و‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
،‫سرق‬ ‫س‬
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫�س‬ 
ٍ
.‫ت‬‫سا‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬  ‫أن‬
،‫ز‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ة‬‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫�س ٍة‬‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫اك‬
‫سرع‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ً ‫س‬  ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اك‬
،‫ ًة‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ن‬‫ذ‬‫اأ‬   ‫ر‬ 
Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬   ،‫ة‬  
 ‫ج‬‫ر‬    ‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬  P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أن‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫س‬
‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ك‬  ‫ام‬   ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬   .‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ز‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫دث‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫و‬ . ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ 
 ‫س‬ ً ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬    ‫أ‬   ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬   ُ 
 ،‫ذ‬  ‫ى‬
‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬    ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ،
‫أن‬ ‫أ‬   ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ُ ‫ان‬ .‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬  ُ ‫أن‬ 
 ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬

‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫اك‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫رج‬
ٌ
‫د؟‬ ‫س‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ،‫اك‬  ‫ا‬  ‫اأ‬ ،‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫ض‬‫س‬‫و‬
  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ذي‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
 ‫؟‬ ‫ان‬ 
ٍ ‫أي‬   . ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬  .‫ة‬‫أ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
80
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬  ‫اأ‬‫س‬ ،‫�س‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫أن‬   ‫و‬ ‫و‬
.    .
 ‫ن‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬ ‫رب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬  ،‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫س‬‫س‬
 ‫أي‬  ‫اك‬   ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬  

.‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ى‬ ‫دم‬
ِ ُ  ‫ده‬

 ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
.‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ك‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ 
‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫أت‬‫د‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬

 ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ،P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ، ‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬
‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫سر‬ P‫رم‬‫أ‬
ُ ‫سا‬‫أ‬
ً ‫سر‬‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬    .ِ ِ َ ‫س‬
‫دي‬
  ‫وت‬ ً ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ ًء‬‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬‫�س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫ره‬‫أ‬ ،‫س‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬   ‫ا‬ ،P

  ‫و‬    ‫د‬« :‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
 Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  .1(»‫م‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
‫ا‬ .ً ‫ر‬ ‫اك‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
ً ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ان‬
 ،‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫دع‬  .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬   .‫دع‬ُ ‫ة‬‫سا‬
 ‫س‬ 
[18/10/1377].‫ة‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫وط‬  ً ‫سر‬‫ا‬ Q
.197 ‫ة‬ ،‫ة‬ 
1(
‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫مرح‬
‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫أت‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬
 P‫رم‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬  P
 ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫أي‬ ،
.‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬   Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬
،  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫رك‬  ً ‫و‬‫و‬ P‫ز‬‫ز‬ 
 ‫ان‬   ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  
‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫اءت‬   ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ة‬‫ذ‬ ،‫ ًة‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ُ    ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا ٌم‬ ‫أ‬ .P

‫ ًا‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬  ‫رك‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬     ‫إ‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ف‬‫ر‬   ‫د‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫اك‬ ،‫دم‬ 
.‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬
. ‫ء‬‫اأ‬ ً ‫س‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ 
 ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ،ً  ‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫د‬ ُ ‫أن‬   ‫اع‬
‫و‬‫و‬     ‫أ‬ 
ٍ
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬   .‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫أن‬ ‫د‬ .‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ده‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬   ،‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬  Q
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬   ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫و‬
ٍ ‫أ‬ ‫ ٍة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬ُ  ،Q‫وؤ‬
     ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬    ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ، .‫ا‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ . ‫ام‬  ‫ا‬  ،‫ ًا‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اق‬‫إ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫�س‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ، ‫ف‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
82
‫د‬   ‫اأ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫رف‬ُ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ،‫س‬
. ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أي‬ 
  ‫ا‬  ،‫د‬‫د‬     - ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬
‫سد‬ ‫ري‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬
  ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ُ ‫ا‬ - ،» ‫و‬‫أ‬ ُ  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬« .‫ة‬
 ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وم‬‫أ‬   ‫اإ‬ ،»‫ة‬‫ا‬
 
 ‫إ‬ ٌ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  « ،-‫د‬‫أ‬ ُ
1( ً
.‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ 
،‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ،‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬  ،‫ز‬ ٍ ‫د‬  ‫د‬
 ‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫رت‬‫س‬  ،‫ذ‬ ‫ ًة‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ض‬‫اأ‬  ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬  
 ‫د‬‫و‬
‫ا‬  ‫ساأ‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬    ، ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
‫س‬‫و‬‫س‬‫اأ‬. ‫ر‬‫ب‬‫ر‬‫أت‬‫د‬-‫س‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أي‬ - ‫ر‬
 (  ‫د‬   ‫ان‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫أن‬   
‫اأ‬« :‫و‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫اع‬‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬  )‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
‫أ‬« ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ،»‫دي‬
‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ « ،‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ »‫دي‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ،2(»P‫د‬    ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫د‬ ،‫م‬‫إ‬   ‫د‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬   ،ً ‫د‬ ً ‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ .‫ن‬‫د‬
.ً ‫سر‬‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬
‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ 25 ‫ـ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ه‬‫�سو‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬
،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫وه‬‫ا‬‫ان‬‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫؛‬‫و‬‫ا‬،‫ة‬‫اء‬
.74 ‫ خ‬،‫ة‬ 
.62‫ خ‬،‫ة‬ 
1(
2(
83
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫و‬ ‫سا‬    ‫ا‬ ‫أي‬ .1(»‫ر‬‫أ‬   ‫ ٌر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬« :‫ا‬
‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫؛‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 25‫ـ‬ ‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ذ‬
‫ذ‬  ‫اء‬ ‫سوؤ‬ ُ ‫و‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬
‫و‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ،   ً ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ذ‬  ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
.‫ا‬  ً ‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ر‬  
 ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ام‬‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬   ،‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 25 ‫ـ‬ 
‫ى‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ساك‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ 
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  P‫رم‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ 33 ‫و‬ Q‫وؤ‬
،‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ساط‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
 ً ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬    ‫ات‬‫ا‬   ،‫ر‬‫و‬ 
‫اع‬‫س‬ 
ٍ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ .‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ‫س‬ُ  ،‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 25 ‫ـ‬ ‫د‬  ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬ .
‫ام‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫رك‬   ،‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬ 
ٌ  ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ .‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اء‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ ٌة‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬


.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫سرح‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫آن‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ُ ‫د‬
‫سو‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫إن‬   .‫سو‬   ‫ز‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫وت‬ ‫د‬
‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أ‬ ‫وف‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اأ‬ ،‫ي‬‫و‬‫س‬ 
‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫سو‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا؟‬‫أ‬
 ‫ان‬ .‫ ًة‬  
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ 
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫أي‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫وف‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬
.92 ‫ خ‬،‫ة‬ 
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
84
‫د‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫سو‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫سو‬  ‫ان‬ ‫وؤ‬
‫د‬ ‫سوت‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫سو‬  ‫ان‬ ‫وف‬  ‫ر‬
،‫ ًة‬ ‫سا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ .ً ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫وف‬  ‫ر‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ )‫وف‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬( ‫و‬
 ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ر‬‫س‬ P
 ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اب‬  ‫ان‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ساأ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 :Q‫ا‬ .‫سا‬  ‫أي‬ ،‫س‬
‫ل‬ ‫اب‬ ‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ،
‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ٌ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬
ٍ  ‫اأ‬   ‫ان‬ ،P
 ‫ة‬ ‫س‬
‫ر‬   Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬
‫رح‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫د‬  ‫ا‬  ،ً ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫س‬
.‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ 
‫سات‬‫ر‬ ‫رت‬ُ  ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ،‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ 12 ‫ر‬ ‫د‬
‫سر‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،ً ‫ر‬  ‫سون‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ 
‫ر‬ ٌ   ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫سر‬  ‫ق‬‫ر‬ 
‫س‬‫و‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬   ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ه‬‫د‬  ‫ان‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬
‫د‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ّ ‫سا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ك‬ ‫؟‬Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫آن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وك‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬    ‫سى‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 25
‫اء‬‫و‬  ‫ى‬  ‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫س‬‫ا‬ .ً ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬

‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬‫آ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ض‬ ‫ة؟‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫�س‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬   ،‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬    
‫ا‬  ً ‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬   ‫ان‬  ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬
‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫آ‬  ‫ة‬   ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬  ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ذي‬   ‫ا‬ ‫س‬

ٍ  ‫�س‬ ،‫ان‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬

85
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ان‬ ‫ة‬  ‫اء‬  ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ . ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ذي‬   ‫ان‬
 ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،  ‫وه‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
- ‫ ٌن‬ :‫ا‬ ،‫ان‬  ‫ذي‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ساأ‬ .‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ء‬
، ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ده‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬
.‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ .  ‫ك‬
‫ ًا‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
ً  ‫ان‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .‫ض‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫إ‬
‫س‬  
‫أ‬  ،P
 ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،L ‫س‬
‫اء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ن‬‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ان‬  ‫اع‬‫د‬
‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ،‫ام‬ ‫اء‬  ‫س‬‫ر‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫إ‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .  ‫دئ‬    ‫ان‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫�س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ 
.Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ان‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫أن‬    ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬   ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬    ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ت‬‫ذ‬ 
 ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ 
‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ان‬ ُ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬
‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ض‬ ‫ع‬ٍ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫س‬
ٍ ‫و‬

ٍ
،    .‫و‬  ‫سوف‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫س‬  ً ‫ر‬‫أ‬ 
‫ساك‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫رك‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،1(»‫ري‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬« :‫ر‬ ‫ح‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬   .‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ون‬‫ساأ‬  ‫اإ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫س ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
ٍ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
 .‫ام‬ ‫أ‬   Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫سر‬  ‫ذه‬ .‫أ‬ ً ‫ر‬ 
.‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬
ٍ  ‫ا‬  ‫و‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬ 
.92 ‫ خ‬،‫ة‬ 
1(
 ‫مرح‬
 ‫ى‬ .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬     ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬   ،‫و‬
،‫وه‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫إن‬  ،Q
 ،‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫د‬   .‫ا‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫سام‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ساأ‬ ً ‫د‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫�سر‬‫اأ‬ ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
- ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬   ‫ان‬ - ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬
ٌ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫�ض‬ .‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ،ً ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬
‫�ض‬
ٍ   ‫دم‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ان‬
‫ر‬ - ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ً ‫د‬ ٌ  ٌ ‫د‬ - ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬
‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫وه‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬  .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫و‬« : ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫ ًا‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬
« ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ،»‫أ‬ ‫إن‬  ‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫وه‬‫و‬  ‫ساأ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬  ،1(»‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ساأ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬  ، ،‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ساأ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ ًا‬
.‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫أ‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬
 Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬
‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬   ‫ان‬
‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬     ،‫وب‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ذب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬
.92 ‫ خ‬،‫ة‬ 
1(
87
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬   ‫إن‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫سو‬‫أ‬
،‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ً ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬
‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ً ‫ر‬‫س‬
 ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬  ،‫د‬  ‫سة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫�س‬

‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬
. ‫سوء‬ ‫سو‬
‫ة‬‫ ا‬‫ وا‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬
،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫وط‬
‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
ٍ
 ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫د‬   .‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬ 
‫ى‬ ‫د‬
 ،‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ى‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ح‬‫ر‬ 
‫ساأ‬  ‫ى‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ُ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
،‫ة‬‫د‬ ً ‫د‬‫ر‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬   ‫و‬ . ‫د‬ Q
 ‫د‬ ‫إن‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ك‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫د‬
‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬
‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬  ‫ن‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  .‫س ًا‬‫ا‬ 
    ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬  ‫ر‬‫و‬  ‫رك‬  Q
‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
‫ذ‬ .‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رك‬  ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬
‫و‬  ‫و‬ Q‫ ًا‬  ‫اإن‬ ‫ذ‬ .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫ }ﮠﮡﮢﮣﮤ‬،Q‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .  ‫ن‬‫ز‬
‫د‬   ،‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬    .{ ‫ﮥﮦ ﮧﮨ‬
 ‫س‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬  ،‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫دي‬   ‫ات‬
[08/02/1368] .‫ل‬ ‫س‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
88
 ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬  ‫ذه‬  ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫دت‬ُ   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫س‬‫و‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ٌة‬‫ا‬  ،‫س‬‫إ‬



‫أن‬ ً ‫د‬  .‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ي‬‫سا‬
‫ا‬ ‫دم‬  ‫د‬

‫ة‬‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
  ‫و‬ ‫ز‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ 
‫ت‬‫ز‬‫ر‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫اء‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ،‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬

  ‫ا‬ 
 .P‫سو‬‫ر‬  ‫ـ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬
‫ان‬   .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ـ‬ P‫سو‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫؟‬‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 

‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫سو‬   ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ة‬  ‫؛‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ُ  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ف‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ات‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ،ً ‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،ً ‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬
...ً ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫سو‬‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫سر‬ ‫ض‬ ‫�س‬
‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ،‫اف‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ،‫د‬  ‫ذه‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬
 ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫وم‬ .‫سر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬
‫اق‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ًة‬ - ‫سر‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫آ‬  ‫د‬ 
‫ـ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ان‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ان‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ - ‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ـ‬‫أ‬ - ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
‫ة‬  ‫ء‬‫ز‬‫أ‬  .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫سا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إ‬
- ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫سام‬  - ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ 
.‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫و‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬
،‫ ًا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ام‬ ‫س‬
 ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫رت‬ ‫و‬ ً ‫إ‬
89
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ـ‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬
 Q
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫و‬ .‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اه‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ،
‫ة‬‫�ساآ‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أي‬ ، ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬
 ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ره‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
  


‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫�سا‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬  ‫دت‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫�سا‬‫ا‬
 ،‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬   ‫ة‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬ ‫�سوت‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .»‫د‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬
 ‫ـ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬‫ا‬ ،‫ض‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬ ،Q
 ‫ة‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬  ‫؛‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬
 - ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫سا‬ ‫ساف‬‫إ‬ ،‫د‬ ،‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬ - ‫و‬  ‫سد‬
‫ده‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫وي‬
 ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ة‬
‫أن‬ ‫أ‬   ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬  .‫ا‬
‫و‬‫ز‬ ‫ر‬  ‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫سوؤ‬  ‫ري‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬

‫د‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬  ‫ض‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ساع‬
‫�س‬
  ‫ـ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬‫و‬  ...‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫سة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ات‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ت‬‫سر‬ ‫�س‬ 
.‫ام‬ ‫ذه‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫د‬ .Q‫وؤ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
90
Q‫م ع‬‫ة ا‬‫ا‬‫ع‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ـ‬   Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
  ،‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬  .
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ،‫ساء‬‫ؤ‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ،‫ر‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫سر‬‫إ‬  .‫و‬ 
‫س‬  Q‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬‫أ‬  
 ‫ر‬ ‫ون‬  ، :‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ً ‫إ‬ :Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬‫أ‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ .‫ه‬‫سو‬ 
‫و‬‫أ‬ :‫ا‬ ،‫ءه‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ .‫د‬‫س‬
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫ساأ‬   ‫ن‬  ‫اء‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬  

‫سا‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ .‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫د‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫سا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫و‬‫أ‬
‫أ‬ ،‫سا‬ ً ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬    ‫أ‬ ‫دت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ساء‬  ‫ج‬ ‫ز‬ُ
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ 1(»‫ر‬« ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ »‫اء‬‫إ‬  ُ «
.‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  .‫ا‬
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ون‬‫�س‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫سات‬‫ا‬ ‫أت‬‫د‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬

‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫ذ‬  ُ ‫أن‬ ‫ل‬  ‫ون‬   ‫ـ‬ ‫د‬‫�س‬
‫سو‬ .‫و‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬
 ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ون‬  ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬

- ‫ة‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬ .‫س‬ 
 ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ - ‫ان‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬ « ،‫ ًا‬‫سر‬ ‫اك‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ 
 ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ، ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ،Q
‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫سر‬ ،2(»‫ان‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اه‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  � ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وم‬
‫د‬  ‫اه‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬   ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫أن‬
.29 ‫ خ‬،‫ة‬ 
.19 ‫ض‬ ،32‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
91
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
،‫ة‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ .‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اءه‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫د‬  .‫س‬ ‫ذي‬ 
 ‫ة‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬  ‫د‬‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬   ،‫ا‬
‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬
 ،
 ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬   ‫د‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫سا‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ـ‬  ‫ره‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ا‬ - ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اء‬ .‫ر‬  P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ - P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫و‬
‫ا‬    ‫إ‬« :‫و‬  ،‫اب‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬  ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ْ َ  ‫ـ‬
.‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫د‬ .»‫ا‬‫ر‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ـ‬ ‫سا‬ ،»‫ا‬‫ا‬    ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ «
« ‫ة؟‬  ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ذه؟‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫سو‬   
‫س‬ُ‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ 1(»‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ 
،‫سا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬   ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬   .‫ا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫اأ‬
.‫ة‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫اء‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬
ُ ‫ا‬‫سا‬  ‫إ‬
  ‫ة‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ب‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ 
‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫ا‬ .ً ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫اب‬‫أ‬
،»‫دء‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬« :‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫سا‬
ُ
‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫دت‬
«  ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬
‫ذه‬  P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ 2(»‫ذ‬  P‫ل‬
‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫دي‬  ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫أ‬  .‫ة‬‫ر‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬   ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ .P‫سو‬‫ر‬ 
.21 ‫ض‬ ،32‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
.22 ‫ض‬ ،32‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
92
 ‫د‬ . ‫ان‬ Q
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ .‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬  ،
‫رك‬  .‫ك‬‫ا‬ ‫ث‬ ‫سوب‬  ‫ان‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬   Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 .‫ة‬  ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬
 ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬

.P‫سو‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫ذ‬
‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬ ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫رك‬  
‫ء‬‫إ‬  ‫سد‬  .‫ذ‬ ‫دث‬  ‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ ئ‬‫د‬ ‫ان‬ .   ‫أ‬ 
‫ر‬‫أ‬    .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ض‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ة‬‫�س‬ 
،‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫رب‬ ، ‫س‬ ‫رب‬ ، ‫رب‬ :‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ث‬ Q‫وؤ‬
‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬  - ‫ة‬‫�س‬   ‫ون‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ - ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫اه‬
‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سرح‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬  .P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سى‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬ 
‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫�ض‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫؟‬Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬
  « :‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ـ‬  .Q‫وؤ‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ٍ‫د‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ ًا‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫إ‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ،1(» 
ً ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ك‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬ ‫ـ‬ ً ‫د‬‫ا‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬   ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬
‫ة‬
 ‫ذ‬   ‫س‬‫ا‬   ،‫وق‬  ‫ ًا‬   ‫س‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫إ‬ .‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ز‬  ‫د‬   ً ‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫ذ‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬
‫اإن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫إ‬  ،‫د‬  ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ 
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬  ‫أن‬    ‫ا‬‫ر‬
  ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫رف‬ ‫�ض‬
.‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬
.69 ‫ض‬ ،   ‫ر‬ ‫س‬
1(
93
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫و‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬
   ‫س‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫سا‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬
‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ،‫د‬ 
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ز‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬    ،‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سرب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬
،‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬   .‫�سان‬
‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬   Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ . ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬‫آ‬
Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫اءت‬ .‫ ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اء‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ :‫و‬‫ا‬
،‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ك‬‫ا‬   ‫ان‬ - ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ - ‫ا‬‫سد‬‫أ‬
 ‫اأ‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬   ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬  ‫إ‬
‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ :Q
   ‫د‬ُ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬
   ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ .‫د‬ 
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ق‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ . ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ساأ‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫أن‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬   .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  Q‫وؤ‬
 ،‫ا‬ ‫اءه‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫وؤ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬
، ْ‫إن‬ ،

‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ى‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬  ،‫ا‬ !‫ذ‬
   ‫إ‬ ‫و‬ « :‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ . Q
.1(»‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ً‫د‬   ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ َرم‬ُ  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  
.  ‫س‬ ‫د‬   ‫ا‬‫أ‬
 - Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ - ‫سد‬‫أ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ة‬  
‫ا‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬    ‫ ٌر‬ ‫ا‬ .‫د‬  ‫د‬  
‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ :‫ض‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬
‫س‬ ‫ون‬ Q‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً  ‫أ‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ .‫اء‬‫أ‬ 
Q‫وؤ‬
.714 ‫ض‬ ،2 ‫ ج‬،‫م‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ،‫ا‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
94
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫دي‬‫و‬ ،‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫سر‬  :‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫أ‬ ‫د‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ .‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ـ‬ ‫دي‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ـ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫د‬‫سا‬
‫ر‬ ‫ـ‬ ،‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫رح‬ ، ‫ساأ‬ ،ً ‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬   ‫ون‬‫أ‬
‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ : ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ا‬ :‫ساأ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫سا‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ :‫ساأ‬ .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ،‫د ل‬ ‫ر‬
.‫ـ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ره‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ً ‫ر‬  ‫ون‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ :‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫؟‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬   ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ً ‫إ‬ :‫ا‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬

. ‫د‬  ‫د‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ! ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬ 
‫ض‬ :‫ا‬ ‫؟‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬  ‫أ‬ َ ،‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ :‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬
‫ون‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ُ .‫إ‬
  ٌ  ‫د‬  . ‫رف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ره‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ 
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫سد‬‫أ‬  ‫سد‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ذ‬ .‫دي‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫د‬  .1( ‫أ‬  ً ‫ر‬ 
.Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ . ‫س‬ Q‫وؤ‬
:‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ .‫ه‬‫أ‬ ،‫س‬ ،‫ا‬ ،‫�سا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ة‬ 
‫ن‬‫اأ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ L ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دت‬‫سا‬ 
ً  ً ‫ز‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،‫ام‬
‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ُ .‫�سا‬ ‫�ض‬ 
‫ذه‬   ‫سوق‬  ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
  ‫اع‬ - ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫رب‬ - ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ،»‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ « ‫ت‬‫و‬‫اأ‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا؟‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬‫أ‬ ،Q‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬
،‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،2(»‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬« :‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
.‫ا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ !‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ 
.443 ‫ض‬ ،2 ‫ ج‬،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
.108 ‫ض‬ ،2 ‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
2(
95
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫سة‬
 ‫ذ‬ .‫ه‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ـ‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سة‬

  ‫أ‬ ،»‫ر‬ ُ  ‫اع‬« :‫ ًا‬‫س‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ذي‬  
 ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫د‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬‫أ‬  .‫س‬
  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ً ‫د‬
‫ر‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫اءه‬ .   ‫ه‬‫د‬  -  ‫ا‬‫�س‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ :‫ا‬ -  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ج‬ ،‫ره‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ .‫ز‬ ‫ت‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫ر‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫دي‬
 ‫سرق‬ 
 ‫ا‬  ‫ـ‬  ‫إ‬  ‫إ‬ :‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ 
،‫و‬   ‫ـ‬  ‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 

 ‫ـ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ري‬
،‫ر‬
 ،‫�سر‬
‫و‬‫س‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ .‫و‬  ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬   .P‫سو‬‫ر‬
‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬  ‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫إ‬
،‫ة‬‫د‬ ،‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬ 
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫ة‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اء‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ،‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ُ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬ Q‫وؤ‬
‫ا‬  - ‫د‬  ‫ب‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ Q ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫س‬
‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ 
‫ذ‬ .‫ف‬‫ر‬     ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬
Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ .‫و‬ ‫و‬
.‫ض‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س ًا‬ ‫أ‬ ً ‫ز‬ ‫دي‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫إ‬ 
‫م‬‫ر‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ساف‬‫إ‬ ،‫د‬‫و‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫و‬ ‫وف‬‫و‬ ،‫اء‬‫�س‬ ‫ن‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ،‫و‬
  ‫اع‬‫د‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬‫إ‬ ،‫د‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
.‫سو‬  ‫ـ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
96
‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذي‬    ،‫ة‬   ‫دث‬  ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬
 ‫؟‬Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬  ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬
 ‫س‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬  ،
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬

‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫إ‬    ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬  Q
‫ان‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ‫؟‬Q
 ‫ا‬ 
 ‫ا‬‫ز‬
‫ا‬ ُ  ‫ر‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬

 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  .Q
 ‫ا‬
‫اه‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ج‬‫و‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ .‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ف‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬ .‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ك‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬
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 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫وق‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ساف‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ام‬
‫ى‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬  ‫ذه‬ .‫�س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫وي‬
 ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬ 
‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ُ .‫ا‬ ‫د‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫اء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬   ‫وم‬ ‫و‬ .‫ء‬
 ‫إن‬ .‫س‬
 ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬ ‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ .
‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أم‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ع‬ ‫وي‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬   ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ،‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬
[15/08/1383].‫د‬
‫ا‬


‫ر‬ ‫ومي‬ ‫ة‬
‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫�س ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬
.‫سا‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ،‫و‬  : ‫ا‬ 
‫ن‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬  ،‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫إ‬   ‫و‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ،‫و‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬  ‫ز‬  ‫سا‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ 
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬‫د‬ 
‫ه‬‫د‬  ‫و‬  ‫ر‬   .‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬

‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ض‬ .‫ده‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬  ،‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
  ‫و‬  ‫ر‬ .‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أي‬   Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫و‬     ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ك‬‫ذ‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬   ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  ُ ‫د‬ ‫؛‬‫ا‬
ُ ،P‫سو‬‫ر‬
،‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ُ‫س‬  ‫د‬  ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬  ِ 
‫س‬ُ  ،‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬
 ُ ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫د‬   
.‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫إ‬
‫ا‬« ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ُ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫آ‬   ‫ا‬‫د‬
 ‫ا‬ »‫اأ‬« ‫ة‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫د‬‫و‬  .»‫ل‬
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ، 
  ‫سر‬‫اأ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة؛‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
98
‫و‬ »‫ل‬ ‫ا‬« ‫ـ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ .‫ه‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ،‫اأ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ُ
‫اه‬ ‫اأ‬‫ا‬ .‫وب‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫و‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
 . ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ٍ ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اإ‬ .‫دم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ 
 ‫ا‬ 
 ، ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
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‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫وه‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬‫اأ‬
‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ،1(»‫ه‬‫ا‬  ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬« :Q
.‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬
 ‫سر؛‬ ‫و‬ Q
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫س‬  ‫؛‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ُ   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬   
‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ؤه‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ده‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ذ‬‫س‬   ،‫ات‬ 
‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ذت‬‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  .‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ 
‫ا‬  .‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬  ‫ى‬ 
 ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬ ،  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ده‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫وم‬

‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ‫ون‬‫وؤ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫وؤ‬
‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اأن‬ ،‫اج‬‫و‬
 ‫ر‬‫و‬  ‫ء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫�س‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬   .    ‫ا‬
،‫ر‬‫س‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬   ،‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫سوء‬ ‫ى‬ 
‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬   ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬
   ‫�س‬‫أ‬   .‫اع‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬‫سر‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬
  ،‫ ًا‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫وم‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬ُ
‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ .‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  
‫ساأ‬ 
 ‫ذ‬ .‫ ًا‬  ‫اء‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬
.576 ‫ض‬ ،4 ‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
99
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ساء‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ا‬  ،‫ه‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫أي‬ ، ‫أ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ذ‬
 ‫د‬ ‫ان‬  ‫سام‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬  ، ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ .‫د‬  ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫أ‬   ،‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ً ‫د‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫�س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬
:
‫ت‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫ز‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬  ‫ض‬
،
 ‫د‬ ‫س‬   ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ر‬‫ز‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ،‫وم‬
‫و‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ً  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬‫ز‬  ‫س‬ ‫و‬  ً ‫د‬ ‫إ‬
‫د‬  ‫ده‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬  
‫ا‬  ‫ع‬‫سر‬  ‫ ًا‬  ‫ذي‬ 

،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬  
.‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫د‬   ‫ ًا‬‫أ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سو‬   ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ان‬
 ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ا‬ ‫س‬   ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ى‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ،ً ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سان‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
 ً‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ،
 ،‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫إ‬  
 ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬« : ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬
‫س‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ .»‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ً‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ َر‬ ‫أ‬« ،‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ذ‬‫اأ‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫؟‬
   ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ُ  

‫؟‬‫د‬ ‫اأ‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫ون‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ .‫اء‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً‫ا‬
 ‫و‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬   .1(»   ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ل‬
‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ Q ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫سر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ، ‫ز‬ ‫ذي‬  
.‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬
.186 ‫ض‬ ،3‫ ج‬،‫د‬ ‫ر‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
100
   ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ض‬ 
: ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬
  ‫أ‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬   ‫و‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  Q
 ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬
 ‫إ‬ ‫ون؛‬‫ا‬ ،‫ون‬‫ا‬ ،‫ون‬‫س‬‫ا‬ : ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ،‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫رت‬ُ‫أ‬« :‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ Q
‫ث؛‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ .1(»‫ا‬
َ ‫س‬َ َ :ً ‫ر‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ .  ،‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫س‬
ِ
‫إ‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ .‫ساف‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫اه‬ ،‫س‬ُ ‫س‬‫أ‬ :‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ى‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اءت‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫د‬  ،‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ُ ‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫س‬ Q‫و‬ .‫و‬  ‫ى‬ ‫أي‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ى‬  ‫س‬
ِ َ ‫س‬َ َ
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ون؟‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬    .‫ا‬
 .‫س ًا‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫رف‬   ‫سة‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫سا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
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   .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫سا‬‫أ‬   ‫ ًا‬ ‫د‬
ِ ُ
‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬ ‫سام‬  - ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬
.‫ة‬  ‫د‬‫و‬   ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ده‬  ‫اأ‬  ، ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫اق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫س‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ 
،‫و‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫اء‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ Q‫وؤ‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬  ‫ذ‬ ،  ‫ى‬‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬
.36 ‫ض‬ ،44 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
101
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬     .‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
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‫سا‬‫أ‬    Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫اأ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة؛‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫�س‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬      .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أ‬ Q‫ا‬  
.‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫سا‬    ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬

 ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬    ‫أ‬ ‫�سى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬
‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سام‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
  .‫اك‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫سو‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬   ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬
   ،ً ‫و‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬   ‫إ‬ - ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ - ‫ا‬ 
‫�ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ً ‫إ‬ .‫ك‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫د‬  ‫و‬  ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬  .‫ف‬
‫ا‬ ‫ون‬   ‫ر‬‫آ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ،ً ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ذ‬ . ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ده‬

 ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ُ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫سر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫دت‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ة‬ 
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ده‬  ،‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬
‫ذ‬  
‫ر‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ 
‫س‬‫و‬  ‫اج‬
 ‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬
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
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  ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ .‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ن‬‫د‬ ُ
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اج‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬ - ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬‫أ‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سى‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬
‫د‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫إ‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
  ‫ا‬‫د‬‫سا‬   ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ة؛‬‫ذ‬ ‫سا‬   
.‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ا‬‫س‬‫ر‬   ‫و‬‫أ‬ .
‫أ‬ ‫دي‬‫ا‬
 ‫أي‬   ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫د‬  ‫و‬ 
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‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
102
»‫ر‬‫أ‬ « ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫س‬  
‫د‬  ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫سو‬  . ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ »‫ة‬ «‫و‬
.‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬
.‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬ ‫�ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ،‫�ض‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  Q‫وؤ‬
‫دق‬  ،‫ز‬ ‫س‬ - ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ى‬ - ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬ .‫و‬
‫ات‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫سا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سة‬
 ‫ا‬‫اإ‬
 ‫سوؤ‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫دم‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫د‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬  .‫ا‬‫سا‬
‫سرط‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫�س‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ،ً ‫إ‬ .‫و‬
‫؟‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ُ  ‫أن‬ ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ض‬‫سا‬ ‫دم‬
 ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ . ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا؟‬ ‫س‬ 
‫أن‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫؛‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫�س ًا‬ ‫أن‬ 
 ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬
‫ام‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬
 ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫د‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫رق‬     ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ 
‫ان‬ ‫إن‬ - ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬   ،‫ا‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ا‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ 
‫ام‬‫أ‬   ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  - ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬‫إ‬
103
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫ ٌر‬ ٌ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ُ  ،‫ ًا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫وع‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ،‫س‬
 ‫ ًا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ذه‬ .‫ا‬‫سا‬
.‫ز‬
‫ا‬
.‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ق‬‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
.‫ض‬‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫ج‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬  ‫إ‬ 
.‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ 
  ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬
‫وط‬  ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ج‬‫و‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬‫اأ‬  - ‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  - ‫د‬
‫ى‬ ‫س‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫اب‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ً ‫سر‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  Q
‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫زم‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ »‫ز‬ « ‫سر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ح‬‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ذه‬ ‫�ساء‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
 .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ان‬  ‫و‬
 ‫ة‬‫اآ‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ع‬‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ا‬   ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬
‫ات‬‫آ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ِة‬‫ا‬ ِ ‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫آن‬‫ر‬
،‫ا‬ ‫سد‬ ‫�ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ن‬‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫ره‬ ‫د‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫س‬‫ر‬ 
‫اع‬‫أ‬  ،‫و‬ ‫رف‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ،»‫ ل‬‫إ‬   « ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬
‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬   ،‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ !‫ل‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫آ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ري‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬

‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫سام‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬
.‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ض‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض؛‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ات‬
،ً ‫إ‬ .‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  .‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ً  ‫ان‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
104
 - ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ - Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ان‬  .‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ 
   ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
.‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اف‬ ‫ام‬  ،  ‫و‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ج‬‫و‬   ‫س‬ُ  ‫أن‬ 

‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬
 ،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬


‫ر‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سدق‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ا‬
 ،Q
 ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫سا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ات‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،‫سة‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
.‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ث‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ذه‬
Q‫ة ع‬‫ و‬P‫ة ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫رق‬‫ا‬
‫سو‬  ،‫و‬ ‫د‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ق‬‫ا‬
‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ق‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  P‫ل‬

ً ‫ر‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ر‬ ‫دق‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫دق‬ ‫ ًا؛‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬  ‫سة‬‫س‬
 ‫وؤ‬ ‫وف‬‫س‬ ‫وي‬  ، ‫ذ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬   ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .‫سو‬   ‫�س‬ ،‫و‬

‫؛‬‫سر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وف‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫سوح‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ 
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫وت‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫�س‬
 .‫د‬‫و‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬   ‫أن‬ 

‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫سوح‬‫و‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ا‬ ‫وف‬‫س‬  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫س‬
‫ق؛‬‫ا‬ ‫وف‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
.ً ‫ر‬  ً ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ر؛‬‫ز‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ً ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬   ‫ان‬
105
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
،‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬  ‫ان‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬   ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬‫ا‬
 ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬   ‫ان‬ P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ساأ‬ .‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬  ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫د‬ .‫ر‬
 ‫رء‬
‫ا‬ ،‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫ى‬ .‫م‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ض‬‫و‬
 ‫ى‬ ‫س‬

.‫ ًا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬  
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ .‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬ ٍ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬   .1(»‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬   ‫ذ‬  « :Q
‫سا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ُ  .‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬   
 ‫رح‬ُ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬  .‫وه‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ 
‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ‫ة؛‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫سا‬
‫سو‬  - ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ - ‫ر‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ة؛‬‫د‬  ‫أم‬ ‫ة‬   

‫ات‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫د‬   ‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رء‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬
‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ا‬ P‫سو‬‫ر‬ 
P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫ذ‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬   ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬‫س‬
‫سو‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫اءت‬ . ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ 2({‫ا }ﯖﯗﯘ‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ُ  ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫سو‬  ،‫ف‬‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ز‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  ،‫وم‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫د‬
‫ }ﮀﮁﮂﮃﮄﮅﮆﮇ‬:‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬ 
.173 ‫ خ‬،‫ة‬ 
.104 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
106
‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫س‬    ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬   ‫ذه‬ .1({‫ﮈﮉ‬
‫ذه‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ . ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ون‬ ‫س‬ ‫ؤه‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫د‬ .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬   ً ‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ 
.‫ت‬‫�س‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫د‬  Q‫�سى‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ ًا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ،‫س‬ 
 ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ا‬   ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 
  ‫ان‬ ، ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ة‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫دي‬
  ‫ر‬
‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ان‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬
‫إ‬ ،‫ر‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ُ  - ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ب‬‫ذ‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬    ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ 
 ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫و‬‫س‬
  ‫ان‬ ،‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫�ض‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ Q‫وؤ‬
‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫ر‬ُ ‫ات‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬

‫ات‬ ‫أن‬ ُ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ز‬ ‫ت‬
‫د‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫سوب‬  ُ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
    ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ،‫سر‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
.‫ا‬ ‫س‬   ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ع‬ ‫و‬  .‫ر‬‫س‬
 ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬ ،‫رب‬  ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ء؛‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫�سى‬ ‫ذ‬
.‫سام‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫سام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬
.33 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ف‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬
1(
107
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
. ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫�ض‬ 
‫د‬  ‫ا‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫ف‬‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬
 ‫ة‬ ‫ج‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ .‫و‬
‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سة‬
 ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫؛‬‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫و‬  ‫ا‬ 
‫ة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫اع‬‫س‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬
  .‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬
[18/10/1377].‫ا‬   ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ُ ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  Q
‫بع‬‫ر‬ ‫ف�ص‬
‫هراء‬‫ة ا‬ ّ‫ا‬
O
.O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ❊
.‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ج‬ O‫ا‬‫ا‬ ❊
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ O‫ا‬‫ا‬ ❊
O‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سر‬  O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫سات‬‫و‬ ‫إن‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ .‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ُ
،‫ ًا‬‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬ ،O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬
R‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
،‫ذ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .P‫ا‬ 

‫ا‬ . ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ض‬  ‫سوف‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫سوف‬
‫ساب‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬   ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ساب‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ز‬  ‫أ‬‫ر‬  ،‫س‬
ٌ ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ 
.‫ ًا‬‫�سا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ، 
‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫سو‬  ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اه‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫إن‬  ،1({ ‫ }ﮆﮇﮈ‬‫ا‬ P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 

‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ز‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ت‬‫ر‬   ‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ،O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ . ‫ة‬‫سر‬   ‫ى‬ ‫وي‬
‫د‬   ‫وم‬ ‫د‬

.2({‫ }ﮉﮊﮋﮌﮍﮎ‬‫و‬     ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ 
.1 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫سو‬
.8 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
112
‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫رب‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬  ،    ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬  .‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫رب‬ 
‫ك‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذي‬   ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ 
  ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ذ‬ ،‫ا‬   ‫ان‬‫إ‬
 ‫ض‬ ،Q
   ً ‫ر‬ ‫رء‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ض‬ .‫ا‬
‫و‬   .1(» ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ان‬« ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬
  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬   ‫و‬ R ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
ٌ
‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ،»‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ن‬«
.‫س‬‫ا‬
‫إن‬ .‫اء‬  ‫ر‬  ‫س‬  ،ً ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ 
.‫اأ‬    ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫زم‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
،‫�سا‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ّ‫س‬ ‫أي‬   ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬
،‫ة‬‫س‬ 18 ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬
ٍ  ،‫ات‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
ٍ ‫أي‬  
‫س‬  ‫�سا‬ ‫ذه‬   .‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 25 ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 20
 ‫ا‬ ‫دك‬‫و‬ ، ‫أن‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫ل‬ « ،‫ ًا‬
 ‫ا‬‫س‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اإن‬ ،2(»‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫اب‬ ‫ساب‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ام‬ ‫و‬ ‫إ‬
  ‫ام‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ه‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫د‬   ‫إ‬ .‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫اه‬ ‫إ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ،)‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ده‬  ( ‫سة‬‫ا‬

[05/10/1370].‫سا‬‫و‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬
‫ون‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫وع‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬ 
‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ .3(»‫اء‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬« ،‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬
.254 ‫ض‬ ،2‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
.243 ‫ض‬ ،5‫ ج‬، ‫�سره‬   ‫سرح‬   ‫سة‬
.173 ‫ض‬ ،43‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
3(
113
O‫ر‬ّ ‫ط‬ ‫سهمق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ل‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وع؟‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  
‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ط‬‫سر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬  ‫إن‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ،O
‫ا‬  ‫ان‬  ‫ض‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
،1(»‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫دك‬‫و‬  ‫أن‬  « ‫سوت‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬
 ‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ .‫ة‬‫�س‬  ‫ذه‬
،‫ة‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
 

‫إ‬ ،‫ان‬  ‫ض‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اأ‬   ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬  ‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬       ،‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اإن‬
،‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫اج‬   O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان؟‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬« :O‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ P
 ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬   ‫د‬‫ا‬
  ‫ري‬  ‫أن‬   ‫أي‬ ،2(»ً‫ا‬ ‫ل‬   ‫أ‬   ‫اإ‬ 
.‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ 
 ‫ا‬ ،‫س‬
،‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫ز‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا؟‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫و‬  .»‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬ ‫أ‬« ‫ـ‬    ،‫ة‬  ‫د‬  ‫ى‬ ‫و‬
‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫ؤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ 

‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ »‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أ َم‬« ‫ـ‬   ‫ا‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬
‫ل‬ ‫سو‬   
 ‫زن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ز‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أم‬ ،‫ا‬‫د‬‫سد‬   ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ‫أم‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ،P
‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫وع‬‫و‬  ‫سو‬ ً ‫د‬ P
‫ساأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ 
   Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ O‫ة‬‫د‬
 ‫ض‬‫أ‬
.»‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أم‬« ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬
.90‫ض‬ ،6‫ ج‬،‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ 1(
.224‫ض‬ ،8‫ ج‬،‫س‬ ،‫ان‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬‫أ‬ 2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
114
‫ا‬ ‫ساأن‬ - ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬  O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ُ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫د‬  - ‫ة‬ ‫ات‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬

 ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ا‬  ً ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬
،‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫س ًا‬‫سو‬ - ‫ة‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫سا‬ ‫أت‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫أ‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫ون‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ون‬ - ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬‫ا‬
.‫وه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬       
 ‫ج‬‫ر‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬    ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ 
P
   ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫سر‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬  ً ‫ر‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬‫اأ‬
. ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫و‬  ‫د‬ ُ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬
ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ف‬‫سا‬ ‫ون؟‬‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬   ‫و‬‫ر‬
 
‫س‬ُ ‫ى‬‫د‬ُ ،
ٍ ‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  - ‫ة‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬
‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ا‬  ‫اأ‬ .‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ت‬‫ا‬ !‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬  .‫س‬
‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ . ُ ‫أن‬   ٌ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
 . ‫ده‬ ‫ل‬ ،
‫اب‬‫س‬
‫وع‬
ٍ
ٍ
ٍ  ‫و‬   .‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ 

 ‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬   .‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ P
 ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬
 ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  P‫رم‬‫أ‬
  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬   ‫اع‬‫د‬    ‫أن‬  ‫ان‬
.‫ة‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬    ‫اإن‬ ،‫ساع‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ 
‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫اه‬‫أ‬ ‫ل‬  :‫و‬ ‫ساع‬‫أ‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬
:‫ون‬‫و‬ ، ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ساب‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫سوء‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ .‫د‬ 
‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬   ! ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬  ‫إ‬
  ‫إن‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ،‫وي‬
 ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ،‫ا‬ !‫د‬ 
115
O‫ر‬ّ ‫ط‬ ‫سهمق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫س‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  .‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬
‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ - ‫د‬ ‫وع‬‫س‬‫أ‬
ٍ  ‫رف‬  -  ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ون‬
ٍ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ،‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ُ  
 ‫د‬
.ً ‫د‬‫ر‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ 
 ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ، 

  .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ َ ‫إن‬
O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ .ً ‫ر‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
  ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  
 ‫أي‬  
  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ز‬  ‫ ًة‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ 
.
 ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬  ‫سا‬ ‫م‬ ‫اأ‬ O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫ذ‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ .»‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬«   ‫اك‬
، ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ،‫ا‬ .‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬
‫ر‬  
ٍ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫سرع‬‫أ‬ ٍ ‫سو‬ ‫ات‬ ‫و‬
‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ 12 ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬
‫ا‬ ‫ساط‬ ‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫أي‬  ً ‫د‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫ساط‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫؟‬‫سر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬‫ا‬  
‫ ٍأب‬   
 ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬
‫أن‬  ‫أ‬ .‫رم‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 50  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ره‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬  
[07/02/1377].ً ‫د‬ 
  ‫ذ‬ ‫؟‬ً ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ون‬
‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫ت‬‫سا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ى‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  
 P
   ،O‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫إن‬ !‫ا‬‫د‬   P
ٌ
 ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬
‫ى‬
ً ‫ى‬ ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬ 

 ،‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ ٌة‬‫س‬‫س‬  .‫ا‬   ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬  
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ 
  ‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
116
  ‫إ‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬
ً  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ، ‫؟‬ ‫د‬    ‫إ‬
 
25 ‫أ‬ 18 ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫ذه‬ .‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫س ًا‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬
  ‫وت‬ ‫ج‬‫أ‬  ‫ون‬ - 25  18  [04/10/1370].‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬
‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫وي‬
‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬


‫ر‬‫ا‬  O‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .‫ات‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬
‫ي‬‫و‬


‫ ٌة‬  ‫ى‬  ‫ا‬ ‫�س ًا؛‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سا‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ،‫أ‬‫ر‬ ،‫سر‬ ‫سو‬ 
‫ض‬‫س‬
 .‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ز‬  ‫سا ٌن‬‫إ‬ ،‫سا‬ ‫ ٌد‬ ،‫سا‬ ‫إ‬
ٌ
  ٌ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ 
 ‫ا‬« :Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ P‫رم‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫اأ‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫دي‬  ‫ا‬ 
‫ون‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬  ٍ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
، ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ، ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬  ، ‫أ‬
‫وم‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،1(»‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫وؤ‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬
‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
.Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ْد‬ِ  .‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ساء‬ O
‫ ل‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ف‬‫آ‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬   ‫إ‬   
‫سا‬  ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫اك‬ ‫رك‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إن‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬« :O‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
.O‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫وي‬
‫ام‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،2(»‫ا‬ ‫اء‬

‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ،‫وي‬
‫ام‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫س‬  ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ٌ ‫أ‬‫ر‬

»‫ة‬‫د‬« .‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ات‬‫ر‬  ُ
.24 ‫ض‬ ،43 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
.24 ‫ض‬ ،43 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
117
O‫ر‬ّ ‫ط‬ ‫سهمق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫وي‬
‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬   ‫أي‬

‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ساء‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ 
‫و‬‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ساء‬   ‫ا‬   ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬   O
‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ 

‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ - ‫سر‬ ‫رن‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫أم‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫و‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬ 
  ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ز‬
‫و‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ، ‫ ٍو‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬ 
  ،‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ز‬
‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫س‬  ‫و‬  ‫إن‬ ، ‫أ‬ 
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫رف‬  .‫دم‬ ‫ب‬‫ذ‬‫س‬ ،O‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫وي‬
‫ام‬

‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ز‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬

‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ .‫ساء‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬   ‫و‬‫�س‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫أ‬  
‫ا‬‫ر‬   ‫ا‬ ‫�س‬  ‫و‬   ‫وق‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫وع‬‫ر‬ ‫وي‬
‫ام‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫اء‬

‫ذ‬ ‫وي‬
‫سر‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ذ‬ ‫رع‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬

Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ ْد‬ِ
‫ساء‬ ‫د‬ .‫ذه‬  ‫أ‬‫ر‬ .P

[26/10/1368].‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬  
‫ي‬‫سيا‬ ‫اد‬ O‫ا‬‫حيا‬
‫ ًا‬ .‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬  O ‫ر‬  ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ٌة‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ج‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬  .‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ك‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬
‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫رف‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ده‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ،‫سري‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬

O‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫رف‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬  
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬ .R‫سو‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ P‫ا‬‫أ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬
 ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬   ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ 
‫ض‬‫س‬
‫سا‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ .‫ا‬ ً ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫وي‬
‫وؤ‬‫أ‬  ‫اأ‬ 

‫أن‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ز‬ ،‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫أي‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬  
 ،‫ذ‬ .‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  ً ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬   ‫ر‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬   .O‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫وي‬
‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬

 ‫ا‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ات‬‫سوؤ‬  ،‫ة‬    ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬   ‫رف‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬
‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اءت‬  ،P‫رم‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬
ٍ  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬   ‫و‬ ‫ذت‬ 
‫ذ‬ .‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬    ‫رف‬  ،‫ى‬
ً  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  
‫وم ل‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ 
119
O‫ر‬ّ ‫ط‬ ‫سهمق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫اء‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬  ، ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬
.‫ده‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ ًة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬
‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ .‫ث‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫س‬  .O
‫أ‬ .‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬   ،‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬‫ا‬ ً ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ساء‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ،‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫�ض‬
 ،‫ساء‬   ‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬
‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وؤ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ات‬   ‫أن‬ 
‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ان‬  ‫سا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ب‬
 ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬   ً  ‫ان‬
‫ا‬‫�س‬  ‫ى‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬
‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬  .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬‫و‬  ‫�س ًا‬
[22/09/1368].‫�س ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  O‫ر‬  ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬
‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ساء‬  ‫إن‬  ‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫ذن‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ات‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫ز‬ 
،‫و‬   ‫دت‬ُ ٌ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ .‫ون‬‫�س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ ٍأب‬ ‫�س‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬   ‫�س‬‫أ‬

‫رع‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬   ‫د‬ ‫س‬  .‫سى‬ُ  ‫ذي‬  
‫وع‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ‫سرت‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ة‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬
‫رت‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫اف‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫ر‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬
   ،‫ل‬ ‫س‬  ً ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ 
ٍ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
 ،‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 11 ‫و‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫د‬ 
 ‫ل‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬
ٍ  ‫ا‬   ‫ج‬‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
120
‫ ًة‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫رب‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  
‫د‬‫ا‬
‫ر‬
ٍ

ٍ
ٍ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫دي‬
‫ة‬  ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬   ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ،ً ‫إ‬ O
،   ‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬
‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫�سا‬  ‫ا‬


 ‫م‬‫ر‬
 ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬   ‫اع‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬

ٍ ‫ ٌر‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذه‬ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
‫ر‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ة‬    O‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ ًة‬ - ‫س‬  ‫أم‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬ - ‫سر‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬  ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬ ،‫ا‬
ً ‫سا‬
[26/10/1368].‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬
‫اد‬ ‫ي‬ O‫ا‬‫حيا‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬  .‫ة‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ 
‫م‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ة‬  ،
  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫س‬  O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬
‫سو‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اء‬ ‫اء‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  ،‫س‬
‫ة‬

‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬     ‫ا؛‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬

‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ات‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫اأ‬ 
‫ذب‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬  ‫دث‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫س‬
ً  ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
[25/09/1371].‫ة‬
‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ا‬
‫م‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ُ ‫ذ‬  

‫س‬ - ‫ة‬‫س‬ 24 ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ 20 ‫أ‬ 18 ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ة‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬     - ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ف‬
 ‫ة‬   ،)‫ا‬‫س‬(‫اب‬ ‫ء‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬
.‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ ًا‬ 80  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫اأ‬ .‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫رب‬
ٌ
  ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬ ،‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ 10 ‫وم‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬
 ‫أي‬ - ‫ة‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ .ُ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ذه‬ ،ُ  ‫ى‬ُ ‫ا‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬
 ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫سو‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ 
،ُ ‫م‬   ‫ض‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ى‬  ‫اء‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬ .‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
122
  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬   ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬
 ‫ذي‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  .‫ا‬ ‫ ٌد‬‫أ‬ 
ِ  ،‫ا‬  َ
 ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫�سوع‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 1400 ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ،  ‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫د‬
[07/02/1377].‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬
 ُ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬
‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬   O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ساب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ .‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬
‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬

O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫رب‬
‫د‬ ،‫وم‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  P
 ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ .‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ً ‫ز‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬   ‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫ت‬‫سا‬
.‫ا‬
‫أب‬ ‫سا‬ ‫س‬ ،Q

 ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ، ‫س‬ ‫س‬
‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬‫ذ‬    
  ‫ذ‬‫اأ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫أت‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
.‫ساء‬ ‫ات‬‫سا‬ ‫وب‬ ‫ا‬    ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬
‫س‬ ‫و‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ :‫سري‬


‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬   ‫ل‬ ‫دت‬ 
  ‫إن‬ O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ل‬ ‫د‬   ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬Q‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ .1(»‫ا‬‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫و‬«
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ .» ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬«- ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬ 
‫ا‬‫�سا‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫د‬،‫ات‬‫وؤ‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫إ‬ Q‫س‬
‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اه‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬« :‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اح‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬ .2(»‫د‬   ‫ا‬ 
 ‫ا‬ :‫ا‬ ‫رك؟‬
،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫اع‬‫د‬  ،‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  

.341 ‫ض‬،3‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
.81-82‫ض‬ ،43‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
123
O‫ر‬ّ ‫ط‬ ‫سهمق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬   ،P
  ‫اع‬‫د‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫اع‬‫د‬ 
‫ساأن‬ ‫ر‬  Q‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬   .1(»ً‫ر‬‫أ‬    �‫أ‬ ‫ا‬« :O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
.‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ،‫ة‬
‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  .‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ،‫م‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
 ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً ‫ر‬ ً ‫و‬ ً  P

‫س‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ان‬ ً ‫د‬ O‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫اأ‬ ، ‫ا‬
 ‫ذه‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ره‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬    L ‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ .O ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫ذه‬ .‫ه‬‫و‬  ‫د‬‫س‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬
‫اء‬ ‫ر‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫إن‬
‫أن‬ ،‫اح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ذ‬
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ز‬ 
 
  ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬
  ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫ذ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ون‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬   ‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ج‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ة‬ ‫ي‬ ،‫د‬ُ  ‫ذ‬  ً ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ؤ‬‫ر‬
 ‫�س‬‫أ‬ ‫أم‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ساءه‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ،ً  ً ‫د‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،
‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬    ،‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫�ساء‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬
‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬  ‫ذه‬ ،‫أم‬ ‫إ‬      ‫و‬ ،‫سام‬
ٍ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬
[25/09/1371].‫ة‬‫س‬
.134 ‫ض‬ ،43‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
‫س‬‫خام‬ ‫ف�ص‬
Q‫ن ا‬‫م ا‬‫ا‬
.‫خ‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ظ‬‫أ‬ ❊
.‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ع‬‫سر‬ ❊
‫ا‬   
‫ح‬ ‫ة‬‫ ا‬‫رو‬‫ا‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ Q‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫إن‬
ٌ‫دث‬ - ‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ٌد‬‫ر‬ ،‫ري‬‫س‬

‫ ًا‬‫�سا‬‫إ‬ ‫دم‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫س‬   ، ‫أ‬ ‫سد‬
 
. ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ 
 ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ ًا‬‫�س‬
‫ن‬‫و‬    ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ر‬    ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫إن‬

‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫اء‬ ،‫د‬ ‫رك‬  ،‫د‬ ‫�سة‬ 
‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬
‫أن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫وف‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫دي‬‫و‬
‫ر‬

‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ P
 ‫د‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬
‫دم‬  ‫و‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫وؤ‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ 
.‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬  
  ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ،P
 ‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ث‬ ‫د‬
   ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ذ‬ُ   ‫ات‬‫�س‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ا‬
‫ام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ،‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ P
‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫دم‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬


 ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
128
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫�سة‬
‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ا‬  ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬   ،‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ر‬ ،P
،‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬    ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫س‬  ‫ى‬
‫ام‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬   ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
‫�سا‬
‫ا‬
‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬




‫�س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫د‬  ‫و‬ .‫ساع‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ات‬ 
. ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ 
 ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ ًا‬ُ‫د‬ُ
‫اع‬‫س‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫ر‬ ‫د‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ - ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬   .‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬
 . ‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬  ،Q‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ 
‫د‬‫سو‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫دث‬  ‫ساء‬
‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اء‬  ‫س‬   ، ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫�سة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬  ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫د‬  ‫ى‬

‫ذي‬  - ‫ان‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫أي‬ ،P
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‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ - ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫�سة‬  - ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ان‬
‫ ٌن‬ ‫ ٌن‬ :‫ر‬  ‫اءه‬ ‫ن؟‬‫سر‬‫ا‬   :‫ساأ‬ ،‫و‬  ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬  ‫ض‬ ‫و‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ن‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫أي‬ ،1(»‫ر‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ا‬‫و‬ « :ً ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ .  ‫ا‬‫و‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬
‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذه‬
. ‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬  ،‫ة‬‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬

.234 ‫ض‬ ،1 ‫ ج‬،‫س‬‫ر‬ ،‫اج‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اج‬
1(
129
Q‫إ‬ ‫سل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫ا‬‫د‬ ، ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬
‫ج‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫وغ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ض‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ 
Q ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬   ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ان‬ .‫د‬
‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ً ‫سد‬
 ‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ً  ‫سا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ .Q
‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ى‬ ‫سا‬ ً  - ‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬ 
.‫ ًا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫دم‬ 
 ‫س‬
 ‫ا‬ ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬   ‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬  ‫ان‬  ‫د‬ ‫دم‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬  ‫ات‬ ‫س‬
‫ام‬ ‫إ‬  ،‫س‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ر‬   Q‫ى‬
‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  .Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ Q ، .‫س‬ ٌ ‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬   
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.    ‫ذي‬  
‫د‬‫س‬

 ‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫؟‬P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫آ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ 
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اغ‬‫س‬
Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ك‬‫سا‬ Q‫و‬ ،Q
  ‫س‬  ‫إ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬  ‫ده‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ 
.  ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫دم‬  ‫ان‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
.Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬
‫س‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  - ‫ر‬  ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬    ،Q ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ - ‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ان‬ ‫و‬ :‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ،1(»‫ر‬ُ  ‫ز‬« ،Q‫س‬
.15 ‫ض‬ ،16 ‫ ج‬،‫د‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬  ‫سرح‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
130
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ، ،‫س‬   ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫و‬ ،‫س‬   ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دث‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬   ً ‫د‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ Q
.‫س‬ 
‫ح‬‫ة وا‬‫ ا‬‫رو‬
‫ا‬‫و‬ . ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬‫ا‬   ،‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫آ‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫وم‬‫ر‬  .‫ ًا‬ ً ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  
‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ،» « ‫ا‬  ، ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬‫سو‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬
-  ‫ر‬ )1348( ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬  ‫اب‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ - ‫ك‬
‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ط‬‫سر‬    ،‫ط‬‫سر‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬  ،‫ا‬‫س‬ 
ٍ   ‫ض‬
‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،ً ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫و‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫و‬ .‫ا‬
ُ  ‫ف‬‫ر‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬‫�س‬ ‫رك‬  ‫ام‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ى‬ ً ‫ذ‬ 
.‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬  ً ‫د‬‫س‬
‫أن‬  ‫آن‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬   ‫ة‬‫�س‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ 
‫ة‬ ‫اء‬‫ذ‬ Q ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬   
‫ام‬ ‫د‬ .Q‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬    ‫ذي‬  - ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   
ٍ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ر‬‫س‬ - ‫ده‬   Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫دت‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ى‬ ‫ان‬   ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬    ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ ًر‬ 
.‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫سر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫ة‬

،‫د‬  ‫ذي‬  ، ‫ع‬‫ا‬ ،‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫�ض‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ٌ ‫ر‬ 
131
Q‫إ‬ ‫سل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫�ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ه‬‫ز‬
‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ي‬‫و‬
‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .‫�سة‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ذ‬     ،‫ت‬‫ز‬


 ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ي‬‫و‬
ّ ‫ر‬
ٍ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  Q ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬

‫ة‬‫ر‬ - ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ . ‫ة‬‫س‬    ‫ ًا‬‫سو‬
‫ت‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أن‬ ،‫س‬ P
 ‫د‬  ً ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ - ‫و‬
  ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ .‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫د‬ ‫زي‬
 ‫سو‬    ‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬    .R‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ Q ‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ R ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ R
.‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫سد‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬   .‫سد‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ات‬ ‫اك‬
‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬‫س‬  ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬
 ‫ا‬
ً
‫ج‬‫ز‬ ‫وث‬   ‫ه‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫د‬

ً  ‫ان‬   ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ .‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫وث‬
.‫ ًا‬‫س‬
‫ح‬‫ن ا‬ ‫ة‬‫غ‬‫ا‬
- ‫�سة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬
‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ - ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وي‬   ‫اث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬
 ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬    ،‫آ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ .‫ر‬ ‫د‬   ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫اأ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫و‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬   ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ر‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬  
 ‫سر‬  ‫د‬‫و‬‫ا‬ .ً ‫و‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫د‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫ا‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
132
‫ة‬ .‫د‬‫و‬  ‫سو‬ ‫ذه‬  ،  ‫ ٌد‬ ‫و‬ ،ٌ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ 
ٍ ‫و‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫رق‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ٌر‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
‫ر‬    ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
 ‫س‬ ‫وؤ‬  ُ ‫د‬ ، 
‫�س‬
‫ى‬ ‫د‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫اإن‬ ،‫ة‬  .  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬

 ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ .‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬‫ا‬
  ،‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬
.ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رك‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫اف‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
   ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫سا‬ ‫رن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س‬
‫ا‬  ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫سر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫اك‬
‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ - ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬
  ‫اب‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬
.‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ، ‫أم‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫س‬
 ‫غ‬‫ر‬‫اإ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫زت‬  ‫د‬
‫�سا‬  ‫ا‬‫سو‬ ‫ا‬  ‫إ‬ ،
‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬

.‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ 
‫د‬  ‫ء‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬  ‫و‬  ‫د‬
 ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫وؤ‬
‫سو‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬ - ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ ل‬ٍ ‫س‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ - P
 ‫ي‬‫إ‬
  ‫ام‬  ً ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫د‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬

،‫ت‬‫ز‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫اف‬‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬
.‫سا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ات‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬  
‫ة‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ 
133
Q‫إ‬ ‫سل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫رق‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ،ً ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ر‬‫س‬
ً ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫دح‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ام‬
 .‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ؤ‬‫سا‬‫ا‬‫وه‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫سد‬‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫و‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  . ‫أ‬  ‫ز‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬
  ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫اك‬ .‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ً ‫ا‬ ، ‫س‬‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ف‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫اب‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ 
 ‫ن‬‫ر‬ .  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬  ، ‫ون‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫س‬

‫ض‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ،‫ا‬  ‫ن‬ ‫د‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ - ‫ذ‬ .‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬
.‫آن‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ز‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ون‬‫�س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
!‫سان‬‫إ‬   ‫ا‬ !   ‫ا‬ ، ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬  ‫دم‬
‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫ح‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫إ‬   ‫أ‬
‫ ًا؟‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ ًا؟‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬   ‫ا‬‫إ‬
 ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 ‫رج‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬« ‫أ‬ »‫ا‬« ‫ي‬‫ر‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ »‫ا‬‫أ‬

 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫اء‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫س ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬
ً ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫دث‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ن‬‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ 
‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬  »‫ان‬ ‫أ‬« ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫اأ‬
‫ساب‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬   .‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ر‬  ‫و‬
‫ض‬    ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ ٌر‬
‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ 
  ‫إ‬ ،‫د‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ .  ‫ى‬ ‫س‬
 ‫د‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
 ‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫إن‬ : ‫ا‬ ، 
‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى؟‬ ‫أ‬ !‫؟‬  ‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ :‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اب‬‫اأ‬ ،
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
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‫دم‬ ‫ن‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫اإ‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬
! ‫ر‬‫س‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ساب‬‫أ‬ ، 
ٌ :‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ . 
‫س‬ُ ‫ذ‬‫أ‬  !‫ ٌم‬  ‫إ‬ ،‫ه‬ :‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫سرب‬  ، ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ، :‫اب‬‫اأ‬
 ‫ا‬ِ ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫ان‬‫ر‬ ُ‫رت‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬  ‫و‬ :‫سا‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬
‫ذ‬ :‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬   ‫ؤك‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  :‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ساأ‬ !‫ذ‬   
!‫ة‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬ُ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬   ،‫وك‬ ‫د‬ :‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ذه‬

‫ام‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬  ‫اء‬ ‫اء‬‫ز‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬  
‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ر‬
‫ا‬ ،‫اء‬ ‫ح‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬
 ُ  ،‫و‬‫أ‬

 ‫نٌ؟‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  :‫ساء‬  ،‫س‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
 ...‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ساب‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ؤه؟‬‫ا‬‫آ‬ 
‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬ 
‫ر‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬  ،‫ه‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫د‬ 

.‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫ان‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬   ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫؟‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬   :‫اط‬  ‫ساأ‬ ، ‫ا‬  ‫اط‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ً  ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اط‬  ‫ان‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ً ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ن‬‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ 
‫ة‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬  ‫ك‬‫اأ‬ .‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ، :‫ن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ، ‫أم‬   ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ساأ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ان‬ .‫�س‬ ‫د‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ز‬  
 ‫إ‬ !‫د‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ !‫اط‬  ‫ذب‬  ُ ، ‫ره‬ ‫س‬
‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬  ‫س‬ ،‫ذ‬  .‫ة‬‫و‬  Q  ‫د‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ 
ٍ  ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ،‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
135
Q‫إ‬ ‫سل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫أ‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ُ ‫ة‬‫س‬   ‫ر‬ 
.‫ام‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ات‬‫آ‬
‫ح‬ ‫ة‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬
‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬

‫ا‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫رف‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫آن‬‫ر‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
‫س‬  ‫ر‬ R‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سد‬ ، ‫ا‬
‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ،Q‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫�س‬ . ‫و‬
ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ - ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫�سة‬ 

 ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ز‬ ،‫اء‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬

‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬


‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫س‬‫و‬   .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ‫اف‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫اه‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ،‫سر‬  Q‫ى‬
،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ .Q‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
  ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬‫س‬


.‫ا‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ر‬  ‫ن‬‫ز‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ 
‫آ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�سو‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫وء‬ ‫و‬
‫ى‬  
‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬     ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ P


.‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬  
  ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫رب‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫و‬
،‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ،P
 ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫رب‬
‫د‬‫س‬   ‫ا‬  ُ  ،‫دي‬
 ُ  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ُ 
‫ه‬‫سد‬‫أ‬  ٌَ ‫ذ‬ ،
‫ه‬‫ا‬‫اإ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬ 

[22/01/1369].‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬  Q‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
136
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬  .‫س ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ .ٌ ‫س‬ ‫دث‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
‫ض‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬ ،‫و‬  ،‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ط‬‫سر‬  . ‫ ًا‬  
،‫ ًا‬‫إ‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ط‬‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
‫رب‬ُ ‫ب‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬‫أي‬ 1({‫}ﭛﭜﭝﭞ‬
‫ض‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ُ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ 
،‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ، ‫ء‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬  
 ‫ة‬‫س‬ 20 ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ، ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬
.‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ .Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اء‬   ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬
[13/03/1379].‫سنة‬ 25 ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬  ‫أ‬
‫ح‬‫ ا‬‫راض ع‬‫ع‬‫ا‬
،‫ت‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬‫ون‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫د‬،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ام‬‫إ‬‫سا‬‫أن‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ـ‬   ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫�س‬
‫ذ‬ ‫س‬  ‫إ‬  ‫ون‬‫و‬ ،2(»‫وؤ‬ ‫ذ‬«
‫�ض‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ‫وؤ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬
‫ان‬ ‫ون‬‫�س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬
‫ات‬ ‫سات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫د‬ .ً ‫د‬
‫ }ﯜﯝﯞﯟﯠ‬:    ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ ٌة‬  .3({‫ﯡﯢﯣ‬
 ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫اع‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ 
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬
.54 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫سو‬
.308 ‫ض‬ ،‫و‬ 
.111 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
3(
137
Q‫إ‬ ‫سل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬   ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬    Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  
‫س‬  ‫إ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ذ‬ .‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬
 ‫أن‬ 

‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اك‬   ‫ون؟‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ 
.‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬َ َ   ‫س‬ُ - ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ان‬ ‫اء‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ .Q‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ - ‫سر‬ُ 
 ،‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫�س‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬  ‫سان‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ ‫و‬
.‫د‬  ‫دث‬  ٍ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q .‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ان‬  ‫و‬  ‫و‬  ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ده‬  ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬
‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬  ‫د‬  .‫س‬ ‫ب‬‫و‬
ٍ ‫أي‬ 
‫ض‬ ‫د‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
.‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫اع‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ 
 ‫إن‬ ،‫ا‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ذ‬
،ً  ‫ان‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫سر‬   ‫اأ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ 
‫سا‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ .ً ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
 ،‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ة‬‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫سد‬‫ا‬
]6 ،‫م‬‫س‬ ‫سد‬‫ة پا‬[.Q‫س‬
 ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ُ « :‫و‬  Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
‫و‬ ‫ى‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ا‬ 1(»
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ 10‫ و‬Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 30 ‫ر‬ ‫د‬
.368 ‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
138
 ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ل‬ .‫زم‬ ‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫د‬ )‫ب‬‫و‬(‫ة؟‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ !‫ب‬‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫ض‬ ،ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫ا‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ه‬‫ز‬ 
 ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ - ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬    ،‫اه‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ L
‫ا‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ .
  - ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬
‫أن‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ان‬ .‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  ،‫سر‬
 ‫د‬ .‫س‬ ‫ان‬  ‫وه‬
.‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫دث‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬
‫ل‬ � ‫د‬   ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬  ُ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ « :Q‫و‬ 
‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬   ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ .1(»‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ره‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬
‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬  .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ 140 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وم‬  ‫أي‬ ...‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬  
 R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اأ‬  ‫د‬ ،Q‫س‬
!‫ة؟‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫أن‬  .‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫و‬
[13/03/1379].‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   .‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫رى ا‬ ‫ح و‬‫ا‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬
  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ .‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬
- ‫ة‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٌء‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
.268 ‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
139
Q‫إ‬ ‫سل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ث‬‫و‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ا‬ P
 ‫سر‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬
‫ ٌء‬ ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ،‫ذ‬ - ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ 
،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬   ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ ٌة‬ ‫ا‬  .‫ة‬  ‫ث‬‫و‬‫ا‬
.  ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ري‬‫س‬
‫د‬ُ    ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬


‫ان‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ 
‫ر‬  ‫ى‬   ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ري‬‫س‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬

.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  ً ‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬  ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سة‬
.‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫�س‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬َ َ  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬  .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫و ٌع‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫وع‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫سا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫سا‬ .‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫سو‬ ‫ض‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سو‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  .‫س‬‫إ‬
   ‫إ‬ ، ‫س‬

‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫د‬ 

ّ  ،‫ا‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫د‬  ‫ا‬ 
‫ون‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬ 180 ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ي‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذه‬
،‫ا‬ .‫وب‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬
  ،‫سة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ٍة‬  ‫س‬  ‫ة‬ 180 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ، ‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
.‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ا‬  ‫ع‬‫ر‬
:‫ض‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اك‬
،‫سا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ٌ ‫سا‬   Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ : ‫أ‬
ّ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫وم‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ،
ّ  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ا‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ 
 ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬ ‫ت‬‫ز‬ 
‫سا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫؟‬
‫ ًا؟‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ 
‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ :‫ا‬
‫؟‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أي‬ - ‫د‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ا‬  ‫سا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ :‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫د‬‫س‬   ‫رق‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ام؟‬‫إ‬
‫ذه‬   ‫ا‬  ‫زم‬ ‫ى‬ ‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫سة‬  :‫ر‬
‫؟‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ث؟‬‫د‬‫أ‬
‫سو‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫؟‬‫و‬ ‫اه‬ ‫سر‬ ‫وك‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬  :‫ض‬‫ا‬
.‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫وك‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬  :‫ض‬‫سا‬
‫ر؟‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة؟‬‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ة؟‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ :‫سا‬
141
Q‫إ‬ ‫سل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ وا‬‫ ا‬ ‫ئ‬‫خ‬
‫و‬  .‫ا‬ُ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫اك‬ ،‫ا‬    ‫ض‬‫سا‬   ‫ا‬
،  ‫ا‬  ‫اإن‬ .‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ ٍة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫ان‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫أ‬  ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أي‬
‫أن‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫؟‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ .‫د‬
‫د‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ، ‫ان‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬
‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬

  ‫رك‬  ‫أن‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ . ‫إ‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬
‫سو‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ام‬‫و‬‫ام‬‫ون‬‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫د‬ ‫إ‬

‫ة‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫ز‬ ‫ساك‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬
‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬  .‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ُ ‫أن‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬
.‫و‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫س‬‫ر‬
 ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ى‬  ‫ذ‬
. ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫سا‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ان‬ 
ٍ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ده‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ساك‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
.‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ...‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬ 
ٍ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ساك‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ا‬
.‫سا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
ٌ
‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ .‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬  ‫آن‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬‫و‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫اإن‬ .‫سو‬‫أ‬   ‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫و‬   ‫إن‬ ،‫ا‬ِ َ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ 
.‫ ًا‬  ‫س ًا‬‫سا‬
 ً ‫د‬  ‫د‬ ُ ‫ذ‬  . ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫د‬‫اأ‬
 ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬     ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  ‫وم‬
ٍ  .‫ة‬‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫رب‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
142
   ‫س‬ ‫رب‬  -Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫وف‬‫س‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 
  ‫ان‬ ، ‫ر‬  -Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
 ،‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫د‬ 
،‫ا‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ، ‫ى‬ ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬ 
ٍ
، ‫ر‬  ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  .‫و‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬
‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ر‬  ، ‫س‬  ‫ون‬ ‫س‬  ‫ب؟‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬
  ‫و‬‫و‬ ،‫ذ‬  P
 ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫ذ‬  ،‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ 
ً ‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫دت‬ ‫د‬ - ‫سر‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬
‫س‬‫ا‬    ‫ذ‬ - ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ساأن‬
‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سا‬
‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫رف‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اإ‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ساأن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ؤ‬ ‫ره‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫رف‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫و‬  ‫ة‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫سر‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫و‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  
.‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ً   ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫�سو‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫اك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬   ‫د‬
‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫�س‬ .‫ا‬    ‫إ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫رب‬
ٍ  ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ال‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ،‫وم‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ،‫ن‬‫ا‬
‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  .‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬   ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   
‫ذه‬  ‫ان‬ - ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ - ‫ان‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذه‬  ،‫وه‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬   ،P‫رم‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
ٌ
 .‫سو‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ 
  ‫ف‬
 ‫ة‬‫ر‬
143
Q‫إ‬ ‫سل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
.‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬
، ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫س ًا‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬   ،ً ‫ا‬ ً  ‫ض‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬
‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ى‬  ‫ا‬    ‫أن‬  ،‫اء‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬
‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫سو‬  
  ً ‫ا‬ ‫اك‬ ‫أن‬ :‫ا‬    ‫ض‬‫سا‬ .‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ُ ‫ا‬ .‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬  ً ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وؤ‬    ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫أي‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
‫ة‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ  .‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ 

‫ساك‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫اك‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬   ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬  
 ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ر‬
ٍ  ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ .‫د‬‫ا‬
. ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ساك‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬  ‫اإ‬ ‫دث‬ ‫ا‬
‫ ا‬ ‫ وا‬‫ ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫ذ‬  ‫ا؟‬‫د‬‫س‬   ‫سا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
،‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬   ‫ز‬  ‫وم‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ .ً ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ء‬‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
ّ ،‫د‬ 
‫ذه‬ ‫د‬‫اأ‬ .‫ان‬ ‫ف‬ ‫س‬  ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬  ،‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬
‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ذي‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ون؛‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫ر‬
‫أي‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫م‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫وع‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫�سات‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬
‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫دي‬
ٍ 
  ‫ر‬ُ  ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬
‫د‬‫س‬   .‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬    ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ،P
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ 
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
144
‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫أ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ده‬ . ‫ى‬ ‫ري‬

 ‫و‬ ،‫ق‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬  
  ‫ده‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ذي‬ 
 - ‫و‬
‫ر‬ ‫س‬
‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬    - ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬


:‫ون‬ ‫وؤ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ساأن‬ .‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫أي‬  ‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬ ،1(»‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اءه‬‫أ‬ ْ  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ْذك‬‫أ‬«
ٍ
‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫ا‬       ‫ض‬  ،‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ، ‫سوء‬
‫د‬ . ‫�س‬  ،‫وب‬ ‫ا‬     ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ 
 ‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬  
 ‫ان‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬
ٍ  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .‫و‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ .R
 ‫اأ‬  ‫و‬ ،‫س‬  ‫س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬
‫دي‬
 ‫اأ‬ .‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ 
ً‫ا‬  ‫إن‬  ‫دي‬ ‫ا‬« :‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫سر‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫دي‬
  .»‫د‬  ‫ذ‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬   ‫أ‬ ، 
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ُ  ‫ا‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬« :‫و‬
‫ض‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ R ‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫اأ‬    ‫ان‬ .2(»ً‫ا‬  
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ان‬ . ‫ان‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
،‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫دق‬ ‫س‬ُ   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬    .‫ ًا‬  ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ :‫و‬
.‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ،‫م‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫إ‬ ‫دم‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬    .ً ‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫م‬‫إ‬   ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ . ‫أي‬   ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬
.214 ‫ض‬ ،44 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
.360 ‫ض‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫د‬
1(
2(
145
Q‫إ‬ ‫سل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫ض‬  ‫ا‬  .‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫ذب‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اج‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬
‫ده‬ ‫ا‬
،‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬    ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫إ‬ .‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫ذب‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬

‫د‬ ،‫سا‬‫و‬   ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬  ‫أن‬ ‫و‬
.
‫سرب‬ُ ‫أ‬ ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫د‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫أن‬  ‫سام‬ ‫أ‬ 
 ،‫ر‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ذ‬  ،‫ذ‬  ‫دق‬ ‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ،‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ .‫ب‬‫ر‬
 ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫أ‬   ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫؛‬‫و‬ ‫و‬
،‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ُ  ،‫سام‬  ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬   ،‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬
‫ان‬ .‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬      ‫إ‬ 
 ‫ام‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .
 ‫آ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫إ‬
‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫أ‬   ‫أي‬ - ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ُ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سون‬
‫ون‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ُ ‫ذي‬  ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ذ‬ - ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬
  ،‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ 
Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ،‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫إ‬ ، ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬
،P
 ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫رب‬‫أ‬ »2(ً‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ 1(‫وم‬ �‫أ‬« ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ 
‫د‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ .‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫سر‬ ُ   ُ ‫ان‬
.‫ذ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬   ‫ا‬ ،‫ ًة‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬   ‫ذي‬  ،‫ز‬‫ز‬
13 ‫أ‬ 12 ‫د‬ ،‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ،‫ه‬‫د‬  ،‫ن‬‫ر‬   ‫د‬ ‫د‬
،‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫اء‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬
.»‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ان‬« ،201‫ض‬ ،15‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
‫أ‬ ،‫ ًا‬ُ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ..« ،383 ‫ض‬ ،11‫ ج‬،‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫و‬
)‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سد‬ ‫�سر‬   ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫م‬ (.»‫ ًا‬ ‫ال‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
146
‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬  .‫سام‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫آ‬  ‫د‬ ‫د‬ 
‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫و‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ 
  ‫ون‬
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ،‫أ‬ .‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬
.‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ٍ  ‫أ‬ ‫د ٍث‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬
ٍ  َ   ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬‫ر‬
‫د‬
 ‫ا‬
ٍ ‫ق‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ره‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬

.‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫دح‬  R ‫أ‬ ‫م‬   ، ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ساأ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ف‬‫ر‬  ‫دب‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ُ ‫ذ‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ،P
 ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ ،1(»‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ «
‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫سة‬
  ‫س‬  ، P
 ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬

   ‫د‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬
ٍ   ‫ر‬‫س‬ 
،   ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ساء‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ن‬‫ذ‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ن‬ 
،P
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫أن‬ ‫اأ‬   ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
،‫ا‬‫أ‬  :‫ا‬ ، ‫ذ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ِ :P
  ‫ا‬
 ، ‫ا‬ِ :P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬
  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬
:‫سو‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ،  ،
 ‫أ‬ :‫سو‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ،

‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬     ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬   ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬
‫ز‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬‫إ‬  P
 ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫د‬   ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬
،»‫م‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ « ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
ِ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اإ‬ ،‫سر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اأ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬‫و‬   ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬
.‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬‫و‬  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫وؤ‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬

‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ُ ‫ذي‬  ‫ف‬‫ر‬ »‫ر‬ « ‫د‬
.»‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫سر‬  ‫سر‬ « ،334 ‫ض‬ ،4‫ ج‬، ‫�سره‬  
1(
147
Q‫إ‬ ‫سل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ر‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬   ‫دب‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫و‬
‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
‫�سره‬‫اأ‬ .‫و‬  ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ 
 ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ }ﭯ‬،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ‫أ‬  ‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ﭰﭱﭲﭳﭴﭵﭶﭷﭸﭹﭺﭻﭼﭽﭾ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .Q
ّ ‫ز‬ ‫د‬ 1({ ‫ﭿ‬
  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬   ،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫م‬
  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ات‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬
.‫ا‬ ‫ى‬
‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ً ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬  ‫وؤ‬ ‫س ًا‬‫س‬ ً  ‫وم‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬
،‫ده‬ ‫ذ‬‫اأ‬‫س‬ ‫سوع‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ 
 ،‫ا‬ ‫سوع‬‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬

  ‫ا‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬     ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬
  ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫آ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ 
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫آ‬  ‫إ‬ ،‫ر‬  ‫وق‬  ‫إ‬ ،‫ا‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ان‬  ‫و‬   ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬   Q
 ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫و‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬
‫أن‬ )‫ة‬‫ا‬( ‫أ‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫سان‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ُ   ،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬

  ‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬  ‫دب‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،Q
 ‫دث‬    ‫ون‬‫س‬ ) ( Q‫ ًا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ‫؛‬Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ 
‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫و‬     ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ُ  
‫ا‬‫د‬
ٍ
ٍ ‫د‬
.‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬
.204 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫سو‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
148
‫ }ﮠﮡﮢﮣﮤﮥﮦ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬   ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ذه‬ .   ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  1({ ‫ﮧﮨ‬
‫ذي‬  P
 ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  ً ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫دب‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ -  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ك‬‫ا‬  ‫ده‬‫سا‬
 ‫ان‬ ، ‫س‬  ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ك‬‫ا‬  ‫ك‬‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫د‬
‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫إن‬   ‫ا‬ - ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫وع‬ ‫ذ‬
،‫دب‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬  ،  ‫رح‬ .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ز‬
‫ذ‬  . :‫ا‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ‫س‬   ‫د‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ 
‫سا‬ ‫اإن‬    ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ط‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬‫و‬
 ‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫أ‬ 50  ‫سوف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ساأن‬   ،‫س‬‫س‬
 ‫�سة‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سون‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬   
،‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ان‬‫ز‬  ‫ات‬‫سا‬  ،‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سة‬
‫إن‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ .‫أ‬  ، :‫ا‬ ، ‫ ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬   ‫و‬‫ا‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫و‬  ‫ان‬ ‫دب‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ان‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اج‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫اأن‬  ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ره‬‫س‬
 ،‫رف‬‫أ‬  ، ‫أم‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬   ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫ا‬ .‫م‬‫سا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬   ‫ا‬‫د‬  ،  ‫ى‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬
  ،‫ ًا‬‫ر‬  ‫أ‬ 500 ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬  
.     ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬
‫و‬ 
ٍ  ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ه‬‫�سر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ 500 : ‫و‬‫و‬ ،‫أ‬ 500 ‫ـ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫رف‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬
‫ا‬   ً ‫سوؤ‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ . ‫أم‬ ‫س‬  ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬
.207 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫سو‬
1(
149
Q‫إ‬ ‫سل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬   ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ض‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫�سر‬ ‫أن‬
‫اج‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ت‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ذ‬ 
‫ى‬ ‫�س ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬ ‫وق‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬  ‫�سر‬‫اأ‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫؟‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ ٌز‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫أ‬ 500 ‫ـ‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
‫ة‬‫آ‬  ‫سر‬
 ،ِ  ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫أن‬ ٌ ‫س‬ .   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫اء‬ ‫اء‬ ‫أ‬‫ا‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫اأ‬‫ا‬

‫د‬  ‫ان‬‫أ‬   ‫د‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  ٌ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ،‫ا‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫وع‬ .‫م‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ان‬   ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ذه‬ ، ‫رت‬ ‫أ‬
.‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬    ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ض‬   ‫اإ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
ٌ
‫�ض‬
.‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ً  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫سا‬    ‫سا‬‫أ‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬ ، ،‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬
‫د‬ .‫رب‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬  ‫و‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫ى‬
‫ا‬‫�سا‬  Q‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫سرح‬  ‫اب‬  ‫رت‬
‫ب‬‫ر‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫ان‬  ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ان‬ ،L ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬ Q
‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ 
 ‫أن‬ ‫اف‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫؟‬L ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬   
‫ان‬ .P
 ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ .P‫رم‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬

 ‫و‬   ‫س‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫رب‬  ‫و‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫اءه‬‫أ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
150
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬
 ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،P

،‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫سو‬ ‫ا‬   Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬  ‫�سر‬
L ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ -  ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬
 ُ  ‫ذ‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬   ،‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬   ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫سا‬ Q
‫ا‬‫�سا‬  ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬
ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫�سو‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
 ‫ة‬  .‫�سو‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ 
Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬
  ٌ   ‫ان‬  ‫س‬

‫دت‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ .ً ‫ر‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س ًة‬‫ا‬
 ،  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ 
 ‫ان‬ Q‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .‫أ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ٌ ‫�سو‬
‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫رء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫رب‬
‫ا‬  .‫د‬ ‫و‬   ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬   ‫ذ‬  ُ ،‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،‫س‬
  .Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ً ‫و‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫ان‬
 Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫دت‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ً 
‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  ‫و‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
 ،‫ذ‬ . ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫و‬   ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫رب‬  ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬
‫ف‬‫ر‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ .Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ض‬
ٍ ‫أي‬  ‫د‬‫و‬
.‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ، ‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫د‬  ٍ ‫د‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ز‬
‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اإن‬ .‫�سر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫وف‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬ ‫�ض‬ 
.‫ ًا‬‫سر‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ً  ‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬
151
Q‫إ‬ ‫سل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ا‬  ‫إ‬
  ‫إن‬ ،‫م‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬

‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬
ٍ  ‫أي‬  ‫دم‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬    ‫اإ‬ .‫م‬‫إ‬  ‫وف‬  ‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا ٌء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬ .‫و‬  ‫سو‬    ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫ا‬   ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫اأ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬  .ً ‫ر‬  ‫ان‬ ‫و‬     ،  
‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ 
 ‫ذ‬   ‫سان؟‬‫إ‬ 
  ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ Q
 ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  
 ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫دم‬‫س‬   ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫و‬ ‫�ض‬
‫أ‬  
ٍ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  
   .
‫ف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ف‬  ‫إ‬  ‫ر‬    ‫أ‬  ،ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ Q‫ا‬
،1(»‫رب‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬  ‫ى‬  ‫و‬« :‫و‬ Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ،‫سو‬‫أ‬
 
 ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬
 .‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ذ‬   ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ 

‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ا ًء‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫رف‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
. ‫ز‬    ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ 
‫د‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬‫ا‬ .  ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬
  ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬   ‫اء‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬
 ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ .‫د‬ ‫اء‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  .‫ان‬ 
ٍ ‫اأي‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ .‫ر‬  ‫اإ‬ ،‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬
،2(»‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وب‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫وت‬« :‫و‬ Q
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ .  ‫أ‬   ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬   ‫أ‬ ‫و‬
.24‫ض‬ ،8 ‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
.128 ‫ض‬ ،75 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
152
‫أن‬     
ٍ ‫وم‬ ،‫ا‬    ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬
ّ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬
، ‫سى‬ 
ٍ  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫سا‬
ً ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ُ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ل‬ ‫ده‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ، ‫و‬
ٍ  ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬
‫ا‬‫د‬ .Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫�سر‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫أن‬  ‫د‬    ‫أ‬ ‫د‬
‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬    ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،‫و‬ ‫رف‬
‫أ‬  ‫ ٌم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬   ‫وم‬  ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬  ‫رب‬ ‫ى‬
ِ  )‫رب‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬(    ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫رب‬
ٍ

،‫و‬   ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬  ... ‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫رب‬‫أ‬  ‫�ض‬‫ا‬
.‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اق‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫ر‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ى‬  ،‫رب‬ 
‫اء‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ،‫و‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وه‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ Q
‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫د‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ،‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ 
.‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  .‫ة‬
‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ب ه‬‫أ‬
 ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫إن‬ ، ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ز‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬
‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ج‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬
  ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ام‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  .‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬
‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫و‬  ‫د‬
‫سر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ز‬‫ز‬ ،ً ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ . ‫ت‬‫ا‬     ‫دث‬ .‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬
153
Q‫إ‬ ‫سل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬    ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬   ،‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ 
‫و‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬  ً ‫د‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫وك‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬  Q
‫ض‬ ‫ى‬  ‫اإ‬ ،‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫سر‬‫اأ‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ، 
‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  .‫م‬‫ر‬   Q‫س‬
‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ . ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬  .‫ا‬‫و‬‫�س‬
.‫د‬ ‫م‬‫إ‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ً ‫س‬‫أ‬
 ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫أن‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫�ساء‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬  ‫و‬
 ‫آن‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ري‬
‫و‬ ‫ون‬ ً ‫س‬ ‫وه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وم‬‫س‬


‫أن‬  ً ‫د‬ ،‫س‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ر‬        ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ 

ّ ٍ ‫ا‬  
ً ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ً ‫ا‬   - ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ - ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬  ‫�س‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ 
 ‫�س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ً ‫ا‬   ‫س‬ ‫د‬ .Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
،
. ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أي‬ R ‫أ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬
  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .  ‫و‬    ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ 
‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ . ٍ‫ء‬‫س‬   ‫د‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬   ‫و‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫و‬‫�س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
.‫و‬
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ،R ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬

‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬  ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫�س‬‫س‬ ،‫و‬ ‫د‬ُ
 ،‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ر‬ ‫إ‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬



‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬    ‫ة‬‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬  
‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ده‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫اإ‬ ،Q
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
154
‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ذ‬.‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫ن‬‫ر‬
  ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ .‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫د‬  
‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬    ‫رق‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ .‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ .‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ 


‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬  ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ 
  ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
‫وم‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬   ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ .‫ذ‬
‫ا‬ 

‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬   .‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ 

Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ري‬
‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬

‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ع‬‫ر‬  ‫�ض‬  ‫ان‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫وع‬    ،ُ  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سة‬  ‫ذه‬ .‫سر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا ًء‬
[02/02/1368] .‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬   ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬

‫س‬‫صاد‬ ‫ف�ص‬
Q
‫ن‬‫م ا‬‫ا‬
.‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ❊
.Q‫س‬‫ح‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ❊
.‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬ ❊
‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫ائ‬ ‫رح‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫م‬
‫ة‬‫ة وا‬‫اخ‬‫ت ا‬‫ال‬
‫و‬  ،‫ز‬‫ز‬ ٍ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬    ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫سر‬‫س‬  ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬   ‫د‬ .‫ا‬ ‫رب‬  ‫ا‬  ،‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫سا‬
ٍ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬
ٍ ‫دن‬
‫ا‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫د‬  ‫ ٍة‬‫سا‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫اآ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫زه‬ 
‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫د‬  ،‫ر‬‫و‬   ،ٌ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫أ‬
.‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ل‬  ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اج‬
‫ر؟‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ا‬
 ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫ان‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫اك‬

.‫د‬
‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬

 ،‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫و‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬  ،‫دف‬‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫د‬

 ‫م‬‫د‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫سوؤ‬   ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ره‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬
‫ج‬‫ا‬   ،‫د‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬  ‫سو‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ج؟‬‫ا‬  ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬
،‫ام‬  ‫اء‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫ ٌء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬ .‫د‬  ‫ان‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ام‬
‫ى‬ ‫�ساء‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ .‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫ر‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬   ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ .‫سو‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫د‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫ح‬‫س‬ ،‫ح‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ،‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬

.‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫و ٌع‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ،ً  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
158
،‫ام‬   ‫أي‬ ،‫د‬
‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬  ‫د‬

‫ى‬ ،‫ام‬ ‫أ‬   .‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫اء‬‫ر‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ر‬‫سا‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ر‬   ‫اأ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬
ً ‫اأ‬ ‫و‬‫سا‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫سا‬
. ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ا‬ .‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ان‬‫و‬ - ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬ - ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ذ‬
‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ .‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ض‬
 ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ،‫آ‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ 

‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،1({ ‫ }ﭓﭔﭕ‬،‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬‫ا‬
 ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ء‬‫وؤ‬   ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ .‫ام‬  
. ‫د‬ ‫دي‬‫ا‬
‫�س‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬ 

‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ،‫د‬
   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ذ‬

‫ }ﭨﭩﭪﭫﭬﭭ‬،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬  ً ‫د‬
‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ...2({ ‫ﭮﭯﭰﭱﭲﭳ ﭴﭵ‬
 ‫إن‬ ، ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬‫ذ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬
  ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�س‬
 ‫س‬
‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫رك‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬  ،‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬  ،
.ً ‫د‬  ‫ ٌر‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫�سة‬ 
ٍ
‫اإن‬ ‫دث‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ، ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫سد‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
،‫رب‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ‫و‬ ‫رء‬
‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ات‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  .‫ت‬‫و‬
.73 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سو‬
.20 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫د‬‫د‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
159
Q‫سهل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
،‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ق‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اه‬‫سا‬ 
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬  
‫ض‬  ‫ا‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ‫؛‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ ًا‬ Q
 ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ،‫اك‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬  ‫ى‬  ‫د‬
‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ .ً ‫د‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ُ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬
‫ره‬ ً ‫ز‬   ‫ون‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ  ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬   
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ ٌر‬‫س‬ ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ا‬ .‫سة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  
  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ان‬‫أ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  - ‫ا‬
 ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬ .

 ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ب‬
 ،‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ‫ا‬‫د‬‫س‬   ‫د‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ 
‫ة‬  ‫أم‬ - P‫رم‬    ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫أ‬
 ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
ٍ ‫رك‬  ‫د‬ ‫و‬    ‫ان‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬
.‫د‬
‫سا‬

‫د‬ ‫�سى‬  ،‫ز‬  ٌ  ‫ر‬   ‫أ‬ ‫؛‬‫أ‬
   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
،‫ا‬‫ى‬‫سو‬ ،
 ‫د‬‫ات‬‫و‬‫ا‬.‫ة‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬‫سا‬

‫د‬ .‫اك‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬  
 ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫اق‬ ‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ف؛‬‫سر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اك‬ ‫سا‬ ،‫اء‬‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫اك‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬

  ‫ا‬‫س‬
 - ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ٌ ‫ر‬‫أ‬

.‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ - 
 ‫رب‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
 ‫د‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
160
 ‫ذي‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ 
،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬   ‫أ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 

  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ء؟‬‫وؤ‬   .‫ ًا‬ 480 ‫و‬
‫ر‬‫ز‬  ‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫أ‬
[06/11/1371].‫ره‬
 ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬  ‫د‬
ٍ   ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫�سا‬ ‫أت‬‫د‬ ‫د‬
   - ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬  .P

‫ان‬ .‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ - 
 ‫ب‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
.‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫اء‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سو‬
‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬  ‫سا‬  ‫ ٌن‬‫و‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ر‬    ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫إن‬ .‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ر‬  ‫سا‬ ‫أن‬
.‫ا‬‫سر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬    ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
 .‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫أت‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬
‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ P
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬
،‫ر‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬   ‫إ‬ !‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ - ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ - ‫ر‬
 ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬  ‫س‬  ‫س‬  ‫د‬
ٍ   ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫اء‬‫و‬
 ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ر‬  ‫سا‬ ،‫د‬ُ‫أ‬  ٍ ‫د‬
‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ،  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫رك‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬
 ‫ا‬‫و‬‫س‬
‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ض؛‬‫وؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬
 ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫س‬
،‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬  ً ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫اأ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اج‬ 
‫د‬ .‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫اأ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ان‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬   ‫ا‬‫�سا‬  ‫س‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫رت‬ُ
161
Q‫سهل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬  ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ،
[20/03/1375].‫ر‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
   ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫د‬
 ٌ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ :‫اه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ا‬‫د‬ 
 - ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬‫د‬ 
ٌ  ‫س‬‫أ‬    - ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬
 . ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ ًا‬‫د‬ ‫�س‬
‫ة‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ر‬  ‫اك‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ 

 ‫ا؟‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫دث‬‫س‬  !‫ة؟‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫ان؟‬‫ز‬   ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫سا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬
 ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ساع‬‫أ‬  
‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
[06/11/1371].
  ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ . ‫ا‬
Q‫سين‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ة‬‫ ثو‬
‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬ :‫و‬    ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬
‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫رك‬  ‫ذ‬  
 ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ 
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬   ‫رج‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫وم‬  ،‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬  Q
‫ف‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬  .‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫ذب‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫اأ‬  ‫سرب‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫وم‬
‫ا‬‫د‬  .‫س ًا‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫سا‬‫إ‬   ‫ر‬ُ  ،‫ض‬‫د‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫ض‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬
‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س ًا‬ ‫ر‬ُ ‫س‬   ،‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ساء‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬

  ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ل‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رب‬   ‫إ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫إن‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫س‬‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫ا‬ )‫ره‬ ‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬(
Q‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬
.‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أ‬    ، ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫ا‬
  ‫�سة‬ ‫رك‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ض‬ ‫اك‬ ،‫ض‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ض‬‫د‬    ‫ون‬ ، ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫ساأ‬ ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫س‬‫أ‬
 ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬
  ‫ض‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رت‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫؟‬Q
 ‫ان‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫؟‬  ‫س‬  ،‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫سوؤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬ ، ‫ساأ ٌن‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬   ‫ساأن‬
‫و‬  ‫د‬ ،  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬  ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬
163
Q‫سهل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫وم‬ ‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ساف‬‫إ‬ .‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬  ً ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ 
‫دف‬ ‫إن‬ :‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اج‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫اط‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬
‫ذ‬  ‫سد‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
  ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬
‫دف‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ .ٌ‫اأ‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫اك‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫د‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫اإ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دف‬ ‫إن‬ :‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ .‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ذ‬
 ‫رك‬  ‫وع‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬

. ‫ى‬ ‫د‬
ٌ
‫ان‬ Q‫س‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ة؟‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ :‫و‬‫ا‬ ،  ‫ض‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�ض‬
‫د‬ .‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬ ُ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اء‬  ‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬    ‫دم‬ 
ٌ ‫ان‬ ،‫ز‬  ‫د‬  ً ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ساع‬
   ‫�ض‬
  ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬
 ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ء‬‫أ‬
   ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬
.ً ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬   ،‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬  :‫ا‬ ،‫اء‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬
،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ض‬ ،  ‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ 
‫رك‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬  ‫سرع‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬  
‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ذه‬ . ‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫د‬  ‫دف‬ ‫أ‬ ‫وت‬ ‫س‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬
‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ،ُ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫رك‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ،‫س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ ًة‬‫س‬   ‫أن‬ ‫ري‬‫سا‬

‫ة‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ً ‫إ‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ ٍة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
164
‫س‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سا‬‫ا‬ .Q‫س‬ ‫دف‬   
‫د‬‫و‬  ،‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫إ‬ :‫و‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ Q
‫دف‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫دف‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ .  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ ٌء‬‫س‬
Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬ ‫دف‬  ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬
: ‫د‬‫اإ‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬   ‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫دف‬
‫ات‬‫د‬  ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ، ‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
 ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫د‬  ‫ذ‬ 
‫أي‬    ‫اإ‬ ،‫ك‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ا‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أي‬     ،‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬
.‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ ٌء‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫دف‬
:‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دف‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫سر‬ ‫س‬
‫د‬ ‫ات‬    ‫ء‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬   ‫دف‬ ‫إن‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  P
  ، ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫وؤ‬ 
‫ري‬
‫ام‬ ‫ام‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬    ،Q‫ى‬

 ‫ا‬ ،‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬   ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬  .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ 



Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ان‬ ‫؟‬Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬  ‫وؤ‬
P
 ‫ض‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫س ًا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬
‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫س ًا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫س ًا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬  P

‫س ًا‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ان‬ .‫د‬‫أ‬
.‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬ ُ  ‫و‬ ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫دت‬ ُ ‫د‬ 
  - ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ - ‫دت‬ ُ ‫اأن‬ ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  
165
Q‫سهل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫سا‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ Q‫ي‬‫ا‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ Q‫ي‬‫ا‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬    ‫دث‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ف‬‫سا‬ ‫و‬ ‫؛‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬
 ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫أ‬ Q‫ى‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫إ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬    ‫دث‬   .
‫ء‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ء‬‫أ‬ ‫دف‬ ‫ان‬ ً ‫إ‬ .Q‫س‬
Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫سر‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬
‫اإن‬ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ Q‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ،Q‫وؤ‬
،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ون‬   ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ل‬
. Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫د‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ،ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬ - 
‫إن‬
 ‫أي‬  ‫ذ‬ - P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 

‫أ‬  ‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫�س‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ح‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ي‬‫ر‬
 ‫ا‬‫�س‬ ،‫ام‬‫أ‬

‫ام‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫اء‬
‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ض‬‫د‬   ‫ى‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫د‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬
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‫ة‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ 
‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫سوم‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ،P

‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬  ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬
‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫اه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬


:P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ا‬  ،‫سر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫إ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ء‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬«
 ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬   P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
    .1(» ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
.     ،‫س‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬
‫سا‬   ،‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬

.74‫ض‬ ،2‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
166
‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬ُ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬


 ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬ ،‫ده‬   ،P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 

 ‫ذ‬
 ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ ًا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ .
‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اإن‬ ، ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬

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‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬  ‫ز‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬    ‫ر‬
ُ P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
  
 ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫د‬ .  ‫ل‬
 ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ُ ‫ ٍة‬  ‫؟‬ ‫دث‬ ‫اأ‬ ،‫وم‬  
‫ ٌد‬ ‫اءت‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ :‫و‬ ‫سوؤ‬ ‫رح‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫س‬
‫ة؟‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  P‫رم‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
  ‫ة‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫رف‬ ‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬

‫ة؟‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ 
 ،ً ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫سد‬ ً ‫ا‬ .‫ف‬‫ر‬  ‫ان‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫اء‬ ‫ام‬  ‫سد‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫رف‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬
- ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬
ٍ  ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫سد‬  ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬  - ‫د‬ ‫و‬ 
،‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬ 
 ‫ة‬ 180 ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫رف‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬
‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ام‬ ُ ‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ . ‫س‬ُ ‫ذي‬  ‫اه‬

‫ }ﮟﮠﮡﮢ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  P
   ‫د‬ ‫ر؟‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ 
‫ر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ،1({‫ﮣﮤﮥﮦﮧﮨﮩ‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ .‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ان‬   ،‫ا‬ ‫دث‬  ‫د‬ P
 ‫ان‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ Q
.54 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬
1(
167
Q‫سهل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫؟‬‫إ‬
‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ،

   ‫ذ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ 

  ‫اف‬ُ ً ‫د‬   ‫س‬‫إ‬
   ‫رف‬ ‫سر‬   ُ

،P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫د‬  ‫رف‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬
  .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬

‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫سو‬  Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫رف‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ Q‫س‬
.‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫اف‬ُ ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬      ،‫ف‬‫ر‬  
 ‫ر‬    ،‫ز‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬    ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ُ ‫أن‬  ،
‫ذي‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬   ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ُ
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬    ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ُ
،‫سد‬ ‫ ُرب‬ ‫ه‬‫سا‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫رج‬ ‫و‬ . ‫إ‬ 
‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وب‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫و‬  ،‫ل‬  ‫د‬ 
‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا؟‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،)‫و‬( ‫وم‬ ‫ر‬
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رف‬  ‫اع‬‫اإ‬
‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬    ‫س‬ 
‫ف‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ُ ‫أن‬  ،‫ا‬
‫ت‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬  ،‫س‬‫إ‬
   ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  

‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫�س‬ - ‫ة‬  -  ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ .‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬

.‫ى‬ ‫ات‬ ‫أ‬ ‫وت‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سرف‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ث‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫م‬
 ‫ة ا‬‫ا‬
‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سرط‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫سره‬   ‫ذي‬  P
 ‫ة‬  ‫إ‬
‫ض‬ ،‫ ًا‬ . ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬    ‫ل‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬
 ،‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫دم‬ ‫و‬ )‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬( ‫ى‬
‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬ ،
‫وم‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ .‫سو‬
‫ا‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫غ‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫ر‬ 
Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫رف‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬  . ‫ى‬
.‫و‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬
‫ان‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ِع‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ون‬ ‫ر‬  ‫س ًا‬
،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ى‬ 
 ‫ذي‬  ‫آن‬‫ر‬
ً ‫ا‬   .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذف‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ُ  ‫س‬ ‫ض‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫آ‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫ان‬ ، ‫ ًا‬   ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬  ‫ى‬  ‫ر‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬
  


‫ ًا‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬  ،‫ا‬  ‫ى‬   ‫سد‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬
   .‫و‬   ‫�ض‬
ٍ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
 .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫سا‬ ‫ه‬‫سر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
   ‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬

‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ض‬‫أ‬   ‫س‬ ‫ه‬‫سا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬   ‫سد‬ ‫و‬
169
Q‫سهل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س ٌد‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
.‫ان‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ح‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ان‬
ٌ
‫؟‬‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫اك‬  !P
 ‫ة‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ر؟‬ ‫و‬ ‫دم‬ ‫اه‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫ى‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬  .‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،
 ،‫ر‬‫ا‬    ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ 

‫أن‬ ‫اه‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ات‬‫�سر‬  ‫و‬
 ‫أن‬ ‫د‬

‫ءه‬‫د‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫وؤ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
   ‫ف‬‫ر‬

.‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
 ،‫ؤه‬‫د‬ ُ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬  ‫و‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سات‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬    ‫س‬ ‫أن‬
‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬   Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ذ‬ ،  ‫و‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬
،‫ر‬ُ   ‫دم‬ُ  ،‫ ًا‬‫س‬   .‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬   ‫سر‬
‫أن‬ ،‫ر‬   ‫ان‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ .‫ة‬‫وؤ‬   ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬
،‫ذ‬ ً ‫أ‬   Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬  .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫وؤ‬   ‫ف‬‫ر‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬   ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫رق‬ 
‫ام‬‫إ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ Q‫س‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ Q
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ ًا‬ .Q‫ري‬‫س‬



  ،‫ه‬ ‫وؤ‬  ‫ذ‬   ‫أ‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  - Q‫س‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أي‬  ‫سر‬   ‫و‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬
،‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬   Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ز‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
. ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫اأ‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬  ،‫ة‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬
 ‫د‬ ،‫ر‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ذ‬ ‫أي‬  ‫اك‬ َ 
‫ام‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  - ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬
‫أ‬ ،‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬  ‫إن‬ - ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫و‬  ،‫د‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
170
‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬‫د‬    .‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫إن‬ :‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬
  ‫ذ‬  ‫أن‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ 
‫و‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬   ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬
!‫؟‬ً ‫ر‬
‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫إن‬
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اك‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .{ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬ 
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دف‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬ ‫رق‬  ‫د‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬
‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ،ً ‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫دف‬ Q‫س‬
‫ف‬‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬   ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
.‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫و‬ 
 ٌ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ط‬‫سر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫دف‬‫ا‬


،‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬  ‫ان؟‬ ‫أي‬   .‫س‬ 
‫س‬
،‫ا‬ .‫وم‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫رف‬
.‫ون‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫اأ‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫دم‬‫اأ‬ .‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  
‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .ً ‫د‬ ‫دف‬ ‫ان‬ . ‫ض‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫دف‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬
‫س‬ ً ‫ا‬ ،‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫إ‬

 ‫ون‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ً ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ذه‬    .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا؟‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ ٌد‬ ‫رك‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬ ،ً ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رق‬  .ً ‫د‬ ‫ون‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ٌء‬‫سو‬ ،‫ا‬  
.‫وه‬ ‫رك‬   ‫ام‬  .‫د‬‫و‬  ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬
 ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬   ‫أن‬
171
Q‫سهل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
  ‫أ‬ ، ‫ ٌد‬‫أ‬    ،‫رك‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬   ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ Q‫س‬
‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ P
 
‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫و‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫و‬‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ُ ‫د‬ ،)‫و‬(ً ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫�س‬ 
.Q‫�س‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ .Q
‫ف ووا‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫إن‬ :‫سو‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ض‬
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬

  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬   ‫ة‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬

‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬
   ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬

‫و‬  ،‫ر‬   ‫ف‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬  

‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ .‫ر‬   ‫ف‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ق‬‫سد‬
ً ‫د‬ ‫س‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ . 
:‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  Q‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ذه‬ .Q
: ‫ا‬ ً  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ،‫د‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ - ‫أ‬
« :Q‫ام‬‫إ‬    ،‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ات‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ون‬
‫اح‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ .»‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫�ض‬‫ر‬ ‫دم‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   Q‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ى‬ ،‫ون‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا ل‬ ‫إ‬« :Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ، ‫س‬
‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬‫ا‬ .1(»‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ ٍع‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ُ ‫د‬ ‫إ‬ ‫م‬ ‫م‬‫إ‬
Q‫س‬
.325-326‫ض‬ ،44 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
172
‫أن‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ،‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬  ،‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫ام‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫�سى‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ :‫و‬
 ‫ة‬‫�س‬‫ا‬ ،‫دي‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ،‫ر‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬


.‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬
‫ى‬‫أ‬ :‫ر‬  ،‫ة‬  ‫د‬  ‫اه‬‫أ‬ ‫سى‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ Q‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ - ‫ب‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬   .‫ة‬   ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ - ‫ة‬
 ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬   ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
ً‫ر‬  ً‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫رج‬‫أ‬   ‫إ‬« :Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ P
 ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ل‬
‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ح‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ا‬  ً‫د‬ 
‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬‫ح‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،1(»P
‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ون‬ ‫د‬ ،  ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ح‬‫س‬‫إ‬ .‫ ًا‬
،‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬ ،   ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬« :Q‫و‬  .‫ح‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬  
‫أ‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬

 ‫و‬   ‫ا‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ 
‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ال‬ 
    ‫ا‬

.2(»...{ ‫ } ﯩﯪﯫ‬‫ا‬
‫وم‬   ‫ل‬ � ‫ى‬
‫ف‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ق‬‫سد‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ح‬‫س‬‫إ‬
.‫ر‬  
،‫سر‬ ‫ساء‬‫ؤ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ - ‫ج‬
 ‫د‬« :‫سر‬ ‫ساء‬‫ؤ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اء‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ساء‬‫ؤ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ ،  ‫ة‬  ‫ل‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫و‬
.329‫ض‬ ،44‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 1(
.‫ ن‬.‫ م‬2(
173
Q‫سهل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ 
Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫أي‬ .1(»‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ري‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬
‫ام‬ P
 ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬    ‫ة‬‫اأ‬
‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ري‬« :‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اء‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬



،‫ل‬ ‫ت‬   ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬‫آ‬ ‫اب‬‫ا‬
‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬   ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ض‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ .2(»‫م‬

،‫ل‬ ‫اب‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬   ،‫ل‬  ً ‫د‬ ً ‫سد‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ض‬ ‫أن‬  ، ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ، ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اب‬‫ا‬   ‫أن‬  ،‫س‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬   . ‫ون‬‫ا‬   ‫د‬
‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫ى‬ ‫ ٍو‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫إ‬
  ‫ط‬‫سر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬  
 ‫د‬   ‫د‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫ء‬‫ر‬‫إ‬
.‫خروج‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ز‬ ‫ز‬    ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ - 
‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫سا‬ ]‫ر‬  ‫ض‬ Q‫س‬ [ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة؛‬ 
‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ »‫ة‬�«  ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬    ‫ر‬ 
ً‫ر‬‫ا‬ ً‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  :‫ا‬ P‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫إن‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬« :‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬ 
ً
  ،‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ً‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ً‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫رم‬
ُ 
‫ى‬ ً‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ‫و‬    ‫ر‬   ،‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
‫ام‬ ‫رف‬ ‫إ‬   ‫ا‬   P‫ا‬
.3(»‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ل‬

.‫ذ‬ P

 ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬

.340‫ض‬ ،‫ ن‬.‫م‬
.334‫ض‬ ،‫ ن‬.‫م‬
.304‫ض‬ ،4‫ ج‬،‫ري‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
3(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
174
‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬  ‫اإ‬ ،»‫و‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ُ « ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬   - ‫دم‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫وؤ‬ ‫رف‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬   ‫ى‬  .  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬   ،‫ ًا‬  ‫ى‬ ،ُ ،
   ‫إ‬« :Q‫ا‬  .P
‫أ‬
  ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬
‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ P
 ‫ان‬ ‫اإن‬ ،P
 ‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ،1(»‫ذ‬
 ‫س‬   ‫ث‬ P
 ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ً ‫ر‬ ً ‫ر‬
‫دف‬ ‫س‬   .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫اإ‬ ،‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ Q
.‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫أي‬ »‫ر‬« ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬
‫ا ٌن‬ :-‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬   - ،‫ذ‬ُ ‫ز‬  ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ - ‫ـ‬
‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫ر‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬« :Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬
‫سر‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ‫رق‬   ‫أ‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ذ‬ .2(»‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ا‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬
. ‫ء‬‫أ‬  ،ُ ‫أم‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫د‬« :Q‫و‬ ،‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫د‬ Q ‫ة‬  ‫أ‬ 
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬« :‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ »‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ُ  
.‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ 3(»...ً‫ا‬    ‫اء‬  ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ُ 
‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ ًة‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫إن‬ ً ‫إ‬
‫م‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬   ‫ى‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬  ‫ر‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬

 ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫اف‬ُ  ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ذ‬  ‫سا‬ ‫س‬

 ،‫ة‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬    ‫ر‬
ٍ 
‫دم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ط‬‫سر‬  ‫ض‬ .‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫اأن‬
‫ا‬ ‫د‬ Q‫س‬‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫دم‬ 
.382 ‫ض‬ ،44 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
.597 ‫ض‬ ،1 ‫ ج‬،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬
.381 ‫ض‬ ،44 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
3(
Q‫سهل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
175
. ‫س ًا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬
‫رت‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ Q
  ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫د‬
‫د‬ ‫أت‬‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫�سات‬  ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫رك‬   ‫ري‬ ‫أن‬ 
 ‫ض‬  .‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬   ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ،ً ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫إن‬  ‫د‬  
.‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ، ‫د‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  
[19/03/1374]
‫ة‬‫ ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ ا‬‫ا‬
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬
 ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ،
ٍ Q  ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫د‬
ٍ
،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫سد‬‫سر‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ات‬‫و‬‫و‬
‫سر‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ة‬‫�س‬  ً ‫دء‬ .‫ ًا‬  ‫�سى‬ُ ‫ان‬ .Q‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫�سا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬
.‫و‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬
‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫اك‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬
ٌ
‫ر‬  ‫و‬ .Q  ‫س‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ت؟‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ 
 ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ة‬  ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة؟‬‫سوؤ‬    ‫ ٍة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬
  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ة؟‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬ 
‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫اء‬‫اأ‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬‫د‬
،‫ة‬‫د‬    ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫اء‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬
‫ذه‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ً ‫سر‬‫ا‬  ‫أي‬   
،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دء‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً ‫إ‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬
 

‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
176
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬
ٌ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ Q
‫ذي‬  ‫ذ‬ .‫ذه‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ .‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬
‫اء‬  )‫ذي‬  ‫ذ‬( ،   ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬« :‫ا‬ُ
Q
  ‫س‬  ‫إ‬ ،  1(»‫ا‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 
  ‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫ز‬   ‫ذي‬ 
‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ .
‫اه‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ذ‬ . ‫أ‬   ‫اء‬
[06/11/1371].‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
  ‫و‬ Q  ‫س‬
.347 ‫ض‬ ،44 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
‫صابع‬ ‫ف�ص‬
‫رى‬‫ ا‬‫ ز‬‫ة ا‬‫ر‬
‫ء‬‫ر‬   ‫اث‬‫وأ‬
O
.O‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ح‬ ❊
.‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  Q‫سجا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ❊

.‫لء‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ❊
O‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫ ز‬‫م‬
‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ٌ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ O‫ر‬  ‫إن‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
  ‫ة؟‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ 
 ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ُ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬
‫أن‬   ‫س‬‫ا‬ ،L 
  ‫س‬ 
  ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ،Q
‫ت‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ٌ‫ات‬ ‫أ‬ ٌ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬
‫ر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إن‬ ‫؟‬O‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬   
 ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ 
   .‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬    ،‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ .‫إ‬
 
‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬    ‫و‬ ، ‫ذ‬  ‫وم‬
‫ ًة‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  ،‫ا‬  ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬

 ‫أم‬ ،‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫رك‬   ‫ ٌء‬‫سو‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫س‬
‫ا‬‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫أم‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ات‬
،‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
.O ‫س‬    ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬‫ر‬‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬،‫اء‬‫د‬،‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رك‬ 
‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬    ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫أي‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ُ  ‫ر‬   ،‫ون‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ 
‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ك‬‫د‬   .‫ذ‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫رك‬  ،‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ر‬
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‫أن‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ً ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫�س‬‫أ‬  ‫رت‬‫س‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ر‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
180
.‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫�سرت‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫ء‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫سر‬‫اأ‬ ‫�س‬
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫سا‬   .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫ز‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬   ‫أ‬  ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬  Q
  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
ً ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫اق‬‫آ‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫وب‬ ‫ت‬‫د‬ 
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫س‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ O ‫س‬ ‫د‬ .‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫س‬
[22/08/1370].‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ O ‫ن‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ 
‫د‬ .‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ون‬ O‫ر‬  ‫ن‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬
 ،‫ا‬‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬  Q
ّ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬
‫ر‬  .
 ‫ة‬ ‫وب‬  ٍ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫رء‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
،ُ  ‫ان‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ء؟‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫دث‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ،
‫ة‬‫ر‬   .‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬  
‫سد‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬
 ‫ا‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ Q
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  ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ 
‫إن‬ .‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬
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.‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬  O   ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫رء‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫رت‬ ،‫ر‬  ‫ب‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬ O ‫رت‬‫س‬ ‫د‬
ً ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ .‫ب‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ Q
‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬  O‫ز‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬
.
 ‫آ‬  ‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫سات‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬ 
‫ر‬  ،‫سا‬ ‫ء‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  
‫و‬ .‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬  
  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫ا‬ ً ‫ا‬ Q  ‫س‬ ‫سر‬
181
O‫رح‬‫ة‬ ‫دن‬ ‫سهق‬ ‫ ىر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ز‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫اب‬‫ذ‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬  ‫و‬ ‫و‬
‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬  ‫سرع‬ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ .  ‫اإ‬ ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫س‬  ‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ ٌم‬  ‫إ‬ .‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫س‬

‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫س‬‫و‬ ‫اظ‬ ، ‫أ‬ ‫م‬ ،‫ون‬   . 

‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬    ‫إن‬ - ،‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬ ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬    ‫اإ‬ - ً ‫د‬
‫و‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫و‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ف‬‫سر‬‫أ‬  ،‫و‬ُ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ،Q‫س‬
‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫ن‬‫د‬ ُ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬ ،  ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬   ،‫ا‬
‫و‬‫سر‬ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ُ‫س‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫س ًا‬‫أ‬
 ‫ض‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ل‬  ‫ر‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ساء‬ ‫إن‬ :ً ‫ا‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ Q
  ‫س‬ ‫اء‬ ،  ٌ ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ره‬  ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬
‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ،‫م‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ 
  ‫ره‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ى‬  ‫س‬ ‫ى‬  ‫أ‬   ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬ ،‫أ‬‫د‬    ‫ره‬ 
!‫و‬  ‫ة‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ 
‫س‬  ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬   ‫اإن‬ ‫ذ‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ 
ٌ  ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
 ‫أ‬
  ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رك‬ ‫أ‬
ٌ  ،‫س‬ Q
‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫�سر‬‫اأ‬ ،ً ‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا ِأت‬
‫د‬‫أ‬  .‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫�سى‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬
،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫رت‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ .ً ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
،‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬   ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
182
‫ ًا‬‫س‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ا‬ ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ذ‬
 ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ،‫دث‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ده‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ،ً ‫ر‬
O‫ر‬   ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ .1(»‫ان‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬« ،‫ون‬‫�س‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ساأ‬ ‫أ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ره‬‫ذ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬‫س‬
.‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫إ‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬
‫ا‬‫إ‬
ٍ
ّ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
O‫ر‬  ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ُ ‫أن‬   ‫اك‬ ،‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫أ‬
.‫�س ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫دت‬
‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س ًة‬‫ا‬ O   ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ 
، ‫أ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ان‬ ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ،Q‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
،‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬    ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬‫اإ‬ ً ‫و‬‫س‬
‫ا‬« :‫أ‬ ‫وت‬ ‫رت‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬   ٍ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫اأ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ً ‫اأ‬ ‫أ‬ :‫و‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ .2(»‫أ‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬‫إ‬‫ا‬      ‫ ّأف‬ ٍ‫ر‬
‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬
‫و‬ .‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫سد‬ 
‫أن‬  ،‫اه‬ ‫سا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ :Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬
  ‫أ‬ ‫رت‬ .‫س‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫س‬ ‫ى‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫�س‬ ،‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫زن‬
ٍ  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ً ‫اأ‬ O
 ‫ا‬‫د‬ ، ‫ض‬‫اأ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ .‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ك‬‫أ‬ !‫أ‬ : ‫ا‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ُ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬‫أ‬
‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬  ‫س‬‫اأ‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دي‬
  ‫ا‬  ،Q
.‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ك‬‫أ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫دت‬ ،‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬
O ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬   . ‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬   O‫ز‬
.530‫ض‬ ،2‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
.316 ‫ض‬ ،44 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
183
O‫رح‬‫ة‬ ‫دن‬ ‫سهق‬ ‫ ىر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬‫أ‬   .‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وم‬  
‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ساء‬  ‫أي‬  ‫ا‬ O
 .‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ُ‫س‬ ‫د‬ .‫ ًا‬ ً ‫د‬‫سد‬ O
Q‫ا‬‫س‬
ٍ  َ
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬      ‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬  
‫ذي‬    ‫ة‬ .‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬   ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ 
 ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬    ،‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬
ٍ ‫س‬  ‫أ‬‫ر‬ 84  ‫ان‬
‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫إن‬ ‫و‬     ‫ى؟‬‫و‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫سى‬ ‫�س‬ ،ٍ ‫د‬
‫سا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫�س‬ ‫وب‬  .‫ض‬ ‫وع‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬  
 ‫ا‬  ‫ء‬‫د‬‫س‬
. ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬
 ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
 ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ى‬
ٍ
.O ‫ان‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  
‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ، ‫اه‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س ًا‬‫س‬ O  
‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ 18 ،‫ء‬‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬   ‫أ‬
،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫أ‬    ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫اء‬‫أ‬
‫ذه‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫إ‬   ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬ ،‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬   
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫و‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ساء‬  ‫ة‬ 
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫د‬ ‫ات‬‫سا‬   ‫ذ‬ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬

  ‫ات‬‫سا‬   ، ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫رك‬ 
 ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ده‬ ‫ل‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ات‬‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬ O ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .O‫ر‬
‫م‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫أ‬‫ر‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اك‬  ، ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫�ض‬‫ر‬
‫رك‬  ،‫س‬‫ر‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ى‬
  ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬   .‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ ًا‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
184
‫ذي‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬
 ،O‫ز‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اءت‬ ‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬
 ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سد‬
‫ة‬  ‫ى‬  ‫ه‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬« :‫ا‬ ‫اق‬‫أ‬  ‫ت‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫اء‬
]20/07/1363[ .1(»‫ا‬�‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ٌ ‫ر‬
،‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬
 ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫؛‬O ‫و‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫و‬
  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ز‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ ٌة‬ .‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ .‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬
‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سو‬  ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬  
ٍ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
ّ
  ‫د‬ .‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫؛‬O  ‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ O
   ،‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬
‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ذه‬ ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬
‫ة؛‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬   ‫ذ‬  ،‫د‬ 
‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬ O‫ر‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫س ٌة‬‫سو‬ ‫ ٌة‬  ‫ ٌة‬‫ا‬
‫ذي‬  ،‫ره‬   ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ 
ٍ ‫وم‬ ،‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬
 ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬
 ‫س‬
ِ .‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬  ‫د‬ ‫ر‬   ‫سر‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬
.‫ر‬   ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ه‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬  ‫دي‬‫أ‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫اف‬ ‫اب‬ ‫د‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫م‬‫س‬  ‫رت‬‫أ‬
.‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬
‫ر‬ ،‫دي‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ،O‫ر‬  َ ُ  
َ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ق‬‫سو‬‫أ‬  ‫سى‬ُ    ‫ا‬ .O‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬
.348‫ض‬ ،4‫ ج‬،‫ري‬ ‫ا‬
1(
185
O‫رح‬‫ة‬ ‫دن‬ ‫سهق‬ ‫ ىر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
     ،‫ر‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬  
‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫سر‬   ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ساع‬‫أ‬

.‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ف‬‫ر‬    ‫ا‬
‫د‬ ،‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬   ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫دت‬ ،‫و‬  
 ‫ت‬‫سر‬ ‫�س‬   ‫وؤ‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫ز‬‫أ‬   
‫ى‬ ‫و‬
ُ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�سر‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ساء‬
. ‫ان‬ ‫�س‬   ‫ان‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ،‫سر‬‫ ْأ‬ ‫اق‬
  ‫ة‬ ‫ض‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ً ‫اأ‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  
‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬  ، ‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،» ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬« :‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫�س‬  ‫و‬ ‫س‬
‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬   ،‫ن‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ون‬‫ا‬
  ‫أ‬« ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ان‬  ‫س‬  ،
  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ،1(»‫ء؟‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬ ،‫اء‬‫إ‬   ِ  ِ
 ‫إ‬ 
 ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ون‬‫وؤ‬  ‫أ‬  ،‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  .‫و‬  ‫س‬
‫أن‬   ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬  ،‫و‬  ‫ا‬
 ،‫ة‬  ‫اح‬ ‫و‬‫س‬  ‫و‬   .‫ذ‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ا‬‫ز‬ � ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ...« ،‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ 
ً  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ذ‬ ،ً‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬
‫د‬   ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ 2(» 
‫أ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬ ‫وط‬  ‫أ‬  ،‫وط‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬
،‫ا‬   ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫ف‬‫ر‬ 
ٍ ٍ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫ر‬‫ر‬
.109 ‫ض‬ ،45‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
.322 ‫ض‬ ،‫د‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
186
‫ ٌء‬ ‫سان‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ .‫سو‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬
ٍ ‫وف‬‫أ‬ ٌ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫اء‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ات‬‫آ‬ ً ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬   ،‫ة‬ ‫ات‬ ‫وي‬
‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬

‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬   .O‫ر‬  ‫د‬ 
، ‫ي؛‬‫ا‬
   ‫دث‬   ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫سون‬
‫ ٌة‬‫ا‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ، ‫ون‬ ‫اح‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ،‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ون‬‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ان‬   ،‫و‬  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬
‫ر‬ ‫ ٌة‬‫ا‬ - ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سوق‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ - ‫و‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ 
.‫ون‬ O‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫آن‬  ‫ض‬ ‫س‬ 
    ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬
،‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬  .‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫دث‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ 
‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫س‬
  .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
‫أ‬‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ُ  ‫ة‬‫وؤ‬
   .‫ا‬  ‫ات‬ ‫ساء‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬   ً ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ُ  
  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬    ‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ 
‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ُ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬‫س‬  ،‫ة‬
]01/02/1389[ . ‫ة‬   ‫ا‬  .‫اح‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ P
 ‫د‬
‫ر‬ ‫ مرح‬ Q‫اد‬‫س‬
‫ما‬ ‫حر‬

 ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ 
‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫ ٌء‬‫سو‬ ،
 ‫اآ‬ ‫وه‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ .ً ‫ذ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬
     ‫أ‬ ،‫سام‬  ‫أم‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫أم‬
‫ون‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ 
‫ة‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ُ‫س‬ ‫د‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬
‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫وف‬‫و‬ ‫و‬    ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫و‬ 
‫ة‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ ٌة‬‫ا‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ 
‫ر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬
 .‫ة‬‫س‬   ‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ث‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫أ‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
‫ذ‬    ‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  
.‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬   ‫ات‬‫س‬
‫ساأ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 34 ‫ة‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬
.Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬
.‫سر‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫أ‬ ‫س‬
‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ُ  ‫ر‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫د‬
‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫سام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
 ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ً ‫د‬‫س‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ن‬‫ر‬  
‫ء‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫وط‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬  .‫س‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫سر‬ُ‫أ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
188
‫ ًة‬‫س‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ .Q‫س‬  
 ‫ة‬ ‫أت‬‫د‬ ،‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬  ‫ت‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ساء‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
،‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫د‬ ٌ  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬  ،‫سام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ز‬‫ز‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ساب‬ُ ‫أن‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ :‫ا‬ ‫و؟‬  :‫ا‬ ،ً  ‫سر‬‫أ‬   ‫د‬‫سا‬ ، ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬  
ّ ٍ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬  ،‫س‬  
‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ 

‫ر‬  .‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ل‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ 1(»‫د‬ ‫ا‬ِ ‫أ‬« :‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬
‫ا‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ .‫وت‬ ‫اف‬  ‫ل‬ ‫س‬  ُ ‫اأن‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬
‫ ٍام‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫سر‬‫أ‬    Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ،‫سام‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ 
‫�سر‬ ‫أن‬  ‫د‬  ‫د‬ ،‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ً ‫د‬  
ٍ  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬
ٍ ‫س‬
‫م‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬
.‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ان‬    ‫ا‬   ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ،‫د‬‫ز‬ :‫و‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ض‬   Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذي‬  ،
  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬  .‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫دث‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫د‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫�س ًا‬‫ر‬ ً ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ان‬
‫د‬‫س‬ ، ‫س‬ ، ً ‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫زم‬ ‫د‬
،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬
  
ٍ ‫ام‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ان‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫سام‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫سام‬  ‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬   
118.‫ض‬ ،45.‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
189
O‫رح‬‫ة‬ ‫دن‬ ‫سهق‬ ‫ ىر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ة‬  ،‫اف‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ا‬  ‫وي‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  
]14/09/1359[.ً ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬ ،  
 
ٍ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ُ   ،‫ذه‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫اأ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬  ‫أ‬‫د‬  ،‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬
 ‫ن‬‫ر‬   ‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬
ٍ
‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬  ‫رف‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬  ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
ٍ ‫سو‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬
.‫د‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫اأ‬
‫وي‬‫د‬
‫ض‬‫و‬  - ‫ا‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ 

- ‫سا‬ ‫ض‬‫اأ‬ 
   ‫ب‬‫سر‬ ‫ره‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬ 
،‫و‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ O ‫�ض‬  ‫و‬ .Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ 
‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬
     ‫و‬ ،‫سام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬‫اأ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫أ‬‫ر‬
.Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬
‫و‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ،‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫سوت‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سوق‬ 
.‫ا‬ ‫سون‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫سون‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬O  
 ‫ر‬
ٍ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ،‫د‬‫س‬  ‫أم‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ض‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ،‫سام‬ 
ٍ ‫سد‬
‫ا‬   ‫�س‬ ‫د‬ .‫ان‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ Q ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ،‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
.1( ‫د‬‫سد‬
ٍ ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬
ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذه‬ ‫ ر‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬      ،‫ا‬‫سو‬‫و‬   ‫س‬ ً    ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬
‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  Q‫ ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  .‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫س ــ‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬
.)‫ا‬( ‫ة‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
190
‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ة‬ 
،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ 
‫سوح؟‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫رف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ً ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫و‬
‫س‬
‫رك‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫أن‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ز‬ ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬


‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سان‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫سان‬ ‫ان‬  ، ‫ا‬   Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ .‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ 
.‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سام‬  ‫ي‬‫و‬
‫ساب‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ى‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫سا‬ Q‫س‬

 ‫اإ‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ ًا‬‫سر‬ ً  ‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬‫سد‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫و‬
‫س‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ .‫س‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬ 


Q‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬ Q  ‫س‬ ‫م‬  
‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫�سات‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬
‫ة‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬     ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ً  ‫أ‬ ،
 ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫أن‬   ،‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬
.‫د‬‫سد‬
 O  ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬
‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ ‫إ‬ .Q  ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬
‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫سوف‬ ،  ، ‫ا‬ ،Q
 ‫ان‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ ٍو‬ ‫رت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫و‬ ،‫ ٍو‬ ،R ‫أ‬ ‫و‬
‫ان‬ ، ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫سر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫�س‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬   ‫دم‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫اه‬ ‫ذ‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫رك‬  ‫ذ‬ .‫د‬
‫ة‬َ  )‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ( ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬    ‫ا‬‫س‬   ‫ر‬‫س‬
191
O‫رح‬‫ة‬ ‫دن‬ ‫سهق‬ ‫ ىر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫وك‬‫س‬ Q‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬    ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬
.‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬    ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ة‬‫ر‬ 
‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫أن‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  
 ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫سو‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬
‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬  .‫ا‬
‫ان‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ر‬ P
    ‫أ‬‫د‬ ،‫ساأن‬ ٍ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫سان‬‫اأ‬
‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ساع‬‫أ‬ ‫سة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اج‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬
]6 ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬[ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ حادث‬ ‫ي‬
‫ش‬‫راك ا‬‫ة ا‬‫ا‬
‫سة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رت‬‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫رت‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
 ،‫س‬‫إ‬

‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫وف‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ ٌة‬‫ا‬ ،‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫اب‬  ‫ع‬‫و‬   ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 
  ‫س‬  ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ء‬‫س‬   ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬ 
‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ،Q
  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫رت‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬

‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫إ‬ - ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫د‬  ‫وع‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬ ،  ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬
‫ا‬  R ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫د‬‫سد‬  ‫و‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ت‬‫سا‬ ‫�س‬ .)‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬(
‫ق‬‫ر‬  )‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬(


.‫ات‬ ‫دم‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫سون‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬
‫ساع‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬ ُ 
‫ر‬ 1(»...‫ة‬ ‫إ‬  Q ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ « :‫وه‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬  .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬  ‫سة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ 
:‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬ ‫و‬ - ‫دي‬
‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ - Q‫ا‬‫س‬

ً  ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬«
.2(»‫ا‬  
.64 ‫ض‬ ،‫ض‬‫سا‬
‫ض‬ ،573 ‫ض‬ ،2‫ ج‬،‫ت‬‫ا‬ )‫ ــر‬‫ز‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬ ‫ر‬( ،4‫ ج‬،‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ ــ‬‫أ‬  ‫س ــرح‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ ــ‬
.104
1(
2(
193
O‫رح‬‫ة‬ ‫دن‬ ‫سهق‬ ‫ ىر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬
  ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫دث‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ون‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫آ‬ ‫ر‬  R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬    .‫ا‬
‫رك‬  ‫ى‬ ‫د‬

.1(»‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬   « :‫و‬ Q
Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ :‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫س‬
‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬   ‫وف‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬
،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫سر‬‫اأ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬   ‫أ‬   .
   ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫دت‬‫سو‬
.‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬
‫ات‬  ‫سد‬  »‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ات‬«  ‫د‬ ‫د‬
‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سو‬  ،‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫و‬‫و‬
  ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ى‬  ‫�ض‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬
.‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫وؤ‬
‫د‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬  R ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬   ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  
‫د‬« :‫ا‬ ُ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ، ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬  ‫ ٌر‬ ‫ا‬
ً  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫اإ‬ .  ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬  ‫ام‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ 
ً  ً‫د‬ 
‫و‬  ‫إ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ُ   ‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وت‬ 
ً ‫د‬  ‫ك‬‫د‬ ‫سة‬
‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬

 ‫ذه‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .2(»
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫�ساء‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫سد‬‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ت‬‫ء‬‫ر‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬  ،‫ا‬ 
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ، ‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ 
.144 ‫ض‬ ،46 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
.)‫ا‬(‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
194
.‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬    
  ‫ر‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ي‬‫أ‬
    ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ :‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ه‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬   ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬
‫م‬ ‫اء‬‫ا‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫سام‬  ‫اه‬‫أ‬
.‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ض‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ض‬  ‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬
 ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬   ‫و‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ،‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا ًء‬
.‫اع‬‫�س‬ ‫س‬  ‫س‬  R ‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫دم‬
 ‫ا‬  . ‫و‬  ‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ث‬‫و‬  ‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ 
‫أ‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫اأ‬ » ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ « ‫د‬ 
ٌ
.‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫س‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫ام‬ - ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫وع‬  - ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ 
‫ري‬
 .‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬

‫سد‬ ‫و‬ ،1(»‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬   ‫وم‬ ‫ز‬ « :ً ‫ا‬
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ .Q  ‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫اأ‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ات‬‫ا‬ ،‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
‫ا‬ - ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬  ‫�س‬ ‫ذ‬    ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ة» (وهي‬ ‫ا‬« ‫اب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬   - ‫ري‬


‫ا‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اه‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
Q ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬« :)‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أ‬

ٍ
 ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬
.558 ‫ض‬ ،5 ‫ ج‬،‫ري‬ ‫ا‬
1(
195
O‫رح‬‫ة‬ ‫دن‬ ‫سهق‬ ‫ ىر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
.1(»‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬  ‫ان‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫�س‬  ‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
 ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ساط‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬
‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ .»‫ر‬  ‫ة‬« ‫رت‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ده‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
. ً ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬ ً ‫س‬
ّ‫ر‬‫ة ا‬‫وا‬
‫ة‬‫س‬   ‫أ‬ ،‫سا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ .‫ر‬ 63 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫رت‬ ‫د‬
‫أ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ َ  ُ ‫ـ‬ 62
‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫�س‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫وب‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  - ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ف‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬
‫د‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫اء‬ ‫سام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ - Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬   
‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫سام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ذ‬ .‫ات‬ 
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  )‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ 50 ‫د‬( ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ة‬‫د‬
‫أ‬‫د‬ - ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ط‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ - ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫أ‬‫د‬  ‫اء‬ ‫د‬  ً ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫�س‬  . 
‫ه‬‫ا‬‫ا‬

،‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫سا‬
ٌ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬   :‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫؟‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ 
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  2(‫ة‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ة‬
. ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ام‬
. ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫س ــ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ُ ‫ز‬  ‫د‬‫س ــ‬ُ ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س ــو‬ ‫ض‬  ‫س ــ‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬  ‫أن‬  ‫ذي‬ ‫س ــاب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬
.)‫ا‬(»‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬« ‫ـ‬ ‫ُ رف‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
196
‫�سر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ت‬ ‫اأ‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ع‬‫سر‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ،»‫ة‬  « ‫ى‬‫د‬ُ  ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ 
‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫دم‬ .‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬ ‫رف‬ُ ‫د‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫دث‬    ‫ر‬
.»‫ة‬  ‫رف‬« ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
،‫ا‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬   ‫سرح‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬
‫سة‬‫ا‬
 ، ‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬   ‫اب‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
‫أ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫�س‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬‫آ‬ ُ  ‫رب‬  ‫ا‬ ‫رب‬   ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬  
، ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬   ‫سوف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أن‬ ِ 
ُ ‫ا‬
.‫ات‬‫ر‬   ‫و‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ 
‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ة ا‬‫ر‬‫ و‬‫ و‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اف‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
.‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬   ‫د‬  ‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ 

‫ر‬‫أ‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬  ،‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫وت‬ ‫د‬
‫س‬  ،‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫ذي‬    ‫ن‬‫ر‬  ،‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ 
:‫ساأ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
.1(»‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬�‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ان‬«
‫أن‬ ،‫ده‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬  ‫د‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬‫ا‬

‫�ساء‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫ز‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ ًا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬   ‫س‬ُ ‫د‬ ‫س‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬ .‫سو‬ ‫ى‬

.209 ‫ض‬ ،7 ‫ ج‬،‫ف‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ساب‬‫أ‬
1(
197
O‫رح‬‫ة‬ ‫دن‬ ‫سهق‬ ‫ ىر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬  .‫ر‬‫ز‬ 
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ره‬
‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬
،‫ق‬‫ر‬ 
  ‫و‬   ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬

.]8 ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬[.‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬  - ‫ر‬ 65 ‫أ‬ 64 ‫ام‬  ‫د‬   ‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ً ‫د‬‫د‬ ً ‫و‬  ‫دت‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ - 65 ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫وي‬‫أ‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ .‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ا‬   ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ر‬‫ز‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬   ،‫ر‬‫ز‬ 
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫وف‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬  ،‫س‬ ‫د‬  ،R  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫د‬ ‫اف‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ى‬ .‫ا‬‫آ‬ ُ ‫س‬
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬   ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬  

  ‫ة‬‫س‬ 20 ‫ة‬  ‫أن‬   ‫د‬   ،‫د‬   ‫سة‬‫و‬
]28/04/1365[.‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أت‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬   
‫ا‬‫س‬ ،‫ق‬‫ر‬  1(‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬   ‫ات‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ، ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ،‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫أم‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬   ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫إ‬ 
‫�ض‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫س ــ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س ــ‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫رت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ء‬‫س ــو‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬   ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫س‬   ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫سر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫سر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫س ــ‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ة‬‫س ــ‬
‫ان‬‫أ‬
ٍ  ‫س ــة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ ــ‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ــام‬ ‫س ــو‬ ‫ة‬‫س ــ‬ ‫ذه‬
.
 ّ‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ك‬ٍ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  .‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬
‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ 65 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬   ‫سر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ 
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س ــام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ ــو‬   .‫وم‬   ‫ ــذ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ َر‬ُ   ‫ و‬‫س ــ‬ ‫ ــو‬
.‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫و‬ُ ‫ى‬ ‫وي‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫سام‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬    ‫ة‬‫و‬   ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬
.)‫ا‬(.‫سره‬‫اأ‬ ‫ام‬  ‫إ‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
198
‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫س‬ ‫س‬ُ‫أ‬ -  ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬  .‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫خ‬‫ري وا‬‫ط ا‬‫ر ا‬‫ع‬
 ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ري‬
‫اط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫اك‬

‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ساأ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬‫أ‬  
 ‫د‬
 ‫ر‬ ُ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬

‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  - 
  ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ا‬ - ‫و‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ 40 ‫ام‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رء‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫غ‬‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬
، ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫اأ‬‫س‬ ،‫ون‬‫د‬  ‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫اء‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬ .‫و‬‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫د‬ .ً ‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫دم‬ ‫و‬ُ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ 
 ‫ر‬ُ !‫و‬   ‫ون‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫إن‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬


‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬   ‫د‬ ُ  ،‫سري‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ 
 ‫ان‬ ، ‫س‬ ً ‫د‬
�‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إن‬ « :‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬
  ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬« :ً ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬  ،»‫و‬  
‫دك‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫أ‬
    ‫س ًا‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أي‬ ‫؛‬1(»‫و‬ ‫أم‬
 ‫؟‬  ‫ان‬
ٍ  ‫ا‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ك‬ ‫أم‬ ‫إ‬ ‫رب‬‫أ‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬
‫ة‬ .‫إ‬ ‫رب‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫ ًة‬    ‫ذي‬  ‫ك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
!‫ل‬ ‫سو‬  ‫�س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ - ‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬ - ‫ل‬
.‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫سان‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ري‬ ‫ان‬ ‫سري‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
.346 ‫ض‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
1(
199
O‫رح‬‫ة‬ ‫دن‬ ‫سهق‬ ‫ ىر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫دت‬ ‫وي‬‫أ‬
  ‫سر‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫رت‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫أن‬ ‫رء‬ ‫سى‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬ 
.‫ض‬‫ا‬    ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ !
 ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬
ِ  ‫ ــ‬ ‫ ــوب‬ ‫ ــة‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ ـ ُـ‬ُ ‫و‬ ‫ ــا‬ ‫ ــو‬  ‫ ــة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ــ‬
)2(
 ‫ ـ‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ ــة‬ ‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س ــا‬
ِ ‫ ــو‬ ‫ـزق‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ !‫ل‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬
،‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ُ  ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬
‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫دح‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬
ُ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ .‫د‬ ‫ ٌج‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ة‬  ،‫ل‬ ‫ة‬  
‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫د‬ ‫سو‬‫اأ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬

.‫د‬ ‫س‬ 
‫و‬ ،‫رج‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ري‬  ‫ة‬ ‫اك‬
‫اإن‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ 150، 160 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ 90 ‫ـ‬‫ و‬80 ‫ـ‬‫ و‬70 ‫ـ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬   ‫أ‬
 ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬   ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬

،‫اء‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫سام‬  ‫ة‬ ‫سد‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬   ‫ون‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫رب‬ ‫أ‬ ّ ‫ا‬
.‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬   ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬‫سو‬‫اأ‬ .  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬
 .‫سا‬ ‫ساء‬ ً ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ساأ‬ 
  
  ‫ا‬‫آ‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫رف‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ 
‫ض‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ .‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ٌ ‫و‬‫أ‬  ،‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫د‬‫و‬  ،‫ا‬‫د‬
.‫ساء‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ج‬  ‫ج‬‫و‬
ٍ
.3 ‫ض‬ ،‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
200
‫ري‬  ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫د‬ُ ‫ ٌر‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ان‬
‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ .‫ري‬‫س‬
  ‫د‬ ‫ج‬‫أ‬  ‫ات‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ون‬

‫ا‬‫ا‬ ٍ  ‫س‬ ‫س‬
ٍ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫اج‬ ‫ة‬    ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ذ‬
‫و‬‫ذ‬  ‫ذ‬ .‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫ف‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬   ،‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬‫وؤ‬
: ‫اب‬ 
)1(
‫ ــان‬ ‫ ــ‬ ُ ‫ـ‬
ٌ ‫�س ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ ـ‬ ‫رت‬ َ ‫ا‬ ٌ ‫سـ ـ‬ُ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬
‫ ـ ِـ‬‫ا‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ ــر‬ ُ‫ ــ‬ ‫ـ‬
ٍ ‫س ـ‬ ‫ـ ـ ًا‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ي‬‫أ‬ ‫ ــا‬ ‫ل‬‫ ــو‬
‫ ٌء‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬  ،‫ة‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫د‬‫أ‬   ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫و‬ .‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ون‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ام‬
،‫ة‬   ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ون‬  ،ً ‫ا‬ ‫سا ًء‬ ،‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫اء‬ ‫�سر‬ُ ً ‫س‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫دت‬‫سا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ ًا؛‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا ًء‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬
‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د؟‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ساأ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫سا‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ز‬  ،‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫سر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫د‬
،‫سام‬ ‫اء‬ ‫رف‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ٍ ‫د‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫ز‬
‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬

 ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫ر‬ ،‫ون‬ ‫ري‬  ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
‫ذه‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬
‫س‬ - ‫س‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ »‫ا‬‫أ‬«  ‫ر‬ُ ‫د‬ - ً  ‫ة‬‫ا‬
،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬ُ ‫اإ‬ .»‫ر‬ ِ  ‫ذي‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬« :‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬
.‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬

‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬   .‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬

‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ك‬  ً ‫دء‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬   ‫س‬  ،
‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ا‬
.20 ‫ض‬ ، ‫ى‬
1(
201
O‫رح‬‫ة‬ ‫دن‬ ‫سهق‬ ‫ ىر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬  ً ‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫اع‬  ‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫س‬
‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سوق‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  - ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬
.‫ساء‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ - ً ‫ا‬ ‫سا ًء‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫اءت‬ ،‫ز‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  
‫أن‬ ‫ ًة‬‫سا‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫وف‬
‫ر‬‫ؤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬   !‫سر‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬  ‫دم‬ ‫ر‬ُ‫اأ‬ ،‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫وؤ‬ 
:‫ا‬ !‫ض؟‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ؤ‬ ‫و‬َ ‫أ‬ :‫وف‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫أ‬  ‫ن‬‫أ‬
ٍ
!‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ؤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬   ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬
ِ 
]28/04/1365[ .‫ز‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬
‫امن‬ ‫ف�ص‬
Q
‫د‬
ّ ‫م ا‬‫ا‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ظر‬ ❊
.Q‫سجا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ❊

‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ج‬
Q‫سجا‬

‫ام‬‫إ‬ ❊
.‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
.R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫حر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ك‬ ❊
.‫لط‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ❊
‫ي‬‫سيا‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ج‬ ‫ر‬
‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫إن‬
  .‫ ًا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫رف‬ 
  ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫د‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫اب‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫أي‬ 
‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫اب‬  ‫وؤ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ .‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫د‬
‫و‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫سر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬
 ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ض‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫�ض‬   ‫ا‬ : ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫س‬ُ   ‫اب‬‫أ‬
 ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫رق‬‫س‬  ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬   ،»‫�س‬‫ر‬«  ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ان‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬   ‫أن‬ 
 .‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬

 ‫ا‬ ‫اع‬‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬  ُ  ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫أ‬    ‫أن‬ ‫س‬  ‫س‬ ،‫ام‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ل‬ ‫س‬
‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ُ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 34 ‫أ‬ 35 ‫د‬ ‫ده‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ى‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ر‬
،‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ ،ً ‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫سوف‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬

.Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫و‬
‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬   ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫إن‬
 ‫رف‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬

.‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ، ‫سا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫م‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ى‬ ‫ت‬ ‫س‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
 ‫رف‬ُ ‫اإ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
206
‫سوف‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ث‬‫و‬  ‫اإن‬ ،‫اأ‬ ُ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬
  ‫رف‬ُ  ‫إ‬
‫أ‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ن‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬

. ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬  ‫سدق‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬  ، R‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫سو‬  ً 

‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬‫ذ‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ .‫ا‬  ‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ُ ‫ري‬‫ز‬
‫اب‬‫س‬ 

 ‫أن‬   ،‫ة‬‫ر‬   ‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ز‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ُ ‫د‬ .‫ ًا‬‫س‬
‫د‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ،P
‫أن‬  ،‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ِ ‫س‬ ِ ‫ا‬  ً ‫زء‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ :‫ء‬‫آ‬
َ
‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬
‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ون‬
‫أ‬  ‫س‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ُ   ‫سات‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬
‫س‬
ٍ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬  ٍ‫ء‬‫س‬    .‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ 

‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫دف‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬
ُ  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ث‬‫و‬
.‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
 ‫رف‬ ‫أن‬  ‫د‬   ‫ذ‬ ،‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ا‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫و‬
 ‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
.‫س‬‫و‬  R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وم‬‫ا‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬   ‫ذي‬  ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ 
‫ان‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سا‬   ‫اء‬ ‫و‬‫ز‬   ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ر‬
‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬  ، ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ان‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  
‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سوح‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫س‬
.‫ا‬ Q
207
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
.‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬ ً  Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬
 ‫ذه‬ 
 ،‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬      Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬     ‫س‬ ‫ع‬ ‫و‬ .‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫د‬  ‫ذه‬  ،‫و‬
.‫ا‬‫سر‬ ‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ .Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫رت‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫س‬ 
،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫س‬‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫و‬‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إن‬.‫ء‬‫ر‬
‫ان‬‫س‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫دف‬ ‫ك‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫رت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫أ‬
 ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ،L ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫اع‬‫أ‬
‫ذ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫دث‬  ‫و‬ .
‫س‬
ٍ ‫ث‬‫ا‬ 

‫رك‬  ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬  ‫ده‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫س‬
‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫وب‬ ‫دم‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬   .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ 
‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬  ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
  ‫و‬   ‫دث‬ ‫أن‬
،‫ف‬‫ر‬    ‫و‬  .ً ‫د‬‫أ‬   ‫س‬
‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬   Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫و‬
.‫ة‬‫سر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫إ‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬
 ‫ذ‬ ‫ء‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
‫ ًا‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫دف‬ ‫ذ‬ 
 Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬
،‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫و‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ،‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬
‫د‬ ُ ‫و‬ .Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫أت‬‫د‬
 Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬  
‫د‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬   Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫س‬  ‫اأ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
208
.R‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ده‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
 Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬    ‫أن‬  ،‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا ًء‬
‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬ ‫رف‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫س‬‫أ‬
     ‫دف‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫دف‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ Q
.L ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬
.‫دف‬    ‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ـ‬ 94 ‫ام‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬ .‫ـ‬ 61
‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬    ‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ات‬‫ز‬ ‫سر‬
 ‫أن‬  ‫ذ‬
‫ات‬‫ر‬    ،‫ا‬    ‫و‬‫أ‬   ،‫س‬   ‫ات‬‫و‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬  
  ...‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬     ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ام‬  
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ذ‬   ‫و‬  .‫م‬ ‫ا‬ 
 ‫أن‬  ‫ذ‬
:‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ 
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ذي‬  ،‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ـ‬1
.‫ء‬‫د‬
‫ام‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ء‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ذي‬  »‫ة‬  ‫رف‬«  ‫و‬ ‫ ـ‬2
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫اح‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬
.
،‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ ـ‬3
.‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ز‬  
.‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ـ‬4
.‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اه‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ـ‬5
.‫ة‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫اظ‬
  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ـ‬6
 ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬ ‫س‬  .‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬ُ ‫أن‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ 
209
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫س‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫ز‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫اإن‬ ،‫ام‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬
‫�سى‬ ‫د‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫سوف‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬
ٍ
‫ل‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬  ‫دف‬ ‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  
‫دم‬  ،‫سا‬‫و‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬
،‫و‬ ‫رق‬  ‫م‬‫سر‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫سوف‬  ( ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سوؤ‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ز‬‫أ‬
‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ،‫سا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬   ،)‫ ًا‬
،‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ 35 ‫د‬ .‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
 ً ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫وع‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬   ،ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫رف‬  ‫ذي‬ 
.Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ده‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ 
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬    ،Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬  .‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ل‬
Q‫ر‬‫ا‬   ‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫اءه‬‫أ‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
،»‫دك‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ق‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  ...« :‫و‬
.1(‫اب‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ق‬‫د‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫اب‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫ح‬‫س‬   
‫ذي‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬
‫ة‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً  ،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ده‬  ‫اأ‬‫س‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سو‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ .‫وع‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬
.Q‫ا‬‫س‬

‫رج‬‫أ‬   ‫ ــا‬‫و‬ ‫س ــ‬   ‫�س ــرت‬ ‫ا‬« :‫ا‬ Q ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  .200 ‫ض‬ ،‫ ــات‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س ــا‬
‫و‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ــا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫أ‬   ‫ ــا‬ ،‫ق‬‫د‬‫س ــ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ :‫ا‬ ‫ ــده‬ ‫ ًا‬‫د‬‫س ــ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س ــ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬   ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ :‫ا‬ ،‫ق‬‫د‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫س ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ق‬‫د‬‫س ــ‬  ‫ون‬‫د‬
.»P ‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ح‬‫س‬ ‫ق‬‫د‬‫س‬  ‫ان‬ ‫إ‬ 
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
210
‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫أن‬ ً  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ 
،ً ‫أ‬ ‫ره‬‫ذ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫سا‬
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ساع‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫سرح‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫وم‬ 

]6 ،‫م‬‫س‬ ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬[.‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫رت‬  ،‫اب‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أت‬‫د‬ ‫د‬
.‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ، ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ز‬     ،‫ء‬‫ر‬
P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬   ،‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬  ‫أن‬ 
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫اح‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ P‫د‬  ‫آ‬ ‫ض‬‫ؤ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬
.‫س‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬   ،‫اه‬‫ا‬   P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬

‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫أ‬  .‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬  
‫ان‬ ‫ي‬‫وؤ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬« :O ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫سوب‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬

 ‫اج‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،1(»ً‫ا‬‫ـو‬ ً‫د‬ ‫ذ‬
‫د‬‫سد‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ً ‫اأ‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ذ‬ .‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ 
‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫زع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫دث‬
.‫ذ‬    ‫و‬   ‫ا‬ ‫أت‬ ‫دت‬‫سا‬ 
‫�س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫إ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وف‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ 
‫ا‬  ‫وق‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫د‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫ر‬‫ز‬ 
.‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫سا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬



‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫�س‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ات‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذه‬ ،‫ري‬‫ز‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫د‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ .‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
.115 ‫ض‬ ،45 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
211
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬
‫ة‬
 ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬   ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ Q
.‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬
 ‫و‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ا‬
   ،‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫اك‬
‫س‬
‫ة‬

‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬   ‫د‬ .‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬  
‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬‫ا‬   ‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬« :‫ا‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬
‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫�ض‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬   ‫اإ‬( »‫و‬ P‫ل‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫د‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫ذ‬   .1(»‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬« ،)‫ ًء‬‫ز‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬‫�س‬
‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ان‬‫ز‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬
.‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬  R
‫س‬ ‫ض‬ ُ ‫أن‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ق‬‫أ‬ ‫ذب‬ ُ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ان‬
‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬
 ُ ‫أن‬ ‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬ ً ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫سا‬ 
‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ . ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬
‫ى‬
ً  ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬   ،  ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ى‬ .‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫و‬ Q
‫ة‬ ‫إن‬ « :Q‫و‬  ،‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫ده‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫م‬  .2(»‫خ‬‫إ‬...‫ر‬‫آ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫دع‬ ‫ر‬  َ ‫أ‬« ً ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫س‬
.3(»‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫إ‬
‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬    ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫إن‬
،‫اء‬‫د‬   ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫رح‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ 
.259 ‫ض‬ ،6 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
.128 ‫ض‬ ،75 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
.391 ‫ض‬ ،‫و‬ 
1(
2(
3(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
212
،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ءه‬‫آ‬ ‫رح‬   ‫اأن‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
‫�سون‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ، ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫س‬
.‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬  .‫ذ‬
.‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ـ‬ 95 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ـ‬ 61 ‫ام‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
،Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫س‬
 ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬  « ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ »... ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ « ،‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫اه‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
.»‫ر‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬‫س‬
    ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬
 Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  
]28/04/1365[ .‫سنة‬ 35  ‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ذ‬ Q
‫ان‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ 
 ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ 
 ‫ا‬  .‫سوح‬   ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬
‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  
.R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫دف‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ 
‫ف‬‫ر‬   ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ،R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬ 
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬  ‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫و‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
،‫ا‬ ‫سري‬
 ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ، ‫ن‬‫ا‬ 
ٍ
 ‫اط‬
 ‫ن‬  ‫أ‬  ‫إ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫�ض‬   ‫ى‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬   ،‫س‬
،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ذ‬‫د‬،‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬‫ان‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬

‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اأن‬   ،‫ا‬ ‫اط‬ ‫أي‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ُ  ‫ى‬ 
‫ا‬   ،R ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬‫اأ‬‫ا‬  ‫اإ‬ ‫سر‬
213
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ،
‫س‬ ‫اط‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ز‬

‫أ‬ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ 

. 
‫اط‬  ‫وع‬ ‫أي‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ُ  

،‫ر‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  
 
 
 ‫و‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ق‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬
  ‫رف‬ ‫س‬  ‫ره‬‫د‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ،Q‫س‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ، ‫ء‬
‫ا‬‫إ‬   - »‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬« ‫ا‬ -  ‫�ض‬  ‫ات‬ ‫اك‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ،‫ة‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
    ‫ذ‬
:‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ ًا‬
.‫س‬ ‫د‬‫س‬
ٍ ‫أي‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬‫س‬  :ً ‫أ‬
.‫ون‬‫�س‬   ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ :ً‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫س‬  ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫س‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ 
 ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
.‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سو‬  ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ 
 ‫سد‬  ‫دث‬    ‫ات‬‫ر‬    ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ا‬   ‫ى‬
‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬  ،‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫سوف‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫رف‬ ‫س‬ ‫أي‬  ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬
ٍ ‫رف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ 
‫ذي‬  ‫د‬  ‫اظ‬ ‫ر‬ُ  ‫ة‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ام‬‫إ‬
Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫وم‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ - Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬ 
‫ف‬‫ر‬     .‫د‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  - Q
.Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
214
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬   ‫إن‬  -  ‫د‬  ‫سا‬ ‫ر‬  
‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ - ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ا‬ ،  ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬

‫دم‬‫س‬ ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬ ‫سد‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وم‬
  ‫إ‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫و‬
‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ق‬‫أ‬
.Q‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫د‬

Q‫اد‬‫س‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ حر‬
 ‫أن‬ ‫د‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫س‬
ٍ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ز‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫وم‬  ‫د‬ .‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫دف‬
. ‫ذ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬
  ‫ا‬ 
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
‫دف‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬
 ‫ا‬

70 ‫ام‬   ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اإن‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫م‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫اإن‬ 60 ‫سنة‬ Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬
‫دف‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬ ‫س‬
ٍ  ‫ذ‬ ،‫ـ‬147 - 148 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ل‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬

‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ف؟‬‫ر‬    ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬ُ ‫أن‬   
:‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اج‬
   ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫سر‬ُ  ‫ض‬‫د‬ُ  ‫ن‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬  -1
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬    ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ،R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ز‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬

‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬   ،‫س‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ر‬ 

،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ 

  ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬   ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬

‫ة؟‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬  ‫ن‬‫د‬  
‫ر‬ ‫ن‬   ‫أ‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬
،‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫وي‬
‫ام‬ ‫ة‬ ،‫و‬  ،‫د‬‫و‬‫ا‬ :‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬

‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
216
.‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
  .‫ال‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬
‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ساع‬‫أ‬  ‫سر‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
 ‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ز‬   ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬
.
‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬    ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ز‬  

 ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬  ً ‫دء‬ ،‫ت‬‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫س‬
،‫ري‬‫ز‬
‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫د‬   (   ‫اء‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬ 

‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً ‫ز‬ ،)‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ط‬ ‫اء‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سوف‬
‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ،‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سون‬‫و‬
.»‫ا؟‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫دع‬ ‫ر‬  َ ‫أ‬« :‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ 

‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫رك‬  ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫دف‬  
‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ . ‫ر‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ز‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫�ساء‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬
ٍ ‫وم‬ ‫أن‬ Q
ٍ 
.Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬

. ‫ام‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ -2
 ‫م‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬  ‫أ‬   ‫إ‬
‫سر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫سر‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬

P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬  ‫ة‬‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫رت‬  ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  
 ‫أي‬ ‫د‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫سرت‬ُ ‫د‬ ،
‫وي‬
‫ام‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ع‬

. ‫أ‬ ‫و‬

217
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ان‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ذ‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أن‬ ، ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ .P
 ‫ون‬ ‫و‬ ‫اء‬   ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫اط‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ا‬
.‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫�سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
  ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫ؤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ -3
  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫ا‬
‫�س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ض‬ ،‫ق‬‫ز‬
‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫وي‬


 ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ 

‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ 
 ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة؟‬
‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ ،‫ا‬  
.‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
:‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ :‫أ‬

. ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫أ‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫إ‬ :‫ا‬
. ‫س‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ R ‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ :‫ا‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬     ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬
.Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬    ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫أي‬ 
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
.
‫ر‬ ‫و‬   ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ 

‫و‬  ، ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬   ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫ء‬‫ر‬‫إ‬   
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
218
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ز‬‫و‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دف‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫د‬
،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬  ‫سة‬‫ا‬
 ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬   ‫د‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬   ‫و‬ 
 ‫د‬   (  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬  ‫رت‬  
.‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬   ‫رق‬ ‫أ‬    )‫ري‬‫ز‬
‫اب‬‫س‬

‫و‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ،‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
‫ى‬   ‫ت‬‫سد‬   ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬     ‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫أم‬
‫ر‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ر‬
،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫سوف‬  ‫اإ‬ ،‫اه‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
ٍ
‫ا‬‫سر‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫وط‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬    ‫أن‬
‫د‬‫اأ‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫أن‬  ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬  
.Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ة‬  ‫أي‬ ،‫س‬  ‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اأ‬  ‫سوف‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬
 َ  ‫ام‬
]8،‫م‬‫س‬ ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬[.‫وي‬
‫ر‬   Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ،ُ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ؤ‬‫أ‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ُ‫رت‬ ‫د‬
‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ذ‬( ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫س‬
  ‫أ‬
‫سر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،)‫ا‬  Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
ً ‫ر‬    ‫ان‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫د‬    Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ . ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫أن‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬  ،‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬   .‫س‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬

‫أي‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫دف‬   Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
95 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ،)Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬( ‫ـ‬ 95 ‫ى‬ 61 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ر‬    ،)Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬( ‫ـ‬ 114 ‫ى‬
219
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
.‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ام‬‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫سوف‬
‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  Q‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رف‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬
‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ - ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  
‫ا‬  ‫سد‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬
‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫سو‬
 ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
 ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سوف‬   ،‫ث‬‫و‬  ‫�ض‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬
‫سا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫سوف‬ ،R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫س‬  
.‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ز‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬   ‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫س‬  ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬   ‫د‬‫سد‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬   ‫أن‬
‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫سوف‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬(

‫ى‬ ‫ا‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ُ   ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
  ‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬  ،)‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ره‬‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫ذ‬
‫و‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫ده‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q

.‫س‬ ‫ري‬

Q‫اد‬‫س‬
‫ما‬

‫ي‬‫سيا‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫يا‬ 
‫اب‬  ‫و‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫د‬ ‫وم‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬   ‫و‬‫ذ‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬  »‫و‬ «
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ة‬
‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬   ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ض‬ ‫س‬

‫؟‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  .
‫د‬ ‫ون‬  ،‫ام‬‫اإ‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬

 ،‫ات‬‫آ‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ا‬ 
‫سو‬ ،‫ات‬‫ر‬   ‫ر‬ ً ‫و‬ 50  ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫دم‬‫س‬
.‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬
‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
‫اب‬  

  ‫ذ‬ ،‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬
‫إ‬ ‫و‬
    ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ .‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬   ‫د‬‫س‬
.ً ‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫م‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫و‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬« :‫ن‬‫و‬  »‫و‬ « ‫اب‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫ة‬ 
‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ،1(»‫ة‬ ‫وم‬   ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ره‬‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬
.249 ‫ض‬ ،‫و‬ 
1(
221
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
.‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬

‫ا‬ ‫أ‬« ‫أ‬ »‫ون‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬« ‫ة‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دم‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ 
‫ا‬   ،‫سة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ى‬ ،‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،»‫و‬‫إ‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫أ‬   .‫اب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ »‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬«
.‫وؤ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬
 ‫اب‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ‫سو‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬
 ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ٌ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫د‬‫و‬  ‫ ًا؛‬‫ا‬
‫سان‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اب‬   ‫سرف‬
‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬  ،‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬« :‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫اب‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫رق‬   .»...‫ون‬
 ‫ذ‬ .‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬
.‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ،‫س‬
:‫و‬  ،‫ب‬‫ذ‬  ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ً  
‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�س‬ »‫ده‬  ‫ذي‬     ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬  ‫أ‬«
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ره‬  ‫رء‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬   ‫وف‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬
« ،‫د‬‫و‬  ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ساء‬
‫د‬  ‫ذي‬   « ،‫و‬  ‫د‬  ،»‫إ‬ ُ‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬   
.»...‫وه‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬  ،
،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬
:Q‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬   ،‫د‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سوع‬‫و‬ ‫رح‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،1(»‫ه‬‫و‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬ «
‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫رق‬ ‫د‬‫و‬  ‫إ‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ان‬
ٍ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫إن‬ .R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سان‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
.249 ‫ض‬ ،‫و‬ 
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
222
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سان‬ ‫ى‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ -  ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫سو‬ »‫ام‬‫إ‬« ‫ة‬ .‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ٌد‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬
  ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬‫اإ‬   ‫سان‬‫إ‬
‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ P
 ‫ة‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫اإ‬
،‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ذي‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬  ‫أي‬ ،
.‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬ 
‫ا‬ 
ٍ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ )‫ام‬‫إ‬ ( ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬   ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ 
 ‫ر‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫سا‬  .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬
‫ب‬‫ا‬ :‫ذ‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ،
،‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫؛‬‫س‬    ‫ذ‬   ‫سا‬
‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫وم‬ ! ‫ح‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ده‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬ 
‫سر‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ 
 »‫ام‬‫إ‬« ‫ة‬ .‫ا‬ ٌ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬
‫ى‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ .‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫دم‬ 
‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ،»‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫إن‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬« :‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬
.‫ة‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫و‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ن‬‫ر‬   ‫د‬  ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
  

 ، ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ .‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ُ ‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬

،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ام‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫إ‬
‫ون‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ون‬ُ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ .‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ .‫ره‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬   ،‫ن‬‫ر‬   ‫د‬
‫س‬‫ر‬
‫ام‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ام‬   ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
 ‫د‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬

223
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
.‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬  
 ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ساأ‬ُ‫س‬  ‫إ‬ ‫و‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬
‫أن‬  ‫؟‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬    ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ر‬
‫ ًا‬  ‫و‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫و‬ ، ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬ 
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫؟‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬   ‫و‬  ‫ام؟‬‫إ‬
.‫س‬‫و‬  ‫سة‬‫سا‬
 ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫أن‬   .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دم‬‫س‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬ 
 
 ‫اأن‬ ‫سى‬‫ر‬   ‫ا‬ ‫وي‬‫أ‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬(.‫ة‬‫و‬
.)ً ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫سوف‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
،‫ا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ام‬ ‫ان‬  ،‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا ًء‬
‫سة‬‫سا‬
 ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬
 ‫ف‬‫ا‬  ‫سة‬‫ا‬
 .‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫رف‬  ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  
:  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬  ‫وع‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ات‬
‫وع‬  ‫و‬  ،‫ ًا‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ :‫ى‬‫أ‬

‫سر‬
 ‫أ‬ ،‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬    ‫ض‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .‫ر‬‫ذ‬
 ‫ض‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫أن‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ 
‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ P
 ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬   Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬  .‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫رف‬ ‫ى‬
‫د‬ ،‫سد‬‫ر‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫رت‬  P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ 
Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬
‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫و‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  .Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫سو‬‫أ‬
‫ف‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬

  ‫دي‬‫ا‬

‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
224
‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ، .‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬  ‫رج‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫د‬
.‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫س‬

‫ان‬‫أ‬  ُ     ‫سري‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ُ ‫إ‬ .‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫و‬
 ‫أي‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫وم‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫وح‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬ ‫د‬     ‫اإ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫د‬‫و‬  ، ‫س‬ ‫سر‬ P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬   ،‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬
‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫ده‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬
.‫س‬
 ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ 
‫أن‬ ،Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ذ‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫و‬   ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ .‫س‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬
 ‫سون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬  ‫س‬  
،‫سام‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫س‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬
‫أ‬ «  ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫سون‬ ‫د‬
‫ات‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬  ‫اأ‬‫ا‬ ،‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫سون‬ ‫د‬ »‫اء‬‫و‬
.1(‫ة‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ده‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬   ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬ 
.‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
‫ر‬  ‫ج‬‫ر‬   Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬   ،‫سا‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬   ‫و‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫إ‬  ،‫ام‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬


.565 ‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سرح‬  ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
1(
225
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫أ‬   ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ى‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  .‫ر‬‫أ‬
:‫ا‬ R ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫�سر‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ ــ‬ ‫ ـ ــ‬‫ـ ـ ـ‬‫ـ ـ ـ‬‫ ـ ــا‬ ‫ـ ـ ـس ـ ــ‬‫ ـ ــا‬ ‫ـ ــ‬‫ــ ـ‬‫ــ ـ‬
.)2(‫ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــز‬ ‫ــ ـ ـ ـ ٌـ‬  ‫ــ ـ ــاء‬ ‫ـ ـ ـ ٌر‬‫ـ ـ ـ‬
‫ى‬ .‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ن‬‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫اج‬
 ‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬   ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  .‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫اأ‬ ‫رف‬ُ  ‫أ‬
ٌ ‫ذ‬« :‫ا‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬
 ‫اج‬
.ً  ‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ،»  ‫ق‬‫ر‬

‫ر‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫وه‬‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬(   ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫و‬
 ‫ذ‬ .‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ) ‫ا‬ 
‫ج‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬
.‫آن‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  :‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
،‫ال‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ :ً ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫دث‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ان‬
‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫اء‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ...‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬‫و‬‫ا‬
.‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ر‬ ،ُ ‫أن‬   ‫اإ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫سان‬
.]9 ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬[.Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬  ‫وع‬ ‫ذ‬
.181 ‫ض‬ ،‫ري‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ،‫وف‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وف‬ )1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
226
‫ة‬‫ه‬‫ر‬‫ وا‬‫ن ا‬ ‫اص‬‫ر ا‬‫ذ‬
‫رف‬  ‫سة‬‫ا‬
 ‫اب‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وع‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬
 ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬   .‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬ ُ  ‫إن‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ء؟‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬   .‫ا‬ ‫ام‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬   ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬    ‫د‬‫د‬‫ا‬
‫د‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬   ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ام‬
.R ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
 ‫س‬
 ‫وع‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫اب‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ 
 ‫ره‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ( Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫سا‬ ‫ات‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫اك‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ 
 ‫سر‬   ‫رت‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬

.)‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫آ‬   ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬  
‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬« :‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وع‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اب‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬
‫أن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬   .»‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬   ‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫اب‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ذ‬ ،R ‫اأ‬ ‫وؤ‬ :‫سة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬
‫أ‬ »‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬« ‫س‬   ‫أ‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ ًا‬ ،»‫ون‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬« ‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫وؤ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 ‫اب‬ ‫أن‬  ،»‫م‬‫آ‬  ‫ا‬«
.R ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
   ‫ون‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬« :Q‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬
‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬
.1(»‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ،‫ا‬
.252 ‫ض‬ ،‫و‬ 
1(
227
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  ‫و‬ ‫م‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬
  ‫سد‬‫ا‬
‫اع‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬  ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ع‬‫سر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬  .‫س‬
‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫و‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
‫ذه‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫و‬
 ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬
.‫ا‬ ‫رك‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬     ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫وؤ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫إ‬  ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬    ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ات‬‫ا‬‫ر‬
‫ات‬  ‫د‬‫د‬  ،‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫و‬  ‫رب‬ 
‫ى‬ ً ‫د‬‫اأ‬ ، ُ   ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
.‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫ذ‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ا؟‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ . ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬     ‫ز‬  ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
‫اب‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫وؤ‬ ‫و‬

 ‫ات‬‫ا‬  ‫وع‬
‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اب‬  .‫وع‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ً  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬
.‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ :‫ر‬
‫و‬ ‫سو‬ ‫اب؟‬  ‫ا‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ذ‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ا‬ ‫اء‬
‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫وؤ‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ Q‫و‬
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫اب‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ب‬‫ذ‬  ‫ذ‬ 
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ « :ً  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ات‬   ‫أ‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬
 ‫دع‬ ‫ث‬‫و‬  ‫ات‬  ‫ة‬ ‫وم‬     ‫و‬
.1(»‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬
.14 ‫ض‬ ،8 ‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
228
‫سة‬‫سو‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫�س‬‫ان‬‫ز‬‫ا‬‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ َر‬،‫ة‬‫سر‬  ،‫أن‬ ‫ذ‬‫د‬‫ر‬،‫ان‬‫س‬
 ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬   .‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وب‬  « :‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬   
‫ذه‬ .  ‫آن‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  .1(» ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬
-  ‫سر‬  - ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬   ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬
.‫ا‬ ‫وب‬ ‫ساط‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ة‬    ‫وب‬ 
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬« ،‫سا‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬
 .‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫و‬ »‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫آن‬ .‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ام‬ ‫و‬‫ذ‬ُ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫؟‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ 
‫ا‬  .2(Q ً ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬
 ‫؟‬‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫ساأن‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫�ض‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  
،
‫ذه‬ ،‫ذ‬  ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫وؤ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬
  ،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬َ  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رب‬   ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ر‬   ‫سو‬

 ‫د‬ ،‫ساط‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ف‬‫ر‬
.‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ 
 ‫أ‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ات‬  ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬
‫رت‬    ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  .‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ R
 ‫ا‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬    ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬
‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫سر‬ ،‫ري‬
‫د‬‫س‬ ‫دي‬

  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ،‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ 
.16 ‫ض‬ ،‫ ن‬.‫م‬
.‫ ن‬.‫م‬
1(
2(
229
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رت‬    ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ 
 ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أن‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ .‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫رت‬ ‫س‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫و‬ .‫و‬ ‫رك‬  ‫ى‬ ،‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ث‬‫و‬  ‫ر‬ 
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ري‬ ‫د‬« :‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬
.1(»‫و‬   ‫ى‬  ‫ون‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  
 ‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬  ‫ن‬‫�سر‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬
‫أن‬   ‫ذ‬ . ‫ون‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ - ‫و‬ ‫ام‬   - ‫سا‬
‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫رح‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ذ‬  .‫و‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ 
‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ة‬‫سر‬
،‫ة‬‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ا‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬

 .‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫رح‬   ‫ز‬    ‫أ‬  
.»‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬« :Q‫و‬
‫اع‬ُ ‫أن‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ا‬
   ‫أ‬ ‫سوح‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫و‬ .‫ل‬ ‫د‬
 . ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬   ‫أ‬ . ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دم‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ . ‫ه‬‫سا‬   ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ « :‫و‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬
.2(» ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫دي‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬   ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬
‫ساأ‬ ‫ى‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫اب‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ذ‬ 
.‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫سر‬‫أ‬   ‫ث‬ ‫سا‬  ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
.253 ‫ض‬ ،‫و‬ 
.254 ‫ض‬ ،‫و‬ 
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
230
‫ا‬‫ؤ‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ :‫ى‬‫أ‬

.‫ا‬  ‫ى‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬ 
‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫د‬ :‫ر‬‫أ‬

.‫س‬‫إ‬


‫وم‬  ‫اإ‬ ‫ز‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ساأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫رف‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬
.‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬ ‫وي‬
‫ام‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ 

  ‫س‬‫إ‬

.‫سا‬   ‫أ‬
  ‫و‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫و ٌع‬
‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬  
‫ون‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ا‬ .‫سة‬‫ا‬

‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ،R ‫أ‬
‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫وط‬‫�س‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫ذ‬‫إ‬
.1(»‫و‬ «  ‫ات‬  ‫وع‬ ‫ذ‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إن‬ « :‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬
.2(»‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ر‬‫ا‬  �  ‫ر‬،‫ر‬‫آ‬
.‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬
 ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫اأن‬   Q‫و‬
3(
..  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬  ‫د‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫س ــا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ ــ‬  ‫د‬‫و‬   ‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫د‬‫س ــد‬ ‫س ــ‬‫أ‬
،‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ .‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫و‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س ــا‬‫إ‬  ‫وع‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ون‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬   - Q‫ ا‬‫س ــ‬
‫أن‬   ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫س ــا‬    ،‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬
‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ ــد‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫ ــو‬

‫ا‬‫�سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬ُ ‫أن‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫س‬ُ
.)‫ا‬(‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
.128 ‫ض‬ ،75 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س ــا‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ ا‬‫س ــ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫د‬ ‫أن‬  ‫أ‬‫ر‬
ً  Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ُ‫دت‬ ‫د‬ .‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫�سا‬‫أ‬
 ‫س ــ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ى‬ .‫ى‬‫أ‬ ّ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫أ‬ 
‫ات‬  ‫ا‬‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫دت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬
. )‫ا‬(  ‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ،Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
1(
2(
3(
231
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬   ‫د‬‫و‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫و ٌع‬ ‫اك‬
‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫ة‬‫سا‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ .‫وق‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬  ،‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫سر‬‫أ‬  
‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬  ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫سا‬  
‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ،‫�س ًا‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫وق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫د‬ ‫سان‬   ،‫و‬ ‫�سا‬‫أ‬  ، ‫ل‬  ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬
‫ى‬   ،   ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ...‫ن‬‫أ‬

   ‫وق‬  ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ .‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬   ،‫ر‬

‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ات‬

‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬   ‫وم‬ ‫اء‬ ‫و‬  ‫إ‬   ‫ام‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫أ‬ - ‫د‬ ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ - ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫و‬  ُ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫رف‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سو‬ 
  ‫ر‬   ‫ات‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬   ،‫س‬
.ً ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬    ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫و ٌع‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ام‬  
ً ‫س‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ده‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫وع‬
 ‫ ًا‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ون‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬    ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫�س‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ .  ‫سان‬‫إ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ،‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  .‫سان‬‫إ‬
 ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫سان‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ .‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ 
  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬ .‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬  ،ً ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ 
»ً‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬   « :‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫وب‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬
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.‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬   ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫اإن‬
 ‫اإ‬ .‫ره‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬   ‫ض‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬
 
  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ .‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ذ‬ .‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ً  ‫سرب‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ت‬‫أ‬  .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ٌ ‫ذ‬
‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫اظ‬‫إ‬ ‫اف‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫اب‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ .‫ح‬‫س‬
.»‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫دع‬ ‫ ٌر‬ َ ‫أ‬« :‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .Q‫ا‬‫س‬
‫اب‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ز‬‫ا‬ .‫د‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫و‬  ‫ر‬
‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  ‫د‬   ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬   .‫ر‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬  
 ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ذ‬  ‫ون‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬
‫س‬ ‫سوف‬ .Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ره‬‫س‬ .ً ‫ر‬‫سا‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ل‬ ‫ساء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬
ٍ ‫ى‬ ‫وي‬
]10 ،‫م‬‫س‬ ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬[.‫ل‬ ‫ساء‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ان‬
R‫ئ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رح‬  ‫يك‬

‫ان‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ 
‫سرت‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫؟‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اه‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫رف‬ ‫س‬
.‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سوع‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫اث‬‫أ‬  ‫سا‬‫ا‬
 ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  
‫ا‬   ، ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫�ض‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫و‬   ‫أ‬ ،‫ره‬‫أ‬
 ‫سر‬  Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ده‬‫سا‬
.Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫رك‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫أن‬ ،‫س‬ ‫س‬
  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
‫تي‬ّ  R ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫سوف‬ ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬‫د‬
 .‫سد‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ 
‫ر‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ذي‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬   ‫و‬ 
  ‫ى‬ ‫د‬  ،‫ه‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬
  ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ، ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫سرت‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫أ‬
،ً ‫د‬  ً  Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬   R ‫أ‬ ‫و‬
‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬     ‫سر‬  
.‫ا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ات‬
،‫ذ‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ،  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
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   .‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫دء‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫س‬‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫س‬
‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬   ‫ر‬ .‫ة‬  ‫و‬‫د‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫و‬‫د‬
  ‫ا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫�ض‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ت‬‫سد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،R‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬
‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ج‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ن‬‫ر‬   ‫د‬ ‫اإن‬ ،Q‫ا‬‫س‬

.‫د‬‫د‬   ‫أ‬‫د‬ ،R ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ساط‬ ‫وي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬  
 ،‫ا‬   ‫ى‬  .‫ات‬  ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬ ً  ‫ض‬ ‫ذ‬
 ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬   ،Q‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫أن‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ،‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
.1( ‫ام‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ 
‫اه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬
،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫س‬ .‫ري‬‫ز‬
‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫د‬   Q‫ا‬‫س‬

 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫سوء‬ ‫ى‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬   ‫ر‬
‫و‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫سا‬‫إ‬
‫رك‬  ‫و‬  ‫ان‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬  ‫إن‬ « :
‫أ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ .2(»‫وه‬‫ر‬   ‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ 
‫ا‬‫ز‬ 
‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ ،R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ،‫د‬

  .‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫س‬
.  ‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫سرك‬ ‫وم‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ 
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫س ــ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫اه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س ــ‬‫أ‬
ٌ  ‫ذي‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫آ‬
.)‫ا‬(‫سا‬  ‫ساأ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ 
.415 ‫ض‬ ،2‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
2(
235
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
  ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ُ ‫و‬ ‫سرك‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ً ‫و‬ ‫و‬ .‫سرك‬ ‫إ‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬   ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ون‬‫سر‬
‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ 
.‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ .‫ال‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ُ
 ‫ ًا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫د‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫د‬   ‫ا‬‫د‬ 

‫ذي‬  ‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫سرك‬ ‫سرك‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬
.‫ام‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫وم‬‫ر‬
‫و‬  ‫ض‬
‫ة‬
 1(‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  M‫س‬

‫اء‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫رك‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫إن‬ « :
 ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫و‬
  ‫ة‬ ‫اأ‬ .»‫ا‬ ‫و‬
 
‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬
 ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫اء‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ل‬  ‫ون‬  ‫ل‬ ‫اء‬
    ،‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬
.‫ال‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ُ

‫سة‬
‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫أن‬   ‫و‬ .  ‫سرح‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬

:‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬    ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬   ،P‫رم‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫سر‬
 ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ري‬ ‫و‬«
‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ،
‫س‬‫و‬  ‫د‬ ،‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ 
‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ‫د‬    ‫أ‬  .2(»‫ة‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬   ً ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،
.‫سر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ، ‫ة‬‫ر‬
 ‫اإ‬ ‫سرك‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ 
.96 ‫ض‬ ،48 ‫زء‬ ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
.96 ‫ض‬ ،48 ‫ ج‬،‫ ن‬.‫م‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
236
‫ات‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ . ‫ام‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
.Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ات‬‫ا‬  ‫ده‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ :‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫أ‬   ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬
،)‫ر‬
  ‫ة‬(  ‫د‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫وي‬‫أ‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫سا‬‫ر‬
:‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬
Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬  ‫د‬  ‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫إ‬  -1
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫و‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬   ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ ًا‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ً  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ان‬ . ‫د‬  ‫س‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ 
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬    ‫د‬   .‫ ًا‬‫سر‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ،Q
ً ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ ًا‬‫و‬
‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ 
 ‫سة‬‫ا‬

‫ام‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ج‬‫ز‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ .‫ ًا‬‫س‬
‫رئ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وؤم‬ « : ‫ام‬ ‫د‬ P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ون‬
 ‫ه‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ره‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ .1(»‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫وؤم‬ ‫وؤم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ 
...)‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ( ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫د‬ ،ً ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬  ‫ان‬ ، ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ :ً ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫أ‬   ‫ض‬‫أ‬
  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫م‬  ‫س‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ر‬
‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫؟‬‫س‬  
  ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ !‫وؤ‬
  : ‫ا‬ ‫ده‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬  ‫د‬  .‫د‬‫سد‬    ‫ى‬ ‫ده‬
‫د‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬( .‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫سان‬ ‫ذ‬ !‫دي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
.)‫ض‬‫ا‬

ٍ ‫وي‬
Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬      ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ر‬ :‫ا‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬ -2
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫د‬   ، ‫د‬
.105 ‫ض‬ ،46‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
237
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ذ‬ .‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ٌ‫ا‬ 
 ‫ا‬‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ً ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ .Q
‫إ‬  ،‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫اإن‬
‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫اإ‬ ‫ده‬ ،‫س‬ ‫س‬  
.‫اج‬
‫سة‬
 ‫و‬ ‫ده‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬   ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ، Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  
‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬« :Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ .1(‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬  ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬
   ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬   ‫رج‬   ‫ل‬ ‫اإن‬
‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ {‫ره}ﰄﰅﰆﰇﰈﰉﰊ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬
.2(»‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ذه‬
‫أي‬  ‫د‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫اه‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬
‫و‬ ‫س‬  :‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ .‫ ًا‬‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ :ً ‫أ‬  ‫سوف‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬
 ‫ذ‬ .‫و‬    ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ .‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬
.‫د‬‫د‬
.‫وي‬‫أ‬
   ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬
 ُ   ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬    ،  Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫و‬ ‫أم‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬     Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ 
 ‫ا‬( ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫سة‬
:)‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ون‬‫د‬ ‫ون‬ ‫وؤ‬  ‫د‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬

‫ف‬‫و‬‫اء‬‫أ‬
،‫ى‬‫إ‬
 ‫ر‬‫د‬‫سام‬‫دم‬‫ا‬‫د‬

.‫ره‬  ‫�سـ ـ ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫س ــ‬
 ‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬   ‫س ــ‬
 ‫ن‬‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫ ــ‬
)‫ا‬(
.302 ‫ض‬ ،3‫ ج‬،‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
238
‫ر‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سد‬  ،‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫دم‬  ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬
‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  ،‫سو‬‫و‬  
‫ن‬ ‫و‬  ‫ن‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ،‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ان‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫سر‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫س‬  ‫ض‬ .‫ث‬‫ر‬
‫اه‬‫س‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫وه‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  .‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ض‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫اج‬
   ‫س‬ ،‫و‬   ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬
   ‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬   ‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬

.ً ‫د‬  ‫ف‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬
 ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬  ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ،ً ‫ر‬ ‫سام‬ ‫ى‬  ‫س‬
‫س‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫؟‬‫ذ‬  :‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ساأ‬ .‫ء‬‫د‬   ‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
  Q‫س‬  
‫ون‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫و‬   ‫�س‬ 
  ‫أ‬
‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬  ،‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ذ‬  ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫و‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬ 
 ‫ذ‬    ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
.‫سام‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ ًا‬‫و‬  ‫ر‬
‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫اك‬ ً ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ، ‫أ‬    ،‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ان‬
 ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ :ً ‫ا‬ ‫دم‬  Q‫س‬  
 ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
. ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اأن‬  ‫س‬
‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫سان‬ ‫ا‬ ، :‫سام‬ ‫ا‬
1(
: ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬‫د‬ ، ‫أ‬     ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬
)1(
‫رم‬  ‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ ــ‬‫ر‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ ــاء‬ ‫رف‬ ‫ ــذي‬  ‫ذ‬
 ‫�س‬ ‫سام‬  ‫ى‬ ‫وف‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ات‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
.121 ‫ض‬ ،46 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
239
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫ا‬« :‫ا‬   ً ‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬  .‫ه‬‫ر‬
.»ً ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ل‬
‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬ .‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ض‬‫اأ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ .‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ى‬  ‫ام‬
‫ ًا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ، ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬
  ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫إ‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬« : ‫سرخ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
.‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫و‬ ،»‫ال‬ ‫و‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ى‬   ‫أ‬
‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬  ‫سات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ 
.]12 ،‫م‬‫س‬ ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬[.ً ‫و‬‫س‬
‫ط‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ م‬Q‫ما‬ ‫ج‬‫مو‬
Q‫ا‬‫س‬

‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  
  ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫سا‬‫أ‬
:‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫اإ‬  ‫أن‬ 
 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬
‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬
  ،‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ُ ‫ذ‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 35 ‫أ‬ 30  ‫ى‬‫س‬ ً ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ،‫ا‬‫ا‬‫د‬    ‫سو‬
 ‫ذه‬
‫و‬  ،‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬

 ‫ا‬  ‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ Q    ‫ف‬‫ر‬
.‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬


Q‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
 Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ا‬‫ز‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 
  ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رف‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬     ‫ا‬
.‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬
 
   ،‫وي‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬   ،‫س‬‫إ‬
   ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ،

‫ا‬‫إ‬   ‫د‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬   ‫أ‬
  ‫ر‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬
  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ف‬‫ر‬   ‫ة‬‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫�ض‬ ‫ذي‬    .‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫سر‬

241
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اءه‬‫أ‬ ً   Q‫ا‬‫س‬

‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫�ض‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
  
‫س‬
.‫و‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دم‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬
ُ
‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ،‫سا‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
،‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫أ‬

‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ،‫و‬
‫و‬ ً ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫اث‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬   .‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫سا‬
،‫س‬‫إ‬
   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬

‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫ون‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫ا‬ .)‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬ 1(‫اء‬ ‫أي‬(
‫ده‬‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬
 ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ 
‫ض‬‫ا‬  ، ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫اء‬
.‫س‬ 
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫وب‬ ‫ذب‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬  ‫اإن‬ ، ‫ا‬
 ‫ز‬
‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫إ‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫اء‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
  ،‫إ‬

‫ز‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،ً ‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬‫د‬    ‫ة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫أ‬ ‫اإ‬ .‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬
‫د‬‫اأ‬‫ا‬ ، ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ،P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
 ‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ 
‫و‬‫ا‬   ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬   ‫س‬ ‫د‬ :‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬
،
‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬ 

‫ان‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ون‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫إ‬ ‫إ‬

‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫اء‬ ‫د‬  ‫ون‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ام‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ ــر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ ــان‬‫ز‬   ‫د‬ ‫اء‬ ‫س ــد‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ »‫اء‬« ‫ ــو‬ ‫ ــا‬‫د‬
)‫ا‬(.‫ ا‬‫ز‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
242
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ون‬ ،‫سا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬
.‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫�س ًا‬   ،‫ن‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ 
:‫ا‬
‫ت‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫أن‬ .1(‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  
‫؟‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  :‫ض‬‫س‬  
ُ ‫ساأ‬ ،‫سام‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬
.‫سام‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ن‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫دي‬ ‫أ‬ 70  ‫د‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ض‬     .‫ساب‬
‫ء؟‬‫وؤ‬   .‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ .‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ، !‫ر‬  ‫وم‬   ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ض‬     ،ً ‫إ‬ ‫ء؟‬‫وؤ‬   !‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ره‬‫أ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫إ‬ :‫ض‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ 
ُ  ‫سام‬ ‫دن‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬    ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫ذه‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  .‫ة‬  ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫�س‬‫أ‬  ‫سام‬ ‫أ‬ 
‫ز‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫سام‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ 
.P
 ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬
 ‫ض‬ ،‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سو‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫وك‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬
‫د‬‫و‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫سـ ـ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬   ‫ة‬‫س ــ‬ 
.   ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ 
1(
243
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
.‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬   ‫د‬‫و‬
‫سر‬ ‫اك‬ )‫اب‬( ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫سة‬
 ‫ا‬
‫ساأ‬ :‫ا‬ ‫أب‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ره‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ض‬ ‫د‬
.‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬   ‫ى‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
ُ
‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ق‬
ً ‫س‬ ‫ان‬   ‫سة‬
 ‫ذه‬ 
‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ى‬ . ‫وع‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬
  .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
.‫اء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ 
.‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ً  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ُ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  
،‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
:‫ري‬‫ز‬
‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫د‬   ‫ا‬  

‫ا‬‫س‬
‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫د‬  ‫ان‬

 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  1(‫ري‬‫ز‬
 ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬   ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ر‬  Q
‫ام‬  ‫رب‬ -  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ؤ‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬ - ‫د‬‫ا‬  ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫د‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬
ٍ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ 
.‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ذ‬ 
 ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬
:‫ساأ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬   ‫ري‬‫ز‬
‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ 

 ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ، ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ره‬ ‫ا‬ « : ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬
 ‫ى‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬   .2(»ً‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬
 ‫و‬ ‫ا‬   ‫أن‬ ‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬   ‫ز‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫ري‬‫ز‬
‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫وه‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬

‫س‬ ‫أ‬   ،‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ُذ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ري‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫ُد‬ ‫د‬
)‫ا‬(. ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ده‬
.110 ‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫د‬ ‫س‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
244
.‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ُ ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
‫ري‬‫ز‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ « :‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫د‬ُ  ‫د‬‫أ‬
‫ى‬ ُ ‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ 1(.»‫د‬‫و‬ ُ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
 ‫ذ‬ :‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ز‬  ‫رج‬ُ  ‫ب‬‫د‬
‫و‬
‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ 2(!‫ري‬‫ز‬


  ‫زت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ َءه‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ري‬‫ز‬

  ‫ا‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫ر‬
‫د‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬
.‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬

‫د‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫ا‬ ‫ري‬‫ز‬
‫اط‬ ‫ر‬   ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ٌ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫و‬

:‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ P‫ل‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬ ‫ري‬‫ز‬ ‫إن‬ « :‫ا‬  ‫و‬


‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ :‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ُ 
‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬    ‫ر‬ ‫إن‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
.3(»‫ة‬ ‫ام‬
‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ز‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬
‫ة‬  ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ 
 ‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫ى‬ 
‫د‬ ‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫س ًة‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ - ‫ر‬‫ز‬  ‫و‬    ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ  - ‫ن‬‫ر‬   ‫د‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬
 - ‫د‬‫أ‬
‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬‫ذ‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫د‬ ‫ان‬
.‫ة‬  ‫سرف‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫سرف‬ ‫أن‬ ُ  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫رق‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫و‬   ‫أ‬ - ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫رف‬  -  
.‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫و‬  ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬
‫اب‬‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬   ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬
)‫ا‬(.‫ده‬ ‫ة‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬   ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
1(
)‫ا‬( »!‫ري‬‫ز‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ُ ‫ز‬  ‫ب‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬  ُ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ...«
2(
.261 ‫ض‬ ،2 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬ ‫ا‬
3(
245
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫أي‬  ‫ى‬‫اإ‬ . ‫د‬ ‫و‬  ‫سام‬  ‫زء‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
  ‫دث‬  ‫؟‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬  ‫ ٌر‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
‫ان‬  ‫دث‬ ‫و‬ ‫؟‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ة‬   ً ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬
‫ري‬‫ز‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
  ‫رم‬ ‫د‬  ‫أن‬ 
.‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ب‬‫اآ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫رف‬  ‫ذي‬ 
‫س‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬   ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ري‬‫ز‬
‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬

 ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫سرف‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫وم‬‫ر‬ ‫اأ‬ - »‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫أ‬« ‫اب‬
،‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ري‬‫ز‬
‫د‬   - ‫د‬

‫ }ﭛﭜ‬:‫ة‬‫آ‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ P‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
.)‫ال‬ ‫ا‬( Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ 1({‫ﭝﭞﭟ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ 
- ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫د‬ - ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  - ‫س‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،R‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫ر‬  ، ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ - ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬
!‫د‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬   ‫سر‬
‫م‬ ‫و‬  ‫ر‬   ‫أ‬

‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬

 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ري‬‫ز‬
.‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
   ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬   ‫ذ‬   ً ‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ »‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬« ‫ض‬ ‫أن‬  ‫د‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ساء‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ون‬‫�س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬  ‫د؟‬‫سد‬ ‫و‬
‫سر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ري‬‫ز‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬


‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫دي‬‫أ‬   ‫ا‬  ،‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫د‬ 
.54 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ، ‫سو‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
246
‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 1300  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬( ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬‫أ‬
  ‫ك‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ،)‫ا‬
 ُ   ‫ة‬‫�سر‬
‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫اء‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬
 .‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬
 ‫ا‬ ،‫س‬ ‫دي‬‫اأ‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وم‬
 ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫وط‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دي‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫سر‬
:‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ !‫؟‬‫أ‬
.»‫ا‬     ‫اك‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬« :Q‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
  ‫أن‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ ،‫اب‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ده‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬ ‫زء‬ 
.‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ، ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫س‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫اب‬‫س‬  ‫د‬
.‫ري‬‫ز‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ض‬

 ‫ذ‬ ،Q‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫رب‬ 
‫ة‬‫ر‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫ر‬   ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬« :Q‫و‬  .‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
‫ة؟‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫اب‬  ،‫و‬ .»‫ر‬ ‫أن‬
‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
.‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ر‬ 
   ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اه‬     ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫د‬
 ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬  ،‫ل‬     ‫و‬   ‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ، ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫ا؟‬‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬
 ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫سى‬‫ر‬  ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬
:‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫رك‬‫س‬ ‫ك‬‫سو‬
247
Q ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
.1({ ‫}ﭘﭙﭚﭛ‬
‫أن‬  « :Q‫و‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬   ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬
  ، ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬
‫ر‬   ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أن‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ .»ُ   ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ،‫وت‬   ‫وك‬ ‫د‬ 

‫ا‬ ‫ذت‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬« .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬ 
ً ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬  ً‫ا‬  ٍ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ر‬   ‫وت‬« .»‫اك‬‫أ‬    ‫س‬

‫وق‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ر‬  ٍ ‫ذ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ )‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬( ،»‫اك‬‫أ‬ 
.»‫ل‬  ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬« ‫؟‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫�سا‬
‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬« :Q‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ً ‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬ ً‫ر‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  ‫أ‬ ً‫ا‬ ‫وك‬ ،‫اك‬  ،‫اك‬ ‫إ‬
، ً‫ا‬‫ا‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ 
  ‫ون‬‫د‬
 .»‫؟‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وب‬  ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ى‬ 
  ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫س‬‫أ‬
  ‫غ‬ « :‫و‬
.2(»‫ا‬ ‫ح‬‫إ‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ 
‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫د‬
‫ري‬
‫ا‬

ّ

ٍ ‫رك‬  ‫ذي‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫اأ‬ .‫ا‬
‫و‬
ّ

‫سوف‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫س‬‫إ‬
    ‫ذي‬  ‫سوؤ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬

.‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬
،Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬
،‫سة‬‫ا‬


ِ  Q ‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫وي‬‫ر‬
 ‫رك‬  
.187 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫سو‬
.132 ‫ض‬ ،75 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
248
]11 ،‫م‬‫س‬ ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬[.‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬ 
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬
‫دت‬    Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ :‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬
،‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 34  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ساط‬ ‫سر‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ R ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫سر‬ ‫س‬
‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬   ‫و‬‫ا‬ . ‫سون‬‫ر‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  
‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  ‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫دث‬  - ‫سام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬
‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫آ‬ ،‫د‬‫د‬ ‫و‬   ‫سو‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ - ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬  
‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫و‬   ‫ر‬ 95 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬
]12 ،‫م‬‫س‬ ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬[.ً ‫د‬‫س‬   ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫صع‬‫تا‬ ‫ف�ص‬
‫ر‬‫م ا‬‫ا‬
Q
.‫ظ‬
‫ري‬
‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ❊


.‫سام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�سا‬‫إ‬ ❊
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬‫ظ‬ ❊
.Q‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬ ‫مرح‬
‫ة‬‫ة وا‬‫ر‬‫ة ا‬‫ا‬‫ا‬

ٌ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ،Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬

‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ .Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫و‬   ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫إن‬ . ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫س‬
‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ - ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬
‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬   ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫س‬ - ‫و‬ 
‫ق‬‫ر‬  ‫سة‬‫ا‬
 ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫د‬  ‫وم‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ر‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬    .‫ة‬‫ز‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ .1(‫ا‬    ‫س ًا‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
 ‫ة‬‫د‬  
‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ٌ  ‫و‬ 
 ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬
،‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫�سا‬  ‫و‬‫ساأ‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬
 ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫آ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬

‫ا‬‫إ‬
 ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ُ   ،‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬
  ‫و‬
‫اج‬ ‫أ‬    ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫سد‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ .‫س‬

،‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫سان‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫سدي‬‫أ‬ ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬
.143 ‫ض‬ ،46 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫؛‬104 ‫ض‬ ،4 ‫ ج‬،‫ة‬  ‫سرح‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
252
 ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ُ   ‫د‬‫سا‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رك‬
‫�س‬ ‫د‬  ‫آ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫رف‬  ،‫سان‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سان‬
ٍ  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ٍ 
 ‫سو‬‫أ‬
  ‫ن‬‫ر‬  ‫اء‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ٍة‬  .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫د‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫اأ‬  ‫وع‬
ٍ ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬    ‫ر‬  - ‫ـ‬ 86 ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫و‬ - ‫ن‬‫ر‬ 
‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ .‫س‬‫ا‬    ‫أن‬
‫ذ‬  ‫س‬‫اأ‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أ‬‫ا‬
‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬   ‫ت‬‫ذ‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫د‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ . ‫اه‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬    ‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫اه‬
]32-33، ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬[.‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫اأ‬ 
‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬    ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬   ‫ان‬
.‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ، ‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ى‬
.Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬ ‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬
‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫د‬‫إ‬ .‫ا‬   ‫ساأ‬  ‫أ‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫دث‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام؛‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ان‬
ٍ ‫أي‬   ً ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ٍ ‫سو‬ Q
‫ض‬‫د‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫سو‬ ‫؟‬‫ر‬
 ‫ت‬‫د‬    ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫اآ‬ ، ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ،‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬    ،‫ط‬‫سر‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬
،‫ا‬
 ‫ساق‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ،ً  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫د‬ُ ‫ذي‬ 
Q
253
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ .       ،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬
‫سا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬ ،  ‫ان‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬    ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫س‬ ‫أن‬   ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ 
.‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ام‬  ‫س‬ ‫�ض‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ - ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  - 

 ‫س‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬   ،‫س‬‫إ‬ 
 ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ز‬ ‫سا‬
‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ساك‬‫إ‬   ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ ًا‬
‫اء‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬ .‫رق‬ ‫د‬    ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ر‬
،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬  ‫اء‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫و‬ .‫و‬‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫أ‬‫ر‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ذ‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬  
 ‫و‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ً ‫د‬‫س‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬   ،‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫سا‬   ،‫ر‬
،‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫اب‬  ‫آن‬ ‫ر‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ام‬‫اأ‬
،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ٌ ‫ا‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫ذ‬ 
ٍ ‫أي‬ 
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬   ،‫ا‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ 
 ‫اإ‬ ، ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫اأ‬
.‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ »‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬« ‫سر‬
 ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫س‬
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫ا‬    ‫و‬  ،ٌ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ،  ‫ ٌد‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬
‫وه‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  .‫د‬‫أ‬  ِ  ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫س‬‫أ‬

ٍ ‫ا‬
  ‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
254
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬   ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫ان‬ ‫؛‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫رق‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ... ‫د‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫و‬
‫ام‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
.‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫أن‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ون‬‫د‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫وم‬   ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫�ض‬
.‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
‫ام‬‫ز‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ام‬  ‫إن‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫رق‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬   ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سون‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫وه‬‫و‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬  ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬
ً ‫أ‬ ٍ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ٍة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اأ‬ . ‫و‬ ‫أن‬
ُ  ‫ر‬  ‫سر‬ُ  ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ ٍة‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ذ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سان‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سان‬
ٍ 
‫�س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اج‬‫ا‬
،

‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬   ‫د‬ ‫اأن‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ،‫و‬  
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬  
 ‫ة‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ،‫س‬‫ؤ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬    ،‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،‫د‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬   ‫د‬ ...‫و‬   ‫�س‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
 
.‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رت‬‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬  ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ون؟‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫وي‬
‫ام‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬

255
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ُ   ،‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫د‬  ‫أن‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫س‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬   ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ذه‬ ،‫و‬ ‫د‬‫و‬  ‫آن‬‫ر‬
 ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬  ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬    ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ة؛‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ،‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫ي‬‫و‬

 ٍ ‫سا‬ ‫ن‬  ٍ ‫و‬
 ‫ن‬
‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫اه‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ 
  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ . ‫ذ‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ .‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫وت‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬
،‫ذ‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬   ‫ان‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
    ‫ان‬
‫ ًا‬‫ا‬   ،‫م‬‫س‬ ‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬ 
.‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ، ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ 
‫ام‬‫إ‬   ،‫ى‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬     ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ذ‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،Q‫ر‬‫ا‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫اع‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫و‬  ‫س‬ . ‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬  ‫وم‬ ‫رف‬  ٌ 
‫ان‬ ،‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ء‬‫إ‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ 
‫س‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬    .‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ 
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ره‬ ‫د‬  ‫ان‬ ‫سا‬    
.Q ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬  ً  ‫د‬ ُ ‫ذي‬  Q‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
256
‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ت ا‬‫ش‬‫ء ا‬
 ‫ا‬ ، ‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ف‬‫ا‬  ‫سر‬ ‫وم‬ ‫رء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ‫؟‬‫ذ‬
، ٌ‫س‬ .‫اك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ره‬ ٍ ‫ذ‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ض‬‫د‬ُ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ،‫وت‬‫س‬ ‫�س‬ ُ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫اإن‬
، ،‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬ .‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،ً ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫�س‬   ،‫ز‬
 ‫اإ‬ ،‫وب‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ع‬‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬
‫اء‬‫أ‬    ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬
 ‫ز‬   ‫؟‬   ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ
‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�ساء‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ون‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اأ‬
 ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬  ، ‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ 
 ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ 
  ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ون‬ ، ‫ا‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬
ٍ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬  ،Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
‫ر‬  - ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬
‫د‬  ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬

‫ب‬‫و‬  ‫ء‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫اب‬‫اأ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬    ،‫�س‬
 ‫ذ‬ . ‫ام‬ ‫ذي‬    ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ، ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
 ‫ا‬   ،‫ا‬ ‫سر‬  ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ،Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ري‬ ‫س‬
‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ 
.‫و‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫و‬ ً ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ً  ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫؛‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q
‫ون‬‫ر‬ُ ،Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ان‬ 
‫ر‬‫ا‬ .
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،
‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫اأ‬



‫ن‬‫د‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬   ‫إ‬ ‫؟‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ 
257
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫ون‬    ‫ا‬‫أ‬    ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫اأ‬ ‫ذ‬‫أ‬   ‫د‬ ‫س‬
  ‫س‬‫ر‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
[09/05/1366]. ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ 
  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬   ‫ض‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ا‬
:‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ 114 ‫ام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ 95 ‫ام‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫دت‬ 
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫وه‬‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬
ٍ ‫ا‬ ،‫ره‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬  Q‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ه‬‫أ‬ .‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫�سر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬
 ‫د‬ ، ‫ ٍة‬
‫ا‬« :‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ح‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ 1(‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫د‬‫س‬
« :‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬
  ،» ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ق‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬ 
،2(»‫ا‬ ‫ ٌء‬ ‫و‬  ،ٌ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫د‬  ‫ق‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫ث‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫رف‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫اأ‬
.
 ‫ح‬‫س‬ ‫ةـ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ -  - ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ 
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ 
‫إن‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬  ً ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ،‫ان‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫اق‬ ‫ساع‬
 ‫ات‬‫ا‬  ‫س ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ - ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ُ�ساف‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬  ً ‫د‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
 ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫؛‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اق‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫د‬  ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬  ،‫ا‬‫ر‬
.3(‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬
.229 ‫ض‬ ،46 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ ن‬.‫م‬
» ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ Q‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬« :‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬  ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫اء‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫)؛‬336 ‫ض‬ ،46 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬(
)‫ا‬(.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬
1(
2(
3(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
258
   ،‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫رف‬    ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫إ‬
   ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
‫و‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬‫سا‬  .‫س‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ام‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬  
‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫و‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ،‫وم‬
 ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫إن‬« ،‫سوؤ‬ ‫اء‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ر‬
‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫اك‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ  ،»1(‫ا‬ ‫و‬

‫د‬ ‫م‬   ‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ، ‫ء‬‫س‬   ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ ٌة‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أي‬  - ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ر‬  ُ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫و‬ ،
.2(»‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬« ،‫ ًا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ، ‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ك‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬

‫ذ‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫اه‬ ‫د‬
‫و‬

‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  - ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
 ‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫دث‬‫أ‬ ،‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ض‬‫ؤ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬‫اإ‬ - 
‫وب‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬  ،  ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ة‬ 
‫د‬  :‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ُ ‫ى‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬  .‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
 :‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫سد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ٍة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫سذ‬  !‫؟‬ ‫د‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫سد‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫د‬  ،‫د‬ ‫ام‬‫اإ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ح‬  ٌ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ ٌد‬‫ا‬ ٌ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ،
ٌ ‫سد‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ا‬ .‫اء‬ ‫س‬ ٌ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ، ٌ‫ت‬‫سر‬
.288 ‫ض‬ ،46 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
.253 ‫ض‬ ،26 ‫ ج‬،‫ ن‬.‫م‬
1(
2(
259
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ر‬‫سا‬ - ُ  ‫�ض‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ز‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬
‫ان‬‫أ‬  ‫�س‬ 1(‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ده‬‫سا‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ - ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬

 ‫س‬‫و‬ ،    ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬
.2(‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬    ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ام‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ساأ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دي‬  ٍ ‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫دث‬  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ :‫و‬‫ذ‬
‫و‬ Q
ٍ
‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ « :‫و‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫آن‬  ‫ر‬
.3(» ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ُ  ‫ر‬ُ ‫أن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ٍ‫وت‬ ‫دي‬   ‫إ‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫س ٍة‬‫ر‬    ‫س‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬
،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫ ٍة‬ ‫ان‬   ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ُ ‫ا‬   ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫وط‬‫�س‬ ‫ر‬
‫ز‬‫ز‬ ،‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫و‬  
.‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬
  ‫د‬   ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ي‬‫ر‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫سو‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫وم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ساأ‬ ،ً  ‫اب‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬   ‫د‬  ً‫ا‬‫ا‬ « :‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬
‫؟‬‫أ‬  :‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫م‬  ‫ر‬    ‫اءه‬ ‫إ‬ L
‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ،  ‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ‫آن‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ :Q‫د‬  ‫ا‬
:‫ري‬‫س‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫أت‬‫د‬   ‫د‬‫س‬
‫م‬‫ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــ‬‫أ‬  ‫ــ ــو‬‫ـ ـ ـسـ ـ ـ‬ ‫ـ ـ ـ ــا‬ ‫ــ ــر‬‫ـ ـ ـ‬
‫ـ ــام‬‫ ـ ـ‬‫ ـ ـس ـ ـ‬‫ ـ ـ‬ُ ‫ــ ــ‬ ‫ـ ـ ـ‬‫ـ ـ ـ‬ ‫ـ ــ‬‫ــ ـ‬‫ــ ـ‬ ‫ـ ـ ـ ــ‬
)‫ا‬( ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬   ‫سة‬‫سا‬ :‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
.207 ‫ض‬ ،4‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
.258 ‫ض‬ ،46‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
3(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
260
‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ر‬‫إ‬   ‫ة‬‫أ‬
.»‫ا‬‫اء‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫ذ‬
‫أي‬ - ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬  ‫رك‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬(
.)R ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫أ‬
ً �  ‫أن‬  ‫رب‬ «
:‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ : ‫ا‬ ، ‫ى‬ 
ً � ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬‫ر‬  ،‫د‬ : ‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫ر‬ P ‫د‬ ‫ان‬

‫ان‬ :‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ك؟‬ ‫ا‬ :‫ر‬  ‫رب‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫رب‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬
� ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫؟‬‫د‬ : ‫و‬‫ا‬ .ً‫ا‬‫ر‬ P‫حمد‬
 ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ،P‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬
‫ذ‬‫ا‬ :‫ا‬ .R ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ :‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ 
،‫ي‬‫و‬    ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫رع‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬‫و‬ ،ً‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬
.1(»  ‫اء‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ،  ‫ء‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫سا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اق‬
ٍ ‫ى‬
‫س‬
ٍ  ‫ر‬    ‫اأ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬  .‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ذ‬  ‫�ض‬‫ا‬
،‫ح‬‫و‬ ‫�ساء‬‫أ‬    
ٍ
ٍ 

Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ .‫�ساء‬‫أ‬
،‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ 
.‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ٍة‬ 
،‫ره‬ ‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫رب‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ،2(‫سا‬  ‫�س‬ُ  ‫د‬
‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬  ‫اج‬
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ، ‫س‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬
،‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ !‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ :‫و‬ ،‫ة‬
.154‫ض‬ ،‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬
.)‫ا‬(345-343 ‫ض‬ ،97 ‫ ج‬،‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫�س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دح‬ ‫س‬ 
1(
2(
261
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫أ‬‫ر‬  ! ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ، ‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬ْ ُ  ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫س‬‫و‬ !‫ا‬‫إ‬ :  ‫أي‬ .{‫ }ﮒﮓﮔﮕﮖﮗ‬:‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ة‬‫و‬   ‫أ‬ ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫أن‬Q ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫اء‬  ‫أ‬  
‫ر‬‫ا‬

 Q‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ض‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬    ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س‬ Q
،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫اأ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رف‬ُ ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬
.‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬
‫أن‬ ‫ا‬  .
‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ً‫ا‬ « :‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ان‬ ‫و‬

 ‫رج‬  ‫و‬ - Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ - ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ 
  ،‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ة‬ ‫وم‬ )‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ( ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ده‬
 )‫ر‬‫أ‬( ‫م‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ 
)‫ر‬‫ا‬(   ‫د‬  ‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ، ‫ى‬    ،‫ا‬ ‫اب‬
‫دي؟‬  ‫دك‬ ‫ى‬ : ‫ا‬ . ‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
. ‫د‬ :‫ا‬ ‫؟‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬   : ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ :‫ا‬
 :‫ا‬
 ،‫ره‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬   ‫�س‬ ‫أه‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 
.‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬  ،ً‫ر‬  ً‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اب‬ ‫أ‬
ً  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  :‫ر‬  ‫ان‬ ‫و‬
‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ،  
‫د‬ ‫اب‬   
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫رج‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ، ً‫ا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ 

 ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ :‫و‬ ‫و‬ )‫ا‬  ‫ا‬( ‫ة‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫رت‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬  ً‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫و‬‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬ ً‫ر‬‫أ‬ ..‫و‬
 ،‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫أ‬  ،ً‫ا‬     
 ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬   ‫ى‬  ‫اء‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬  

‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
262
‫ى‬  ‫ام‬‫أ‬ � ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫و‬ .‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ُ :‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫ان‬
ً  ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫إ‬
 ‫ر‬‫ا‬ : ‫ا‬ 
   ‫د‬  ‫ام‬ ‫اب‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫إ‬
‫د‬‫ز‬
    ‫رب‬‫ا‬ ،

ً  ‫ان‬ ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬ :‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫؟‬
  
‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬  :

 ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬    ‫و‬    ،‫د‬ �
. ‫ى‬  ‫ان‬  ‫و‬ ‫اإ‬ ، ‫رف‬‫اأ‬ :‫ا‬ . 
.1(»  ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫د ل‬ :‫ا‬
‫ ٌد‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ ٌج‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫و‬ ‫ ٌج‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ت؛‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬
  - ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬‫و‬  .‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫اه‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ى‬  - ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اظ‬  ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬  
 ،‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ ٍة‬
.2(‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫سوع‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬ ‫س‬‫س‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫س‬
‫و‬   ‫ذ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬
 ،‫ام‬ ‫س‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫س‬
ٍ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫سر‬

‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬    ‫إن‬ ‫ذ‬
.)‫ا‬( 282-283 ‫ض‬ ،46 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 329-330 ‫ض‬ ،2 ‫ ج‬،‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫ة‬‫س ــا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬‫س ــر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ ــد‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ ــذي‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ل‬ ‫ ــد‬  ‫ي‬« ،Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ ــة‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س ــا‬ ‫�سـ ـ ًا‬‫أ‬  ‫ري‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ ــ‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫آ‬   ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أ‬ Q‫ر‬ ‫أ‬  ‫اي‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اي‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ساأ‬ :‫ا‬ ‫ري‬
 ‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫إ‬ ،  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ ــا‬ :‫ا‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫إ‬  ‫س ــ‬‫أ‬ ‫ ــ‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬ :‫ا‬ ‫و‬ R‫س ــ‬  ‫د‬   ‫د‬  ‫ى‬ ‫أن‬ )‫اأ‬( ‫اأ‬ ،‫رك‬  
‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫س ــ‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ :‫ا‬ ‫؟‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬    :‫ا‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إ‬  :‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س ــا‬ ‫س ــ‬  ‫وت‬
‫ل‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ز‬ ‫اإ‬ ،‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ره‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬   ‫ا‬ :‫ا‬  ً ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ز‬   ‫ى‬ ‫ ــ‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫و‬ :‫ا‬ ،‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ ــ‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫س ــا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ ــا‬
.559‫ض‬ ،2‫ ج‬،‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ .»‫ره‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سر‬
1(
2(
263
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ٌ ‫سر‬ ٌ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬‫ر‬
ٌ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫د‬  ‫و‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬
ٍ   ‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
 ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ 
    ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ء‬‫أ‬  ‫ساف‬ ‫ ًا‬   - Q
‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ .  ‫د‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫سو‬
‫ان‬ ‫إ‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫خ‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ده‬  ‫ذي‬   ‫د‬  ‫سام‬
 ‫ذ‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬ ‫أ‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬

ٌ ‫س‬
‫ى‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ،‫س‬ ً ‫د‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬
   .‫ه‬‫و‬  
 ً ‫و‬‫س‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫س‬
‫ام‬ ‫ض‬‫ؤ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اإن‬ ،
 ‫ري‬
‫اء‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬


،‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬
ٍ 
ٍ  ‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫ز‬‫س‬ ‫سوف‬
‫د‬« 
  ‫س‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫أن‬ ،
‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ون‬‫�س‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ - »1(‫خ‬ 
‫سة‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ - ً  ‫د‬   - Q
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ام‬   ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬    ‫أن‬ ‫د‬
.‫د‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬
 ‫ل‬ ‫د‬   ‫أ‬ ،‫ى‬ ‫س‬  ‫س‬  ‫س‬    -  ‫س‬ -   ‫س‬
.‫ة‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬  ،‫سو‬ ‫د‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫رج‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫س‬
1(
‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫ إ‬Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ا‬‫إح‬
‫ه‬‫�سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ث‬‫و‬ 
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ .‫وي‬‫أ‬
   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫سام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫�ض‬  - ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫وي‬‫أ‬
  ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اه‬
‫ ًا‬ ً ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ،‫ات‬‫ر‬
‫د‬ .‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�سر‬ُ‫اأ‬ .‫سام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫أ‬
 ‫ى‬   ‫سام‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ء‬‫ر‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫�سا‬
 ،‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬   ‫ان‬ ،‫وه‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ون‬‫ا‬ - ‫اء‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  - ‫ض‬ ‫�سا‬
:‫د‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ 
،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ِ ‫ ْ�س‬ُ ‫أن‬ : ‫أ‬
‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ .‫ ًا‬  ‫د‬ ،
ٍ ‫أي‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ون‬
‫ح‬‫س‬ ‫زع‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬  ٍ‫اء‬ 
‫�س‬ ‫س‬‫س‬   ،‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سر‬    ‫سر‬‫ا‬  
.‫ض‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اء‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ق‬‫و‬‫أ‬
   ‫أن‬ ‫�س‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫سوم‬‫ر‬  ‫ف‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬
‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬‫سو‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬
:‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ده‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ،‫سر‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
  ‫اإ‬ ،‫وؤ‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫رف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ض‬ ّ  ‫أي‬  ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬  ، ‫م‬‫س‬
265
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ ًا‬  
 ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ،‫سام‬   ‫سد‬ ‫د‬
‫اق‬ ‫اق‬‫س‬  ‫ن‬‫سر‬ ،‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫س‬
‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫وه‬  .‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫د‬
‫ون‬‫و‬  ‫�سون‬ ، ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ده‬  ‫د‬   ، ‫د‬  .‫س‬
.‫و‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬
 ،‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬ 
 ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
‫ل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اء‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ،‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�ض‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ،
 ‫ى‬ ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬
‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬   ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬
  ‫اأ‬ ،‫و‬
- ‫ة‬‫د‬  - ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬     ،‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
‫؟‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ون؟‬‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ !‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬« :‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬  
‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ ،
    ‫اإن‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬  ‫ا‬ ، ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
ً ‫ؤ‬ ‫و‬ ً‫ا‬
:  ‫ز‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ،
.2(»1(  ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫سا‬    ‫�س‬ ‫ذي‬  - ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ 
‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬   -  ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫د‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬  ً ‫د‬ ‫س‬     ‫أن‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬

‫و‬ ‫وب‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ا‬
ٍ
ٍ ‫وه‬  
‫سو‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫ذ‬،‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬‫ذ‬ ‫أي‬  .

 ‫ض‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬  ‫و‬ »‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬« ‫و‬
  ،‫س‬ ‫ا‬    
 ‫و‬ ‫و‬  ، ‫اع‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬
. ‫س ــ‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ . ‫ز‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫س ــ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ،‫و‬‫ا‬ 
.)‫ا‬(‫س‬ ‫اب‬
‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
ٍ
.471‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
266
‫رف‬ ‫و‬ ‫؛‬‫س‬
  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬‫اإ‬ ‫سام‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ .‫ر‬  ‫م‬‫د‬‫س‬
‫س‬
  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫وم‬ ، ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫د‬
ٍ ‫أي‬  ‫ى‬   ‫أ‬  ،‫س‬
  ‫ز‬  ‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ان‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬
 ‫و‬‫اأ‬  .‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫اق‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ 
‫ة‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ٍ‫ا‬     ‫ا‬
ٍ ‫ر‬ ‫سوع‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫سام‬
  ‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫سر‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ج‬‫ر‬‫اإ‬ ‫سام‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ .‫وي‬ ‫اب‬  ‫سام‬
،‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬   ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬
ٍ    ،‫س‬
    Q
  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬  ،‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫سون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫�سر‬ ‫ز‬‫إ‬ ،‫�سر‬ ‫د‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬
Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س‬
،  ‫س‬ ‫ن‬  ‫س‬

‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ - ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سام‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬
ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ُ ‫ذ‬ .  ‫س‬
 ‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ -  ‫و‬ ‫ن‬  ‫ر‬    ‫أن‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬    ‫دن‬    ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬  ‫و‬ ‫د‬ 
‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ .1(‫ز‬ ‫اء‬  ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫�سوب‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ا‬‫س ــ‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬   ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫دن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س ــ‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫�ض‬ 
‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫دث‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ٌ ‫س ــ‬ .306 ‫ض‬ ،46 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫م‬‫س ــ‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫س ــر‬
‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ــ‬‫د‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ ــذي‬ )‫ا‬‫و‬( :‫س ــر‬ ‫س ــ‬‫ا‬ ‫س ــ‬ ‫و‬ 
‫اء‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ُ ‫د‬ - ‫ا‬ ‫س ــ‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬    - ‫د‬ ‫س ــ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ان‬ ‫ة؛‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫س ــا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س ــ‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬
ٍ ‫أي‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ا‬    .‫ ا‬ ‫ض‬‫س ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س ــ‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ــض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ ــة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫وه‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫اط‬‫س ــ‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ــ‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ ا‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ون‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫و‬   .‫ة‬‫ ا‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ـ‬
ٍ ‫س ـ‬ ‫أي‬  ُ ‫ى‬
‫ا‬ ‫�س ــو‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ون‬‫ز‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬    ‫أ‬  ، ‫أن‬ ‫ ــد‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ ــا‬ ،‫ا‬‫سـ ـوؤ‬
‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ،‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫س ــ‬ ‫ز؟‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ ا‬ ‫زي‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س ــ‬ ‫د‬ ‫سـ ـ‬ ‫�س ــا‬  
  ‫ون‬‫ ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ ا‬‫و‬

‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�سا‬‫إ‬ ‫سة‬


‫أ‬

‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬


.)»‫ا‬‫س‬‫آ‬

‫ة‬‫ا‬«
،‫د‬
‫ر‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬
 ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫اب‬ ( .‫ذ‬


‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫سر‬  ‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س ــر‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬


‫سام‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ق‬‫س ــا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬

‫ر‬ ‫ري‬‫س‬  ‫سرع‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬‫س ــ‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫س ــاع‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫ر‬
)‫ا‬( ».‫د‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬« ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬  
1(
267
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
.‫ز‬ ‫اء‬  ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
‫ب‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ .»‫د‬« ‫و‬‫س‬
.‫ض‬ ‫وع‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ .‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ،‫د‬
‫أ‬ ‫ا‬« :‫سو‬ ‫ى‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬
‫ }ﮗﮘﮙﮚﮛ‬:‫ل‬ ‫و‬ .‫ل‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
.{ ‫ﮜ ﮝﮞﮟﮠﮡﮢ‬
‫ذه‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬« :‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ،‫ر‬ ٌ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ :‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬
‫ق‬‫و‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬   ‫ل‬ .Q ‫و‬ ‫ل‬
 ‫و‬
  ‫اإ‬ ..‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬   ‫و‬  ‫ذن‬‫ؤ‬
‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اب‬ .‫ا‬
.1(»‫ق‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
 ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ذي‬  - ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬
 ‫سا‬ ‫اف‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ات‬
ٍ
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬   ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ  ‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫ان‬‫أ‬
‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ :‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ - ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ب‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
  ‫ة‬ ‫ام‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬
.‫ة‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬
ٍ ‫ا‬ ُ  ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ ٍة‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ 
‫ا‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ،   
‫أن‬ ‫ح‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫دي‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  .‫ا‬
   ‫إ‬ ،‫ره‬‫س‬  ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫سان‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬
 ،‫ره‬‫س‬
  ‫ذي‬  ،‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬  . ‫ي‬‫ذ‬
‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬



  ‫ري‬
.{‫ }ﮗﮘﮙﮚﮛﮜﮝ‬،86 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫و‬ ‫سو‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
268
‫سا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬  ،)‫و‬( ‫رج‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ، ‫�س‬
‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫و‬ .‫ري‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ام‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬
‫س‬‫و‬  ،‫ا‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬    ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ 
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬ .‫ض‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ »‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬«
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ،‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫وب‬  ‫وي‬
‫س‬ ‫اه‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬

.‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬
Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫س‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫سرق‬ ‫س‬
‫و‬
ٍ
 ‫ا‬‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ .‫ا‬‫أ‬ 
‫ض‬‫ا‬  Q‫ر‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ :‫ة‬   ‫و‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬
، ‫اب‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ى‬ ، )‫ا‬( ‫ز‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬
‫ا‬ ،‫س‬  .‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ل‬ ‫سو‬  ‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫س‬ :‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬  .‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬ ‫م‬‫س‬  :‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬
  ،‫ ًا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬  ، ‫م‬‫س‬ :‫ا‬  ‫أ‬
‫ل‬ ‫سو‬  ‫ا‬ :‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬  .‫م‬‫س‬ 
‫ل‬ ،   ‫أ‬
   ‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬‫و‬ .‫ك‬‫د‬ ‫ل‬   ‫أ‬
، ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫�ض‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ،‫ا‬      ‫أ‬
   ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫رم‬ ‫أ‬   ‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ل‬ .  ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬
ٍ  ‫أ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك؟‬‫د‬ ‫ل‬  ، ‫و‬‫ر‬  ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬
 
 ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬  ،‫خ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬« :‫ا‬  ، ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ده‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫إ‬  ‫إ‬  :Q
‫أ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ذي‬    ‫اأ‬  ‫اه‬‫أ‬ ،Q
‫ى‬   
 ‫ى‬ P‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬  ‫إن‬ :Q
‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ا‬  ، ‫ر‬  ،‫ك‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬ ،  ،  

269
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ون‬ ،  ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫إن‬ ...‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬  ‫ان‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬  :‫سر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ .»‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬  ‫ا‬

 ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ :‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫م‬  ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫ر؟‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫ر‬  ‫س‬   ‫س‬ ‫س‬ 
 ‫ى‬ P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬  ‫ان‬‫ر‬ ‫ح‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬   
  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ،  ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫و‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ض‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬  ‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ى؟‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫س‬
Q‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬   .‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬
‫ع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ه‬‫سد‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ،‫ده‬   ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ده‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬
‫أ‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬
  « :‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫رج‬
.1(»‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ 
.361-362 ‫ض‬ ،46 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ادة‬‫ ش‬ ‫ي‬‫سيا‬ ‫ر‬
‫ك‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إن‬ :‫و‬ Q‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أ‬ 
 ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ُ ‫ا‬  ،‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ره‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫�س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬
،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫د‬  ‫ل‬   ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫اع‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫اأ‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬  :‫ز‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫اب‬ ‫م‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ده‬  ‫ساء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬
1(
.‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ :‫ا‬ Q‫ل‬ ‫د‬
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬  ‫ض‬ ‫وب‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ح‬  ‫ز‬ ،‫ات‬‫سر‬ ‫ذه‬ 
‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬    ‫سو‬ ‫دف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ،
.‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
‫س‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
،‫اء‬ ،‫و‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬   ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ .‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ح‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ، ،‫�سا‬ 
.‫د‬ ‫د‬   ً ‫ر‬   ‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ .‫أ‬
‫ى‬ ‫ك‬‫ا‬ ‫ره‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ى‬ ‫م‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬ 
‫سوف‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫اب‬‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ء‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ؤه‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬  ،
 ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،ٍ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬  ‫سون‬ 
.‫و‬  ‫وم‬ ‫سرق‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫�ض‬
‫ا‬    ،‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫وت‬  ‫ا‬‫آ‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ 
.368 ‫ض‬ ،1 ‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
271
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ده‬ 
 ‫د‬ !‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ،‫اء‬ ‫سد‬
‫ج‬‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬   ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬  Q
‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ 
 ‫ا‬« :‫ا‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  .‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ز‬
‫ى‬  ‫ر‬ .‫د‬ ‫ب‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ :‫أ‬
.»‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬
‫و‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ا‬‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
‫أن‬ ‫سى‬‫أ‬ ، )800( ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫د‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ت‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ى‬  ‫ى‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دب‬ .‫ى‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫زء‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬

‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫سد‬  ‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ .‫ر‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ 
   ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ت‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬
  . ‫س‬‫و‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬
 ،‫ى‬   ‫إ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ‫اج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬   ‫س‬‫ا‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ث‬ ‫أ‬  
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دب‬ .
‫و؟‬  ،‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫ؤ‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  Q
‫ل‬ ‫سو‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ .‫ه‬‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ب‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬
‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ان؟‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫دب‬ ‫ا‬ .‫د‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ،P
.. .. ‫وي؟‬‫أ‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ان‬  ‫؟‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ذي‬   ‫ ًا؟‬
‫س‬  .‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دب‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫سر‬
‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ف‬‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫سا‬
‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫اأ‬   ‫س‬‫و‬  ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ 
  ‫س‬ ‫ح‬  .‫س‬   ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ت‬‫ؤ‬‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬  
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
272
‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ 
‫وم‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫د‬ ‫وم‬  ‫م‬ ،‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ا‬ « ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬
]33-54، ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬[.1(»ً‫ا‬   ‫وم‬ ‫ل‬   ‫د‬
‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ره‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬  ‫و‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬

‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  .ً ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫وك‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ، ‫د‬  ‫سام‬
 ‫ا‬‫سر‬   ‫اإن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫سا‬  ‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ 
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سام‬ ‫ز‬‫اأ‬ ،Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫�ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫اآ‬
‫ى‬ ‫�ساء‬  ‫ه‬‫سا‬ ‫ذ‬   ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
 ‫سو‬ُ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ 
.‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ،Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ان‬
‫ة‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬  ،Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬
- ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫د‬‫ا‬ .‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬‫ا‬
- ‫رب‬ - ‫ان‬‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫آ‬ - ‫ا‬‫س‬  - ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬‫ر‬
 ‫ة‬ ‫سات‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ - ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬
‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،  ‫ون‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫سا‬   ‫ان‬ ‫س‬
‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ  .2( ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ ا‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬ - ‫ق‬‫ر‬  ‫س ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬    ‫د‬
‫س‬

‫ة‬ ‫ات‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ 
‫ق‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬   ‫سام‬ ‫ا‬     - ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬
Q
.)31-33 ،‫ر‬ ‫سو‬(،Q ‫سى‬ ‫ل‬    ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬  ‫ض‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬
‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ــا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫سـ ـ ٌر‬‫ؤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ ــذ‬ ،‫ج‬‫و‬ ‫ ــى‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬‫س ــ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  ‫خ‬‫ـ ـوؤ‬ ‫س ــ‬ ‫ ــد‬
)‫ا‬(.‫ا‬ً  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬   ‫�سات‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
273
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
  ‫ون‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬  - 1(‫سري‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬   ،‫سام‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬  .‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ا‬
.‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬   ‫سا‬
‫رب‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ 
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ز‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫سا‬  ،‫ض‬‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫اإن‬ .ً ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫رق‬ ،‫سا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫ؤ‬ ‫ى‬
‫اء‬‫ا‬ .‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ق‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬
 ‫اأ‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ن‬‫سر‬
‫ون‬‫د‬  ‫�سا‬

،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫سا‬ ‫و‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ً ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫وف‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬
.‫ام‬  ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬
‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫سة‬ ‫إن‬  ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫وؤ‬ 
 ‫ون‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬      ‫ن‬‫سد‬
  ‫ة‬‫س‬


‫اء‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬
 ‫ة‬

 
،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ب‬
.2(‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫اث‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬
  ‫ ٌد‬‫أ‬   :‫إ‬  ‫د‬  ‫سام‬  ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ 13  ‫وي‬‫س‬  ‫أن‬ ‫سري‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬  
 : ‫ة‬  )‫ة‬  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ذي‬( ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ !‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫اع‬ُ ‫ى‬
.)‫ة‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬(.‫ا‬‫س ــ‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬    ‫ى‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ا‬‫س ــ‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫د‬  ‫ ــا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً  ‫ان‬ ‫س ــة‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ ــ‬  ُ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫س ــ‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫ ــر‬ ‫س ــام‬ ‫ان‬
  ‫ ًا‬ ‫س ــ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ٌ ‫ ا‬‫س ــ‬  ‫ان‬ . ‫د‬‫د‬  ‫ ٌد‬‫أ‬    . ‫ر‬‫س ــ‬
.)‫ا‬( )56‫ و‬28 ‫ض‬ /‫اء‬ ‫اء‬   220‫ض‬/5‫ ج‬/ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ (.‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬
‫ان‬ ،‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ اج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫سري‬ ‫س‬ :ً ‫س‬
 ‫ ًا‬‫د‬ ‫زم‬‫س‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫آ‬  
‫ى‬ ‫د‬   ‫اإ‬   ‫سـ ـ‬ ‫ل‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫وه‬‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ ــ‬‫أ‬ :‫و‬   ‫ ــى‬ ‫ ــض‬‫ر‬
 ‫ات‬( !‫ا‬ ‫ ــر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬  ‫ى‬  ‫ر‬‫س ــ‬‫ا‬  ‫ز‬ ‫ ًء‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ ،‫و‬‫س ــ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ ــ‬ 
)‫ا‬(.)23‫ض‬/‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ً  119 ‫ض‬/1‫ج‬/‫د‬‫س‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
274
‫سد‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬
‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫سات‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ 
.‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬    ‫و‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ء‬‫ا‬ ‫وف‬ ‫ز‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سا‬
 ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ 
 ،‫ ًا‬  .‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ،‫سا‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫وم‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رف‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ان‬
‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫س‬
‫ر‬ : ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ٌ  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫سا‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ 
:‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ٌ   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫؛‬‫ا‬ ‫دي‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬  ،‫س‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 
،‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫ره‬‫س‬  ‫د‬  ،‫ى‬‫أ‬
‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬    - ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬
‫آن‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫د‬  ،‫ام‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫؛‬‫ا‬
   ‫ا‬
،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ساع‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  
‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ ٍآن‬  . ‫ذ‬  ً ‫سوؤ‬ ‫س‬
‫د‬‫و‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫سا‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫أن‬ ٌ ‫س‬ ‫ا؟‬ ‫م‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬‫ا‬

‫؛‬‫سد‬    ‫أ‬ ،‫ره‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬    ‫وي‬‫أ‬ ‫سام‬  ‫ ٌء‬‫س‬
‫د‬ ‫ع‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  - ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ري‬  
.3(‫ر‬
‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ى‬  ‫د‬  ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫؛‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬

‫وك‬‫س ــ‬ ‫ى‬    ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ ــ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ ــر‬ ‫د‬ ‫اأ‬‫ا‬ ‫ ــر‬‫د‬ ‫ ــة‬ ‫ ــذه‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ ــ‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫س ــ‬ ‫س ــ‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ه‬‫و‬ 
ً ‫ا‬ ‫س ــ‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ - ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ــذ‬ ‫ر‬  .‫ا‬  ‫ ــ‬ ‫ض‬‫ ــا‬‫س‬ ٌ   ‫ان‬ ‫ ــاء‬‫ز‬
‫ذ‬  ‫ ٌج‬‫و‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ام‬   - ‫س ــ‬ ‫م‬‫س ــ‬‫إ‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س ــ‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫سـ ـ‬ُ ‫ات‬‫س ــو‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫�سـ ـ‬  ‫اء‬‫و‬ ‫اء‬‫ز‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ء‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫س ــا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ــ‬‫س‬
‫س ــ‬‫ا‬   ‫ر‬‫ا‬ - ‫ ــة‬ ‫د‬ ‫سـ ـ ًة‬‫ا‬
 - ‫ده‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ ــد‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ ــة‬ ‫ ــون‬ ‫ ــو‬‫ا‬ ‫ ــ‬‫ذ‬
‫ام‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ــا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س ــ‬‫و‬ ‫رت‬‫أ‬   ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ . ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ ــ‬  ‫ ــ‬‫ر‬
)‫ا‬( .‫س‬
ٍ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬
3(
275
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫اء‬ ،‫سر‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ره‬  ‫سام‬  ‫؛‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬  ‫اإ‬ ،‫ذ‬

. ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬  ،‫رف‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ 
‫ي‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سر‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫اأت‬  ‫د‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ 
‫د‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ث‬ ‫و‬ ‫؛‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ ٌر‬ ‫رب‬
ٌ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ذي‬  ،‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اأت‬  ،‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ ٍء‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ة؛‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ 
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ً ‫ا‬ ‫وق‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫رف‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫�س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
   ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬    ‫ام‬ ‫رك‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬
،‫ا‬‫أ‬    ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت‬‫س‬‫�ساء‬‫أ‬ ‫�س‬
‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬

.‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  ٌ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ى‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬  ‫س‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫اك‬
‫ر‬ ‫�س‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ك‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫دم‬  ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫�سا‬  ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ى‬ .‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬
‫ى‬   ‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫دء‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬
 ‫ذ‬   ‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫س‬‫و‬
‫رف‬ ‫�سون‬
 ‫ض‬‫أ‬
‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ات؛‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ن‬‫اأ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬ 
‫�سة‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫�سات‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬
‫سوف‬  ‫ذ‬ .‫�سة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬
‫س‬ - ‫ض‬‫ا‬   - ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬

.‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫سرح‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬  ‫س‬‫ر‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
276
 ‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ساع‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬
ّ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ،
‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫أ‬ 
‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬ 
‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬( ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫و‬ ‫؛‬ ‫س‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫و‬
 ‫سوف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬   ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫ذي‬ )Q
‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ .‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬

‫رع‬‫ر‬  ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ،Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫سر‬
.‫ذه‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ 
‫ون‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬  Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ٌ  ‫ساأ‬ :‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ « :‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ،‫ده‬ 
]54-61.‫ض‬ ، ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬[.1(»‫ح ّمد‬
Q
.131 ‫ض‬ ،47 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
‫صر‬‫ا‬ ‫ف�ص‬
‫دق‬‫م ا‬‫ا‬
Q
ّ ‫ذي‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬‫غ‬ ❊
.Q ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ 
.‫ة‬‫ا‬‫لإ‬ Q ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ❊
Q ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ❊
.‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫لت‬‫س‬ ❊
ّ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬
Q‫ادق‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ف حياة‬
‫ض‬‫ر‬   ً ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫وؤ‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ 
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬  ‫؛‬Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫سا‬   ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫س ًة‬‫ا‬

‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ض‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬
ٍ  ‫ة‬‫سو‬‫و‬
‫ات‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ُ   ،‫ر‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬
ٍ 
‫د‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫ا‬   ‫ض‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬
‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ق‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ٍ ‫سو‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬  ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ .‫ا‬    ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫سو‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬
 ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬   ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ،‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬
‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ذ‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬
‫ذ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬      .‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ان‬ 
‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫س ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬
.‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬   ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ا‬
‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ان‬
‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ .‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬
ٍ ‫أي‬ ‫س‬ 
‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫سوف‬  ‫اإ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ساك‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬  
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
280
‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫رف‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬  .‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ري‬ ‫س‬ 
‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ت‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫سو‬

.‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  
 
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫سا‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫رف‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫دي‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬    ‫سر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬
.‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  
.‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اب‬ُ ‫ض‬‫سا‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫س‬
   
‫ا‬‫ساأ‬ ُ  ،‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬
  ‫ث؛‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫اأن‬ ‫س‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫اإن‬ ،‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫خ‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ .
 ‫أ‬  ‫س‬   ‫دي‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سا‬

‫ون‬‫س‬ ،‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ذ‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سو‬ 
 ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬

.‫اك‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬  
 ‫إن‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫آن‬ ‫دع‬
‫ات‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ُ   ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬
‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ُ     ،‫ة‬ ‫سات‬‫د‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫اإن‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ Q
‫و‬  ،‫ري‬ ‫سا‬ ‫رن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ 
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬   ‫أ‬ ُ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
 ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ر‬ 
  ‫و‬ُ  .‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ 
‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬  ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬   ‫أن‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫سر‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ ٍخ‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫أي‬ 
281
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫أي‬ ‫أ‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬
‫ات‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬   ،‫ر‬‫آ‬
‫رف‬   ‫ا‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ .Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ات‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬  ‫ى‬
‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬  
‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫وط‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫د‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬
]65-68‫ض‬ ، ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬[.‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫سو‬
‫ات‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬  Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ساع‬‫أ‬ ‫اإن‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫رت‬   ‫ة‬ 
    ‫أ‬ . ‫آ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫رت‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬
،‫سر‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   L‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ان‬ 
‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ،ً  ‫ا‬ُ ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬   ‫سر‬‫أ‬ 

‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬    ‫سوف‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫سر‬    ،‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫ى‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬   ،‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫أ‬ ‫و‬   ‫سر‬‫أ‬  ‫ا؛‬‫ر‬
‫د‬‫و‬  ‫وم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫آن‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬   ‫ا‬‫س‬  ،‫ا‬‫ذ‬
Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ 
ٌ ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫ا‬ . ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬  ‫أن‬  Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬
  - ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫و‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ  ‫د‬  ‫وم‬    ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ري‬
‫سان‬‫ر‬  ‫ض‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫اأ‬ - ‫ا‬

‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬   ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫رب‬ ‫سر‬
‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬    ‫�سر‬ ‫ة؛‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬ ،Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
Q
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
282
‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫سام‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ،‫ا‬‫إ‬ P
‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ذ‬ .‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫و‬  ‫ساأ‬ُ  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ره‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ري‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫د‬  ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ض‬ ‫ام‬ ٌ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬  ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ .‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
‫سر‬ 
 ‫ ًا‬‫س‬
 ‫اإن‬ .) ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬( ‫سر‬ 
 ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫س ًا‬‫ا‬
‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫د‬  ‫آ‬  ‫�سو‬ ‫ذ‬     ،‫ا‬
‫د‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬

  ‫ات‬‫ر‬  .‫د‬  ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬
ٍ   -  ‫أم‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ ٌء‬‫سو‬ ‫اه‬‫ر‬    ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬
،‫و‬   ،‫سر‬ 
 ‫�سر‬  ‫سو‬   ،‫د‬  
‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬  ‫آ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سو‬ 
‫ان‬ .ٌ ‫س‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫سوف‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫اإ‬ ،‫د‬ 
.‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫د‬  ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  
.‫ة‬‫ا‬    ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬
‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬  .‫ت‬‫س‬  
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬    ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
‫أن‬  ‫ا‬   Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫د‬ ‫ده؛‬    ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫س‬‫ر‬    ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫ا‬ُ
‫أ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬    ‫رن‬
ٍ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬
ً    ،‫ره‬  ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ا‬
ً ‫و‬‫س‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ه‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ساك‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫اق؛‬ ‫س‬
ٍ
ٍ ‫ا‬
283
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ان‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫�ساء‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬  
‫ا‬    Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬
. ‫د‬
 ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬   ‫س‬ُ  ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫ت‬‫س‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .‫ت‬‫س‬ 
‫اء‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اع‬‫أ‬   ‫وؤ‬  ،‫ة‬
‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫أ‬  ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬   ‫أن‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ت؟‬‫س‬ 
‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اق‬‫آ‬   ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ءه‬ ‫اإن‬
‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫وق‬   ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬  .‫وه‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ 
‫ءه‬ ‫أن‬   .
 ‫آ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫دن‬   ‫د‬‫و‬  
‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬  .‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫د‬
 ‫ة‬‫ر‬ Q


‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ك‬ .‫وب‬‫و‬   ‫د‬
‫ا‬

‫ام‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬ ‫اب‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ 

‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ره‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬    ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬
   ،‫ا‬‫�سا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬
،‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  Q ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .‫ذه‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ً  ‫ان‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬
ً ‫د‬   ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ 
‫د‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٌء‬
ٍ ‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ه‬‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
284
 ‫و‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ز‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬
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.‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اأن‬   ٌ ‫و‬‫أ‬ - ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫خ‬ ‫وؤ‬ - ‫ري‬
 ُ ‫د‬

‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬
‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ،‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  Q‫ق‬‫سا‬
 ُ   ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ام‬  ‫أن‬  ‫س‬ .‫ان‬
‫؛‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬   ‫س‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ . ‫اء‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
- ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ذه‬   ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬
‫سرق‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬  ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫اءت‬  
‫ان‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬  ،‫ان‬‫ز‬  ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬  ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
‫رت‬
 ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬‫ر‬
ٌ
 ‫اإ‬ .‫ا‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬
 ‫ ًا‬‫س‬  ‫إ‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ا‬‫ر‬
  ‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ ًة‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫سر‬  ‫اأ‬ ،   ‫ذ‬
‫س‬
‫ة‬‫سر‬  ‫ر‬ 
ٍ
 ‫ذ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬
‫ض‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬


‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫س‬
 ،‫سو‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬
 ،‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ٌ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬  
‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫سو‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫وع‬  ‫ان‬ ‫د‬‫س‬
‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ،
 ‫اء‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬
‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫س‬ ‫س‬‫س‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ض؛‬‫ا‬  ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
.‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬   
 ‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ،
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬
 
285
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫و‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬    ،‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ 

‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ‫ؤه‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ 
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .
 
‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ًة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ .  ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
 ‫أ‬ ،‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ل‬ ‫د‬  
 ،‫س‬‫ا‬  
 ‫اء‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫د‬  ،‫ة‬   ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ؤه‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  
 ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
.
 ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬ Q ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ 
 ‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q
  Q
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ P
   ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ل‬ ‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  - ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  - ‫ة‬ 
.‫ؤه‬‫ا‬ ً ‫إ‬  ،‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  - ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ًة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ك‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ 
‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬« :‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬   ،‫ر‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬
 ‫و‬ ،»‫ا‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ده‬   « ،»‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫إن‬ 
،‫س‬  
 ‫ده‬  ‫س‬  ‫س‬ ‫ده‬  ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬
  ‫د‬  ‫ده‬ 
ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫رف‬  .‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ده‬  ،
‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫م‬‫ا‬   .‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  

  ‫ذ‬  ‫وم‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫سة؛‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫إ‬
ٍ 
‫ان‬  ،‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫آ‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫أن‬  ‫س‬ ،‫ان‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ري‬
.‫ة‬ ‫أ‬    ،
 ‫آ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫سان‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ 

‫سر‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫ون‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا ًء‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫د‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  - ‫ض‬‫ا‬  
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬   ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬  ،‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬
‫ا‬  

‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
286
 ‫ك‬‫ذ‬ .‫ت‬‫و‬   ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ا‬‫سد‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬

‫د‬‫س‬ُ ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫سو‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫س‬
ّ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫ى‬ ‫ا‬  .  ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬
‫د‬
ٍ ‫رف‬
ٍ
ٍ ‫سد‬‫ا‬
ٍ 
‫ذ‬  ‫ون‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬  ‫أ‬   .‫ ًا‬ ً ‫ذ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬
‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬
 ‫أ‬  ‫و‬
ٍ
‫ان‬  ‫أن‬ - ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫اء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ - ‫ا‬  
،‫ذه‬   ‫آ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،
 ‫آ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
]14/06/1359[.‫ون‬‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ 
‫ام‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  .‫ـ‬135 ‫أ‬ 132 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ـ‬ 114
 .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ُ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫سو‬
R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ً ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ع‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬
Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬   .‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫سر‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  
‫د‬  .Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ 
‫د‬  ‫سام‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬  ، ‫سام‬ ‫ان‬   ‫ذي‬  - 
 ،Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬  - 
‫ب‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ف‬ ‫ده‬  
 Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ،Q‫ده‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
.‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬
‫أت‬‫د‬ ‫ساع‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ،‫ة‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫سو‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ .Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سا‬ ‫سا‬
287
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
،Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رت‬    ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫�سر‬‫أ‬ُ Q ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬‫�س‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬  ‫سا‬ 
‫ة‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬  ُ 
‫ل‬  :‫ر‬   ‫ا‬  ،‫�س‬ ‫سا‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ ْأن‬« : ً ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬   ‫ر‬  ،1(‫أ‬  ‫إن‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫رق‬
ٍ ُ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،»‫ه‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رِق‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬    ،‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬   ‫أ‬   ‫د‬‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  .2(»‫ر‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬« :‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫�سر‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬
.Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬
.‫سو‬ ‫�سوع‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ات‬ ‫اك‬
‫ذه‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫إن‬ ‫د‬‫اأ‬‫ا‬

‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ .‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫أي‬    ‫ات‬‫ر‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫س‬ ‫وع‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫س‬  
‫ر‬ُ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫سذ‬  ‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬   .‫سو‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ !‫؟‬   ‫س‬ ‫اأ‬ ،R ‫أ‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ 
‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫سو‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ُ ‫ان‬
‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫دم‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬
‫؛‬‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫د‬  ‫دم‬  .‫سو‬ ‫ا‬
‫د‬ ‫سو‬ ‫آ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ،ً ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬   ‫و‬
.163‫ض‬ ،1 ‫ ج‬،‫س‬‫ر‬ ،‫اج‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اج‬
‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رق‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬  ‫و‬ ‫د‬  ‫س ــ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س ــو‬  « ،473 ‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
 ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫رج‬ ،‫ز‬‫د‬ ‫اب‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذت‬‫اأ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ ــد‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ ــا‬ ‫ ــى‬‫اأ‬ ‫ه‬
‫س ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬
.‫ل‬  ‫ر‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ :‫و‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
288
  ‫سو‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ده‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ .‫و‬
‫ة‬  ً  ‫سو‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ده‬
 ‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬  ‫�س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫؛‬‫سو‬  ‫دي‬
‫س‬‫ا‬

‫ء‬ ‫أي‬    .‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ر‬  .‫ان‬ ‫ذب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ُ ‫ا‬ .R ‫أ‬
 ‫ذ‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬ ‫س‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ 
  ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬
‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫�سوع‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ام‬‫إ‬
Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ى‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
]28/04/1365[.‫ هـ‬148 ‫ام‬  
 ،‫ا‬‫د‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
 ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
: ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬
.‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬  ‫ ـ‬1
 R ‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬  ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ ـ‬2
.P‫ل‬ ‫سو‬
]67‫ض‬ ، ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬[.‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ - ‫و‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ري‬ ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ ـ‬3
Q
‫لمام‬ Q‫ادق‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وة‬‫د‬
‫و‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫س‬   ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ‫؛‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫آن‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سوع‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ره‬ ،Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ات‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ 
Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سان‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ُ   ‫ر‬
‫سوح‬‫و‬
ٍ
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫سر‬
‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ،  ‫سوف‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫سر‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬  ‫أن‬    ،‫ا‬  ‫ ٍة‬‫ر‬ 
ّ ‫سا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫رف‬  ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ 
‫ة؛‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ 

‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ُ ‫إ‬ ‫إ‬    ‫أن‬    ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ 
‫ ٍة‬‫سر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اح؛‬ ‫�سا‬  ‫ا‬
‫ون‬ ‫؛‬‫ا‬‫أ‬    ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫ ٍة؛‬‫س‬
‫د‬
ٍ  ‫د‬ ‫ون‬ ،‫ا‬ ّ‫د‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ُ‫أ‬ ‫د‬
‫ه‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫؛‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬
ٍ
‫أي‬ ‫س‬ ‫رح‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ن‬‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬‫ر‬ 
.‫ءه‬ ‫ر‬  ً ‫و‬  ً  ‫ون‬‫س‬   ‫د‬‫ا‬
ٍ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬
  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬    ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬   ‫؛‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫اأن‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬‫د‬ 
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫رح‬ ‫ة‬  ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫وه‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
290
‫ات‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ذ‬  .‫ا‬      ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬
‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ام‬    ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ذ‬  ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫و‬
‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫و‬  .‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬
  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ،‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ 
‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ،‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫آن‬ .P‫د‬  
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫و‬
:Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬
‫م‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫اب‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ري‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬
 - ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫وم‬ - ‫ة‬
 ‫ي‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬  .‫ ًا‬ ً ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬  
،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬  ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬    ‫ر‬ ٌ ‫د‬
‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬   ‫ا‬    ‫ون‬    ‫أن‬  
ٍ ‫د‬ ‫ ٍة‬   .‫س‬‫و‬
‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫أ‬ 

‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬‫اأ‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ 
، ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ .‫ان‬‫ز‬   ً ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ :‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ .‫ ًة‬‫سا‬  
‫رق‬ ‫أن‬  ٍ‫ء‬‫د‬ ، ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سى‬‫اأ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫ث‬ ‫ءه‬‫د‬
.‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬     ‫اع‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ى‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫ث‬  ‫ر‬  ،‫ات‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬   ‫ده‬
‫ذه‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ءه‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .‫ر‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫م‬ ‫ر‬ 
،‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ‫ان‬  ،‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ‫إن‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬« :‫ت‬‫ا‬
.1(»...   ،
  ‫د‬    ،  
   ،   ،  
.58 ‫ض‬ ،47 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
291
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬ ،‫ا‬
‫اح‬‫س‬
 ‫أ‬  ،‫ر‬‫آ‬

ٌ‫د‬
،‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫وم‬ « :‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ .1(»...‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
،‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫دي‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ‫ض‬

‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫سو‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ون‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬
 ُ  ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ،‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دي‬‫أ‬ 
‫د‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ز‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫ا‬ 
ٍ
.‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫رف‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ - ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬   ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬    - ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬   ‫أ‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ُ ‫أن‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬
‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬

ٍ
‫ذ‬  .‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ث‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫ون‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
  ‫رح‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ .Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫سا‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬
ٍ ‫ا‬    ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ 
 ،‫د‬‫سو‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬  .2(‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ده‬ 
‫ا‬  ‫ون‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫د‬   ‫ذ‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ة‬
 ‫اب‬ ‫ب‬‫و‬‫أ‬
‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ى‬ ،‫و‬‫أ‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
.546 ‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
.186 ‫ض‬ ،1 ‫ ج‬،‫ن‬.‫م‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
292
‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫سو‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬    Q‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫اك‬   ‫و‬  ‫أ‬  ‫وت‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫د‬‫سو‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ ً ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  .‫سوع‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ض‬‫د‬   ‫اإن‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ ٌد‬ ٌ‫د‬
‫ات‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ :‫س‬  ‫ساء‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
،‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫اف‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬‫أ‬    ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫سر‬
‫ذه‬  ‫؟‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ن‬‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫اإ‬ ‫ون‬  ‫ذ‬ 
‫د‬‫سا‬ُ   ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬   ً ‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ة؟‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ر‬   ‫سوح‬‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬‫أ‬   ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫وق‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة؟‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ة؟‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬

ّ ‫آ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬    ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫سرف‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫س‬ ‫سر‬
‫د‬   ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ة؟‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
  ‫دت‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ٍ ‫ة‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫؟‬Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫سر‬
  ‫ء‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دث‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫سد‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ء؟‬‫وؤ‬
‫ة؟‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ق‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ُ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫و‬ 
‫ب‬ ‫أ‬  
 ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ام‬
ُ  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫وه‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬
  ،
‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  
ّ ‫آ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ 
  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫وي‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
293
‫د‬ ‫س‬    ،‫د‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬
،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،‫و‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫و‬ ‫ج؟‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫سان‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫رك‬  ‫ى‬ ‫م‬‫د‬
‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ات‬‫إ‬  ً ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ح‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬
!‫ة؟‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ساأ‬ُ ‫أن‬  
  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬‫ا‬
 ُ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ ٌر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
   ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫سا‬‫ا‬ - ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫ب‬‫و‬ ‫ا؟‬‫ا‬‫و‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬
  ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫دم‬ ‫س‬  ً  ‫أ‬
‫ر‬
‫أي‬  ‫و‬  ‫ذي‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ُ  ‫ة‬  ‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ Q
ٍ
 ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫؛‬Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫و‬ ً ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫سا‬ ‫سا‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬  ‫و‬ .‫د‬ 
‫ا‬ ،‫سد‬  ‫س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫سا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬
ٍ  ‫أي‬  ‫رف‬
] 74-80‫ض‬ ، ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬[.‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫أن‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ة‬   ‫دث‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬
 ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫ة‬    ‫و‬   ، .‫ا‬ ‫وف‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬  ٍ‫اء‬
‫دم‬‫س‬ُ  ‫إ‬ ‫ض؟‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ُ ‫اأ‬ 1(»‫وؤ‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ « .‫وف‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬
،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫ون‬ ‫ة‬ ،ً ‫إ‬ .‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ 
.‫ر‬ ‫دق‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ 
‫ى‬‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬.‫ان‬‫ز‬‫ذ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ان‬‫د‬
Q
.394 ‫ض‬ ،72 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
294
‫ ٍة‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬   ،‫ض‬‫و‬  ‫د‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ 
، ‫�سرب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫س‬  ً ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫اك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ك‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ . ‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ 
‫ن‬‫د‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ة‬ 
،‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫وت‬   ‫د‬ ‫أ‬  ً ‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫سو‬
‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫�سر‬ ‫ان‬ ، ‫ذ‬ .‫ام‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ا‬  ، ‫ا ًء‬ .‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ز‬  ‫اإ‬ ‫ر‬ُ
.‫ض‬‫ر‬    ‫ض‬‫ر‬
ٌ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ري‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬
]09/11/1368[.‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫آن‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
Q ‫ادق‬ ‫ما‬  ‫ي‬‫سيا‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬
 ‫د‬ ُ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫؛‬Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ه‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ًة‬‫س‬
ٍ ‫ه‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ 
 ‫ ًة‬‫سر‬ ً ‫ز‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬
،‫ري‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ف‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬
 ‫أ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ساط‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬
‫اإن‬ ، ‫ر‬ ‫�ض‬
‫ة‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬ 
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ ًا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  .‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ 
‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫وم‬ ‫و‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ا‬ ‫آن‬ ‫وم‬  ،
   ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬   ،‫ة‬‫د‬ 
   ،‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ض‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬
 ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ ًة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ً ‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫د‬
‫و‬ 
،

 ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫؛‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ ٌد‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫ض‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ة؛‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ 
‫و‬‫أ‬   ،‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
ٌ ‫ا‬

.‫د‬
‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ُ  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬

‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫د‬- ‫ام‬   ‫اء‬  ‫وم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ون‬  ) ‫ام‬  ‫أي‬( ،‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬ -‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ً ‫د‬  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
296
‫سر‬‫اء‬‫اق‬‫إ‬
‫ر‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫ض‬‫ذ‬

‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬   ، ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫اأ‬ ‫د‬ 
.‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬
، ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫سر‬   ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
‫�س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ 
‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ذي‬  - ‫ا‬ ‫اط‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬   ،‫سا‬
 ‫ل‬  ‫ون‬‫د‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ - ‫ره‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ء‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬
‫ق‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ى‬ ً ‫سر‬‫ؤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫أي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫د‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ - ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬  ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ -  ‫أ‬ ‫ري‬ ‫رن‬
‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ات‬‫د‬ ‫وي‬‫أ‬
  ‫سر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫اء؛‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
  - ‫آ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫سد‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫اء‬  ‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫د‬‫س‬‫ا‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬
 ‫ء‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬
.‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬   ‫ا‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬ .‫سان‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬    ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫أي‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫سر‬
‫ده‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ 

.‫ا‬ ‫إ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 
 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫اإن‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
 ‫ز‬‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  :‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ات‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬
‫سا‬ ‫ ًء‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ت‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سة؛‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬
ٍ  ‫اء‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫رف‬  ،‫ز‬‫أ‬ 
297
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ام‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ز‬‫أ‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫و‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ 
 .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬

 ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وم‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ا؛‬‫و‬ ‫و‬    ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
.‫س‬‫ر‬
‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬

‫ر‬    ‫ري‬  ‫أن‬  ‫أن‬ ‫سوح‬‫و‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ان‬  ‫س‬‫ر‬  ‫ان‬‫ز‬  ‫اء‬   ‫س‬ 
‫ف‬
ّ
ٍ
ّ ‫دي‬‫ا‬
‫و‬‫�س‬  ‫و‬ ‫ض‬  ‫ف‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬  ،Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫د‬
‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫دم‬ ‫ات‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬
   ‫أ‬ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬

‫دم‬  ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬  ‫زه‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ة؛‬ ‫ام‬ ‫دي‬ ‫س‬  ‫س‬
‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬  
‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ . ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ 

‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬  ‫ساط‬ ‫سره‬ ،‫ق‬‫سا‬
ٍ
‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫د‬  ‫و‬  ‫ون‬ ،‫ط‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ا‬
ٍ
 ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ Q‫و‬ .‫ا‬ 
‫ة‬‫ذ‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬  
‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬
.‫د‬
‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ 

‫ساط‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫ ٌة‬‫س‬ ‫ ٌة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ٌد‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫د‬‫و‬  Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ 



‫سو‬ ‫س ًا‬‫سو‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ان‬   ‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫�سى‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ ٍة‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ 
 ‫ان‬  ‫اإ‬ ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫ة‬  ، ‫ى‬
‫ ًا‬
‫اء‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ان‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ى‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
298
.‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫سوؤ‬
‫ات‬‫سا‬ ‫اه‬ ‫سو‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫وط‬‫�س‬ ‫ت‬‫د‬‫د‬ ‫إن‬
‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫د‬   ُ  ‫رت‬ُ ‫د‬ ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ 
‫ه‬‫سر‬‫إ‬ ‫ده‬‫اأ‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫؛‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ذ‬  ‫ساأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ر‬   ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬
   - ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ون‬‫�س‬  ‫س‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ٌ
‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اه‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬  .‫اج‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬
 ‫اء‬   ‫أن‬« ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫سوح‬‫و‬
‫د‬‫سا‬ُ ‫ر‬ 
ٍ
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ‫؛‬‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬‫ا‬      ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ،»

‫س‬‫د‬  ً ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫ر‬
‫ون‬‫�س‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫سر‬ ‫رح‬ ‫ان‬

.‫آن‬‫ر‬ 
 ‫ون‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫و ٌم‬ « : ‫د‬
 ُ 
ٍ
‫ا‬ ‫ام‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ،1(»‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ُ 
،‫ل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ؤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬
 ‫ا‬‫اأ‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ذ‬ 
‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫ز‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫؛‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬ 
ٌ   ‫د‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬

.2(‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ 
‫أي‬ ،‫ي‬‫و‬
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬   ‫وم‬ ‫ذ‬

‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫�سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬
.186 ‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ة؛‬ ‫اظ‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬‫د‬   ‫ون‬‫�س‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬
 ُ  ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ..‫و‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س ــ‬ ،‫ة‬‫�س ــ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ 
‫س ــو‬  91 -102 ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س ــو‬  167 ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ُر‬ .‫ب‬‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫س ــ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ــا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ ــد‬‫أ‬
.‫ساء‬ ‫سو‬  97 ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫اأ‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬  31-33 ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬
1(
2(
299
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سوح‬‫و‬
‫د‬‫و‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬
ٍ
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ده‬   ‫سى‬‫و‬  
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ ٍة‬  .‫ده‬ Q
‫وت‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  »‫ح‬«
  ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫سا‬ ،Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ 
‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫وت‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ح‬« :‫سا‬ ‫سر‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ 
 . )‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ( ‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ان‬  ،‫ر‬‫إ‬ 
‫زي‬‫ر‬
‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ .» ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ان‬

ً ‫ز‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ون‬‫أ‬« :‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫ساأ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫وم‬

‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ . :ً ‫ا‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ 1(‫»؟‬
.  ‫ح‬‫س‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ون‬  ‫ون‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سرط‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ ٍة‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬
‫ر‬ ‫د‬   ‫ح‬‫سر‬ ‫سر‬    ‫اإ‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ  ‫آن؛‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬
ٍ
ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ،‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬   ‫د‬ 
.‫ط‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سر‬
‫د‬  ‫اء‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬

  ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ذ‬
‫و‬ .‫ام‬ ٍ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ده‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫د‬‫د‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
.‫ة‬‫و‬ 
 ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬    ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬  ‫اإن‬   ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫اع‬‫أ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬
 ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ، ‫آ‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬
‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ع‬
‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬
‫د‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫س‬

 ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬ ‫م‬
)‫ا‬(.‫و‬ ‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫اب‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬
ٍ  ً ‫ز‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫ذ‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
300
‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫سو‬  ،‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬   .‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ض‬‫و‬  ،‫د‬ ،‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ،Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫؛‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ، ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬

- ‫ف‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬
‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ - ‫ر‬  ‫�س‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬

‫س‬   ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ج‬‫ز‬ ‫اب‬  ‫ ٌة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬    ‫أن‬
] 88-95، ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬[.1( ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬
Q
.238 ‫ض‬ ،4 ‫ ج‬،‫سوب‬‫آ‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ،‫ا‬
1(
‫ي‬‫سيا‬ ‫وجي‬‫و‬ ‫سر‬
‫ي‬

‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫د‬
 - Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫س ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬

‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫وؤ‬ ٍ ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫إ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ 
  .‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬    ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
، ،‫ز‬  ‫ات‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬    ،‫ا‬ ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ،‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ 
‫س ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬
ٍ ‫أي‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ 
.‫ا‬‫أ‬    ‫سر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ذ‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ُ
 ،‫ان‬    ‫سر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬ 
 ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬   ‫ان‬  ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬
‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫سام‬   ‫ان‬ 
‫ساأن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫س‬ ‫زب‬ ‫وي‬
‫زب‬ .Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬

‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ، ‫س‬ ‫ض‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫رف‬ُ    ‫سو‬  ‫ذ‬ . ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ؤ‬‫أ‬   ‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫إ‬ ‫ق؛‬‫سا‬
‫اء‬‫أ‬    Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫د‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫زب‬
‫ة‬ ‫ة‬
ٌ
]14/06/1359[.‫و‬  ‫اط‬  ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬   ‫ا‬    ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
302
،‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ة‬ 
‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫وه‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  .‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫س ًا‬‫سو‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫سوع‬‫و‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫زء‬
‫سو‬ ‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
.‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫س ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ض‬  ،‫سة‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬
 ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
    ،‫ة‬
‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫رف‬ ‫أن‬  ‫و‬   .‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫ ًة‬‫سر‬   ‫و‬ ‫أن‬
 ‫ة؛‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬
 ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫و‬ . ‫ف‬‫ر‬   ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
 ‫و ٌم‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ساأ‬ ،‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬  ‫د‬ 
‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬   ‫ا‬   ،‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬
،‫ا‬ .‫د‬ ‫ري‬ ‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫سا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬
 ‫و‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬   ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬
  
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫س‬  .
ٍ ‫ن‬  ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬
ٍ ‫ ٍة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ك‬‫د‬
ٍ 
  ‫إن‬ ،‫ ًة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬   ‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫سو‬ ‫ر‬
‫و‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬
ٍ     ‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ،‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬   ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
  ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫سوف‬ ،‫س‬
]96-97‫ض‬ ، ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬[.‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬  
Q
‫ه‬‫ة ودو‬ّ‫ر‬‫ت ا‬‫ش‬‫ة ا‬‫ه‬
‫زب‬ ‫سو‬    ‫أ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ت؟‬‫س‬  ‫سو‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬



‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫وم‬ ‫وم‬ 
303
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ت‬‫س‬ .‫ذ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬   - ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
‫د‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬
‫اط‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ات‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬ ،‫رك‬‫س‬ ‫دف‬
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ٍ
‫سات‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫وع‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ،‫ا‬ 
ٍ
ٍ ‫�ض‬‫ا‬ 
.‫ة‬‫اآ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬
‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬   ‫أي‬ - Q
    ‫ذ‬
‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬ - ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫سة‬ ‫دت‬    ،‫ة‬
‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬    ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،‫و‬‫ا‬
 
 ‫أي‬ - ‫ ًة‬‫�س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬
‫د‬ ،Q
 ‫سو‬  - Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫ة‬ 
 ‫سر‬ ‫ض‬
‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ا‬ .Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬
،‫أ‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وت‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬
‫أ‬ ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫�س‬    ‫؛‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫سا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬

‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫؛‬Q
 ‫اع‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫س‬
‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  ‫د‬ ُ  .
‫ري‬
‫و‬

 ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ُ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ،

 ‫ة‬‫س‬ 
‫ا‬  ‫د‬   
 ُ‫أ‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ٌ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬
... ‫ة‬‫ذ‬
- ‫س‬
‫ر‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سو‬ ‫د‬ ‫وؤ‬

،‫ض‬‫ا‬  - ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ري‬
ٍ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬ ‫�سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أي‬
 ‫د‬‫ا‬

  ‫ان‬ ‫وم؛‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬‫اأ‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ز‬
.‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ 
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‫اإن‬ ،‫ر‬ 35 ‫ام‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
304
‫ذه‬ ‫ض‬  ‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬
ٍ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬
‫ى‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
- ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫آ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 25 ‫ـ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ون‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫و‬    ‫س‬
‫ر‬ ‫اه‬  ‫ة‬

.‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫س‬    ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬
‫ر‬‫س‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬
‫اك‬ ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ان‬‫ز‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
،‫د‬‫س‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ذ‬ُ  ‫س‬ ‫دي‬  ‫ر‬
ُ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬
 ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ري‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫م‬‫د‬‫إ‬
ٍ   ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬  ‫أن‬  .‫ض‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫ ًة‬‫سو‬‫ر‬ ً ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫رح‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫اء‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬
‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  Q‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫م‬  ‫ ٍة‬‫و‬ ٍ ‫د‬ 
.‫ر‬ 
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬   ً ‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ت‬‫ء‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ Q
‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫رك‬   ‫د‬‫ز‬‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬‫اآ‬
‫ان‬ ‫ا؛‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫�س‬ ‫وي‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫و‬ ‫سا‬ ‫سوخ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫�س‬ 
.‫ا‬‫س‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ، ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ت‬‫ر‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬  ‫إن‬
ٍ ‫ر‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫سر‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫وي‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬

‫وع‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ‫ ٌة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ٍة‬ ‫س‬
305
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫و‬  ‫رك‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬
‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬
  ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫؛‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫وي‬
.‫اب‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ 
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫اءت‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أ‬  
‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫سر‬ُ  ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬    ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
ً ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫وه‬   ‫د‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬‫ر‬ - ً ‫د‬  ‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬
‫ذ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،‫سام‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
  ‫ر‬
،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬    ‫ر‬
ٍ
ٍ ‫أي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ات‬
 ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سو‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬   ‫ر‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬
‫و‬ ‫سوع‬‫و‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
ٍ
.‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬
- ‫ذ‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫خ‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬
  ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬
 Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫ض‬   ‫س‬‫س‬ ُ‫أ‬ ،‫وم‬
.‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫س‬  ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ...« :Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
،1(‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫و‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وت‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫دي‬
 ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اإ‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫وف‬ ‫ل‬  ‫اف‬
‫ز‬  ‫ل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ،‫و‬‫ر‬  ً‫ا‬ ‫ل‬
‫ض‬‫س ــا‬ ‫رط‬ ‫ض‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  ‫د‬‫س ــ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫س ــ‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬‫س ــ‬  ‫س ــ‬ - ‫ر‬‫ا‬ - :‫ر‬‫أ‬
.‫ره‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
306
‫د‬  ‫اإن‬ ‫أ‬   ‫و‬‫ز‬  .‫ون‬  ‫ه‬‫ا‬  ‫�س‬  
.1(»...ً‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ا‬
  ‫وي‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ئ‬‫سا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سوح‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫اب‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ُ ،‫ام‬‫س‬  ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ده‬‫سا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫رح‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫زب‬ ‫ة‬ 
.ً  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬  ‫ن‬‫ر‬ُ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ Q‫س‬
 ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ 
 ‫و‬‫و‬  ً  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬  ‫اأن‬ ‫س‬
 
‫ة‬
‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سات‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ .‫اء‬‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ب‬‫و‬  ‫ر؛‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬
‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ٌ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ،2(» ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا ٌع‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ٌة‬   ‫ي‬‫د‬ « ‫ون‬‫�س‬
.‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬
 ‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ون‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ره‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫وؤ‬
 Q‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ، ‫اء‬‫أ‬ 
‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫سا‬ ‫و‬ ‫دم‬  ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫س‬
‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬ ‫اإن‬ - R‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سد‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬
.‫ ًا‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ ٍ ‫ر‬ 
ِ ،‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫سر‬
ً ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫وه‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬  .‫ا‬
‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬   .‫ ًة‬ ‫ر‬
.82 ‫ض‬ ،‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ،‫و‬ 
 ُ  ‫د‬ُ   ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ات‬
ٍ  ‫ا‬ ّ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
)‫ا‬(.‫ب‬‫ز‬‫أ‬ 
1(
2(
307
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫�ض‬ ‫�س‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ات‬‫سر‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬ - ‫دي‬
 ُ  ‫ر‬ُ - ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ُ
‫د‬ ،‫د‬‫سد‬   ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬
 ‫وت‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫سان‬‫ر‬  ‫ ًة‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫آ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وت‬ ‫د‬ .1(‫سى‬‫أ‬ ‫زن‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬
‫د‬ .‫و‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬‫ر‬ Q‫س‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ف‬‫آ‬ ‫ت‬‫سر‬ ‫اإن‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ون‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ن‬‫و‬
.‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬
‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ات‬‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬
‫أن‬ :‫س‬‫ساأ‬‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ 

‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬
‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫سوب‬
‫ساط‬
ٍ
ٍ    ‫إ‬  ٌ ‫و‬ ٌ ‫د‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
ٍ
 ‫ت‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬  ‫أي‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬
  ‫؟‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ً ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سرف‬‫س‬
‫س‬
‫ذي‬   ‫س‬ ‫وي‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ .‫س‬
 ‫ب‬‫و‬ ‫اأن‬
‫اب‬ُ  ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ ُو‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫�سا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ُ ‫ان‬
‫ا‬  ‫د‬ُ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ 
ٍ ‫م‬‫إ‬
ٍ  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ُ  ‫و‬ ‫�ض‬  ،
.‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
 ‫ات‬‫سا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ف‬‫سا‬ ‫ى‬
‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬
‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سرع؛‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬
‫وؤ‬ - ‫ان‬  ‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ « :Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫سا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬
ٍ
،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬  ً ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،

‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫د‬ .‫وم‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬  ، ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬
.‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
308
ُ
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫اأ‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫د‬ -  -  ‫أ‬ ‫دت‬
.1(»‫أ‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬
‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ات؛‬‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬ 
‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫إن‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  
.‫ة‬  ‫ ًة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬
‫أي‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬ « :‫رن‬   ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫خ‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ري‬ 
‫و‬ ‫رب‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫ح‬  ‫و‬ ً‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ - ‫ة‬
 ‫اأ‬ ‫أ‬  - ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أم‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬ - ‫اء‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ، ‫و‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
.2(»‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ى‬  ‫و‬
‫رت‬« :‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫س‬
ٍ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ »‫ة‬ ‫ا‬« ‫ة‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫إن‬
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ت‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
.3(»‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ 
 ‫وؤ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ء‬‫آ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ُ ‫ا‬
‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬    ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ 
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ،Q
‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫إ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫سر‬
‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬
ٍ  ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫وي‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ 
.‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬  ً  ،118 ‫ض‬ ،‫س‬ ‫و‬
.28 ‫ض‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ً  ،7 ‫ ج‬،‫ري‬
.27 ‫ض‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
3(
309
Q ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ُ ‫أن‬   ،‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ات‬‫ر‬   ‫أ‬
‫ا‬    ‫ة‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬‫سا‬ ‫ذ‬  
‫ت‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ان‬

.R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬‫ذ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ؤ‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬
‫اإن‬ - Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ساأ‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ُ ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬  ‫ة‬
Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ .Q‫وؤ‬
‫ة؛‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬  ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬
ٍ ‫ا‬ ،‫دت‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
‫س‬‫و‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ،‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ،
‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬
. ‫سا‬
 
‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫م‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫س‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ٌ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬  ‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ذي‬  ،Q
‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة؛‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ع‬
ٍ ٌ   ‫ان‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬ 

‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ا‬‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫سره‬‫ا‬ 
.»‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬« ،‫آن‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫سر‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬   Q
‫ان‬ ،R ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ،‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬ 
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
310
‫ة‬ ‫ام‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ذ‬
.‫ة‬ 
ٍ ‫ر‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ُ   ،‫ز‬‫و‬ ٍ ‫ا‬
‫ان‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ك‬‫إ‬ 
‫د‬ ‫أ‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬
‫ساط‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ون‬‫سا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫إن‬ - ‫و‬ ‫سدق‬  ‫ا‬  
 ‫س‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬  - ‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫زه‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫رك‬ 
  ‫ري‬ ‫اط‬« : ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سر‬ 
‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬   ‫ة‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
 ‫اع‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫إ‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ام‬   ‫وب‬ 
.»‫ة‬‫ر‬ ً‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬
 .»‫ة‬‫و‬« ‫ـ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ُ ‫ذي‬  ‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫اط‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ات‬‫سا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫زب‬
ٌ ‫ة؛‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫زب‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬  ‫س‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬

‫رك‬   ‫سو‬  ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬
‫ب‬‫ز‬‫أ‬    ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫و‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .Q‫ق‬‫سا‬
 ‫و‬ ‫أن‬      ‫أ‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ ‫ة؛‬‫سر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬
ٌ ‫ذ‬« :‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
  ‫إن‬ ‫ذ‬ .»‫ري‬  ‫ز‬

ٍ ‫ى‬ ُ ‫أن‬ ً ‫د‬‫أ‬
ّ
‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ذ‬‫د‬
،‫ر‬‫د‬  .‫ة‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ
] 97-107‫ض‬ ، ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬[.‫ت‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫سو‬ ‫ر‬  
Q
‫صر‬ ‫حادي‬ ‫ف�ص‬
‫ظ‬‫م ا‬‫ا‬
Q
.‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ Q‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ❊
.‫ة‬  ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ 
ٍ ‫ن‬ ‫س‬ ❊
.‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ه‬‫س‬‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ❊
.Q‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ❊
‫لمام‬ Q‫اظ‬ ‫ما‬  ‫و‬ ‫ظر‬
- 183 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ 148 ‫ام‬  - ‫ة‬‫س‬ 35 ‫ـ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫ز‬  ‫ذ‬
)( ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ُ ،Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬   .R ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ 
.‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫دي‬ ً ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ - ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬ - ً ‫د‬
‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬  ‫سات‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�ساء‬  ‫د‬
‫ان‬‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫س‬ ‫سام‬ ‫ان‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬
،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫رب‬ ‫سرق‬ ‫و‬  .‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ُ‫أ‬ ،‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫اق‬ 
.‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ت‬‫ز‬
،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬  ‫�ض‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ 
‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ،‫ات‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬ ً ‫و‬   ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬
‫ى‬  ‫س‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ ًة‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ر‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ 
.‫ر‬‫أ‬ 
‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫د‬   ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬
‫د‬ُ   ،‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬  . ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة؛‬‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
 ،‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬  ،‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫ى‬‫أ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
314
‫د‬‫د‬
‫اأي‬ ‫ة؛‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ً ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬    
ٍ
 ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫دي‬ 
.R ‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬   ً ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أن‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ،‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬ 
‫ر‬‫س‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ R
.‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬
 ‫اظ‬ ‫ذ‬
.Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬
‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬      ‫إن‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫د‬ ‫سو‬‫س‬
   ‫اإ‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سة‬  
 ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬    ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫اه‬ ‫و‬
  ‫م‬
 ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ام‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ »‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫د‬«
.‫ر‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫د‬ ‫اإن‬ ،Q‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ 
‫وي‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫اأ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬  ‫؛‬‫و‬  ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬ 
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ 
 ‫ن‬ ،‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬
.‫ام‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬    ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 35 ‫ـ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ 
 ‫ذ‬  ‫سرح‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ء‬‫ز‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬  ،
  ‫ا‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬‫س‬ ً ‫سو‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬

‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  :‫�س‬
:‫ ًا‬‫سر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫اج‬‫ر‬‫د‬‫و‬‫؟‬‫إ‬
 ‫ى‬‫ذ‬

‫ا‬  ‫ن‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬  ‫؟‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
315
Q‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫وح‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫س‬‫و‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬  ‫س‬  ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة؟‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬

  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬   ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫سو‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬
 ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫أن‬  ‫؛‬‫أ‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ن‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة؟‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬
  ‫أ‬   ، ‫ر‬  1(»‫ج‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ان‬« :ً ‫ا‬
 ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سا‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫ل‬ ‫د‬
‫�س ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫وم‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ام‬ ‫سا‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫؟؟‬
‫ا‬  
‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،   ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ
ٍ ‫س‬
‫ا‬  ‫ن‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫و‬   ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬    ‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬
 ‫ة؟‬    ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫وه‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ض‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اأ‬
‫دي‬ ‫سو‬    ‫زم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫؟‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫د‬  ‫س‬
ُ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫؟‬ ‫س‬  ‫ى‬ ، ‫ ٍة‬‫ر‬  ،‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬
35 ‫ـ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬  ٍ ‫د‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬  ،‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫�ض‬ 
   
 ‫ان‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سام‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ساأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬  ‫ة‬
‫؟‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫آ‬ 
ّ  ،‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  
 ‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬
  ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫دك‬ ‫د‬  ‫ان‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫؟‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬
 ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬

.389 ‫ض‬ ،2 ‫ ج‬،‫س‬‫ر‬ ،‫اج‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اج‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
316
:‫س ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬    ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫س‬
‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫وك‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬  ً ‫إ‬
‫د‬  ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ة؟‬‫ر‬  ‫اب‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬
 ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ه‬‫و‬  

‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬   ،‫ون‬‫�س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬
،Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫اط‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ت‬ ‫س‬
  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ 
ً  ‫أ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫دف‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬
ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 250 ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  R
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬ ‫د‬ ،‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ 
 ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة؛‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ 
   ‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫؛‬‫س‬‫إ‬ 

‫ز‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫اء‬‫أ‬  
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ 
 ‫دف‬
‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ع‬‫د‬‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬
.‫سا‬
‫ض؛‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬   Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬
‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬    ‫ر‬   ‫د‬   ‫ان‬
‫ا‬ ‫؛‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫�س‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫؛‬‫س‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫ز‬
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬
‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫سا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬
ٍ   ‫ان‬  ،‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
 ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫وع‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ه‬‫ا‬   
]26/07/1368[.‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬    ‫ة‬‫س‬ 250 ‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ي‬
‫و‬ ‫اد‬ 
‫ د‬‫س‬
ٍ

‫ا‬  .‫ة‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬ ً ‫ا‬ ،Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  ‫أي‬    .‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ،ً  ‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬

‫ان‬ .‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬  ‫دف‬‫ا‬    ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫رح‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ان‬   ‫سة‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬  ،‫ا‬‫إ‬    ‫ى‬ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ر‬

‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬
‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫اء؛‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫أ‬  ‫د‬ :‫و‬Q
‫س‬ ‫أي‬ .‫ي‬‫ا‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬   ‫ ٌد‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬

ٌ
‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ .‫رب‬
ٍ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬    ‫وم‬ ‫س‬
ٌ
‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬ »  «
.‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫أي‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ .‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫أي‬ 1(»« ،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫د‬
‫سو‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬    ‫سة‬‫ا‬
‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬  ‫ة‬ ٍ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ز‬
ٍ

‫و‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ .

ٍ ‫ت‬‫سر‬‫ؤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬ ،‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬
ّ
 ‫ر‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ .‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫دف‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬
‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دف‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ة؛‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا؛‬    ‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫سا‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
.‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬
.100 ‫ض‬ ،48 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
318
‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫أت‬‫د‬ ،‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
‫سد‬ Q‫ا‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬  ‫سر‬ ‫د‬‫و‬  ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ز‬
‫ام‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ .Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ساع‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬  .Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ 148
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ات‬‫سر‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ، ‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫ذي‬   ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�سو‬ ‫د‬ . ‫ة‬‫د‬   ‫ا‬
‫س‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬  - ‫س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫ء‬ ‫ان‬
‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬  ‫ل‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫إ‬
‫سا‬‫ؤ‬ ً ‫ر‬ ً ‫د‬‫ون‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ -‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫ ًء‬‫د‬‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫سو‬ ‫وت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬   ،‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫س‬  ً ‫ر‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ،‫س‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫سو‬  ‫د‬ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رت‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ُ ‫ذ‬ 
 ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬‫س‬
‫أن‬ ‫د‬ .‫سة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫إ‬  ، ‫ر‬   ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ 
 .‫ ًة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬
  ،Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬    ‫رغ‬
‫ان‬   ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬   ،ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫أي‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬
 ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫اء‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ج‬‫اأ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬  
  ‫�س‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ر‬   ‫ ًا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫م‬‫س‬ ‫س‬  ‫ر‬
‫ون‬‫ر‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫إن‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬
‫رف‬ُ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ .Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬
 .‫ذ‬ ‫ره‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫أ‬
.‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ف‬‫ر‬  
319
Q‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫وح‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ساأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬  ‫رت‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬
ٍ  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫أ‬ ،  ، ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬  ‫ض‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ب‬‫و‬
ٌ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 35 ‫ـ‬
 ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ٌ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫و‬  .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ا‬  ٍ  
‫و‬ ‫ر‬
ِ  ،ُ  ‫ا‬ ‫ره‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ 35 ‫ى‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
ٌ 
‫ا ٌء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬   ‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫ات‬ ‫اث‬‫أ‬
.‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬   ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ 
‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫إ‬
 ‫د‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫سو‬  .35 ‫ـ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  Q
 ‫اء‬  ،‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ 10 ‫د‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ،‫دي‬ ‫د‬  .‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬  ‫ده‬  ‫دي‬
12 ‫د‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ده‬  ،‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬‫س‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ 
‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫و‬‫س‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫سا‬ ،‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  ‫د‬   .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
. ‫و‬‫س‬ Q
.‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً ‫ر‬ )‫�سره‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اه‬( Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رء‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫رت‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ،‫ا‬
‫ه‬‫�سا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫إ‬ .‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ .‫وط‬‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
‫دت‬   .‫ت‬‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫س‬ُ ‫د‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬
،‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ،‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  
ٍ  .‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬
.‫ة‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬‫س‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫د‬ُ ‫ق‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 ‫اك‬ ‫و‬ ،Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫�سر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
320
،‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫دي‬
  .‫ذ‬  ‫ذ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ث‬‫و‬ 

‫و‬ .‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�سر‬ُ‫أ‬
‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫�سر‬  ‫ر‬
ٍ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫إ‬ :‫ي‬‫ر‬
‫د‬  ‫�سر‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ُ  - »‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ «
‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ - ‫دي‬   ‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫ث‬   ‫ت‬‫ر‬ 
‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫زن‬  ، ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ . ‫اأ‬
.‫دي‬
‫ان‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ء؛‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫و‬  

‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫زن‬ ‫اك‬ ، ‫أ‬  ‫ه‬‫�سا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ي‬‫ا‬  
 ُ 
  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬   ‫اأ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ي‬‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫اء‬
‫ا‬ ،‫ن‬‫ا‬   .  ‫سرف‬‫ا‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
 ،‫ذ‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬  ‫س‬ُ ،‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
‫ر‬  ‫س‬  ‫أن‬   ‫س‬  ،‫ر‬   ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬    ‫ر‬
‫ان‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫س‬ُ  ‫ة‬‫د‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�سر‬ُ‫أ‬  ‫د‬
‫دي‬‫س‬
‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ان‬  ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬  ،‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬

.Q‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫سا‬ 
Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ 35 ‫ـ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬
‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬  ‫ُد‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ً ‫و‬‫س‬
، ‫ى‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬  ‫و‬‫ز‬ ‫سره‬ ‫اء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫�سر‬ُ‫أ‬
 ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سو‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫دي‬‫ا‬ .
 ‫سى‬‫و‬  ‫د‬  ‫د‬  ‫أن‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ره‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ا‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ . ‫�ساء‬ Q‫ر‬
‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫زم‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ي‬‫ا‬ .Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬ :‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫سد‬‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ .Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ى‬
321
Q‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫وح‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫أ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ٌم‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٌم‬‫ا‬  ‫إ‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  
‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫�س‬‫ساأ‬   ‫أ‬ ،ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ 
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫د‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫ر‬
.Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رت‬  ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ .‫ر‬
ٌ ‫د‬‫و‬
‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫�س‬  ‫ ٌة‬ ٌ ‫ر‬ ‫اط‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ض‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ .Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬
‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫اك‬ .‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أ‬ ُ  ‫اء‬  ‫ا‬
.‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬    ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬
- ‫ة‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬ - ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬‫سا‬   ‫اأ‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ان‬   ‫و‬‫ساأ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫اأ‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
‫و‬  ‫وه‬‫س‬  ‫س‬ ،‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ِ   ،  ‫ر‬‫ا ِأ‬ ،‫ؤ‬
.  
‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫سو‬   ‫و‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬
ٍ  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫وه‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬   ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ ٍة‬  ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ .‫وط‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬  
‫ام‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�س‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫ى‬‫و‬ « ،‫سام‬ ‫ر‬   ‫ر‬ 
‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ي‬ُ ‫د‬
ٍ   ‫إ‬  .1(»‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ً‫ر‬  ً‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ز‬‫أ‬   ‫سام‬ ‫ر‬  
َ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬  ٍ ‫د‬   
‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬   ‫ض‬‫س‬‫و‬  ‫س‬‫ُر‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫اك‬ . ‫ ًا‬‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫إ‬
      ‫ف‬‫ر‬    ‫ى‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اأن‬ ،
.‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ُ ‫ذي‬  ‫سر‬
  ‫دث‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫ان‬ 

.105 ‫ض‬ ،48 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
‫ا‬  ‫ه‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫م‬ Q‫ما‬ ‫اد‬‫ج‬
‫ا‬‫ر‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ر‬ ‫وم‬  .‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫اآت‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬ ً ‫ا‬
،‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫وم‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫و‬ Q
،‫سر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اأ‬
.‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬   .‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬
.‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ة‬
ٍ  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ 
ٍ ‫ا‬
 .‫و‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬   ‫ا ٌع‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬
‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫ر‬‫ذ‬  ‫س‬    ‫د‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ 
:‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اأ‬ .»‫ج‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ان‬«
‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ُ ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬   ،‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
‫ا‬ .Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬‫و‬  .‫ج‬‫ر‬
‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬  ‫ج‬‫ر‬
ِ ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬
 ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬  ،‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ذ‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ات‬  Q‫ر‬
 Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬    ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
.‫ة‬  ‫ ٍة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬
‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
323
Q‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫وح‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬   ‫د‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫د‬‫س‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫غ‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
.ً ‫س‬   ‫ره‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬   ‫و‬ ‫سا‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬
 ‫ة‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬
  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  .‫ ًا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ -  ‫و‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫خ‬ ‫وؤ‬ - ‫ري‬ 
 ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اء‬  ‫د‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ى‬ ‫زم‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫ر‬

‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ .‫رب‬  Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ساع‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬
 .‫د‬  ‫ى‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬   ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ري‬  
‫اء‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اء‬ ، ‫اف‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫س‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ت‬‫اء‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س ًا‬‫سا‬
 ً ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬ 
‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رت‬ ‫ا ًء‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬    ‫ى‬
 ، ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬
‫�سر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ 
‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬   ‫اك‬ ،‫و‬‫و‬
.Q
‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬  ‫سات‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ .‫ة‬  ‫ت‬‫اء‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ،Q
‫ات‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ذه‬ ،‫ا‬‫�سا‬ ‫ذه‬    ‫سات‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬
‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫اء‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫د‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬   ‫س‬
]23/01/1364[.‫ة‬ ‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫د‬   ‫د‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ Q‫ا‬‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬‫ان‬‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫سة‬
. ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬

 ‫ة‬‫ر‬ Q‫ا‬
 ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ان‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
324
 ‫ر‬
 ‫أن‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
َ  ‫ن‬‫ا‬
،‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬
‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ساط‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
 ‫أي‬(  ‫ن‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫زم‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬
‫ء‬‫س‬ .‫سة‬
 ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اب‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  )‫ون‬‫اأ‬
 ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫سة‬
 ‫ذه‬  
‫ة‬‫د‬ ) ‫أ‬( ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫آ‬ 10  ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫آ‬ 5 ‫ض‬  ‫سر‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ،‫ا‬ Q 200‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬  ،‫ز‬‫ا‬
 ‫ ًا‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ساأ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ان‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ساع‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬
 ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫سو‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬    Q
 Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫د‬  ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ساه‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬
.ً  ‫ذ‬  ‫ض‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫سة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫دم‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬
،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬   ‫د‬   ‫د‬   ‫ر‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬
‫ان‬ ‫م‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ 
 .‫ا‬‫سا‬

  .ً  ) ‫أ‬( ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ 50 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬ 
‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ساأ‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ !‫ا‬ 200  ‫ر‬‫أ‬     ‫ذ‬ 
‫ة‬ ‫ام‬ ،‫رج‬    ‫ذي‬   ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬
 ‫اج‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫دي‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ .  ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬
.‫اه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ة‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫�سا‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬
325
Q‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫وح‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬
‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫اأ‬‫ا‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬  ‫اه‬
‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫ى‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اح‬ ‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
]28/04/1365[.‫س‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
 ‫ر‬ُ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬« :Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ي‬ُ
‫أ‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ،‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ، ‫آ‬  ‫دك‬ ‫ذ‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫دك‬
‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ .»‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫دك‬ 
‫ذ‬ ‫رف‬ُ  ،‫�سا‬ ‫د‬ ‫آ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ع‬‫د‬
‫ا‬‫اأ‬ ،‫دك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ت‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ :‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬ 
‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ره‬ ‫ا‬ .‫دك‬  ‫د‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬‫د‬   ‫ساأ‬
 ‫دك‬ ‫؛‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫دك‬   Q‫ر‬ 
ٍ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬  ‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ .‫ذه‬
.‫ة‬‫سذ‬ ‫ذه‬  
 ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ا‬  ،  ‫دك‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�س‬ ‫س‬
‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫وم‬    ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ 
 ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬
.‫دك‬ ‫سا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ُ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ 
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬
‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬    ،‫دك‬ ‫ض‬ ‫اه‬ ‫إ‬
،‫دك‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ 
ٍ
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫رح‬ ‫س‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫اأ‬
]23/01/1364[.‫ض‬   ‫ة‬
ُ :‫ ًا‬‫و‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ي‬
‫ ًا‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ «
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
326
‫ا‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬ « :‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ،»‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬
ً ‫د‬    ‫ا‬‫د‬ .»‫ا‬‫ذ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬« :‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫و‬ .»‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫إ‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .»‫دن‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬« :‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬    Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬
‫أي‬ »‫دن‬« ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ .‫ان‬‫د‬  ‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ً  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫د‬ « :‫ا‬ ،»‫ ًا‬ :‫ا‬ ،‫د‬‫س‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ « .‫رب‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
]‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫أي‬[»‫ا‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ « ، ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ،»‫د‬‫ر‬
:‫ا‬ .»‫ذ‬ ‫م‬
ٍ ‫أي‬   ،« :‫ا‬ ‫د؛‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫أي‬ ‫؛‬  ‫سو‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫آن‬ .»‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬«
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ء‬‫س‬ َ « :‫د‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ .‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اء‬ 
 ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫إن‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬« :Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬  ‫ر‬ .»‫س‬
] 28/04/1365[.1(  ‫ى‬ ‫زم‬  ‫د‬ »‫ها‬ّ ‫ر‬
‫ان‬ ‫د‬‫س ــ‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اب‬  ،‫س ــوب‬‫آ‬‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬  .144 ‫ض‬ ،48 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ ــا‬ :‫ ــ‬
‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ذ‬‫آ‬  Q‫ا‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ى‬‫اأ‬ ،‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬« :Q‫ ــر‬  ‫س ــى‬‫و‬ ‫و‬
،‫دن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ :Q‫ ــا‬ ‫؟‬ ‫إ‬ ‫دك‬  :‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫إن‬ :Q‫ ــا‬ ‫ا؟‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ :‫ ــا‬
‫س ــو‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ :‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫اأ‬ ،‫د‬‫ر‬‫س ــ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ :Q‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ :‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س ــ‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬
‫و‬ ، ‫س‬ ‫ا‬   : ‫د‬‫س ــ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س ــ‬ ‫ر‬ :Q‫ا‬ ، :‫ا‬ 
.» ‫ى‬ ‫زم‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫إن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ :Q‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
1(
Q‫اظ‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ادة‬‫ش‬
‫ة‬‫د‬  P
 ‫رم‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
 ‫ر‬  ،‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  
‫ا‬« :‫و‬  ،»
  ‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫س‬« :‫و‬ ‫ره‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ز‬ ،P

‫�سر‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫سر‬‫ا‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫اأ‬ ،»‫ل‬ ‫و‬
‫�س‬ .‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ،   ‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫أي‬ ،»‫اه‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫م‬« :‫و‬
.‫ض‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬  ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ري‬‫ز‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ان‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ ــا‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬  ٌ ‫ـ ـ‬  ‫اك‬ .Q‫ ــر‬  ‫س ــى‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ــو‬
‫ن‬  ،‫ت‬‫ا‬  ‫وع‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ن‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫سـ ـ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س ــ‬
‫ض‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬  ُ ‫اء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬  ،ً ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬  ‫أن‬
‫ذي‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬  :‫ر‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ساأ‬ ‫د‬ ،‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ك‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫س ــ‬
:  .»‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫و‬   ،‫ا‬  ‫�س‬  ‫إ‬
‫أي‬ ،»‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ٌ  :‫ا‬ ،  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬  .»‫ر‬  ‫س ــى‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�ساء‬  ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫سـ ـ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬  ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  
 ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬
ٍ ‫ـ ـ ُر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ Q‫ ــر‬  ‫س ــى‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬
  ‫ون‬  ‫ا ٌع‬‫أ‬  . ‫ر‬ ،‫ح‬‫س ــ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س ــ‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ذ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ٍ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ ٍة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  .‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ٍ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬  ‫ث‬‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
328
‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ 
 ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬   ٌ ‫سا‬‫أ‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ .‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬
‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ً  ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ 
 ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  .‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬  ‫ذ‬   ‫ذ‬
 ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬   ‫أ‬ ‫د‬َ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
،‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬  ‫س‬   ،Q‫ر‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬  ‫أ‬  ‫وط‬‫�س‬  ‫�س‬
‫ض‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة؛‬‫د‬  ‫ه‬‫�سا‬‫إ‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫و‬‫س‬ ،‫ذ‬ .Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬
‫أ‬  ‫سام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ق‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫و‬
  ‫ر‬
‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ .‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫رف‬  ‫أن‬
.‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫اك‬ ‫وه‬‫س‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
 ‫رج‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬  ‫ض‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اك‬ ،‫ا‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ُ  ‫أ‬  ‫س‬   ،ً ‫د‬  ُ ‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫س‬
.‫وه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬  ُ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ 
  ‫س‬  Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫اأ‬‫ا‬
 ،‫ر‬‫ا‬ .‫ا‬  ‫ان‬    ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬   ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫س‬
 ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫و‬
‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬  ‫و‬ ‫أن‬   ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬‫و‬  Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
‫أن‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫؛‬‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
ٌ
ً ‫د‬‫سد‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬  ‫دي‬‫س‬

329
Q‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫وح‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ام؛‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا ًء‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ 
Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
 ‫دي‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ز‬  ،‫ض‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ 

‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫سا‬
‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫اأ‬ . ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬  Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬
  .‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫د‬ُ  ‫سا‬  ‫دي‬‫س‬

‫سا‬  ‫دي‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ،‫سا‬  ‫دي‬‫س‬
  ‫أ‬  ‫اأ‬

‫د‬ ،‫ا‬   ‫س‬ ‫م‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫سا‬
.‫سا‬  ‫دي‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫دي‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬ ‫س‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ره‬
.‫س‬
   ‫ري‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫وه‬  ‫ه‬‫د‬  ‫س‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫اأ‬‫ا‬

 ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫وه‬‫ر‬
‫آن‬‫ر‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫رب‬  ‫ى‬
‫سا‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ .‫وم‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬  .
‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ك‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬  ‫وم‬   ‫أن‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬   


 ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وم‬ ‫سر‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ذه‬   ‫و‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬   ‫أ‬ ، 
‫أن‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 250 ‫ـ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫و‬‫اأ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫و‬‫اأ‬ ‫اب‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫إ‬  ، ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ 
.‫ ًا‬‫ر‬  ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫آن‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ء‬‫س‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫إن‬
‫ر‬    ‫إن‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬    
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
330
 ‫و‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ 
‫رق‬   ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫أن‬
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫؛‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫د‬ .‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬  ‫س‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫اأ‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ 
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ة‬ ‫أ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ 
.‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬   
‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  .‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫س‬  Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ُ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ .Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬
‫اء‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬  .‫ى‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬   ‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬
‫د‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫سا‬‫وه‬‫و‬‫ة‬‫و‬‫سا‬ ‫دي‬‫س‬

‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬
‫د‬ .‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ، :Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬
‫و‬ ‫أ‬   ،‫ر‬  ‫وب‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬  ‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ 
‫وم‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ح‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬   
.‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫وت‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫س‬  ‫ز‬‫ز‬
 ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ .Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ ،Q‫ر‬
  ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬  Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذه‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬
‫د‬ .‫ة‬ ‫و‬  Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫و‬  ‫ات‬
 ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ر‬  ‫ان‬‫س‬ - ‫ر‬  ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬
- ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫سر‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ُ ‫ذي‬  ‫ن‬‫ا‬   ‫أي‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫سو‬ 
331
Q‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫وح‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫�سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ام‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬   ‫أن‬   ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬
‫م‬‫ر‬   ‫اء‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ،»‫ا‬« ‫ـ‬ ‫وم‬ ‫رف‬ُ   ،‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫ر‬  Q
]23/01/1364[.‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬ ً ‫ا‬
‫صر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف�ص‬
Q
‫ر‬‫م ا‬‫ا‬
.‫د‬ ‫ة‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ❊
.‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ❊
.Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ❊
  Q‫رضا‬ ‫ما‬
‫ض‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫س‬ Q‫ر‬  ‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ى‬   ‫ام‬ ‫و‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ،‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ 
‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬    .‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ 
 ُ ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬« :‫ان‬‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ Q
 ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ،1(»‫دم‬  ‫ر‬
‫س‬  ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫سوم‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫وب‬‫س‬‫اأ‬ . ‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫زم‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬   ،‫ث‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫أ‬
 ‫ح‬ ‫و‬    ‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ 
‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬
  ،ً ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫اء‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ 
ٍ ‫سو‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬    .‫ام‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
‫ا‬ ،‫ن‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫سان‬‫ر‬  ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬ ‫دت‬    ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ده‬
‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ك‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ،‫د‬
‫د‬ ‫سو‬    ‫رت‬ ‫س‬   R ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ 
.‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬
  ‫ض‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  198 ‫ام‬ ‫س‬ ‫رب‬  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬   ‫رغ‬  ‫ره‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫ع‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬
.‫اء‬  ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ،‫دف‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أ‬ . ‫س‬
.257 ‫ض‬ ،8 ‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
336
‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫رت‬‫أ‬ ‫ ٌة‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬
   ‫س‬
  ‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬
  ‫ى‬ ‫ن‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫سات‬‫ا‬  
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ،‫س‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫س‬    ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ي‬‫�سر‬
 ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ 

.‫و‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬   ‫ون‬‫اأ‬  
 ‫أ‬ .‫ة‬ 
‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫سة‬ ‫د‬  ‫أن‬ 
‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫سو‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫وم‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ة‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫س‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬‫ا‬   ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫اإن‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫د‬
.‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
‫ذ‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬
 ‫س‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫سة‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬  ‫ذ‬ 
 ‫رت‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ، ‫ة‬ ‫ز‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ح‬‫ر‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬
‫و‬   ‫ر‬  ‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬   ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دث‬
.‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ .‫ذه‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬  ‫ا‬
‫رب‬
ٍ ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫ ًة‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ر‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫ا‬
‫ذه‬  . ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ ٍة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ز‬ ‫د‬ .‫ده‬‫د‬ ‫د‬  ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫وي‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬
ٍ
 ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬
337
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
   ‫أن‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬
‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬   
‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬  ‫د‬
ٍ ‫أي‬     ‫ذي‬  ‫دف‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬
،)‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  
 ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫أي‬( ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  
‫ذي‬  ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ع‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫و‬   
.‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫اء‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ ٍة‬‫سو‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ان‬
 ‫ز‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ى‬   ،‫إ‬
  ‫ر‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ،Q‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ 
  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬   .‫س‬ ‫ده‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ن‬‫د‬ 

‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ري‬ 201 ‫ـ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫س‬ ‫�س‬
 ً ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫س ًا‬   ‫د‬ ،ً ‫ر‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ،Q
‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ Q‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬    .‫و‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫سوم‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ره‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  
‫سرح‬
ٍ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫وم‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ء‬‫�س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫سر‬
.‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ء‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
:‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫سد‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ 
‫ ٍة‬‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا؛‬ ‫أ‬
‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫رت‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ‫ئ‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ساط‬

‫ذه‬ . ‫و‬  ‫رف‬  ‫�سا‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬     ‫سون‬‫ا‬
‫ ٌر‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬
  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫ة‬‫�سا‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ساط‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�ساء‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ 
.‫سة‬‫د‬
‫ر‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ؤ‬ ‫س‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬

‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
338
‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫أي‬  ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫وب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
ٍ
 ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ، ‫ ًا‬‫وؤ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫وع‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬‫س‬
  ‫سة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وم‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫س‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ز‬  
 ‫سو‬   ‫اك‬ ‫ا‬ 
.‫ة‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫�سات‬
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ك‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬
‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬
‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬    ‫س‬ ‫�سة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ،‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫وم‬ ‫د‬
.‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬
‫د‬ 
 ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ز‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬
‫ض‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫رف‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ان‬  
‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ى‬‫د‬ ُ ‫ا‬ ‫س ًا‬‫د‬ 
‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬   ‫ا ٌع‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬
  ،‫س ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ت‬‫ؤ‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ،‫اء‬‫�س‬ ‫س ًا‬‫سو‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬
،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬  ‫س‬ ‫اء‬  ‫ة‬ ‫؛‬‫ا‬
   ‫ذ‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫اء‬  ‫أن‬ ،‫ر‬‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫�س‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ ٌم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫د‬ ُ
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬    ‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫و‬‫د‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬
339
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ره‬ ‫د‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬
   ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫اء‬   ‫ ٌد‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫اء‬
‫س‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬  
  ‫زع‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬
‫ات‬‫و‬  ‫ى‬ 
‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬  ،‫س‬

.‫ا‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫دم‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬
  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ن‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫ر‬ُ  ،‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬‫ز‬
‫ا‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬    ‫ف‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ب‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬
. ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬   .‫ر‬‫آ‬
‫ ًا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫سوم‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون؛‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دف‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬
 ‫ون‬‫د‬ ،‫ح‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬     
    ‫أن‬ ‫ق‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬    ‫اح‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬
.‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫س‬‫ا‬ 
،‫س‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ذي‬  ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫؛‬‫ر‬ ‫دف‬
‫سر‬‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬    ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ُ 
 ً ‫ز‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ 
 .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ون؛‬‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫دف‬
 ‫ده‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬   ‫دح‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ 
‫رم‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬ ،P
 
‫سا‬  ‫رب‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ .‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫إ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
340
    ‫د‬
‫اء‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫سا‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ذ‬ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ب‬
.‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ 
‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫س‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ض؛‬‫سا‬ ‫دف‬
‫س ًا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬  . ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬
  ‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ، ‫ر‬  ‫ام‬  ‫و‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬
‫اأ‬ ‫سوف‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫سرح‬ ‫ام‬ ‫إ‬ ،P
 ‫اء‬‫أ‬
‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫د‬‫أ‬    ‫ا‬ ‫سوت‬ ‫أي‬   ‫ام‬
‫ ًة‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬
.‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬   ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ ًة‬
ٌ  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬
.‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬
   ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫د‬   ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ُ ‫ا‬
‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ، ‫ام‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬
ٍ 
،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫س‬ُ  .‫و‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬ 
‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ،‫س‬  ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬
 ‫ى‬  .‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ٍ 
.‫سة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ 
 ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫رع‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬  ‫ ًا‬ .‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
 
‫ة‬‫سا‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫رف‬  ، ‫ر‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬ 
‫ذي‬  ‫س‬ ‫و‬ .Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬  ‫ع‬‫سر‬
‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ون‬‫اأ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ان‬

‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
341
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬   ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬      ‫أ‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬
 .  ‫ا‬   ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫إن‬ 
،‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ساب‬‫أ‬ ،Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬
‫ره‬‫د‬   ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫�س‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�س‬
 ‫د‬  ‫أ‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫اف‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  .  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اأ‬ ً ‫و‬ ‫ا ًء‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫إ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬   ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬
‫س‬
‫سة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ون‬ ً ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬‫ا‬ .Q

  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫ز‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫اأ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ُ  ‫ساء‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫أي‬ . ‫سا‬ ‫اء‬
.‫ر‬
‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ 15  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ج‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ 
،‫�سا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
ٍ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ع‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫�سر‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫أ‬  ‫ى‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ،‫دي‬  ‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫د‬ُ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ّ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫سره‬
. ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬    ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سر‬
‫أمو‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬ Q‫رضا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫خ‬
  ‫ت‬‫ء‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ،‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬
:‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬   ،‫ون‬‫اأ‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬
 ً ‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫سر‬ ،‫سان‬‫ر‬
،‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫�سا‬ ‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬
‫سو ًء‬ ‫ر‬‫�س‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬   ‫أن‬ 
‫سوء‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫رب‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .‫و‬  ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫إ‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫رم‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬   ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ P

 ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬  ،‫ع‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬
.Q‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬
‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ُ ‫أن‬  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا ًء‬
‫وب‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬   ‫ذي‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ُ
‫ت‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ام‬ ‫ذي‬    ‫ر‬ ‫ ًة‬ ،
‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫د‬
‫ذه‬ . ‫ى‬‫إ‬ 
 ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  Q‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬
.Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬
‫ذ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�ض‬ »ْ ‫ر‬َ «  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬
   ‫سر‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬‫سر‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬  ‫ى‬   .‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫رح‬
343
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
.‫ة‬   ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ان‬
‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ذ‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ان‬    Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫سر‬ ‫اء‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬
‫ َر‬   ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬    ‫رح‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬  ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ذ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ق‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬
.1(‫�س ًا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫دم‬ 
 ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬  ‫أ‬   ‫أن‬  ‫اح‬ُ ‫سة‬‫ر‬    Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ُ د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ ًا‬ )‫د‬ ‫ة‬( ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ً ‫د‬   ‫ان‬ .‫د‬
‫ا‬  .‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ،‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ً ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬
‫اه‬‫أ‬ ‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬  ‫س ًا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وم‬   ‫س‬‫إ‬
‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ده‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬
  ‫اف‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ف‬‫آ‬
ٍ  ،‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�س‬
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ،Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬    ‫ض‬‫س‬
.‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
ٌ
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫د‬‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫د‬ ‫ا‬   ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ 
.‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬   ‫س‬  ‫ر‬   ‫ون‬‫اأ‬
.Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ذه‬
 ،‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬    Q‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬   ، ‫س‬‫و‬   ‫ت‬‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬‫�س‬    ‫أ‬
 ‫دم‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سرط‬ ‫إ‬
‫رب‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ن‬‫سوؤ‬  ‫ساأن‬ ‫أي‬  ‫د‬
 ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬« ،260 ‫ض‬ ،2 ‫ ج‬،‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ل‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫سا‬‫إ‬
‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ 
.»‫ى‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫�س‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬   ،‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬  

 ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سى‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
344
‫د‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ .‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ف‬‫سر‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫س‬
‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬   ‫و‬  ‫سرط‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬
‫سرط‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ 
 ‫دم‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ذي‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫س‬‫و‬  .‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫اأي‬ ‫د‬
‫ر‬‫اأ‬ .‫اء‬  ‫ى‬     ‫سرط‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬
‫ء‬‫ر‬     ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ء‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬   ‫د‬‫أ‬
‫د‬ 
   ُ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ .‫سرط‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬
‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ان‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬‫س‬
‫ة‬‫سوؤ‬ ‫أي‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ،‫ى‬  ‫ر‬‫اأ‬   ‫و‬ . ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫أي‬ ‫دم‬   ،‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫د‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫اأي‬ ‫وم‬ 
‫ام‬  ً ‫�سو‬ ‫ر‬ُ ‫ذي‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ام‬
‫أن‬   ،‫ات‬‫سوؤ‬    ‫ى‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫و‬  ‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ك‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .‫ام‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ ًا‬‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫س ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫د‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ .‫ض‬ 
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬  .‫ ًا‬‫سا‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ى‬
 ‫د‬
.‫�سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬
 ُ ‫ر‬     ‫ان‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ 
.‫ر‬  
  ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ً    ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ج‬‫و‬
‫ ًا‬‫س‬  ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬
‫ساع‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫د‬   ‫و‬  ‫ى‬ ‫و‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬
‫سا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ره‬  ‫�ض‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ،‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫�س‬
 ‫دم‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬

ً ‫د‬   ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ ٌج‬‫و‬ .‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫أي‬   ‫ ًا‬ ‫د‬
ٌ
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬
 ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫إن‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬
345
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬   ، ‫ ًا‬  ‫و‬ ‫و‬ Q
  ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫سر‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�ض‬ ،‫د‬
‫أ‬   P
 ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رج‬ ‫أن‬ ‫سرط‬
‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  .Q‫ا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫دم‬ ،‫سر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫د‬
‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫س ًا‬‫ر‬  ،‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬  Q
.1(Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫سر‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫�سر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ساأ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬
‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ا‬    ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬
  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اء‬ ‫د‬( ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫و‬    ‫د‬ ،)‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ 40 ‫سنة‬
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫رق‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 ‫اع‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬   ،‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ك‬   ‫ة‬
‫ام‬ ‫د‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫رف‬ ‫س‬  ُ ‫وي‬
 ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫س‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬ 150 ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ُ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ات‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫ر‬  ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫اء‬
‫ر‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫إ‬     ‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫ة‬‫ر‬
. ‫اع‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬   
‫اء‬     ‫رت‬   Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬    ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫�سر‬ 
‫ات‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫س‬  ‫�س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬
‫د‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
.257-258 ‫ض‬ ،2 ‫ ج‬،‫سا‬‫إ‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
346
‫د‬‫سا‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ،‫س‬  ‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ره‬
   ‫ر‬
‫ا‬‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دح‬  
‫إن‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬   ‫ض‬‫و‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬ ِ
‫د‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ساأ‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫اه‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  
‫سة‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫سد‬ ‫سر‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ذي‬   ‫اح‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬
.‫ون‬‫اأ‬
،‫ة‬‫د‬   ‫أ‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  
  ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ر‬  
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ُ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  
  ‫اأ‬ .Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬
‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬   ،‫ا‬   ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬  ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬
،‫ان‬     ‫أ‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ Q‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫�سا‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫رف‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫د‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫أ‬
  ‫و‬ ‫سا‬  R ‫أ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ 
.‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫�س‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬
‫و‬‫و‬    - ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫سر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬  ‫ون‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬  - ‫ت‬‫و‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ً  ‫ؤ‬‫ر‬
.‫ ًا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫أ‬  
 ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ،‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ده‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬    ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رك‬ Q
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬   ‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬  .‫ره‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫دن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬   ،‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً ‫سو‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
347
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫سة‬‫ر‬    ‫ا‬‫س‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬    ‫أ‬
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ره‬‫س‬
 ،‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬    ‫ا‬‫أ‬     ‫سر‬  ،‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫سا‬  ،‫د‬‫ر‬   
‫سة‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ .‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬   ‫ت‬‫ز‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ،‫د‬‫ا‬
   ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ره‬‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫ان‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ز‬‫ر‬
.‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫�سو‬ ‫ع‬‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
   ‫أ‬  ً ‫�س‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬  ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫�ض‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ً ‫ز‬ ً ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫سوم‬
‫ى‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬   ، ‫وؤ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫دن‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫ض‬‫س‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫سون‬ ‫ر‬
‫أي‬ ‫دح‬ ‫ق‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬   ‫ريء‬ ‫ان‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ز‬  
‫ا‬  ‫س‬   ،‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬    ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬
  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ده‬
‫ى‬ ‫ه‬  ‫و‬  ‫ض‬ ً ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬
 ‫آن‬ ‫ا‬‫اإ‬ ‫س‬‫اأ‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ 
‫و‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ره‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ُ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬
  ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ده‬‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ر‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬  
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
348
‫ذ‬ .‫رق‬ ‫اع‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫س‬  ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫و‬
‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ‫آن‬ .‫ره‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫د‬
‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ، ‫د‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ع‬‫سر‬
.‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬   ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬‫ر‬
.‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫�س‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ َر‬ ‫آن‬
Q‫رضا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ادة‬‫ش‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬  
 ‫ون‬‫اأ‬  ‫د‬
  ‫ر‬ ‫ام‬ ‫سا‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ 
 ‫د‬
‫و‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫أي‬
 ‫دم‬ ‫أي‬ ‫سرط‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ 
.‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫اأي‬ ‫د‬
  ‫أ‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬
‫ا‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬  ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬
‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫�س‬‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫دح‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫سو‬ ‫رف‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ، 
‫ا‬

‫س‬‫أ‬ ،)‫�س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬( Q
 ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫رف‬ُ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫�سون‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
‫ض‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫�س‬ ‫د‬ .‫�س‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ P
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رب‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫س‬  
‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ام‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q
،‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ره‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ى‬ .‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬
‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذف‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
 
ُ  ‫س‬ ‫اه‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫م‬‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬   ‫ض‬ ‫ى‬  ،‫سا‬
‫�س‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫اب‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
350
 ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سة‬ .‫و‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫ام‬
‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫اإ‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬   ‫أ‬  ً ‫�س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫�س‬ ‫د‬ . ‫ى‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ،‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬ Q
‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫اأه‬ ‫ر‬ُ َ  ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ض‬‫و‬   .‫سا‬
‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫سا‬‫و‬   ‫ذ‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬   ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ - ً ‫ر‬‫�س‬
‫دم‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ - R ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫س‬ ‫ون‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫و‬
. ‫أي‬ ،‫ا‬
 ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫وب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬
‫ذه‬  ‫ذي‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ان‬ 
‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ .‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
Q‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ت‬‫ء‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ام‬‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬
.‫س‬‫سا‬ ‫و‬  ‫د‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬   
‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سان‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬  ‫أ‬
  ‫أن‬ ‫و‬   ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫ر‬  ‫اك‬ .‫ت‬‫ر‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ 
،‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ً ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ر‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬
.‫ت‬‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ام‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ ًا‬  
‫ِ َر‬‫ا‬  ُ  « :Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬
 ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬
 َ ِْ َ ْ  َ ِ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ِ ْ َ
 َ َِ َ ْ ُ َ‫أ‬ ْ َ  َ‫اأ‬ِ ‫ِ ٌد‬‫ا‬َ َْَ‫أ‬ ِ َ ‫ا‬
‫ ْ أ‬َ ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬

ِِ ‫ا‬َ َ ْ  َ ِ ‫ا‬َ َ ‫ا‬َ ِ ُ ِ ‫ا‬َ ْ  َْ‫أ‬َ َ  َ ُ َ ‫ا‬َ Qِ‫ا‬َ ‫آ‬ ْ ِ ً‫د‬َ َ‫أ‬ ُْ ِَ َ َ
.1(»...‫َا‬ْ ِ ‫َذِ ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ُ
‫َذِ ِه ْ أ‬ ‫ َد‬ْ ِ
‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ء‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫ت‬‫ء‬‫ر‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ،‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وق‬  ‫أن‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
.197 ‫ض‬ ،2‫ ج‬،‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬
1(
351
Q‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫ان‬‫أ‬   ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫وق‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ون‬‫اأ‬
   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫وث‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬

‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬      ‫اأ‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ا‬  ،‫ان‬
Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫س‬  ً ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬
‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬‫اأ‬  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  .‫ ًء‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫ز‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬
‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬‫اآ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬( ‫ض‬‫سر‬ ‫س‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫دم‬
‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫إ‬    ‫ذ‬  )‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫سرق‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬
‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ .Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ام‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
‫أن‬ ‫ن‬  ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
‫أن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬

‫أي‬ ‫ـ‬ 203 ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  .ً   ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫أي‬  
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ج‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬
‫سى‬ُ    ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سد‬   
.Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  
‫صر‬ ‫ث‬‫ا‬ ‫ف�ص‬
Q‫اد‬‫م ا‬‫ا‬
Q‫دي‬‫م ا‬‫ا‬
Q‫ري‬‫ا‬
‫م‬‫ا‬
ّ
.‫ة‬‫حر‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫جو‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ❊
.‫ة‬‫س‬ R‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ❊
.‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫لت‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬ ❊
‫ر‬ ‫يا‬ Q‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ما‬
‫ ٌج‬‫و‬ ٌ ‫سو‬‫أ‬ ٌ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫سو‬  ‫ره‬ Q‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬
‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ ل‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ا‬
‫د‬ ،‫ره‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ .‫ان‬
  ‫إ‬  ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬
  ً ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫و‬ ‫د‬  ،‫ر‬   ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 25 ‫ـ‬ ‫ر‬
‫ذي‬  R‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  .‫س‬‫ا‬
‫وه‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ُ‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬  

،‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ًة‬‫س‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬
ٍ   ‫ساف‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫ساف‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫اإن‬
 ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫ك‬ .‫ ًا‬ ‫س ًا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دم‬  ،‫سا‬
‫�ض‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬

 ‫سر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ءه‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ .‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ 
‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  .‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ر‬ 
‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫رف‬  ‫اإن‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫اع‬‫د‬ ‫سة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬ 
‫ون‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫سو‬   ،‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫سر‬  .‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ن‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫اق‬ ‫اء‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
 ‫ ًا‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬
) ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬( ‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫سى‬‫و‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ...‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫اء‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫اع‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬  ،) ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬( ‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
]18/07/1359[.  ‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬   ،‫ذ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
356
  ‫�سى‬‫أ‬ ٌ  ‫سا ٌن‬‫إ‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬
‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
 ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ره‬
‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬    ً ‫د‬ ً ‫و‬ ‫ر‬  - ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬   ‫ان‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬  
 ‫ذ‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ .‫ة‬ ٍ ‫سو‬
  ‫ساأن‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫�سر‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫�س‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫�سا‬ ‫ق‬‫أ‬
  ‫ذ‬ ‫ج‬ ‫د‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬   ‫إن‬ .

‫إ‬ ، ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ،Q‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫رق‬  ‫د‬ ،‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬
]25/02/1360[.‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ٍ ‫سو‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ 
‫مامين‬ ‫ج‬‫مو‬
‫س‬ L‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫اد‬
‫ذي‬  ‫اإن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ام‬  Q‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫رت‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ 
‫ ٌة‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬   .Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫سر‬
‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬ ً ‫د‬ ،‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫اء‬ 
‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ .ً  ‫إ‬ ‫ده‬    Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ز‬ 
  ‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ذه‬ ،‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬   ‫د‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫ء‬‫أ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫سو‬‫ر‬ ‫ون‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫ن‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ 
ٍ   ‫ا‬  ،R‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬
ٍ 
.ً ‫و‬  ً ‫سا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬
.‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 20 ‫�سى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 42 Q‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬
‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ض‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬   ،‫ ًة‬‫ز‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ان‬
‫رك‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ -  ‫ر‬  ‫رك‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫اه‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ 
،‫اط‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫ا‬‫آ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬  ‫سون‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ك‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫ا‬‫س‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ،‫د‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬‫ر‬  ‫�سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ 
 ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ،‫ك‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ .‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬    ‫ة‬‫سر‬
‫سا‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ون‬  ‫وؤ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫و‬
‫ات‬‫ز‬ - ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ - ‫رب‬   ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫�سا‬
ٌ
‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫وظ‬
ٌ ‫د‬  ،‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  .‫ت‬‫ر‬‫سا‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
358
،‫إ‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬   Q‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬
‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ري‬
‫سان‬‫ر‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬

‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬    ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  
‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ .‫وم‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫وؤ‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ر‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫وف‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬    ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫وم‬ ‫أن‬ Q‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
ٌ
ٌ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ .‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬‫د‬
‫و‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬
 ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫وظ‬

ٍ
ٍ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ُ Q‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ان‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫س‬  ‫رف‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬  .‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  .‫أ‬ ‫ر‬   ‫�سى‬ ‫ان‬ 
.‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬     ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬
.‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬ - R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ - ‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫إن‬
‫ى‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ ٍة‬‫ا‬  ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬
‫ي‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ٌد‬ ‫و ٌم‬
ٍ
،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ .  ‫ر‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬
‫ون‬ ،‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ،‫س‬  ‫و‬ ‫ز‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫إ‬ 
 ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ط‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ذي‬ - ‫أ‬  ‫ى‬ ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫ؤه‬‫ا‬
‫ى؛‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س ًا‬‫سا‬‫أ‬   - ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ساق‬

‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ء‬‫س‬    ‫ه‬‫ذ‬  ُ ‫أن‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ان‬
‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬  ،‫س‬  ‫س‬   ‫س‬ R
 ‫و‬ .‫ل‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬
  ‫ذه‬ ‫ة؛‬‫د‬
 ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫زم‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ 
‫ ًا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫�س ًا‬
‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ان‬  ‫ة؛‬‫س‬ 1230 ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬   ‫و‬ .‫ ًا‬‫س‬
359
Q
‫عسةري‬
‫ا‬ Q‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
‫أن‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬

  ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ،‫ان‬‫أ‬  P
  ، ‫و‬ .‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ى‬  ،‫ء‬‫س‬    ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ز‬
‫ا‬  َ   ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫ ٌء‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬
  ،‫وي‬
‫د‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اأن‬ .‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬

   ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 1000  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬
‫اك‬ ‫ان‬  ،
‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬   ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬

 ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫د‬‫اأ‬‫ا‬ .‫ا‬    ‫وؤ‬ 
‫ر‬ ٌ 

.‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫ذه‬    ‫س‬ ‫�سرب‬ ‫ر‬
‫س‬
‫�سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ،Q‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ٌ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
ُ
‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬  Q‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ 218 ‫ام‬ 
‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ Q‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ،‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ساأ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�سر‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ .‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫د‬   
 ‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫أ‬ ‫سر‬‫أ‬  ‫س‬
ّ ‫ر‬  ‫أن‬  ‫ ٌر‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫س‬
ً  ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ . 
‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ 
‫سر‬‫أ‬ ً  ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ ًا‬  ‫ون‬ ، ‫ذ‬ ‫ده‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ،
،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫اء‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫س‬
‫د‬‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫ذي‬ ‫دي‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫�سو‬ - ‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ٌ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ان‬ -  ‫أ‬
‫أن‬   . ‫ذ‬ ‫ ٍب‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫رب‬
ّ ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ٌ ‫و‬‫اأ‬  ‫إ‬ : ‫ا‬ ،
‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫دك‬‫أ‬ ، ‫اط‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫أي‬  ‫س‬
ٍ
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬ .‫دي‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
 ‫د‬ .‫س‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ،‫و‬   ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ - ‫رت‬ ‫ا‬ - Q‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
360
.‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬   ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬ ٍ ‫د‬  ‫د‬
،‫دي‬ ‫ى‬ 
،‫ذ‬ ٍ ‫أي‬« :‫دي‬ ‫ا‬ .‫اه‬ ‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬    ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ساأ‬
،‫ب‬‫أ‬  ً‫ا‬‫و‬‫أ‬    ،‫ب‬‫أ‬  ‫ ًة‬‫اأ‬   ‫أ‬  ‫إ‬ ،‫؟‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬‫؟‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫اأ‬ !  ‫أ‬ 
‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬( ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫آن‬‫ر‬  ً ‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫آ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ : ‫و‬‫اأ‬ ،‫أ‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ٍ ‫و‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اأ‬ ) ‫أ‬
ً 
‫ا ٌء‬  ‫إ‬ .‫ا‬‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬    
 ‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ ،
ٌ  
‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ .»‫؟‬‫ذ‬ ٍ ‫أي‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫اأ‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ،‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫اظ‬
‫ }ﭖ‬،‫ل‬ 
   ،ً  ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  -  ‫ذ‬ ‫اط‬
‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ،‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  - 1({‫ﭗﭘ‬
. ‫أ‬ ‫س‬
)2(
‫ــ ــ‬‫ـ ـ ـ‬ ‫ ـ ــر‬‫ـ ـ ـ‬ ‫ـ ـ ـ‬ ‫ـــ‬‫ـ ـ‬‫ـ ـ‬‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ــاء‬‫ــ‬‫ــا‬ ‫ـــ‬‫ـ ـاأ‬‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ ٌم‬‫ ـ ـ ــ‬ ‫ـ ـ ــ‬
   ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬‫ز‬ ،‫ا‬    ‫سر‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
‫اء‬‫آ‬ ‫م‬  ،‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫اء‬   ‫س ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫د‬
ِ .‫س‬‫و‬
ً   ‫د‬
‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫أ‬
ٍ   ‫رك‬ ،‫ه‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ 
ٍ  ‫د‬   ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫س‬
،‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫و‬ .‫س‬
 ‫اب‬‫س‬‫اأ‬  ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة؛‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫آن‬
‫ك‬‫ذ‬ »‫؟‬ ‫ك‬  ‫أ‬ ‫اأ‬ :‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ا‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬ 
‫وب‬‫ذ‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٌء‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫دي‬
ٍ ‫أ‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬  
  
.12 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫سو‬
.‫دي‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬
1(
2(
361
Q
‫عسةري‬
‫ا‬ Q‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
،‫ ُـ‬ُ ‫ـ‬
 ‫وك‬ :‫س‬‫ا‬
ِ  ‫ض‬‫ا‬
ِ
ُ  ‫ـ‬‫ا‬  ‫ـا‬ِ ‫اأ‬  ‫ ٌة‬‫س‬ 
‫ـ‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ـ‬‫إ‬ ،‫ ُـ‬ ‫ـ‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ُ ‫ـ‬ُ ‫إ‬ ٌ ‫ـا‬ ‫ ٌة‬‫س‬ 
ٍ  
ِ ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
]30/05/1383[.»‫ـ‬
ُ ْ   ‫ض‬ ْ   َ ‫أ‬ ‫ ًة‬  َ ‫ـ‬
،‫ر‬  ‫ون‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�سر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
 ‫و‬ .‫د‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬  
‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ 
‫ان‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ،‫ا‬‫ر‬ 1(‫ا‬ 
.L‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اط‬ ‫سى‬‫أ‬  ‫سا‬‫ر‬  ‫إ‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ُ ‫ا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ . ‫س‬ ‫اق‬
ٍ ‫س‬ ‫سون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬   ،‫سا‬
 ،‫و‬‫ر‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬  Q‫ي‬‫ا‬
،‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  .‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬  
‫س ّر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ام‬  ‫ك‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬ ‫؛‬Q‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
 ‫أن‬  ‫ان‬ ،‫ا‬
‫ا‬ .‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ . ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫سوه‬‫س‬
،‫ر‬‫س‬
ٍ ‫ر‬
ٍ ‫ض‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�سر‬  ‫و‬ ‫د‬
‫د‬  ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ان‬    ‫ر‬ ‫سر‬ 
‫د‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫أي‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ !‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ض‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬
‫ض‬ ‫د‬  ‫أن‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ر‬‫وؤ‬
‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ .‫ات‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ره‬‫س‬
ٍ ‫ض‬
ٍ
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬   ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬   ‫و‬ ‫زم‬ ،‫ة‬‫سا‬
‫س‬   ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬(‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫�ض‬ ،‫ا‬
‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬  ،‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫م‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬‫أ‬
ٍ     ‫س‬ )‫ر‬
.447-337 ‫ض‬ ،4 ‫ ج‬،‫ا‬  ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
362
‫ري‬ ‫ا‬    ‫و‬   ‫ذ‬ !‫وت؟‬ ‫�سة‬  ‫رب‬‫س‬  ‫اإ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫س‬
‫ض‬ ‫د‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬‫ا‬ . ‫ن‬‫د‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ده‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وت‬ ‫د‬
.‫ط‬  ‫رج‬ ‫أن‬ ، ‫ى‬ ‫س ًا‬‫أ‬  ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬
ُ ُ  ‫ ـ ُـ‬‫أ‬ ‫ ــا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬
‫ ــ‬ْ ‫ـ‬ُ
ِ
‫س ــ‬‫ر‬
ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ ـ ِـ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ــو‬‫ا‬
‫و‬‫ز‬ ‫ ــا‬ ‫ ــض‬‫ـا‬ ً ‫ ــر‬ ‫ ــو‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ ــد‬ ‫و‬‫ز‬‫س ــ‬
ُ ‫ـ ـ‬ ُ‫ ــان‬ ُ ‫ر‬ ‫سـ ـ‬ ‫ ــ‬‫أ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ ــا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫ ٌخ‬‫س ــا‬ ‫ ـ ُـ‬‫ا‬
ُ  ُ ‫ا‬‫س ــ‬‫أ‬ ‫ـرب‬
ُ ‫�س ـ‬ُ ‫ا‬ 
‫ـ ـ ًة‬ ‫ ـ ْـ‬‫ا‬ ‫ ــ‬  ‫ ــوه‬‫و‬ ‫ـ ــ‬‫أ‬
ُ  ُ ‫ ــد‬ ‫ ــا‬ ‫ ــوه‬‫و‬ ‫ ــ‬‫ـ‬
‫س ــاء‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫ـ ـ ُر‬ ‫سـ ـ َـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـا‬
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬
ِ  ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬‫س ــ‬‫اأ‬
‫و‬‫س ــر‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ ــو‬‫أ‬ ‫ ــا‬‫ا‬ ‫ ــد‬
‫و‬ َ‫ ــ‬‫أ‬ َ ‫د‬ ‫ ــو‬‫ا‬
‫س ــ‬ُ ً  ‫ ــر‬  ‫ ــا‬‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫ ــد‬‫أ‬ ‫ ــى‬ ‫ ــا‬‫و‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ ــر‬  ‫ ــو‬‫أ‬ ‫ ــز‬ ‫ ــا‬‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ث‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫س ــا‬
‫ـ ـ ًة‬ ً ‫ ــر‬ ‫ ــ‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ـ‬‫س ـ ـ‬‫أ‬
ُ
‫و‬
‫ ـ ُـ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ ــا‬ ‫أ‬
ُ ‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ـ ـ َة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ ‫سـ ــ‬
ُ  ‫ـوت‬
ِ ‫ ـ‬ ‫ام‬‫ـ‬
ُ ‫س ـ‬ ‫ ــ‬‫ـ‬‫أ‬ ‫ـ ــا‬ ‫ـ‬

ْ ِ‫س ــ‬‫اأ‬ ‫ى‬ُ ‫ ــا‬‫أ‬ ُ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ ــ‬‫أ‬
ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ُ   ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬
‫د‬
‫و‬‫�س ــ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ُ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
ُ ‫أ‬ ‫ ــا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ ــة‬ ‫ ــ‬‫ـ‬
‫و‬ ‫ ــا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س ــ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ــا‬ ‫ ــات‬
ُ ‫سـ ـ‬ ‫وت‬
ِ ‫ـا‬
ِ ‫ ـ‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫ ــ‬
‫س ـ ًـ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫م‬
َ ‫ ــو‬‫ر‬ ‫ ــ‬
363
Q
‫عسةري‬
‫ا‬ Q‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
 ‫ان‬ ،‫رف‬  ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫رب‬
ٍ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ،‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ، ‫اع‬  ‫ساب‬
 ‫ا‬
 ‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬  .‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  
 ‫أن‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬ .Q‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫أن‬ ً    ‫ان‬ .‫ة‬ ‫�س‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫دث‬ 
  ‫ون‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  .‫س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ب‬‫سر‬ ‫ض‬‫وؤ‬   ‫ر‬ ً ‫اأ‬ Q
.‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ر‬ ‫رف‬ ‫س‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬  ،‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫د‬  
ٍ
.ً ‫د‬   ‫ة‬‫�س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬  
‫ض‬  ‫أن‬  .‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬  ٌ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬
‫ان‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ .‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ .‫د‬ ‫د‬  ‫ان‬ ، ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬
‫ا‬‫و‬‫س‬   ‫سا‬   .‫د‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ات‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬   

   ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ .‫ ًا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬‫ا‬ .
‫أي‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫أن‬ ً ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫اأ‬

‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ 
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬‫أ‬  ،‫ ٌة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ُ ‫ان‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫أن‬ .‫ام‬  ‫ ٍة‬‫و‬
ٌ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫س‬ ،R ٌ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫سو‬
‫ان‬ ‫د‬ .‫د ٍع‬  ‫إ‬  ‫ض‬  ‫أ‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ٌر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ ،
‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ 
‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫د‬
 .‫سا‬

‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ .
‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬   ‫ق‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ 

.‫وم‬ ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫اع‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
364
‫د‬  ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ده‬ ‫س‬  ‫م‬‫ر‬
ٍ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
‫أ‬  ،‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫أن‬   .‫ء‬‫س‬  ‫ى‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ 250
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬
‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫سدت‬ُ‫أ‬   ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫أن‬ 
‫ذ‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .L‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
،‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫اأ‬ .‫د‬  ‫دف‬
ٍ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬
‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫إن‬ .‫د‬ ‫دف‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫ض؛‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ 
 .»‫ة‬ ‫إ‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ « ،Q‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫ان‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬   ‫اإن‬ ،‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ Q‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  
‫و‬‫ر‬  ‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬ .R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫�سة‬  ‫سا‬ ‫د‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ون‬ ‫ا‬
  ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًة‬‫سا‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫اء‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬
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.‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
 ‫د‬ . ‫أ‬   ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ُ ‫أن‬ ،
 »!‫؟‬ ‫ا‬« :‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫سرع‬‫أ‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ُ
‫ا‬  ‫اك‬ ‫وم‬« :‫ا‬   ! ‫أ‬  ‫ض‬  ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ر‬
‫ذ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ 
.» ‫ض‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫سون‬ ‫س‬  ‫اإ‬ ،‫ا‬‫أ‬    ‫سر‬ُ
 ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،»‫ة‬‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ذ‬ « :‫ا‬ ،‫ ًا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ 
  ،‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
]30/06/1380[.‫و‬‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬    ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ا‬  ‫ي‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬
 .‫ا‬‫و‬ِ ‫أ‬     ،‫أ‬  ً ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ً ‫د‬ ،‫و‬
‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  - ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬   ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ - ‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫اإن‬ ،Q‫ري‬‫س‬
‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬
  . ‫ ٌء‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫اف‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ،R‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
.‫سوع‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫�س‬ ‫وط‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬‫س‬ُ ‫د‬  ‫أ‬  ‫س‬
‫اإن‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ،‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫رف‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 ‫د‬
‫ات‬‫سا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬   .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬   ‫و‬‫أ‬ 
   ،‫ا‬‫أ‬    ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬  .Q‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫و‬   ‫أي‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫س‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ،‫�ض‬ ‫�س‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬‫و‬
‫؛‬‫ا‬‫أ‬    ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫س‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ،‫ون‬‫اأ‬  ‫ان‬
ّ  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ ٌة‬ ‫س‬‫س‬ ‫رت‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫رف‬
 
‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة؛‬‫و‬ ‫سدق‬ ‫ة‬
 ‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫اإ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ان‬  . 
‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫؟‬Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
366
‫اأن‬ ،‫س ًا‬‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬ .‫رب‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬ ،‫و‬
‫ق‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬  .P
 ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫رء‬
 ُ ٍ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬  ‫س‬ُ ‫ا‬ ،‫ز‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬
.  ‫ه‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ده‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬
‫ز‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬Q ‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬
.‫ض‬‫ا‬ ُ  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ُ‫س‬ ،‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ٍة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ر‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬  ‫اء‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫ر‬
ِ ُ  ‫و‬ - Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬
 ‫د‬ - ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬   - ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬-   ‫ا‬‫ر‬ 
 ‫أن‬    ‫ة؛‬‫س‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ 
 ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬  . ‫أ‬   ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬   ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ .  ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ً ‫اأ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ . ‫ى‬
‫د‬ ‫اط‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫س‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ا‬ ‫�سو‬ ‫د‬ ،‫رب‬
ٌ ‫ون‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬‫ا‬ ‫؟‬‫ؤ‬‫ا‬
 ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬ ً ‫ز‬‫ر‬ ‫سو‬‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬
‫ ٍة‬  ‫إ‬  ‫رع‬‫ر‬  ،  ‫ض‬‫س‬
.1( ‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫ري‬

ٌ
.‫ات‬‫س‬‫سو‬   ‫ساب‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٍة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬
2(
‫ق‬‫سد‬ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫رت‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫أ‬‫د‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬  ‫أ‬ 
‫ون‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سان؟‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫د‬   ‫ا‬ .ً ‫د‬    ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫و‬ ،‫دي‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫س‬  ‫إ‬ ‫د؟‬‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫د‬‫و‬  ‫د؟‬‫ر‬‫س‬ 
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ،»‫ا‬ ‫سو‬‫أ‬« ‫د‬  ‫اب‬ ‫سا‬ ،»« ‫ـ‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ،‫ي‬‫ر‬  ‫وب‬  ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬
.329 ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫و‬ ،‫ري‬ ‫ر‬ ‫رن‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رن‬  ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ 
‫رن‬  ‫ة‬‫س ــ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬  ،»‫ق‬‫س ــد‬ ‫س ــ‬« ‫ـ‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬    ‫د‬ ‫ ــر‬ ‫ ــو‬‫أ‬
‫ذي‬ » ‫�س ــره‬  « ‫ض‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ه‬‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫ة‬  . ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬ 306 ‫ة‬‫س ــ‬  ‫د‬ُ .‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ر‬ 381 ‫ام‬ ‫ ــ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫سـ ـاأن‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س ــ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫اب‬ ‫ ــو‬
.‫ري‬
1(
2(
367
Q
‫عسةري‬
‫ا‬ Q‫ي‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫م‬
 ‫ا‬ ،1(» ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ً‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ه‬ « :‫ساأ‬  ‫ذي‬ 
 .2(‫س‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ات‬ 
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫اإن‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫دي‬‫ر‬‫س‬
‫س‬ ‫س‬

‫ء‬‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ذه‬      ،‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬
‫سا‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫د‬ ‫؛‬R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سا‬
 ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫دث‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ري‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫ز‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�سون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫إ‬  ،‫اء‬  ‫ري‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬

     ‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬  .‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬   ، ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ذي‬  
‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫وق‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ُ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ات؟‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫ ٍة‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ٌ  ‫ذ‬   ‫ت؟‬‫سا‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬  ،Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬
.‫ة‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬
،R‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬‫س‬ L‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫د‬
   - ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬   ، ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
 )‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬(‫أ‬
ُ     ٌ ‫سر‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ ٌة‬‫س‬‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬ 
‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫ساء‬‫ؤ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ 
 ‫أن‬ - ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬ ‫وؤ‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬   ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ا‬
.‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬   ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫سر‬  ،‫ذ‬
‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ون‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬  .‫سة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سوم‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫رن‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ ري‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬ُ ،‫دي‬‫ر‬‫س ــ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س ــ‬  ‫د‬
.‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫رن‬ ‫أ‬
 ‫س ــ‬   ‫وه‬‫و‬  ،»‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬« ‫ ــ‬ ،»‫س ــ‬ ‫س ــ‬« ‫ـ‬ ‫و‬‫س ــ‬ ‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬  ‫ ــد‬
 ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬   ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬  ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫رن‬  ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬
1(
2(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
368
‫أ‬‫ر‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ون‬‫د‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ى‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬

 ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ره‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ات‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬
‫س‬  ‫وه‬ ،‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  Q‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�سر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
‫ـ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 42 ‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬
ٍ  ‫اب‬‫س‬
‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ ٌ     ،‫ة‬‫س‬ 28
‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬  .‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ ،‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫سو‬ .‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫اع‬‫س‬
]20/02/1382[.‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬   ‫أ‬
   ‫س‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬   ‫دت‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬
ٍ ‫أي‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ 
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫�سر‬   ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬  ُ   ‫ض‬‫س‬  ،‫ب‬‫و‬  ‫ء‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ .L‫ري‬‫س‬
‫ا‬  ‫�سر‬ُ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ً  - Q‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ Q‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ٌ  -  ُ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬
‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬   ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ 
 ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫اط‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ ٍو‬ Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ ٍو‬ Q
‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ 
‫سان‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  .Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  
]18/05/1384[.‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬  ً ‫د‬  ‫ ٌر‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫اأ‬  ‫ان‬
‫رم‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ 
  ‫ذ‬ ‫أي‬ - ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 250 ‫ـ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫إن‬
 ‫ذ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ - ‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ P
،‫و‬ ‫وب‬ ‫�سر‬‫س‬  ‫و‬ ‫إن‬ ، ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ري‬
،

‫ذ‬    ‫أ‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬  
ٍ  ‫ ٌء‬‫سو‬ ‫سر‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ 
]30/05/1383[.‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫صر‬ ‫بع‬‫ر‬ ‫ف�ص‬
|‫ي‬‫م ا‬‫ا‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬ 250 ‫ر‬ ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ❊
.‫ي‬‫د‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬ ❊
.|‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ا‬‫سوؤ‬ ❊
 250 ‫ر‬ ‫سا‬‫ إ‬‫ حر‬‫غا‬
‫ة‬‫و‬‫ ا‬‫ة وع‬‫ش‬‫ا‬
‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  .‫س‬  ‫اق‬   ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬
 ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ .‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬
  ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬
  ‫د‬ُ    ،‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ٍ ُ  ‫س‬ ‫ ٍو‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬
‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬ ‫و‬ُ ، ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫د‬
‫ا‬‫أ‬   ،‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬ 
[29/06/1384].‫د‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سو‬ ‫إن‬
‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫�ض‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬

 ‫اإ‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫دي‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ة‬ .‫و‬‫و‬

 ‫ون‬  ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ون‬‫ر‬  ، ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬
‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ٌ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  
 .‫و‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫اآ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ، ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫سا ٌن‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ،ٌ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫إ‬ .‫ة‬  ‫سو‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫�ض‬  ‫ز‬ ‫د‬‫س‬
 
. ‫ض‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫د‬  ‫م‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ٌأب‬  ،  ‫س‬‫ا‬

ٍ ‫ض‬‫س‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سو‬  ‫ذه‬
 ‫و‬   ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ون‬  ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬
.‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬    
ٍ ‫أي‬ 
ٍ ‫أي‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬  
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
372
،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سد‬   ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ 
،‫ل‬ ‫ة‬
 ‫و‬ ، ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬ 
- ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،‫ا‬‫ر‬   ‫ض‬‫سا‬  - ‫ة‬‫سا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬
.‫ة‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫سا‬  ‫د‬‫د‬  ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬‫سا‬ ‫أ‬
،‫م‬‫س‬ ‫س‬  ‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫س‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ك‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
ٌ
‫ل‬  ‫د‬ ،‫ز‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ه‬‫د‬   ، ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬
،‫ا‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬  ‫ ٌد‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ . ‫ا‬ ،ً ‫و‬ ً ‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سو‬  ‫ذه‬ .‫سو‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
[27/05/1387] ‫ة‬
  ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ساأن‬
:‫ا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ساأن‬ ٌ‫ات‬ ‫اك‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬  ‫�سر‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ى‬‫أ‬
‫ا‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬
:‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫م‬‫آ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ،»  ‫أ‬ �« : ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫اء‬  ‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ر‬
‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫؛‬P‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫أي‬ ،»‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ا‬  ‫أن‬«
،‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  
 ‫ذ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫�س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
،‫س‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫د‬  ‫ت‬‫و‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬
‫ت‬‫و‬‫د‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اج‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬‫ا‬ .‫ان‬‫ز‬  
‫أي‬    ‫و‬ 
ٍ
‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬  ،‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اق‬
ٍ ‫اج‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ُ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫إ‬
.‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رب‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫اإن‬
‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ري‬
‫دم‬    ‫وم‬ ‫سري‬
 ‫ك‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬


  ‫ك‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬     - ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬
،‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ ،‫ذه‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬ - ‫ذ‬  ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ت‬‫سر‬  ‫سر‬
373
|‫قي‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
.‫اء‬‫أ‬ ُ‫ات‬  ،‫وم‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫اظ‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ،‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
‫د‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أي‬‫ر‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫د‬  ،‫ز‬  
 ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬‫ر‬ُ ،‫و‬ ‫سا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬
‫س‬   ‫ون‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ . ‫د‬ ً  ‫و‬  ‫ر‬
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ض‬‫د‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ،‫وم‬
‫ل‬  ‫ا‬  ‫م‬« :‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ر‬   ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
،‫سى‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ،ً ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫وم‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ .»‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
  
‫ا‬ 
 ‫و‬ ‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ،‫سى‬ ‫و‬
‫ده‬ ،‫ ًا‬  ‫و‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ل‬ ‫ة‬  ‫�سر‬ ‫و‬ 
  ‫ف‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ ًا‬  ‫و‬
.‫ة‬  ‫ ٌة‬  ‫ذه‬ .‫د‬  ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬
‫رج‬‫ ا‬ ‫ ا‬‫ا‬
‫و ٌم‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ .‫رج‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫اب‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬
‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ .ً ‫د‬  ٌ ‫س‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ‫؛‬‫ا‬

،‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫وق‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ُ ‫أن‬   .‫ذ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬  ‫أن‬  
‫أن‬ ُ ‫أن‬   ،‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬   ‫اف‬
ٌ
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ـ‬1(»‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬« - ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ٌ ‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ .‫اأ‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ 
‫ات‬‫ذ‬   ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬  ،  ‫ذي‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  
.‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ٌق‬‫سد‬ ‫و‬
.71 ‫ض‬ ،   ‫ر‬ ‫س‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
374
  ،‫ا‬
‫رج‬ ‫ا‬   ،‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬

. ‫س‬  ‫رج‬ ،‫ذ‬  ‫رج‬ . ٌ ‫ا‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ر‬
ٍ   ‫أن‬
 ‫سد‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬‫و‬   ‫أ‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬     ‫س‬‫ا‬
‫ض‬ ُ  ‫ض‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬     ‫أ‬ ،ُ ‫أن‬   ‫ا‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫اف‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ، ‫ ًا؛‬‫س‬  ‫أن‬   ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬
،‫رج‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬
‫اك‬ ،‫آن‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫سد‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬     ‫أ‬  ‫ذ‬
‫ض‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫سر‬   ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ا‬    ‫و‬ ‫ر ٌج‬
.‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫و‬
‫ا‬

‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬   ُ  ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫�س‬‫أ‬  ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ُ ،‫ذ‬
‫د‬ ‫وق‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫اه‬‫س‬   .‫ ٌة‬‫ا‬  ٌ 
‫اع‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ٌ‫ا‬ ٌ‫وؤ‬  ٌ  ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫دث‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬
ٌ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬   ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ .‫ت‬‫ا‬    ٌ ‫د‬  ‫ر ٌك‬  ‫ساط‬
‫ة }ﯤﯥﯦﯧﯨ‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫آ‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫و‬  ‫و‬
‫ }ﮯ‬‫أ‬ 1({ ‫ﯩﯪﯫﯬﯭﯮﯯ‬
  ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ 2({‫ﮰﮱﯓﯔﯕﯖ ﯗﯘﯙﯚ‬
.‫ات‬‫أ‬  
ٍ ‫أي‬   ‫رج‬  ُ‫أ‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬‫اأ‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫ر‬   ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬
‫رج‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ذ‬

‫ر‬‫ا‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ض‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬‫س‬  .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
ٌ
‫ا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ط‬‫سر‬
‫و‬ ‫؛‬ ‫س‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫رج‬
[29/06/1384].‫رك‬
  ‫اع‬‫د‬ ‫س‬   ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ ًا‬  ً ‫ا‬
 ‫د‬ ‫سر‬ ٍ ‫د‬ ‫د‬ٍ ‫ء‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ .‫رج‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
.5 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫سو‬
.128 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ف‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬
1(
2(
375
|‫قي‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬   ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫و‬  ‫ة‬‫ز‬
.‫ة‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬  ‫و‬ 
 ‫س‬‫أ‬   ‫ذي‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ، ‫س‬ ‫ع‬
ٍ  ‫أي‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬
ٍ ‫سان‬‫إ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ .‫سة‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬  ‫رق‬‫س‬  ،‫ره‬

‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬   ‫اإ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ر‬ ‫سر‬
،‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫س‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اع‬ ‫دم‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬ .‫ا‬
‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬   ‫س‬  ‫وب؛‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سو‬‫و‬ ‫أ‬  ‫س‬ ‫و‬
‫س‬  ‫ة‬
 ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ 
 ‫د‬ ‫ى‬   ‫سوف‬ ‫وب‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
.)‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ل‬ 

  ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬( ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫سا‬ ،‫دي‬
‫د‬‫ا‬ ،‫سر‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬  ‫أن‬ 
ٍ
،‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬    ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬   .‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ 
‫س‬  ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ ٌر‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫س‬    ‫ح‬‫س‬‫إ‬
ٍ  ‫أي‬  ‫�ض‬ 
.ً ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬
‫ ٍة‬ ‫و‬ ٍ ‫د‬ ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ٍ ‫ء‬  ‫د‬    ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫أ‬  ، ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫�ساء‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ٍة‬ ‫إ‬
‫سر‬  ‫د؛‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫م‬‫د‬‫إ‬
ٍ    .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫إ‬  .‫ ل‬ ً ‫ا‬
.‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬ .‫ى‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫دف‬  ‫و‬ ً ‫و‬   ‫ة‬‫د‬
‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ٌ ‫و‬ ٌ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ .‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ ٌة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
[27/05/1387] .‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .
ٌ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ ٌة‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬‫س‬
  ‫ائص‬‫خ‬
،‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫اأ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫د‬
 ‫إن‬

‫اء‬‫أ‬   ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬  ‫و‬
‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬   ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫ا‬
‫سا‬‫إ‬

   ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫و‬‫ا‬
 ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫س‬
‫اأ‬ ،‫سا‬
‫سر‬ 
ٍ‫اء‬  .‫و‬‫و‬ ‫دي‬

ٌ
 ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬
ٍ
‫س‬ ‫ده‬  ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫اأ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ك‬‫سو‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ض‬‫أ‬
ٌ
‫ذ‬ ،‫ان‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�س‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫اأ‬  ،‫ض‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
ٌ
‫ذ‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
ٌ
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫ون‬ ‫إ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬
‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬

‫و‬ ً ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫سر‬  ‫و‬‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ،‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫د‬ ً ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫سر‬
 ‫اء‬‫أ‬   ‫د‬ .‫ا‬
‫دف‬ ‫ك‬ ‫ا‬
 ‫ك‬ ‫و‬


‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ل‬ ‫س‬  ‫د‬
ٍ ‫أي‬  ‫س‬
ً ‫و‬  ‫دم‬   ‫د‬
ٍ   ،‫سا‬ ‫و‬‫اأ‬ ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ً 
. ‫ذ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬   ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬
‫دف‬ ‫سد‬ ‫و‬

‫�س‬ ‫د‬  ‫اأ‬  ‫اك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬
.‫دف‬   ‫ذ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ر‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًة‬‫سا‬  ‫دم‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ذ‬
‫اأ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ،‫إ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫ث‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ 

.‫إ‬
    ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬
     ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬ .  ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ً  ‫دث‬ ‫أ‬
377
|‫قي‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
 ‫ض‬‫سا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬‫اإ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫و‬ُ ‫ذي‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫اء‬‫د‬ .

»‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ز‬  ‫أ‬« :‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .  ‫ض‬‫سا‬
  ‫ل‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ء‬‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫ون‬ ٌ  ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ ،ً 
،‫ء‬‫أ‬
‫د‬ ُ  ‫أ‬« .‫ذ‬ ‫ون‬    ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬
‫د‬   ‫ى‬‫ر‬ُ  ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ُ  ‫ذ‬  ،»‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ .‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬   ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬   
 ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫و‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سو‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫سا‬‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬
،‫س‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ،‫ا‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬  ‫ات‬‫آ‬
.‫ض‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ ‫وب‬‫ا‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫اء‬ ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ 
‫ض؛‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬   ، ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫إن‬
 ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬   .‫ان‬  ‫ذ‬   ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬ ،ً  ‫أ‬

 ‫ان‬  ‫ون‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ذ‬
ٍ ‫أي‬  ، ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ 
‫ا‬   ‫ات‬  ‫ى‬  ،‫س‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬  ‫ون‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫و‬
‫ا‬
‫أ‬ ‫ي‬‫سا‬


 ‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬

ٍ ‫أي‬  ‫ون‬  .‫ا‬     ،‫ون‬‫س‬
  ‫ة‬  ‫ات‬   ‫ع‬  .   ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫وع‬
ٍ ‫أي‬  ‫أ‬
.‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫سو‬  ‫ذه‬ .‫ة‬  ‫س‬ ‫سا‬ ‫دم‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬
‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬
 ‫ض‬‫سا‬  ‫إن‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬

‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ،‫سري‬
‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬

‫د‬  ،‫سر‬ 
   .‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ف‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬
  

  ‫اك‬ .‫ا‬
‫ري‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ر‬‫ ٍأ‬ ‫أي‬  ،‫ا‬   

 ،‫ ًا‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
378
.1(»...‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬...« ،‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬  ،
‫ا‬  ‫ض‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫اأن‬ ،‫سر‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬  ‫اء‬ ‫د‬
 ‫؟‬  ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫رج‬‫س‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ 
،‫ر‬‫أ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اع‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬  ‫سا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ساء‬ ، ‫اء‬‫أ‬  
‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬     ‫اإ‬ ، ‫و‬   ،‫ض‬‫ر‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ . ‫س‬‫اأ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫آن‬‫ر‬    .‫د‬ 
‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ - ً ‫ا‬ ‫سا ًء‬ -   ‫ون‬ 
ٍ
،‫ ًا‬ ‫و‬  ‫ذ‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬  ،‫إ‬
  ‫اب‬  ‫اط‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ 
‫ات‬  ‫ات‬ ‫ذه‬   .‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ى‬ 
.   ‫ر‬‫ ٍأ‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  ، ‫ر‬ 
  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ - ‫ي‬‫د‬
 - ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬

‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬   ‫ة‬ ‫و‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ 
‫ذه‬   .‫سر‬  ‫د‬‫س‬  ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ٍ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ى‬  ‫اث‬
ٍ
 ‫ة‬  ‫ات‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
،‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫أن‬    ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬   ،‫ة‬
‫ر‬    ‫ات‬‫ا‬  ،‫د‬ ‫س‬ُ    ‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  
‫ر‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬ ،ً  .‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬
‫و‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬  ،‫ا‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫سر‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬
 ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬   .‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫س‬‫ا‬
.‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫رج‬‫س‬ُ ‫سوف‬ ، ‫ذ‬   ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫و‬ ‫أن‬  ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سو‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ًة‬
‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ان‬    .‫ق‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫و‬
]06/04/1359[.‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫د‬ 
.‫م‬‫آ‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬   .23‫ض‬ ،1‫ ج‬،‫ة‬ 
1(
379
|‫قي‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫و‬ُ ،‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٌد‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ٌ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬« :‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ٍة‬ 
 ‫ا‬  ،1(»‫رب‬ ‫رق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫غ‬ ،‫و‬  ‫ر‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ 
  . ‫ ًة‬‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ز‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬   ‫أن‬
‫ة‬‫و‬‫س‬  ،‫ه‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ 
 ‫ان‬  ‫ ٌة‬‫ا‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ،‫ز‬
‫سر‬ ،»‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ ٌد‬ ‫وؤ‬« .‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬   ‫أن‬   ‫ة‬ ‫و‬
.‫د‬ ‫�سة‬  ‫ده‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ،»‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬ُ « .‫ده‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ل‬
.‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سرق‬ ‫س‬  ‫و‬  ‫ر‬
‫ذه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ،2(»‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬
‫ى‬ « ،‫و‬ 
ٌ
ٍ ‫د‬  ‫د‬
 ‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬   ،‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ُ ‫سوف‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
‫ر؛‬ ُ‫س‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬  ‫ ٍة‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ى‬  ‫ا‬ ‫اط‬    .‫ا‬‫�س‬‫س‬
‫ة‬ ‫اك‬ . ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫دي‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ٌء‬‫سو‬
‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ى‬« :‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬‫س‬ ‫س‬  ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ،3(»  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬‫اأ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫اءت‬
 .‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬  ‫سا‬ ‫ق‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫سر‬
‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬ ‫س‬
ٍ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ض‬‫ر‬   ‫س‬  ‫سر‬
 ‫ام‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ ٌة‬ ‫ة‬ 
‫ ًا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬

‫سر‬ ‫أن‬  ،  ٍ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬
ٍ ‫أي‬  ‫د‬‫و‬  .‫ان‬‫ز‬   ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬  ‫ذه‬   ‫س‬ ‫سري‬
‫ض‬‫ر‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬   ‫ون‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬

،‫ا‬   ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬ ‫إ‬« :‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ٍة‬  ‫د‬‫و‬ .‫ة‬ ‫سا‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬  ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬  ،4(»‫ا‬ 
.331 ‫ض‬ ،1 ‫ ج‬،‫ة‬ ‫ام‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
.‫ ن‬.‫م‬
.121 ‫ض‬ ،5 ‫ ج‬،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫سا‬
.1012 ‫ض‬ ،23 ‫ ج‬،‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ر‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
3(
4(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
380
‫وب‬‫س‬ ‫وب‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬
‫رم‬  ،‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬

‫وم‬  ‫س‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ .‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫سوف‬
‫أ‬ ‫س ًا‬‫أ‬  ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ .‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫س‬
‫اك‬   ‫و‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫س‬
‫ ًة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ًة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ًة‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ًء‬‫ر‬‫س‬
ٍ
‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫س‬ ‫ج‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ذ‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ 
‫ان‬‫س‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫ان‬ .  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫س‬

‫ة‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫سو‬  ،‫وم‬ .
‫وب‬‫س‬    ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬   ،‫ة‬
‫ض‬‫ا‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ُ‫أ‬   ،‫ا‬   ‫و‬   ‫ ًة‬‫س‬
‫ى‬ ‫�س‬ ‫سر‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ساط‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ .‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ع‬‫و‬‫أ‬  
.‫ض‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫سوف‬ ‫و‬ُ ‫سوف‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬
‫ى‬ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫وي‬ «:‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫سا‬‫س‬‫و‬‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ٍة‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اج‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ى‬   ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ،1(»‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ً‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬ 
،‫ء‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬  ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر؛‬ ‫أي‬ ‫اك‬ ‫ى‬   ‫أ‬
 ‫�ض‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫دن‬  ‫ ًا‬‫سا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬ .‫و‬

‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬    ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬‫س‬    ‫إن‬ . ،‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ‫اك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬   ،
‫سوف‬ ،‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬    ‫أن‬ ‫ ًا‬  ‫سو ٌم‬ ‫إ‬
  ‫د‬‫اأ‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬
]21/01/1366[.‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫ذه‬ .‫ ًا‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ 
.390 ‫ض‬ ،52 ‫ ج‬،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
|‫ما‬ ‫ر غي‬  ‫ا‬‫ي‬‫مسؤ‬
    ‫إن‬ ‫د‬‫اأ‬‫ا‬ - ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫د‬‫و‬  ‫ذي‬   .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫س‬‫سو‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫سوف‬ -  ‫و‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ن؛‬‫د‬ ‫ان‬  ‫ ٍة‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ى؛‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬
 ‫سان؛‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ون‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫�سا‬  ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬  
 ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫و‬  ‫ون‬ ‫ذي‬   ‫ة‬‫ا‬
 ‫ك‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫ذ‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ .ً ‫و‬ ً ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫س‬
،‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫و‬ ،‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬ 

‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫ض‬‫ا‬   ‫ض‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬ ‫اء‬‫س‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫آن‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ذي‬ 
.‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫اإ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫أن‬  ‫أن‬  ،ً  ‫أ‬ .‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫؟‬‫ذ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ا‬ ، ٌ‫س‬
،ً ‫و‬ ‫رب‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ، ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ 
 ‫و‬
‫ام‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫رب‬ ‫أن‬  ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬
‫دم‬  ‫أن‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ً ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫رب‬  ،‫و‬ ‫ذه‬
‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ،ً  ‫أ‬ ‫)؟‬( .‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬  ً ‫و‬  ً ‫و‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬  ‫و‬‫س‬‫و‬
 ‫أن‬
‫ذ‬   ‫د‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ٌ ‫س‬  ،‫ ًا‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ،‫ا‬   ‫ه‬‫سر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ - ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬  ‫س‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
382
‫ض‬  ‫اإ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬‫أ‬   ،‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫اق‬‫آ‬
.‫سر‬ ‫ة‬
 ‫ر‬‫أ‬ 
 ‫و‬  ‫رب‬  ‫د‬‫سا‬‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫ى‬  ‫ا‬
‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ب‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬

‫اإن‬ ،‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬  ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫اأ‬ .‫ا‬‫ز‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬
‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ،ً  ‫ا‬ُ ‫اأن‬ ‫د‬ ٌ ‫ا‬  ‫ض‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫ب‬‫ر‬
‫ذه‬  ،‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ث‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ ًة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫س‬
‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬ ، ،‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ذ‬‫د‬
ٍ ‫ى‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬
،ً  ‫ا‬ ‫رب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫سرق‬ ‫اه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اظ‬
‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫إن‬ ، .‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫سر‬ 
 ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ َر‬ ،‫وب‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬
‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ان‬
‫و‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ 
ٍ     ‫أ‬ ‫أي‬ ، ‫وي‬ ‫ب‬‫ر‬
ٌ
،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬   
.‫ر‬‫س‬  ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬
-    ،‫ر‬  ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫و‬  ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫و‬
‫رب‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫د‬ ‫ق‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫و‬ - ‫ي‬‫و‬
 ‫ذ‬

 ‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ 
 ‫و‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬  ،‫ل‬  ‫وي‬
،‫د‬   ‫اظ‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫ز‬ ‫أن‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سو‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫رب‬‫أ‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫و‬  ‫اإ‬ ‫س‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رب‬  ‫أن‬ ‫س‬  .‫سر‬ 
 ‫و‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬
‫س‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ 
 ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ً ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
.‫ ٌد‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫؛‬
‫ ٍة‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ى‬‫اإ‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫رق‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬
‫سو‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ . ‫اأ‬‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫رك‬  ‫أن‬ 
.‫ات‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ر‬   ً  ً ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬
383
|‫قي‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
‫اه‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫و‬
 ‫أن‬  .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ات‬‫د‬   ‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬  
‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ده‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫إ‬ ،ً    ‫س ًا‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ى‬  .‫ات‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫ر‬
،ً  ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ ًا‬‫ا‬
  ‫ة‬‫ا‬ .‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫د‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬ 
 ‫وؤ‬ ‫أن‬ ً ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  .‫ا‬‫ر‬   ‫ض‬‫سا‬  ‫ي‬‫د‬
‫ا‬


‫زم‬
ٍ ‫رك‬    ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬  .‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫د‬ 
‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫و‬
  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬  .‫ض‬‫س‬ ‫أي‬   ‫ان‬ 
ٍ ‫أي‬  ،‫ده‬ ‫س‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ ‫أي‬    ،‫ا‬  .‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬
‫ة‬‫و‬    ‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬   .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫رق‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫ر‬  ‫إ‬  ‫ر‬
.‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫سر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬

‫ة‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫سا‬‫س‬‫ؤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ت‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬   ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ 
‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رب‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫إ‬ 
.‫سر‬ 
  ‫ذه‬ .‫وم‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ة‬
‫ان‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫سوق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫اء‬  ‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫رك‬  ‫أن‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ . ‫�س‬    ‫ز‬ ‫اق‬ 
 ‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫ء‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ .‫دم‬  ‫اه‬
‫ل‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬‫س‬ ‫سر‬ 
  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رب‬  ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
‫وي‬

 ‫ي‬‫د‬،‫س‬

]06/04/1359[.‫ ًا‬‫ر‬‫ده‬‫ز‬ ‫دي‬‫و‬
‫ض‬‫اأ‬ ‫ز‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ ٌة‬ ‫ر‬‫آ‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬ ‫اك‬
‫اك‬ ،‫ ًا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ . ‫ ٌر‬ ‫وؤ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬  ،‫وب‬‫س‬ ‫وب‬  ‫اط‬‫إ‬
‫ون‬‫سا‬ ،‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ر‬  ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ع‬ ‫د‬ ‫ض‬   ٌ ‫ر‬‫أ‬

،‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫سا‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ام‬‫أ‬ ‫ض‬‫اأ‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
384
‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫م‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬
ٍ    ‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫ساء‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ذه‬  ،‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ى‬
‫ا‬‫س‬  ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫؟‬‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫و‬
‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سر‬   ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫دي‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬  . ‫ر‬ ‫ ٌر‬‫أ‬

‫سان‬‫إ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬   ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ 
  ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ، ، ‫و‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬  .‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫س‬ ‫سوف‬  ‫س‬ ‫�س‬ ‫أن‬ 
 .1(‫س ًا‬‫ا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫و‬  ‫ ًا‬‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
- ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬ ‫س ًة‬‫ا‬
 - ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬ ‫وب‬  ‫د‬ُ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ذه‬
‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ ‫أي‬    ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ساط‬  ‫ ًة‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سوف‬
.‫ة‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ،‫�سا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬ 
 ‫س‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫م‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ ٌة‬ ‫د‬‫و‬
‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫ر‬ ،‫ض‬‫ا‬  
‫ل‬ 
‫ام‬  ً ‫ر‬ ً ‫د‬ ‫ون‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ر ٍك‬  ‫أي‬ ‫أن‬

 ‫دي‬

‫ى‬ ً ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬ ‫أ‬ُ ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫اأن‬ ‫ون‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ،‫سر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬
‫ون‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫ر‬   ‫اإ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬   ‫ا‬ ،‫دي‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫اأ‬

‫ة‬ .‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫أن‬
،‫دي‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ساأن‬ ‫ت‬   ‫ات‬‫ر‬   ‫أن‬  ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫و‬

ً‫ا‬ ُ ‫ا‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ً‫ا‬ ‫س‬‫أ‬  ‫ل‬ ‫أ‬« :‫ذ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫اإن‬
ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬« ‫د‬‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ،2(»ً‫و‬
 ‫د‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬  ،‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ات‬‫ا‬ .»ً‫و‬ ً‫ا‬
.)‫ر‬( ‫ن‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫سد‬
.341 ‫ض‬ ،1 ‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
1(
2(
385
|‫قي‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
،»‫و‬ ً‫ا‬ ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬« ،‫ة‬ ‫ان‬
ٍ ‫أي‬   ‫د‬‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ب‬‫و‬‫أ‬
‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ء‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ ،»‫و‬ ً‫ا‬ ُ ‫ا‬« ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬   
،‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ُ ‫أن‬ ‫د‬ ً ‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬  ‫دي‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬ ‫س‬
 ،‫د‬ ‫ان‬ ‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
 ‫ض‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬  ‫أ‬  ،
ٍ
،‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫د‬  ‫ ٌء‬‫سو‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ُ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ 
     ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬ ‫أ‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫سو‬  ‫أ‬
‫ن‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ء‬‫سو‬ ‫س‬    ‫ا‬ ‫اأ‬  ‫ح‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬
‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ َر‬   ‫أ‬ 
،‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫آ‬     ‫ا‬  ‫ ًا‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإ‬ ،‫وم‬ ‫ذ‬ 
  ‫ان‬
ٍ ‫أي‬  ‫ون‬  ‫اك‬ .‫س‬‫ا‬   ‫ان‬
ٍ ‫أي‬   ‫ون‬ 
‫م‬‫آ‬ ،‫د‬  ‫س‬ ‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫و‬  ‫اأ‬  ‫سر‬  ‫ون‬ ‫أ‬
‫ان‬ ‫د‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أي‬ .‫سري‬
‫ز‬

]21/01/1366[.‫د‬ ‫ة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬  ‫سوف‬ ،‫ام‬‫أ‬  ‫وم‬

ٍ  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ 
 ،‫س‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ض‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬  ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ .‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،  ‫رع‬ ‫س‬‫س‬
‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ،‫ا‬  ‫آن‬ ٌ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬  ‫اأ‬ .‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬
‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ن‬‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وه‬  ‫ذي‬  ‫دم‬ 
‫ا‬  ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ .‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ،‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
.‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫رج‬
.‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫سد‬ ‫�سا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اإن‬ ،‫وم‬
 ‫إن‬ .‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬ُ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫إن‬ ‫وم‬‫ا‬
‫وم‬ .‫ر‬ ٌ ‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ،‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫وم‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ذب‬ 
‫ة‬‫د‬  ‫ات‬‫سر‬ ‫�س‬  ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
386
ٌ ‫د‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫؛‬‫ر‬‫س‬   ‫س‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
ٍ  
ٍ ‫س‬
 ،‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫�س‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
 ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫سر‬ ‫ي‬  ،‫سو‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫آ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫س‬  ،‫ذ‬ 
ٍ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬   ‫د‬ ،‫سري‬ ‫ز‬ 
ٍ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬
.‫ة‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬ ،‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫اأن‬  ‫ء‬‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫و‬
 ‫ت‬‫�س‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫�سا‬ ‫ذه‬   ‫رج‬‫ا‬
‫و‬‫س‬‫و‬
 .‫د‬ُ  ‫ذه‬ 
   ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫د‬   ،‫ؤ‬ 
.‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬‫د‬   ‫رج‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬
 ‫ة‬
‫س‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬

‫س‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬
‫رج‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫و‬

‫س‬‫س‬   ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫دي‬
‫و‬ 

،‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬  ‫أن‬ ،‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذه‬       ‫ا‬
‫ل‬  ‫سر‬ 
 ‫اء‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫رب‬   ‫إن‬ .‫رج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬
 ،‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ،‫اب‬‫س‬ُ  ‫سر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬‫ا‬
‫سى‬ ‫أن‬   . ً ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫رف‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬
 « ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ،‫و‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ 
 ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫ا‬ .‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
.‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫�سر‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اق‬‫أ‬  1(»‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ ٍة‬  ‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬
 ‫رك‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫دي‬
‫ا‬  ‫أ‬ 

‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ٍ ‫و‬   ‫إن‬ .‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬
‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬

]29/03/1360[.‫دي‬
.424 ‫ض‬ ،3 ‫ ج‬،‫اح‬ ‫اء‬ ،‫ا‬
1(
387
|‫قي‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
|‫م ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫رو‬‫ة ا‬‫ة ا‬5w4q
 ‫ذ‬  ‫ ًا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫رك‬  ‫د‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬  ،
‫و‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ُ ‫د‬ .‫ات‬ ‫ى‬ ‫إ‬
  ‫ون‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬
.‫اء‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬‫س‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬  ‫م‬‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬
ٍ ‫د‬ ‫سر‬‫إ‬  ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫د‬ ‫أ‬ ‫وم‬
]18/02/1360[ .L 
 ‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫ان‬  ‫سة‬‫ر‬ ‫ذه‬
 ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ،‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬‫إ‬ ‫س‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وه‬‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬ ‫إن‬
 ‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ،‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬‫ر‬ 
‫وم‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬ 
،‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫وه‬ ‫رك‬  ‫س‬‫إ‬
 ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬   ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫وب‬‫س‬

‫ذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫و‬ 1({ ‫ }ﯙﯚ‬:‫ى‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ .‫ ًا‬‫س‬ ‫ ًا‬‫س‬
‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫س‬  ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫أن‬  ‫س‬  ،‫ا‬ ‫اج‬ ‫و‬
]02/12/1389[.‫ل‬ ‫ساء‬ ‫إن‬ ،ً ‫د‬ ‫ون‬  ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫إ‬
‫ا‬ ‫اط‬ ‫�سر‬   ‫ا‬ ،‫ام‬  ‫د‬ ‫ ًة‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬
.‫ا‬  ‫د‬
ٍ   ‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬ ،‫سوم‬ ‫ل‬ 

  ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫اإ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وي‬
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ري‬
 ‫ا‬‫إ‬  ‫د‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫أن‬   ‫ة‬ ‫�س‬

‫سر‬  ‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ض‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫س‬
 ‫و‬ ‫ذي‬  ،‫سوم‬ ‫ك‬‫ذ‬ .‫ة‬‫ر‬
،‫آن‬‫ر‬ ‫أ‬‫ر‬ ،‫و‬‫د‬ ،ٌ ‫و‬‫و‬  ‫إ‬ .   ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ان‬
ٍ 
‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫و‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ر‬  ‫إ‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫و‬  
.‫ر‬   ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ،
ٌ ‫و‬  .‫سر‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬
 ٌ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬

 ‫ا‬ ‫وي‬  ‫أن‬  ،‫وم‬ ٌ ‫و‬‫و‬ ،‫ل‬ ‫اه‬‫س‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫إن‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬ ،‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ 
‫سان‬‫إ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ده‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ ًا‬‫و‬
 ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫سا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذي‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬
.128 :‫ة‬‫آ‬ ،‫ف‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬
1(
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
388
‫سر‬ ‫و‬
ٍ    .‫ل‬ ‫ساء‬ ‫إن‬ 
 ‫ا‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬
 ‫س‬‫و‬
‫�س ًة‬‫ر‬ ‫ ًا‬ ،‫إ‬ ‫و‬
 ، ‫س‬ ، ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ، ‫ا‬
1(
» ‫و‬   « ‫ف‬‫ر‬ ‫اء‬‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬‫د‬
‫ ًا‬    ٌ‫ت‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ،‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬  ‫د‬ ُ ‫ذي‬ 
‫ ٌد‬ ‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ،‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ري‬ ‫د‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫سا‬‫إ‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫إن‬ .‫�س ًا‬‫أ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫اج‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬‫و‬‫س‬
‫ا‬  


‫س‬‫و‬
‫و‬‫ا‬
‫ات‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ى‬ ‫ون‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬  ‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬


‫ون‬‫ر‬  ‫ر‬ ‫و‬ ‫سوق‬ ‫اء‬ .‫ون‬‫اء‬ ‫ون‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫اإ‬
 ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ،‫إ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ر‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ذ‬  ،‫إ‬ ‫و‬
]21/01/1366[.ً ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫ون‬ ‫أن‬  ‫ام‬‫إ‬   
‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫ا‬ !‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬ ‫وب‬ ‫و‬‫و‬ ‫دي‬
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ !‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬

‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫إن‬ !‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬‫و‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬   ‫ث‬ ‫ا‬ !‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫اء‬‫أ‬
‫سا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ .‫ه‬‫و‬  ‫ا‬   ‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫رك‬‫ذ‬ 
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
  ‫ر‬ ‫إ‬
     ‫ذي‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ !‫ل‬
‫د‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ ‫اج‬ ،‫و‬ ‫ذه‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫سا‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬ ‫س‬‫د‬  
‫أن‬ 
 ‫ ٌز‬‫ز‬« .‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫د‬‫سا‬  ُ   ‫ة‬ ‫إ‬ ‫د‬
‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫د‬  ‫س‬
 ‫إ‬ ‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ،2(»‫ر‬ُ   ‫أ‬
ٌ
،‫سا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬    ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ذه‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ل‬
.‫ك‬‫�سو‬ ‫�ض‬ ‫ك‬‫د‬  ‫أ‬ ‫ك‬‫ر‬   ‫ل‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫آ‬ ‫ض‬ 
‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ري‬  ‫أن‬  ‫س‬ ‫د‬ ‫آ‬ ‫د‬ !

.‫ ًا‬
.162 ‫ض‬ ،4 ‫ ج‬،‫ا‬
.108 ‫ض‬ ،99 ‫ ج‬،‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫اء‬  ،‫و‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
1(
2(
389
|‫قي‬ ‫ا‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
.‫سر‬ 

 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬ ‫و‬  !
‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫س‬  ‫ن‬‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ذ‬  ‫ء‬‫وؤ‬  !

]06/04/1359[ .‫د‬  ‫�س‬

.‫ا‬  ‫سوم‬  ‫و‬ ‫ض‬‫د‬   ‫ض‬
ِ ،‫د‬  ‫آ‬ ‫د‬  !

. ‫س‬‫و‬
‫و‬
 ‫ا‬


‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫ام‬ 
 ‫ر‬ 
 ‫د‬  ‫آ‬ ‫د‬  ‫ة‬‫ر‬ !
.‫ة‬ ‫إ‬
‫ا‬‫و‬‫أ‬   ‫س‬ ‫ا‬‫أ‬  ‫ا‬ ،‫د‬  ‫آ‬ ‫د‬  !

[21/01/1366] ‫ا‬‫و‬‫أ‬
 ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫س‬‫سا‬‫أ‬ ‫سو‬ ‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ ًا‬‫سر‬ ً ‫ر‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ان‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬  ‫ون‬  ‫وم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬ 250 ‫ة‬ ،‫ة‬‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ R
‫س‬   ‫د‬‫ز‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ى‬‫أ‬ ‫ن‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ون‬‫ا‬
]18/05/1363[.
‫رس‬‫ا‬
5 .......................................................................................................................................... ‫اب‬ ‫ذ‬
7 ................................................................................................................................................ ‫ة‬‫د‬

19 ..............................................................................
P‫ظ‬‫أ‬ 
:‫أ‬ ‫س‬

21 ..................................................................................................................................... ‫د‬
23 ........................................................‫ام‬ ‫د‬‫و‬ ‫اء‬‫إ‬P‫ا‬  ‫ة‬
23 .................................................................................................................. ‫و‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
26 ................................................................................................................ ‫س‬‫ا‬‫س‬ 
27 ...........................................................................................  ‫و‬ ‫ام‬
30 ........................................................................................... ‫و‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ا‬
32 ................................................................................. P ‫ا‬ ‫وك‬‫س‬
 ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
37 ......................................................................................................‫إ‬

37 ............................................................................................. ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ء‬‫د‬‫أ‬
 ‫ام‬ 
50 ...................................................................................................... ‫إ‬

52 ........................................................................................... ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫س‬
55 ......................................................................................... ‫س‬‫إ‬ ‫ام‬ ‫س‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
392
59 ......................................................................................................... ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ :‫ا‬ ‫س‬
61 ..................................................................................................  ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
61 ....................................................................................................... ‫م‬‫س‬‫إ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
65 ........................................................................................................... ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬
68 .....................................................................................‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ر‬
73 ................................................................................ Q ‫ام‬‫إ‬ :‫ث‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬
75 ................................................................................................... Q ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
81 .................................................................................................... ‫ن‬‫ا‬ ‫وت‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
86 ....................................................................................................................... ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
87 ................................................................................‫ة‬‫س‬‫إ‬   ‫ن‬‫ز‬
90 ............................................................................................. Q ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
97 ............................................................................................. ‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫د‬
100........................................................................................................................ ‫ون‬‫س‬‫ا‬
102.............................................................................................................................‫ون‬‫ا‬
103........................................................................................................................... ‫ون‬‫ا‬
104..................................... Q ‫ة‬‫و‬ P ‫ة‬‫و‬  ‫رق‬
109............................................ O‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬ :‫ر‬ ‫س‬
111.................................................................................. O‫ء‬‫ر‬‫ز‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
111...................................................................................................... ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫سا‬
118 ............................................................................‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ O‫ا‬‫ا‬
121.................................................................................. ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ O‫ا‬‫ا‬
393
‫ر‬
125........................................ Q‫ى‬‫ج‬ ‫س‬‫ح‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ :‫ض‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬
127..................................................................................................... ‫خ‬‫ا‬  ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫أ‬
127..................................................................................... ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬
130............................................................................................ ‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫سر‬
131......................................................................................................... ‫س‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬
135.............................................................................................. ‫س‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
136............................................................................................. ‫س‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ض‬‫ر‬
138............................................................................ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫د‬ ‫س‬
140.......................................................................................................... ‫ا‬  ‫ع‬‫ر‬
141...............................................................................‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬‫سا‬
143...............................................................  ‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ ‫سا‬‫أ‬
152.........................................................................................  ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ز‬ ‫اب‬‫س‬‫أ‬
155............................................................. Q‫س‬‫ح‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ :‫ض‬‫سا‬ ‫س‬
157.......................................................................... ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬
157................................................................................... ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫ات‬‫آ‬
162............................................................................. Q ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬
168................................................................................................. ‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ات‬
168........................................................................................... ‫و‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬‫أ‬
171..................................................................................................   ‫و‬
175............................................................................. ‫ة‬‫س‬ ‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
394
177............................... O‫ر‬  ‫د‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ :‫سا‬ ‫س‬
179...........................................................................................O‫ر‬  ‫ة‬
187...................................................... ‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  Q‫ا‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
192............................................................................................... ‫ء‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬
192...............................................................................................‫س‬ ‫ك‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬
195.................................................................................................................... ‫ر‬  ‫ة‬
196......................................................................‫و‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ا‬
198...............................................................  ‫ري‬ ‫اط‬ ‫سر‬
203................................................................... Q‫سجا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ :‫ا‬ ‫س‬

205..................................................................................‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬
215............................................................................ Q‫ا‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ف‬‫د‬‫أ‬
220.......................................... ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬  Q‫ا‬
 ‫ام‬‫إ‬
226..............................................................‫ة‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬  ‫ض‬‫و‬ ‫ر‬‫ذ‬
233........................................... R‫ة‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫د‬ 
240................................................................. ‫ط‬ ‫اء‬  Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
249..................................................................... Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ :‫س‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬
251...............................................................................  ‫ري‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬
251...................................................................................‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
256............................................................................................‫ة‬‫سر‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫اء‬
264...................................................................... ‫ام‬ ‫ى‬‫إ‬ Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬�‫إ‬
270...........................................Q‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬
395
Q‫ر‬  ‫و‬ ‫ا‬‫وأ‬
277................................................................. Q‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ :‫سر‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬
 ‫ذي‬ ‫س‬‫و‬
279.....................................................Q‫ق‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ 
289......................................................................... ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ Q‫ق‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫و‬
295.................................................. Q ‫ق‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
301..................................................... ‫ة‬‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬‫و‬‫د‬‫أ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬  ‫ت‬
302...................................................................... ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬‫س‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
311 ................................................... Q‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ :‫سر‬ ‫ي‬‫حا‬ ‫س‬
313.......................................................... ‫ة‬‫ا‬‫إ‬ Q‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬  ‫و‬ ‫ف‬‫ر‬
317..................................................................... ‫ة‬  ‫وب‬‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
ٍ ‫ن‬ 
322.......................................................... ‫ن‬‫ا‬  ‫ا‬ Q‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
327............................................................................................ Q‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
333............................................................. Q‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫سر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫س‬
335............................................................................... ‫د‬ ‫ة‬ Q‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
342........................................................‫ون‬‫اأ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬ Q‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬
349.............................................................................................. Q‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ام‬‫إ‬ ،Q‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ ،Q‫جو‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ :‫سر‬ ‫ث‬‫ا‬ ‫س‬
353........................................................................................................................... Q‫ري‬‫س‬

355........................................................................... ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ان‬ Q‫و‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬
357....................................... ‫ة‬ L‫ري‬ ‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
365....................................................................... ‫ا‬  ‫ة‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
‫ن‬ 250 ‫ر‬‫ع‬ ‫س‬
369...........................................................
396
|‫دي‬ ‫ام‬‫إ‬ :‫سر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫س‬
371.............................................................................. ‫ة‬ 250 ‫ر‬ ‫ان‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬‫ا‬
371......................................................................................... ‫ة‬‫د‬ ‫د‬ ‫ة‬‫س‬
373........................................................................... ‫رج‬ ‫ا‬  ‫ى‬
376........................................................................................ ‫ي‬‫د‬  ‫س‬‫ا‬
381........................................................................ |‫ام‬‫إ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬  ‫ا‬‫وؤ‬
387....................................................... |‫ان‬‫ز‬ ‫ام‬‫اإ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬‫و‬
279
256
Q
220
Q ‫ي‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬
254
255 252 248 247 232 227
‫ام‬
‫ري‬‫س‬ ‫س‬
‫سد‬ ‫ا‬‫س‬ :‫سد‬
279
260
‫�سد‬
‫د‬
‫دي‬
‫ز‬
‫س‬
‫سر‬
‫و‬
‫و‬
218
Q
‫و‬ ‫ام‬
‫س‬
203
‫ون‬‫اأ‬
198
193
Q
‫سا‬‫ر‬ ‫ام‬
‫أ‬
Q
‫ا‬ ‫ام‬
148
Q ‫ق‬‫سا‬ ‫ام‬
86
95
Q ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ام‬
114
170 169 158 136 132 127 126 126 125 105 102 99 96
183
‫ن‬‫ا‬
‫ي‬‫ا‬
‫دي‬
‫سو‬
‫اح‬‫س‬
‫د‬  ‫ن‬‫ر‬
‫د‬  ‫ر‬
‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬
‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫د‬
 ‫د‬  ‫سام‬
 ‫د‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬
‫ز‬‫ز‬ ‫د‬  ‫ر‬
 ‫د‬  ‫ان‬‫س‬
 ‫د‬  ‫د‬
65
Q
64
‫ا‬‫س‬ ‫ام‬
‫ن‬‫ر‬   ‫د‬
  ‫ن‬‫ر‬
64
Q
‫ام‬
‫س‬
61
‫د‬‫ز‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬
‫ة‬‫ا‬  ‫د‬‫ز‬
60
50
41
Q
‫ام‬
‫س‬
‫ان‬‫س‬ ‫أ‬  ‫ة‬‫ا‬
40