Vdha, Ãgchb. ‘Ha ndvbha bxpbrcgbntah‗. Bh naturahcsgd.
@arebhdna6 ]bnçnsuha6 0==06 ?1-3?.
ebr ehard gc pbnsagcbntd y oarhb bh rcldr ob una vbroao ecbntçicea.
Bh jbejd ob qub prbecsagbntb ha gbocecna a hds
dfds bhb un lran jdg`rb sba tdoavça un artb edgd ha
ndvbha ja obtbrgcnaod gc bhbeecõn y h ja obtbncod
bn ha hntrdouetcdn Ehauehb @brnareh ja `useaod y ja
edg`atcod ourantb tdoa su vcoa para jaebr bntrar ha
gbocecna b n una vça ecbntçicea. Ascstcgds asç a hds `ah`uebds ob una ecbneca qub sb va obsprbnocbnod pded a
pded obh bgpcrcsgd para icfarsb bn ha vbroao lraecas
ah gãtdod bxpbrcgbntah. Ehauob @brnareh obgubstra
qub bstb gãtdod aphceaod bn bh bstuocd bhb hds eubrpds
`rutds bn h quçgcea y bn
içscea
içscea ob`b sbrhd cluahbn
gbntb bn bh bstuocd bhb hds eubrpds vcvds
v b n gbocecna. Ydy a cntbntar obgdstrar a gcicscdhdlça
vbz qub
ha bxpbrcgbntaecõn. S hhbla
hhbla a edneh ucr qub ha bxpbrcbn-
eca bn bh idnod nd bs gás qub una d`sbrvaecõn prdvdeaoa. _dod bh razdnagcbntd bxpbrcgbntah bstá `asaod
bn ha oubha ya qub bh bxpbrcgbntaodr nd ob`b tbnbr
ncnluna
ncnlu
na coba prbedneb`coa i rbntb a hhaa najhrahbz a y tcb-
nb qub
qub luaroar scb gprb su hc`brtao bhb bspçrctu. Aebpta
scgphbgbntb hds ibnõgbnds qub sb prdouebn euanod
s t ~ ç n prd`aods.
Aetd sblucod bn ha sblunoa partb a`droa su autãntced tbga ah ehbgdsu¼ar qub ha bspdntanbcoao ob hds
eubrpds vcvds nd sb dpdnb ah bgphbd ob ha bxpbrcgbntaecõn. Ha ocibrbneca prdvcbnb önceagbntb ob qub un
eubrpd `gtd sb bneubnu¼a bn bh gbocd bxtbrcdr y edg{g
bh gãtdod bxpbrcgbntah ednoueb ah edndecgcbntd
ob ha vcoa içscea tag`cãn ob`b ednouecr ah edndecgcbntd bhb ha vcoa pascdnah b cntbhbetuah. Ub trata sdhagbntb bhb una eubstcõn ob lraods bn ha gcsga vça bhb
ha quçgcea a ha icscdhdlça obsp uãs bhb ha icscdhdlça a ha
antrdp dhdlça y a ha sdecdhdlça. Ha ndvbha bxpbrcgbntah
s t ~ ç bn ha gbta.
]ara gaydr eharcoao erbd qub ob`d rbsugcr `rbvbgbntb aquç ha hntrdouetcgz Ubrá nuçs ieçech eaptar has
aphceaecdnbs qub jarã bhb hds tbxtds sç sb edndeb bh phan
ob d`ra y has gatbrcas o
obb qub trata.
Ehauehb @brnaro obspuãs bhb ja`br obeharaod qub
ha gbocecna bntra bn hd suebscvd bn ha vça ecbntçicea
apdy8hnehdsb bn ha icscdhdl¼ça y lraecas ah gãtdod bxpbrcgbntah bsta`hbeb ob bntraoa has ocibrbnecas qub bxcsbxcs-
gcbntras qub hds bhbgbntds ob hds drlancsgds supbrcdrbs sb jahhan bn un gbocd cntbrcdr y pbribeecdnaod
pbrd odtaod bhb prdpcboaobs icscdquçgceas ednstantbs
ah cluah qub bh gbocd bxtbrcdr. A partcr bhb bhhd bxcstb un
obtbrgcncsgd a`sdhutd bn has ednocecdnbs ob bxcstbneca
bhb hds
hds ibnõgbnds naturahbs tantd para hds eubrpds vcvds edgd para hds eubrpds `rutds. @brnarehhhaga «obtbrgcncsgd>> a ha eausa qub obtbrgcna ha aparcecõn ob
hds ibnõgbnds. Bsta eausa
eausa prõxcga edg d ha hhaga nd
bs dtra edsa qub ha ednocecõn içscea y gatbrcah bhb ha bxcstbneca d ob ha gancibstaecõn bhb hds ibnõgbnds. Bh prcnecp
ecpcd
cd ob
ob ha gbocecna bbxpbrcgbnt
xpbrcgbnt ah bh tãrg cnd ob euahqucbr cnvbstclaecõn ecbntçicea bs pubs coãntced tantd
para hds eubrpds vcvds edgd para hds eubrpds `rutds6
ednscstb bn bnednu¼ar has rbhaecdnbs qub vcneuhan un ibnõgbnd euahqucbra edn su eausa prõxcga d ocejd bhb
dtra ganbra bn obtbr gcnar ha
hass ednocecdnbs n
nbebsarca
bebsarcass
tbn bntrb has ecbnecas bhb ha d`sbrvaecõn y has ecbnecas bhb
para ha gancibstaecõn ob ocejd ibnõgbnd. Ha ecbneca
?5
bxpbrcgbntah nd ob`b cnqucbtarsb pdr bh pdrquã ob has
edsas; sõhd bxphcea bh eõgd.
Obspuãs ob ja`br bxpubstd has ednscobraecdnbs bxpbrcgbntahbs edgunbs a hds sbrbs vcvds y a hds eubrpds
`rutds Ehauob @brnaro
@brn aro pasa
pasa a has
has ednscobraecdnbs bxpb-
prdebobr prdouecrá iatahgbntb; ya qub naturahgbntb
sõhd tdgarã ob ha d`ra has ectas nbebsarcas para obicncr
y edgbntar ha ndvbha bxpbrcgbntah. Hd rbpctd sõhd sb
trata ob un tbrrbnd sd`rb bh qub gb apdyd bh tbrrbnd
gás rced bn arlugbntds y bn prub`as ob tdoas ehasbs.
rcgbntahbs bspbecahbs bn hds sbrbs vcvds. Ha lran y öncea
ocibrbneca bs qub bn hds drlancsgds ob hds sbrbs vcvds
jay qub ednscobrar un ednfuntd argõnced ob ibnõgbnds. 1h6ata aetd sblucod ob ha práetce
práetceaa bxpbrcgbntah
bxp brcgbntah sd`rb hds sbrbs vcvds
vcvds ob ha vcvcsbeecõn ob has ednocecdnbs
anatõgcea
anat
õgceass prbparat
prbparatdrc8
drc81s
1s ob ha bhbeecõn ob hds ancgahbs
obh bgphbd obh oheuhd bn bh
bh bstuocd
bstu ocd ob hds ibnõgbnds y
pdr öhtcgd obh ha`d
ha`dratd
ratdrcd
rcd obh icscõhdld.
Ha gbocecna bxpbrcgbntah qub bgpcbza a `ah`uebar
pubob oarnds una coba bxaeta ob ha hctbratura bxpbrcgbntah qub tdoavça bn bh jubvd nd ja hhblaod nc scqucbra ah `ah`uebd.
Obspuãsoabnbfbgphds
ha
ha öhtcga
öhtcgabhbpartb
ob ha h< trdouetcdn,
Ehanob @brnaro
cnvbstclaecõn
bxpbrcgbntah
icscdhõlcea para apdy
apdyar
ar ha
hass cobas qub ja idrguhaod.
idrgu haod.
Dirbeb aetd sblucod bfbgphds ob erçtcea bxpbrcgbntah
bxpbrcgbnt ah
icscdhõlcea. S tbrgcna cnoceanod hds d`stáeuhds ichdsõiceds edn hds qub tdpa ha gbocecna bxpbrcgbntah. n prcgbr tãrgcnd bxpdnb ha iahsa aphceaecõn ob ha icscdhdlça
bn ha gbocecna ha clndraneca ecbntçtWea
ecbntçtWea as
asçç edgd ecbrtas chuscdnbs obh bspçrctu gãoced. ]dr dtra partb ednehuyb ocecbnod qub h gbocecna bgpçrcea y ha gbocecna
bxpbrcgbntah nd sdn cnedgpatc`hbs scnd pdr bh edntrarcd ob`bn sbr cnsbpara`hbs
cnsbpara`hbs una ob dtra. Ha öhtcga irasb obh hc`rd bs qub ha gbocecna bxpbrcgbntah nd rbspdnob a ncnluna odetrcna gãocea nc a ncnlön scstbga
ichdsõiced.
Ãstb bs pdr bnecga bh bsqubhbtd
bsqub hbtd ob ha grdouetcdn
obspdfaod ob su earnb. Bspbrd qub bsta rápcoa bxpdsc-
Antb
An
tbta6tdod
ha prcgbrabnprb
lun
qubjdy
parbeb
phantbarsb
bs ãs
ãsta
6 bn hctbratura
ha
ha lunta
qub tajasta
ha d`sbrvaecõn
parbeb ja`br scod bgphbaoa bn bxehuscva ´bs pdsc`hb ha
bxpbrcbneca4
Ehauob @brnaro ocseutb harlagbntb sd`rb ha d`sbrvaecõn
vae
cõn y ha bxpbrcbneca. Bxcstb ob bnu¼aoa una hcgpca
hçnba ob obgareaecõn. Bs ãsta6 «Ub oa bh ndg`rb ob d`sbrvaodr a qucbn aphcea hds prdebocgcbntds ob cnvbstclaecdnbs scgphbs d edgphbfas ah bstuocd ob ibnõgbnds
qub nd jaeb varcar y qub rbedlb bn ednsbeubneca tah
edgd ha naturahbza sb hds dirbeb; sb oa bh ndg`rb bxpbrcggtaodr a qucbn bgphba hds prdebocgcbntds ob cnvbstclaec
tclaecdnbs
dnbs scg
scgphbs
phbs d edgphbfas para jaebr
jae br varcar d gdocicear edn un icn euahqucbra hds ibnõgbnds naturahbs
hds jaeb aparbebr bn ecreunstanecas d bn ednocecdnbs
bn has qub ha naturahbza nd hds prbsbnta`a». ]dr bfbgphd ha astrdndgça bs una ecbneca ob d`sbrvaecõn pdr-
ecõn `astará par4 edhgar hds vaeçds qub gc ganbra ob
qub
??
1
nd sb ednec`b a un asu¼õndgd qub aetöb sd`rb hds
?2
astrds; gcbntras qub ha quçgcea bs una ecbneca ob bxpb
rcgbntaecõn pubs bh quçgced aetöa sd`rb ha naturahbza
y h gdocicea. _ah bs sblön Ehauob @brnaro ha öncea
ocstcnecõn vbroaobragbntb cgpdrtantb qub sbpara a un
d`sbrvaodr ob un bxpbrcgbntaodr.
prbvcscdnbs oceja bxpbrcbneca dirbzea un rbsuhtaod qub
prbvcscdnbs
scrva ob edntrdh a ha jcpõtbscs d a ha coba prbedneb`c
oa ... A partcr obh gdgbntd b n bh qub bh rbsuhtaod bhb ha
bxpbrcbneca sb gancicbsta bh bxpbrcgbntaodr sb bnic-bn
ta a u
una
na autãntcea
autãntce a d`sbrvaecõn qub ja prd vdeaod y qub
Nd pubod sblucrhb bn su ocseuscõn ob has ocibrbntbs
obicncecdnbs oaoas jasta jdy. Edgd ya jb oce
ocejd
jd tbnnc
na pdr ednehucr qub ha bxpbrcbneca bn bh idnod nd bs
gás qub una d`sbrvaecõn prdvdeaoa. Ectd6 « n bh gã
tdod bxpbrcgbntah bh bxagbn bhb hds jbejds bs obecr
ha cnvbstclaecõn sb aedgpaña scbgprb edn un razdna
gcbntd ob ganbra qub
qub drocnarcagbn tb bh bxpbrcgbn
taodr jaeb un bxpbrcgbntd para edntrdhar d vbrcicear bh
jay qub ednstatar edgd euahqucbr
euahquc br d`sbrvaecõn scn coba
coba
prbedneb`coa. h bxpbrcgbntaodr ob`b bntdnebs obsa
parbebr d gás `cbn transidrgarsb cngbocatagbntb bn
d`sbrvaod
d`sb
rvaodr;
r; y sõhd obspuãs
obspuãs ob j a`br
a`b r ednstataod
ednstata od hds rb
suhtaods bhb h bxpbrcbneca cluah qub sc sb tratara ob hds
ob una d`sbrvaecõn drocnarca vdhvbrá su
su bspçrctu para
razdnar
razd
nar edgpa rar y fuzlar
fuzla r sc ha jcpõtbscs bxpbrcgb
bxpbrcgbn
n
tah bstá vbrciceaoa d cnvahcoaoa pdr hds gcsgds rbsuh
vahdr bhb una coba bxpbrcgbntah. Bntdnebs sb pubob ob
ecr qub ha bxpbrcbneca bs una d`sbrvaecõn prdvdeaoa
edn un prdpõsctd ob edntrdh>>.
]dr hd obgás
obgás para hhblar a obtbrgcna
obtb rgcna r hd qub pub
ob ja`br ob d`sbrvaecõn y ob bxpbrcgbntaecõn bn ha
ndvbha naturahcsta sõhd tbnld nbebscoao bhb hds pasafbs
scluc bn bs6
«Bh d`sbrvaodr ednstata pura y scgphbgbntb hds
ibnõgbnds qub tcbnb antb sus dfds .. tcbnb qub sbr bh
idtõlraid bhb hds ibnõgbnds; su d`sbrvaecõn ob`b rb
prbsbntar bxaetagbntb a ha naturahbza .. bseueja a ha
naturahbza y bserc`b `afd su ocetaod. ]brd una vbz
ednstataod y d`sbrvaod h ibnõgbnd hhbla ha coba cn
tbrvcbnb bh razdnagcbntd y aparbeb bh bxpbrcgbntaodr
para cntbrprbtarhd. Bh bxpbrcgbntaodr bs qucbn bn vcr
tuo ob
ob una cntbrprb
cntb rprbtae
taecõn
cõn gás
gás d gbnds prd`a`hb pbrd
antcecpaoa ob hds ibnõgbnds d`sbrvaods cnstctuyb ha
taods>>.
bxpbrcbneca bhb ganbra qub bn bh drobn hõlced ob has
_dod bh gbeancsgd bstá aquç. Bs un pded edgphc
eaod y Ehauob
Eha uob @brnareh sb vb d`hclaod a obecr6 «Euan
od tdod bsd suebob a h vbz bn ha
ha gbntb
gb ntb ob un sa`cd qub
sb bntrbla a ha cnvbstclaecõn bn una ecbneca tan edniu
sa edgd hd bs tdoavça ha gbocecna sb prdou eb bntdnebs
una edniuscõn tah bnt rb hd qub bs rbsuhtaod ob ha d`sbr
vaecõn
vae
cõn y hd qub pbrt
pbrtbnb
bnbeb
eb a ha
ha bxpbrcbneca qub sbrça
cgpdsc`hb y pdr dtra partb cnötch qubrbr anahczar bn
bsta gbzeha cnbxtrcea`hb eaoa und bhb bstds tãrgcnds>>.
Bn suga sb pubob obecr qub ha d`sbrvaecõn «gubstra>>
y qub ha bxpbrcbneca «cnstruyb>>.
]ubs `cbn vdhvcbnod a ha ndvbha vbgds cluahgbnt
clua hgbnt b
qub bh ndvbhcsta bs a h vbz
vbz d`sbrvaodr y bxpbrcgbnta
odr. n ãh bh d`sbrvaodr dirbeb hds jbejds tah edgd hds
ja d`sbrvaod garea bh pun td ob partcoa bsta`hbeb bh
tbrrbnd sõhcod sd`rb bh qub van a gdvbrsb hds pbrsdna
fbs y a obsarrdhharsb hds
hds ibnõgbnds.
ibnõgbnds. Obspuãs aparbeb bh
?<
bxpbrcgbntaodr b cnstctuyb ha bxpbrcbneca qucbrd ob
ecr jaebr gdvbr a hhds
ds pbrsdnafbs bn una jcstdrca partc
euhar para gdstrar bn bhha qub ha suebscõn bhb jbejds
sbrá ha qub bxclb bh obtbrgcncsgd bhb hds ibnõgbnds a
bstuocar. Ub trata easc scbgprb bhb una bxpbrcbneca «pdr
tuanehd sd`rb bhhds gbocantb has gdehcF6Ceaecdnbs obecreunstanecas y bhb ag`cbntbs scn apartarsb nunea bhb has
hbybs bhb ha naturahbza. h icna
icnahh bstá bh edndecgcbntd.
edndecgcb ntd.
obh jdg`rb bh edndec gcbntd ecbntçiced bn su aeecõn
cnocvcouah sdecah.
vbr>> edgd ha hhaga Ehauehb @brnareh. Bh ndvbhcsta sahb
a ha `ösquboa bhb una vbroao. _dgarã edgd bfbgphd ha
iclura
iclu
ra obh
obh `ar õn Juh dt bn ha Edusc b @bttb bhb @ahzae.
Bh jbejd lbnbrah d`sbrvaod pdr @ahzae bs bh bstrald
qub bh tbgpbragbntd agdrdsd bhb un jdg`rb prdvdea
prdvdea
bn ãh bn su iagchca y bn ha sdecboao. Obsob bh gdgbn
td bn qub ja bhblcod su tbga part b bhb unds jbejds
d`sbrvaods y obspuãs cnstctuyb su bxpbrcbneca sdgb
Ucn bhuoa bstagds guy hbfds aquç bhb has ebrtbzas bhb
ha quçgcea b cnehusd bhb ha icscdhdlça. Nd edndebgds td
oavça hds rbaetcvds qub obsedgpdnb
obse dgpdnbn
n has pascdnbs y
qub pbrgctbn anahczarhas. A gbnuod bn bstb bstuocd
rbedroarã qub ha ndvbha bxpbrcgbntah bs gás fdvbn qub
ha gbocecna bxpbrcgbntah ha qub n d d`stantb
d`stan tb aea`a bhb
naebr apbnas. ]brd nd prbtbnod ednstatar hds rbsuhta
ods ednsblucods scnd qub obsbd scgphbgbntb bxpdnbr
tcbnod a Juhdt a una sbrcb bhb prub`as jaecãnodhb pasar
pdr obtbrgcnaods gbocds para obgdstrar bh iunecdna
gcbntd obh gbeancsgd ob su pascõn. Bs bvcobntb pubs
qub bn bsta
bsta ndvbha
ndvbha nd jay sdhagbntb d`sbrvaecõn scnd
qub bxcstb
bxcstb bn bhha
bhha tag`cãn
tag`cã n bxpbrcgbnta
bxpbrcgbntaecõn
ecõn pubstd
qub @ahzae
@ahzae nd sb edgpdrta önceagbntb edgd idtõlra
id antb hds jbejds pdr ãh rbedlcods ya qub cntbrvcbnb
cntbrvcb nb
bhb ganbra ocrbeta para edhdear a su pbrsdnafb bn unas
ednocecdnbs bn has qub ãh sclub scbnod bh agd. Bh prd
`hbga bstá bn sa`br hd qub una pascõn obtbrgcnaoa
aetuanod bn un gbocd ednerbtd y bn unas ecreunstan
eca
ecass obtbrgc naoas prdouecrá
prdoue crá obsob bh pun td bhb vcsta
obh cnocvcoud y bhb ha sdecboao; y una ndvbha bxpbrc
gbntah ha Edu 8c11b @bttb pdr bfbgphd bs scgphbgbntb
bh prdebsd vbr`ah antb hds dfds obh pö`hced ob ha bxpb
rcbneca qub bh ndvbhcsta rbec`b. n suga tdoa ha dpb
raecõn ednscstb bn tdgar hds jbejds bn ha naturahbza
obspuãs bn bstuocar hds gbeancsgds bhb hds jbejds ae-
edn eharcehaeh un gãtdod. Uc bh ndvbhcsta bxpbrcgbntah
avanza tdoavça a tcbntas bn ha gaydr dseurcoao y bn h
gás edgphbfa bhb has ecbnecas bhhd nd cgpcob qub bsta
ecbneca bxcsta. Bs cnnbla`hb qub ha ndvbha naturahcsta
tah edgd ha edgprbnobgds bn bstb gdgbntd bs una
bxpbrcbneca autãntcea qub bh ndvbhcsta jaeb sd`rb bh
jdg`rb ayuoánodsb
a yuoánodsb edn h d`sbrvaecõn.
]dr dtra partb bsta
bsta dpcncõn n
nd
d bs sdhagbntb ha
gça scnd qub bs tag`cãn ha ob Ehauehb @brnaro. Oceb
bn ahluna partb6 « n j práe
práetcea
tcea ob ha vcoa hds jdg`rbs nd obfan bhb bxpbrcgbntar unds sd`rb dtrds>>. S
hd qub bs gás ednehuyb
ednehuybntb
ntb jb aquç tdoa ha tbdrça ob ha
ndvbha bxpbrcgb
bxpbrcgbntah.
ntah. «Euan od razdnagds sd`rb nubs
trds
trds prdpcds aetds
aetds tbnb
tbnbgds
gds un luça ecbrtd pubstd qub
tbnbgdss ednecbneca bhb hd qub pbnsagds bhb hd qub sbn
tbnbgd
tcgds. ]brd sc qubrbgds fuzlar hds aetds bhb dtrd jdg`rb y sa`br hds gõvchbs qub hb jaebn aetuar bs edg
phbtagbntb ocstcntd. Ucn bhuoa tbnbgds antb nubstrds
?3