Diseño de Iluminación Inteligente: Principios y Tecnología LED

Intelligent Lighting Design
9 May 2019
Location: Bucharest
Introduction in Lighting
Dr.ing. Dorin BEU
Laboratorul de Ingineria Iluminatului
Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca
2014 Nobel Prize for Blue LED:
Akasaki, Amano and Nakamura
Human eye anatomy
Light colour components
Wavelength
COLOUR
Indigo
Blue
Green
Yellow
Orange
Red
RANGE [nm]
380-450
450-490
490-560
560-590
590-640
640-750
Emotional aspects
View means also emotional aspects or
correlations related with educational
process
e.g.:
warm,stimulation - red, orange
cold,relaxing-blue-green,indigo
neutral- yellow-green, green
Psychological associations are very
important were mood is an isssue.
e.g.:
fire- red
rich - gold
cold- blue
anger- red
nature - green
purity- white
Luminous flux - Φ
Definition: quantity derived from radiant flux Φe by evaluting the radiation
according to its action upon the CIE standard photometric observer.
Formula: Φ= km∫Φe,λ V(λ) dλ
where V(λ) – is the spectral luminous efficiency function,
km – photometric equivalent, km = 683 lm/W,
Φe,λ - radiant flux [W/lm]
Unit: lumen [lm]
Luminous intensity - I
180°
Definition: quotient of the luminous flux dΦ
150°
leaving the source and propagated in the
150°
120°
120°
element of solid angle dΩ containing the
given direction, by the element of solid angle.
Formula: I = dΦ / dΩ
90°
180
120
90°
60
60°
Unit: candela [cd]
60°
30°
30°
0°
cd/klm
C180 | C0
C270 | C90
Illuminance - E
Definition: quotient of the luminous flux dΦ incident on an element of the
surface containing the point, by the area dΑ of that element.
Formula: E = dΦ/dA
Unit: lux [lx]
Measurement equipment: Luxmeter
Lambert law
Iα ⋅ cos i
E=
2
r
Influence of illuminance on visual performance
and visual comfort performance and visual
comfort
Luminance - L
Definition: Ratio between Luminous intensity dIα in a given
direction and the area of a section of that beam containing
the given point.
Formula: L = dIα / dA cos α
Unit: candela per square meter [cd/m2]
Measure equipment: Luminacemeter
Luminous efficacy- η
Definition: Ratio between total luminous flux Φ from a lamp and total electric
power P used by the lamp and auxiliarry equipment.
Formula: η = Φ/P
Unit: [lm/W]
Shades of white light: Color Temperature range
Colour temperature Tc in Kelvin (K)
Color temperature and color rendering
CIE test samples
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Color rendering index
Rendering on a continuous spectrum
Color rendering index
Rendering with monochromatic yellow
(sodium lamps)
Lamp code
Lamp T26 36W/830
First number comes from color rendering index Ra
• 5 means Ra=50-80
• 8 means Ra=80-90
• 9 means Ra>=90
Lamp code
Lamp T26 36W/830
Last two numbers comes from color temperature:
• 27 means Tc=2700 K, warm white (incandescence)
• 30 means Tc=3000 K, warm white (halogen)
• 40 means Tc=4000 K, neutral white
• 65 means TC=6500 K, coolwhite
Clasification
Protection index for dust and water (IP)
Protection against:
• fingers or dust
IP20
• water
1. Digit
Dust
2. Digit
Water
Energy Usage of Lighting
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In 2015 the electricity consumed by lighting was 2 850 TWh worldwide, about 19 % of the total global
electricity consumption.
Carbon dioxide emissions (Lighting) were 1775 million tonnes, of which approximately 511 million
tonnes in IEA member countries
Lighting electricity use ranges from 5 % to 15 % in industrialized countries, up to 86 % in developing
countries of the total electricity use
Global lighting electricity use is distributed: 28 % residential, 48% service, 16 % industrial, 8 % street
and other lighting
More than one-quarter of world’s population uses liquid fuel (kerosene) to provide lighting
Dorin BEU
EU Energy Usage of Lighting
 For residential sector electric energy consumption, lighting represents
around 10.2%
 For tertiary electric energy consumption, office lighting represents
around 21.57% [TIC2007]
 For tertiary electric energy consumption, street lighting represents
around 4.73%
Dorin BEU
LED technology: What is a LED?
•
A LED (light-emitting diodes in English, meaning light-emitting diode) is a
semiconductor diode that emits light when a positive charge and negative
recombine
Dorin BEU
LED: blue issue
Dorin BEU
Advantages of LEDs
•
•
•
•
•
•
Great potential for energy savings
Very low maintenance costs
Solid and sustainable technology
directionality of light
Colors are more saturated in LED light
Dynamics light by:
- Beam adjustment
color dynamics
Dorin
BEU
Dynamics of color temperature (warm
white
light / neutral / cold)
applications strobe
• miniaturization
Potential to develop unique solutions lighting
Potential for radiation Infra-Red and Ultra-Violet
Disadvantages of LEDs
•
New technology
•
Drivers problems
•
Lack of standards
•
Lack of omnidirectional solutions
•
Luminous flux depends on ambient
Dorin BEU
temperature (LEDs work excellent on low
temperature)
1st LED generation - novelty
-More color LED lighting
-Saturated colours
-Few white LEDs
-Extremely expensive
2nd LED generation – great expectactions
-First application of white LEDs
-Cold color temperatures 6500K
-Former fluorescent luminaires
transformed on LED ones
-Problems with uniformity, UGR
-ROI a big issue
-Solutions delivered by
electronist
2nd LED generation – great expectactions
3rd LED generation – retrofit
-Retrofit solutions for fluorescent lamps
-XLL fluorescent lamps
-Low efficacy
4th LED generation – business as usual
-Projects that fulfill EN 12464, 13201
and 1838 recommendations
-LED lamps cheaper than CFLs
Open plan office
-Projects that fulfill EN 12464, 13201
and 1838 recommendations
-LED lamps cheaper than CFLs
•
•
•
•
•
Continous narrow rows
Em average Em=500lx
Uniformity: Emin/Em>0.6
Glare control, UGR< 16
DALI control
Dialux calculation
-Projects that fulfill EN 12464, 13201
and 1838 recommendations
-LED lamps cheaper than CFLs
Atrium lighting
Request:
• Outline lighting as smooth as possible
• 40 suspended
• Lighting level Em=100lx
• Ra>80
• Glare control, UGR< 22
• DALI control
Offered solution:
Energolux Modul 1:1
Maia
VIII. LED Konferencia Budapest, 2017 február 7-8
3. Emergency lighting- Simulation
Request:
• EN 1838
• Em>1lx -Exit routes
• Em>0.5lx-Antipanic
light
• Maintenance according
to EN 50172
VIII. LED Konferencia Budapest, 2017 február 7-8
Resclite Escape
Escape route lighting
• Emin>1lx
Antiipanic lighting
• Emin>0.5lx
Resclite Antipanic
VIII. LED Konferencia Budapest, 2017 február 7-8
1.Open space (working plane) lighting
Architectural design
Dialux simulation
Request:
• Continous narrow rows
• Em average Em=500lx
• Uniformity: Emin/Em>0.6
• Glare control, UGR< 16
• DALI
controlsuspended luminary
A round
shaped
introduced in the „Cut Off” ceiling ”
Offered solution:
Mirel Modular
Orbis
VIII. LED Konferencia Budapest, 2017 február 7-8
4. Parking lighting
Request:
• Em>75lx
• Policarbonate, transparent
difuser
• DALI control
• Suspention onto uneven
surface
• Antiglare controlled with
raster
COSMO LED LAM 27W
VIII. LED Konferencia Budapest, 2017 február 7-8
5.Facade lighting
Solution:
FASADE 89
Without barndoors
FASADE 89
Request:
• Protection: IP 65
• LED Fitted with lens.
• Light distribution on 90-270°-axes < 10°
• DALI control
With barndoors
VIII. LED Konferencia Budapest, 2017 február 7-8