ASME-b3022-2000-gruas-de-pluma-articulada

JQÕLP IO [D_FL LQYH@_DLIL _M OPYÌMILQ ML@HCMLD OPYLIC_MHIOMPO LPFO A0;.11-1;;; (Qovhshðm io LPFO A0;.11-<880) < [QÐDCJC Osto Ostìmilr Ml`hcmld Ostlicumhiomso, Ostìmilr io Pojurhili plrl Ihro``hcmlfhomtc io `lados, Jrõls, Jrõls io arlzc fðvhd, Zhm`gos, Jltls y Osdhmjls, gl shic ioslrrcddlic alec dcs prcòihfhomtcs io l`roihtl`hðm pcr od Hmsthtutc Ml`hcmld Ostlicumhiomso io Ostlmilrhzl`hðm (lmthjulfomto `cmc`hic `cfc Hmsthtutc io Ostlmilrhzl`hðm io dcs Ostlics _mhics). Osto ostìmilr tuvc sus hmh`hcs om Ih`hofaro io <8<2, ùlmic um @ðihjc io Ostìmilros io Pojurhili io c`gc pìjhmls plrl jrõls, proplrlic pcr od @cfhtè io LPFO plrl dl [rcto``hðm io Yrlalelicros Hmiustrhldos, buo prosomtlic l dl roumhðm io LPFO. Dls roumhcmos y ihsùshcmos rodl`hcmlils l dl lmuld sojurhili io dls jrõls, jrõls io arlzc fðvhd y whm`gos so òdoarlrcm iosio <81; glstl <81?, `cm dl plrth`hpl`hðm iod @cfhtè io @crrodl`hðm iod @ðihjc io Pojurhili io LPFO, dl Lsc`hl`hðm io Hmjomhorcs Odè`trh`cs iod Ghorrc y od Lòrc, od Fusoc Ostlicumhiomso io Pojurhili, od @cfhtè io Ostìmilros io Hmjomhoræl Ostlicumhiomso (fìs tlrio `lfahlrì pcr dl Lsc`hl`hðm io Ostìmilros Ostlicumhiomsos y pcstorhcrfomto ld Hmsthtutc io Ostìmilros io dcs OO.__), od Ioplrtlfomtc io Yrlalec - Ostlic io Muovl Eorsoy, Ioplrtlfomtc io Yrlalec o Hmiustrhl - Ostlic io [ommsydvlmhl y dl Lsc`hl`hðm io Blarh`lmtos io jrõls dc`cfctcrls. Od << io eumhc io <81?, Od @cfhtè io Ostìmilros io Hmjomhoræl Ostlicumhiomso lprcað od @cfhtè io @crrodl`hðm iod @ðihjc io Pojurhili io LPFO, ro`cfomilic y lprcalic pcr od Ioplrtlfomtc io dl Flrhml io dcs Ostlics _mhics, Ihro``hðm io Lsthddorcs y Iìrsomls y LPFO `cfc pltrc`hmlicros. Om flrzc io <812, so omvhlrcm dls hmvhtl`hcmos l ?; crjlmhzl`hcmos plrl mcfarlr mcfarlr l dcs roprosomtlmtos plrl um @cfhtè Po``hcmld. Dl `cmvc`ltcrhl plrl dl crjlmhzl`hðm io osto @cfhtè Po``hcmld buo omvhlil od 1 io c`tuaro io <812 y dl `cfhshðm crjlmhzð od 9 io mcvhofaro mcvhofaro io <812, `cm ?: fhofarcs om roprosomtl`hðm io 18 crjlmhzl`hcmos ml`hcmldos. Od @ðihjc io Pojurhili plrl jrõls, jrõls io arlzc fðvhd y whm`gos, LPL A0;.1-<890, buo `rolil l plrthr iod icùfomtc io c`gc pìjhmls quo roborhfcs om od od prhfor pìrrlbc. Osto icùfomtc icùfomtc so rolbhrfð om <8?1 y buo lòptlic lfpdhlfomto `cfc um ostìmilr io sojurhili. Ioahic l `lfahcs om od ihsoüc, lvlmòs om dls tè`mh`ls y od hmtorès jomorld io dl flmc io carl y io dl hmiustrhl scaro dl sojurhili, od @cfhtè Po``hcmld, alec od pltrc`hmhc `cmeumtc io LPFO y dls Hmstldl`hcmos iod @cflmic io dl Hmjomhoræl Mlvld, Ioplrtlfomtc io dl Flrhml io dcs OO.__, buo rocrjlmhzlil `cfc um @cfhtè Ml`hcmld io Mcrfls Ostlicumhiomsos od 0< io omorc io 1821, `cm 08 fhofarcs om roprosomtl`hðm io 1: crjlmhzl`hcmos ml`hcmldos. Od bcrfltc iod `ðihjc lmtorhcr buo `lfahlic l bhm io quo vcdõfomos soplrlics (`lil umc `cfpdofomtl dl `cmstru``hðm o hmstldl`hðm, hmspo``hðm, pruoal y flmtomhfhomtc> y cporl`hðm) puoilm ùarhr dcs ihsthmtcs thpcs io oquhpc hm`duhics om od ìfahtc io lpdh`l`hðm io A0;. Om <871, od @cfhtè buo rocrjlmhzlic pcr od @cfhtè io Crjlmhzl`hðm L`roihtlil, cporlmic alec dcs prcòihfhomtcs ioslrrcddlics pcr LPFO y l`roihtlils pcr od Hmsthtutc io Ostìmilros Ml`hcmldos Ostlicumhiomsos. Osto Ostìmilr prosomtl um `cmeumtc `ccrihmlic io mcrfls quo puoiom sorvhr `cfc juæl plrl od jcahormc y l ctrcs crjlmhsfcs rojudlicros y l dls lutcrhilios fumh`hpldos rospcmslados io dl vhjhdlm`hl o hmspo``hðm io dcs oquhpcs quo omtrlm iomtrc io su ìfahtc io lpdh`l`hðm. Dls sujorom`hls plrl dl provom`hðm io l``hiomtos scm ilils `cfc ihspcsh`hcmos cadhjltcrhls y io lsoscrlfhomtc> od ùfpdhfhomtc io lfacs thpcs puoio sor moòslrhc pcr plrto io dcs ofpdolicros io dcs ofpdolics. Om `lsc io ihbhùdtlios prì`th`ls, muovcs ioslrrcddcs c ihbhùdtlios hmmoòslrhls, dl lutcrhili lifhmhstrlthvl c rojudlicrl pcirì `cmòior vlrhl`hcmos om dcs roquhshtcs dhtorldos c porfhthr od usc io ctrcs ihspcshthvcs c fètcics, porc sðdc ùlmic os `dlrlfomto ovhiomto quo um jrlic oquhvldomto io prcto``hðm os jlrlmthzlic. [lrl jlrlmthzlr dl lpdh`l`hðm umhbcrfo y dl hmtorprotl`hðm iod prosomto ostìmilr, dls lutcrhilios lutcrhilios lifhmhstrlthvls c rojudlicrls so dos hmst hmstll l `cmsudtlr `cm od @cfhtè A70;, io `cmbcrfhili `cm od bcrfltc ios`rhtc om dl Po``hðm HHH io dl hmtrciu``hðm, lmtos io tcflr io`hshcmos scaro pumtcs om ihsputl. 1 Osto vcdufom iod Ostìmilr, quo buo lprcalic pcr od @cfhtè A0; y LPFO, buo lprcalic pcr LMPH y ioshjmlic `cfc od Ostìmilr Ml`hcmld Ostlicumhiomso od <9 io eudhc io 1;;;. Dcs `ðihjcs y ostìmilros io sojurhili quo protomiom foecrlr dl sojurhili p põadh`l. õadh`l. Dls rovhshcmos, rosudtlic io dls `cmshiorl`hcmos io dcs bl`tcros iod `cfhtè tld `cfc dcs lvlmòs tè`mh`cs, muovcs iltcs y `lfahcs lfahomtldos y dls moòshilios io dl hmiustrhl. Dls rovhshcmos mc hfpdh`lm quo dls oih`hcmos lmtorhcros buorlm hmsubh`homtos. 0 @CFHYÈ LPFO A0; Ostìmilros io Pojurhili plrl od Ihro``hcmlfhomtc io @lados, Jrõls, Jrõls J rõls io arlzc fðvhd, Zhm`gos, Jlm`gcs, Jltls y Osdhmjls (Od shjuhomto toxtc os dl dhstl io dl @cfhshðm ld fcfomtc io dl lprcal`hðm iod prosomto Ostìmilr.) IODOJLICP [.P. Ucrh`g, Ucrh`g, [roshiomto A.I. @dcsscm, @dcsscm, Rhò-proshiomto E. Zomidor, Zomidor, Po`rotlrhc [OQPCMLD IOD @CFHYÈ * LDDHLM@O CB LFOQH@LM HMP_QOQP Y.L. @grhstomsom, Dhaorty Futuld Hmsurlmò @c. LPPC@HLYOI JOMOQLD @CMYQL@YCQP CB LFOQH@L @.D. Gumoyùtt, Gumoyùtt, E.L. Ecmos @cmstru`thcm Z.[. Qcddhms, Qcddhms, Ldtormlto, E.L. Ecmos @cmstru`thcm LPPC@HLYOI ZHQO QC[O BLAQH@LYCQP I. Plyomjl, Plyomjl, Lssc`hltoi Zhro Qcpo Blarh`ltcrs I.E. Ahsgcp, Ldtormlto, Ahsgcp Dhbthmj [rciu`ts, Hm`. LPPC@HLYHCM CB @CMPYQ_@YHCM O\_H[FOMY FLMLJOQP E.@. Qylm, Qylm, Acg Arcs. @cmstru`thcm @c. G.O. Dhvorfcro, Dhvorfcro, Ldtormlto, Ao`gtod Dolshmj, Hm`. LPPC@HLYHCM CB HQCM LMI PYOOD OMJHMOOQP E.Z. Qcwdlmi, Aotgdogof Ptood BCQJHMJ HMI_PYQX LPPC@HLYHCM J.B. Gcbbl, Gcbbl, @cdufaus F`Nhmmcm @crp. O.N. Flraurj, Ldtormlto, @cdufaus F`Nhmmcm @crp. HMYOQMLYHCMLD _MHCM CB C[OQLYHMJ OMJHMOOQP Z.E. Pfhtg Er., Hmtormlthcmld _mhcm cb Cporlthmj Omjhmoors. P.@. Au`n, Au`n, Ldtormlto, Hmtormlthcmld _mhcm cb Cporlthmj Omjhmoors, Dc`ld <?; MLYHCMLD OQO@YCQP LPPC@HLYHCM A.O. Zohr, Er., Mcrrhs Arctgors @c., Hm`. E. @cmlmt, @cmlmt, Ldtormlto, @cmlmt @rlmo Qomtld @c. [CZOQ, @QLMO, LMI PGCROD LPPC@HLYHCM A_QOL_ CB YGO @CMPYQ_@YHCM HMI_PYQX FLM_BL@Y_QOQP LPPC@HLYHCM (@HFL) M.@. Glrjrolvos, Yorox @crp. I.J. \uhmm, \uhmm, Ldtormlto, BF@ @cmstru`thcm Oquhpfomt @crp. P[O@HLDHUOI @LQQHOQP LMI QHJJHMJ LPPC@HLYHCM G.H. Pglphrc, Gcwlri H. Pglphrc & Lssc`hltos Q.F. Ncgmor, Ncgmor, Ldtormlto, Dlmiflrn Omjhmoorhmj Porvhò PYOOD [DLYO BLAQH@LYCQP LPPC@HLYHCM N. Fhddor, Fhddor, @AH ML-@CM. Hm` _.P. IO[LQYFOMY CB YGO LQFX O.O. Quiy, _.P Lrfy YLQIO@ _.P. IO[LQYFOMY CB YGO MLRX E.O. Qh`glriscm, Qh`glriscm, Mlvld Bl`hdhthos Omjhmoorhmj @cfflmi ZHQO YC[O YO@GMH@LD ACLQI D.I. Folms, Zhro Qcpo @crp. cb Lforh`l, Hm`. 9 I.L. Gommhmjor, Gommhmjor, Ldtormlto, [ludsom Zhro Qcpo @crp. FHOFAQCP HMIHRHI_LDOP Y. Lsomltc, Lsomltc, Olstflm Nciln @c. Q.E. Acdom, O. H. iu [cmt io Morfcurs & @c., Hm`. L.I. Arcwm, _.P. Ioplrtfomt cb Dlacr ‐ CPGL [.D Qcssh, Qcssh, Ldtormlto, _.P. Ioplrtfomt cb Dlacr ‐ CPGL N.D. @gdli, @gdli, Fltorhld Glmidhmj @rlmo Pystof E.Z. Icwms Er., Er., Ldtormlto, Icwms @rlmo lmi Gchst @cfflmi A.I. @dcsscm, Mcrtg Lforh`l @rlmo Aurolu Zost Y.D. Adlmtcm, Ldtormlto, Mcrtg Lforh`l @rlmo Aurolu E.[. @cddoth, Ecgm [. @cddotth & Lssc`hltos, Hm`. Q.L. Ilgdhm, Ilgdhm, Zldnor Fljmoth` Jrcup, Hm`. I.Z. O`nsthmo, O`nsthmo, Jrcvo Zcrdiwhio L. Fhddor, Fhddor, Ldtormlto, Jrcvo Zcrdiwhio Q.G. Bcwdor, _.P. Ioplrtfomt cb tgo Lhr Bcrò E.D. Brlmns, @cmsudtlmt Q.@. Pdltor, Ldtormlto, F`Nly Hmtormlthcmld Omjhmoors E.E. Golidoy, @rlmo Hmsthtuto cb Lforh`l, Hm`. @.Z. Hrodlmi, Lf`dyio Omjhmooroi [rciu`ts D.P. Ecgmscm, Ecgmscm, Lforh`lm Oquhpfomt J.D. Cwoms, Ldtormlto, Jrlmhto @cmstru`thcm @c. E.F. Ndhaort, Dhbt-Ldd @c., Hm`., Gcmcrlry Fofaor G.J. Dohih`g, Hmjorscdd-Qlmi E.Y. [ornhms, [ornhms, Ldtormlto, Hmjorscdd-Qlmi @. Du`ls, @rcsay Jrcup [.L. Aco`nflm, Ldtormlto, @rcsay Jrcup Y.P. F`Ncsny, F`Ncsny, @cmsudtlmt, Gcmcrlry Fofaor Q.Z. [lrry, @cmsudtlmt, Gcmcrlry Fofaor Q.Q. Qohshmjor, Qohshmjor, BNH Hmiustrhos, Hm`. E.D. Jcricm, Ldtormlto, BNH Hmiustrhos, Hm`. L.Q. Yctg, Fcrrhs Fltorhld Glmidhmj P.E. F`@crnwh`n, Ldtormlto, Fcrrhs Fltorhld Glmidhmj Q.@. Zhdi, _.P. Lrfy @crps cb Omjhmoors Q.O. P`ctt, Ldtormlto, _.P. Lrfy @crps cb Omjhmoors I.M. Zcdbb, Mlthcmld @rlmo @crp. [.P. Ucrh`g, QU[ Hmtormlthcmld Dhfhtoi * Dcs fhofarcs io dl dhstl, l oxòp`hðm io dcs mcfarlics om od om`laozlic io fhofarcs hmihvhiuldos, buorcm ioshjmlics pcr sus rospo`thvls crjlmhzl`hcmos. ? @CMYOMHICP [rðdcjc…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [rðdcjc……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………1 ………………………1 Dhstl iod @cfhtè………………………………………………………… @cfhtè…………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………….9 ………………………….9 Qosufom io dcs `lfahcs…………………………………………………………… `lfahcs……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………7 …………7 Hmtrciu``hðm……………………………… Hmtrciu``hðm …………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………. ……………………….8 8 Jomorld……………………………………………………………………………………………… Jomorld…………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………….8 …………………………………….8 Po``hðm H Ìfahtc io lpdh`l`hðm…………………………………………………………….<< lpdh`l`hðm…………………………………………………………….<< Po``hðm HH Caeothvc………………………………………………………………………………..<< Po``hðm HHH Hmtorprotl`hcmos……………………………………………………………………<< Po``hðm HR Hmstldl`hcmos muovls y oxhstomtos…………………………………… oxhstomtos………………………………………..<1 …..<1 Po``hðm R Mcrfls cadhjltcrhl y `cmsudtlthvls……………………………………….<1 Po``hðm RH @cmvorshcmos fètrh`ls………………………………………………………….<1 fètrh`ls………………………………………………………….<1 @lpætudc 11-; Po``hðm 11-;.< Po``hðm 11.;.1 Po``hðm 11-;.0 Ìfahtc io lpdh`l`hðm, iobhmh`hcmos y roborom`hls Ìfahtc io lpdh`l`hðm io A0;.11 Iobhmh`hcmos…………………………………………………………………………<0 Qoborom`hls………………………………………………………………………….12 @lpætudc 11-< @cmstru``hðm y `lrl`toræsth`ls…………………………………………….. `lrl`toræsth`ls……………………………………………..1: 1: Po``hðm 11-<.< Po``hðm 11-<.1 Po``hðm 11-<.0 Po``hðm 11-<.9 Po``hðm 11-<.? Po``hðm 11-<.2 Po``hðm 11-<.: Po``hðm 11-<.7 @lpl`hilios mcfhmldos io dl `lrjl……………………………………..1: `lrjl……………………………………..1: Odovl`hðm io dl pdufl, pdufl todos`ðph`l y fo`lmhsfc io odovl`hðm io dl `lrjl……………………………………………………………1: `lrjl……………………………………………………………1: Fo`lmhsfc io rctl`hðm……………………………………………………….0; rctl`hðm……………………………………………………….0; Yrlmspcrto io jrõl………………………………………………………………0; jrõl………………………………………………………………0; @lados y L`òscrhcs io omgoarlic………………………………………0; omgoarlic………………………………………0; @cmtrcdos……………………………………………………………………………..01 Hmstldl`hðm……………………………………………………………………………01 @cmstru``hðm………………………………………………………………………..00 @lpætudc 11-1 Po``hðm 11-1.< Po``hðm 11-1.1 Po``hðm 11-1.0 Po``hðm 11-1.9 Hmspo``hðm, pruoal y flmtomhfhomtc……………………………….. flmtomhfhomtc………………………………..09 09 Hmspo``hðm……………………………………………………………………………09 [ruoal…………………………………………………………………………………02 Flmtomhfhomtc……………………………………………………………………0: Hmspo``hðm iod `lado, flmtomhfhomtc y roofpdlzc…………….07 @lpætudc 11-0 Po``hðm 11-0.< Flmoec……………………………………………………………………………….. Flmoec………………………………………………………………………………..9 9< < @lpl`hili y `cmiu`tl io dcs cporlrhcs plrl dls prì`th`ls io flmoec………………………………………………………………………………...9< [rì`th`ls cporlthvls……………………………………………………………..9 cporlthvls……………………………………………………………..91 1 Rlrhlic………………………………………………………………………………..90 Po``hðm 11-0.1 Po``hðm 11-0.0 Bhjurls < @cmtrcd om thorrl ostìmilr fcmtlic scaro `lfhðm `cfor`hld 1 @cmtrcd om lshomtc suporhcr fcmtlic scaro `lfhðm `cfor`hld…………………………………<0 `cfor`hld…………………………………<0 0 @cmtrcd rofctc fcmtlic scaro `lfhðm `cfor`hld…………………………………………………….<9 `cfor`hld…………………………………………………….<9 9 Hmstldl`hðm ostl`hcmlrhl……………………………………………………………… ostl`hcmlrhl……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………<? <? ? Hmstldl`hðm io vljcmotl……………………………………………………………… vljcmotl……………………………………………………………………………………………..<? ……………………………..<? 2 Fcmtlic om um trl`tc………………………………………………………………………………………………<2 trl`tc………………………………………………………………………………………………<2 : Qhod fðvhd fcmtlic om dl also io um rofcdquo………………………………………………………..<2 rofcdquo………………………………………………………..<2 2 7 8 <; << <1 <0 <9 <? Rogæùdc tcic torromc………………………………………………………… torromc………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………….<2 <2 Ostl`hðm io `cmtrcd iuld tcic torromc fcmtlic scaro ruoils………………………………….<2 Ostl`hðm io `cmtrcd shfpdo tcic torromc fcmtlic scaro ruoils………………………………. ruoils……………………………….<: <: Ostl`hðm io `cmtrcd shfpdo tcic torromc fcmtlic scaro crujl…………………………………<: Iobhmh`hcmos io dls ospo`hbh`l`hcmos ospo`hbh`l`hcmos plrl dls jrõls lrthùdlils………………………………….<8 Ombcquo io dcs jlm`gcs……………………………………………………………… jlm`gcs…………………………………………………………………………………………….1< …………………………….1< Odovl`hðm hmborhcr gcrhzcmtld………………………………………………………… gcrhzcmtld……………………………………………………………………………………..11 …………………………..11 Odovl`hðm suporhcr gcrhzcmtld……………………………………………………………………………………. gcrhzcmtld…………………………………………………………………………………….1 11 1 <2 <: Mcfom`dlturl plrl dls jrõls lrthùdlils…………………………………………………………………..19 lrthùdlils…………………………………………………………………..19 Ucml io [odhjrc plrl jrõls y flmoec io `lrjls odovlils òr`l io dls dæmols io trlmsfhshðm odè`trh`l…………………………………………………………………………………………………99 odè`trh`l…………………………………………………………………………………………………99 Yladl < Ihstlm`hl roquorhil plrl od vcdtleo mcrfld iurlmto od flmoec òr`l io dls dæmols io ldtl tomshðm y cporl`hðm om trìmshtc shm `lrjl y `cm dl pdufl c fìsthd iosòmihic……………99 iosòmihic ……………99 : LPFO A0;.11-1;;; QOP_FOM IO DCP @LFAHCP Dl oih`hðm 1;;; io dl LPFO A0;.11 hm`duyo `lfahcs om dl roil``hðm, dls rovhshcmos y dls `crro``hcmos hmtrciu`hils om A0;.11l-<889, A0;.11a-<88?, A0;.11`-<88: y A0;.11i-<887, lsæ `cfc dcs shjuhomtos `lfahcs hiomthbh`lics pcr (;;). [ìjhml _ah`l`hðm @lfahc ?-<: 11-;.1.1 (<) Dls iobhmh`hcmos io dls oxtomshcmos io dl pdufl, flmuld c ghirìudh`l (uml c fìs)> vldcr mcfhmld io dl jrõl> eha (eha shm uslr)> jlm`gc io `lrjl> `hdhmirc io dl pdufl oxtorhcr> y phvcto io dl pdufl pdufl glm shic rovhslics. (1) [dufl soùmilrhl> `hdhmirc io dl pdufl soùmilrhl> y phvcto io dl pdufl soùmilrhl glm shic acrrlics. Doyomil plrl Dls Bhj. <1, <0, <9 y <? Ddlflfcs rovhslic l —GL‖ <2 Bhj. <2 Qovhslil 1; 11-<.1.< Yætudc y sua pìrrlbc (l) rovhslic 7 OPYÌMILQ IO POJ_QHILI [LQL IHQO@@HCMLFHOMYC IO @LADOP, JQÕLP, JQÕLP IO AQLUC FÐRHD, ZHM@GOP, JLYLP X OPDHMJLP HMYQCI_@@HÐM Jomorld Osto Ostìmilr os uml io dls sorhos io ostìmilros io sojurhili, om vlrhcs tofls, quo so glm bcrfudlic alec dcs lusph`hcs jomorldos iod Hmsthtutc io Ostìmilros Ml`hcmldos Ostlicumhiomsos. _mc io dcs prcpðshtcs iod ostìmilr os io sorvhr `cfc juæl l dls lutcrhilios juaormlfomtldos quo tomjlm eurhsih``hðm scaro tofls iomtrc iod ìfahtc io lpdh`l`hðm iod ostìmilr. Po osporl, shm shm ofalrjc, quo od Ostìmilr om`cmtrlrì uml foecr lpdh`l`hðm om dl hmiustrhl, shrvhomic `cfc uml uml juæl l dcs blarh`lmtos, l dcs `cfprlicros i ioo oquhpcs y l dcs usulrhcs iod oquhpc. [lrl `cmvomhom`hl iod usulrhc, od Ostìmilr gl shic ihvhihic om vcdõfomos pcr soplrlic. A0;.< A0;.1 A0;.0 A0;.9 Jltls Jrõls puomto, io lr`c y vcdlihzls Jrõls tcrros io `cmstru``hðm [crtld, tcrro y jrõl io pðrth`c A0;.? Jrõls fðvhdos y dc`cfctcrls A0;.2 Iorrh`n A0;.: Ylfacr io odovl`hðm fcmtlic scaro also A0;.7 Jrõl bdctlmto y jrõl io arlzc fðvhd bdctlmto A0;.8 Osdhmjls A0;.<; Jlm`gcs A0;.<< Fcmc`lrrhd y jrõls suspomihils A0;.<1 Flmoec io `lrjls suspomihils suspomihils iosio rctcpdlmcs A0;.<0 Ldflòmlfhomtc/Qoùporl`hðm (L/Q) io fìquhmls y oquhpcs oquhpcs lsc`hlics A0;.<9 Yrl`tcros `cm arlzc io ofpueo dltorld A0;.<? Jrõls fðvhdos ghirìudh`ls Mctl5 A0;.<?-<8:0 gl shic rothrlil. Dl rovhshðm io A0;.<? ostì hm`duhil om dl õdthfl oih`hðm io A0;.?. A0;.<2 Hzlicros io scaro`lrjl (@cdjlic) A0;.<: Pcaro`lrjl y jrõl pðrth`c ([uomto lèroc, vhjl shfpdo, hzlicr hzlicr `cdjlic) A0;.<7 Jrõl lphdlicrl ([uomto lèroc c torrostro, vhjls fõdthpdos `cm `lrrc io iospdlzlfhomtc lèroc c torrostro) A0;. <8 @lado trlmspcrtlicr A0;. 1; Ihspcshthvcs io odovl`hðm ioalec iod jlm`gc A0;. 1< Hzlicr cporlic pcr pldlm`l flmuld A0;. 11 Lrthùdlmic dl jrõl pdufl A0;. 10 [orscmld io Phstofls io odovl`hðm A0;. 19 @cmtomoicr io jrõls ¸ A0;.1? Flmhpudlicros io `gltlrrl y fltorhld A0;. 12 Oquhpc io flmhcarl¸ A0;. 1: Phstofls io `cdc`l`hðm io fltorhl h A0;. 17 _mhilios io aldlmò io odovlicr 8 h A0;.19, A0;.12, A0;.1: y A1;.17 ostìm om dl otlpl io ioslrrcddc. Ph ostcs ostìmilros scm licptlics plrl usc juaormlfomtld, dls roborom`hls plrl ctrcs `ðihjcs ml`hcmldos y ostìmilros om dcs vcdõfomos ospo`æbh`cs puoiom `lfahlr `cm rodl`hðm l dls rojudl`hcmos `crrospcmihomtos l dls lutcrhilios juaormlfomtldos. Dl uthdhzl`hðm io ihro``hcmlfhomtc io `lados, jrõls, jrõls io arlzc fðvhd, whm`gos, jltls y`cm osdhmjls ostì sueotc l `hortcs `h ortcs rhosjcs quo mcy puoiom dcjrlso pcr[cr foihcs fo`ìmh`cs, porc sðdc od oeor`h`hc io dl hmtodhjom`hl, dl ltom`hðm od somthic `cfõm. dc tlmtc, os osom`hld `cmtlr `cm porscmld `cfpotomto, ùhilicsc, bæsh`c y fomtldfomto `ldhbh`lic y `lpl`htlic, quo plrth`hpo om dl uthdhzl`hðm y od bum`hcmlfhomtc io dcs oquhpcs quo scm plrl uml cporl`hðm sojurl io dl fìquhml y flmhpudl`hðm io dls `lrjls. Dcs podhjrcs jrlvos scm scaro`lrjl, `læil c iosdhzlfhomtc io dl `lrjl prcvc`lic pcr od hmlioùlic omjlm`go c osdhmjlic, castruyomic od plsc dharo io dl `lrjl y od usc iod oquhpc plrl um bhm quo mc `crrospcmil. Od @cfhtè io Ostlmilrhzl`hðm `cfpromio porbo`tlfomto dl hfpcrtlm`hl io um lioùlic bl`tcr io ihsoüc, tlflüc fìxhfc c fæmhfc y ctrls quo dhfhtlm dls ihfomshcmos iod `lado c `lioml y su bhel`hðm, pcdols, ruoils iomtlils, tlfacros y oquhpcs shfhdlros, rojudlics pcr od Ostìmilr, dcs ùldos ostìm ostro`glfomto rodl`hcmlils `cm dl sojurhili. Od tlflüc, dl buorzl, dcs `rhtorhcs shfhdlros iopomiom io fu`gcs bl`tcros ihboromtos y l fomuic ihboromtos `cm dl hmstldl`hðm y uscs. Ostcs bl`tcros iopomiom io dl `cmih`hðm iod oquhpc c fltorhld, dl `lrjl, dl lòdorl`hðm c dl vodc`hili io dls ùorils, `liomls, pcdols, omjrlmleo c tlfacros> od thpc io lieumtc, od mõforc, od tlflüc tlflüc y dls ihspcsh`hcmos io dls pcdols io iosjlsto y fu`gls vlrhlados quo ioaom `luslr `crrcshðm om `lil `lsc. Dls mcrfls quo bhjurlm om od Ostìmilr ioaom hmtorprotlrso `cfc `crrospcmio y od euh`hc ioao uthdhzlrso plrl dl iotorfhml`hðm io su lpdh`l`hðm. Ldjumls io dls ihspcsh`hcmos iod prosomto Ostìmilr oxhjhrì od ùfpdhfhomtc `cm dl hmbcrfl`hðm quo so omùomtrl omùomtrl om dcs flmuldos u ctrcs icùfomtcs `cm od oquhpc oquhpc sufhmhstrlic pcr od blarh`lmto. Dl hmbcrfl`hðm hm`duyo ro`cfomil`hcmos, roquhshtcs o hmstru``hcmos (pcr oeofpdc, "dcs omgoarlics so `cfprcalrìm `cm od ùfpdhfhomtc io dls ro`cfomil`hcmos iod blarh`lmto"). Od ùfpdhfhomtc io dls ihspcsh`hcmos mc ioao hfpoihr dl pcshahdhili io `cmsudtlr l uml porscml `ldhbh`lil. Ostc os `hortc, ospo`hldfomto ùlmic od oquhpc gl shic ldtorlic, roplrlic c fcihbh`lic> dcs flmuldos c icùfomtcs sufhmhstrlics pcr od blarh`lmto c pcr um suòscr yl mc so omùomtrlm ihspcmhados. Phm ofalrjc, od prcpðshtc io `cmsudtlr l uml porscml `ldhbh`lil mc ioaorì ovhtlr od `cmtl`tc `cm od blarh`lmto y dl uthdhzl`hðm io dl hmbcrfl`hðm prcpcr`hcmlil pcr od blarh`lmto. Od @cfhtè io Ostlmilrhzl`hðm ostlrì om`lmtlic io ro`hahr `ræth`ls io dcs roquorhfhomtcs io osto Ostìmilr y sujorom`hls plrl foecrlr, ospo`hldfomto lquoddcs alslics om oxporhom`hls l`tuldos om dl lpdh`l`hðm io dls mcrfls. Dls sujorom`hls plrl `lfahcs iod Ostìmilr ioaom prosomtlrso l dl Po`rotlræl iod @cfhtè A1;, LPFO, Ygroo [lrn Lvomuo, Muovl Xcrn, MX <;;<2-?88; <;;< 2-?88; y ioaom ostlr om `c `cmbcrfhili mbcrfhili `cm od shjuhomto bcrfltc5 (l) `hto od pìrrlbc ospo`æbh`c io dl ioshjml`hðm `crrospcmihomto ld vcdufom> (a) hmihquo od `lfahc prcpuostc (lih`hðm, tl`gliurl, rovhshðm, ot`.)> (`) osthpudo arovofomto dl rlzðm y/c pruoals io dcs `lfahcs sujorhics> (i) prosomto dcs `lfahcs prcpuostcs l fìs io um pìrrlbc om od criom om quo dcs pìrrlbcs lplroòm om od vcdufom. Od @cfhtè A0; `cmshiorlrì cpcrtumlfomto, `lil `lfahc sujorhic io `cmbcrfhili `cm sus prcòihfhomtcs. <; Po``hðm H5 Ìfahtc io lpdh`l`hðm Osto Ostìmilr lpdh`l plrl dl `cmstru``hðm, hmstldl`hðm, cporl`hðm, hmspo``hðm y flmtomhfhomtc io dls jltls> jrõls io l``hcmlfhomtc l`` hcmlfhomtc odè`trh`c, fcmcrrhod, phstls io jrõl> jrõls io arlzc fðvhd y whm`gos io l``hcmlfhomtc odè`trh`c y io l``hcmlfhomtc flmuld, ihspcshthvcs io odovl`hðm, jlm`gcs y osdhmjls> y od ihro``hcmlfhomtc io `lados. Osto Ostìmilr mc so lpdh`l l dls jltls io `lfhðm c lutcfðvhd, od borrc`lrrhd c io dls jrõls io luxhdhc lutcfðvhd, jrõls jrõls io acric, jrõls io acric `cm flmhpudl`hðm io oquhpcs io `lrjl, `lsthddotos, fcmtl`lrjls, fìquhml io oxtrl``hðm, `lfhðm io ùorpc odovlicr, lutc c oxtrl`tcros alr`lzl, trlmspcrtlicros (`cmvoycr), oquhpcs io ox`lvl`hðm c dcs oquhpcs quo omtrlm om od ìfahtc io dls shjuhomtos @cfhshcmos5 L<;, L<:, L8;, L<1;, A1;, A?2 y A::. Po``hðm HH5 [rcpðshtc Osto Ostìmilr ostì ihsoülic plrl5 (l) prctojor y fhmhfhzlr dls doshcmos io dcs trlalelicros y io ctrl flmorl, provor dl prcto``hðm io dl vhil, dl hmtojrhili bæsh`l y dl prcphoili pcr dl pros`rhp`hðm io dcs roquhshtcs io sojurhili> (a) prcpcr`hcmlr crhomtl`hðm l dcs prcphotlrhcs, ofpdolicros, suporvhscros y ctrcs hmtoroslics c rospcmslados io su lpdh`l`hðm5 y (`) juhlr l dcs jcahormcs y l ctrcs crjlmhsfcs rojudlicros om od ioslrrcddc, prcfudjl`hðm y lpdh`l`hðm io ihro`thvls io sojurhili lioùlils. Po``hðm HHH5 Hmtorprotl`hcmos [cr provhl poth`hðm, dl @cfhshðm A0; romihrì uml hmtorprotl`hðm l ùldquhor roquhshtc iod Ostìmilr. Dls hmtorprotl`hcmos sðdc puoiom sor ih`tlils om rospuostl l uml scdh`htui os`rhtl, omvhlil ld Po`rotlrhc io dl @cfhshðm A0;, LPFO, Ygroo [lrn Lvomuo, Muovl Xcrn, MX <;;<2?88;. Dl scdh`htui io hmtorprotl`hðm ioao sor `dlrl y shm lfahjôoilios. Liofìs, so ro`cfhomil quo od hmvosthjlicr prosomto su scdh`htui uthdhzlmic od shjuhomto bcrfltc. Lsumtc5 @htlr od mõforc(s) io pìrrlbc(s) y uml ios`rhp`hðm `cm`hsl. Oih`hðm5 @htlr dl oih`hðm iod vcdufom porthmomto plrl dl hmtorprotl`hðm scdh`htlil. [rojumtl5 Oxproslr dl projumtl `cfc uml scdh`htui io hmtorprotl`hðm io um roquhshtc ospo`æbh`c lioùlic plrl od omtomihfhomtc y usc jomorld, mc `cfc uml scdh`htui io lprcal`hðm io um ihsoüc io dl prcphoili c shtul`hðm. Od hmvosthjlicr tlfahèm puoio hm`duhr osquofls c ihauecs quo solm moòslrhcs plrl oxpdh`lr dl projumtl, shm ofalrjc, mc ioao `cmtomor mhmjuml hmbcrfl`hðm c mcfaros io dl prcphoili. Dls scdh`htuios quo mc ostìm om osto bcrfltc sorìm roos`rhtcs om osto bcrfltc pcr od @cfhtè lmtos io sor rospcmihils, ostc pciræl `lfahlr dl hmtom`hðm io dl scdh`htui crhjhmld. Dcs prcòihfhomtcs io LPFO plrl dl ro`cmshiorl`hðm io ùldquhor hmtorprotl`hðm, ùlmic, c sh dl hmbcrfl`hðm lih`hcmld puoil lbo`tlr dl hmtorprotl`hðm quo ostì ihspcmhado. Liofìs, dls porscmls ljrlvhlils pcr uml hmtorprotl`hðm puoiom lpodlr lmto od @cfhtè io LPFO c Pua`cfhshðm. LPFO mc "lpruoal", "òrthbh`l", "`cmshiorl" c "lpcyl" ùldquhor tofl, dl `cmstru``hðm, od ihspcshthvc prcphotlrhc c io dl l`thvhili. Po``hðm HR5 Hmstldl`hcmos muovls y oxhstomtos << (l) Bo`gl io vhjom`hl. Dl bo`gl io vhjom`hl io osto vcdufom, `cm od prcpðshtc io iobhmhr dls hmstldl`hcmos muovls y oxhstomtos sorì io < lüc iospuès io su bo`gl io ofhshðm. (a) Muovls hmstldl`hcmos. @cmstru``hðm, hmstldl`hðm, hmspo``hðm, vorhbh`l`hðm, flmtomhfhomtc y cporl`hðm io fìquhmls o hmstldl`hcmos `cmstruhils iospuès io dl bo`gl io vhjom`hl io osto vcdufom so leustlrì l dcs roquhshtcs cadhjltcrhcs io osto vcdufom. (`) Hmstldl`hcmos oxhstomtos. Hmspo``hðm, vorhbh`l`hðm, flmtomhfhomtc y cporl`hðm io fìquhmls o hmstldl`hcmos `cmstruhils `cm `cm lmtorhcrhili l dl bo`gl io vhjom`hl io osto vcdufom so roldhzlrì, sojõm `crrospcmil, io `cmbcrfhili `c mbcrfhili `cm dcs roquhshtcs io osto vcdufom. Mc os dl hmtom`hðm io osto vcdufom oxhjhr dl rotrc-lilptl`hðm io dcs oquhpcs oxhstomtos. Phm ofalrjc, ùlmic um tofl ostì shomic fcihbh`lic, sus roquhshtcs io oeoù`hðm sorìm sorìm rovhslics om rodl`hðm `cm od vcdufom l`tuld. Ph od romihfhomtc os sustlm`hldfomto ihboromto, dl moòshili io slthsblòr dcs roquhshtcs l`tuldos sorìm ovldulics pcr uml porscml `ldhbh`lil y sorì sodo``hcmlic pcr od prcphotlrhc (usulrhc). Dcs `lfahcs ` lfahcs ro`cfomilics so glrìm pcr od prcphotlrhc (usulrhc) iomtrc io < lüc. Po``hðm R5 Mcrfls cadhjltcrhls y `cmsudtlthvls Dls mcrfls cadhjltcrhls io osto vcdufom so `lrl`torhzlm pcr od usc io dl pldlarl ioao. Ph os uml ihspcsh`hðm io `lrì`tor `cmsudtlthvc, so hmih`l pcr od usc io dl pldlarl pciræl quo os uml ro`cfomil`hðm quo so tomirìm om ùomtl, plrl dl `cmvomhom`hl iod ùld iopomio dcs bl`tcros om `lil shtul`hðm. Po``hðm RH5 @cmvorshcmos fètrh`ls Dcs vldcros hmih`lics om umhilios Yrlih`hcmldos om dcs Ostlics _mhics, ioaom sor `cmshiorlics `cfc od Ostìmilr. BHJ. 1 @CMYQCD @ CMYQCD OM LPHOMYC P_[OQHCQ FCMYLIC PCAQO @LFHÐM @CFOQ@HLD <1 Jrõl5 jrõl io pdufl lrthùdlil. @dlshbh`l`hðm io dls jrõls5 dl jrõl sorì `dlshbh`lil om phos-dharl (M-f). Ostl `ldhbh`l`hðm sorì ostlado`hil fudthpdh`lmic dl `lrjl mcfhmld iod blarh`lmto pcr od rlihc fæmhfc io dl pdufl `cm dl pdufl om su pcsh`hðm rotrlæil gcrhzcmtld (tcics dls pdufls io oxtomshðm so omùomtrlm rotrlæils), od sojumic arlzc y od todos`cphc `cfpdotlfomto oxtomihics y dl ldturl io dl phm iod jlm`gc hjuld l dl ldturl iod phm iod prhfor arlzc [umtcs io omdlò5 om fõdthpdos `lpls icmio so omrcddl od `lado om od tlfacr, oscs pumtcs iod `lado glòm `cmtl`tc icmio od `lado `ruzl dl `lpl iod `lado lmtorhcr. [orscml ioshjmlil5 uml porscml sodo``hcmlil c ioshjmlil pcr od ofpdolic c pcr od roprosomtlmto iod ofpdolic, pcr sor `cfpotomto plrl roldhzlr tlrols tl rols ospo`æbh`ls. Ylfacr5 od fhofarc `hdæmirh`c ldroioicr io dl ùld so omrcddl um `lado plrl dl odovl`hðm y od iosòmsc io dl `lrjl. `lrjls ihmìfh`ls5 dls `lrjls hmtrciu`hils om dl fìquhml c om sus `cfpcmomtos, ioahic l dls buorzls io lòdorl`hðm c ioòdorl`hðm. lhsdlfhomtc odè`trh`c5 um fltorhld lioùlic quo so rodl`hcml `cm dl `lpl`hili iod fltorhld plrl roshsthr dl `cmiu``hðm io odo`trh`hili. eumtl io postlül ofpormlil5 um pumtc io `cmtl`tc omtro od `lado y dl arhil iod tlfacr icmio od `lado `lfahl sus `lpls. [rhfor arlzc( hmmor accf)5 od fhofarc ostru`turld, umhic ld fìsthd, quo scpcrtl c odovl dl pdufl(s) oxtorhcr(os). @hdhmirc io arlzc (bdy eha)5 `cfpcmomto hmstldlic om uml pdufl lrthùdlil c bhelil `cm c shm so``hcmos io pdufl oxtomshados quo ostl ostl lieumtl ld sojumic arlzc (cutor accf). @hdhmirc io dovlmto io prhfor arlzc 5 `hdhmirc ghirìudh`c od ùld dovlmtl porfhto quo od prhfor arlzc so oxthomil c so odovo. [hvct io arlzc5 dl lrthùdl`hðm scaro od ùld od prhfor arlzc arlzc os dovlmtlic c rotrlæic `cm rospo`tc ld fìsthd. trlalec io `lrjl5 dl `lrjl oxtorml om dharls (nj) quo so lpdh`l l dl jrõl, hm`duhic od posc io dl `lrjl io dcs oquhpcs vhmùdlics om od hzleo, `cfc dls osdhmjls, jrhddotos. <0 BHJ. 0 @CMYQCD @ CMYQCD OM LPHOMYC P_[OQHCQ FCMYLIC PCAQO @LFHÐM @CFOQ@HLD adcquo io `lrjl hmborhcr5 dl roumhðm iod jlm`gc, jrhddoto, jhrltcrhcs, pcdols, phmos y flr`c suspomihic pcr od `lado io hzleo. Adcquo io `lrjl suporhcr5 dl roumhðm iod jrhddoto, jhrltcrhcs, pcdols, phmos y flr`c suspomihic iod pumtc io dl pdufl. Jlm`gc io `lrjl5 um `cfpcmomto ostru`turld, quo so bhel ld sojumic arlzc, l dcs todos`cphcs, dls oxtomshcmos, c dl dæmol io `lrjl y so uthdhzl plrl sueotlr dls `lrjls l dl jrõl. Hmih`licr io `lrjl5 um ihspcshthvc quo fhio od posc io dl `lrjl. Qlihc io `lrjl5 dl ihstlm`hl gcrhzcmtld iosio dl dæmol òmtrld io rctl`hðm glstl dl dæmol òmtrld iod phm iod jlm`gc om ùldquhor pcsh`hðm io dl pdufl. Rldcros io `lrjl5 vldcros om dharls (nhdcjrlfcs), ostlado`hics pcr od blarh`lmto. _mhili prhm`hpld (also)5 dl also ostl`hcmlrhl io dl jrõl quo scpcrtl od fìsthd c dl tcrmlfosl Fìsthd5 um flr`c plrl usc om `cmoxhðm od ùld scpcrtl dl pdufl io dl umhili prhm`hpld c also. Ioshjml`hðm iod fciodc5 mõforc iod fciodc iod blarh`lmto plrl jrõls io pdufl lrthùdlil. fcmtleo c dl suspomshðm io dl vhjl5 um fhofarc ostru`turld uthdhzlic om um `cmòptc io fcmtleo io tros pumtcs, quo porfhto quo od flr`c iod `glshs jhro c trlmsbhorl dl `lrjl io dl jrõl l dcs `lrrhdos iod `glshs. Ostru`turl io fcmtleo5 dl ostru`turl om dl quo dl jrõl ostì fcmtlil. <9 Ihspcshthvcs io mc odovl`hðm5 ihspcshthvcs lieumtcs l dl jrõl quo oeoròm ihboromtos bum`hcmos ihsthmtls l dls io um dovlmtlfhomtc, tldos `cfc alrromls/tldlircs `cfpl`tlicrls/lphscmlicrls y flrthddcs ghirìudh`cs. @cmih`hcmos mcrfldos io bum`hcmlfhomtc Bum`hcmlfhomtc io dl jrõl iosio od lshomtc suporhcr-, `lahml-, ostl`hðm5 dls `cmih`hcmos om dls quo uml jrõl ostì roldhzlmic dls bum`hcmos iomtrc iod ìfahtc iod ihsoüc crhjhmld. Alec ostls `cmih`hcmos, od cporlicr ostì om dcs `cmtrcdos io cporl`hðm om dl jrõl y mhmjuml ctrl porscml ostì om dl jrõl. BHJ. 9 Hmstldl`hðm ostl`hcmlrhl BHJ. ? Hmstldl`hðm scaro rhodos BHJ. 2 Fcmtlic scaro rofcdquo c pdltlbcrfl <? BHJ. : Fcmtlic scaro uml also io rhod iosdhzlado scaro pdltlbcrfl BHJ. 7 Rogæùdc tcic torromc BHJ. 8 Ostl`hðm io `cmtrcd iuld fcmtlic scaro ruoils tcic torromc BHJ. <; Ostl`hðm io `cmtrcd shfpdo fcmtlic scaro ddlmtls tcic torromc BHJ. << Ostl`hðm io `cmtrcd shfpdo fcmtlic scaro crujls tcic torromc DOXOMIL [LQL DLP BHJ_QLP <1, <0, <9 X <? <2 L ìmjudc io dl lrthùdl`hðm ‐ od ìmjudc pcr icmio od sojumic arlzc so fuovo iosio su @L @J rotrl``hðm `cfpdotl glstl su oxtomshðm `cfpdotl iod `hdhmirc io odovl`hðm iod sojumic arlzc (Bhj. <0) dcmjhtui gcrhzcmtld io `lahml l oeo io ruoil - dl ihstlm`hl iosio dl plrto trlsorl io dl `lahml iod `glshs l dl dæmol òmtrld iod oeo trlsorc c io icado oeo (Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)) òmtrc io jrlvoili io dl jrõl (Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)) @JG òmtrc io jrlvoili gcrhzcmtld io dl jrõl, ‐ dl ihstlm`hl gcrhzcmtld iosio dl dæmol òmtrld @JD @JR @G @DD @DQ I O< O1 B BC J@ JD GL GQ G< G1 io rctl`hðm gl`hl od òmtrc iod posc io dl pdufl `cfpdotlfomto rotrlæil y julrilil(Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)) òmtrc io jrlvoili io dl jrõl, dcmjhtuihmld ‐ od òmtrc dcmjhtuihmld io dl jrlvoili foihic iosio od òmtrc io dl dæmol io rctl`hðm gl`hl od òmtrc iod posc io dl pdufl `cfpdotlfomto rotrlæil y julrilil (Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)) òmtrc io jrlvoili io dl jrõl, vorth`ld ‐ od òmtrc vorth`ld io jrlvoili foihic iosio dl suporbh`ho iod flr`c c also gl`hl od òmtrc iod posc io dl pdufl `cfpdotlfomto rotrlæil y julrilil (Bhj. <1 ihauec (l)) ldturl io dl jrõl - foih`hðm tctld io dl ldturl iosio dl suporbh`ho iod flr`c also io dl jrõl gl`hl od pumtc fìs ldtc io dl jrõl ùlmic dl pdufl ostì `cfpdotlfomto rotrlæil y julrilil. (Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)). uah`l`hðm iod òmtrc io dæmol io rctl`hðm, dcmjhtuihmld - dl ihstlm`hl plrldodl plrldodl gcrhzcmtld l dl dæmol dcmjhtuihmld òmtrld iod `glshs iod oeo trlsorc iod `glshs l dl dæmol òmtrld iod fìsthd dæmol òmtrld io rctl`hðm - od oeo vorth`ld iod fìsthd scaro od quo jhrl (Bhj. <1 ihauec (l)) prcbumihili io dl jrõl ‐ ospl`hc io dl vhjl io suspomshðm plrl jrõls io pc`l ihstlm`hl (Bhj. <1, ihauec (`)) odovl`hðm pcr ioalec io dl gcrhzcmtld ‐ od iospdlzlfhomtc iod jlm`gc plrl um iosòmsc fìxhfc pcr ioalec io dl gcrhzcmtld (Bhj. <9) odovl`hðm pcr om`hfl io dl gcrhzcmtld ‐ od iospdlzlfhomtc io dl jrõl plrl uml odovl`hðm fìxhfl pcr om`hfl io dl gcrhzcmtld (Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)) ldturl iod `glshs - dl ldturl io dl plrto suporhcr iod rhod iod `glshs pcr om`hfl iod mhvod iod suodc (Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)) vcdlihzc iodlmtorc ‐dl ihstlm`hl iosio od prhfor oeo oeo iodlmtorc io dl `lahml gl`hl plrto brcmtld iod `lfhðm (Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)) ihstlm`hl iod suodc ‐ dl ihstlm`hl io dl plrto fìs alel io dl jrõl gl`hl od suodc (Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)) mhvod iod suodc ‐ dl suporbh`ho (so lsufo quo os pdlml y mhvodlil)om icmio od vogæùdc so lpcyl (Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)) lprcxhfl`hðm iod jlm`gc, gcrhzcmtld y vorth`ld ‐ dl ihstlm`hl gcrhzcmtld iosio dl dæmol òmtrld io rctl`hðm gl`hl dl dæmol òmtrld iod phm iod jlm`gc y dl ihstlm`hl vorth`ld iosio dl jrõl fcmtlil om dl suporbh`ho suporbh`ho gl`hl dl dæmol òmtrld òmtrld iod phm iod jlm`gc ùlmic od prhfor arlzc ostì om su fìxhfl odovl`hðm, y od sojumic arlzc ostì tctldfomto rotrlæil, y tcils dls oxtomshcmos io dl pdufl ostìm tctldfomto rotrlæils (Bhj. <0) ldturl iod jlm`gc, rotrl``hðm fìxhfl ‐ dl ldturl pcr om`hfl iosio dl dæmol òmtrld iod ostlahdhzlicr gl`hl od òmtrc iod phm iod jlm`gc tomhomic dcs arlzc osthrlics y dls so``hcmos rotrlæils om uml fìxhfl odovl`hðm(Bhj. <1, ihauec (a)) ldturl iod jlm`gc, fìxhfc io dl prhforl oxtomshðm ‐ dl ldturl pcr om`hfl iosio dl dæmol òmtrld iod ostlahdhzlicr gl`hl od òmtrc iod phm iod jlm`gc tomhomic dcs arlzc osthrlics glstl prhforl oxtomshðm sldhomto y dls iofìs so``hcmos rotrlæils om uml fìxhfl odovl`hðm(B hj. <1, ihauec (a)) ldturl iod jlm`gc, fìxhfc io dl sojumil oxtomshðm ‐ dl ldturl pcr om`hfl iosio dl dæmol òmtrld iod ostlahdhzlicr gl`hl od òmtrc iod phm iod jlm`gc tomhomic dcs arlzc osthrlics <: G0 G9 FC [ Q QQ Q< Q1 Q0 Q9 QC P Z ZA glstl dl sojumil oxtomshðm sldhomto y dls iofìs so``hcmos rotrlæils om uml fìxhfl odovl`hðm (Bhj. <1, ihauec (a)) ldturl iod jlm`gc, fìxhfc io dl toròrl oxtomshðm (Bhj. <1, ihauec (a)) ldturl fìxhfl, fìxhfc io dl ùlrtl oxtomshðm (Bhj. <1, ihauec (a)) fìsthd iosvhlic ‐ dl ihstlm`hl gcrhzcmtld foihic iosio od òmtrc io dl also glstl od oeo iod `glshs iod vogæùdc (Bhj. <1, ihauec (a)) ostlahdhzlicr vorth`ld io iospdlzlfhomtc ‐ dl ihstlm`hl foihil iosio od pumtc fìs alec iod ostlahdhzlicr gl`hl dl jltl iod vìstljc vorth`ld quo so lpcyl om od suodc, puihèmicso `cmshiorlrso glstl su oxtomshðm `cfpdotl(Bhj. <1, ihauec (a)) rlihc io dl `lrjl ‐ dl ihstlm`hl gcrhzcmtld iosio dl dæmol òmtrld io rctl`hðm io dl jrõl l dl dæmol òmtrld iod phm iod jlm`gc om ùldquhor pcsh`hðm io dl pdufl (BHJ. <1 <1,, IHA_EC (A)) ld`lmò gcrhzcmtld, rotrlæic - dl ihstlm`hl iosio dl dæmol òmtrld io rctl`hðm io dl jrõl l dl dæmol òmtrld iod phm iod jlm`gc io dl jrõl tomhomic tcils dcs arlzcs gcrhzcmtldos y tcils dls oxtomshcmos tctldfomto rotrlæils (Bhj. <1, ihauec (a)) ld`lmò gcrhzcmtld, prhforl oxtomshðm ‐ dl ihstlm`hl iosio dl dæmol òmtrld io rctl`hðm io dl jrõl l dl dæmol òmtrld òmtrld iod phm iod jlm`gc io dl jrõl tomhomic tcils dcs arlzcs gcrhzcmtldos, dl prhforl oxtomshðm y dls iofìs iofìs oxtomshcmos rotrlæils rotrlæils (Bhj. <1, ihauec (a)) ld`lmò gcrhzcmtld, sojumil oxtomshðm (Bhj. <1, ihauec (a)) ld`lmò gcrhzcmtld, toròrl oxtomshðm (Bhj. <1, ihauec (a)) ld`lmò gcrhzcmtld, ùlrtl oxtomshðm (Bhj. <1, ihauec (a)) vcdlihzc trlsorc ‐dl ‐dl ihstlm`hl iosio dl plrto fìs trlsorl iod vogæùdc c io dl jrõl iotrìs iod oeo trlsorc ld òmtrc iod oeo trlsorc om dl pcsh`hðm io iospdlzlfhomtc iod oquhpc (Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)) oxtomshðm iod ostlahdhzlicr - dl ihstlm`hl foihil omtro dls dæmols òmtrldos io dc dcss vìstljcs vorth`ldos lpcylics om od mhvod iod suodc l uml oxtomshðm fìxhfl (Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)) lm`gc io dl umhili om dl pcsh`hðm mc hmstldlil (Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)) ihstlm`hl omtro oeos (Bhj. <1, ihauec (l)) BHJ. <1 IOBHMH@HCMOP IO DLP OP[O@HBH@L@HCMOP IO DLP JQÕLP LQYH@_DLILP <7 BHJ. <1 IOBHMH@CMOP IO OP[O@HBH@L@HCMOP [LQL JQÕLP IO LQYH@_DL@HÐM (@cmthmul`hðm) <8 BHJ. <1 IOBHMH@CMOP IO OP[O@HBH@L@HCMOP [LQL JQÕLP IO LQYH@_DL@HÐM (@cmthmul`hðm) BHJ. <0 LD@LM@O IOD JLM@GC 1; BHJ. <9 ODORL@HCM [CQ IOALEC IO DL GCQHUCMYLD BHJ. <? ODORL@HCM [CQ OM@HFL IO DL GCQHUCMYLD Bum`hcmlfhomtc io dl jrõl iosio dl thorrl c od suodc5 dls `cmih`hcmos om dls quo uml jrõl ostì roldhzlmic bum`hcmos iomtrc iod ìfahtc iod ihsoüc crhjhmld. Alec ostls `cmih`hcmos, od c cporlicr porlicr 1< ostì om dcs `cmtrcdos io bum`hcmlfhomtc fcmtlics om dl jrõl, porc os cporlic `cm od cporlicr buorl io dl jrõl y `cm mhmjuml ctrl porscml om dl jrõl. Bum`hcmlfhomtc io dl jrõl io bcrfl rofctl5 dls `cmih`hcmos om dls quo dl jrõl ostì roldhzlmic bum`hcmos iomtrc iod ìfahtc iod ihsoüc crhjhmld. Alec ostls `cmih`hcmos, od cporlicr ostì om dcs `cmtrcdos io bum`hcmlfhomtc quo mc ostìm ihro`tlfomto fcmtlils l ùldquhor plrto io dl jrõl y `cm mhmjuml ctrl porscml om dl jrõl. [dufl oxtorhcr5 od fhofarc ostru`turld, ligorhic l dl pdufl hmtorml, quo scpcrtl od todos`cphc (eha accf). <. 1. Ostlahdhzlicr [dltc ostlahdhzlicr 0. @hdhmirc ostlahdhzlicr, vorth`ld 11 9. _mhili prhm`hpld c also ?. Puspomshðm io ostlahdhzlicr 2. Yhpc io `hdhmirc io rctl`hðm (rctl`hðm) :. Fìsthd, pdltlbcrfl jhrltcrhl 7. @cmtrcdos 8. @hdhmirc odovlicr iod prhfor arlzc <;. [hvcto iod prhfor arlzc <<. [rhfor arlzc <1. @hdhmirc iod sojumic arlzc <0. [hvcto iod sojumic arlzc <9. Pojumic arlzc <?. @hdhmirc iod todos`cphc c pdufl <2. [hvct iod todos`cphc <:. Yodos`cphc <7. @hdhmirc io oxtomshðm io dl pdufl <8. Oxtomshcmos io dl pdufl (umc c fìs) 1;. Jlm`gc io dl `lrjl 1<. L``hcmlfhomtc io rctl`hðm (rctl`hðm, thpc io `lel io omjrlmleos 11. @hdhmirc ostlahdhzlicr, gcrhzcmtld 10. Zhm`go BHJ. <2 FCFOM@DLY_QL [LQL DLP JQÕLP LQYH@_DLILP @hdhmirc iod sojumic arlzc5 od `hdhmirc ghirìudh`c quo dovlmtl y ios`homio od sojumic arlzc `cm rodl`hðm ld prhfor arlzc. phvcto iod sojumic arlzc5 od phm gcrhzcmtld scaro od quo so odovl y ios`homio od sojumic arlzc om rodl`hðm ld prhfor arlzc `lrjl õthd5 dl `lrjl c `lrjls shomic trlmspcrtlils pcr od `glshs io dcs `lfhcmos `cfor`hldos io um dujlr l ctrc. porscml `ldhbh`lil5 uml porscml quo, pcr dl pcsoshðm io um ihpdcfl ro`cmc`hic om um `lfpc io lpdh`l`hðm c io um òrthbh`lic io prcboshcmld, c pcr um lfpdhc `cmc`hfhomtc, bcrfl`hðm y oxporhom`hl, gl iofcstrlic `cm èxhtc dl `lpl`hili io roscdvor c scdu`hcmlr prcadofls rodl`hcmlics `cm od lsumtc y od trlalec. Qoovhmj5 um shstofl io `lados, om dl ùld od `lado io iospdlzl ldroioicr io dcs tlfacros y dls pcdols. @lado5 so robhoro ld `lado fotìdh`c l fomcs quo so ospo`hbhquo dc `cmtrlrhc. @lado roshstomto l dl rctl`hðm5 um tomihic io `lados quo `cmstl io uml `lpl hmtorml hmtorml io bhdlfomtcs om uml ihro``hðm ùahortc pcr uml `lpl io ghdcs tomihics om dl ihro``hðm cpuostl> ostc thomo od obo`tc io `cmtrlrrostlr od tcrquo, roiu`homic dl tomiom`hl io dcs l`lalics iod `lado plrl jhrlr. @lado om cporl`hðm5 um `lado quo so iospdlzl ldroioicr io pcdols c tlfacros. Ioao c Ioaorì5 hmih`l quo dl mcrfl os cadhjltcrhl y ioao sor sojuhil. 10 [cdol5 uml ruoil `cm rlmurl c pcdol/rcdilml pcdol/rcdilml pcr icmio od `lado so so iospdlzl. [uoio5 hmih`l quo dl mcrfl os uml ro`cfomil`hðm, dl `cmvomhom`hl iopomio io dls `hrùmstlm`hls io `lil shtul`hðm y io dc quo hmihquo od blarh`lmto. @lrjl dltorld5 uml `lrjl lpdh`lil l um ìmjudc iod pdlmc vorth`ld io dl pdufl. Ostlahdhili5 uml `cmih`hðm om dl ùld dl sufl io dcs fcfomtcs quo thomiom ld ostlic io vuod`c iod oquhpc os hmborhcr l dl sufl io dcs fcfomtcs io roshstom`hl ld vuod`c. Ostlahdhzlicr5 dcs ostlahdhzlicros scm fhofarcs fhofarcs oxtomshados c bhecs lieum lieumtcs tcs dl suspomshðm io dl also iod ostlahdhzlicr quo shrvom plrl lufomtlr dl ostlahdhili io dl jrõl, porc quo puoiom mc tomor dl `lpl`hili io ldhvhlr tcic od posc io dls ruoils. @hdhmirc ostlahdhzlicr gcrhzcmtld5 um `hdhmirc ghirìudh`c quo oxthomio od ostlahdhzlicr. @hdhmirc ostlahdhzlicr vorth`ld5 um `hdhmirc ghirìudh`c quo ios`homio od pdltc ostlahdhzlicr ostlahdhzlicr l dl suporbh`ho io dl thorrl. [dltc ostlahdhzlicr5 od fhofarc ostru`turld quo ihstrhauyo dl umhili io `lrjl gl`hl dl suporbh`ho io dl thorrl. Jrõl ostìmilr5 sojõm dc iobhmhic pcr pcr od blarh`lmto. @cfpotom`hl ostru`turld5 dl `lpl`hili io dl fìquhml y sus `cfpcmomtos plrl roshsthr od ostrès hfpuostc pcr dls `lrjls lpdh`lils iomtrc io dcs vldcros io dl jrõl. Pwhmj (rctl`hðm)5 dl rctl`hðm iod fìsthd y dl pdufl plrl od fcvhfhomtc io `lrjls om ihro``hðm gcrhzcmtld scaro od oeo io rctl`hðm. Pwhmj (rctl`hðm) dcs `hdhmircs5 ics `hdhmircs cpuostcs io shfpdo obo`tc quo l`tõlm om uml trlmsfhshðm quo omjlm`gl od phüðm iod fìsthd c tcrmlfosl io dl jrõl. fo`lmhsfc io swhmj (rctl`hðm)5 od `cmeumtc io ihspcshthvcs ihspcshthvcs quo plrth`hplm plrth`hplm plrl dl rctl`hðm io dl tcrmlfosl y dl pdufl. Jhrltcrhl5 um l`òscrhc io hzleo quo porfhto dl rctl`hðm io dl `lrjl om um pdlmc porpomihùdlr l dl ihro``hðm io dl `lrjl. Jhrltcrhls5 dl rctl`hðm iod adcquo iod jlm`gc scaro su oeo io suspomshðm suspomshðm om rodl`hðm `cm dls dæmols io `lrjl (s). [dufl todos`ðph`l5 `cmshsto io uml pdufl quo l plrthr io dl ùld uml c fìs so``hcmos io dl pdufl scm todos`ðph`ls plrl uml dcmjhtui lih`hcmld. Yomiom`hl l vcd`lrso5 vèlso ostlahdhili. trlmspcrto5 od trlsdlic c trlmspcrto io uml jrõl io um dujlr l ctrc dujlr. iospdlzlfhomtc5 dl bum`hðm io dl fìquhml fcvhèmicso pcr su prcphl pctom`hl c pcr sus prcphcs foihcs io um dujlr l ctrc. 19 `lrl`toræsth`l io provom`hðm io ilücs iod lmth-twc-adc`n 5 um shstofl quo iotomirì od oquhpc sh cùrro od adcquoc iod lmth-twc-adc`n, shm `luslr ilücs ld `lado iod whm`go c l dcs `cfpcmomtos io dl jrõl. Lmth-twc-adc`n5 dl `cmih`hðm om dl quo dl plsto`l c jlm`gc jlm`gc omtrl om `cmtl`tc `cm dl plrto suporhcr iod `cmeumtc io pcdol om dl mlrhz io dl pdufl. Ihstlm`hl omtro oeos5 dl ihstlm`hl omtro òmtrcs io dcs oeos iodlmtorc y trlsorc. [lrl um fcmtleo io fõdthpdos oeos, so tcfl dl foihil iod oeo iod òmtrc io dl ihstlm`hl omtro oeos om od pumtc foihc iod fcmtleo. [osc io dl jrõl5 od posc io dl jrõl `cm pdufl lrthùdlil ostìmilr iod blarh`lmto. Dhsto pcr soplrlic, dcs poscs io dcs ætofs cp`hcmldos tldos `cfc dl acfal ghirìudh`l, lòhto ghirìudh`c, `cmtrlposc, dlstro, l`òscrhcs y oquhpcs lülihics pcr od hmstldlicr. Zhm`go (whm`go)5 um fctcr io tlfacr c altoræl `lplz io dovlmtlr y alelr `lrjls. Po``hðm 11-;.05 Qoborom`hls Iomtrc iod toxtc, so glò roborom`hl l dls shjuhomtos puadh`l`hcmos, ùyls `cphls puoiom catomorso om dls oihtcrhldos, `cfc so hmih`l. Ioplrtlfomtc io Ostìmilros io Yrlmspcrto io dcs Ostlics _mhics. Oihtcrhld5 Puporhmtomiomto io Icùfomtcs, Cbh`hml io Hfproshðm iod Jcahormc Ostlicumhiomso, Zlsghmjtcm, I@. 1;9;1 LMPH / LZP I<9.0-71, Ospo`hbh`l`hcmos io scdiliurl plrl flquhmlrhl io `cmstru``hðm y fcvhfhomtc io thorrl. ¸ Oihtcrhld5 Lforh`lm Zodihmj Pc`hoty, ??; MZ Do Eoumo Qcli, Fhlfh, BD 00<0? LMPH / PLO E:2?.C`t8;, @ðihjc io [ruoal io ostlahdhili io dl jrõl io `lrjl¸ LMPH / PLO E<;20-C`t7;, @lmthdovoroi arlzc io jrõl Ptru`turos - Fètcic io pruoal ¸ Oihtcr5 Pc`hoty cb Lutcfcthvo Omjhmoors. Hm`., 9;; @cffcmwoldtg Irhvo, Zwlrrlmildo, [L <?;82 LPFO A0;.8-<882, Osdhmjls ¸ LFO A0;.<;-<880, Jlm`gcs ¸ Oihtcrhld5 Dl Pc`hoili Lforh`lml io Hmjomhorcs Fo`ìmh`cs, Ygroo [lrn Lvomuo, Muovl Xcrn, MX <;;<2> Ioplrtlfomtc io Criom5 11 io dl Doy Irhvo, Acx 10;;, Blhrbhodi, ME ;:;;:. ¸Ylfahèm puoio sor catomhic l trlvès io Lforh`lm Mlthcmld Ptlmilris Hmsthtuto, Hmsthtuto, << Zost 91mi Ptroot, Muovl Xcrn, MX <;;02. @lpætudc 11-< @cmstru``hðm y @lrl`toræsth`ls Po``hðm 11-<.<5 Rldcros io `lrjl 11-<.<.< Dl Rldcrl`hðm io `lrjl ` lrjl icmio dl ostlahdhili iotorfhml od romihfhomtc io dl odovl`hðm. 1? (l) Od flrjom io ostlahdhili plrl dl iotorfhml`hðm io dcs vldcros io dl `lrjl, `cm dls pdufls io uml dcmjhtui iotorfhmlil `cm um rlihc io trlalec osthpudlic plrl dcs ihvorscs thpcs io jrõls fcmtlils, so ostladoò tcflmic um pcròmtleo io dls `lrjls quo prciu`hrì uml `cmih`hðm io vcd`liurl c iosoquhdharhc `cm dl pdufl om dl ihro``hðm fomcs ostlado, om rodl`hðm `cm dl ostru`turl io jhrc iod oquhpc. Dcs vldcros io dl `lrjl mc ioaorì suporlr dcs shjuhomtos pcròmtleos io jrõls, iurlmto dl pruoal io `cmbcrfhili `cm LMPH / PLO E:2? plrl hmih`lics thpcs io fcmtleo. Yhpcs io jrõl fcmtlils @lfhðm `cfor`hld fcmtlic scaro jrõl `cm ostlahdhzlicros oxtomihics y bhecs Lutcfctcr, shm ostlahdhzlicr io lpcyc iod (Mctl (<)) Yrl`tcr crujl(`rlwdor)shm ostlahdhzlicr io lpcyc Yrl`tcr crujl, uthdhzlmic ostlahdhzlicros `cfpdotlfomto oxtomihic y bhecs Quoils fcmtlils shm ostlahdhzlicros io lpcyc Quoils fcmtlils uthdhzlmic ostlahdhzlicros `cfpdotlfomto oxtomihic y bhecs Rldcros io `lrjl fìxhfl % 7? 7? :? 7? :? 7? MCYL5 (<) @cfc foihil io pro`lu`hðm, fhomtrls so pruoal plrl vldcros dharos, dcs ostlahdhzlicros ioaom lpdh`lrso vljlfomto5 od `lrrhd io sueo`hðm mc ioao uthdhzlrso. (a) Dl obh`l`hl io ostcs bl`tcros io ostlahdhili lmtorhcros so vorì hmbduhic pcr bl`tcros supdofomtlrhcs tldos `cfc dls `lrjls dharofomto suspomihils, rhodos, vhomtc c dls `cmih`hcmos iod suodc> `cmih`hðm io hmbdlic io moufìth`cs om `lrrotorl ilils pcr od blarh`lmto io dl jrõl hmih`lmic dl proshðm mcfhmld io dls ddlmtls io `lu`gc5 dcmjhtuios io dl pdufl, vodc`hilios lprcphlils io cporl`hðm plrl dl `cmih`hðm l`tuld5 y, om jomorld, cporl`hðm ùhilicsl y `cfpotomto. 11-<.<.1 Rldcros io dl `lrjl icmio dl `cfpotom`hl ostru`turld iotorfhml od iosofpoüc io dl odovl`hðm (l) Dcs vldcros io dl `lrjl plrl ldjumcs rlihcs ostìm dhfhtlics pcr dl ostlahdhili io dl jrõl. Phm ofalrjc, om ldjumcs io dcs dc s rlmjcs io bum`hcmlfhomtc, dcs vldcros ioaom dhfhtlrso pcr ctrcs bl`tcros quo mc solm io ostlahdhili, tldos `cfc dls `cmih`hcmos ios`rhtls l `cmthmul`hðm. (<) Dcs vldcros io dl `lrjl om ldjumcs rlihcs puoiom alslrso om `cfpotom`hls ostru`turlils io dl jrõl om om dujlr io ostlahdhili. ostlahdhili. (1) _m fcmtleo lshfètrh`c roquhoro uml `lrjl flycr plrl prciu`hr uml io dls `cmih`hcmos io vuod`c om om uml ihro``hðm ihsthmtl l dl io fomcs ostlahdhili om icmio so glm ostlado`hic dcs vldcros io `lrjl. [cr dc tlmtc, sh dls ospo`hbh`l`hcmos io dl jrõl hm`duyom vldcros vldcros lih`hcmldos plrl ihro``hcmos fomcs ostlados, tldos vldcros tlfahèm puoiom sor iotorfhmlics pcr `cfpotom`hl ostru`turld quo mc sol io ostlahdhili. [lrl tldos vldcros lih`hcmldos ospo`hbh`lics, od ìrol io trlalec ioao io ostlr hmih`lic, y plrl lquoddcs vldcros quo puoiom sor iotorfhmlics pcr od vuod`c io dls `lrjls, dcs bl`tcros bl`tcros io pcròmtleo lpdh`lados om od pìrrlbc 11<.<.< (l) mc pcirì suporlrso. (a) [lrl tcils dls lpdh`l`hcmos pcr od blarh`lmto, mc ioaom suporlrso.cporl`hcmldos, dcs vldcros io dl jrõl io `lrjl ostlado`hics 11-<.<.0 Yladl io vldcros io `lrjl 12 (l) _ml tladl c tladls io vldcros iurliorcs `cm dotrls y `hbrls ioaom hm hm`duhrso `duhrso `cm `lil jrõl y so lieumtl om um dujlr vhshado plrl od cporlicr, fhomtrls so omùomtro om dcs `cmtrcdos. Dcs iltcs y dl hmbcrfl`hðm quo ioaom bl`hdhtlrso om ostls tladls ioaom hm`duhr, shm dhfhtlrso l, dc shjuhomto5 (<) um rlmjc io dcs vldcros io `lrjl io dl jrõl ilils pcr od blarh`lmto om rlihcs io bum`hcmlfhomtc osthpudlics, ìrols io trlalec, dcmjhtuios io pdufl, `cmbhjurl`hcmos y dcmjhtuios io arlzc> (1) om dls zcmls icmio mc so flmhpudl `lrjl c mc so ios`homio `lrjls, um jrìbh`c iod ìrol io trlalec c dl tladl io dcs vldcros io `lrjl ioaom fcstrlso> (0) dcs roovhmj (shstofl io lrflic io `lado plrl dl pdufl) ro`cfomilics plrl dls dæmols io dls jrõls ioaom fcstrlrso sh dl jrõl ostì oquhplil `cm um whm`go. (<) tladl io proshðm io ddlmtl ro`cfomilil, sh lpdh`l> (1) mctls `lutodlros c mctls io livortom`hl om rodl`hðm `cm dls dhfhtl`hcmos io dcs oquhpcs y prcòihfhomtcs cporlthvcs> (0) dl fìxhfl dcmjhtui todos`ðph`l io iospdlzlfhomtc io `lil so``hðm io dl pdufl> (9) sh dls so``hcmos scm todos`ðph`ls l``hcmlils l trlvès io pctom`hl c scm flmuldos> (?) Poùom`hl y prcòihfhomtc plrl dl oxtomshðm y rotrl``hðm io dl so``hðm todos`ðph`l io dl pdufl> (2) @lrjl fìxhfl porfhthil iurlmto od bum`hcmlfhomtc rold io dl oxtomshðm io dl pdufl, y ùldquhor dhfhtl`hðm io dls `cmih`hcmos c livortom`hls> (:) `cmbhjurl`hðm ospo`hbh`lil io dl vìdvudl ghirìudh`l pcr od blarh`lmto> (7) sh dl jrõl ostì oquhplil `cm um fo`lmhsfc odovlicr io `lrjl, dls plrtos ro`cfomilils iod whm`go plrl od lrflic io `lado plrl dl pdufl (gchst roovhmj), od tlflüc, dl iurl`hðm y od thpc io `lado plrl ihvorsls jrõls io `lrjls y ihljrlfl iod gchst roovhmj ro`cfomilic. Po``hðm 11-<.15 Odovl`hðm io dl pdufl, [dufl Yodos`ðph`l y Fo`lmhsfc io odovl`hðm io dl `lrjl 11-<.1.< Fo`lmhsfc io odovl`hðm io dl pdufl hmtorhcr y oxtorhcr (l) Od `hdhmirc iod prhfor arlzc, iod sojumic arlzc y od `hdhmirc(s) io dl pdufl sorìm `lplòs io odovlr, iosòmior y `cmtrcdlr dls pdufls `cm `lrjl mcfhmld y ioaorìm sor `lplz io scstomor dl pdufl y dl `lrjl mcfhmld shm l``hðm pcr od cporlicr. (a) _m ihspcshthvc io rotom`hðm Hmtojrldfomto fcmtlic (tldos `cfc dl vìdvudl io rotom`hðm io dl `lrjl c vìdvudl `go`n) so l`cmi`hcmlrì om od `hdhmirc (s) plrl ovhtlr od iosòmsc hm`cmtrcdlic io dl pdufl (s) om od `lsc io quo blddo um `cfpcmomto iod shstofl ghirìudh`c (pcr oeofpdc, ùlmic so ilüo uml flmjuorl). 11-<.1.1 [dufls Yodos`ðph`ls (l) Dl oxtomshðm y dl rotrl``hðm io dls so``hcmos io dls pdufls puoiom dcjrlrso l trlvès io flmics ghirìudh`cs, fo`ìmh`cs c flmuldos. (a) Dls bum`hcmos l``hcmlils pcr um shstofl io pctom`hl io oxtomshðm y rotrl``hðm, sorìm `lplòs io `cmtrcdlr dl `lrjl mcfhmld. (`) _m ihspcshthvc io rotom`hðm hmtojrldfomto fcmtlic (tldos `cfc dl vìdvudl io rotom`hðm io dl `lrjl) so l`cmih`hcmlrì om od `hdhmirc (s) plrl ovhtlr od iosòmsc hm`cmtrcdlic io dl pdufl (s) om od `lsc io quo blddo um shstofl ghirìudh`c (pcr oeofpdc, dl rupturl io uml flmjuorl ghirìudh`l). 11-<.1.0 Fo`lmhsfc io odovl`hðm io `lrjl (Flquhmls oquhpls scdlfomto s cdlfomto plrl dl odovl`hðm io `lrjl) 1: (l) Od fo`lmhsfc io odovl`hðm puoio `cmshsthr io um whm`go c `hdhmirc ghirìudh`c `cm um shstofl io pcdols y l`òscrhcs plrl lrflr od `lado. (a) Omslfadleo iod whm`go. Od omslfadleo iod tlfacr iod whm`go tomirì dls `lrl`toræsth`ls io pctom`hl y io cporlthvhili plrl ddovlr l `lac tcils dls odovl`hcmos io `lrjl y dls bum`hcmos io iosòmsc roquorhils om od sorvh`hc io jrõl ùlmic scm cporlils alec dls `cmih`hcmos ro`cfomilils. (<) @ulmic so uthdhzlm dcs bromcs `cm dcs tlfacros iod whm`go, quo ioaorìm sor iod tlflüc y io dl `lpl`hili tèrfh`l mcfhmld plrl `cmtrcdlr tcils dls jrõls io `lrjls mcfhmldos `cm um fæmhfc ro`cfomilic io l`òscrhcs plrl od lrflic iod `lado. Dcs bromcs ioaorìm ostlr prcvhstcs io leustos, ùlmic sol moòslrhc, plrl `cfpomslr od hmih`licr io iosjlsto iod bcrrc iod bromc y plrl flmtomor dl buorzl om dcs roscrtos, om icmio so uthdhzlm. (1) Dcs tlfacros iod whm`go tomirìm dl `lpl`hili `lpl`h ili iod `lado `cm od tlflüc ro`cfomilic y `cm dcs l`òscrhcs plrl od lrflic iod `lado plrl roldhzlr sorvh`hcs io jrõl iomtrc iod rlmjc io dls dcmjhtuios io dl pdufl, cporlmic rlihcs, lsòmscs vorth`ldos y ospo`hbh`lics pcr od blarh`lmto. (l) Mc fomcs io ics vuodtls iod `lado ioaorì porflmoòr om od tlfacr ùlmic od jlm`gc ostè om pcsh`hðm oxtroflilfomto alel (om od `crto dcmjhtuihmld iod oeo io dl tcrmlfosl tcrmlfosl `cm od jlm`gc) y dls pdufls ostèm ostèm om dl odovl`hðm io fìxhfl io dl oxtomshðm. (a) Od oxtrofc iod tlfacr iod `lado ioao ostlr lm`dlic ld tlfacr pcr uml ihspcsh`hðm ospo`hbh`lic pcr od blarh`lmto io dl jrõl c iod whm`go. (`) Dl arhil iod tlfacr so oxtomiorì um fæmhfc </1 pudjlil (<0ff) ( <0ff) l dc dlrjc io dl `lpl suporhcr iod `lado om tcic fcfomtc. (0) Dcs tlfacros iod whm`go ioaorìm prosomtlr uml prhforl `lpl io ihìfotrc iod `lado mc fomcr l <7 voòs od ihìfotrc mcfhmld iod `lado uthdhzlic. (9) Dcs flmics io `cmtrcd io dl `lahml iod cporlicr so bl`hdhtlrìm plrl flmtomor od tlfacr iod jhrc io dl rctl`hðm om dl ihro``hðm io iosòmsc y sor `lplz io scstomor dl `lrjl mcfhmld, shm dl licp`hðm io muovls foihils pcr od cporlicr. c porlicr. (`) @lrl`toræsth`l io provom`hðm io ilücs io lmth-twc-adc`n . Om dl lrthùdl`hðm io jrõl oquhplil `cm um whm`go, uml `lrl`toræsth`l io provom`hðm io ilücs lmth-twc-adc`n sorì prcvhstc. Od `crto iod bduhic om od shstofl ghirìudh`c puoio sor lòptlado. (i) @hdhmircs `cm Qcpo Qoovhmj. (<) Dls jrõls quo uthdhzlm um fo`lmhsfc io dovlmtlfhomtc io `lrjl `cm `hdhmircs ghirìudh`cs y rcpo roovhmj tomirìm od pcior y dls `lrl`toræsth`ls `lrl`toræsth`ls cporlthvls plrl ddovlr l `lac tcils dls odovl`hcmos io `lrjl y `cmtrcdlr dls bum`hcmos io iosòmsc moòslrhls om od sorvh`hc io jrõl ùlmic scm cporlils alec `cmih`hcmos `cmih`hc mos ro`cfomilils. (1) Dcs `hdhmircs ioaom ostlr oquhplics `cm um ihspcshthvc ihspcshthvc io rotom`hðm plrl provomhr od iosòmsc hm`cmtrcdlic io dl `lrjl om `lsc io quo ldjuml dæmol ghirìudh`l blddo. (0) Od `hdhmirc odovlicr io dl `lrjl ioaorì sor `lplz io flmtomor dl `lrjl mcfhmld shm l``hðm iod cporlicr. Po``hðm 11-<.05 Fo`lmhsfc io jhrc 11-<.0.< @cmtrcd io jhrc. Od fo`lmhsfc io jhrc ioaorì `cfomzlr y iotomorso `cm dl lòdorl`hðm y ioslòdorl`hðm `cmtrcdlil. 11-<.0.1 Foihcs io bromlic plrl od jhrc y ihspcshthvcs io adcquoc (l) Po bl`hdhtlrì um flmic plrl adcquolr od jhrc om lfals ihro``hcmo ihro``hcmoss y plrl rostrhmjhr od fcvhfhomtc io rctl`hðm iod fìsthd, ùlmic so omùomtro om `cmih`hcmos mcrfldos io 17 bum`hcmlfhomtc. Dcs foihcs io bromc sorìm `lplòs io sor puostc om pcsh`hðm io osporl y porflmoòr shm dl licp`hðm io muovls foihils pcr od cporlicr. (a) _m ihspcshthvc io adcquoc c scpcrto io dl pdufl so bl`hdhtlrì plrl provomhr dl rctl`hðm io dl pdufl ùlmic so omùomtrl julril y ihspuostl plrl od trlsdlic io um pumtc l ctrc c trc om um dujlr io trlalec. Po``hðm5_ml 11-<.95 io dl `lfhðm jrõl `cfor`hld ioaorìm ùfpdhr `cm dcs roquhshtcs jrõlYrlmspcrto fcmtlil scaro lpdh`lados io dcs Ostìmilros iod Ioplrtlfomtc Ioplrtlfomtc io Yrlmspcrto io dcs OO.__. Po``hðm 11-<.?5 @lados y l`òscrhcs plrl od lrflic io `lado 11-<.?.< Bl`tcros plrl od ihsoüc iod `lado (l) [lrl scpcrtlr dls `lrjls mcfhmldos y plrl scpcrtlr dl pdufl y dcs lihtlfomtcs io trlalec om iospdlzlfhomtcs c pcsh`hðm io trìmshtc y dcmjhtuios io pdufl. (<) Od bl`tcr io ihsoüc plrl `lados om oeoù`hðm quo do ilm vuodtls l tlfacr c so iospdlzlm scaro pcdols mc sorì fomcr fomcr l 0.?> (1) od bl`tcr io ihsoüc `lados ostìth`cs quo scsthomom dl pdufl c `lados porflmomtos mc ioao sor hmborhcr l 0,;. (a) [lrl scpcrtlr dls `lrjls mcfhmldos, dcs `lados roshstomtos l dl rctl`hðm ioaom io um bl`tcr io ihsoüc io ? c suporhcr. (`) tomor Od bl`tcr io ihsoüc io ospo`hbh`lic ospo`hbh`lic om dcs pìrrlbcs 11-<.?.<(l), (1) y (a) sorì od "mcfhmld" tctld iod osbuorzc io rupturl io io tcics dcs `lados om od shstofl, ihvhihic pcr dl `lrjl hfpuostl ld shstofl io `lado ùlmic scpcrto od posc ostìth`c io dl ostru`turl y dl `lrjl mcfhmld. 11-<.?.1 @lados (l) Dcs `lados ioaorìm sor io uml `cmstru``hðm ro`cfomilic pcr od blarh`lmto io dl jrõl c iod `lado, c uml porscml `ldhbh`lil plrl oso sorvh`hc. (a) Od muic io `lado so ddovlrì l `lac sojõm dc ro`cfomilic pcr od blarh`lmto iod fcmtleo c uml porscml `ldhbh`lil. (`) Ph dl `lrjl os lpcylil pcr fìs io uml plrto iod `lado, dl tomshðm om dls plrtos sorì hjuldlic. (i) Phofpro quo od `lado sol oxpuostc l tofporlturl lfahomto pcr om`hfl io <7;»B (71»@), ioaorìm uthdhzlrso od `lado `cm um ldlfaro hmiopomihomto- c um `criðm fotìdh`c u ctrcs mõ`docs roshstomtos l ilücs. (o) @lados roshstomtos l dl rctl`hðm y `lados `cm ldfl io bharl mc ioaorìm uthdhzlrso plrl shstofls io oxtomshðm io pdufl c plrl scstomor dl pdufl. 11-<.?.0 L`òscrhcs io lrflic io `lado (l) Dcs ofpldfos iod celd so glrìm io dl flmorl ro`cfomili pcr od blarh`lmto iod `lado c io dl jrõl, c uml porscml `ldhbh`lil y dcs ioildos ioaorìm uthdhzlrso om od celd. (a) Dcs sueotlicros iod `lado fotìdh`c (`dhp c‖porrc‖) ioao sor io lòrc ostlfplicostlfplic bcrelic om `ldhomto io uml _ shfpdo shm scdilr (pormc ‐_). ‐_). Mc ioaorì uthdhzlrso `dhps ` dhps io lòrc bumihic fldolado. fldolado. [lrl od ospl`hlfhomtc, od mõforc io sueotlicros, sueotlicros, y vldcros iod tcrquo, glarì quo roborhrso l dls ro`cfomil`hcmos iod iod blarh`lmto. Dcs sueotlicros iod `lado fotìdh`c lieumtcs `cm dcs pormcs-_ tomirìm dcs pormcs-_ scaro od oxtrofc hml`thvc iod `lado y od `lado vhvc ropcslic om od sueotlicr. Dcs `dhps 18 ioaom leustlrso umhbcrfofomto plrl od tcrquo ro`cfomilic. Duojc io quo dl prhforl `lrjl os lpdh`lil ld `lado, dls tuor`ls iod `dhp ioaom ioaom roleustlrso plrl od od tcrquo ro`cfomilic plrl `cfpomslr ùldquhor ihsfhmu`hðm iod ihìfotrc iod `lado `luslic pcr dl `lrjl. Dls tuor`ls io dcs `dhps iod `lado ioaom roleustlrso porhðih`lfomto plrl `cfpomslr ùldquhor ihsfhmu`hðm buturl om od ihìfotrc iod `lado `luslic pcr od usc. (`) L`òscrhcs io ofpldfos, `cfprhfhics c muic muic io ùül sorìm lpdh`lics `cfc dc ro`cfhomil od blarh`lmto iod `lado, io dl jrõl c io dcs l`òscrhcs, c uml porscml `ldhbh`lil. (i) Dcs `dhps iod `lado fotìdh`c eumtc `cm um muic io ùül ioaorì ostlr scdlfomto ligorhic ld oxtrofc iod `lado ios`lrjlic. 11-<.?.9 [cdols (l) Dls rlmurls io dls pcdols mc ioaorìm tomor iobo`tcs suporbh`hldos quo puoilm prcvc`lr ilücs om od `lado. Od rlihc io dl so``hðm trlmsvorsld om dl plrto hmborhcr io dl rlmurl om icmio lshomtl od `lado ioao sor iod tlflüc tlflüc iod`lado uthdhzlic, y dcs dlics dlics io dl rlmurl ioaom sor `ðmh`l pcr buorl plrl bl`hdhtlr dl omtrlil iod `lado om dl rlmurl io dl pcdol. Dls osquhmls io dl pcdol ioaom sor roicmils y dcs acrios ioaom ostlr ostlr ldhmolics vorth`ldfomto scaro od oeo io dl rctl`hðm. (a) Dls pcdols quo ddovlm ddovlm dcs `lados quo fcfomtìmolfomto puoiom sor ios`lrjlics, ios`lrjlics, ioaorìm ostlr prcvhstcs io uml prcto``hðm c jurlils ahom leustlil u ctrc ihspcshthvc plrl juhlr od `lado io muovc om dl rlmurl ùlmic dl `lrjl so vuodvo l lpdh`lr. (`) Dls pcdols om dl plrto alel iod adcquo io `lrjl (plsto`l) ioaorì ostlr oquhplic `cm uml julril ahom leustlil, quo ovhtlrì quo od `lado so ltcro ltc ro ùlmic od adcquo ylò om od suodc `cm dcs `lados suodtcs. (i) Ycics dcs `cehmotos io dl pcdol, `cm oxòp`hðm io dcs `cehmotos porflmomtofomto duarh`lics, ioaorìm ostlr prcvhstcs io foihcs plrl duarh`l`hðm. duarh`l` hðm. 11-<.?.?. Ylflüc io dls pcdols (l) Dls pcdols io odovl`hðm io `lrjl ioaorìm tomor ihìfotrcs prhfhthvcs mc fomcr l <7 voòs od ihìfotrc mcfhmld iod `lado uthdhzlic. (a) Dls pcdols iod adcquo hmborhcr tomirìm um ihìfotrc prhfhthvc mc fomcr l <2 voòs od ihìfotrc mcfhmld iod `lado uthdhzlic. (`) Dls pcdols iod shstofl io oxtomshðm io dl pdufl tomirìm um ihìfotrc mc fomcr l <? voòs od ihìfotrc mcfhmld iod `lado. 11-<.?.2 Jlm`gc io `lrjl, `cmeumtc io `cehmotos y adcquos io `lrjl. Dcs jlm`gcs io `lrjl, od `cmeumtc io `cehmotos y dcs adcquos io `lrjl ioaorìm sor io um posc subh`homto plrl rovhslr dl dæmol io dl pcsh`hðm fìs ldtl iod jlm`gc io dl pdufl c dcmjhtuios iod arlzc y od mõforc io plrtos io dl dæmol om usc. Ycics dcs jlm`gcs y `cmeumtc io `cehmotos y adcquos io `lrjl ioaom ostlr othquotlics `cm su `lpl`hili mcfhmld y posc. Dcs jlm`gcs ioaom ostlr oquhplics `cm òrrcecs l fomcs quo dl lpdh`l`hðm gljl quo od usc usc io io dcs òrrcecs sol hfprì`th`c. Phofpro quo sol moòslrhc, od sueotlicr quo os od puomto io dl laorturl io dl jlrjlmtl iod jlm`gc ioaorì flmtomor dls osdhmjls u ctrcs ihspcshthvcs io odovl`hðm, alec dls `cmih`hcmos io gcdjurl (robhèrlso l LPFO A0;.<;) Po``hðm 11-<.25 @cmtrcdos (l) Dcs `cmtrcdos aìsh`cs uthdhzlics iurlmto od `h`dc io cporl`hðm io dl jrõl sorìm uah`lics iomtrc iod ld`lmò iod cporlicr, cporlicr, om dl `lahml iod cporlicr y oothquotlics thquotlics om ùlmtc l sus bum`hcmos ioshjmlils. 0; (a) Dcs `cmtrcdos plrl od —jhrc‖, —prhfor arlzc‖, —sojumic arlzc‖, —pdufl — pdufl c todos`cphc‖, —oxtomshðm io dl pdufl‖ y —oquhpc ghirìudh`c cp`hcmld‖ sorìm prcvhstcs `cm ihspcshthvcs plrl flmtomor om pcsh`hðm moutrld shm od usc io sueotlicros. (`) Jrõl cporlils io bcrfl rofctl sorìm oquhplils `cm um shstofl io —plrlil io oforjom`hl‖, uah`lic om dl ostl`hðm ostl `hðm io `cmtrcd rofctc iod cporlicr plrl prcpcr`hcmlr foihcs plrl odhfhmlr dl pctom`hl io dl jrõl om od `lsc io um fld bum`hcmlfhomtc. (i) Ihspcshthvcs sorìm prcvhstcs plrl flmtomor od vogæùdc io flmorl ostl`hcmlrhl fhomtrls so cporl dl jrõl. 11-<.2.1 Buorzls io `cmtrcd y fcvhfhomtcs (l) Dl buorzl mc ioao sor flycr l 0? da (<?2 M) om dls pldlm`ls io flmc y mc flycr l ?; da (111 M) om dcs poildos. (a) Dl ihstlm`hl io iospdlzlfhomtc om dls pldlm`ls io flmc mc sorì flycr l <9 pudjlils (0?2 ff) iosio uml pcsh`hðm moutrl om pldlm`ls io ics væls y mc flycr l 19 pudjlils (2<; ff) om pldlm`ls io uml væl. Dl ihstlm`hl io iospdlzlfhomtc om dcs poildos mc sorì flycr l <; pudjlils (1?9 ff). Po``hðm 11-<.:5 Hmstldl`hðm 11-<.:.< [ruoal fo`ìmh`l. Od hmstldlicr ioaorì roldhzlr pruoals io `lrjl (om um vogæùdc c om pdltlbcrfls io pruoal) om `lil jrõl hmstldlil. Dls pruoals sorìm `cmiu`hils om dl foihil quo sol moòslrhl plrl lsojurlr od ùfpdhfhomtc `cm dcs vldcros fìxhfcs io `lrjl io dl jrõl, hm`duyomic dcs shstofls tldos `cfc5 (l) [dufl (s) ‐ odovl`hðm y iosòmsc (a) [dufl (s) ‐ oxtomshðm (`) Jhrc (rctl`hðm) (i) Ihspcshthvcs io sojurhili (o) Lieumtcs lih`hcmldos 11-<.:.1 [ruoal io ostlahdhili. _ml pruoal io ostlahdhili ostlahdhili sorì `cmiu`hil `cmiu`hil om `lil umhili muovl c umhili fðvhd rofcmtlil. Dl pruoal ioao `cmiu`hrso `cm od vogæùdc `cfpdotlfomto ios`lrjlic om uml suporbh`ho bhrfo y mhvodlil. Dl ostlahdhili ioao sor tld, quo dcs vldcros io dl `lrjl mc oxòiom dcs roquorhfhomtcs iod pìrrlbc 11-<.<.<. Dls pruoals ioaom `cmiu`hrso io lùoric `cm LMPH/PLO E:2?. 11-<.:.0 Jlsos io `cfausthðm. Dcs jlsos io `cfausthðm iod fctcr ioao sor omtualics y ios`lrjlics om uml ihro``hðm doecs iod cporlicr. Ycils dls tuaoræls io os`lpo ioaom ostlr prctojhics y lhsdlics plrl provomhr od `cmtl`tc `cm od porscmld ùlmic roldhòm tlrols `cthihlmls. Po``hðm 11-75 @cmstru``hðm 11-<.7.< Pcdiliurl. Ycil dl scdiliurl y dls `ldhbh`l`hcmos iod scdilicr plrl dls plrtos quo scsthomom dl `lrjl ioaom ostlr io `cmbcrfhili `cm LMPH/LZP I<9.0. Icmio lòrcs ospo`hldos u ctrcs fltorhldos scm uthdhzlics, od blarh`lmto ioaorì prcpcr`hcmlr prcòihfhomtcs io scdiliurl. 11-<.7.1 [rcto``hðm io dæmol ghirìudh`l y moufìth`l. Dls dæmols oxpuostls l ilücs ioaorìm ostlr prctojhils om dl foihil quo sol prì`th`l c pcshado. 0< 11-<.7.0 [umtcs io duarh`l`hðm. Dcs pumtcs io duarh`l`hðm ioaom sor l`òshados l`òshados shm dl moòshili io rofcvor dls julrils u ctrls plrtos. 11-<.7.9 Ostlahdhzlicros (l) Po ioaorì prcpcr`hcmlr io foihcs plrl flmtomor tcics dcs ostlahdhzlicros om pcsh`hðm rotrlæil fhomtrls osto om trìmshtc y om dl pcsh`hðm oxtomihil ùlmic dl jrõl ostè cporlmic. (a) @lil ostlahdhzlicr cporlic cporlic l trlvès io pctom`hl sorì vhshado iosio uml uah`l`hðm io io l``hcmlfhomtc, l fomcs quo od cporlicr sol lshsthic pcr uml porscml quo il dl soüld. (`) Dcs `hdhmircs plrl uml ostlahdhzl`hðm vorth`ld io dl fìquhml ioaorì ostlr oquhplil `cm um ihspcshthvc io bhel`hðm hmtojrldfomto fcmtlic (tld `cfc uml vìdvudl io rotom`hðm phdctc) plrl provomhr quo um vìstljc so rotlrhjl om od `lsc io quo od shstofl ghirìudh`c blddo (pcr oeofpdc, blddl io uml flmjuorl ghirìudh`l) 11-<.7.? Qoquorhfhomtcs iod ihsoüc. Dcs fciodcs prctcthpc plrl dl prciu``hðm io dls jrõls io pdufl lrthùdlil ioaorìm ld`lmzlr dcs roquorhfhomtcs lpdh`lados io LMPH/PLO E<;20. E<;2 0. Om pdufls io ihsoüc ospo`hld (fciodcs io mc prciu``hðm) u ctrls `cmih`hcmos ospo`hldos io odovl`hðm, `ìdùdcs plrl um ostìmilr, pcr uml porscml `ldhbh`lil c pcr od blarh`lmto io dl jrõl, scm lòptlados. 11-<.7.2 Oquhpc vlrhlic. vlrhlic. Po prcvoorìm foihcs plrl od `cmtrcd io dl `cmbhjurl`hðm io proshðm ospo`hbh`lil pcr od blarh`lmto om `lil `hrùhtc ghirìudh`c. @lpætudc 11-1 Hmspo``hðm, [ruoal y Flmtomhfhomtc Po``hðm 11-1.<5 Hmspo``hðm 11-1.<.< Jomorld Jomorld.. Od blarh`lmto ioaorì prcpcr`hcmlr hmbcrfl`hðm io bum`hcmlfhomtc y flmtomhfhomtc. 11-1.<.1 @dlshbh`l`hðm io dl hmspo``hðm 01 (l) Hmspo``hðm hmh`hld. Lmtos io uthdhzlrdl pcr prhforl voz, tcils dls jrõl muovls, ldtorlils c fcihbh`lils ioaorìm sor hmspo``hcmlils pcr uml porscml `ldhbh`lil plrl lsojurlr od ùfpdhfhomtc `cm dls ihspcsh`hcmos io osto Ostìmilr. (a) Hmspo``hðm rojudlr. Od prcòihfhomtc io hmspo``hðm plrl uml jrõl `cm um sorvh`hc rojudlr ostì ihvhihic om ics `dlshbh`l`hcmos jomorldos alslics om dcs hmtorvldcs om dcs ùldos so ioao roldhzlr uml hmspo``hðm. Dcs hmtorvldcs, l su voz, iopomiom io dl mlturldozl `ræth`l io dcs `cfpcmomtos io dl jrõl y iod jrlic io oxpcsh`hðm ld iosjlsto, iotorhcrc c fldbum`hcmlfhomtc. Dls ics `dlshbh`l`hcmos jomorldos so omùomtrlm lquæ ioshjmlils `cfc —broùomto‖ y —porhðih`c‖ `cm hmtorvldcs rospo`thvcs omtro hmspo``hcmos `cfc so iobhmo l `cmthmul`hðm5 (<) Hmspo``hðm broùomto ‐ hmtorvldcs ihlrhcs l fomsuldos. (1) Hmspo``hðm porhðih`l ‐ hmtorvldcs io umc l icò fosos c ro`cfomilic ospo`æbh`lfomto pcr od blarh`lmto. (0) Dls hmspo``hcmos ioaom roldhzlrso pcr um porscmld `ldhbh`lic. 11-1.<.0 Hmspo``hðm broùomto. broùomto. Dcs ætofs `cfc dcs shjuhomtos ioaorìm hmspo``hcmlrso pcr iobo`tcs l hmtorvldcs iobhmhics om od pìrrlbc 11-1.<.1 (a) c hmih`lic ospo`æbh`lfomto, hm`duyomic dl casorvl`hðm iurlmto od bum`hcmlfhomtc, pcr iosjlsto c ilüc quo puoiom lplroòr omtro dls hmspo``hcmos rojudlros. Dls `cmih`hcmos `cfc dls mcfarlils, ioaom sor ùhilicslfomto oxlfhmlils y dl iotorfhml`hðm l roldhzlr ioao sor tcflil sh os quo `cmsthtuyom um podhjrc5 (l) Fo`lmhsfcs io `cmtrcd pcr hmlilptl`hðm quo hmtorbhoro `cm od bum`hcmlfhomtc lprcphlic ‐ ihlrhlfomto, ùlmic so uthdhò> (a) Fo`lmhsfcs io `cmtrcd pcr um iosjlsto oxòshvc io dcs `cfpcmomtos y `cmtlfhml`hðm pcr duarh`lmtos u ctrcs fltorhls oxtrlüls> (`) Ihspcshthvcs io sojurhili plrl od fldbum`hcmlfhomtc> (i) @ulmtc so uthdhò, tcils dls flmjuorls ghirìudh`ls, plrthùdlrfomto l lquèddls ùyl bdoxhðm om cporl`hðm mcrfld io dls bum`hcmos io dl jrõl, ioaom sor vhsuldfomto hmspo``hcmlics `lil iæl dlacrld,> (o) Jlm`gcs y sueotlicros plrl iotorhcrc, ilüc quæfh`c, jrhotls y iosjlsto. Qobhèrlso l LPFO A0;.<;> (b) Phstofl io lrflic iod `lado, `cm od ùfpdhfhomtc io dls ospo`hbh`l`hcmos iod blarh`lmto io dl jrõl> (j) Lplrltcs odè`trh`cs plrl od fldbum`hcmlfhomtc, soüldos oxòshvls io iotorhcrc, pcdvc y lùfudl`hðm io gufoili> (g) Ihlrhlfomto, od shstofl ghirìudh`c plrl um mhvod lprcphlic io lòhto y bujls> (h) Ddlmtls plrl uml proshðm io hmbdlic ro`cfomilil, `crtos y tuor`ls io ddlmtls suodtls> (e) [hmos io `cmoxhðm y ihspcshthvcs io adcquoc adcquoc plrl od iosjlsto y ilücs. 11-1.<.9 Hmspo``hðm porhðih`l. porhðih`l. Dl hmspo``hðm `cfpdotl io dl jrõl so roldhzlrì l hmtorvldcs iobhmhics jomorldfomto om od pìrrlbc 11-1.<.1 (a) iopomihomic io dl l`thvhili, sovorhili io dl l`thvhili y lfahomto. Ostls hmspo``hcmos ioaom hm`duhr dcs roquorhfhomtcs iod pìrrlbc 11-1.<.1 y liofìs, ætofs tldos `cfc dcs shjuhomtos. Dls `cmih`hcmos `cfc dls fom`hcmlils, ioaorìm sor oxlfhmlils y so ioaorì tcflr dl iotorfhml`hðm sh os quo roprosomtlm um podhjrc5 (l) [lrtos io dl jrõl y iod trl`tc (`lrrhor) quo ostèm iobcrflils, ljrhotlils, `crrcæils> (a) [ormcs suodtcs, om ospo`hld dcs pormcs io icmio dl jrõl ostì fcmtlil> (`) [cdols y tlfacros ljrhotlics y iotorhcrlic> (i) Dls plrtos quo ostèm iotorhcrlils, ljrhotlils c iobcrflils tldos `cfc dcs phmos, dcs `cehmotos, dcs oeos, dcs omjrlmleos, dcs rcihddcs y dcs ihspcshthvcs io adcquo io `lrjl> (o) _m iosjlsto oxòshvc om dcs bromcs c om dls plrtos iod shstofl io ofarljuo y om od rovosthfhomtc> (b) Dcs jlm`gcs io dls jrõls hmspo``hcmlics om `lsc io glaor jrhotls> (j) Od shstofl io ihro``hðm, od bromlic y dcs ihspcshthvcs io adcquoc pcr fldbum`hcmlfhomtc> 00 (g) Ddlmtls oxòshvlfomto iosjlstlils c ilülils> (h) Flmjuorl ghirìudh`l y moufìth`l, l`òscrhcs o hmspo``hðm io tuaoræls (<) Ovhiom`hl io bujls om dl suporbh`ho io dls flmjuorls bdoxhados c om dls umhcmos io dls `cmoxhcmos fotìdh`ls. (1) Bcrfl`hðm io lfpcddls c iobcrfl`hðm lmcrfld om od roùarhfhomtc oxtormc io dl flmjuorl ghirìudh`l c moufìth`l> (0) Bujls om dls eumtls rcs`lils c ofpctrlils quo mc puoiom odhfhmlrso pcr um leusto mcrfld c pcr prcòihfhomtcs prcòihfhomtcs ro`cfomilics> ro`cfomilics> (9) Ovhiom`hl io oxòshvl larlshðm c `cmtl`tc om dl suporbh`ho oxtorhcr io uml flmjuorl, iod tuac ræjhic c ldjõm l`òscrhc. Po ioaom ioaom tcflr dls foihils plrl odhfhmlr dl hmtorborom`hl io odofomtcs quo ostèm om `cmtl`tc umc `cm ctrc c io dc `cmtrlrhc prctojor dcs `cfpcmomtos. (e) Acfals ghirìudh`ls y moufìth`ls y fctcros io hmspo``hðm (<) (1) (0) (9) (?) (2) (:) [ormc suodtcs c sueotlicros> Bujls om dls eumtls omtro dls so``hcmos> Bujl pcr dcs soddcs io dcs oeos Pcmhics c vharl`hcmos hmusuldos> [orihil io dl vodc`hili io bum`hcmlfhomtc> @ldomtlfhomtc oxòshvc iod bduhic> [orihil io proshðm. (n) Hmspo``hðm io vìdvudls ghirìudh`ls y moufìth`ls (<) (1) (0) (9) (?) Jrhotls om od rovosthfhomtc c `lr`lsl io vìdvudl> Qojrosc hmlprcphlic iod `lrroto l dl pcsh`hðm moutrl> Bujls om dcs `lrrotos y om dls eumtls> Adcquoc io dls `lrrotos Blddl om dls vìdvudls io ios`lrjl plrl ld`lmzlr c flmtomor dl `cmbhjurl`hðm `crro`tl io dl proshðm> (2) Dls vìdvudls io ios`lrjl io proshðm ioaom rovhslrso `cfc dc ospo`hbh`lic pcr od blarh`lmto. (d) Hmspo``hðm io `hdhmircs ghirìudh`cs y moufìth`cs (<) (1) (0) (9) (?) (2) Od omslm`glfhomtc `luslic pcr bujl io bduhics l trlvès iod phstðm> Bujl om dcs ìracdos io trlmsfhshðm Bujl om dls eumtls scdilils> Alrrl iod `hdhmirc rlmurlil, foddlil c iomtlil> @lel ilülil (ùorpc, tlfacr, `hdhmirc, alrrhd) Iobcrfl`hðm om dcs celdos io dl alrrl io ihro``hðm. (f) Bhdtrcs ghirìudh`cs. Ovhiom`hl io plrtæùdls io `lu`gc om om od bhdtrc puoio hmih`lr quo dl flmjuorl, om um c-rhmj u ctrcs `cfpcmomtos so iotorhcrom. @ghps c phozls io fotld om od bhdtrc puoiom `luslr quo dls acfals, dcs fctcros c quo dcs `hdhmircs blddom. Porì moòslrhc um `cmtrcd flycr plrl iotorfhmlr od crhjom iod prcadofl lmtos io tcflr l``hcmos `crro`thvls. (m) Dls othquotls ioaom ostlr om su dujlr y ioaom sor dojhados. 11-1.<.? Jrõls io usc hrrojudlr (l) _ml jrõl quo gl ostlic hml`thvl iurlmto um poræcic io thofpc io um fos c fìs, porc fomcs io 2 fosos, so do glrì uml hmspo``hðm io lùoric `c `cm m dcs roquorhfhomtcs io dcs pìrrlbcs. 11-1.<.1 y 11-1.9.1 (a). (a) _ml jrõl quo gl ostlic hml`thvl iurlmto um porhcic io 2 fosos, so do glrì uml hmspo``hðm `cfpdotl io lùoric `cm dcs roquorhfhomtcs io dcs pìrrlbcs 11-1.<.0 y 111.9.1 lmtos io sor puostl om sorvh`hc. 09 11-1.<.2 Qojhstrcs io hmspo``hðm. hmspo``hðm. Qojhstrcs `cm bo`gls ospo`æbh`ls plrl dl hmspo``hðm porhðih`l ioaom roldhzlrso om ætof `ræth`cs tldos `cfc, dcs bromcs, jlm`gcs io dl jrõl, `lados, `hdhmircs ghirìudh`cs y moufìth`cs, vìdvudl io ldhvhc io proshðm ghirìudh`c y moufìth`c. Dcs rojhstrcs ioaom ostlr shofpro l ihspcsh`hðm io uml porscml `ldhbh`lil Po``hðm 11-1.15 [ruoal 11-1.1.< [ruoals io bum`hcmlfhomtc (l) Ycil jrõl muovl ioao sor hmspo``hcmlil pcr od blarh`lmto plrl vorhbh`lr od ùfpdhfhomtc `cm dcs roquorhfhomtcs io bum`hcmlfhomtc io ostl so``hðm, hm`duyomic bum`hcmos tldos `cfc dls shjuhomtos5 (<) Fo`lmhsfcs io odovl`hðm y iosòmsc io dl `lrjl> `lrj l> (1) Fo`lmhsfcs io odovl`hðm y iosòmsc io dl pdufl> pd ufl> (0) Fo`lmhsfcs io oxtomshðm y rotrl``hðm io dl pdufl> (9) Fo`lmhsfc io rctl`hðm> (?) Fo`lmhsfc io iospdlzlfhomtc> (2) Ihspcshthvcs io sojurhili. (a) @ulmic dl jrõl mc os sufhmhstrlic `cfpdotlfomto pcr um blarh`lmto, tldos pruoals ioaorìm roldhzlrso ld bhmld, ùlmic dl jrõl ostè `cfpdotlfomto fcmtlil. (`) Dcs rosudtlics io dls pruoals io bum`hcmlfhomtc ioaom ostlr ihspcmhados. 11-1.1.1 [ruoal io `lrjl (l) Lmtos io uthdhzlrdl pcr prhforl voz5 (<) Ycil jrõl muovl y rohmstldlil ioao sor hmspo``hcmlil y ioao glaorso roldhzlic uml pruoal io `lrjl pcr c alec dl ihro``hðm io dl d l porscml `ldhbh`lil. Ioao proplrlrso um hmbcrfo os`rhtc pcr dl porscml `ldhbh`lil y sor lr`ghvlic. Dls pruoals io `lrjl mc sorì hmborhcr ld <;;% c fìs quo od <<;% io dl `lrjl mcfhmld, l fomcs quo sol ro`cfomili pcr od blarh`lmto c uml porscml `cfpotomto. (1) Dl moòshili io pruoals om jrõls roplrlils, ldtorlils c fcihbh`lils so iotorfhmlrì pcr uml porscml `ldhbh`lil. @ulmic so roquhoro io pruoal io `lrjl, dls pruoals so glrìm io `cmbcrfhili `cm od pìrrlbc. 1-1.1.1 (l) (<). (a) Dl pruoal io `lrjl, sh so roldhzl, `cmshsthrì io dls shjuhomtos cporl`hcmos `cfc roquorhfhomtc fæmhfc. (<) Odovo `lrjl io pruoal plrl lsojurlr quo dl `lrjl os scpcrtlil pcr dl jrõl y flmtomhil pcr dcs bromcs iod whm`go io hzleo (1) Jhro dl jrõl, sh lpdh`l, ld ld`lmò fìxhfc io rctl`hðm. (0) Oxtomior y rotrlor dls oxtomshcmos iod todos`cphc iomtrc iod rlihc io trlalec porfhthic plrl dl pruoal io `lrjl. (9) Ios`homil dl `lrjl io pruoal, iotèmjlso y flmtomjl dl `lrjl `cm od bromc(s). Po``hðm 11-1.05 Flmtomhfhomtc 11-1.0.< Flmtomhfhomtc provomthvc (l) _m prcjrlfl io flmtomhfhomtc provomthvc alslic om dls ro`cfomil`hcmos iod blarh`lmto io dl jrõl ioao ostladoòrso. Dcs rojhstrcs `cm bo`gl ioaom flmtomorso. (a) Po ro`cfhomil quo phozls io roofpdlzc solm catomhics iod blarh`lmto crhjhmld iod oquhpc c pcr dc fomcs io dl fhsl `ldhili. 11-1.0.1 [rcòihfhomtc io flmtomhfhomtc (l) Lmtos io `cfomzlr `cfomzlr `cm dcs leustos y dls roplrl`hcmos om dl jrõl, dls shjuhomtos pro`lu`hcmos ioaom lpdh`lrso5 0? (<) _ah`lr dl jrõl icmio `luso dl fomcr hmtorborom`hl pcshado `cm ctrc oquhpc c `cm dls cporl`hcmos> (1) Ycics dcs `cmtrcdos ioaom ostlr om dl pcsh`hðm io —CBB‖> (0) Ph ofphozl l blddlr ostì hmcporlthvc> (9) Ios`homil dl pdufl gl`hl od suodc, sh os pcshado, c io dc `cmtrlrhc lsojõrodc plrl ovhtlr `læils> (?) Dhaoro dl proshðm io lòhto ghirìudh`c io tcics dcs `hrùhtcs ghirìudh`cs lmtos io scdtlr c rothrlr `cfpcmomtos ghirìudh`cs. (a) Poüldos io livortom`hl c —buorl io sorvh`hc‖ ioaom `cdc`lrso om dcs `cmtrcdos io dl jrõl. (`) Duojc io quo so roldhzlrcm leustos c roplrl`hcmos, dl jrõl mc ioao sor puostl l sorvh`hc glstl quo tcils dls julrils glylm shic rohmstldlils, od lhro rotomhic glyl shic odhfhmlic iod shstofl ghirìudh`c (sh os moòslrhc), so glylm rol`thvlic dcs ihspcshthvcs io sojurhili y tcic oquhpc io flmtomhfhomtc gl shic rothrlic. 11-1.0.0 Leustos y roplrl`hcmos (l) @uldquhor `cmih`hðm podhjrcsl om`cmtrlil pcr dcs roquorhfhomtcs io hmspo``hðm io dl Po``hðm 11-1.< ioaorì sor `crrojhil lmtos io rohmh`hlr `cm dls cporl`hcmos io dl jrõl. Dcs leustos y dls roplrl`hcmos ioaom roldhzlrso scdc pcr od porscmld `ldhbh`lic. (a) Dcs leustos ioaom flmtomorso plrl lsojurlr od `crro`tc bum`hcmlfhomtc io sus `cfpcmomtos. Dc shjuhomto scm oeofpdcs5 (<) Fo`lmhsfc io cporl`hðm bum`hcmld> (1) Ihspcshthvcs io sojurhili> (0) Phstofls io `cmtrcd. (`) Dls roplrl`hcmos y dcs roofpdlzcs ioaom prcpcr`hcmlrso `cfc so vlyl moòshtlmic. Dc shjuhomto scm oeofpdcs5 (<) [hozls prhm`hpldos iod fo`lmhsfc io bum`hcmlfhomtc quo ostèm ljrhotlics, rctcs, `crrcæics, icadlics c oxòshvlfomto iotorhcrlics> (1) Dcs jlm`gcs io dls jrõls quo prosomtom dls `cmih`hcmos ios`rhtls om od pìrrlbc 111.<.0(l)(?) ioaom pcmorso buorl io sorvh`hc. (i) Dls hmstru``hcmos plrl dl odhfhml`hðm iod lhro io dcs `hrùhtcs ghirìudh`cs ioaom sor prcvhstls pcr od blarh`lmto. 11-1.0.9 Duarh`l`hðm Duarh`l`hðm.. Ycils dls plrtos fcvhados, plrl dl dl ùld so ospo`hbh`l duarh`lr, ioao sor rojudlrfomto duarh`lic sojõm dls ro`cfomil`hcmos y prcòihfhomtcs prc` oihfhomtcs iod blarh`lmto. Po``hðm 11-1.95 Hmspo``hðm iod `lado, roofpdlzc y flmtomhfhomtc 11-1.9.< Jomorld Jomorld.. Ioahic l dls `cmbhjurl`hcmos iod ihsoüc io dl jrõl, plrl flmtomor fcvhdhili, dcs ihìfotrcs io dl pcdol, dcs ihìfotrcs iod tlfacr y dcs bl`tcros iod ihsoüc iod `lado scm dhfhtlics. [crquo io ostcs plrìfotrcs iod ihsoüc, so roldhzlrì uml hmspo``hðm l`crio `cm od pìrrlbc 11-1.9.1 plrl ioto`tlr ldjõm iotorhcrc, y um roofpdlzc cpcrtumc io lùoric `cm od pìrrlbc 11-1.9.0 bumilfomtld. 11-1.9.1 Hmspo``hðm (l) Hmspo``hðm broùomto (<) Ycics dcs `lados quo om ostèm bum`hcmlfhomtc ioaom sor hmspo``hcmlics vhsuldfomto uml voz, `lilomiæl dlacrld. Dl hmspo``hðm vhsuld `cmshsthrì om casorvlr tcic od `lado quo puoio ostlr om usc iurlmto dl cporl`hðm iod iæl. 02 Ostls casorvl`hcmos `cmshsthrìm om iosùarhr ilücs jrlmios `cfc ` cfc dcs quo so omùomtrlm dhstlics l `cmthmul`hðm, quo puoiom sor rhojcs hmtorfoihcs5 (l) Ihstcrshðm iod `lado, tldos `cfc um rotcr`hfhomtc, lpdlstlfhomtc, `cm dcs tcrcmos ioscriomlics y iospdlzlfhomtcs io tcrcmos c ldtorl`hðm iod ldfl. Dl pèrihil iod ihìfotrc iod `lado io uml dcmjhtui `crtl c dl ioshjuldili io dcs bhdlfomtcs oxtorhcros ioaom prcpcr`hcmlr dl ovhiom`hl io quo od `lado c dcs `lados thomom quo sor roofpdlzlics5 (l) @crrcshðm jomorld> (a) Bhdlfomtcs rctcs c `crtlics> (`) Mõforc, ihstrhau`hðm y thpc io ldlfaros vhshadofomto ilülics. @ulmic tldos ilücs scm iosùahortcs, od `lado ioao sor odhfhmlic c ioao glòrso uml hmspo``hðm `cfc so iotlddl om od pìrrlbc 11-1.9.0 (a). (1) Yomjl ùhilic ùlmic hmspo``hcmo dls so``hcmos io rìphic iotorhcrc tldos `cfc, pumtcs io arhil, dcs pumtcs io `ruò c pumtcs io ro`cjhil y ropoththvcs om dcs tlfacros. (a) Hmspo``hðm porhðih`l (<) Dl broùom`hl io dl hmspo``hðm so iotorfhmlrì pcr dl porscml `ldhbh`lil y so alslrì om bl`tcros `cfc5 (l) Yhofpc osporlic iod `lado iotorfhmlic pcr dl oxporhom`hl om dl hmstldl`hðm c om hmstldl`hcmos shfhdlros> (a) Povorhili iod lfahomto> (`) [cròmtleo io dls `lpl`hilios io odovl`hðm> (i) Ylsl broùomto io cporl`hðm> (o) Oxpcsh`hðm l dl buorzl io `gcquo. Dls hmspo``hcmos mc thomom quo sor l hmtorvldcs om hjuldili io `ldomilrhc y ioao glòrso broùomto ùlmic od `lado osto ld`lmzlmic su tèrfhmc io vhil. Ostl hmspo``hðm ioao roldhzlrso pcr dc fomcs lmuldfomto. (1) Dl hmspo``hðm porhðih`l ioao ddovlrso l `lac pcr uml porscml `ldhbh`lil. Ostl hmspo``hðm ioao ùarhr tcil dl dcmjhtui iod `lado. Pcdc dl suporbh`ho iod ldlfaro ioao sor hmspo``hcmlic. Mc hmtomto larhr od `lado. @uldquhor iotorhcrc quo rosudto om uml pèrihil lpro`hlado io dl buorzl crhjhmld, `cfc dls ios`rhtls l `cmthmul`hðm, ioaom lmctlrso y dl iotorfhml`hðm quo so tcflrì iopomiorì sh od usc iod `lado `cmsthtuyo um podhjrc5 (l) Dcs pumtcs dhstlics om od pìrrlbc 11-1.9.1(l)(<)(l)> (a) Qoiu``hðm iod ihìfotrc iod `lado pcr ioalec iod ihìfotrc mcfhmld ioahic l porihil om od scpcrto iod mõ`doc, `crrcshðm hmtorml c oxtorml c iosjlsto io dcs ldlfaros oxtormcs> (`) Ldlfaros sovorlfomto `crrcæics c ilülics om dls `cmoxhcmos io dcs oxtrofcs> (i) Dcs oxtrofcs io dls `cmoxhcmos so omùomtrlm sovorlfomto `crrcæics, ljrhotlics, icadlics, iosjlstlic c lpdh`lic hmlprcphlilfomto. (0) Ycfo ùhilic ùlmic hmspo``hcmo dls so``hcmos io rìphic iotorhcrc `cfc dls shjuhomtos> (l) Dls so``hcmos icmio lshomtl od `lado pcdols u ctrcs odofomtcs pcr icmio od iospdlzlfhomtc iod `lado os dhfhtlic> (a) Dls so``hcmos iod `lado om c òr`l io sus torfhml`hcmos icmio dcs ldlfaros `crrcæics c ilülics puoiom scarosldhr. 11-1.9.0 Qoofpdlzc iod `lado (l) Mc so puoiom ilr mcrfls pro`hsls plrl dl iotorfhml`hðm io ùlmic so ioao roofpdlzlr od `lado, yl quo hmvcdu`rl fu`gcs bl`tcros. _ml voz quo od `lado ld`lmzl 0: ùldquhorl io dcs `rhtorhcs io odhfhml`hðm ospo`hbh`lics, so puoio porfhthr cporlr glstl quo l`lao od turmc io trlalec, alslic om od euh`hc io dl porscml `ldhbh`lil. Od `lado ioao sor roofpdlzlic duojc io quo od turmc io trlalec l`lað, ld bhmld iod iæl, c pcr dc fomcs lmtos io quo dcs oquhpcs solm uthdhzlics om od shjuhomto turmc io trlalec. (a) Dcs `rhtorhcs plrl od roofpdlzc iod `lado ioaor glòrso io dl shjuhomto flmorl5 (<) Om `lados quo ostìm om bum`hcmlfhomtc, sohs ldlfaros ilülics ihstrhauhics io flmorl ldoltcrhl om um `ladolic c tros ldlfaros ilülics om um bhdlfomtc ioum `ladolic> (1) _m ldlfaro oxtormc rctc om od pumtc io `cmtl`tc iod mõ`doc iod `lado quo gl trlalelic y quo scarosldo io su ostru`turl. Os moòslrhl uml hmspo``hðm lih`hcmld io ostl so``hðm. (0) Iosjlsto io um tor`hc iod ihìfotrc crhjhmld io dcs ldlfaros hmihvhiuldos oxtormcs> (9) Qotcr`hfhomtc, lpdlstlfhomtc, eludl io plelrhtc c ùldquhor ctrc ilüc quo rosudto om dl ihstcrshðm io dl ostru`turl iod `lado> (?) Ovhiom`hl io ùldquhor ùldquhor ilücs prciu`hic pcr pcr od `ldcr> (2) roiu``hcmos iod ihìfotrc mcfhmld flycros quo dcs quo so fuostrl l `cmthmul`hðm. Ihìfotrc iod `lado Glstl ?/<2 pudj. (7ff) Qoiu``hðm Qoiu``hð m fìxhfl porfhthil iod ihìfotrc mcfhmld </29 pudj. (;.9 ff) [cr io¶?/<2 Glstl ¶ pudj. (<0ff) [cr om`hfl om`hml io pudj.pudj. Glstl ½ pudj. (<8ff) [cr om`hml io < </7 pudj. Glstl < ¶ pudj. (07ff) </01 0/;9 pudj. pudj. (;.7) (<.1ff) 0/1 pudj. (1.9ff) (:) Om `lados bhecs, fìs io ics ldlfaros ilülics om um `ladolic om so``hcmos quo ostìm fìs lddì io dls torfhml`hcmos io dls `cmoxhcmos c fìs io um ldlfaro ilülic om uml torfhml`hðm io dl `cmoxhðm. (7) Od roofpdlzc iod `lado ioaorì tomor uml `ldhbh`l`hðm io bcrtldozl pcr dc fomcs tlm jrlmio `cfc od `lado oquhplic c pcr dc ro`cfomilic pcr od blarh`lmto io dl jrõl. Ldjuml iosvhl`hðm iod tlflüc crhjhmld, jrlic c `cmstru``hðm ioaorì ospo`hbh`lrso pcr od blarh`lmto iod `lado, io dl jrõl c pcr uml porscml `ldhbh`lil. (`) Dcs `rhtorhcs io odhfhml`hðm iod `lado `htlics om osto vcdufom lpdh`lm l dcs `lados fotìdh`cs quo cporlm om pcdols io lòrc y tlfacros. Od usurlrhc ioao `cmtl`tlr ld blarh`lmto io dl pcdol, tlfacr c jrõl, c l uml porscml `ldhbh`lil, plrl dcs `rhtorhcs io odhfhml`hðm io `lados fotìdh`cs quo cporlm om pcdols y tlfacros go`gcs io um fltorhld quo mc scm io lòrc. (i) _sc io `lados io usc hrrojudlr. Ycics dcs `lados, quo glm ostlic hml`thvcs iurlmto um poræcic io um fos c fìs ioahic ld stlmi ay c od ldflòmlfhomtc io uml jrõl om od quo so omùomtro hmstldlic, so roldhzlrì uml hmspo``hðm io `cmbcrfhili `cm od pìrrlbc 11-1.9.0 (a) lmtos io quo sol puostc om sorvh`hc. Osto `cmtrcd sorì plrl tcics dcs thpcs io iotorhcrc y sorì roldhzlic pcr uml porscml ioshjmlil. (o) Qojhstrcs io hmspo``hðm (<) Hmspo``hðm broùomto ‐ mc so moòshtlm rojhstrcs. (1) Hmspo``hðm porhðih`l ‐ plrl ostladoòr dcs iltcs `cfc also plrl euzjlr od auom fcfomtc iod roofpdlzc, um hmbcrfo io bo`gl io dl `cmih`hðm iod `lado om `lil hmspo``hðm porhðih`l ioao julrilrso om lr`ghvc. Osto hmbcrfo so roborhrì l dcs pumtcs io iotorhcrc quo bhjurlm om od pìrrlbc. 11-1.9.0 (a). 11-1.9.9 Flmtomhfhomtc iod `lado (l) Od `lado ioao ldflòmlrso plrl provomhr ilücs c iotorhcrc. (a) Iosomroilr c iosomrcddlr od `lado so ddovlrì l `lac sojõm dc ro`cfomilic pcr od blarh`lmto iod `lado y `cm ùhilic plrl ovhtlr um rotcr`hfhomtc c uml tcròiurl. 07 (`) Lmtos io `crtlr um `lado, `cdcquo uml fcrilzl om `lil dlic icmio so ioao `crtlr od `lado plrl provomhr um iospromihfhomtc io dcs bhdlfomtcs. Om `lados probcrflics, os moòslrhc um lborrlfhomtc om `lil dlic icmio so roquhoro glòr od `crto. Om `lados mc probcrflics io :/7 pudjlils (11ff) io ihìfotrc c fìs poquoücs, ics lborrlfhomtc om `lil dlic icmio so roquhoro roldzlr od `crto y um `lado mc probcrflic io < pudjlil (1?ff) io ihìfotrc c fìs dlrjc, tros lborrlfhomtcs om `lil dlic icmio od `crto `cr to so moòshtl roldhzlr. (i) Iurlmto dl hmstldl`hðm, tcfo ùhilic plrl ovhtlr lrrlstrlr od `lado om dl thorrl c ldroioicr io caeotcs quo puoilm rlsplr, rlmurlr, lpdlstlr c icadlrdc. (o) Dcs `lados ioaom flmtomorso ahom duarh`lics. Os hfpcrtlmto quo od duarh`lmto quo so lpdhquo `cfc plrto iod prcjrlfl io flmtomhfhomtc y ioao sor `cfplthado `cm od duarh`lmto crhjhmld y plrl ostc so ioao `cmsudtlr ld blarh`lmto> od duarh`lmto quo so lpdhquo ioao sor iod thpc quo mc castlùdhò dl hmspo``hðm vhsuld. Lquoddls so``hcmos iod `lado quo so omùomtrlm scaro dls pcdols c so omùomtrlm cùdtls iurlmto dcs prcòihfhomtcs io hmspo``hðm y flmtomhfhomtc roquhorom io uml ltom`hðm ospo`hld ld duarh`lr od `lado. Od caeothvc c aeothvc io duarh`lr od `lado os io roiu`hr dl brh``hðm hmtorml y provomhr dl `crrcshðm. (b) @ulmic od `lado ostì om bum`hcmlfhomtc y fuostrl flycr iosjlsto om zcmls ahom iobhmhils quo om od rostc iod `lado, dl vhil iod `lado puoio oxtomiorso om `lscs scmio um `lado io dcmjhtui roiu`hil os lioùlic, `crtlmic uml so``hðm om od oxtrofc iosjlstlic, y lsæ, `lfahlr os iosjlsto l ihboromtos ìrols iod `lado. @lpætudc 11-0 Flmoec Po``hðm 11-0.<5 @ldhbh`l`hcmos y `cmiu`tl io dcs cporlrhcs y prì`th`ls io bum`hcmlfhomtc 11-0.<.< Cporlicros (l) Od bum`hcmlfhomtc io dl jrõl ioao dhfhtlrso ld porscmld `cm dls shjuhomtos `ldhbh`l`hcmos fæmhfls5 (<) [orscmls `ldhbh`lil> (1) [rl`th`lmtos alec dl suporvhshðm ihro`tl io uml porscml `ldhbh`lil> (0) Flmtomhfhomtc y porscmld io pruoal (ùlmic os moòslrhc om od ioslrrcddc io sus ioaoros)> (9) Hmspo`tcros (jrõl) (a) Pcdc od porscmld ospo`hbh`lic om od pìrrlbc 11-0.<.<(l) ioaorì hmjroslr ld ìrol io bum`hcmlfhomtc io uml jrõl `cm dl oxòp`hðm io porscmls `cfc od omjrlslicr, suporvhscros y lquoddls porscmls lutcrhzlils ospo`hbh`lils pcr dcs suporvhscros ùyls tlrols moòshtlm io oddcs, uyctrls sðdc om od ioslrrcddc io sus tlrols y `cm od `cmc`hfhomtc iod cporlicr ctduojc, rls porscmls ioshjmlils. 11-0.<.1 @ldhbh`l`hcmos io dcs cporlrhcs 08 (l) Dcs cporlicros, cporlicros, pcr roquorhfhomtc iod ofpdolicr, ofpdolicr, lprcalrìm um oxlfom io bum`hcmlfhomtc prì`th`c. Dls `ldhbh`l`hcmos ioaom dhfhtlrso l thpcs io fìquhmls ospo`æbh`ls plrl `lil oxlfom. (a) Dcs cporlrhcs y prl`th`lmtos io cporlicr ioaorìm dcjlr dls shjuhomtos `ldhbh`l`hcmos bæsh`ls5 (<) Rhshðm io pcr dc fomcs 1;/0; Pmoddom om um cec y 1;/?; om od ctrc, `cm c shm domtos> (1) Glahdhili plrl ihsthmjuhr dcs `cdcros, shm hfpcrtlr dl pcsh`hðm, om od `lsc io quo dl ihborom`hl`hðm io `cdcros sol moòslrhl> (0) Luih`hðm lioùlil, `cm c shm luiæbcmcs, plrl cporl`hcmos ospo`æbh`ls. (`) Ovhiom`hl io dhfhtl`hcmos bæsh`ls c hmostlahdhili ofc`hcmld quo pciræl `luslr um podhjrc ld cporlrhc u ctrcs, c ùyl cphmhðm iod ic`tcr pciræl hmtorborhr `cm od ioslrrcddc iod cporlicr, puoio sor `lusl subh`homto plrl uml ios`ldhbh`l`hðm. Om tldos `lscs, sorìm moòslrhls uml `dæmh`l ospo`hldhzlil c od euh`hc fèih`c y pruoals. (i) Porì fcthvcs subh`homtos plrl dl ios`ldhbh`l`hðm, dl ovhiom`hl io quo um cporlrhc ostì sueotc l `cmvudshcmos c pèrihil iod `cmtrcd bæsh`c. Dls pruoals fèih`ls ospo`hldhzlils puoiom sor moòslrhls plrl iotorfhmlr ostls `cmih`hcmos. (o) Dcs cporlicros y prl`th`lmtos io cporlrhc ioaorìm tomor poròp`hðm mcrfld io prcbumihili, `lfpc io vhshðm, thofpc io rol``hðm, iostrozl flmuld, `ccrihml`hðm, y mc tomor tomiom`hls l flrocs c `lrl`toræsth`ls `l rl`toræsth`ls shfhdlros hmiosolados. (b) Liofìs, l dc yl fom`hcmlic lmtorhcrfomto, lmtorhcrfomto, od cporlrhc cporlrhc ioaorì5 (<) Iofcstrlr glahdhili io `cfpromior o hmtorprotlr tcils dls othquotls, dcs flmuldos io cporlicr, `ðihjcs io sojurhili y ctrl hmbcrfl`hðm porthmomto plrl `crrojhr dl cporl`hðm io dl jrõl> (1) [csoor `cmc`hfhomtc io prcòihfhomtcs io oforjom`hl o hfpdofomtl`hðm iod fhsfc> (0) Iofcstrlr ld ofpdolicr dl glahdhili io cporlr od thpc ospo`hbh`c io oquhpc> (9) Ostlr blfhdhlrhzlics `cm dl lpdh`l`hðm io dls rojudl`hcmos io sojurhili> (?) Omtomior dl rospcmslahdhili io dcs roquorhfhomtcs io flmtomhfhomtc io dl jrõl> (2) Ostlr blfhdhlrhzlic `cm dl jrõl y sus bum`hcmos io `cmtrcd> (:) Omtomior dcs prcòihfhomtcs io cporl`hðm `cfc dc ios`rhao od blarh`lmto. 11-0.<.< @cmiu`tl io dcs Cporlrhcs (l) Od cporlicr mc plrth`hplrì om ùldquhor prì`th`l quo iosvæo su ltom`hðm ld fhsfc thofpc om quo ostè cporlmic uml jrõl. (a) @lil cporlicr sorì rospcmslado pcr lquoddls cporl`hcmos alec od `cmtrcd ihro`tc iod suporvhscr. Phofpro quo oxhstl uml iuil scaro dl sojurhili, od cporlicr ioaorì `cmsudtlr ld suporvhscr lmtos io flmhpudlr dls `lrjls. (`) Od cporlicr mc ioao ioelr uml `lrjl suspomihil iosltomihil l fomcs quo pro`lu`hcmos ospo`æbh`ls ostlado`hils y ostèm om su dujlr. (i) Ph gly uml soüld io livortom`hl om od hmtorruptcr c om dcs `cmtrcdos io omòmihic iod fctcr, od cporlicr mc ioao òrrlr od hmtorruptcr c omòmior od fctcr glstl quo dl soüld io livortom`hl glyl shic rothrlil pcr dl porscml ioshjmlil. (o) Lmtos io òrrlr od hmtorruptcr c omòmior od fctcr, od cporlicr ioaorì vor quo tcics dcs `cmtrcdos ostèm om —CBB‖ c om pcsh`hðm moutrc y so gl iospoelic l tcic od porscmld. (b) Ph dl pctom`hl blddl iurlmto dl cporl`hðm, od cporlicr ioaorì5 (<) Fcvor dcs `cmtrcdos l —CBB‖ c l pcsh`hðm moutrl> (1)Iosòmior dl `lrjl suspomihil y dl pdufl, sh buorl prì`th`c. (l) Od cporlicr ioaorì ostlr blfhdhlrhzlic `cm od oquhpc y `cm od prcphc ùhilic. Ph scm moòslrhcs leustosy ctlfahèm roplrl`hcmos, od cporlicr ioaorì cporlicr. hmbcrflr io hmfoihltc l dl porscml `ldhbh`lil ioaorì mcthbh`lr ld shjuhomto 9; (a) Dcs `cmtrcdos ioaom sor prcalics pcr od cporlicr ld hmh`hc io `lil turmc. Ph ldjõm `cmtrcd mc bum`hcml lioùlilfomto, ostcs ioaos sor leustlics c roplrlics lmtos io hmh`hlr dl cporl`hðm. (`) Dcs ostlahdhzlicros ioaom sor vhshados ld cporlicr fhomtrls dcs oxthomio c leustl l fomcs quo od cporlicr sol lshsthic pcr pc r uml porscml quo il dls soüldos. Po``hðm 11-0.15 [rì`th`ls io cporl`hðm 11-0.1.< Flmhpudl`hðm io dl `lrjl (l) Ylflüc io dl `lrjl (<) Mhmjuml jrõl ioao sor `lrjlil fìs lddì io dl `lrjl mcfhmld l oxòp`hðm io prcpðshtcs io pruoal. (1) Dl `lrjl quo sorì odovlil ioao ostlr iomtrc io dl `lrjl mcfhmld io dl jrõl om su `cmbhjurl`hðm oxhstomto. (0) @ulmic mc so `cmcò `cm oxl`thtui dls `lrjls quo sorìm odovlils, dl porscml rospcmslado plrl od trlalec ioaorì ostladoòr ostladoòr quo od posc io dls `lrjls mc oxòil dl `lrjl mcfhmld io dl jrõl om od rlihc om od ùld dl `lrjl ioao sor odovlil. (l) Lpdh`lmic dl `lrjl (<) Dl `lrjl ioao sor lpdh`lil ld jlm`gc l trlvès io osdhmjls u ctrc ihspcshthvc io subh`homto `lpl`hili. (1) Od `lado io odovl`hðm mc ioao omvcdvorso ldroioicr io dl `lrjl. (a) Fcvhomic dl `lrjl (<) Od cporlicr iotorfhmlrì què5 (l) Dl jrõl ostl mhvodlil mhvodlil y sh buorl moòslrhc, od `lrrhor ostl lioùlilfomto adcquolic> (a) Dl `lrjl ostì ahom lsojurlil y aldlmòlil om dl osdhmjl c om ihspcshthvc io odovl`hðm lmtos io sor odovlil umls ùlmtls pudjlils (ff)> (`) Po prcpcr`hcmlm foihcs plrl flmtomor ld vogæùdc io flmorl ostl`hcmlrhl fhomtrls dl jrõl ostl om cporl`hðm> (1) Lmtos io `cfomzlr l odovlr, od jlm`gc so pcmirì scaro dl `lrjl io tld flmorl quo fhmhfhò dl rctl`hðm. (0) Iurlmto dl odovl`hðm, tomjl ùhilic om quo5 (l) Mc oxhsto lòdorl`hðm c ioslòdorl`hðm ropomthml io dl `lrjl om fcvhfhomtc> (a) Dl `lrjl, dl pdufl y ctrls plrtos io dl jrõl mc thomom `cmtl`tc `cm mhmjuml castru``hðm. (9) Dls jrõls mc ioaom uthdhzlrso plrl lrrlstrlr `lrjls dltorldos. (?) Osto Ostìmilr ro`cmcò quo dls jrõls io pdufl lrthùdlil ostìm ihsoülils plrl dl flmhpudl`hðm io fltorhldos. Mc ùfpdom `cm dcs roquhshtcs io odovl`hðm io porscmld. [cr dc tlmtc, sh uml porscml so omùomtrl om od jlm`gc c om dl `lrjl, od jlm`gc c dl `lrjl mc ioao odovlrso, iosòmiorso, rctlrso c iospdlzlrso. Dls `lmlsthddls suspomihils mc ioaom uthdhzlrso om dls d ls jrõls ùahortls om osto Ostìmilr. Dls pdltlbcrfls io trlalec (`lmlsthddls) lieumtls l dl pdufl ioaorìm sor lprcalils pcr od blarh`lmto io dl jrõl. (2) Od cporlicr ioao ovhtlr odovlr `lrjlr `lrjl r scaro porscmls. (:) @ulmic dl jrõl ostì oquhplil, dcs ostlahdhzlicros ioaom ostlr `cfpdotlfomto oxtomihics y bhecs. Od adcquoc io dcs ostlahdhzlicros ioao ùfpdhr `cm dcs shjuhomtos roquorhfhomtcs5 (l) Ioao sor subh`homtofomto buorto plrl ovhtlr od lpdlstlfhomtc> (a) Ioao sor io tld jrcscr, lm`gc y dcmjhtui plrl scpcrtlr `cfpdotlfomto dl jltl iod ostlahdhzlicr (7) Mhvodlr od torromc bhrfo ioalec io tcils dls ddlmtls c dcs pdltcs (zlpltls) io dcs vìstljcs vorth`ldos. @ulmic dcs scpcrtos scaro od ùld so lpcylm dcs pdltcs mc scm 9< sufhmhstrlic, ioao sor prcpcr`hcmlic io ctrc fcic yl sol pcr foihc io fliorcs, u ctrcs fhofarcs ostru`turld plrl ihstrhauhr dl `lrjl l bhm io mc oxòior dl `lpl`hili io `lrjl lifhshado iod fltorhld liylòmto. (8) Om trìmshtc, dl pdufl ioao ostlr om pcsh`hðm ropdojlil. (<;) @ulmic jhro dl jrõl, lrrlmquos y bromlics ropomthmcs ioaom ovhtlrso. Dl vodc`hili rctl`hcmld ioao sor tld quo dl `lrjl mc so aldlmòo fìs lddì iod rlihc om od ùld puoio sor `cmtrcdlil. (<<)Dl jrõl mc ioao iospdlzlrso `cm dl `lrjl om od jlm`gc l fomcs quo od blarh`lmto dc ro`cfhomio. (<1)Mc so do porfhto l dls porscmls ostlr c plslr pcr ioalec io uml `lrjl suspomihil. (i) [rcòihfhomtc io julrilr y sl`lr dl jrõl . Phjl od prcòihfhomtc y dl soùom`hl soùom`hl iod blarh`lmto julrilr y sl`lr dl jrõl. Po``hðm 11-0.05 Rlrhlic 11-0.0.< Cporlr òr`l io dæmols io omorjæl odè`trh`ls (l) Dls jrõls ioao cporlrso io fcic quo mhmjuml plrto io dl jrõl hmjroso l dl zcml io podhjrc fcstrlil om dl Bhj. <:. OW@O[@HCMOP5 (<) Po puoio hmjroslr l dl zcml io podhjrc duojc io dl `cmbhrfl`hðm pcr plrto io dl porscml ioshjmlil, quo dl ihstrhau`hðm odè`trh`l y dls dæmols io trlmsfhshðm glm shic ios-omorjhzlils y scm vhshados om thorrl om od pumtc io trlalec> c (1) Po puoio hmjroslr l dl zcml io podhjrc, sh so glm hmstldlic alrrols lhsdlmtos (mc os plrto io dl jrõl mh os um lieumtc) plrl provomhr od `cmtl`tc bæsh`c `cm dls dæmols. 91 MCYL JOMOQLD5 [lrl uml ihstlm`hl fæmhfl rlihl io dl zcml io podhjrc, vèlso Yladl <. BHJ. <: UCML IO [ODHJQC [LQL JQÕLP X @LQJLP ODORLILP \_O C[OQLM @OQ@L IO DHMOLP IO YQLMPFHPHÐM ODÈ@YQH@L YLADL < IHPYLM@HL QO\_OQHIL [LQL _M RCDYLEO MCQFLD OM C[OQL@HCMOP @OQ@L IO DÆMOLP ODÈ@YQH@LP IO LDYC RCDYLEO X C[OQL@HCMOP OM YQÌMPHYC PHM @LQJL, PHM [D_FL X @CM OD FÌPYHD IOP@OMIHIC Rcdtleo mcrfld, Nv (Blso l blso) Ihstlm`hl fæmhfl roquorhil [hos (f) (Mctl (<)) Cporl`hðm òr`lLio ?;dls dæmols odè`trh`ls io ldtl tomshðm L fìs io ?; glstl 1;; L fìs io 1;; glstl 0?; 90 <; <? 1; 0.;? 9.2; 2.<; L fìs io 0?; glstl ?;; L fìs io ?;; glstl :?; L fìs io :?; glstl <.;;; 1? 0? 9? Cporl`hðm om trìmshtc shm `lrjl, shm pdufl y `cm od fìsthd iosòmihic L ;.:? 9 L fìs io ;.:? glstl ?; 2 L fìs io 2; glstl 09? <; L fìs io 09? glstl :?; <2 L fìs io :?; glstl <.;;; 1; :.21 <;.2: <0.:1 <.11 <.70 0.;? 9.7: 2.<; (<) [lrl dls dæmols mcfhmldos io ?; nR c pcr pc r ioalec, uml ihstlm`hl fæmhfl omtro dls dæmols y ùldquhor plrto io dl jrõl c `lrjl ioaorì sor io <; phos (0 f). [lrl vcdtleos suporhcros, vèlso od ùlirc <. (1) Yomjl pro`lu`hðm ùlmic trlaleo òr`l io dls dæmols io scaro`lrjl pcrquo puoiom fcvorso gcrhzcmtldfomto c vorth`ldfomto ioahic ld vhomtc, fcvhomic dl zcml io podhjrc l uml muovl pcsh`hðm. (0) Om trìmshtc shm `lrjl y `cm dl pdufl iosòmihil, dl ihstlm`hl ioao sor `cfc so ospo`hbh`l om dl Yladl <. (9) Po lshjmlrì uml porscml `ldhbh`lil quo io soüldos, plrl casorvlr dl ihstlm`hl y ilr dl livortom`hl io lòr`lrso dæfhtos yl fom`hcmlics. (a) @uldquhorlmtos tomihic io `lados lsodcs `cmshiorl `cfc uml dæmol omorjhzlil omorjhzlil l fomcs y glstl quo dl porscml prcphotlrhl io ih`gl dæmol odè`trh`l c io dl d l uthdhili vorhbhquo quo mc so trltl io uml dæmol io omorjæl. (`) Dls oxòp`hcmos l osto prcòihfhomtc, sh os lprcalil pcr od thtudlr io dls dæmols odè`trh`ls, pcirì sor `cmòihil pcr dl lutcrhili lifhmhstrlthvl c rojdlfomtlrhl sh od prcòihfhomtc ldtormlthvc prcpcr`hcml uml prcto``hðm oquhvldomto y bhjurl pcr os`rhtc.(i) Po hmstldlrìm soüldos iurliorls om dl ostl`hðm iod cporlicr y pcr buorl io dl jrõl, livhrthomic quo puoio prciu`hrso odo`trcù`hðm c doshcmos `crpcrldos jrlvos l fomcs quo so flmtomjl uml ihstlm`hl fæmhfl io <; phos (0 f) omtro dl jrõl c dl `lrjl quo so flmoel y omtro dls dæmols io pcior omorjhzlils. Po roquhorom flycros ihstlm`hls ioahic ld lufomtc io vcdtleo `cfc so hmih`l om od pìrrlbc 110.0.< (l). Ostls soüldos sorìm rovhslils, porc mc odhfhmlils ùlmic dl eurhsih``hðm dc`ld roquhoro flycr ihstlm`hls. 99 9?

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