FAO / INFOODS Databases Density Database Version 2.0 Cover design: Kristy Ebanks in collaboration with Doris Rittenschober, Barbara Stadlmayr, U. Ruth Charrondiere, Diedelinde Persijn and Verena Nowak. Photos: © FAO FAO/INFOODS Density Database Version 2.0 (2012) Prepared by: U. Ruth Charrondiere, David Haytowitz and Barbara Stadlmayr The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. E-ISBN 978-92-5-107346-9 (PDF) All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. © FAO 2012 Table of contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Definitions ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Mass density or density ............................................................................................................................... 5 Bulk density .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Specific gravity ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Densities and specific gravities of foods ................................................................................................................... 5 Beverages, non-alcoholic (including soft drinks and juices) ................................................................. 5 Tea, cacao, coffee and drinking powders................................................................................................. 6 Beverages, alcoholic .................................................................................................................................... 7 Milk and dairy products ............................................................................................................................10 Oils and fats ................................................................................................................................................11 Cereal and cereal products .......................................................................................................................11 Tubers and products .................................................................................................................................14 Nuts and seeds ...........................................................................................................................................15 Fruits ............................................................................................................................................................15 Vegetables ...................................................................................................................................................15 Legumes ......................................................................................................................................................16 Herbes and spices ......................................................................................................................................16 Fish and fish products...............................................................................................................................16 Egg and egg products................................................................................................................................16 Meat and meat products ...........................................................................................................................16 Snacks ..........................................................................................................................................................17 Sweets ..........................................................................................................................................................17 Miscellaneous foods ..................................................................................................................................17 Soups ...........................................................................................................................................................18 Mixed dishes ...............................................................................................................................................18 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................................21 2 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank members of the INFOODS listserv for comments received on version 1.0, especially from Anders Moeller, and Suzanne Murphy and Connie Gewa for sharing density data collected in a Kenyan project. 3 Introduction FAO/INFOODS prepared this database to provide a tool for researchers and professionals to convert volume into weight and vice-versa. Data were collected from the literature, various national food composition tables and measurements conducted by the authors (see bibliography). Version 1.0 included density data for 214 food entries in 16 food groups from six sources and version 2.0 includes 638 foods entries in 20 food groups from 11 sources. For version 2, in addition to density data it was decided to also present data on specific gravity and to define the terms used. The data presented in this database are divided between density (including mass density and bulk density) and specific gravity. Like version 1.0, the data can be downloaded in Excel format from the INFOODS website. Table 1. Food groups and number of foods Food group Beverages, non alcoholic (including soft drinks and juices) Tea, coffee and drinking powders Beverages (alcoholic) - Beer - Spirits and liqueurs - Wine and cider Milk and dairy products - Milk - Dairy products Oils and fats - Oils - Fats and others Cereals and cereal products Tubers and products* Nuts and seeds Fruits* Vegetables Legumes Herbs and spices* Fish and fish products Eggs and egg products Meat and meat products* Snacks Sweets Miscellaneous foods (e.g. salt table, salad dressing) Soups Mixed dishes Number of foods 44 18 118 19 59 40 48 17 31 30 23 7 130 13 12 3 29 20 8 2 3 13 3 22 18 10 94 * new food group in Version 2.0 If you have any additional measured data, we would appreciate if you could send them to [email protected] to incorporate them into the FAO/INFOODS Density Database. Your contribution will be acknowledged with your name. 4 Definitions x Mass density or density: The mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The mass density of a material varies with temperature and pressure. The variance is typically small for solids and liquids. Whenever information on temperature or pressure was available in the literature it was added to the reference. mass density = --------volume x Bulk density: Bulk density is a property of powders, granules and other solids, particularly used in reference to mineral components (soil, gravel), chemical substances, (pharmaceutical) ingredients, foodstuff or any other masses of corpuscular or particulate matter. It is defined as the mass of many particles of the material divided by the total volume they occupy. The total volume comprises particle volume, inter-particle void volume and internal pore volume. x Specific gravity: Specific gravity is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density (mass of the same unit volume) of a reference substance. In most of the cases the reference substance is water for liquids or air for gases. Specific gravity represents a ratio and is therefore dimensionless. The numerical values of density and specific gravity are the same if the measurement temperature of water is 4°C. At any other temperature the measures of density and specific gravity (with water being the reference component) will be slightly different. Precision of data is important, however as food intake data are estimates and not precise to the exact mL, it was decided to truncate calculated density and specific gravity data to two decimal numbers whereas data from the literature given in three decimal number were listed as such. Densities and specific gravities of foods Table 2. Densities and specific gravities of foods Food name and description Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) Beverages, non-alcoholic (including soft drinks and juices) Apple juice, canned or bottled, unsweetened, with 1.04 added ascorbic acid Apple juice, canned or bottled, unsweetened, 1.04 without added ascorbic acid Beverages, fruit juice drink, reduced sugar, with 1.04 vitamin E added Carbonated beverage, tonic water 1.02 Cranberry juice cocktail, bottled 1.05 Cranberry-apple juice drink, bottled 1.06 Fruit drinks, low calories, undiluted Fruit drinks, undiluted Fruit juice Fruit juice drinks Fruit juice drinks, ready to drink BiblioID Update Version 2.0 1.05 USDA x 1.05 USDA x 1.05 USDA x 1.02 1.05 1.07 1.010-1.030 USDA USDA USDA UK 6th x x x 1.090-1.120 UK 6th FNDDS 4.1 UK 6th UK 6th 1.06 1.040 1.030-1.040 5 Specific gravity Food name and description Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 1.054 1.06 Specific gravity 1.07 S&W USDA x 1.06 1.07 USDA x Guanabana nectar, canned Guava nectar, canned Ice, crushed Juice, apple and grape blend, with added ascorbic acid Juice, apple, grape and pear blend, with added ascorbic acid and calcium 1.02 1.02 0.56-0.72 1.05 1.02 1.02 x x x 1.05 USDA USDA ASI USDA 1.05 1.05 USDA Lemonade, frozen concentrate, pink Lemonade, frozen concentrate, white Lime juice cordial, undiluted 1.24 1.17 1.24 1.17 1.102 USDA USDA UK 6th Mango nectar, canned Meal supplement drink, NESTLE, SUPLIGEN, canned, peanut flavor 1.00 1.04 1.00 1.04 USDA USDA x x Orange juice Orange juice with calcium Orange juice, canned, unsweetened Orange soda (sweetened with sugar) QUAKER OATS, PROPEL Fitness Water, fruitflavored, non-carbonated 1.038 1.038 1.04 1.029 1.00 1.05 x 1.00 S&W S&W USDA S&W USDA 1.040 UK 6th 1.020 S&W UK 6th 1.070 UK 6th x x x Grape juice Grape juice, canned or bottled, unsweetened, with added ascorbic acid Grape juice, canned or bottled, unsweetened, without added ascorbic acid Soft drinks, cola type Soft drinks, diet soda Soft drinks, lemonade type 0.988 Soft drinks, lucozade type BiblioID Update Version 2.0 x Soy drink Soya + milk + sugar Soya + sugar Sports drink, COCA-COLA, POWERADE, lemonlime flavored, ready-to-drink 1.08 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.03 FNDDS 4.1 KEN KEN USDA Sports drink, PEPSICO QUAKER GATORADE, GATORADE, original, fruit-flavored, ready-todrink Tamarind nectar, canned Water Water, ice, 0 °C Water, ice, 4 °C Water, liquid, 20 °C Water, mineralwater 1.03 1.03 USDA x 1.01 1.01 1 x x 0.916 0.999 0.998 1.035-1.04 USDA CG TB TB TB DK 1 1 0.59-0.62 0.25 FNDDS 4.1 FNDDS 4.1 ASI RC Tea, cacao, coffee and drinking powders Coffee, brewed Coffee, expresso Coffee, green (beans) Coffee, powder (nescafé) 6 0.59-0.62 x Food name and description Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 0.35-0.38 1.06 0.5-0.55 0.2-0.25 0.48 1 0.23 0.38 0.43 1 1 1.03 Specific gravity BiblioID 0.35-0.38 1.04 ASI FNDDS 4.1 RC KEN KEN KEN KEN ASI ASI FNDDS 4.1 KEN USDA 1.03 1.03 USDA x 1.03 1.04 USDA x 1.005 UK 6th 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.003 USDA USDA USDA USDA KEN UK 6th 1.01 1.01 1.014 DK TB USDA USDA UK 6th Beer, stout, extra 1.002 UK 6th Beer, strong ale 1.018 UK 6th Beer, type bitter or brown ale 1.008 UK 6th Beer, type draught 1.004 UK 6th Beer, type Keg 1.001 UK 6th Beer, type mild, draught 1.009 UK 6th Coffee, roasted (beans) Miso, broth, ready to drink Powder, chocolate drinking powder Powders Tea, black (tea leaves) Tea, herbal, Ciakimora (leaves + water) Tea, herbal, Ciakimora leaves Tea, flakes Tea, powdered Tea, liquid Tea, only (tea leaves + water) Tea, ready-to-drink, ARIZONA iced tea, with lemon flavor Tea, ready-to-drink, LIPTON BRISK iced tea, with lemon flavor Tea, ready-to-drink, NESTLE, COOL NESTEA ice tea lemon flavor Beverages, alcoholic Beer Beer, lager Beer, light Beer, light, BUD LIGHT Beer, light, BUDWEISER SELECT Beer, light, MICHELOB ULTRA Beer, local (non specific) Beer, pale ale 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.96 Beer, pilsner Beer, pilsner, 4 °C Beer, regular, all Beer, regular, BUDWEISER Beer, stout, bottled 1.007 1.008 1.01 1.00 Beer, commercial (white cap etc.) Spirits and liqueurs Alcohol, ethyl Amaretto Amaretto di Saranno Anisette Apricot brandy Apricot liquor Bailey's irish cream Benedictine 0.97 0.789 1.1 1.08 1.175 1.06 1.09 1.05 1.04 7 Update Version 2.0 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x KEN x TB CG CG CG CG CG CG CG x x x x x x x Food name and description Specific gravity BiblioID 1.07 1.06 1.1 1.11 1.04 1.06 1.06 1.12 1.13 1.04 1.16 1.14 1.14 1.18 1.165 1.08 1.08 1.11 1.01 1.12 1.04 1.093 CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG CG DK UK 6th Liqueur, type cherry brandy 1.093 UK 6th Liqueur, type curacao 1.052 UK 6th Midori melon liquor Orange curacao Parfrait d'amour Peach brandy Peach liqueur Peppermint schnapps Port 1.05 1.08 1.13 1.06 1.04 1.04 1.026 CG CG CG CG CG CG UK 6th x x x x x x Rock and Rye Sherry, dry 1.05 0.988 CG UK 6th x Sherry, medium 0.998 UK 6th Sherry, sweet 1.009 UK 6th Sloe gin Southern comfort Spirits, 40% alcohol 1.04 0.97 0.950 CG CG UK 6th 1.12 1.09 1.09 0.98 DK DK DK CG CG CG CG Benedictine D.O.M. Blackberry brandy Blackberry liquor Blue curacao Brandy Campari Cherry brandy Cherry liqueur Coffee liquor Cointreau Crème de almond Crème de banana Crème de cacao Creme de cassis Crème de noyaux Drambuie Frangelico Galliano Green chartreuse Green crème de menthe Kummel Liqueur Liqueur, type advocaat Spirits, 45% alcohol (whiskey) Spirits, 70% alcohol Spirits, 75% alcohol Strawberry liqueur Tia Maria Triple sec Tuaca Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 1.03-1.150 0.939 0.885 0.873 8 Update Version 2.0 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Food name and description Specific gravity BiblioID Vermouth, dry 1.005 UK 6th Vermouth, sweet 1.046 UK 6th White crème de cacao White crème de menthe Yellow chartreuse Wine and Cider Cider, dry 1.14 1.12 1.06 CG CG CG 1.007 UK 6th Cider, sweet 1.012 UK 6th Cider, vintage 1.017 UK 6th Wine, red 0.998 UK 6th Wine, rose, medium 1.003 UK 6th 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.04 1.03 1.00 1.01 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.995 USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA USDA DK UK 6th Wine, white, medium 1.005 UK 6th Wine, white, sweet 1.016 UK 6th Wine, table, all Wine, table, red Wine, table, red, Barbera Wine, table, red, Burgundy Wine, table, red, Cabernet Franc Wine, table, red, Cabernet Sauvignon Wine, table, red, Carignane Wine, table, red, Claret Wine, table, red, Gamay Wine, table, red, Lemberger Wine, table, red, Merlot Wine, table, red, Mouvedre Wine, table, red, Petite Sirah Wine, table, red, Pinot Noir Wine, table, red, Sangiovese Wine, table, red, Syrah Wine, table, red, Zinfandel Wine, table, white Wine, table, white, Chardonnay Wine, table, white, Chenin Blanc Wine, table, white, Fume Blanc Wine, table, white, Gewurztraminer Wine, table, white, late harvest Wine, table, white, late harvest, Gewurztraminer Wine, table, white, Muller Thurgau Wine, table, white, Muscat Wine, table, white, Pinot Blanc Wine, table, white, Pinot Gris (Grigio) Wine, table, white, Riesling Wine, table, white, Sauvignon Blanc Wine, table, white, Semillon Wine, white Wine, white, dry or sparkling Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.99 1.04 1.03 1.00 1.01 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 1.00 1-1.04 9 Update Version 2.0 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Food name and description Milk and dairy products Milk Milk (at 15.6 C) Milk (non-fat dry) Milk (powdered whole) Milk (powdered) Milk shake, fruit and other Milk, acidophilus cultured Milk, buttermilk Milk, chocolate milk, skimmed Milk, cow, whole Milk, evaporated Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) Specific gravity BiblioID Update Version 2.0 1.02-1.05 x x x x 1.07 CSG ASI ASI ASI FNDDS 4.1 DK DK DK KEN UK 6th 1.03 FNDDS 4.1 UK 6th 0.56 0.56 0.21 1 1.01 1.022 1.056 1.04 x Milk, goat, whole Milk, liquid (whole, semi-skimmed, skimmed) 1.08 Milk, liquid, partially skimmed Milk, liquid, skimmed Milk, liquid, skimmed Milk, liquid, whole Milk, liquid, whole Dairy products Butter Butter, margarine 1.034 1.033 1.036 1.030 1.031 DK TB DK TB DK 0.911 0.96 TB RC Buttermilk, dried 0.5 ASI x Casein 0.58 ASI x Cheese, emmentaler, grated 0.34 RC Cream, 13% fat 1.013 DK Cream, 38% fat 0.984 DK Cream, 9% fat 1.017 DK Cream, double (about 40-50% fat) Cream, heavy Cream, light Cream, single (about 20% fat) 0.994 1.012 Cream, sour (crème fraiche about 18% fat) Cream, sour (crème fraiche about 38% fat) Cream, whipped Cream, whipping (about 40% fat) 1.005 0.978 0.496 Ice cream Ice cream, dairy 0.554 Ice cream, light (formerly ice milk) Ice cream, light, no sugar added Ice cream, no sugar added Ice cream, non dairy 0.56 0.58 0.54 Ice cream, regular Ice cream, rich 0.56 0.62 10 0.94 UK 6th 1.00 TB TB UK 6th 0.96 DK DK S&W UK 6th 0.61 S&W UK 6th 0.51 FNDDS 4.1 FNDDS 4.1 FNDDS 4.1 UK 6th FNDDS 4.1 FNDDS 4.1 Food name and description Sour milk, cow, whole Yoghurt, berry, low fat, artificially sweetened Yoghurt, fruits Yoghurt, low fat, fruit Yoghurt, plain, unsweetened Yoghurt, plain, unsweetened Yoghurt, strawberry, low fat Oils and fats Oils Cooking oil, elianto oil, salad, golden fry, rina Cooking oil, sima Cooking oil, tily, chipo, pura Oil, cod (at 15.6 C) Oil, corn (at 15.6 C) Oil, cotton seed (at 15.6 C) Oil, lard (at 15.6 C) Oil, linseed (at 15.6 C) Oil, olive (at 15.6 C) Oil, other than palmoil Oil, palm (at 15.6 C) Oil, palmoil Oil, peanut (at 15.6 C) Oil, rapeseed (at 20 C) Oil, seasame seed (at 15.6 C) Oil, sunflower Oil, vegetable, coconut Oil, vegetable, corn Oil, vegetable, olive Oil, vegetable, palm Oil, vegetable, peanut Oil, vegetable, soya Oil, whale (at 15.6 C) Fats and other Animal fat Lard Lard (at 15.6 C) Mayonnaise, light Mayonnaise, traditional Solid vegetable fat kimbo Solid vegetable fat rina Cereal and cereal products Barley Barley malt, flour Barley, fine ground Barley, meal Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 0.98 1.06 1.045-1.06 1.08 BiblioID KEN FNDDS 4.1 DK UK 6th Update Version 2.0 x 1.06 1.031 1.08 FNDDS 4.1 DK FNDDS 4.1 0.88 0.88 0.88 KEN KEN KEN CSG CSG CSG CSG CSG CSG DK CSG DK CSG CSG CSG RC TB TB TB TB TB TB CSG x x x x x x x x x x 1 0.91 0.6 0.67 KEN TB CSG TB TB KEN KEN 0.62 0.72 0.74 0.45 TB ASI ASI ASI 0.928 0.924 0.88-0.93 0.91-0.93 0.93-0.94 0.91-0.92 0.92 0.924 0.89 0.92 0.92 0.923 0.96 0.924 0.922 0.918 0.915 0.914 0.927 0.925 0.7 0.919 0.96 11 Specific gravity x x x x x x x x x x x Food name and description Barley, flour Barley, flour, malted Barley, ground Barley, malted Barley, rolled Barley, scoured Barley, whole Biscuits Bran Bread Bread, cornbread Bread, roll, soft Bread, white Bread, white, sliced, prepacked Breadcrumbs Breakfast cereal, cornflakes (dry cereal) Breakfast cereal, muesli w/ fruits&nuts Breakfast cereal, raisin bran Breakfast cereal, type Cheerios Breakfast cereal, type Corn flakes Breakfast cereal, type Crispix Breakfast cereal, type frosted flakes Breakfast cereal, type Just Right Breakfast cereal, type rice krispies Buckwheat, bran Buckwheat, flour Buckwheat, whole Bulrush mille, fermented flour Cake Cake mix Corn/maize flour, white Corn/maize starch, loosely packed Corn/maize sugar Corn/maize, boiled Corn/maize, boiled with fat Corn/maize, bran Corn/maize, chops (coarse) Corn/maize, chops (fine) Corn/maize, chops (medium) Corn/maize, cobs Corn/maize, cracked (coarse) Corn/maize, ear Corn/maize, ear Corn/maize, fermented flour Corn/maize, flour Corn/maize, meal Corn/maize, flour Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 0.61 0.64 0.38-0.42 0.49 0.34-0.38 0.66 0.61-0.69 0.41-0.53 0.56 0.29 0.433 0.18 0.42 0.29 0.45 0.117 0.37 0.26 0.13 0.1 0.13 0.18 0.24 0.12 0.25 0.66 0.59-0.66 0.56 0.415 0.7 0.55 0.54 0.33 0.90 0.90 0.21 0.64-0.70 0.58-0.62 0.61-0.67 0.27 0.64 0.9 0.9 0.55 0.82 0.64 0.62 12 Specific gravity BiblioID ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI FNDDS 4.1 ASI FNDDS 4.1 S&W FNDDS 4.1 KEN FNDDS 4.1 RC S&W FNDDS 4.1 FNDDS 4.1 FNDDS 4.1 RC FNDDS 4.1 FNDDS 4.1 FNDDS 4.1 FNDDS 4.1 ASI ASI ASI KEN S&W ASI KEN TB ASI KEN KEN ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI TB ASI KEN ASI ASI ASI Update Version 2.0 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Food name and description Corn/maize, germ flour Corn/maize, gluten flour Corn/maize, grits Corn/maize, ground Corn/maize, kibbled Corn/maize, mash Corn/maize, shelled Corn/maize, starch Corn/maize, starch, tightly packed Corn/maize, white, boiled Corn/maize, white, dry Corn/maize, whole kernel, dried, cracked (Njenga) Corn/maize, whole kernel, dried, cracked, boiled (Njenga) Corn/maize, whole shelled Donut mix Dough mix Finger millet, fermented flour Millet Millet Millet flour, bulrush Millet flour, finger Millet, bulrush Millet, finger Oat Flour Oat middlings Oats Oats Oats groats, whole Oats, ground Oats, hulls Oats, rolled Pasta, short macaroni style, boiled Pasta, short macaroni style, raw Pasta/ noodles, boiled Porridge flour bonavist, boiled Porridge flour bonavist, raw Porridge flour ken-uji + lemon extract Porridge flour ken-uji:F.mill, bul, sorg, wheat Porridge, maize, flour + water Rice Rice, boiled Rice, boiled with fat Rice, bran Rice, hulled Rice, puffed Rice, raw Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 0.56 0.51-0.69 0.64-0.69 0.54-0.58 0.32-0.35 0.72 0.72 0.67 0.63 0.85 0.81 0.81 1.07 0.72 0.64 0.59 0.61 0.64 0.64 0.56 0.61 0.90 0.81 0.53 0.61 0.41 0.43 0.74 0.46 0.13 0.30-0.38 0.55 0.39 0.59 0.73 0.84 0.54 0.60 1.05 0.72 0.73 0.70 0.42 0.75 0.1 0.85 13 Specific gravity BiblioID ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI TB ASI TB KEN KEN KEN KEN ASI ASI ASI KEN ASI TB KEN KEN KEN KEN ASI ASI TB ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI RC RC KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN ASI KEN KEN ASI TB ASI KEN Update Version 2.0 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Food name and description Rice, rough Rice, white, boiled Rice, white, raw Rye Rye, bran Rye, flour Rye, malted Rye, middlings Rye, shorts Rye, whole Semolina, raw Sorghum, fermented flour Sorghum, flour Sorghum, seed Soy, flour Soya, flour Wheat Wheat, bran Wheat, cracked Wheat, cut Wheat, flour Wheat, flour Wheat, flour Wheat, flour Wheat, flour, malted Wheat, flour, white Wheat, flour, wholemeal Wheat, gluten Wheat, hulls Wheat, middlings Wheat, shaved Wheat, whole Whey Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 0.58 0.73 0.82 0.72 0.24-0.32 0.67 0.51 0.67 0.54 0.69-0.72 0.78 0.54 0.54 0.51-0.56 0.7 0.64 0.77 0.18-0.26 0.56 0.74 0.48 0.58 0.67 0.521 0.66 0.67 0.55 0.69 0.7 0.24 0.54 0.72-0.83 0.56 Tubers and products Arrowroot/cocoyam, boiled Arrowroot/cocoyam, raw Cassava,flour Cassava, boiled Cassava, raw Potato, english, boiled Potato, english, raw Potatoes, flakes Potatoes, powdered Sweet potato, boiled Sweet potato, raw Yam, boiled 0.54 0.52 0.55 0.63 0.63 0.59 0.59 0.21 0.77 0.65 0.44 0.79 14 Specific gravity BiblioID TB RC RC TB ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI RC KEN KEN ASI ASI ASI TB ASI ASI ASI ASI KEN ASI S&W ASI RC RC ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN ASI ASI KEN KEN KEN Update Version 2.0 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Food name and description Yam, raw Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 0.66 Nuts and seeds Almonds Cashews Coconut Chips Flaxseed Nuts Peanuts Peanuts, shelled Peanuts, unshelled Pistachio, raw, with shell Pistachio, raw, without shell Rapeseed Sunflower, seed 0.46 0.5 0.61 0.7 0.63 0.53 0.69 0.27-0.38 0.6 0.646 0.77 0.62 ASI ASI ASI ASI FNDDS 4.1 ASI ASI ASI RC RC ASI ASI x x x x Fruits Apple slices, dried Loquat Paw Paw, unripe 0.24 0.6 0.56 ASI KEN KEN x x x Vegetables Alfalfa, leaf, meal Alfalfa,meal, dehydrated 13% Alfalfa, meal, dehydrated 17% Alfalfa, meal, fine ground Alfalfa, meal, suncured 13% Alfalfa, seed Alfalfa, stem meal Carrot, raw, chopped Carrot, raw, grated Cauliflower, boiled Chili, green Chili, red French green beans Fresh green peas (minji) Leaves, managu, raw (black night shade) Leaves, onion, spring onion, raw Corn/maize, green, sweet corn, boiled Corn/maize, green, sweet corn, raw Olives, green, with stone Onions, chopped Onions, minced Onions, powdered Onions, fried, cubed Onions, raw, cubed Salad, green, leaves, raw Spinach, frozen, cooked 0.23 0.26-0.29 0.29-0.35 0.24-0.35 0.22 0.72-0.77 0.19 0.54 0.71 0.45 0.5 0.5 0.53 0.73 0.2 0.44 0.73 0.61 0.65 0.22 0.13 0.4 0.75 0.55 0.06 1.046 ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI KEN KEN RC KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN RC ASI ASI ASI RC RC RC RC x x x x x x x x x 15 Specific gravity BiblioID KEN Update Version 2.0 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Food name and description Spinach, leaves, raw Sweet pepper, raw, cubes Sweet pepper, raw, half rings Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 0.08 0.51 0.39 Legumes Beans, white Cowpeas Cowpeas, dried, boiled Cowpeas, dried, raw Greengram, boiled Greengram, raw Kidney beans, dry, boiled Kidney beans, dry, raw Kidney beans, green, boiled Kidney beans, green, raw Lentils, green, small, boiled Lentils, green, small, raw Pigeon peas, boiled Pigeon peas, raw Soybean Soybean, flakes Soybean, hulls Soybean, meal Soybean, boiled Soybean, boiled with fat 0.69-0.77 0.72 0.75 0.96 0.76 0.79 0.79 0.75 0.7 0.68 0.85 0.89 0.75 0.84 0.74 0.58 0.4 0.64 0.79 0.70 ASI ASI KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN RC RC KEN KEN ASI ASI ASI ASI KEN KEN x x x x x x x x x x Herbes and spices Cinnamon, powder Clover, seed Dry flavoring mix Roiko and other flavorings Garlic, flakes Garlic, powder Sage, leaves Spice, barbecue Spice, blend 0.56 0.77 0.7 0.35 0.32 0.29 0.48 0.58 ASI ASI KEN ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI x x x x x x x x Fish and fish products Prawns, whole, boiled, with shell Prawns, whole, boiled, without shell 0.58 0.77 RC RC Egg and egg products Egg, yoke, powder Egg, chicken, boiled/poached Eggs, powdered 0.37 0.6 0.35 ASI FNDDS 4.1 ASI x Meat and meat products Blood, flour Blood, meal 0.48 0.62 ASI ASI x x 16 Specific gravity BiblioID Update Version 2.0 RC RC RC x x x x x x x x x Food name and description Bone and meat meal, loose Bone meal, loose Cow intestine, boiled Cow, lean, no bone, raw Cow, intestine, raw Goat, intestine, boiled Goat, intestine, raw Pork, fatty, with bone, boiled Pork, fatty, with bone, raw Pork, medium, with bone, boiled Pork, medium, with bone, raw Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 0.72 0.80-0.96 0.58 0.96 0.93 0.56 0.83 0.63 0.97 0.7 0.93 Snacks Potato chips Potato chips, pringles Snacks, puffed, lowfat 0.09 0.12 0.11 Sweets Glucolin, glucose Glucose (at 15.6 C) Jam Jam, sweetened Jelly Nutella Sucrose Sucrose Octoacetate Sugar Sugar, dextrose Sugar, dextrose Sugar, granulated Sugar, powdered Sugar, white Sugar, white Syrup, blackcurrant, undiluted Syrup, corn Syrup, corn, light Syrup, fruit, blackberry Syrup, grenadine Syrup, maple Syrup, pancake Miscellaneous foods Baking powder Gelatin Monosodium glutamate Mustard powdered Protein supplement Salad dressing 1.333 1.43 1.245 1.26 0.85 0.53 0.95 0.62 0.58 0.7 0.56 0.9 0.88 1.280 1.32 1.312 0.9 0.72 1.62 0.26 0.54 1.1 Update Version 2.0 x x x x x x x x x x x RC FNDDS 4.1 FNDDS 4.1 1.35-1.44 1.38 1.40 1.34 BiblioID ASI ASI KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN 0.4 17 Specific gravity 1.41 1.18 1.32 KEN CSG S&W RC S&W RC ASI ASI KEN ASI ASI ASI ASI RC FNDDS 4.1 UK 6th TB USDA RC CG USDA S&W ASI ASI TB ASI ASI FNDDS 4.1 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Food name and description Salt, sodium chloride Salt, fine table Salt, granulated Salt, table Sauce, soy Sodium bicarbonate Vitamin additive Vitamin compound Vitamin enrichment Vitamin mix Vitamin powder Yeast Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 2.165 1.38 1.28 1.217 1.12 2.2 0.66 0.67 0.64 0.7 0.56 0.95 Soups Bean soup Cheddar cheese soup Chicken noodle soup Egg drop soup Mushroom soup Soup, meat Soup, mixed Soup, thick (squash, potato) Soup, vegetable Tomato soup 1.054 1.046 1 1.017 1.017 1.04 1.05 1.09 0.99 1.017 S&W S&W S&W S&W S&W KEN KEN RC KEN S&W 0.65 1.04 1.05 0.68 0.95 1.03 1.04 0.83 0.95 0.99 S&W S&W S&W S&W S&W S&W S&W S&W KEN KEN x x 0.98 0.88 1.04 0.94 0.75 1.05 0.83 1.04 1.10 1.13 1.30 KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN x x x x x x x x x x x Mixed dishes Beef and noodles (no sauce) Beef and noodles in gravy (mixture) Beef stew, canned Beef, noodles and vegetables (no sauce) Broccoli casserole Cheese tortellini Chicken and dumplings (mixture) Eggplant parmesan Githeri (muthugo + beans) + meat Githeri (muthugo + beans) + meat + vegetable + potato/banana Githeri (muthugo + beans) + onion, boiled with fat Githeri (muthugo + beans) + potato/banana Githeri (muthugo + beans) + vegetable Githeri (muthugo + beans) + vegetable + meat Githeri + meat Githeri + meat + vegetable + potato/banana Githeri + onion, boiled with fat Githeri + peas Githeri + potato/banana Githeri + roots + vegetable Githeri + vegetable 18 Specific gravity BiblioID TB ASI ASI S&W FNDDS 4.1 TB ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI ASI Update Version 2.0 x x x x x x x x x x x Food name and description Githeri + vegetable + meat Githeri + vegetable + potato/banana Githeri plain (muthugo + beans + water) Githeri, beans + vegetable + potatoes Githeri, maize + peas Githeri, plain (maize + beans + water) Gitwero, banana + beans Gitwero, banana + beans + vegetable Gitwero, banana + potato + beans Gitwero, banana + vegetable Gitwero, banana, boiled with fat Gitwero, banana/potato Gitwero, banana/potato + meat Gitwero, banana/potato + vegetable Gitwero, root (yam, arrowroot, etc.) Gitwero, roots + banana Gitwero, roots + banana Green bean casserole Lasagna Macaroni and cheese, canned Mataha (Maize stew) (Maize stew), maize + peas Mataha (maize stew), beans + banana Mataha (maize stew), beans + banana + potato Mataha (maize stew), beans + banana + potato + vegetable Mataha (maize stew), beans + potato/banana + vegetable Mataha (maize stew), beans + vegetable Mataha (maize stew), beans + vegetable + banana Mataha (maize stew), maize + banana Mataha (maize stew), maize + banana/potato + vegetable Mataha (maize stew), maize + beans + potato Mataha (maize stew), maize + beans + potato + vegetable Mataha (maize stew), maize + beans + potato, boiled with fat Mataha (maize stew), maize + beans + vegetable + banana Mataha (maize stew), maize + vegetable Mataha (maize stew), paw paw Mexican casserole w/beef, beans, cheese, chips Mini ravioli, canned Moussaka Muthugo (maize without germ and cover) only Noodles/pasta with fat Rice + beans Rice + beans + potato/banana Rice + meat Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 0.84 0.95 0.98 0.93 0.97 0.71 1.20 1.20 1.04 1.20 1.19 1.30 1.08 1.22 1.14 1.03 1.03 0.95 1.04 1.00 0.86 1.22 1.25 1.15 BiblioID KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN S&W S&W S&W KEN KEN KEN KEN Update Version 2.0 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 1.14 KEN x 1.02 1 1.09 1.10 KEN KEN KEN KEN x x x x 0.75 0.95 KEN KEN x x 0.75 KEN x 0.70 KEN x 0.90 1.33 0.6 1.05 0.85 0.76 0.80 0.75 0.85 0.73 KEN KEN S&W S&W S&W KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN x x 19 Specific gravity x x x x x Food name and description Rice + meat + vegetable Rice + potato/banana Rice + roots (yam, arrowroot etc.) Rice + vegetable Rice + vegetable + potato/banana Rice, plain (rice + water) Spaghetti and meat balls, canned Stew, banana Stew, banana + potato + vegetable Stew, beans Stew, beans/ peas + meat + vegetables Stew, beans/ peas + vegetables Stew, meat Stew, pea + potato/banana Stew, pea + potato/banana + vegetable Stew, potato Stew, potato + beans + vegetable Stew, vegetable Stew, vegetable + meat Stew, vegetable + potato Stew, vegetable + potato + meat Stew: eggs + veg Tuna noodle casserole Ugali + beans Ugali + beans + vegetable Ugali + vegetable, crumbed Ugali + vegetables, boiled with fat Ugali, plain (flour + water), crumbed Wieners and sauerkraut (mixture) =HVW\,WDOLDQ¶¶KDPEXUJHUKHOSHU·· Density in g/ml (including mass and bulk density) 0.83 0.80 0.90 0.65 0.80 0.70 1.04 1.07 1.06 1.01 0.94 1.07 1.12 1.10 1.22 1.10 1.08 0.68 0.86 1.10 1.08 0.68 0.93 0.80 0.80 0.75 1.20 0.75 0.61 1.04 20 Specific gravity BiblioID KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN S&W KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN S&W KEN KEN KEN KEN KEN S&W S&W Update Version 2.0 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Bibliography BiblioID ASI CG CSG DK FNDDS 4.1 KEN RC S&W TB UK 6th USDA ASI bulk density and specific gravity database. Website: http://www.asiinstr.com/technical/Material_Bulk_Density_Chart_A.htm (accessed on 30 August 2012) Specific Gravity Chart for Popular Spirits. By Colleen Graham. http://cocktails.about.com/od/mixology/qt/spirit_gravity.htm (Accessed 15 Sept 2012) Computer Support Group of CSGNETWORK.COM. Specific Gravity And Viscosity Of Liquids http://www.csgnetwork.com/specific_gravity_viscosity_liquids.html (Accessed 15 Sept 2012) Danish food composition databank 4th edition 1996. Agricultural Research Service, Food Surveys Research Group. 2010. USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, 4.1. Web site: http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=12089 (Accessed 15 Sept 2012) Food Density Database for the Child Nutrition Project in Kenya. 2004. Developed by Constance Gewa, Monika Grillenberger, Suzanne Murphy, Nimrod Bwibo, and Charlotte Neumann with support from GL/CRSP, USAID grant # DAN-1328-G-00-0046-00 119-18. Measured at room temperature at 1,350 metres altitude. Unpublished data. own measurements of Ruth Charrondiere at room temperature (21 degree celcius) at 393 metres altitude (St. Romain de Popey, France) Stumbo, P.J. and Weiss, R. 2011. Using database values to determine food density. Journal of. Food Composition and Analysis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2011.04.008 (Accessed 15 Sept 2012) http://hypertextbook.com/physics/matter/density/ (Accessed 15 Sept 2012) )RRG6WDQGDUGV$JHQF\D0F&DQFHDQG:LGGRZVRQ·V7KH&RPSRVLWLRQRI)RRGV6L[WK summary edition. Cambridge, UK, Royal Society of Chemistry. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2011. Specific Gravity of Selected %HYHUDJHVIURP86'$·V1XWULHQW'DWDEDQN6\VWHP>8QSXEOLVKHG'DWD@ 21
