SAE INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL GROUND VEHICLE STANDARDS Advanced Technology Standards Activities Edward Straub, DM Director SAE Office of Automation Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE AGENDA • Overview • Standards Creation • Advanced Technology Standards • SAE Standards Roadmap • Getting involved SAE INTERNATIONAL Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE Overview - History Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 3 Overview - Our Portfolio PUBLICATIONS https://www.sae.org/ 100,000+ collection of technical publications 145,000+ members worldwide CONFERENCES FOUNDATION 30+ technical conferences worldwide SAE’s charitable arm supporting STEM TECHNICAL STANDARDS 35,000+ aerospace and ground vehicle standards MEMBERSHIP MEDIA Magazines, eNewsletters, Tech Briefs Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Extensive portfolio of courses, webinars 4 Role of standards today Consistent product quality Regulatory compliance foundation Compatibility and interoperability Why standardize ? Lowers trade barriers Lowers purchasing costs Decreases design time Increases new technology speed to market Promotes innovation and fosters competition Advances the collective technology of industry Consistent and clear expectations for product performance Global Ground Vehicle Standards Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. More efficient procurement https://www.sae.org/ 5 SAE Global Ground Vehicle Standards in a Nutshell 6 Ground Vehicle • 8,375 Standards Councils Published • 1,817 Standards 9,933 Maintained Committee • 491 WIP Standards Members Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 564 Technical Committees 2,900 Companies 6 Overview - Technical Standards Structure SAE Executive Standards Committee Motor Vehicle Council Truck & Bus Council ConAG Council Specialized Vehicles Council Materials Parts & Processes Council Steering Committees Steering Committees Steering Committees Steering Committees Steering Committees Steering Steering Committees Committees Technical Technical Committees Committees Technical Technical Committees Committees Technical Technical Committees Committees Technical Technical Committees Committees Technical Technical Committees Committees Technical Technical Technical Technical Technical Technical Committees Committees Committees Committees Committees Committees Fuels & Lubes Council Systems Management Council Aerospace Council Steering Committees Task Forces Task Forces Task Forces Task Forces Task Task Forces Task Forces Task Forces TaskForces Forces Task Forces Task Forces Task Task Task Forces Task Forces TaskForces Forces Task Forces Task Forces Forces Task Task Forces TaskForces Forces Task Task Forces Forces Task Task Forces Task Forces TaskForces Forces Task Task Forces Task Forces Task Forces TaskForces Forces Global Ground Vehicle Standards Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 7 Overview - Standards Development Process Open, Transparent and Consensus Based Timeline Input: Agency, industry and stakeholder needs Mutual Agreement on Subject Topic 18-36 months Open SAE Technical Committee Document Sponsor – Task force / working group Document Development & Balloting Process SAE J-document Industry Standard Recommended Practice Information Report Any interested party can identify or raise a topic for discussion in an open standards committee. Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 8 Overview - SAE Pre-Competitive Research SAE Industry Technologies Consortia (SAE ITC) • Automated Vehicle Safety Consortium SAE Cooperative Research Program (CRP) • Solutions by Industry for Industry • ~12 months Unique, pre-competitive R&D projects o Joint Ventures of industry companies o Agile development of targeted research SAE ADS Standards Roadmapping Initiative Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. CRP output 9 9 CRP Example: Wireless Power Transfer J2954 scope includes residential and parking garage, parking lot and side of road charging locations and Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) charging levels 1,2 & 3. Standardization to finish in 2018. A collaborative research collaborative for the development of SAE J2954 will establish minimum performance, interoperability and safety criteria for wireless charging of EVs / PHEVs and vehicle alignment. SAE ADS Standards Roadmapping Initiative Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. Companies participating: 10 10 ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS (ADAS) SAE INTERNATIONAL Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE SAE ADAS Vehicle Standards Activities Active Safety Systems Standards Committee Terms & Definitions Task Force Test Target Validation Correlation Task Force Bicycle Test Targets Task Force Vehicle Lane Deviation Warning Task Force Hardware in-theLoop Task Force Roadside Object Surrogate Task Force Sensor Calibration Task Force ADAS Feature Rating System Task Force Voting Members include reps from: Indiana Univ Purdue Univ Indianapolis Toyota Research Institute Transportation Research Center Inc Univ of California-Berkeley Link Engineering Company General Motors Nissan Motor Co Ltd Aptiv Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. Dynamic Research Inc Mercedes-Benz USA LLC Volkswagen Group of America Inc 12 ADAS Standards J3063™ Active Safety System Terms & Definitions J3088™ Active Safety System Sensors VEHICLE SYSTEM & PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS • Identify the functionality and performance you could expect from active safety sensors • Establish a basic understanding of how sensors work J3087™ Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) System Performance Testing J2399™ Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Operating Characteristics and User Interface J2802™ Blind Spot Monitoring System Operating Characteristics & User Interface J3116™ Active Safety Pedestrian Test Mannequin Recommendation J3157™ Active Safety Bicyclist Test Targets J3029™ Forward Collision Warning & Mitigation Vehicle Test Procedure – T&B Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 13 ADAS Standards ADAS Related Documents – Work In-Process J3122 WIP: Active Safety Test Target Correlation - Radar Characteristics J3063™ Active Safety System Terms & Definitions - Update Safety and Human Factors Standards Related to ADAS J3045™: Truck & Bus Lane Departure Warning Systems Test Procedure J3048™: Driver-Vehicle Interface Considerations for Lane Keeping Assistance Systems J2988™: Guidelines for Speech Input & Audible Output in Driver Vehicle Interface J2400™: Human Factors in Forward Collision Warning Systems Operating Characteristics & User Interface J2831™: Development of Design & Engineering Recommendations for In-Vehicle Alphanumeric Messages J2972™: Definition of Hands-Free Operation of a Person to Person Wireless Communication System or Device J2399™: Adaptive Cruise Control Operating Characteristics & User Interface J2808™: Road/Lane Departure Warning Systems: Information for the Human Interface J3077™: Definitions and Data Sources for the Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI) JTBD: Naming Methodology for Driver Assistance and Automation Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 14 CONNECTED SAE INTERNATIONAL Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE V2X Communications Standards Activities V2X Communications Steering Committee DSRC Technical Committee C-V2X Technical Committee Scope: DSRC Radio accessspecific items Scope: C-V2X Radio accessspecific items Advanced Applications Technical Committee Scope: Lower layerunknown applications that may require new comms technologies Security Technical Committee Scope: Over the air security CrossCutting Technical Committee Infrastructure Applications Technical Committee Traffic Signal Applications Technical Committee Vehicular Applications Technical Committee Tolling Applications Technical Committee Scope: Common to multiple applications or comms technologies Scope: Infrastructure applications that do not require traffic signal data Scope: Infrastructure applications that require traffic signal data or interface Scope: Vehicle comms needs Scope: Applications for tolling and financial transactions Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 16 V2X Communications Standards – Foundational Documents J2735 Message Set Dictionary • • • • • • • • Defines Standardized Message Sets Supports Interoperability Defines Formats Defines Basic Safety Message (BSM) Defines MapData (Map) Message Defines Signal Phase and Timing Messages Defines Personal Safety Messages for VRUs Defines Traveler Information Messages (TIM) J2945/0 SEP Guidance for J2945/X Documents • • • • • • • Provides System Engineering Guidance & Example Defines Communication Protocol Specifies Communication Performance Requirements Defines Message Transmission Rate Defines Channel usage Optional Data Usage Message Application Priorities Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 17 SAE V2X Communications Documents: J2945/3 Requirements for V2I Weather Applications • Collect weather-related data from vehicles & Infrastructure • Distribute weather-sensitive information for safety and mobility. For example: o Enhanced maintenance decision support o Weather advisory and warnings o Routing support for emergency responders o Weather-sensitive variable speed, ramp metering Global Ground Vehicle Standards Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. J2945/5 Service Specific Permissions and Security Guidance for Connected Vehicle Applications • Establishes a security systems engineering process • Describes which fields and activities should be subject to SSP constraints • Specifies syntax and semantics for the SSPs • Addresses the development of SSPs for scenarios Slide courtesy of Sue Bai 18 J2945/9 VRU (V2P) Safety Message Minimum Performance Requirements Defines the safety message minimum performance requirements from pedestrian device (e.g. smartphone) to vehicles Protects pedestrians (including people with disabilities/special needs), cyclists, public safety workers Global Ground Vehicle Standards Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. Slide courtesy of Sue Bai 19 SAE V2X Communication Documents: In Process J2945/6 Cooperative ACC Performance Requirements • • Defines requirements to enhance Adaptive Cruise Control with V2X communications Phase 2 to Include platooning Global Ground Vehicle Standards J2945/A Map/SPaT Message Recommended Practice • • Provides guidance on usage & applications Intended for developers & users Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. J2945/B Signal Preemption Recommended Practice • Provides guidance on usage and applications for signal request & preemption messages Slide courtesy of Sue Bai J2945/C Traffic Probe Use and Operation Recommended Practice • Provides guidance on automated vehicle probe data collection and distribution 20 SAE V2X Communication Documents: In Process J2945/4 Road Safety Applications (WIP) • Infrastructure Vehicle safety and mobility-related information • Some of the candidate applications: o Curve speed warning o Reduced speed warning o Lane & Road changes & closures Global Ground Vehicle Standards J2945/7 Positioning Enhancements for V2X Systems (WIP) • Addressing use cases that require high levels of position accuracy, reliability, and integrity • Supports integration of highprecision GNSS receivers and other positioning systems Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. J2945/8 Cooperative Perception Systems (WIP) • Describes methods for a V2X device to broadcast perception information of other road users/objects nearby • Defines use cases, performance & security requirements 21 SAE V2X Communication Documents: In Process J2945/D Road User to Road User Courteous Communications (WIP) • Provides guidance on the requirements of a V2X application to enable drivers (human or machine) to exchange courteous messages to resolve traffic related misunderstandings and conflicts Global Ground Vehicle Standards J3217 Profiles for V2X Based Fee Collection (WIP) • Provides Concept of Operations to enable V2X toll and other financial transactions. Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. J3224 V2X Sensor-Sharing for Cooperative & Automated Driving (WIP) • Provides requirements for a sensor-sharing message suitable for V2X-entities (RSUs, vehicles, VRUs) to describe detected road users, road obstacles and road impairments 22 DRIVING AUTOMATION SAE INTERNATIONAL Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE SAE Automated Vehicle Standards Activities On-Road Automated Driving (ORAD) Committee Taxonomy & Definitions Task Force Definitions Task Force ISO/SAE Joint Verification & Validation Task Force Reference Architecture Interfaces Task Force ADS-DV User Issues for Persons with Disabilities On Road Automated Driving Maneuver Task Force ADS Testing Task Force Guidelines for Tests of Prototype ADSs Task Force Infrastructure Needs Related to Automated Driving TF To find content and any SAE standard, search the number at: https://saemobilus.sae.org/ (e.g. “J3016”) Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 24 SAE Automated Driving Standards J3016™ Taxonomy & Definitions for Terms Related to On-Road Vehicle Automated Driving Systems J3216™ Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Cooperative Driving Automation for On-Road Vehicles J3114™ Human Factors Definitions for Automated Driving and Related Research Topics Driver Interface / Human Factors Safety Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. J3171™ Identifying Automated Driving Systems-Dedicated Vehicles (ADS-DVs) Passenger Issues for Persons with Disabilities J3018™ Guidelines for Safe On-Road Testing of SAE Level 3, 4, and 5 Prototype Automated Driving Systems (ADS) 25 ORAD Committee Standards – Work In Process Updated April 2021 Collab with ISO TC204 Safety Updated Dec 2020 Publishing in 2021 GUIDELINES & RECOMMENDED PRACTICES TEST & VERIFICATION METHODS Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. Published May 2020 26 Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA): Automation + Cooperation Automation Cooperation SAE J3216 (May 2020) https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/J3216_202005/ Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 27 Cooperative Driving Automation – J3216TM Class A: Status-sharing Perception information about the traffic environment and information about the sending entity provided by the sending entity for potential utilization by receiving entities. (“Here I am, and here is what I see.”) Class B: Intent-sharing Information about planned future actions of the sending entity provided by that entity for potential utilization by receiving entities. (“This is what I plan to do.”) Class C: Agreement-seeking A sequence of collaborative messages among specific CDA devices intended to influence local planning of specific DDT-related actions. (“Let’s do this together.”) Class D: Prescriptive The direction of specific action(s) to specific traffic participants for imminent performance of the DDT or performance of a particular task by a road operator (e.g., changing traffic signal phase), provided by a prescribing CDA device agent(s) and adhered to by a receiving CDA device agent(s). (“I will do as directed.”) Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 28 Additional Committee Activity for Developing Automation Standards Committee Overview Driving Automation Systems This Technical Committee is responsible for all safety & human factors issues concerning driving automation systems and how these new technologies will impact the driving experience. This includes any vehicle that involves human operation, either in-vehicle or remotely located, transitioning into or out of Level 1 driving automation and above, and/or based on any interaction of human road users with driving automation systems. J3114- Human Factors Definitions for Automated Driving and Related Research Topics (Dec 2016) ADS Logger Task Force J3197 Automated Driving System Data Logger (April 2020) J1698/x Event Data Recorder ADS Lamps Task Force Driving Skills Committee The Event Data Recorder Committee established this Task Force to detail ADS data elements and definitions that can be gathered in crash or near-crash events in ADS. These additional data elements may be those useful for accident reconstruction involving an ADS-equipped vehicle or allowing determination of whether further analysis into the ADS system performance or non-ADS system performance is needed. https://saemobilus.sae.org/content/J3197_202004/ Signaling and Marking Devices Standards Committee established this Task Force to develop test procedures, performance requirements, and design guidelines for autonomous vehicle lighting (J3134). Drafting J3300 AV Safety Operator endorsement for test drivers (safety operators) on proving grounds as a complement to the four skill levels defined in the foundational license. Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 29 SAFETY & HUMAN FACTORS SAE INTERNATIONAL Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE SAE Human Factors Standards Activities Safety and Human Factors Vehicle Sound for Pedestrians Committee Adaptive Cruise Control and Forward Collision Warning Committee Driver Metrics, Performance and States Committee Driver Vehicle Interface Committee Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Committee Driving Automation Committee Voting Members include reps from: Honda Motor Co Ltd Toyota Research Institute Daimler AG Denso Corp. FCA US LLC Mercedes-Benz General Motors Nissan Motor Co Ltd Valeo Dynamic Research Exponent Waymo Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. MIT Magna Aptiv Gentex Ford Motor Co. Volkswagen 31 SAE Human Factors Standards Activities Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 32 Safety and Human Factors Standards Related to Connected Vehicles J2395™: ITS In-Vehicle Message Priority J2831™: Development of Design & Engineering Recommendations for In-Vehicle Alphanumeric Messages Driver Interface / Human Factors Global Ground Vehicle Standards J2988™: Guidelines for Speech Input & Audible Output in Driver Vehicle Interface J2944™: Operational Definitions of Driving Performance Measures & Statistics Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 33 CYBER SECURITY SAE INTERNATIONAL Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE SAE Cyber Security Standards Activities Vehicle Cyber Security Systems Engineering Committee • J3061™: Cybersecurity Recommended Practice for Cyber-Physical Vehicle Systems Truck and Bus Controls and Communications Network Committee • J1139™: Serial Control and Communications – Heavy Duty Vehicle Network Vehicle Electrical Systems Security • • J2101 WIP: Requirements for Hardware Protected Security for Ground Vehicle Applications J1939™, J1979™, J3005™ & J2534™: OBD II for Telematics, Vehicle Health Management, Data Access, Vulnerabilities & Cyber Threat Analysis, OTA Updates Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. J3061 Cyber Security Guidebook 35 TRUCK & BUS AUTOMATION SAE INTERNATIONAL Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE Truck and Bus Automation Safety Committee Re-organized in fall 2020 J3150™: Taxonomy and Definitions for Automated Multi-Vehicle Truck and Bus Systems J3029™: Forward Collision Warning and Mitigation Vehicle Test Procedure Truck and Bus Five-year review Next meeting: 15:00 EDT | 24 June 2021 https://www.sae.org/servlets/works/committ eeHome.do?comtID=TETCAS Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 37 SAE STANDARDS ROADMAP SAE INTERNATIONAL Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE Roadmap organization and timeline view Each box is a standards need for ADS deployment. Click to view more information. Time SAE INTERNATIONAL SAE ADS Standards Roadmapping Initiative Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE 39 Roadmap Organization and Timeline View Standards Areas Subcategories (Safety has 7 subcategories) Each area is further divided into subcategories. Definitions for each area are provided at the top bar, e.g., Functional Safety is highlighted. Time SAE INTERNATIONAL SAE ADS Standards Roadmapping Initiative © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted withoutCopyright permission from SAE International. 40 40 Cooperative Driving Automation – Taxonomy and Definitions 4 2 1 3 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Standards Need Anatomy Description Panel (active) Relevant Existing Standards & Activities Panel Resources Panel (e.g., links) Standards Area Panel Tags Panel Relationships Panel SAE INTERNATIONAL SAE ADS Standards Roadmapping Initiative Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE 6 41 Crowdsourcing Expert Feedback and Identification of Gaps Example Feedback: • “VRU behavior assumptions is a critical near-term gap” • “SMS implementation guidance needed” SAE INTERNATIONAL SAE ADS Standards Roadmapping Initiative © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted withoutCopyright permission from SAE International. 42 42 COLLABORATION SAE INTERNATIONAL Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE Global SDO collaboration Global Ground Vehicle Standards Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 44 THANK YOU Contact: Edward Straub, DM Director, SAE Office of Automation [email protected] John Tintinalli Director, SAE Europe [email protected] Copyright © SAE International. Further use or distribution is not permitted without permission from SAE International. 45