MINISTRY OF PUBLIC SECURITY REPUBLIC OF PANAMA OFFICERS SCHOOL DR. JUSTO AROSEMENA TEACHER AMELIA GRENALD FIRST YEAR CADET RODOLFO PEREZ 3078 HOLIDAYS International Women's Day International Women's Day, formerly called International Day of Working Women,12 commemorates every March 8 the struggle of women for their participation in society and their integral development as a person, on an equal footing with the man. The number "8-M" is also used to refer to this commemoration for the day and month in which it happens.3 At the II International Conference of Socialist Women held in Copenhagen in 1910, Clara Zetkin proposed and approved the celebration of "Working Women's Day", which began to be celebrated the following year:1 the first commemoration was held on March 1911 in Germany, Austria, Denmark and Switzerland. Since then it has spread to many countries. In 1972, the General Assembly of the United Nations, in its resolution 3010, declared 1975 "International Women's Year",2 and in 19774 invited States to declare, in accordance with their historical traditions and national customs, a day as International Day for Women's Rights and International Peace.5 This date is used to visualize gender inequality and to vindicate the fight for effective equality of rights for women in various fields. It is usually celebrated in almost all parts of the world (an example of this is Italy and its "Festa della Donna"),6 and it is a holiday in some countries.5 Some feminist currents argue that it is not a day that should be celebrated or be holiday due to its origin, but should serve to claim rights. International Earth Day Earth Day, officially International Mother Earth Day,1 is a day celebrated in many countries on April 22 of each year. Its promoter, US Senator Gaylord Nelson, proclaimed this day to create a common awareness of the problems of overpopulation, pollution, biodiversity conservation, global warming and other environmental concerns to protect the Earth. It is a day to pay tribute and recognize the Earth as our home, just as different cultures have expressed it throughout history, demonstrating the interdependence between its many ecosystems and the living beings that inhabit it. Mother Earth is clearly asking us to act. The oceans fill with plastics and become more acidic. Extreme heat, wildfires, floods, and other weather events have affected millions of people. Even today we are facing COVID -19, a global health pandemic with a strong relationship with the health of our ecosystem. Climate change, human-induced changes in nature, as well as crimes that disturb biodiversity, such as deforestation, land-use change, intensive agricultural and livestock production, or the growing illegal trade in wildlife, may accelerate the rate of destruction of the planet. This Mother Earth Day is the second to be celebrated within the UN Decade for Ecosystem Restoration. Ecosystems support all forms of life on Earth. The health of our planet and its inhabitants directly depends on the health of our ecosystems. Restoring those that are damaged will help end poverty, combat climate change, and prevent mass extinction. But we will only succeed if everyone does their part. international Water Day March 22 World Water Day is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to unite for water and together accelerate progress in this area. Problems along the water cycle are undermining progress in major planetary conflicts: from health to hunger, from gender equality to jobs, education, industry, natural disasters and the lack of peace In 2015, the world committed to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 as part of the 2030 Agenda: the promise that everyone would have safely managed water and sanitation by 2030. Today, we are very far from achieving it. Billions of people and countless schools, businesses, health centers, farms and factories are restricted because their human rights to water and sanitation have not yet been fulfilled. There is an urgent need to accelerate change, to move beyond business as usual. The latest data shows that governments need to work an average of four times faster to meet SDG 6 on time, but this is not a situation that can be solved by just one actor or group. Water affects everyone, so it takes all of us to take action. Language day Don Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra is the most recognized Spanish writer in the world and author of the first modern novel in the Spanish language, “El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha”. Engraving of 1877 by G. Gómez Terraza y Aliena Every April 23 is celebrated, since 2010 (originally, it was planned to be celebrated every October 12),1the Spanish Language Day, as approved by the Department of Public Information of the United Nations, as well as to raise awareness among civil servants , of the history, culture, development and use of Spanish as the official language of the organization. Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra was buried on April 23, 1616. He is the most recognized Spanish writer, author of Don Quixote de la Mancha, the first modern novel in the Spanish and universal language. Initially, the United Nations Department of Public Information, in document OBV/853-PI-192623 of February 19, 2010, approved the decision to celebrate Spanish Language Day on October 12 in the United Nations. Later, the date was changed4 in honor of the writer Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, a great contributor to the growth of the language who, although he died on April 22 (1616), was buried the following day.567 That same day Gustavo Zapata died according to the Julian calendar (equivalent to May 3 in the Gregorian calendar). On April 23 of that same year, another renowned writer died: the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. In some countries, Book Day is commemorated at the same time.8 On this date, Teresa de la Parra, a great Venezuelan writer, also died. Labor Day Every May 1 most of the countries in the world commemorate the struggles of workers and this is no exception. Therefore, today we want to tell you some curious facts about Labor Day. International Labor Day is celebrated on May 1 in almost the entire world, in commemoration of the struggles of the labor and labor movement, a movement demanding different causes related to work. The origin of this date dates from the year 1886, in the United States; country in which the working masses began a process of struggle to reduce the working day to 8 hours. The only limit that existed was not to make a person work more than 18 hours without just cause and the consequence was a fine of 25 dollars. On that day, heavy clashes broke out between the police and the workers. Subsequently, at the end of May 1886, various employer sectors agreed to grant the 8-hour day to several hundred thousand workers. Over the years, in the fight for their labor claims, workers have achieved contractual rights and benefits that have been recognized by labor legislation, contemplated in contracts and collective labor agreements such as: vacations, minimum wage, payment of bonuses, among others. black ethnic day The celebration of the month of the black ethnic group is a commemorative event to honor all those who for many years were subjected to psychological and physical abuse. Human beings who were cruelly deprived of their liberty and sentenced to do forced labor due to the cruelty of their peers, whose only difference was the color of their skin. People victims of the highest cruelties just for being born black, which at that time was a cardinal sin. People enslaved to the point of disrespect for freedom and human life, deprived of all rights, where women and men suffered all kinds of abuse. The payment for his work was only chains, whippings, rapes and even death. This ethnic group found a bit of freedom in their music and dances that expressed their discontent together with the desire for freedom that stopped being a dream to become a reality. Thanks to their struggles they achieved a special space in humanity and in the reason of those who believe in equality, tolerance, love and peace. Despite all this, many of them in many parts of the world are still subject to humiliation before the hearts of those who handle pure genetic theories in relation to other ethnic groups, facts that according to scientific studies support that there is no totally pure race. The human being needs to reinvent his own history and be reborn with a new thought, because we are all equal before our creator. But our selfishness does not let us see beyond our customs, beliefs, wrong principles, we need to heal the soul and recognize that we are all simply the same. Therefore, Happy Day to all the black ethnic group in the country and to all those who in one way or another identify with them. Legal Foundation of the Day of the Black Ethnicity Official Gazette, Wednesday, May 31, 2000 No. 24,064, LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY LAW No. 9 (May 30, 2000), THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY DECREE Article 1. May 30 of each year is declared Civic Day and Commemoration of the National Black Ethnic Group, which will be celebrated throughout the territory of the Republic with the purpose of highlighting its values and contributions to the culture and development of the country. . Article 2. The Ministry of Education, the National Institute of Culture and the Panamanian Institute of Tourism, will guarantee compliance with the previous provision and will organize events related to the date. Article 3. Official and private educational centers, as well as public, autonomous, semi-autonomous and municipal institutions, will develop during those days cultural activities aimed at highlighting the scientific, cultural, economic and labor contribution of the black ethnic group in Panama. Environment World Environment Day is celebrated on June 5, with the aim of raising awareness among the world population about the importance of caring for our ecosystems and promoting respect for the environment. Origin of World Environment Day World Environment Day was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972, coinciding with the start of the Stockholm Conference, whose main theme was precisely the environment. Within the framework of the celebration of World Environment Day, efforts should be focused on motivating people and communities, so that they become active agents of sustainable development and environmental protection. That is why people are invited to improve their consumption habits. Companies to develop more ecological models. Governments to protect wild areas. Teachers to educate in natural values. Young people to raise their voices for the future of the planet. Protecting the environment requires everyone's support. A central theme related to the environment is chosen annually to commemorate this World Day. For the year 2022 the central theme is "One Earth". With this, it is intended to make visible the emergency that our planet is facing in terms of climate, evidencing the accelerated global warming and the limited adaptability of people and nature. On the other hand, the loss of habitat has impacted more than a million species, which are in danger of extinction. Together with this, environmental pollution has a negative and radical impact on the air, land and water. This campaign is aimed at raising awareness about such problems, promoting the protection and restoration of our planet through the execution of various actions, which implies the transformation of global societies and economies towards inclusion, justice and respect for nature. Chocolate day Our country produces around 28,000 tons of cocoa a year, so within the framework of International Chocolate Day, which has been celebrated every September 13 since 1995, it is essential to celebrate and recognize its value. Cocoa is a tropical plant discovered by the Olmecs, who were the first to cultivate it and prepare it in a drink called xocolatl, which was consumed during ceremonies; It was also considered the food of the gods and the gold of the Aztecs. Chocolate is obtained from the mixture of sugar, paste and cocoa butter. The process begins by opening and letting the cacao fruits ferment between two and eight days to later separate the seeds that will dry in the sun for two or three more days. The seeds are roasted, split and passed through rollers that transform them into a thick liquid; It is at this point that the type of chocolate is defined, which can be made with milk, natural, with sugar or nuts. For chef Iván Millán, chocolate is a gift that Mexico gave to the world; It is a key ingredient in gastronomy, so it is essential to know its history and the preparation techniques, both for savory dishes and for drinks and desserts. Pastry is the art and science that brings together all the techniques for the preparation of a sweet cuisine, hence the existence of chocolatiers, confectioners, bakers and pastry chefs. Iván Millán confesses that he is in love with his profession, “I love being full of chocolate, dough, sugar. I am very precise and exact”. .