DLTBOODßL CD@DJFLS @GIJ-KBSSF OFUUGOBUÎF F? NGSGU 6.= I. T 5.1 I IBSUF_ CD_SDLSDZF_ CB NGSGU FCC-FCO yboodÿ oodÿl; l; rbpf rbpfrfr rfr _dstbnf cb dl yb Redofodÿl cb igs ognpglbltbs 6. Oglbotgr cb 3 pgig s g ◊ Qfrf if sglcf ifnecf -@?4 5. _blsgr cb tbnpbrfturf pfrf nûitd pib cb fcndsdÿ l --@0 @05 5 ?. Oubrpg cb nfrdpgsf 3. Qgtblodÿn btrg cb cbii oubrpg cb nfrdpgs f -@:4 -@:4 2. Rldcfc cb oglt rgi C Cd`dj d`dj flt -K6: -K6:4 4 :. Zæivuif bstfedidzfcgrf cb rfibltî -L06 -L06 ◊ Zbrdjdofr ><pæ`dlf 53-51 g 0. Srflsjgrnfcg r cb bloblcdcg (L625) ◊ Zbrdjdofr g ><pæ`dlf 5=62 =. _blsgr cb vbigodc fc cbi vbmîouig -@55 g ◊ Zbrdjdofr ogl ibotgr cb fvbrîfs Z.F.@; 6226 4. Ufogr Ufogr cb bnpfinb cb nbcdodÿl (sÿig n gcbigs 45 < 42) g ◊ Qfrf if nbcdodÿl cb if prbsdÿl cb ogneustdeib 61. Oglbotgr obltrfi pfrf frlbsbs cb ngtgr 66 66.. Cdstrdeudcgr cb bloblcdcg ◊ Ogl sblsgr g Mfii -@31 g ◊ Cbsngltfr y ngltfr ><pæ`dlf 5== 65. _blsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb - @:5 g ◊ Zbrdjdofr ><pæ`dlf 535= 6?. Oglbxdÿl f nfsfs bl bi eigqub cb ngtgr 63. Ub`uifcgr cb if prbsdÿl cb ogneustdeib ◊ Zbrdjdofr g ><pæ`dlf 53-?? 62. Cbpÿsdtg cb ofreÿl fotdvfcg ◊ Cbefkg g cbi jditrg cb fdrb >< @r. Ubp 51, _dstbnf cb ogltrgi cb bndsdglbs 6:. Jditr g cb fdrb 60. Zæivuif bibotrgnf`lätdof pfrf bi bi c bpÿsdtg cb ofreÿl fotdvg L=1 >< @r. Ubp. 51, _dstbnf cb cbpÿsdtg cb ofreÿl fotdvg Sfeif eif cb fvbrîfs; fvbrîfs; Oÿc d`g cb fvbrîfs Sf Sfeif cb fvbrîfs; fvbrîfs; Oÿcd `g c b fvbrîfs fvbrîfs Dlcdofodglbs; ◊ Igs oÿcd`gs cb fvbrîfs bstæl grcblfcgs ogljgrnb f _FB y/g fi oÿcd`g Z.F.@. ◊ Cbspuäs cb mfebr ogrrb`dcg if fvbrîf mfy qub egrrfr if fvbrîf finfoblfcf 16-=.. ><Qæ`dlf 16-= Oÿcd`g cb fvbrîf _FB Z.F.@ Cbsord Cbsord podÿ l cb fvbrîf 566? 11262 Srflsndsgr Mfii -@31 5565 1126= Qgtblodÿnbtrg nfrdpgsf -@:4 5555 11264 Srflsn. prbsdÿl prbsdÿl ogi. fcndsdÿl @06 5?65 11255 Srflsndsgrr tbnp. rbjrd`brfltb Srflsndsg @:5 5?35 11252 _glcf ifnecf -@?4 55?3 _FB 112?5 Z.F.@ Sblsdÿl cb fidnbltfodÿl 55?6 112?? Ub`uifodÿl cb rfibltî 5?36 112?0 Ub`uifodÿl ifnecf 553? 11234 _böfi cb oglsung _FB Z.F.@ 536? 112:6 - 161=: 3?3? 16530 Fcfptfodÿl cb if nbzoif Srflsndsgr pfrf vbigoînbtrg @55 Bibotrgvæivuif 6 pfrf sdstbnf cb cbpÿsdtg cb ofreÿl fotdvg L=1 Bidndl fodÿl cb if fvbrîf fvbrîf - Zbrdjdofr @31 Zbrdjdofr bi frläs cb @31 - Zbrdjdofr @:4 Zbrdjdofr bi frläs cb @:4 - Zbrdjdofr @06 Zbrdjdofr mbrnbtdodcfc cbi sdstbnf cb fspdrfodÿl - Zbrdjdofr @:5 Zbrdjdofr frläs cb @:5 - Zbrdjdofr @?4 Zbrdjdofr frläs cb @?4 - Iiblfr tflqub y egrrfr if fvbrîf - Zbrdjdofr sdstbnf cb ofr`f - Zbrdjdofr væivuif cb bstfedidzfodÿl cb rfibltî L06 Zbrdjdofr sdstbnf cb fspdrfodÿl - Zbrdjdofr sdstbnf cb rb`uifodÿl ifnecf Zbrdjdofr sdstbnf cb bsofpb - Zbrdjdofr sdstbnf cb bloblcdcg Zbrdjdofr sdstbnf cb fspdrfodÿl - Zbrdjdofr dlybotgrbs L?1, L?6, L?5, L?? Zbrdjdofr bibotrgvæivuif 6 pfrf sdstbnf cb cbpÿsdtg cb ofreÿl fotdvg L=1 - Zbrdjdofr ofeib cb pgsdodÿl 51 cb if Rldcfc cb nflcg Cd`djflt K6:4 fi tfeibrg cb dlstrunbltgs d lstrunbltgs - Zbrdjdofr rb`uifcgr cb prbsdÿl cb ogneustdeib Zbrdjdofr sdstbnf cb bloblcdcg - Zbrdjdofr dlybotgrbs L?1, L?6, L?5, L?? Zbrdjdofr sdstbnf cb bsofpb - Zbrdjdofr bibotrgvæivuif 6 pfrf sdstbnf cb cbpÿsdtg cb ofreÿl fotdvg L=1 - Zbrdjdofr sbls sblsgr gr pfrf vbigoînbtrg @55 - Zbrdjdofr frläs cb L=1 _ustdtudr L=1 33?6 16520 Zæivuif cb bstfedidzfodÿl cb rfibltî -L06 33?? 16524 Ubiä egnef cb ogneustdeib K60 6666 :22?2 Rldcfc cb ogltrgi -K6:4 cbjbotugsf - Zbrdjdofr frläs cb L06 _ustdtudr L06 - _ustdtudr K60 Zbrdjdofr frläs cb K60 >< Bsqubnf cb odroudtgs cb ogrrdbltb - _ustdtudr K6:4 Eig Eigqubs vf Fl æidqubs sd s c bcb i gsvfigr igs eiigr g qbs ubscb cb nbcdodÿl vfi gr bs c b nbcd n bcd od ÿ l Zbmîo Zbm îoui uig g s 45 < 42 @rupg c b dlc dofodÿl 11 (vf (vfigr igr bs cbodnfibs) ▫ Ngtgr julodglf j ulodglflcg lcg bl rfibltî Ibbr eigqu b cb vfigrbs cb nbcdodÿl 1 Xitrdj ^ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify x x x x x x x x x x 6 5 ? 3 2 : 0 = 4 61 Xitrdj ^ Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr Sdbnpg cb dlyboodÿl Qgtblodÿnbtrg cb nfrdpgsf Bstftus sglcf ifnecf Sdbnpg nubrtg Ifnecf Ofr`f Sbnpbrfturf cb ngtgr Zgitfkb cb eftbrîf Sbnpbrfturf cbi fdrb cb fcndsdÿl Zfigr tbÿrdog 56?...512 ?...: 66...61? 1...65: 1 611...522 31...=1 65...3 65=...6:1 =1...: Lgtf; Igs vfigrbs sgl væidcgs f 5511 n. sgerb bi ldvbi cbi nfr. 6 @rupg cb dlcdofodÿl 16 Cdspify xxx/ndl Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? xxx±O Sb Sbnp np brfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb xx.xx Z 3 xxxxxxxx Eflcbrf oglcdodglbs cb fjdlfodÿl Dlcdofodÿl Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr Ufl`g cb trfefkg 0:1...=31/ndl =1...61= ±O 1.11...6.11 Z --- Zfigr dcbfi =11 ¶31/ndl nîl. =1±O gsodifltb Zbr sd`ldjdofcg 6 >< Qæ`dlf 16-35 x.xx ns Sdbnpg cb dlyboodÿl xx.xx Z Zgitfkb cb if eftbrîf xxx ±O Sbnpbrfturf cbi fdrb cb fcndsdÿl 5.1...?.1 65.11...62.11 Z 51...611±O 5.2 nsb` 63.11 Z :1±O @rupg cb dlcdofodÿl 15 Cdspify xxx/ndl Ubvgiuodglbs cb Dlcdofodÿl ngtgr Ufl`g cb 0:1...=31/ndl trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi =11 ¶31/ndl Zgitfkb cb if sglcf ifnecf Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 6 @rupg cb dlcdofodÿl 1? 5 ? 3 Cdspify Dlcdofodÿl xxx/ndl xx Ogrrdbltb cb vfiv. bstfe. cb rfibltî Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr Ufl`g cb 0:1...=31/ndl trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi =11 ¶31/ndl ¶31/ndl @rupg cb dlcdofodÿl 13 x 9± Qgtblodÿnbtrg cb if nfrdpgsf xx % Ogrrdbltb cb vfiv. bstfe. cb rfibltî 64...?6 --- 61...56 52 1 6: Cdspify Dlcdofodÿl xxx/ndl cb Ubvgiuodglbs ngtgr xx % Ofr`f xxx Zbigodcfc xxxxxxxx Eflcbrf 5 Ufl`g cb trfefkg 0:1...=31/ndl 64...?6 --- --- Zfigr dcbfi =11 ¶31/ndl ¶31/ndl 52 % 522 Zbr sd`ldjdofcg 5 >< Qæ`dlf 16-35 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 12 Cdspify xxx/ndl Ubvgiuodglbs cb Dlcdofodÿl ngtgr Ufl`g cb trfefkg 0:1...=31/ndl Zfigr dcbfi =11¶31 =11¶31/ndl /ndl @rupg cb dlc dofodÿl 1: Cdspify xxx Dlcdofodÿl Ufl`g cb trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi Oglsung xxx Qrbsdÿl fnedbltfi --1% ----- 603...6=5 60= xx xxx x xx Ogrrdbltb nîldnf væivuif bstfedidzfcgrf cb rfibltî xx 611...6=1 611...6=1 ?...?3 66...61? 65= 65= 53 32 Eflc brf 2 Zfigr dcbfi @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 1= Cdspify xxx/ndl Ufl`g cb trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi xx Fprblcdzfkb fpidofcg @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 10 Cdspify xxxxxxxx Dlcdofodÿl xx % Ogrrdbltb FHJ -L=1 3 Fprblcdzfkb cdlændog 6 Dlcdofodÿl Ofnpgs Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Eflc brf : Eflcbrf = Qgt. nfromf bl rfibltî 3 xxxxxxxx Eflcbrf cb sblsgrbs Zbr sd`ldjdofcg ? >< Qæ`dlf 16-3? xx xx Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr Blrdqubodndbltg oidnf Blrdqubodndbltg fobibrfodÿl ibltf 0:1...=31/ndl --- --- 6:...=1 =11¶ =11¶31/ndl 31/ndl 1 1 31 6 Ofnpgs Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? xx Ogrrdbltb tgtfi væiv. bstfe. cb rfibltî 3 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 14 Cdspify xxxxxxxx Dlcdofodÿl Eflcbrf cb frrflqub Ufl`g cb trfefkg --- xx Blrdqubodndbltg cbspuäs cb frrrflqub xx Blrdqubodndbltg frrflqub bl ofidbltb --- --- ----- 1 1 1 xx x.xx ns Sdbnpg cb dlyboodÿl xx Zbigodcfc (nfromf) 31...=1 5.11 ...?.11 nsb` --- 2= 5.21 nsb` --- Zbr sd`ldjdofcg 3 Zfigr dcbfi >< Qæ`dlf 1633 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 61 Cdspify xxx/ndl Ubvgiuodglbs Dlcdofodÿl cb ngtgr Ufl`g cb 0:1...=31/ndl trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi =11¶31 =11¶31/ndl /ndl 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 66 Cdspify xxx ±O Dlcdofodÿl Sbnpbrftur Sbnpbrftur f cb fdrb Ufl`g cb 51...611 ±O trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi :1 ±O @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 65 Cdspify xxx ±O Sbnpbrfturf cb Dlcdofodÿl ngtgr Ufl`g cb =1...61= ±O trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi 45 ±O Ofr`f Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? xx Blrdqubodndbltg nfromf bl jrîg 3 xxx±O xxx/ndl x.xx ns Sb Sbnpbrftur npbrftur f cb ngtgr Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr =1...61= ±O 0:1...=31/ndl 45 ±O =11¶ =11¶31/ndl 31/ndl Sdbnpg cb dlyboodÿl 5.11 ...?.11 nsb` 5.21 nsb` xxx/ndl Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr xx Ofr`f 0:1...=31/ndl 31...=1 =11¶3 =11¶31/ndl 1/ndl 2= x.xx ns Sdbnpg cb Dlyboodÿl 5.11 ...?.11 nsb` 5.21 nsb` Ofnpgs Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 6? Cdspify xx Dlcdofodÿl Ogrrdbltb væivuif bstfedidzfcgrf cb rfibltî Ufl`g cb 6:...=1 trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi 31 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 63 Cdspify xxx 5 ? 3 xx Fprbl Fp rbl cd zfkb væivuif bstfedidzfcgrf cb rfibltî xx.xx Z xxx/ndl Zgitfkb cb eftbrîf Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr ?...?3 53 xxx Dlcdofodÿl Dltb`rfcgr ME Dltb`rfcgr IE Ufl`g cb trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi --522 ÿ 1 --gsodiflcg 65.11...62.11 Z 63.11 Z x.xx Z _böfi cb sglcf ifnecf 1.11...6.11 Z gsodiflcg 0:1...=31/ndl =11¶31/ndl =11¶31/ndl x.xx nsb` Sdbnpg cb Dlyboodÿl 5.11 ...?.11 nsb` 5.21 nsb` 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 62 Cdspify xx Dlcdofodÿl Of Ofr`f r`f Ufl`g cb trfefkg 31...=1 Zfigr dcbfi 2= @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 6: Cdspify xxxxxxxx Dlcdofodÿl Eflc brf 6 Zfigr dcbfi Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? xxx Qgt. nfrdpgs f 66...61? 32 xxx Qgt. bl rfibltî 66...61? 32 3 xxx/ndl Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr 0:1...=31/ndl =11¶31/ndl =11¶31/ndl xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Eflcbr f 5 Eflcbrf ? Eflcbrf 3 Zbr sd`ldjdofcg 2 >< Qæ`dlf 16-33 Eigqubs Eig qubs cb vfigr vfigr bs cb nbcdodÿl Fl æid sd s c b igs i gs ei g q ubs cb vfi gr bs c b nbcd n bcd od ÿ l Zbmîo Zbm îoui uig g s 4: < 44 @rupg c b dlc dofodÿl 11 (vf (vfigr igr bs cbodnfibs) ▫ Ngtgr julodglf j ulodglflcg lcg bl rfibltî Ibbr eigqu b cb vfigrbs cb nbcdodÿl 1 Xitrdj ^ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify x x x x x x x x x x 6 5 ? 3 2 : 0 = 4 61 Xitrdj ^ Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl Zfigr tbÿrdog Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr Sdbnpg cb dlyboodÿl Qgtblodÿnbtrg cb nfrdpgsf Bstftus sglcf ifnecf Sdbnpg nubrtg Ifnecf Ofr`f Sbnpbrfturf cb ngtgr Zgitfkb cb eftbrîf Sbnpbrfturf cbi fdrb cb fcndsdÿl 56?...512 ?...: 66...61? 1...65: 1 611...522 31...=1 65...3 65=...6:1 =1...: Lgtf; Igs vfigrbs sgl væidcgs f 5511 n. sgerb bi ldvbi cbi nfr. 6 @rupg cb dlcdofodÿl 16 Cdspify xxx/ndl Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? xxx±O Sb Sbnp np brfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb xx.xx Z 3 xxxxxxxx Eflcbrf oglcdodglbs cb fjdlfodÿl Dlcdofodÿl Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr Ufl`g cb trfefkg 0:1...=31/ndl =1...61=±O 1.11...6.11 Z --- Zfigr dcbfi =11 ¶31/ndl nîl. =1±O gsodifltb Zbr sd`ldjdofcg 6 >< Qæ`dlf 16-35 x.xx nsb` Sdbnpg cb dlyboodÿl xx.xx Z Zgitfkb cb if eftbrîf xxx ±O Sbnpbrfturf cbi fdrb cb fcndsdÿl @rupg cb dlcdofodÿl 15 Cdspify xxx/ndl Ubvgiuodglbs cb Dlcdofodÿl ngtgr Zgitfkb cb if sglcf ifnecf Ufl`g cb trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi 0:1...=31/ndl 5.11...?.11 65.11...62.11 Z 51...611±O =11 ¶31/ndl 5.21 nsb` 63.11 Z :1±O 6 @rupg cb dlcdofodÿl 1? Cdspify xxx/ndl Dlcdofodÿl Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr Ufl`g cb 0:1...=31/ndl trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi =11 ¶31/ndl ¶31/ndl @rupg cb dlcdofodÿl 13 Cdspify xxx/ndl Ubvgiuodglbs cb Dlcdofodÿl ngtgr Ufl`g cb 0:1...=31/ndl trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi =11 ¶31/ndl ¶31/ndl 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 12 Cdspify xxx/ndl Ubvgiuodglbs cb Dlcdofodÿl ngtgr Ufl`g cb 0:1...=31/ndl trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi =11¶3 =11¶31/ndl 1/ndl @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 1: Cdspify xx Dlcdofodÿl Ufl`g cb trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi xx Ogrrdblt b cb væivuif bstfedidzfcgrf cb rfibltî ? 3 x.xx nsb` x Sdbnpg cb dlyboodÿl Ogrrdbltb cb cfsm 31 5.11...?.11 nsb` 5.21 nsb` xx % xxx xxxxxxxx Ofr`f Zbigodcfc Eflcbrf 5 64...?6 --- --- 522 Zbr sd`ldjdofcg 5 >< Qæ`dlf 16-35 64...:1 52 % Ofnpgs Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? xx % Ogrrdbltb FHJ -L=1 xx Oglsung --1 3 xxx Qrbsdÿl fnedbltfi --- --- 603...6=5 1% --- 60= xxx xx Fprblcdzfkb xx Ogrrdbltb cb væivuif Qgt. nfromf bl fpidofcg bstfedidzfcgrf rfibltî cb rfibltî 31...=1 611...6=1 64...:1 66...61? 2= 65= 31 32 Ofr`f fotufi 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 10 Cdspify xxxxxxxx Dlcdofodÿl Ofnpgs Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 Eflc brf 2 Zfigr dcbfi @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 1= Cdspify xxx/ndl Dlcdofodÿl Ubvgiuodglbs Ofnpgs Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Eflc brf : Eflcbrf = 3 xxxxxxxx Eflcbrf cb sblsgrbs Zbr sd`ldjdofcg ? >< Qæ`dlf 16-3? xx Blrdqubodndbltg xx Blrdqubodndbltg xx Ogrrdbltb tgtfi Ufl`g cb trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi cb ngtgr oidnf ibltg væiv. bstfe. cb rfibltî 0:1...=31/ndl --- --- 6:...=1 =11¶ =11¶31/ndl 31/ndl 1 1 31 Ofnpgs Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 14 Cdspify xxxxxxxx Dlcdofodÿl Eflcbrf cb frrflqub Ufl`g cb trfefkg --- xx Blrdqubodndbltg cbspuäs cb frrrflqub xx Blrdqubodndbltg frrflqub bl ofidbltb --- --- ----- 1 1 1 xx x.xx nsb` Sdbnpg cb dlyboodÿl xx Zbigodcfc (nfromf) Zbr sd`ldjdofcg 3 Zfigr dcbfi >< Qæ`dlf 1633 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 61 Cdspify xxx/ndl Ubvgiuodglbs Dlcdofodÿl cb ngtgr Ufl`g cb trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi Ufl`g cb trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi Ofr`f xx Blrdqubodndbltg nfromf bl jrîg 0:1...=31/ndl 31...=1 5.11 ...?.11 nsb` --- =11¶31 =11¶31/ndl /ndl 2= 5.21 nsb` --- 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 66 Cdspify xxx ±O Sbnpbrftur Sbnpbrftur f cb Dlcdofodÿl fdrb Ufl`g cb 51...611 ±O trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi :1 ±O @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 65 Cdspify Dlcdofodÿl 3 Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? xxx±O Sb Sbnpbrftur npbrftur f cb ngtgr xxx/ndl Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr =1...61= ±O 0:1...=31/ndl 45 ±O =11¶ =11¶31/ndl 31/ndl xxx ±O Sbnpbrfturf cb ngtgr xxx/ndl Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr xx Ofr`f =1...61= ±O 0:1...=31/ndl 31...=1 45 ±O =11¶3 =11¶31/ndl 1/ndl 2= 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 6? Cdspify xx Fprbl Fp rbl cd zfkb væivuif Dlcdofodÿl bstfedidzfcgrf cb rfibltî, FE_ Ufl`g cb ?...?: trfefkg Ofnpgs Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? xx Fprbl Fp rbl cd zfkb væivuif bstfedidzfcgrf cb rfibltî =...?: 3 x.xx ns Sdbnpg cb dlyboodÿl 5.11 ...?.11 nsb` 5.21 nsb` x.xx ns Sdbnpg cb Dlyboodÿl 5.11 ...?.11 nsb` 5.21 nsb` 3 xx.xx Z xxx/ndl Zgitfkb cb eftbrîf Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr 65.11...62.11 Z 0:1...=31/ndl Zfigr dcbfi 53 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 63 Cdspify xxx Dlcdofodÿl Ufl`g cb trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi 53 63.11 Z =11¶31/ndl =11¶31/ndl xxx x.xx Z _böfi cb sglcf ifnecf x.xx ns Sdbnpg cb Dlyboodÿl 5.11 ...?.11 nsb` 5.21 nsb` Dltb`rfcgr ME Dltb`rfcgr IE --- --- 1.11...6.11 Z 522 ÿ 1 gsodiflcg gsodiflcg 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 62 Cdspify xx Dlcdofodÿl Of Ofr`f r`f Ufl`g cb trfefkg 31...=1 Zfigr dcbfi 2= @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 6: Cdspify xxxxxxxx Dlcdofodÿl Eflc brf 6 Zfigr dcbfi Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? xxx Qgt. nfrdpgs f 66...61? 32 xxx Qgt. bl rfibltî 66...61? 32 3 xxx/ndl Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr 0:1...=31/ndl =11¶31/ndl =11¶31/ndl xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Eflcbr f 5 Eflcbrf ? Eflcbrf 3 Zbr sd`ldjdofcg 2 >< Qæ`dlf 16-33 Eig qubs cb vfigr Eigqubs vfigr bs cb nbcdodÿl _d`ldjdofcg cb ifs odjrfs cbi eigqub lu närdog cb = cî`dtgs cî`dtgs ; _d`ldjdofcg 6 Eflcbrf oglcdodglbs cb fjdlfodÿl 6 5 ? 3 2 : 0 = Julodÿl cb cdf`lÿs cdf`lÿstdog tdog 6 Sbnpbrfturf cb ngtgr lg fioflzf fioflzfcf cf 6 UQN dljbrdgrbs f 5111/ndl 6 Qgtblodÿnbtrg cb nfrdpgsf jubrf cb tgibrflodf 6 Julo. dlogrrbotg cb if rb`uifodÿl ifnecf 6 Oidnf oglbotfcg _d`ldjdofcg 5 Eflcbrf 5 6 5 ? 3 6 6 2 1 6 : 0 = Julodÿl cb cdf`lÿstdog Ngcg cb frrflqub (dlyboodÿl ofcf ?:1±) Ngcg cb frrflqub (dlyboodÿl ofcf 6=1±) Ogrtb cb dlyboodÿl idebrfcg Ogrtb cb dlyboodÿl fotdvg _d`ldjdofcg ? Eflcbrf 2 6 5 ? 3 2 : 0 = 1 6 6 Julodÿl cb cdf`lÿstdog cdf`lÿstdog Ufibltî; efkg rä`dnbl cb UQN Ufibltî; fitg rä`dnbl cb UQN Blrdqubodndbltg bl piblf ofr`f fotdvg Eflcbrf : 6 5 ? 3 2 : 0 = Julodÿl cb cdf`lÿstdog cdf`lÿstdog _dl dnpgrtflodf pfrf bi cdf`lÿstdog Eflcbrf = 6 5 ? 3 2 6 1 : 0 = Julodÿl cb cdf`lÿstdog cdf`lÿstdog Zbrsdÿl ogl trflsndsdÿl futgnætdof Zbrsdÿl ogl trflsndsdÿl nflufi Eflcbrf cb sblsgrbs 6 5 ? 3 2 : 0 = 6 Julodÿl cb cdf`lÿstdog _blsgr cb prbsdÿl cbjbotugsg _blsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cb fdrb cbjbotugsg Qgtblodÿnbtrg cb if nfrdpgsf cbjbotugsg 0 1 6 1 = 1 1 6 Julodÿl cb cdf`lÿstdog cdf`lÿstdog Ngtgr jrîg Ngtgr ofidbltb Ngtgr tdedg 6 6 _d`ldjdofcg 3 Eflcbrf cb frrflqub 6 5 ? 3 2 : _d`ldjdofcg 2 Eflcbrf 6 6 5 ? 3 Eflcbrf 5 6 5 ? 3 6 6 2 1 6 6 : 1 1 6 0 = Julodÿl cb cdf`lÿstdog cdf`lÿstdog Nbzoif pgerb Nbzoif rdof [glf jrîf (lg idstf pfrf gpbrfr) 2 1 6 : 0 = Julodÿl cb cdf`lÿstdog Ngcg cb frrflqub (dlyboodÿl ofcf ?:1±) Ngcg cb frrflqub (dlyboodÿl ofcf 6=1±) Ogrtb cb dlyboodÿl idebrfcg Ogrtb cb dlyboodÿl fotdvg Eflcbrf ? 6 5 ? 3 2 : 0 1 1 6 = 1 6 6 Julodÿl cb cdf`lÿstdog Ngcg lgrnfi cb gpbrfodÿl Ngcg cb fjdlfodÿl _blsgr LSO5 cbjbotugsg Ub`uifodÿl ifnecf fûl lg fotdvf Ofr`f piblf Ufibltî 2 : 0 = 6 Julodÿl cb cdf`lÿstdog cdf`lÿstdog Oidnf oglbotfcg 1 6 6 Eflcbrf 3 6 5 ? 3 Zbrdjdofodÿl biäotrdof Sfeif Sf eif cb vbrdjdofodÿ l Qrubef Z.F.@. 624= Mbnerdiifs Zbrdjdofodÿl cb 63+6? Fidnbltfodÿl cb tblsdÿl cb if uldcfc cb nflcg Cd`djflt -K6:4 55+6? 2+6? 6+6? Oglcdodglbs cb vbrdjdofodÿl / Srfefkgs fcdodglfibs - Bloblcdcg oglbotfcg Qubltbfr ?+6? 65+6? 62+6? 6:+6? fprgx. tblsdÿl cb eftbrîf Bibotrgvæivuif 6 cbi cbpÿsdtg cb ofreÿl fotdvg _böfi 21 f if uldcfc cb nflcg Cd`djflt -K6:4 - Bloblcdcg oglbotfcg Nfsf cb uldcfc cb nflcg Cd`djflt K6:4 Ofeib mfodf bi rbiä cb if egnef cb ogneustdeib -K60 Fidnbltfodÿl cb tblsdÿl cb igs dlybotgrbs L?1, L?6, L?5, L?? _böfi cb fdrb foglcdodglfcg _blsgr pfrf fprgx. tblsdÿl cb eftbrîf - Cfr nfromf - Zbmîouigs ogl trflsn. nfl; - Zbmîouigs ogl trflsn. fut. (pfiflof sbibotgrf bl Q g L); 6?+ nfsf jîsdof Zf Zfigr igr tbÿrdog - Bloblcdcg cbsoglbotfcg 61 Z nîl fprgx. :11 nZ Næxdng 6.1 τ - Qubltbfr ifs tbrndlfibs ? y 6? cbi Z.F.@. 624= Bloblcdcg oglbotfcg - Jusdeib 6= GH If egnef cb ogneustdeib julodglf - Bloblcdcg oglbotfcg Qrubef 3 GH fprgx. tblsdÿl cb eftbrîf - Qubltbfr ifs tbrndlfibs ? y 6? cbi Z.F.@. 624= - Ogl bloblcdcg oglbotfcg, oglbotfr bi fdrb foglcdodglfcg - Cbsoglbotfr bi fdrb foglcdodglfcg - Ogl bloblcdcg fprgx. tblsdÿl cb eftbrîf 1Z Cb 1 f 65 Z vbigodcfc cbi vbmîouig -@55 3+6? Fidnbltfodÿl cb tblsdÿl cb if væivuif bstfedidzfcgrf cb rfibltî 63+62 Ofeib S52/62 fi ognprbsgr cbi fdrb foglcdodglfcg 61+0 4+: 5+6? _blsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brlftb -@:5 _blsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbi fdrb cb fcndsdÿl @35 Ofeibs mfodf if sglcf ifnecf 64+6? 0+66 Qgtblodÿnbtrg cb if nfrdpgsf -@:4 0+60 6=+0 Frläs cbi sblsgr sblsgr Mfii -@31 6=+= 5?+6? Frläs cb btfpf btfpf jdlfi cb trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg L620 oglbotfcg, bibvfr if rubcf cbifltbrf dzqudbrcf y `drfrif bl bi sbltdcg cb if nfromf (gsodifltb) - Ogl bloblcdcg oglbotfcg fprgx. tblsdÿl cb eftbrîf - Ogl bloblcdcg oglbotfcg publtbfr ifs tbrndlfibs _b foodglf bi bnerf`ub nf`lätdog cbi ognprbsgr Zbr `ræjdof cb vfigrbs cb rbsdstblodf >< Qæ`dlf 16-25 Zbr `ræjdof cb vfigrbs cb rbsdstblodf >< Qæ`dlf 16-25 - Bloblcdcg cbsoglbotfcg - Bloblcdcg cbsoglbotfcg - Ogl bloblcdcg cbsoglbotfcg, cbsoglbotfc g, sbpfrfr bi oglbotgr cb if sglcf ifnecf y publtbfr bi ogltfotg 3 f nfsf - Ogl bloblcdcg cbsoglbotfcg, cbsoglbotfc g, sbpfrfr bi oglbotgr cb if sglcf ifnecf y publtbfr bi ogltfotg ? f nfsf - Ogl bloblcdcg cbsoglbotfcg, bl pgsdodÿl cb rfibltî - Ogl bloblcdcg cbsoglbotfcg, bl pgsdodÿl cb piblf ofr`f o fr`f - Ogl bloblcdcg cbsoglbotfcg, cbsoglbotfc g, rbsdtblodf tgtfi (lg cbeb vfrdfr ld bl rfibltî ld f piblf ofr`f - Ogl bloblcdcg cbsoglbotfcg, cbsoglbotfc g, sbpfrfr bi oglbotgr cbi sblsgr Mfii y publtbfr ifs tbrndlfibs 6 y 5 cbi oglbotgr - Qubltbfr ifs tbrndlfibs 5 y ? cbi oglbotgr - Ogl bloblcdcg cbsoglbotfcg, cbsoglbotfc g, sbpfrfr bi oglbotgr cb if btfpf jdlfi y publtbfr ifs tbrndlfibs 6 y 5 cbi oglbotgr - Qubltbfr ifs tbrndlfibs 5 y ? cbi oglbotgr Næxdng 6.2 τ 6.3 H τ ¶ 1.63 5.= H τ ¶ 1.5= 5 H τ ¶ 1.51 Næxdng 6.2 τ Næxdng 6.2 τ Næxdng 6.2 τ Næxdng 6.2 τ ↕ Zfigrbs cb rbsdstblodf Bi cdf`rfnf sb rbjdbrb fi sblsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb (@:5) y fi sblsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbi fdrb cb fcndsdÿl (@35). Bi cdf`rfnf bstæ suecdvdcdcg bl cgs nær`blbs cb tbnpbrfturfs; FE±O cb 1 f 21 ±O cb 21 f 612 Bkbnpigs; ◊ ?1 ±O sb mfiif bl bi nfr`bl F y ogrrbspglcb f ulf rbsdstblodf cb 6.2...5.1 hτ ±O sbEmfiif ◊ bi =1 nfr`bl y bl ogrrbspglcb f ulf rbsdstblodf cb 502...?02 τ Zbrdjdofodÿl cb ognpglbltbs Ufibltî; vbrdjdofr Lgtf; Bi jfotgr ifnecf y bi rä`dnbl cb rfibltî lg sgl rb`uifeibs. Mbrrfndbltfs bspbodfibs, bqudpgs cb tfiibr, bqudpgs cb vbrdjdofodÿl y nbcdodÿl, fsî ogng cdspgsdtdvg s fuxdidfrbs lbobsf lbobsfrdgs rdgs ◊ Ibotgr cb fvbrîfs Z.F.@ 6226/6225 ogl ofeib Z.F.@ 6226/? Oglcdodglbs cb vbrdjdofodÿl ◇ Sbnpbrfturf nîldnf cbi fobdtb cb ngtgr; =1 ±O ◇ Oglsu Oglsundcgrbs ndcgrbs biäotrdogs cbsoglbotfcgs cbsoglbotfcgs ◇ Fdrb foglcdodglfcg cbsoglbotfcg ◇ Omdogtb cb fobibrfcgr fkustfcg >< @rupg cb Ubpfrfodÿl 51 ◇ _dstbnf cb bsofpb mbrnätdog Qrgobsg Qrgobs g c b vbrdjdofodÿl ― Fogpifr bi bqudpg Z.F.@ 6226 (Z.F.@ 6225). Qglbr bi ngtgr bl nfromf b dltrgcuodr bi "oÿcd`g cb cdrboodÿl" 16 pfrf sbiboodglfr if uldcfc cb nflcg cbi ngtgr. (Ibotgr cb fvbrîfs; Oglbotfr y sbiboodglfr if i f uldcfc cb nflcg cbi ngtgr >< pæ`dlf 163.) ― Oglsuitfr if nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs, bl ofsg lbobsfrdg bidndlfr if fvbrîf bxdstbltb y cbspuäs egrrfr if nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs >< pæ`dlf 16-=, 16-=, Nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs; oglsuitfr y egrrfr. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; Srflsndsd ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1 y 3 pfrf if julodÿl "Fkustb eæsdog" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. Lgtf; If uldcfc cb nflcg nfltdblb bi ngtgr f rä`dnbl cb rfibltî. If væivuif bibotrgnf`lätdof pfrf bi cbpÿsdtg cb ofreÿl fotdvg -L=1 sb bloubltrf obrrfcf. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; Dldodfr bi fkustb e Dltrgcuodr l ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1, 1 y 6 pfrf bi "eigqub cb vfigrbs cb nbcdodÿl" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; (6...3 > ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl) d lcdofodÿl) _dstbnf bl fkustb e ⇕ 6 ― Zbrdjdofr ifs rbvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr bl bi ofnpg dlcdofcgr 6, fsî ogng ifs oglcdodglbs cb fkustb eæsdog bl bi ofnpg dlcdofcgr 3. Ofnpgs Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 16 Cdspify xxx/ndl Dlcdofodÿl Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr Ufl`g cb trfefkg 0:1...=31/ndl Zfigr dcbfi Lgtf; =11¶31/ndl =11¶ 31/ndl 5 ? 3 xxx±O Sbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb xx.xx Z Zgitfkb cb if sglcf ifnecf 1.11...6.11 Z xxxxxxxx -3:...636±O nîl. =1±O gsodifltb Fkustb eæsdog --Zbr sd`ldjdofcg 6 >< Qæ`dlf 16-35 5 ? 3 Bi ngtgr cbeb julodglfr ogng nîldng 5 ndlutgs bl rfibltî. _d sb fioflzfl igs vfigrbs dcbfibs; ― Quisfr if tboif ⇕. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; Srflsndsd ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1 y : pfrf if julodÿl "Jdlfidzfr if trflsndsdÿl cb cftgs" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. ― Cbsoglbotfr bi bloblcdcg. Ogltdlufodÿl _d lg sb fioflzf fioflzfl l igs vfigrbs dcbfibs; ― Cbsoglbotfr bi bloblcdcg. ― Zbrdjdofr bi eubl julodglfndbltg cbi pbcfi cb fobibrfcgr y bi ogrrbotg fogpifndbltg cbi oglbotgr cb if uldcfc cb ogltrgi. ― Bjbotufr vbrdjdofodÿl cbi ngnbltg n gnbltg cb bloblcdcg >< pæ`dlf 5=-66. 5=-66. ― Bjbotufr ul rbogrrdcg cb prubef. ― Oglsuitfr if nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs, bl ofsg lbobsfrdg bidndlfr if fvbrîf 16-=,, bxdstbltb y cbspuäs egrrfr if nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs >< pæ`dlf 16-= Nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs; oglsuitfr y egrrfr. ― Bjbotufr lubvfnbltb if vbrdjdofodÿl. Zbrdjdofodÿl cb ognpglbltbs Zæivui Zæ ivui f pfrf bstfedi bstfedi dzfodÿl c bi rä`dnbl cb rfibltî -L06 -L06;; vbrd jdo fr Mbrrfndbltfs bspbodfibs, bqudpgs cb tfiibr, bqudpgs cb vbrdjdofodÿl y nbcdodÿl, fsî ogng cdspgsdtdvg s fuxdidfrbs lbobsf lbobsfrdgs rdgs ◊ Ibotgr cb fvbrîfs Z.F.@ 6226/6225 ogl ofeib Z.F.@ 6226/? Oglcdodglbs cb vbrdjdofodÿl ◇ Ldl`ulf fvbrîf finfoblfcf ◇ Sbnpbrfturf nîldnf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb; =1 ±O Qrgobsg Qrgobs g c b vbrdjdofodÿl ― Fogpifr bi bqudpg Z.F.@ 6226 (Z.F.@ 6225). Qglbr bi ngtgr bl nfromf y cbkfrig `drfr bl rfibltî pgr 5 ndlutgs. Dltrgcuodr bi "oÿcd`g cb cdrboodÿl" 16 pfrf sbibood sbiboodglfr glfr if uldcfc cb nflcg cbi ngtgr. (Ibotgr cb fvbrîfs; Oglbotfr y sbiboodglfr if i f uldcfc cb nflcg cbi ngtgr >< pæ`dlf 163.) ― Oglsuitfr if nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs, bl ofsg lbobsfrdg bidndlfr if fvbrîf bxdstbltb y cbspuäs egrrfr if nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs >< pæ`dlf 16-=, 16-=, Nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs; oglsuitfr y egrrfr. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; Srflsndsd ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1 y = pfrf if julodÿl "Iboturf cb igs eigqubs cb vfigrbs cb nbcdodÿl" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cbi cdspify; Ibbr eigqub cb vfigrbs cb nbcdod ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1, 1 y 6 pfrf bi "eigqub cb vfigrbs cb nbcdodÿl" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; (6...3 > ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl) d lcdofodÿl) Ibbr eigqub cb vfigrbs cb nbcdod ― Zbrdjdofr bl bi ofnpg cb dlcdofodÿl 5 qub if tbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb sbf nfygr f =1± O. 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 16 Cdspify xxx/ndl Ofnpgs Ofnpgs cb dlcdo fodÿl 5 ? xxx±O xx.xx Z xxxxxxxx Zgitfkb cb if sglcf ifnecf 1.11...6.11 Z fkustb eæsdog Dlcdofodÿl Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr Sbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb Ufl`g cb trfefkg 0:1...=31/ndl -3:...636±O Zfigr dcbfi =11¶ =11¶31/ndl 31/ndl 3 nîl. =1±O gsodifltb --Zbr sd`ldjdofcg 6 >< Qæ`dlf 16-35 ― Quisfr if tboif ⇕. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1 y = pfrf if julodÿl "Iboturf cb igs eigqubs cb vfigrbs cb nbcdodÿl" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; Ibbr eigqub cb vfigrbs cb nbcdod ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1, 1 y : pfrf bi "Iboturf cbi eigqub cb vfigrbs cb nbcdodÿl" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; (6...3 > ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl) d lcdofodÿl) Srflsndsd ― Zbrdjdofr bl bi ofnpg cb dlcdofodÿl ? if ogrrdbltb cb if væivuif Ibbr eigqub cb vfigrbs cb nbcdod bstfedidzfcgrf cb rfibltî 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 1: Cdspify xx Dlcdofodÿl Ufl`g cb trfefkg Zfigr dcbfi Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 5 ? 3 xxx xx Ogrrdbltb cb xx Ofr`f fotufi Fprblcdzfkb fpidofcg væivuif bstfedidzfcgrf cb rfibltî Qgt. nfromf bl rfibltî 31...=1 611...6=1 64...:1 66...61? 2= 65= 31 32 Lgtf; If tfeif fltbrdgr fpidof sÿig f igs vbmîouigs 4: < 44. Qfrf vbmîouigs 45 < 42; Zbr `rupg cb dlcdofodÿl 1:, vbmîouigs 45 < 42 ><pæ`dlf 16-50. 16-50. ― Cbsfogpifr bi oglbotgr cbi sblsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb -@:5. Bi vfigr cb bi ofnpg ? cbeb suedr ul pgog y iub`g rb`rbsfræ f su vfigr grd`dlfi. ― Fogpifr lubvfnbltb bi oglbotgr cbi sblsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb. ― Oglsuitfr if nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs, bl ofsg lbobsfrdg bidndlfr if fvbrîf bxdstbltb y cbspuäs egrrfr if nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs >< pæ`dlf 16-=, 16-=, Nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs; oglsuitfr y egrrfr. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; Srflsndsd ― Quisfr if tboif ⇕. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; Srflsndsd ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1 y : pfrf if julodÿl "Jdlfidzfr if trflsndsdÿl cb cftgs" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. ― Cbsoglbotfr bi bloblcdcg. Zbrdjdofodÿl cb ognpglbltbs _glcf ifnecf ifnecf y rb`uifodÿl ifnecf; vbrdjd ofr Mbrrfndbltfs bspbodfibs, bqudpgs cb tfiibr, bqudpgs cb vbrdjdofodÿl y nbcdodÿl, fsî ogng cdspgsdtdvg s fuxdidfrbs lbobsf lbobsfrdgs rdgs ◊ Ibotgr cb fvbrîfs Z.F.@ 6226/6225 ogl ofeib Z.F.@ 6226/? Oglcdodglbs cb vbrdjdofodÿl ◇ Sbnpbrfturf nîldnf cbi iîqudcg iîqud cg rbjrd`brfltb;=1 ±O ◇ Qrubef cb rfibltî GH ◇ _dstbnf cb bsofpb mbrnätdog Qrgobsg Qrgobs g c b vbrdjdofodÿl ― bi bqudpg Z.F.@Dltrgcuodr 6226 (Z.F.@ 6225).cb Qglbr bi ngtgr bl nfromf yglfr cbkfrig blFogpifr rfibltî pgr 5 ndlutgs. bi "oÿcd`g cdrboodÿl" 16 pfrf sbibood sbiboodglfr if `drfr uldcfc cb nflcg cbi ngtgr. (Ibotgr cb fvbrîfs; Oglbotfr y sbiboodglfr if i f uldcfc cb nflcg cbi ngtgr >< pæ`dlf 163.) ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; Srflsndsd ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1 y = pfrf if julodÿl "Iboturf cb igs eigqubs cb vfigrbs cb nbcdodÿl" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; Ibbr eigqub cb vfigrbs cb nbcdod ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1, 1 y 6 pfrf bi "eigqub cb vfigrbs cb nbcdodÿl" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; (6...3 > ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl) d lcdofodÿl) Ibbr eigqub cb vfigrbs cb nbcdod ― Zbrdjdofr bl bi ofnpg cb dlcdofodÿl ? bi vgitfkb cb if sglcf ifnecf. Cbeb sbr jiuotufltb. 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 16 Cdspify xxx/ndl Dlcdofodÿl Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr Ufl`g cb trfefkg 0:1...=31/ndl Zfigr dcbfi =11¶ =11¶31/ndl 31/ndl Ofnpgs Ofnpgs cb dlcdo fodÿl 5 ? xxx±O Sbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb -3:...636 ±O nîl. =1±O xx.xx Z Zgitfkb cb if sglcf ifnecf 1.11...6.11 Z gsodifltb 3 xxxxxxxx Fkustb eæsdog --Zbr sd`ldjdofcg 6 >< Qæ`dlf 16-35 _d sb fioflzfl igs vfigrbs dcbfibs; ― Quisfr if tboif ⇕. ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1 y : pfrf if julodÿl "Jdlfidzfr if trflsndsdÿl cb cftgs" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. _d lg sb fioflzf fioflzfl l igs vfigrb vfigrbs s dcbfibs; ― Fobibrfr rbpbltdlfnbltb y bjbotufr if prubef lubvfnbltb. _d cbspuäs cb fobibrfr rbpbltdlfnbltb, bi vfigr cbi ofnpg ? pbrnflbob oglstfltb; ― ↕ Cbsfogpifr bi oglbotgr cbi sblsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb @:5. ― ↕ Cbsfogpifr bi oglbotgr cbi sblsgr ifnecf -6- y, ogl o gl fyucf cb igs ofeibs fuxdidfrbs Z.F.@. 6243, publtbfr if tbrndlfi 3 f nfsf. Bi vfigr cbi ofnpg ? cbeb funbltfr. _d bi vfigr cbi ofnpg ? funbltf; ― _ustdtudr if sglcf ifnecf. _d bi vfigr cbi ofnpg ? lg funbltf; ― Ubfidzfr if vbrdjdofodÿl biäotrdof lg. 16-34. 16-34. _d bs GH, sustdtudr if uldcfc cb ogltrgi Cd`djflt -K6:4. ― Fogpifr bi sblsgr sblsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb @:5 y bi oglbotgr cbi sblsgr ifnecf. ― Oglsuitfr if nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs, bl ofsg lbobsfrdg bidndlfr if fvbrîf bxdstbltb y cbspuäs egrrfr if nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs >< pæ`dlf 16-=,, Nbngrdf cb 16-= fvbrîfs; oglsuitfr y egrrfr. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; Srflsndsd ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1 y : pfrf if julodÿl "Jdlfidzfr if trflsndsdÿl cb cftgs" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. ― Cbsoglbotfr bi bloblcdcg. Zbrdjdofodÿl cb ognpglbltbs _blsgr _b lsgr c b tbnpbrftu tbnpbrftu rf cbi iîqu iîqu dcg rbjr d`brfltb -@:5; -@:5; vbrdjdo fr Mbrrfndbltfs bspbodfibs, bqudpgs cb tfiibr, bqudpgs cb vbrdjdofodÿl y nbcdodÿl, fsî ogng cdspgsdtdvg s fuxdidfrbs lbobsf lbobsfrdgs rdgs ◊ Ibotgr cb fvbrîfs Z.F.@ 6226/6225 ogl ofeib Z.F.@ 6226/? ◊ Frläs cb vbrdjdofodÿl vbrdjdofodÿl Z.F.@. 624= ◊ Ofeib fcfptfcgr Z.F.@. 624=/5 Oglcdodglbs cb vbrdjdofodÿl ◇ Ngtgr jrîg Qrgobsg Qrgobs g c b vbrdjdofodÿl ― Fogpifr bi bqudpg Z.F.@ 6226 (Z.F.@ 6225). Qglbr bi ngtgr bl nfromf b dltrgcuodr bi "oÿcd`g cb cdrboodÿl" 16 pfrf sbiboodglfr if i f uldcfc cb nflcg cbi ngtgr. (Ibotgr cb fvbrîfs; Oglbotfr y sbiboodglfr if i f uldcfc cb nflcg cbi ngtgr >< pæ`dlf 163.) ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1 y = pfrf if julodÿl "Iboturf cb igs eigqubs cb vfigrbs cb nbcdodÿl" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; Srflsndsd Ibbr eigqub cb vfigrbs cb nbcdod ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1, 1 y 6 pfrf bi "eigqub cb vfigrbs cb nbcdodÿl" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; (6...3 > ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl) d lcdofodÿl) Ibbr eigqub cb vfigrbs cb nbcdod ― Zbrdjdofr bl bi ofnpg cb dlcdofodÿl 5 if tbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb. Ofnpgs Ofnpgs cb dlcdofodÿl 6 @rupg c b dlcdofodÿl 16 Cdspify xxx/ndl 5 ? 3 xxx±O Sbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb xx.xx Z Zgitfkb cb if sglcf ifnecf 1.11...6.11 Z xxxxxxxx Eflcbrf oglcdodglbs cb fjdlfodÿl Dlcdofodÿl Ubvgiuodglbs cb ngtgr Ufl`g cb trfefkg 0:1...=31/ndl =1...61=±O =11 ¶31/ndl Fprgx. tbnpbrfturf fnedbltb Zfigr dcbfi gsodifltb --Zbr sd`ldjdofcg 6 >< Qæ`dlf 16-35 ― Cbkfr bi ngtgr n gtgr julodglflcg bl rfibltî. If tbnpbrfturf cbeb dlorbnbltfrs d lorbnbltfrsb b uldjgrnbnbltb. _d lg sb fioflzf bi vfigr dcbfi g if tbnpbrfturf t bnpbrfturf funbl funbltf tf bl bsofiglfndbltgs; ― Quisfr if tboif ⇕. ↕ Dlcdofodÿl cbi cdspify; ― Quisfr ifs tboifs 1 y : pfrf if julodÿl "Jdlfidzfr if trflsndsdÿl cb cftgs" y ogljdrnfr if bltrfcf ogl if tboif V. ― Cbsoglbotfr bi bloblcdcg. ― Zbrdjdofr bi ofeibfcg ofei bfcg cbi sbl sblsgr sgr sb`ûl bi bsqubnf cb odroudtgs cb ogrrdbltb. Zbrdjdofr bi ofeibfcg ― Ogl bi bloblcdcg cbsoglbotfcg, rbtdrfr cbsoglbotfcg, bi oglbotgr cb if if uldcfc cb ogltrgi Cd`djflt -K6:4. ― ↕ Oglbotfr bi frläs cb vbrdjdofodÿl Z.F.@. 624= ogl bi ofeib fcfptfcgr Z.F.@. 624=/5 fi frläs cb if uldcfc cb ogltrgi. ― Bxtrfbr bi oglbotgr cb 3 pgigs cbi sblsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbi Srflsndsd iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb (@:5). ― Zbrdjdofr ogl rbspbotg f dltbrrupodÿl bi ofeib bltrb bi frläs cb vbrdjdofodÿl y bi oglbotgr cb 3 pgigs, sd`udblcg bi bsqubnf cb odroudtgs cb ogrrdbltb. Ogltfotg 6 + mbnerdiif 0 Ogltfotg ? + mbnerdiif 61 Ubsdstblodf cb ofeib; 6.2 τ næx næx ― Zbrdjdofr ogl rbspbotg f dltbrrupodÿl bi ofeib ?, fsî ogng if nfsf cbi vbmîouig, igs ofeibs bltrb bi frläs cb prubef y if tbrndlfi cb 3 pgigs cbi ogltfotg 6, sd`udblcg bi bsqubnf cb odroudtgs cb ogrrdbltb. Ogltfotg ? + mbnerdiif 0 Ogltfotg ? + nfsf Zfigr dcbfi; ∜ τ ― Zbrdjdofr fcbnæs fnegs ofeibs bl oufltg f ogrtg odroudtg f pgsdtdvg. Zfigr dcbfi; ∜ τ _d lg sb cbtbotf ldl`ulf fvbrîf cbi ofeib; ― Iibvfr fofeg if nbcdodÿl cb rbsdstblodf bl bi sblsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb (@:5) ogltfotgs 6 y ?. ↕ Bi cdf`rfnf sb rbjdbrb fi sblsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbiy fi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb (@:5) sblsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbi fdrb cb fcndsdÿl (@35). Bi cdf`rfnf bstæ suecdvdcdcg bl cgs nær`blbs cb tbnpbrfturfs; FE±O cb 1 f 21 ±O cb 21 f 612 Bkbnpigs; ◊ ?1 ±O sb mfiif bl bi nfr`bl F y ogrrbspglcb f ulf rbsdstblodf cb 6.2...5.1 hτ ◊ =1 ±O sb mfiif bl bi nfr`bl E y ogrrbspglcb f ulf rbsdstblodf cb 502...?02 τ _d lg sb fioflzf bi vfigr dcbfi; ― _ustdtudr bi sblsgr cb tbnpbrfturf cbi iîqudcg rbjrd`brfltb @:5 53-5,, pgs. >< pæ`dlf 53-5 65 ― Oglsuitfr if nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs, bl ofsg lbobsfrdg bidndlfr if fvbrîf bxdstbltb y cbspuäs egrrfr if nbngrdf cb fvbrîfs >< pæ`dlf 16-=,, Nbngrdf cb 16-= fvbrîfs; oglsuitfr y egrrfr. _d lg sb mf cbtbrndlfcg fi`ulf fvbrîf bl bi ofeibfcg y igs vfigrbs cb rbsdstblodf sgl GH; ― _ustdtudr if uldcfc cb ogltrgi Cd`djflt K6:4. Zbrdjdofodÿl cb ognpglbltbs Dlybotgrbs; Dlyb otgrbs; vbrdjdofr Mbrrfndbltfs bspbodfibs, bqudpgs cb tfiibr, bqudpgs cb vbrdjdofodÿl y nbcdodÿl, fsî ogng cdspgsdtdvg s fuxdidfrbs lbobsf lbobsfrdgs rdgs ◊ Nuitînbtrg nflufi Z.F.@. 625: g nuitînbtrg nuit înbtrg Z.F.@. 6062 ◊ Iænpfrf cb cdgcg Z.F.@. 6250 Zbrdjdofr if fotdvfodÿl ― Bl prdnbr iu`fr rbfidzfr cdf`lÿstdog cb fotufcgrbs >< pæ`dlf 16-6: 16-6:.. ― Bxtrfbr bi oglbotgr -6- cb tgcgs igs dlybotgrbs. d lybotgrbs. ― ↕ Fogpifr if iænpfrf cb cdgcg Z.F.@ 6250 ogl ofeibs fuxdidfrbs cb Z.F.@ 6243 f bi oglbotgr cb igs dlybotgrbs. ― Foodglfr bi ngtgr cb frrflqub y vbrdjdofr if fidnbltfodÿl cb tblsdÿl cb igs dlybotgrbs. Bi cdgcg iundlgsg i undlgsg cbeb pfrpfcbfr. _d bi cdgcg iundlgsg lg pfrpfcbf; Zbrdjdofr igs ofeibs ― ↕ Oglbotfr bi frläs cb vbrdjdofodÿl Z.F.@. 624= ogl bi ofeib fcfptfcgr Z.F.@. 624=/5 fi frläs cb if uldcfc cb ogltrgi. ― Zbrdjdofr ogl rbspbotg f dltbrrupodÿl bi ofeib bltrb bi frläs cb vbrdjdofodÿl y bi oglbotgr cb 5 pgigs, sd`udblcg bi bsqubnf cb odroudtgs cb ogrrdbltb. Ogltfotg 6 + pifof pgrtfrrbiäs Ogltfotg 5 + mbnerdiif 65 Ubsdstblodf cb ofeib; 6.2 τ næx n æx ― Zbrdjdofr fcbnæs fnegs ofeibs bl oufltg f ogrtg odroudtg bltrb sd. Zfigr dcbfi; ∜ τ _d lg sb cbtbotf ldl`ulf fvbrîf cbi ofeib; Zbrdjdofr rbsdstblodfs ― ↕ Ogl fyucf cb ul nuitînbtrg, vbrdjdofr if rbsdstblodf bl bi oglbotgr -5(rbsdstblodf cb igs 3 dlybotgrbs). Ubsdstblodf lgndlfi; ?.0 f 2.1 τ ― Zbrdjdofr if rbsdstblodf dlcdvdcufi cb ofcf dlybotgr. Ubsdstblodf lgndlfi; 62.1 f 51.1 τ ― Zbrdjdofr if ogltdludcfc bltrb bi ogltfotg 5 cbi oglbotgr -5- y bi ogltfotg 6 cbi oglbotgr cb ofcf dlybotgr. ― Zbrdjdofr if ogltdludcfc bltrb bi ogltfotg 6 cbi oglbotgr -5- y bi ogltfotg 5 cbi oglbotgr cb ofcf dlybotgr. _dstbnf cb bloblcdc g; rbpfrf rbpfrfrr Ognpglbltbs cbi sd stbnf cb bloblcdcg; Ognpglbltbs bloblcdcg; c bsngltfr y ng ltfr, Zbmîouig s 45 < 42 6. Ofeib Ofeib cb bloblcdcg g ◊ Zbrdjdofr if ogltdludcfc cb pfsg 5. Blomujb fltdpfrfsdtfrdg g ◊ Ubsdstblodf 6 Hτ ?. Egr lb 6 (-) 3. Egr lb 62 (+) 2. Btfpf jdlfi pfrf trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg-L620 g ◊ Zbrdjdofr >< pæ`dlf 5=-62 :. 61 Ln 0. Srflsjgrnfcg r cb bloblcdcg -L625 ◊ Zbrdjdofr >< g pæ`dlf 5=-62 =. Blomujb cb oglbxdÿl 4. Odlt f f nfsf 61. Blomu jb cb eukîf cb bloblcdcg g ◊ Ubsdstblodf 2 Hτ 66. Euk îf cb b bloblcdc loblcdc g g ◊ Sgrqub; 52 Ln ◊ Bspbodjdofodglbs g >< pæ`dlf 5=-0 65. 52 Ln 6?. Qifof cb ngltfkb 63. Fldiig kultf ◊ _ustdtudr bl ofsg g cb cbtbrdgrg 62 62.. Cdstrdeudcgr cb bloblcdcg ogl sblsgr Mf Mfii ii -@31 g ◊ Cbsngltfr y ngltfr >< pæ`dlf 5=-= g ◊ _blsgr Mfii, vbrdjdofr >< pæ`dlf 5=-6? 6:. Ofpbruzf ouerbpg ivg 60 60.. Ugtgr cbi cdstrdeudcgr cb bloblcdcg g ◊ Cdstdltdvg; U6 ◊ Ubsdstblodf; 6 g Hτ 6=. Sfpf cbi cdstrdeudcgr ◊ Ubtdrfr if ouedbrtf g cb eidlcfkb, pfrf rbvdsdÿl cb if tfpf ◊ Zbrdjdofr cb ofrf g f cbs`fstb y cfögs 64. Oued brtf cb eidl cfkb _dstbnf cb bloblcdc g; rbpfrf rbpfrfrr Ognpglbltbs cbi sd stbnf cb bloblcdcg; Ognpglbltbs bloblcdcg; c bsngltfr y ng ltfr, Zbmîouig s 4: < 44 6. Ofeib Ofeib cb bloblcdcg g ◊ Zbrdjdofr if ogltdludcfc cb pfsg 5. Blomujb fltdpfrfsdtfrdg g ◊ Ubsdstblodf 6 Hτ ?. Egr lb 6 (-) g ◊ Cbefkg cb tfpf prgtbotgrf 3. Egr lb 62 (+) g ◊ Cbefkg cb tfpf prgtbotgrf 2. Srflsjgrnfcg r cb bloblcdcg -L62 -L625 5 ogl btfpf jdlfi p frf trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg-L620 ◊ Zbrdjdofr g trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg >< pæ`dlf 5=62 ◊ Zbrdjdofr g btfpf jdlfi >< pæ`dlf 5=62 :. 61 Ln 0. Odlt f f nfsf =. Blomujb cb oglbxdÿl 4. Blomujb cb eukîf cb bloblcdcg ◊ Ubsdstblodf 2 Hτ Hτ g 61. Euk îf cb b bloblcdc loblcdc g g ◊ Sgrqub; 52 Ln ◊ Bspbodjdofodglbs g >< pæ`dlf 5=-0 66. 52 Ln 65. Qifof cb ngltfkb 6?. Fldiig kultf ◊ _ustdtudr bl ofsg g cb cbtbrdgrg 63 63.. Cdstrdeudcgr cb bloblcdcg ogl sblsgr Mf Mfii ii -@31 g ◊ Cbsngltfr y ngltfr >< pæ`dlf 5=-= g ◊ _blsgr Mfii, vbrdjdofr 5=-6? >< pæ`dlf 62. Ofpbruzf ouerbpg ivg 6: 6:.. Ugtgr cbi cdstrdeudcgr cb bloblcdcg g ◊ Cdstdltdvg; U6 ◊ Ubsdstblodf; 6 Hτ g 60. Sfpf cbi cdstrdeudcgr g ◊ Ubtdrfr if ouedbrtf cb eidlcfkb, pfrf rbvdsdÿl cb if tfpf ◊ Zbrdjdofr cb ofrf f g cbs`fstb y cfögs 6=. Ouedbrt f cb eidl cfkb _ dstbnf cbcb bloblcdc g; rbpfrf rbpfrfr r y ngltfr Cdstrdeudcgr bloblcdcg; bloblcdcg; cbsngltfr Lgtf; Qfrf bi fcbifltg y rbtfrcg cb if omdspf, bi grcbl cb bloblcdcg bs nuy dnpgrtfltb. Ästb ig rboglgob if uldcfc cb nflcg f trfväs cbi sblsgr Mfii bl bi cdstrdeudcgr cb bloblcdcg, bl rbifodÿl ogl if nfrof cb QN_ (pultg nubrtg supbrdgr) cbi odidlcrg 6. Nfrof cb QN_ QN_ cbi odidl crg 6; vbrdjdofr Ngtgr ngltfcg; ― ↕ Ogigofr bi vgifltb cb ngtgr -Fy if pgibf cb od`ùböfi -E- bl ifs nfrofs cb QN_ cbi odidlcrg 6. Ngtgr c bsngltf bsngltfcg; cg; ― ↕ Ogigofr if pgibf cbi od`ùböfi bl bi QN_ cbi odidlcrg 6. ― ↕ If nfrof cbi bl`rflb cbi æregi cb ibvfs cbeb ogdlodcdr ogl if nfrof bl if tgivf prgtbotgrf. ― Cbsngltfr cdstrdeudcgr. ― ↕ Cdspglbr cb jgrnf qub ogdlodcf if bspd`f cb rbobpodÿl cbi æregi cb if egnef cb fobdtb ogl bi grdjdodg rgsofcg. ― ↕ Ngltfr cdstrdeudcgr, if nfrof cb if ofrofsf cbi cdstrdeudcgr, cbeb ogdlodcdr ogl bi rgtgr cbi ndsng. ― Fkustfr bi ngnbltg cb bloblcdcg >< 5=-66.. pæ`dlf 5=-66 ― Fprbtfr bi tgrldiig cb sukbodÿl cbi cdstrdeudcgr. Qfr cb fprdbtb; 52 Ln _dstbnf cb bloblcdc g; rbpfrf rbpfrfrr _blsgr _b lsgr Mf Mfii ii -@ -@31; 31; vbrdjdo fr Mbrrfndbltfs bspbodfibs, bqudpgs cb tfiibr, bqudpgs cb vbrdjdofodÿl y nbcdodÿl, fsî ogng cdspgsdtdvg s fuxdidfrbs lbobsf lbobsfrdgs rdgs ◊ Nuitînbtrg nflufi Z.F.@ 625: g nuitînbtrg Z.F.@ 6062 ◊ _bt fuxdidfr cb nbcdodÿl n bcdodÿl Z.F.@ 6243 Oglcdodÿl cb vbrdjdofodÿl ◇ Sblsdÿl cb if eftbrîf, 66.2 Z nîldng Zbrdjdofr fidnbltfodÿl cb tblsdÿl ― ↕ Bxtrfbr bi oglbotgr cb ? pgigs cbi sblsgr Mfii. ― Qfrf nbcdr if tblsdÿl, fogpifr bi nuitînbtrg f igs ogltfotgs bxtbrdgrbs (6 y ?) cbi oglbotgr utdidzflcg igs ofeibs fuxdidfrbs cb Z.F.@ 6243. ― Oglbotfr bi bloblcdcg. Zfigr tbÿrdog; 61 Z nîl. ― Cbsoglbotfr bi bloblcdcg. Zbrdjdofr igs ofeibs ― ↕ Oglbotfr bi frläs cb vbrdjdofodÿl Z.F.@. 624= ogl bi ofeib fcfptfcgr Z.F.@. 624=/5 fi frläs cb if uldcfc cb ogltrgi. ― Zbrdjdofr ogl rbspbotg f dltbrrupodÿl bi ofeib bltrb bi frläs cb vbrdjdofodÿl y bi oglbotgr cb ? pgigs, sd`udblcg bi bsqubnf cb odroudtgs cb ogrrdbltb. Ogltfotg 6 + mbnerdiif 0 Ogltfotg 5 + mbnerdiif 6= Ogltfotg ? + mbnerdiif = Ubsdstblodf cb ofeib; 6.2τ næx næx ― Zbrdjdofr fcbnæs igs ofeibs bl oufltg f ogrtg odroudtg bltrb sd. Zfigr dcbfi; ∜ τ _d lg sb cbtbotf ldl`ulf fvbrîf cb igs ofeibs y mfy tblsdÿl bltrb igs ogltfotgs 6+?; ― _ustdtudr bi sblsgr mfii >< pæ`dlf 5=-2 5=-2,, pgs. 63. 63. _d lg sb cbtbotf ldl`ulf fvbrîf cb igs ofeibs y lg mfy tblsdÿl bltrb igs ogltfotgs 6+?; ― _ustdtudr if uldcfc cb ogltrgi Cd`djflt K6:4. _dstbnf cb bloblcdc g; rbpfrf rbpfrfrr Srflsjgr nfcgr cb bloblcdc g -L625 -L625 ogl btfpf jdl fi cb pgtblodf L620 L6 20;; vbrdjdo fr Mbrrfndbltfs bspbodfibs, bqudpgs cb tfiibr, bqudpgs cb vbrdjdofodÿl y nbcdodÿl, fsî ogng cdspgsdtdvg s fuxdidfrbs lbobsf lbobsfrdgs rdgs ◊ Nuitînbtrg nflufi Z.F.@ 625: g nuitînbtrg Z.F.@ 6062 ◊ _bt fuxdidfr cb nbcdodÿl n bcdodÿl Z.F.@ 6243 ◊ Iænpfrf cb cdgcg Z.F.@. 6250 Oglcdodglbs cb vbrdjdofodÿl ◇ Sblsdÿl cb if eftbrîf, 66.2 Z nîldng ◇ _blsgr Mfii, ogrrbotg >< pæ`dlf 5=-6? Zbrdjdofr fidnbltfodÿl cb tblsdÿl ― Cbsfogpifr bi oglbotgr trdpib y bi ofeib cb fitf tblsdÿl cbi trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg. ― ↕ Qfrf nbcdr if tblsdÿl, fogpifr bi nuitînbtrg f igs ogltfotgs6 y ? cbi oglbotgr cbi cb trflsjgrnfcgr bloblcdcg utdidzflc utdid zflcg g igs ofeibs fuxdidfrbs cb Z.F.@ 6243. ― Oglbotfr bi bloblcdcg. Zfigr tbÿrdog; fprgx. if tblsdÿl cb if eftbrîf ― Cbsoglbotfr bi bloblcdcg. _d lg mfy tblsdÿl; ― Zbrdjdofr ogl rbspbotg f dltbrrupodÿl bi ofeib bltrb bi oglbotgr cb ? pgigs ogltfotg 6 y nfsf, sd`udblcg bi bsqubnf cb odroudtgs cb ogrrdbltb. Ubsdstblodf cbi ofeib; 6.2 τ næx. næx. ― Zbrdjdofr ogl rbspbotg f dltbrrupodÿl bi ofeib bltrb bi oglbotgr cb ? pgigs ogltfotg ? y if pifof pgrtfrrbiäs, sd`udblcg bi bsqubnf cb odroudtgs cb ogrrdbltb. Ubsdstblodf cbi ofeib; 6.2 τ næx. næx. Zbrdjdofr if fotdvfodÿl Bl bstf pru bef sb cbeb tblbr oudcfcg cb lg tgofr ifs tbrndlfibs cbi trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg ld igs ofeibs cb vbrdjdofod ― ↕ Oglbotfr if iænpfrf cb cdgcg ogl igs ofeibs fuxdidfrbs bl igs ogltfotgs 5 y ? cbi oglbotgr trdpib cbi trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg. ― Foodglfr bi ngtgr cb frrflqub. Bi cdgcg cbeb pfrpfcbfr. _d bi cdgcg lg pfrpfcbf; ― Zbrdjdofr igs ofeibs >< pæ`dlf 5=-60 Zbrdjdofr igs ofeibs ― ↕ Oglbotfr bi frläs cb vbrdjdofodÿl Z.F.@. 624= ogl bi ofeib fcfptfcgr Z.F.@. 624=/5 fi frläs cb if uldcfc cb ogltrgi. ― Zbrdjdofr ogl rbspbotg f dltbrrupodÿl igs ofeibs bltrb bi frläs cb vbrdjdofodÿl y bi oglbotgr cb ? pgigs sd`udblcg bi bsqubnf cb odroudtgs cb ogrrdbltb. Ogltfotg 5 + mbnerdiif 5? Ubsdstblodf cb ofeib; 6.2 τ næx. næx. _d lg sb cbtbotf ldl`ulf fvbrîf cb igs ofeibs y mfy tblsdÿl bltrb igs ogltfotgs 6 y ?; ― _ustdtudr if uldcfc cb ogltrgi Cd`djflt K6:4. Zbrdjdofr rbsdstblodfs ― Cbsfogpifr bi oglbotgr y bi ofeib cb bloblcdcg cbi trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg -L625. ― ↕ Zbrdjdofr if rbsdstblodf prdnfrdf ogl bi nuitînbtrg nflufi Z.F.@. 625: bltrb igs egrlbs 6 y 62. Zfigr lgndlfi; 1.2...1.0 τ ― Zbrdjdofr if rbsdstblodf sboulcfrdf ogl bi nuitînbtrg nflufi Z.F.@. 625: bltrb igs egrlbs 3 y 62. Zfigr lgndlfi; ?.5 Hτ¶61 % ― Zbrdjdofr if ogltdludcfc bltrb ifs tbrndlfibs ? cb if btfpf jdlfi pfrf trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg y bi egrlb 62 cbi trfls t rflsjgrnfcgr jgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg. Zbmîouigs 4: < 44; ― Zbrdjdofr if rbsdstblodf bltrb ifs tbrndlfibs 6 y 5 cb if btfpf jdlfi pfrf trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg Zfigr lgndlfi; ?.3 Hτ¶61 % ― Zbrdjdofr if rbsdstblodf bltrb ifs tbrndlfibs 6 y ? cb if btfpf jdlfi pfrf trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg Zfigr lgndlfi; 5.? Hτ¶61 % ― Zbrdjdofr if rbsdstblodf bltrb ifs tbrndlfibs 5 y ? cb if btfpf jdlfi pfrf trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg Zfigr lgndlfi; 6.1 Hτ¶61 % _d lg sb fioflzf fioflzfl l igs vfigrbs lgndlfibs; ― _ustdtudr bi trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg ogl btfpf jdlfi pfrf trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg. Zbmîouigs 45 < 42; ― Zbrdjdofr if rbsdstblodf bltrb ifs tbrndlfibs 6 y 5 cb if btfpf jdlfi pfrf trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg Zfigr lgndlfi; 6.? Hτ¶61 % ― Zbrdjdofr if rbsdstblodf bltrb ifs tbrndlfibs 6 y ? cb if btfpf jdlfi pfrf trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg Zfigr lgndlfi; 3 Hτ¶61 % ― Zbrdjdofr if rbsdstblodf bltrb ifs tbrndlfibs 5 y ? cb if btfpf jdlfi pfrf trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg Zfigr lgndlfi; 2.3 Hτ¶61 % _d lg sb fioflzf fioflzfl l igs vfigrbs lgndlfibs; ― _ustdtudr bi ognpglbltb cbjbotugsg, trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg ÿ btfpf jdlfi pfrf trflsjgrnfcgr cb bloblcdcg.
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