See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274385291 DESARROLLO DE UN SISTEMA DE SECADO AL VACÍO PARA MEDICIÓN DE CONTENIDO DE HUMEDAD Conference Paper · October 2014 CITATIONS READS 0 5,462 1 author: Enrique Martines López Centro Nacional de Metrologia 22 PUBLICATIONS 20 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Enrique Martines López on 03 April 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Simposio de Metrología 2014 6 - 10 de Octubre, 2014 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________ '(6$552//2'(816,67(0$'(6(&$'2$/9$&Ë23$5$0(',&,Ï1 '(&217(1,'2'(+80('$' 0DUWLQHV/ySH](/LUD&RUWHV/ &HQWUR1DFLRQDOGH0HWURORJtD .P&DUUHWHUDD/RV&XpV(O0DUTXpV4XHUpWDUR&34XHUpWDUR0p[LFR 7HOpIRQRH[WFRUUHRHOHFWUyQLFRHPDUWLQH#FHQDPP[ 5HVXPHQ (Q HO ODERUDWRULR GH KXPHGDG GH VyOLGRV GHO &(1$0 VH WLHQH LPSOHPHQWDGR XQ VLVWHPD GH VHFDGR SRU FRQYHFFLyQ VLQ HPEDUJR QR VH FXHQWD FRQ XQ VLVWHPD GH VHFDGR DO YDFtR SDUD PDWHULDOHV FRQ DOWR FRQWHQLGR YROiWLO R SDUD DTXHOORV TXH H[SHULPHQWDQ GHVFRPSRVLFLyQ FXDQGR VH FDOLHQWDQ D DOWDV WHPSHUDWXUDV3RUHVWDUD]yQVHGHVDUUROOyXQVLVWHPDGHVHFDGRDOYDFtRTXHSHUPLWHREWHQHUODPDVDVHFD \FRQHOODHOFRQWHQLGRGHKXPHGDGGHOPDWHULDO (OVLVWHPDFRQVLVWHGHXQDFHOGDGHVHFDGRXQDFHOGDDX[LOLDU\XQEDxROtTXLGRGHWHPSHUDWXUDFRQWURODGD HOFXDOVHFDUDFWHUL]yHQHOLQWHUYDORGH&D&&RQHVWHVLVWHPDVHPLGLyHOFRQWHQLGRGHKXPHGDG HQ PXHVWUDV GH JUDQRV GH PDt] PDt] SDORPHUR IULMRO QHJUR IULMRO SLQWR \ DUUR] D SUHVLRQHV PHQRUHV GH N3D6HSUHVHQWDQORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRV ,1752'8&&,Ï1 PDWHULDOHVTXHVHVHFDQDWHPSHUDWXUDVPD\RUHVGH & H[LVWHQ RWURV TXH UHTXLHUHQ VHFDUVH D WHPSHUDWXUDV PHQRUHV WDOHV FRPR ORV SURGXFWRV (OVHFDGRHVXQSURFHVRTXHUHGXFHHODJXDGHORV IDUPDFpXWLFRV > @ DOJXQDV IUXWDV \ YHUGXUDV >@ PDWHULDOHV\WLHQHYDULDVDSOLFDFLRQHVHQWUHODVTXH ORVDOLPHQWRVFRQDOWRFRQWHQLGR GHDFHLWHHO \HVR VHHQFXHQWUDQHODOPDFHQDMHVHJXURGHPDWHULDOHV HWFpWHUD GHELGR D TXH ODV DOWDV WHPSHUDWXUDV PHMRUD OD FDOLGDG GH ORV SURGXFWRV DOLPHQWLFLRV GHJUDGDQ HO PDWHULDO GDxRV WpUPLFRV DIHFWDQ VXV SUHVHUYD ODV SURSLHGDGHV GH ORV PDWHULDOHV HYLWD SURSLHGDGHV R HYDSRUDQ DOWDV FDQWLGDGHV GH GDxRV HQ ODV FRQVWUXFFLRQHV UHGXFH ORV FRVWRV GH PDWHULDO YROiWLO OR FXDO DIHFWD HO YDORU GH VX WUDQVSRUWDFLyQ \ VH XVD FRPR XQ PpWRGR SDUD FRQWHQLGRGHKXPHGDG REWHQHU OD PDVD VHFD GH ORV PDWHULDOHV HQ DSOLFDFLRQHVPHWUROyJLFDVHQWUHRWUDV (OVHFDGRDOYDFtRHVXQPpWRGRTXHVHXVDSDUDOD PHGLFLyQGHKXPHGDGGHGLVWLQWRVPDWHULDOHV>@\ (Q PHWURORJtD ORV PpWRGRV GH PHGLFLyQ GH WLHQH DOJXQDV YHQWDMDV UHVSHFWR DO VHFDGR SRU FRQWHQLGR GH KXPHGDG HQ PXFKRV PDWHULDOHV VH FRQYHFFLyQ SRU HMHPSOR VH DSOLFD D EDMDV UHDOL]DQ VREUH OD EDVH GH VHFDGR HQ ORV FXDOHV OD WHPSHUDWXUDV PHQRUHV TXH & UHGXFH OD YDSRUL]DFLyQGHODJXDSHUPLWHREWHQHUODPDVDVHFD PDWHULDYROiWLOVHDSOLFDDGLYHUVRVPDWHULDOHVHYLWD GHOPDWHULDO ODVUHDFFLRQHVTXtPLFDV R[LGDFLyQFRUURVLyQ HQWUH HOPDWHULDO\ODDWPyVIHUDFLUFXQGDQWHHQWUHRWUDV> ([LVWHQ YDULDV WpFQLFDV SDUD UHDOL]DU HO VHFDGR GH @ PDWHULDOHVVyOLGRVVLQHPEDUJRDOJXQDVGHODVPiV XVDGDVVRQHOVHFDGRSRUFRQYHFFLyQ\HOVHFDGRDO $GLFLRQDOPHQWHHOVHFDGRDOYDFtRHVXQPpWRGRGH YDFtR(QHOSULPHURHODLUHGHODPELHQWHVHFDOLHQWD UHIHUHQFLD QRUPDOL]DGR SDUD PHGLFLRQHV GH D XQD WHPSHUDWXUD HVSHFtILFD \ VH PDQWLHQH HQ FRQWHQLGR GH KXPHGDG HVSHFLILFDGR HQ YDULRV PRYLPLHQWR FRQWLQXR GHQWUR GHO KRUQR HQ HO RUJDQLVPRV LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV FRPR VRQ OD ,62 > VHJXQGR HO DLUH GHO KRUQR VH HYDF~D KDFLD HO @OD,&&>@OD$2$&>@SDUDPHGLFLRQHVGH DPELHQWH OR TXH UHGXFH OD SUHVLyQ \ FRPR DOWDH[DFWLWXG FRQVHFXHQFLDVHUHGXFHODWHPSHUDWXUDGHHEXOOLFLyQ GHODJXD &RQ HO SURSyVLWR GH FRQWDU FRQ XQ VLVWHPD GH VHFDGR SDUD PHGLU HO FRQWHQLGR GH KXPHGDG HQ 'DGR TXH HO VHFDGR SRU FRQYHFFLyQ VH UHDOL]D D PDWHULDOHV TXH QR SXHGHQ VHFDUVH D DOWDV SUHVLyQ DWPRVIpULFD ODV WHPSHUDWXUDV GH VHFDGR WHPSHUDWXUDV \ SDUD UHGXFLU HO HIHFWR GH PDWHULD FRQIUHFXHQFLDVRQPD\RUHVD&HQSDUWLFXODU YROiWLOVHGHVDUUROOyXQVLVWHPDGHVHFDGRDOYDFtR HQDSOLFDFLRQHVGRQGHVHUHTXLHUHVHFDUHOPDWHULDO FRPSOHWDPHQWH 1R REVWDQWH TXH KD\ PXFKRV ISBN 978-607-96162-9-8 577 Simposio Metrología, Memorias CENAM Simposio de Metrología 2014 6 - 10 de Octubre, 2014 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________ HO FXDO RSHUD GHVGH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH & D &DSUHVLRQHVPHQRUHVGHN3D (O VLVWHPD GHVDUUROODGR GLILHUH GH ORV VLVWHPDV FRPHUFLDOHVHQORVVLJXLHQWHVDVSHFWRV ODWHPSHUDWXUDGHODFHOGDGHVHFDGRVHFRQWUROD PHGLDQWH XQ EDxR OtTXLGR SDUD PHMRUDU OD HVWDELOLGDG FXHQWD FRQ XQD FHOGD DX[LOLDU SDUD FRQWHQHU XQ GHVHFDQWH HO FXDO HYLWD OD FRQGHQVDFLyQ \ PHMRUD HOSURFHVRGHVHFDGR OD FHOGD DX[LOLDU HVWi KHFKD GH YLGULR OR FXDO SHUPLWHREVHUYDUODFRQGLFLyQGHOGHVHFDQWH 6HGHVFULEHHOGHVDUUROOR \ODFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQGHXQ VLVWHPD GH VHFDGR DO YDFtR HO FXDO VH XVy SDUD REWHQHUODVFXUYDVGHVHFDGRHQYDULRVJUDQRV\VH GHWHUPLQy HO FRQWHQLGR GH KXPHGDG FRQ VX LQFHUWLGXPEUHDVRFLDGD. '(6$552//2 )XQGDPHQWRVGHOVHFDGRDOYDFtR (OVHFDGRDOYDFtRFRQVLVWHHQUHGXFLUODSUHVLyQGHO PHGLRHQHOTXHVHHQFXHQWUDHOPDWHULDO\FRQHOOR GLVPLQXLU OD WHPSHUDWXUD GH HEXOOLFLyQ OR FXDO SHUPLWH TXH HO DJXD VH HYDSRUH D XQD PHQRU WHPSHUDWXUD(Q OD)LJXUD VHPXHVWUDXQDJUiILFD GHODSUHVLyQGHVDWXUDFLyQGHYDSRUGHDJXDFRQOD WHPSHUDWXUD \ VH PXHVWUD HVTXHPiWLFDPHQWH HO HIHFWRGHUHGXFLUODSUHVLyQ 3K3D W& Fig. 13UHVLyQGHVDWXUDFLyQGHYDSRUGHDJXD 8QD GH ODV H[SUHVLRQHV PDWHPiWLFDV TXH UHODFLRQD D OD SUHVLyQ GH VDWXUDFLyQ GH YDSRU GH DJXD SUHVLyQ GH YDFtR FRQ OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO SXQWR GH HEXOOLFLyQGHODJXDHVWiGDGDHQ>@ ISBN 978-607-96162-9-8 578 § 6 · e(T ) 1Pa x exp ¨ ¦ ai T i 2 a 7 ln T ¸ ©i 0 ¹ 'RQGH H 7 HVWi GDGD HQ 3D \ 7 HQ NHOYLQ DL VRQ FRQVWDQWHV GH OD HFXDFLyQ FX\RV YDORUHV HVWiQ GDGRVHQ>@ /DWUDQVIHUHQFLDGHKXPHGDGHQHOVHFDGRDOYDFtR VHOOHYDDFDERSRUYDULRVPHFDQLVPRVFRPRVRQOD GLIHUHQFLD GH SUHVLyQ OD GLIXVLyQ \ OD HYDSRUDFLyQ /D GLIHUHQFLD GH SUHVLyQ VH SUHVHQWD SRUTXH OD SUHVLyQHQODVXSHUILFLHHVPHQRUTXHODGHOLQWHULRU GHOPDWHULDOGHELGRDOYDFtRDSOLFDGRORTXHSHUPLWH H[WUDHUHODJXDDOUHGXFLUODSUHVLyQHODJXDDOFDQ]D HO SXQWR GH HEXOOLFLyQ D XQD PHQRU WHPSHUDWXUD \ SRU OR WDQWR VH HYDSRUD GH OD VXSHUILFLH HVWR SURYRFD TXH VH SUHVHQWH XQ JUDGLHQWH GH FRQFHQWUDFLyQ HQWUH OD VXSHUILFLH \ HO LQWHULRU SRU WDQWRWDPELpQHOPHFDQLVPRGHGLIXVLyQFRQWULEX\HD ODWUDQVIHUHQFLDGHKXPHGDG>@ (QORVSULPHURVLQVWDQWHVGHOSURFHVRVHHVSHUDXQD YHORFLGDG GH VHFDGR DOWD \D TXH HO DJXD GH OD VXSHUILFLH \ HQ ODV FDSDV FHUFDQDV VH H[WUDH SRU GLIHUHQFLD GH SUHVLyQ \ SRU HYDSRUDFLyQ SRVWHULRUPHQWHODYHORFLGDGVHUHGXFHGHELGRDTXH ORV SRURV LQFUHPHQWDQ OD UHVLVWHQFLD DO IOXMR GH YDSRU&XDQGRVHPLQLPL]DODGLIHUHQFLDGH SUHVLyQ \ GH FRQFHQWUDFLyQ DVt FRPR ORV JUDGLHQWHV GH WHPSHUDWXUD HQ HO PDWHULDO VH DOFDQ]D OD FRQGLFLyQ GHPDVDVHFDGHOPDWHULDO 'DGRTXHHOVHFDGRDO YDFtRVHOOHYDDFDERHQXQ UHFLSLHQWHFHUUDGRORVPHFDQLVPRVGHWUDQVIHUHQFLD GH FDORU TXH SUHGRPLQDQ VRQ OD FRQGXFFLyQ \ OD UDGLDFLyQ VLQ HPEDUJR HQ OD HWDSD LQLFLDO OD FRQYHFFLyQHVWiSUHVHQWHGHELGRDTXHODGLIHUHQFLD GHSUHVLyQSURYRFDXQIOXMRGHYDSRU>@ /D WUDQVIHUHQFLD GH FDORU SRU UDGLDFLyQ VH SUHVHQWD SRU OD UDGLDFLyQ WpUPLFD HPLWLGD SRU XQD IXHQWHTXH SXHGH VHU XQ FDOHIDFWRU HOpFWULFR XQD OiPSDUD GH KDOyJHQR R WXQJVWHQR R XQ PHGLR FDOHQWDGR H[WHUQDPHQWH /D FRQGXFFLyQ VH GHEH SULQFLSDOPHQWH DO FRQWDFWR HQWUH ODV SDUWHV TXH LQWHJUDQ HO PDWHULDO D VHFDU $O LJXDO TXH OD WUDQVIHUHQFLDGHPDVDHQORVSULPHURVLQVWDQWHVVH SUHVHQWDODPD\RUWUDQVIHUHQFLDGHFDORU\VHUHGXFH SDXODWLQDPHQWHKDVWDDOFDQ]DUHOHTXLOLEULR Simposio Metrología, Memorias CENAM Simposio de Metrología 2014 6 - 10 de Octubre, 2014 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________ 'LVHxR\FDUDFWHUL]DFLyQGHVLVWHPDGH VHFDGR 'LVHxRGHVLVWHPD (O VLVWHPD GH VHFDGR HVWi LQWHJUDGR SRU XQ EDxR OtTXLGR GH WHPSHUDWXUD FRQWURODGD XQD FHOGD GH SUXHED YDFtR XQD FHOGD DX[LOLDU XQD ERPED GH YDFtR \ PHGLGRU GH SUHVLyQ GH YDFtR ORV FXDOHV HVWiQ HQVDPEODGRV VHJ~Q VH PXHVWUD HQ OD )LJXUD Fig. 2(VTXHPDGHOVLVWHPDGHVHFDGRDOYDFtR$ EDxROtTXLGR%FHOGDGHYDFtR&PXHVWUD'FHOGD DX[LOLDU ( GHVHFDQWH ) VDOLGD DO PHGLGRU GH SUHVLyQ*VDOLGDDODERPEDGHYDFtR (O VHFDGR VH UHDOL]D DO FRORFDU OD PXHVWUD K~PHGD & HQ OD FHOGD GH SUXHED % OD FXDO VH FRPXQLFD FRQ OD FHOGD DX[LOLDU ' TXH FRQWLHQH XQD PXHVWUD GH GHVHFDQWH ( 3RVWHULRUPHQWH VH FRQHFWDQ HO PHGLGRU GH SUHVLyQ ) \ OD ERPED GH YDFtR * H LQLFLDODRSHUDFLyQGHODERPED (OEDxROtTXLGRGHWHPSHUDWXUDFRQWURODGDXVDDJXD FRPR PHGLR GH WUDEDMR \ WLHQH XQD FDYLGDG SDUD FRQWHQHUDODFHOGDGHVHFDGRSXHGHRSHUDUGHVGH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHODWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHKDVWD &FRQDJXDVLQHPEDUJRSDUDHVWHWUDEDMRHOEDxR VHFDUDFWHUL]yHQHOLQWHUYDORGH&D& /D FHOGD GH SUXHED HVWi IDEULFDGD GH YLGULR GH ERURVLOLFDWR \ WLHQH XQD ORQJLWXG GH FP FRQ XQ GLiPHWUR GH FP HQ XQR GH VXV H[WUHPRV VH HQFXHQWUD FHUUDGD \ HQ HO RWUR WLHQH XQD MXQWD XQLyQ KHPEUD HVPHULODGD GH YLGULR 'XUDQWH HO VHFDGR OD FHOGD HVWi HQ FRQWDFWR FRQ HO PHGLR OtTXLGR GHO EDxR /D WUDQVIHUHQFLD GH FDORU HQWUH HO PHGLR \ OD PXHVWUD HV LQLFLDOPHQWH SRU FRQGXFFLyQ GHO PHGLR KDFLD OD FHOGD GH SUXHED OXHJR SRU UDGLDFLyQ \ FRQGXFFLyQ GH OD FHOGD GH SUXHED D OD PXHVWUD GDGR TXH OD PXHVWUD VH HQFXHQWUD HQ XQ ISBN 978-607-96162-9-8 579 UHFLSLHQWH GH DOXPLQLR SDUWH GH OD UDGLDFLyQ OD DEVRUEHHOUHFLSLHQWH\ODWUDQVILHUHSRUFRQGXFFLyQ DGHPiV OD PXHVWUD WDPELpQ UHFLEH HQHUJtD SRU UDGLDFLyQ \D TXH GXUDQWH HO VHFDGR SDUWH GH OD PXHVWUD VH HQFXHQWUD H[SXHVWD DO PHGLR TXH OD URGHD &RPR VH GHVFULELy OD WUDQVIHUHQFLD SRU FRQYHFFLyQHVSHTXHxDDOLQLFLRGHOVHFDGR /DFHOGDDX[LOLDUVHIDEULFyGHYLGULR GH ERURVLOLFDWR \ FRQWLHQHGHVHFDQWH7LHQHGRV VDOLGDV XQDSDUD FRQHFWDUODERPEDGHYDFtR\ODRWUDSDUDHOPHGLGRU GHSUHVLyQ(OGHVHFDQWHWLHQHODIXQFLyQGHHYLWDUOD FRQGHQVDFLyQGHYDSRUGHDJXDFXDQGRVHDSOLFDHO YDFtR\GHLQFUHPHQWDUODGLIHUHQFLDGHSUHVLyQHQWUH HO YDSRU GH DJXD GH OD PXHVWUD D VHFDU \ HO PHGLR HQ HO TXH VH HQFXHQWUD OR TXH SHUPLWH DFHOHUDU OD GLIXVLyQ GH FRQFHQWUDFLyQ GH KXPHGDG \ UHGXFLU HO WLHPSR GH VHFDGR /DV GLPHQVLRQHV GH OD FHOGD DX[LOLDU VRQ ORQJLWXG GH FP \ GLiPHWUR GH FP HQ XQR GH VXV H[WUHPRV OD FHOGD FRQWLHQH XQD XQLyQ HVPHULODGD PDFKR WLSR PP GH GLiPHWURHQHOH[WUHPRODUJR\FRQXQDORQJLWXGHQ ODSDUWH esmerilada de 50 mm)ODFXDOVHDFRSOD FRQODFHOGDGHSUXHEDGXUDQWHHOVHFDGR (O GLVHxR GH OD FHOGD GH VHFDGR \ OD FHOGD DX[LOLDU VH UHDOL]y GH DFXHUGR D UHFRPHQGDFLRQHV GH OD QRUPD,62>@ /DERPEDGHYDFtRSHUPLWHREWHQHU XQDSUHVLyQGH YDFtRPHQRUDN3DHQPHQRVGHPLQXWRVDHVWH YDORU GH SUHVLyQ OD WHPSHUDWXUD GH HEXOOLFLyQ GHO DJXD HV DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH & SRU OR WDQWR D WHPSHUDWXUDVPD\RUHVGHHVWHYDORUVRQDGHFXDGDV SDUD UHDOL]DU HO VHFDGR (O FRQWURO GH OD SUHVLyQ GH YDFtR VH UHDOL]D GH PDQHUD PDQXDO PHGLDQWH YiOYXODV GH SDVR OR FXDO SHUPLWH UHJXODU OD YHORFLGDGGHHYDFXDFLyQGHODLUH /DPHGLFLyQGHODSUHVLyQGHYDFtRVHUHDOL]yFRQXQ PHGLGRU WLSR %RXUGRQ FRQ UHVROXFLyQ GH PEDU 3D 6H XWLOL]DURQ UHFLSLHQWHV GH DOXPLQLR SDUD FRQWHQHU ODV PXHVWUDV FX\DV GLPHQVLRQHV SHUPLWHQ FRORFDUORVHQODFHOGDGHVHFDGR(QOD)LJXUDVH PXHVWUD XQD IRWRJUDItD GHO VLVWHPD \ GH ORV UHFLSLHQWHVTXHFRQWLHQHQODPXHVWUD Simposio Metrología, Memorias CENAM Simposio de Metrología 2014 6 - 10 de Octubre, 2014 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________ Recipientes p/muestras Fig. 3 6LVWHPD GH VHFDGR DO YDFtR FRQ ORV UHFLSLHQWHVSRUWDPXHVWUD &DUDFWHUL]DFLyQ /D FDUDFWHUL]DFLyQ GHO VLVWHPD VH UHDOL]y HQ GRV HWDSDV OD SULPHUD SDUD HYDOXDU ODV FRQGLFLRQHV GH RSHUDFLyQGHOVLVWHPDGHVHFDGR\ODVHJXQGDSDUD REWHQHU ODV FXUYDV GH VHFDGR GH DOJXQRV JUDQRV \ FHUHDOHV 6LVWHPDGHVHFDGR (QHOEDxRGHWHPSHUDWXUDVHHYDOXyHOWLHPSRHQHO TXH VH DOFDQ]D OD WHPSHUDWXUD VHOHFFLRQDGD \ OD HVWDELOLGDG GH OD PLVPD SDUD OR FXDO VH XVy XQ WHUPyPHWUR GH UHVLVWHQFLD GH SODWLQR \ XQ VLVWHPD GH DGTXLVLFLyQ GH GDWRV /DV PHGLFLRQHV VH UHDOL]DURQHQHOLQWHUYDORGH&D& /DWHPSHUDWXUDGHQWURGHODFHOGDGHYDFtRVHPLGLy FRQ XQ WHUPRSDU WLSR 7 \ XQ PXOWtPHWUR GLJLWDO HO FXDO VH FRPXQLFy D XQD FRPSXWDGRUD SDUD UHDOL]DU OD DGTXLVLFLyQ GH GDWRV FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH 'HELGR D TXH ODV PHGLFLRQHV GH WHPSHUDWXUD GHQWUR GH OD FHOGD GH SUXHED QR VH SXGLHURQ UHDOL]DU HQ FRQGLFLRQHVGHYDFtRHVWDVVHUHDOL]DURQDOFRORFDU HO WHUPRSDU FRQ XQ VHOOR SURYLVLRQDO \ FRQ DLUH GHQWURGHODFiPDUD 3DUD GHWHUPLQDU HO WLHPSR HQ HO TXH VH HQIUtD OD PXHVWUDGHVSXpVGHH[SRQHUODDOVHFDGR\DQWHVGH PHGLU OD PDVD GHO PDWHULDO VH UHDOL]DURQ H[SHULPHQWRVSDUDHYDOXDUHOWLHPSRGHHQIULDPLHQWR GHO UHFLSLHQWH GH DOXPLQLR OR FXDO HV ~WLO SDUD HODERUDUHOSURFHGLPLHQWRGHPHGLFLyQ ISBN 978-607-96162-9-8 580 &XUYDVGHVHFDGR /DVFXUYDVGHVHFDGRVH REWXYLHURQSDUDPXHVWUDV GH PDt] PDt] SDORPHUR DUUR] IULMRO QHJUR IULMRO SLQWR\FHEDGDPDOWHUDDXQDWHPSHUDWXUDGH& \ XQD SUHVLyQ GH YDFtR PHQRU TXH N3D /DV PXHVWUDV VH PROLHURQ SUHYLDPHQWH \ VH XWLOL]DURQ HQWUHJRJSDUDODPHGLFLyQ (O SURFHVR GH PHGLFLyQ FRQVLVWLy HQ PHGLU OD PDVD DQWHV \ GHVSXpV GHO VHFDGR HO FXDO VH UHDOL]y HQ SHULRGRVHVSHFtILFRVGHWLHPSR HQWUHK \K 'HVSXpVGHVHFDUODVPXHVWUDVpVWDVVHFRORFDURQ HQ XQ GHVHFDGRU D WHPSHUDWXUD DPELHQWH SRU XQ SHULRGR GH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH PLQ \ SRVWHULRUPHQWH VH PLGLy OD PDVD VHFD (O SURFHVR VH UHSLWLy KDVWD DOFDQ]DU OD FRQGLFLyQ GH PDVD FRQVWDQWH HQ OD PXHVWUD VHFD (O SURFHVR GH PHGLFLyQVHPXHVWUDHQOD)LJXUD Fig. 40HGLFLyQGHOFRQWHQLGRGHKXPHGDGSRU VHFDGRDOYDFtR (O FRQWHQLGR GH KXPHGDG HQ EDVH K~PHGD VH REWLHQHPHGLDQWHODHFXDFLyQ H >mh ms mR @ x 100 mh 'RQGHPKHVODPDVDGHOPDWHULDOVLQVHFDUPVHVOD PDVD VHFD GHO PDWHULDO P5 HV OD PDVD GHO UHFLSLHQWH Simposio Metrología, Memorias CENAM Simposio de Metrología 2014 6 - 10 de Octubre, 2014 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________ t/°C WLHPSRK /D LQFHUWLGXPEUH SRU HVWDELOLGDG VH FDOFXOy FRQ OD GHVYLDFLyQHVWiQGDUGHODVPHGLFLRQHVGHVSXpVGH DOFDQ]DU HO HTXLOLEULR (O FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GH OD HVWDELOLGDG IXH VLPLODU DO HQFRQWUDGR HQ HO EDxR OtTXLGR (Q OD )LJXUD VH PXHVWUD HO FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GH OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHQWUR GH OD FHOGD GH YDFtR D XQD WHPSHUDWXUD GH SUXHED GH & 8QD SDUWH GH OD JUiILFD LQGLFD TXH OD FHOGD GH YDFtR DOFDQ]D OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO PHGLR HQ PHQRV GH PLQXWRV GHVSXpV GH FRORFDU OD PXHVWUD SRVWHULRUPHQWH OD WHPSHUDWXUDVHHVWDELOL]D 66.8 66.75 66.7 66.65 Fig. 5&RPSRUWDPLHQWRGHODWHPSHUDWXUDHQHO EDxROtTXLGRD& (O WLHPSR \ OD LQFHUWLGXPEUH SRU HVWDELOLGDG VH LQFUHPHQWDQ FXDQGR OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO EDxR DXPHQWD OR FXDO VH GHEH D TXH HO DJXD GHO EDxR OtTXLGR VH HYDSRUD FRQ PD\RU UDSLGH] \ D ODV FRQGLFLRQHVDPELHQWDOHV ISBN 978-607-96162-9-8 581 Estabilidad/°C (VWDELOLGDGGHODWHPSHUDWXUDHQODFHOGDGH YDFtR (Q ODV SUXHEDV SRU HVWDELOLGDG HO UHFLSLHQWH SRUWDPXHVWUD VH FRORFy GHQWUR GH OD FHOGD GH SUXHED \ VH FRORFy XQD WDSD SDUD HYLWDU OD HQWUDGD GH DLUH (O VHQVRU GH WHPSHUDWXUD VH FRORFy HQ HO UHFLSLHQWH SRUWDPXHVWUD SDUD PHGLU OD WHPSHUDWXUD /DV PHGLFLRQHV VH UHDOL]DURQ HQ ORV SXQWRV & &&\&FX\RVUHVXOWDGRVVHPXHVWUDQ HQOD7DEOD Tabla 2(VWDELOLGDGGHODWHPSHUDWXUDGHQWURGHOD FHOGDGHSUXHED W& XWHVWDELOLGDG& t/°C (VWDELOLGDG& /D PDVD VH PLGLy FRQ XQD EDODQ]D DQDOtWLFD FDOLEUDGD FRQ XQ DOFDQFH GH J FRQ UHVROXFLyQ GHPJ\XQDLQFHUWLGXPEUHGHPJ N 5(68/7$'26 5HVXOWDGRV (VWDELOLGDGGHOEDxROtTXLGRGHWHPSHUDWXUD (Q OD 7DEOD VH PXHVWUD HO WLHPSR HQ KRUDV DSUR[LPDGR HQ HO TXH HO EDxR OtTXLGR DOFDQ]D OD WHPSHUDWXUD VHOHFFLRQDGD \ OD LQFHUWLGXPEUH SRU HVWDELOLGDGHQFDGDWHPSHUDWXUD Tabla 1.(VWDELOLGDGGHOEDxROtTXLGR XWHVWDELOLGDG& 3XQWRGH 7LHPSRK PHGLFLyQ& (O YDORU GH XWHVWDELOLGDG VH FDOFXOy FRQ OD GHVYLDFLyQ HVWiQGDUGHODVPHGLFLRQHVGHVSXpVHQFRQGLFLRQHV HVWDEOHV(QOD)LJXUDVHPXHVWUDXQDJUiILFDGHO FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GH OD WHPSHUDWXUD HQ HO EDxR OtTXLGR D & \ XQD JUiILFD GH OD HVWDELOLGDG GH WHPSHUDWXUD 66.6 tiempo/h Fig. 6&RPSRUWDPLHQWRGHODWHPSHUDWXUDGHQWURGH ODFHOGDGHYDFtR $GLFLRQDOPHQWH HQ OD )LJXUD VH PXHVWUD HO FRPSRUWDPLHQWR GH OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHVSXpV GH HVWDELOL]DUVH Simposio Metrología, Memorias CENAM Simposio de Metrología 2014 6 - 10 de Octubre, 2014 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________ SDUDPDt] \KSDUDDUUR]6HFRQVLGHUyTXHVH DOFDQ]yPDVDFRQVWDQWHFXDQGRHQGRVPHGLFLRQHV FRQVHFXWLYDV UHDOL]DGDV HQ K HO FDPELR GH PDVD QR HV PD\RU TXH OD LQFHUWLGXPEUH GH OD EDODQ]D (Q ODV ILJXUDV \ VH SUHVHQWDQ ODV FXUYDV GH VHFDGR SDUD PXHVWUDV GH IULMRO QHJUR IULMRO SLQWR \ FHEDGD PDOWHUD /RV WLHPSRV GH VHFDGR SDUD IULMRO QHJUR\SLQWRVRQVLPLODUHV DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHK frijol negro frijol pinto Fig. 7 &XUYD GH HQIULDPLHQWR GH XQ UHFLSLHQWH GHVSXpVGHHVWDUH[SXHVWRDOYDFtR &XUYDVGHVHFDGR 6H REWXYLHURQ FXUYDV GH VHFDGR GH PXHVWUDV GH PDt]PDt]SDORPHURDUUR]IULMROQHJURIULMROSLQWR\ FHEDGD PDOWHUD (Q OD )LJXUD VH SUHVHQWDQ ODV FXUYDV GH VHFDGR SDUD PXHVWUDV GH PDt] PDt] SDORPHUR\DUUR] PDL] PDL]SDORPHUR DUUR] 0 50 100 150 WLHPSRK 200 250 WLHPSRK Fig. 8&XUYDVGHVHFDGRGHPXHVWUDVGHPDt] PDt]SDORPHUR\DUUR] (Q OD )LJXUD VH REVHUYD TXH ORV WLHPSRV GH VHFDGRIXHURQGHKSDUDPDt]SDORPHURK ISBN 978-607-96162-9-8 tiempo/h Fig. 9 &XUYDV GH VHFDGR GH PXHVWUDV GH IULMRO QHJUR (Q ODV PXHVWUDV GH IULMRO SLQWR VH REVHUYDQ XQDV RVFLODFLRQHV OR FXDO VH GHEH D TXH ODV PXHVWUDV VHFDVDEVRUELHURQDJXDGHODPELHQWHGHOODERUDWRULR GHELGR D TXH OD EDODQ]D PRVWUy SUREOHPDV SDUD HVWDELOL]DUVH /DV PXHVWUDV GH FHEDGD PDOWHUD VH HVWDELOL]DURQ D DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH K (Q ODV SULPHUDV K VH YDSRUL]yODPD\RUFDQWLGDGGHDJXDSRVWHULRUPHQWH HOVHFDGRVHUHDOL]yFRQPD\RUOHQWLWXG + WLHPSRK + H/% W& H/% (QIULDPLHQWRGHUHFLSLHQWHSRUWDPXHVWUD /DFXUYDGHHQIULDPLHQWRGHXQUHFLSLHQWHGHVSXpV GHHVWDUH[SXHVWRHQODFHOGDGHVHFDGR\FRORFDUVH DODPELHQWHVHPXHVWUDHQOD)LJXUD(OWLHPSRHQ HO TXH HO UHFLSLHQWH VH HQIUtD HV DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH PLQXWRV HO FXDO HV HO WLHPSR HQ HO TXH ODV PXHVWUDV VH GHEHQ PDQWHQHU HQ HO GHVHFDGRU GHVSXpVGHOVHFDGR 582 Fig. 10&XUYDVGHVHFDGRGHPXHVWUDVGHFHEDGD PDOWHUD 3DUD ORV JUDQRV PHGLGRV ODV FXUYDV GH VHFDGR PXHVWUDQ TXH HQ ODV SULPHUDV KRUDV VH H[WUDH OD PD\RU FDQWLGDG GH DJXD SRVWHULRUPHQWH OD Simposio Metrología, Memorias CENAM Simposio de Metrología 2014 6 - 10 de Octubre, 2014 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________ YHORFLGDG GH VHFDGR VH UHGXFH KDVWD TXH VH DOFDQ]DODFRQGLFLyQGHPDVDFRQVWDQWH (VWLPDFLyQGHODLQFHUWLGXPEUH /DHVWLPDFLyQGHODLQFHUWLGXPEUHVHUHDOL]yVREUHOD EDVH GH OD *80 >@ GH GRQGH VH REWXYR OD HFXDFLyQ 2 uH / % 2 2 § wH · 2 § wH · 2 § wH · 2 ¨ ¸ ¨ ¸ ¸ ¨ ¨ m ¸ u mh ¨ m ¸ u ms ¨ m ¸ u mR © R¹ © h¹ © s ¹ 'RQGHXPKHVODLQFHUWLGXPEUHGHODPDVDK~PHGD XPVHVODLQFHUWLGXPEUHGHODPDVDVHFDXP5HVOD LQFHUWLGXPEUHGHODPDVDGHOUHFLSLHQWH /RV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV SDUD ORV JUDQRV XWLOL]DGRV VHSUHVHQWDQHQOD7DEOD Tabla 3,QFHUWLGXPEUHHVWLPDGDSRUHOPpWRGRGH VHFDGRDOYDFtR + X+ 7LSRGHJUDQR 0Dt] 0Dt]SDORPHUR $UUR] )ULMROQHJUR )ULMROSLQWR &HEDGDPDOWHUD /DPD\RUFRQWULEXFLyQ GH ODLQFHUWLGXPEUHHVWiQGDU FRPELQDGD IXH GHELGD D OD UHSHWLELOLGDG GH ODV PHGLFLRQHV GH OD PDVD VHFD PLHQWUDV TXH ODGHPHQRUFRQWULEXFLyQGHGHELGDDPDVDK~PHGD /RVYDORUHVGHLQFHUWLGXPEUHPRVWUDGRVHQOD7DEOD IXHURQFDOFXODGRVFRQXQIDFWRUGHFREHUWXUD N 'H ORV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV VH REVHUYD TXH HO VLVWHPD SXHGH XVDUVH SDUD OD FDOLEUDFLyQ GH PHGLGRUHV FRPHUFLDOHV GH FRQWHQLGR GH KXPHGDG HQ JUDQRV FX\DV LQFHUWLGXPEUHV JHQHUDOPHQWH VH HQFXHQWUDQ HQWUH \ HQ FRQWHQLGR GH KXPHGDG &21&/86,21(6 6H GHVDUUROOy XQ VLVWHPD GH VHFDGR DO YDFtR SDUD GHWHUPLQDU HO FRQWHQLGR GH KXPHGDG HQ YDULRV PDWHULDOHV VyOLGRV HO FXDO VH FDUDFWHUL]y HQ HO LQWHUYDORGH&D&\DXQDSUHVLyQPHQRUGH N3D (O VLVWHPD HVWi LQWHJUDGR SRU XQ EDxR OtTXLGRXQDFHOGDGHVHFDGR\XQDFHOGDDX[LOLDU ISBN 978-607-96162-9-8 583 /DFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQSHUPLWLyGHWHUPLQDUODHVWDELOLGDG GH OD WHPSHUDWXUD GHO EDxR OtTXLGR GH OD FHOGD GH VHFDGR DVt FRPR HO WLHPSR GH HQIULDPLHQWR UHTXHULGRSDUDUHDOL]DUODVPHGLFLRQHVGHFRQWHQLGR GHKXPHGDG 6HREWXYLHURQFXUYDVGHVHFDGRHQJUDQRVGHPDt] PDt] SDORPHUR DUUR] IULMRO QHJUR IULMRO SLQWR \ FHEDGD PDOWHUD D XQD WHPSHUDWXUD GH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH&HQPXHVWUDVPROLGDV /RV JUDQRV TXH PD\RU WLHPSR UHTXLHUHQ SDUD VHFDUVHVRQHOPDt]EODQFR\HOPDt]SDORPHURORV FXDOHV UHTXLHUHQ HQWUH K \ K /D FHEDGD PDOWHUD VH VHFy HQ DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH K \ HV OD TXHPHQRVWLHPSRGHVHFDGRUHTXLHUH )LQDOPHQWH VH UHDOL]y OD HVWLPDFLyQ GH OD LQFHUWLGXPEUH GH ORV JUDQRV PHGLGRV \ VH REWXYR XQDLQFHUWLGXPEUHHVWiQGDUPHQRUGH N HQFRQWHQLGRGHKXPHGDGSDUDORVJUDQRVPHGLGRV (VWD LQFHUWLGXPEUH HV VXILFLHQWH SDUD XWLOL]DU HO VLVWHPDHQODFDOLEUDFLyQGHPHGLGRUHVFRPHUFLDOHV GH FRQWHQLGR GH KXPHGDG HQ JUDQRV ORV FXDOHV WLHQHQ LQFHUWLGXPEUHV GHO RUGHQ GH HQ FRQWHQLGRGHKXPHGDG &RQWULEXFLRQHV (QULTXH 0DUWLQHV/ 5HDOL]yHO GLVHxR \ FRQVWUXFFLyQ GHO VLVWHPDUHDOL]yODVPHGLFLRQHVHODQiOLVLVGHUHVXOWDGRV \ODHVFULWXUD /HRQHO /LUD & $SRUWy LGHDV SDUD OD FDUDFWHUL]DFLyQ GHO VLVWHPD\DSR\yHQODHVFULWXUD\FRUUHFFLyQGHODUWt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imposio Metrología, Memorias CENAM Simposio de Metrología 2014 6 - 10 de Octubre, 2014 ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________ >@ 9, 0DODU\RY 50 3URVNXU\DNRY $QDO\VLV RI KHDW DQG PDVV WUDQVIHU LQ V\VWHPV RI G\QDPLF WKHUPRYDFXXP K\GURPHWU\ -RXUQDO RI (QJLQHHULQJ 3K\VLFV DQG 7KHUPRSK\VLFV YRO 1RSS >@ ,62 &HUHDOV DQG FHUHDO SURGXFWV 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ RI PRLVWXUH FRQWHQW5HIHUHQFH PHWKRG >@ ,62 0DL]H'HWHUPLQDWLRQ RI PRLVWXUH FRQWHQW RQ PLOOHG JUDLQV DQG RQ ZKROHJUDLQV >@ ,62 ( &HUHDOV DQG FHUHDO SURGXFWV 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ RI PRLVWXUH FRQWHQW EDVLFUHIHUHQFHPHWKRG >@ ,62*UHHQFRIIHH'HWHUPLQDWLRQRI WKHPRLVWXUH EDVLFUHIHUHQFHPHWKRG >@ ,&& VWDQGDUG UHYLVHG 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ RI WKH PRLVWXUH FRQWHQW RI FHUHDOV DQG FHUHDO SURGXFWV %DVLF UHIHUHQFH PHWKRG >@ $2$& ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 0HWKRG E 2IILFLDO 0HWKRGV RI $QDO\VLV RI $2$& ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 'HWHUPLQDWLRQRI0RLVWXUH&RQWHQW >@ 5 +DUG\ ,76 IRUPXODWLRQV IRU YDSRXU SUHVVXUH IURVW SRLQW WHPSHUDWXUH GHZSRLQW WHPSHUDWXUH DQG HQKDQFHPHQW IDFWRUV LQ WKH UDQJHG WR & 3URFHHGLQJV RI 7KLUG ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6\PSRVLXP RI +XPLGLW\ DQG 0RLVWXUHYROSS >@ -&*0 *80 ZLWK PLQRU FRUUHFWLRQV (YDOXDWLRQ RI PHDVXUHPHQW GDWD *XLGH WR WKH H[SUHVVLRQ RI XQFHUWDLQW\ LQ PHDVXUHPHQW ILUVW HGLWLRQ 6HSWHPEHU -&*0 ISBN 978-607-96162-9-8 View publication stats 584 Simposio Metrología, Memorias CENAM