lOMoARcPSD|17311720 Pdf-hornos-de-combustion compress Termodinámica Aplicada (Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann) StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Heyner Aquino ([email protected]) lOMoARcPSD|17311720 JDVLDY @M IDKF]YPHÙL Cmlmrngh`n`ms ]l jdrld sm `mehlm idkd ul mquhpd `dl`m sm cmlmrn ingdr, mg iung sm dfthmlm `m gn rmniihùl `m idkfusthùl, cmlmrngkmltm `m idkfusthfgms gëquh`ds d cnsmdsds idl mg dxëcmld. Ml mg jdrld gds cnsms `m idkfusthùl diupnl gn knydr pnrtm `mg vdgukml `mg jdrld. Gds jdrlds pdsmml uln d vnrhns iîknrns edrkn`ns pdr uln smrhm `m tufmrëns d smrpmlthlms pdr iuyd hltmrhdr ihriugn mg eguh`d qum sm `msmn ingmltnr idl mg ingdr qum sm cmlmrn ml gn idkfusthùl. N gds jdrlds tnkfhèl sm gms `mldkhln ingmltn`drms. Yhl mkfnrcd, gn pngnfrn ingmltn`drms tnkfhèl sm mkpgmn pnrn `mldkhlnr n gds hltmrinkfhn`drms `m ingdr. Gn `hemrmlihn fîshin `m ul jdrld idl gds hltmrinkfhn`drms `m ingdr ms qum mg jdrld pdsmm mquhpds `m eumcd ml su hltmrhdr y gds hltmrinkfhn`drms `m ingdr ld gds pdsmml. Ymiih Ymiihdlms dlms ` `mg mg jdrld jdr ld? Mg jdrld idlstn `m `ds smiihdlms prhlihpngms? Ymiihù Ymiihùl l `m rn`hnihùl rn`hnihùl?? Ml mstn smiihùl gn mlmrc mlmrcën ën vhnon ml edrkn `m dl`ns rn`hnl rn`hnltms tms `ms`m gds qumkn`drms jnstn gds tufds pdr `dl`m eguym mg eguh`d n ingmltnr. Ml mstn smiihùl ms `dl`m sm trnlsehmrm gn knydr inlth`n` `m ingdr. Gn knydrën `m gds jdrlds sdl `hsmþn`ds pnrn trnlsemrhr 31 % `mg ingdr tdtng pdr rn`hnihùl y 91 % pdr idlvmiihùl. Mg noustm idrrmitd `m nhrm ml mximsd ng jdrld y gn idl`hihùl `m gds tufds `mg jdrld sdl enitdrms ml gn dftmlihùl `m mehihmlihn ngtn `mg jdrld ml gn smiihùl `m rn`hnihùl. Mg noustm idrrmitd `mg nhrm ml mximsd jnim pdshfgm gn dftmlihùl `m gn tmkpmrnturn kîs ngtn pdshfgm `m gn ggnkn y gn ld edrknihùl `m hlirustnihdlms y `mpùshtds ml gds tufds. Ymiihùl `m Idlvmiihùl? Mg trnspnsd `m ingdr pdr idlvmiihùl diurrm iunl`d gds cnsms inghmltms `m idkfusthùl `nl su ingdr n gds cnsms erëds qum mstîl ngrm`m`dr `m gns pnrm`ms `m gds tufds ml mg jdrld. Ml gn smiihùl `m idlvmiihùl `m gds jdrlds sm nprdvmijn gn mlmrcën `m gds cnsms inghmltms qum vnl nsiml`hml`d pdr qum sm vnl mlerhnl`d pnrn prmingmltnr gn inrcn nltms qum ggmcum n gn smiihùl `m rn`hnihùl. Gn inlth`n` `m mlmrcën trnlsemrh`n pdr idlvmiihùl `mpml`m `m gds shcuhmltms enitdrms? - Gn `h `hemr emrmli mlihn hn `m tmk tmkpmr pmrntur nturnn mltrm mltrm gds cnsms cnsms inghmlt inghmltms ms y gns inp inpns ns `m cnsms cnsms mst mstnli nlin`d n`dss ngrm`m`dr `m gds tufds. Iunltn kîs `hemrmlihn mxhstn, sm trnlskhtm kîs mlmrcën. - Gn vmgdi vmgdih`n h`n` ` `m gds cnsms cnsms.. Iunltn Iunltn kî kîss ngtn ms ggnn vmgdih` vmgdih`n`, n`, kî kîss trnl trnlsemr semrmli mlihn hn diurrm diurrm.. > Downloaded by Heyner Aquino ([email protected]) lOMoARcPSD|17311720 Kminlhskd `m trnlsemrmlihn `m ingdr pdr idl`uiihùl ml gds jdrlds? Gn trnlsemrmlihn `m ingdr n trnvès `m gn pnrm` kmtîghin `mg tufd jnihn gn sustnlihn qum eguym pdr su hltmrhdr ms pdr mg kminlhskd `m idl`uiihùl. idl`uiihùl. Mg ingdr eguym `ms`m gn pnrm` mxtmrln `mg tufd, n trnvès `mg kmtng, jnihn gn pnrm` hltmrln. Ml gn pnrm` hltmrln mg gëquh`d jnim idltnitd idl gn supmrehihm inghmltm y sm inghmltn y ml mg eguh`d gn trnlsemrmlihn `m ingdr sm `n pdr mg p pnsd nsd `m mlmrcën `m kdgèiugns ml kdgèiugns. Idkpdlmltms `mg Jdrld? Idfmrturn y knrid mstruiturng? Ldrkngkmltm gn pnrm` mxtmrln `mg jdrld ms idlstruh`n idl gîkhlns `m nimrd. Gn mstruiturn kmtîghin prdvmm gns enihgh`n`ms pnrn mg knlmod `m gn inrcn gd iung pmrkhtm gn mxpnlshùl gntmrng y vmrthing `m td`ns gns pnrtms `mg jdrld. Gn mstruiturn tnkfhèl sdpdrtn gds smrpmlthlms `m edrkn hl`mpml`hmltm n gds rmernitnrhds. Vmernitnrhds? Gn idfmrturn kmtîghin mstî rmiufhmrtn hltmrlnkmltm idl kntmrhngms nhsgnltms, gns iu iung ngms ms prmv prmvhm hmlm lml l mg sdfr sdfrmi ming ngml mltnk tnkhm hmlt ltd d `m `mgg kmtn kmtngg y pm pmrk rkht html ml knlt knltml mlmr mr gn iîk iîknrn nrn `m idkfusthùl n ngtns tmkpmrnturns. N`mkîs mg nhsgnkhmltd hltmrld prmvhmlm gns pèr`h`ns `m ingdr y eulihdln idkd uln fnrrmrn pnrn prmvmlhr gn idrrdshùl `mg kmtng `m gn idfmrturn. Gds thpds `m nhsgnltms qum sm pum`ml usnr ml gds jdrlds sm ignshehinl ml trms crnl`ms crupds? .- Gn`rhggds rmernitnrhds nhsgnltms. Mstds gn`rhggds sm enfrhinl km`hnltm gn idkfusthùl `m `m nsmrrël, idqum y nrihggns rmernitnrhns idl ul ngtd pdrimltnom `m ngÿkhln. Gns tmkpmrnturns `m trnfnod n gns iungms sm pum`ml sdpdrtnr mstds gn`rhggds mstîl ml mg rnlcd mltrm >511 y 6:11 ¿E. .- Vmern Vmernit itnrh nrhds ds np npgh ghin in`d `dss km`h km`hnl nltm tm mg kètd kètd`d `d `m `mgg vn vnihn ihn`d `d?? Ml nq nqum umgg ggds ds jd jdrl rlds ds qu qumm sm mlsnkfgnl mlsnkfgnl ml edrkn kd`ugn kd`ugnr, r, mg usd `m gn`rhggds gn`rhggds ms ghkhtn` ghkhtn`d. d. Mstm kètd`d kètd`d idlshstm idlshstm ml uthghzn uthghznrr uln kmzign `m gukhln- jny`htn vmrkhiughtn (GJU). Mstn kmzign ms `m fnod idstd y `m ul idmehihmltm `m mxpnlshùl ngtd y sm npghin km`hnltm ul rdihn`d idl phstdgn lmukîthin. .- Ehfrns imrîkhins usn`ns idkd nhsgnltm tèrkhid. Nitungkmltm sdl gns qum kns sm usnl. Mstds edrrds edrrds idlshstml ml vnrhns inpns? gn inpn `mg gn`d inghml inghmltm tm n fnsm `m ehfrn `m imrîkhin y vnrhns inpns `m kntmrhng `m npdyd d sdpdrtm. Gn prhlihpng vmltnon `m usnr ehfrns imrîkhins idkd 6 Downloaded by Heyner Aquino ([email protected]) lOMoARcPSD|17311720 nhsgnltms mstî ml qum su pmsd ms rmgnthvnkmltm ghvhnld. Qdr gd tnltd sm rmquhmrm kmlds nimrd pnrn sdpdrtnr mstns ehfrns. Dtrn `m gns vmltnons ms gn rnph`mz idl gn qum sm pum`m uthghznr, ms `mihr ld rmquhmrml pmrhd`ds `m iurn lh `m smin`d. Ld dfstnltm, gn ehfrn `m imrîkhin pdsmm uln pdrdsh`n` knydr qum gn `m gds dtrds nhsgnltms. Qdr mstn rnzùl idl mg ehl `m prmvmlhr idrrdshùl `mg nimrd ms `msmnfgm prdvmmr gn ehfrn idl rmvmsthkhmltd hltmrld. Mstd mvhtn mg pnsm `m cnsms n trnvès `mg nhsgnltm. Ymrpmlthlms? Ydl gds idkpdlmltms `m knydr hkpdrtnlihn ml gn hlstngnihùl `m ul jdrld y sdl gds qum kns hleguyml ml mg idstd tdtng `mg jdrld. Qdr gd cmlmrng mg smrpmltël mstî edrkn`d pdr uln smrhm `m tufds qum mstîl idlmitn`ds ml smrhm km`hnltm iurvnturns `m rmtdrld `m >:1 crn`ds. Iunl`d gds tufds sm dfstruyml sm `mfm npghinr uln kmtd`dgdcën `m ghkphmzn, qum idlshstm ml jnimr pnsnr pdr gds tufds uln kmzign `m vnpdr `m nhrm n ngtn vmgdih`n`. Pnkfhèl sm pum`m usnr uln idrrhmltm `m cns n ngtn vmgdih`n` gn iung hkpugsn uln kntmrhng nfrnshvd. Mg thmk thmkpd pd `m vh vh`n `n ÿt ÿthg hg `m `mpm pml` l`mm `m gn gnss np npgh ghini inihd hdlms lms pn pnrt rthi hiug ugnr nrms ms `m in ingm gmlt ltnk nkhml hmltd td.. Gn dfstruiihùl `m gds tufds jnim qum mg jdrld phmr`n mehihmlihn, mstns dfstruiihdlms jniml qum gn tmkpmrnturn ml gn pnrm` `mg tufd smn knydr, gd qum pum`m drhchlnr qum gds tufds enggml pdr tml tmlshù shùl l tèr tèrkhin khin.. Pnk Pnkfhè fhèl l ms eul eul`nk `nkmlt mltng ng tdk tdknr nr ml iumltn iumltn gns vnrhni vnrhnihdl hdlms ms irë irëthi thins ns `m gns tmlshdlms kmiîlhins y tèrkhins qum sm prd`uiml ng hlhihd y ng ehlng `m ul ihigd `m dpmrnihùl `mg jdrld, yn qum mstns tmlshdlms hlhihngms y ehlngms pum`ml smr `m uln knclhtu` supmrhdr n gns tmlshdlms dpmrnihdlngms mstnfhghzn`ns. Qdr dtrn pnrtm mg km`hd ml mg iung dpmrn gn tufmrën hleguym nprmihnfgmkmltm ml gn vh`n ÿthg `m gds tufds `mfh`d n gn dxh`nihùl d idrrdshùl `m gn tufmrën. Qdr mstn rnzùl sh sm prmvè ul km`hd idrrdshvd smvmrd sm `mfml smgmiihdlnr tufds `m ngtn rmshstmlihn n gn dxh`nihùl y n gn edrknihùl `m msinkns. Gds kntmrhngms n`miun`ds pnrn gn enfrhinihùl `m gds tufds ml eulihùl `m gns tmkpmrnturns `m trnfnod sdl? Nimrd ng inrfdld, ngmnihdlms `m Inrfùl Kdghf`mld, d Irdkd Kdghf`mld , y Irdkd Lëqumg Kdghf`mld , ml `hemrmltms prdpdrihdlms. ^umkn`drms? ^umkn`drms? Ydl `hspd `hspdshthvd shthvdss `dl`m `dl`m sm kmzign mg id idkfust kfusthfgm hfgm y mg nh nhrm rm y sm prd`ui prd`uimm gn idkfusthùl. Mxhstml qumkn`drms pnrn idkfusthfgms cnsmdsds y idkfusthfgms gëquh`ds. Gds qumkn`drms `m Cns sm eul`nkmltnl ml gn mlmrcën ihlèthin `hspdlhfgm `m gn mxpnlshùl m xpnlshùl `m ul cns idkfusthfgm n trnvès `m ul drhehihd sm usn pnrn hlsphrnr y kmzignrsm idl mg nhrm `m idkfusthùl nltms `m qumknrsm. Ml gds gds qumk qumkn` n`dr drms ms `m Gë Gëqu quh` h`d, d, mg gë gëqu quh` h`d d `mfm `mfm smr smr nt ntdk dkhz hzn` n`d d ml cdtn cdtnss `m tn tnkn knþd þd khirdkètrhid, gd qum pmrkhtm ul hlirmkmltd `m gn rmgnihùl `m supmrehihm `m knsn gn iung pmrkhtm uln vnpdrhznihùl y ul ingmltnkhmltd mxtrmkn`nkmltm rîph`d. Ijhkmlmns? sdl gds `hspdshthvds n trnvès `m gn iung sm `msinrcnl `mg jdrld gds cnsms `m idkfu idkfusthùl sthùl.. @mfml smr `hsmþn`ns `hsmþn`ns pnrn trnfnonr mltrm ul 91 % y ul >91 % `mg `hsmþd. Iunl Iunl`d `d gds cnsms sm `msinrc `msinrcnl nl n ngtn ngtnss tmk tmkpmr pmrntur nturns ns sm `mfml `mfml prmvmr prmvmr rmv rmvmsth msthkhm khmltd ltdss pnr pnrnn mvhtnr mvhtnr gn idrrdshùl. Khmltrns kns ngtn ms gn ijhkmlmn gn prmshùl `m `msinrcn ms kmldr. Gns tmkpmrnturns `m gn gnss ij ijhk hkml mlmns mns mstî mstîl l prm` prm`mt mtmrk mrkhl hln` n`ns ns,, pd pdrr gd tn tnlt ltd d lh lhvm vmgm gmss nl nldr drkn kngm gmss eumrn eumrn `m gn gnss tmkpmrnturns `m `hsmþd `mfml smr hlvmsthcn`ds, Yh mg hlirmkmltd ms crn`ung shclhehin qum gn trnlsemrmlihn `m ingdr ml gn smiihùl `m idlvmiihùl mstî `hskhluyml`d `mfh`d n hlirustnihdlms mxtmrlns ml gds tufds. ]l nukmltd frusid pmrd pmqumþd pum`m smr `mfh`d n ul hlirmkmltd ml mg mximsd `m nhrm. ]l hlirmkmltd nldrkng mgmvn`d pum`m pum`m diurrhr pdr gn idkfusthùl ml gn smiihùl `m idlvmiihùl `m cnsms pnrihngkmltm qumkn`ds. 9 Downloaded by Heyner Aquino ([email protected]) lOMoARcPSD|17311720 Ggnkn? Yh gn ggnkn ms `m ul idgdr fgnlid hlinl`msimltm y gns pnrm`ms `mg jdrld sdl ignrnkmltm vhshfgms n trnvès `m mggn, ms hl`hinthvd `m ul ngtd pdrimltnom `m nhrm ml mximsd. N km`h`n qum mg mximsd sm rm`uim mg idgdr `m gn ggnkn sm jnim nknrhggd pîgh`d, gumcd idgdr lnrnlon nknrhggmltd y kîs tnr`m rdod nlnrnlon`d. Ml cmlmrng, idl uln hlstngnihùl dpmrnl`d mehihmltmkmltm y idl ul këlhkd `m nhrm ml mximsd, gds mxtrmkds `m gn ggnkn kîs ngmon`ds `mg qumkn`dr sdl `m idgdr lnrnlon nknrhggmltd idl ul knthz `drn`d. Gn prmsmlihn `m ggnkns gnrcns y frukdsns qum ijdinl idl gds tufds ms hl`hihd `m uln idkfusthùl pdfrm. Ignshehinihùl `m gds Jdrlds ml eulihùl `mg Phrd? Jny uln ignshehinihùl ignshehinihùl `m gds jdrlds ml eulihùl `mg kètd`d pnrn hlymitn hlymitnrr mg nhrm y gn edrkn `m rmthrnr gds cnsms `m idkfusthùl. Mg Phrd ms gn `hemrmlihn mltrm gn prmshùl `mg jdrld y gn prmshùl `mg nkfhmltm. Mstm thrd d `hemrmlihn `m prmshùl ms inusn`d pdr gn `hemrmlihn `m pmsd mltrm gn idgukln vmrthing `m cnsms inghmltms `m idkfusthùl y uln idgukln `m nhrm ntkdseèrhid `m gn khskn ngturn y kîs erëd. Mstn `hemrmlihn `m prmshùl inusn mg mkpuom `mg nhrm erëd n gds qumkn`drms y gn sngh`n `m gds cnsms inghmltms ml gn ijhkmlmn. Jdrlds `m Phrd Lnturng? Ms iunl`d mg nhrm mltrn ng jdrld `m knlmrn lnturng pdr memitd `m gn `hemrmlihn `m prmshùl mltrm mg jdrld (-) y mg nkfhmltm (+). Jdrlds `m Phrd hl`uih`d? Hlidrpdrn n`hihdlngkmltm n gn ijhkmlmn ul vmlthgn`dr d mxtrnitdr pnrn `msngdonr gds cnsms `m idkfusthùl y knltmlmr uln prmshùl lmcnthvn `mltrd `mg jdrld, hl`uihml`d `m mstn knl knlmrn mrn gn mltrn`n `mg nhrm y gn rmkdihùl `m gds cnsms `m idkfusthùl. idkfusthùl. Jdrlds `m Phrd Edrzn`d? ms nqumg ml mg qum mg nhrm ms sukhlhstrn`d pdr uln prmshùl pdshthvn km`hnltm ul vmlthgn`dr. Ms hkpdrtnltm `mstninr qum nÿl idl mg nhrm sukhlhstrn`d pdr uln prmshùl pdshthvn, gn iîknrn `m idkfusthùl y td`ns gns pnrtms `mg jdrld sdl knltmlh`ns fnod uln prmshùl lmcnthvn y gds cnsms `m idkfusthùl sdl rmkdvh`ds pdr memitd `m gn ijhkmlmn. Jdrlds `m Phrd Edrzn`d/Hl`uih`d? mstds jdrlds uthghznl ul vmlthgn`dr `m thrd edrzn`d pnrn sukhl sukhlhstrnr hstrnr mg nhrm `m idkfu idkfusthùl, sthùl, fnod prmshùl pdshthvn pdshthvn y ul vmlthgn`dr vmlthgn`dr `m thrd hl`uih`d hl`uih`d pnrn knltmlmr gn iîknrn `m idkfusthùl y gns dtrns pnrtms `mg jdrld fnon prmshùl lmcnthvn y rmkdvmr gds cnsms `m idkfusthùl. Dpmrnihùl `mg Jdrld? Mg prdpùshtd `mg jdrld ms trnlsemrhr ingdr gd kîs mehihmltmkmltm pdshfgm, `ms`m gds qumkn`drms jnstn gn nghkmltnihùl qum pnsn pdr gds tufds. Ml gn smiihùl rn`hnltm gds tufds sm inghmltnl pdr gn nfsdrihùl `m gns dl`ns `m ingdr, pdr gd tnltd, gds tufds `mfml mstnr idgdin`ds `hrmitnkmltm ng erm ermlt ltmm `m gds gds qu qumk mkn` n`dr drms. ms. Ml gn smii smiihù hùl l `m id idlv lvmi miihù ihùl l mg in ingd gdrr sm trnls trnlseh ehmrm mrm `m `ms` s`mm gd gdss qumkn`drms jnihn gds tufds km`hnltm uln idrrhmltm `m cnsms inghmltms `m idkfusthùl. Gds cnsms `m idkfusthùl idkfusthùl cmlmrn`ds cmlmrn`ds ml gn pnrtm hlemrhdr `mg jdrld sdl kîs ghvhnlds qum mg nhrm erhd shtun`ds ml gn pnrtm supmrhdr, pdr gd tnltd, thml`ml n sufhr ml uln idrrhmltm pdr idlvmiihùl, ingmltnl`d gds tufds supmrhdrms. Qdr gd tnltd, gn smiihùl `m idlvmiihùl ms gn smiihùl `m gn pnrtm supmrhdr `mg jdrld. Ng ingmltnrsm gn supmrehihm mxtmrln `m gds tufds tufds sm mstnfgmim mstnfgmim ul crn`hmltm crn`hmltm `m tmkpmrnturn tmkpmrnturn mltrm gn pnrtm mxtmrln y gn hltmrln, pdr gd tnltd, jnfrî uln trnlsemrmlihn `m ingdr `ms`m mg mxtmrhdr `m gds tufds jnihn mg hltmrhdr `m gds khskds. Gn trnlsemrmlihn `m ingdr jnihn gn sustnlihn sm rmnghzn 0 Downloaded by Heyner Aquino ([email protected]) lOMoARcPSD|17311720 km`hnltm mg pnsd `m mlmrcën `m kdgèiugns ml kdgèiugns. Ng nukmltnr gn tmkpmrnturn `m gn nghkmltnihùl sm mstnfgmim uln idrrhmltm pdr idlvmiihùl ml gn nghkmltnihùl. Mstn idrrhmltm `m idlvmiihùl pum`m smr gmltn, idlsmiumltmkmltm gn trnlsemrmlihn `m ingdr ml mg smld `m gn nghkmltnihùl tnkfhèl smrî gmltn. Yh sm nukmltn gn vmgdih`n` `m gn nghkmltnihùl pnrn nginlznr ul eguod turfugmltd sm pmrkhtm uln rîph`n kmzign, `m mstm kd`d, pdr kmzign`d rîph`d, nukmltn mg ingdr trnlsemrh`d pdr mg prdimsd `m idlvmiihùl ml mg smld `m gn nghkmltnihùl. Qèr`h`n ml gds Jdrlds? Gn mehihmlihn mehihmlihn `m ul jdrld ms gn rmgnihùl mltrm mg ingdr nfsdrfh`d nfsdrfh`d d trnlsem trnlsemrh`d rh`d y mg ingdr `m idkfus idkfusthù thùl l `mg idkfu idkfusthf sthfgm. gm. Gn `he `hemrm mrmlihn lihn mltrm mltrm mg ingdr ingdr nfsdrf nfsdrfh`d h`d y mg ingdr ingdr cmlmrn cmlmrn`d `d rmprmsmltn gns pèr`h`ns gns iungms sdl? Qèr`h`n dinshdln`n pdr gn prmsmlihn `m jukm`n` ml mg idkfusthfgm? Pd`n gn jukm`n` prmsmltm ml mg idkfusthfgm smrî ingmltn`n `ms`m gn tmkpmrnturn nkfhmltm jnstn gn tmkpmrnturn `m gds cnsms `m idkfusthùl. Mstn pmr`h`n sumgm smr s mr kuy crnl`m ml mg insd `m idkfusthfgms sùgh`ds qum pmrknlmiml ngknimln`ds ml gn hltmkpmrhm. Qèr`h`n dinshdln`n pdr jukm`n` ml mg nhrm? Mstns pèr`h`ns sdl rmgnthvnkmltm pmqumþns idlsh`mrnl`d qum mg ncun mstî ml edrkn `m vnpdr ml mg nhrm. Qèr`h`n dinshdln`n pdr gn edrknihùl `m jukm`n` ng qumknr Jh`rùcmld? 6 J6 + D6 6 J6D + Ingdr Qdr in`n ghfrn `m Jh`rùcmld prmsmltm ml mg idkfusthfgm, sm edrknrî ng qumknrsm :,08 ghfrns `m vnpdr `m ncun. Mstm vnpdr smrî ingmltn`d, idkd ml mg insd `m gn jukm`n` `mg idkfusthfgm jnstn ggmvnrgd n gn tmkpmrnturn `m gds cnsms `m ijhkmlmn. Ml mg insd `m nimhtms idkfusthfgms mstn pèr`h`n ms insh `mg 5 % . Qèr`h`n dinshdln`n pdr gds cnsms `m gn ijhkmlmn. Mstn pèr`h`n sm rmehmrm n gn crnl inlth`n` `m mlmrcën qum sngm `mg jdrld nrrnstrn`n pdr gds cnsms inghmltms qum sm `msinrcnl n gn ntkùsemrn. Qèr`h`n Qèr`h`n dinshdln` dinshdln`nn pdr gn idkfusthùl idkfusthùl hlid hlidkpgmt kpgmtnn `mg inrfdld? inrfdld? Gn idkfusthùl idkfusthùl `mg inrfdld jnstn `hùxh`d `m inrfdld ghfmrn >0.189 Ftu/Gf, shl mkfnrcd, iunl`d mg inrfdld sm qumkn ml edrkn hlidkpgmtn jnstn kdlùxh`d `m inrfdld sm phmr`ml >1.>51 Ftu. Mg inrfdld qum ld sm qumkn npnrmim ml gn imlhzn. Qè Qèr` r`h` h`nn di dinsh nshdl dln` n`nn pd pdrr gn prms prmsml mlih ihnn `m inr inrfd fdld ld ml gn im imlh lhzn? zn? Mstn Mstn pè pèr` r`h` h`nn sm in ingiu giugn gn `mtmrkhlnl`d mg inrfdld tdtng qum sm mliumltrn ml gn imlhzn. Qèr`h`n `m rn`hnihùl? Mstns pèr`h`ns mstîl rmgnihdln`ns pdr gn pèr`h`n `m ingdr n trnvès `m gn mstruit mstruiturn urn `m gds jdrlds, gns iungms `mpml`ml `mg tnknþd `m gn ulh`n` y `m gns idl` idl`hihdl hihdlms ms `m nhsgnkhmltd. Qèr`h`ns ml gn Idkfusthùl ? = Downloaded by Heyner Aquino ([email protected]) lOMoARcPSD|17311720 Qèr`h`ns `mfh`d n mximsd `m nhrm? Gn idl`hihùl prhkdr`hng pnrn qum gn idkfusthùl smn mehihmltm ms gdcrnr gdcrnr gn ghfmrnihùl ghfmrnihùl `mg idltmlh`d idltmlh`d ingùrhid tdtng `mg idkfusthf idkfusthfgm, gm, km`hnltm uln idkfusthùl idkfusthùl idkpgmtn. Yh mg sukhlhstrd `m nhrm ld ms n`miun`d gn idkfusthùl `m nhrm smrî hlidkpgmtn y uln prdpdrihùl `m inrfdld smrî pnrihngkmltm qumkn`d n kdlùxh`d `m inrfdld (ID) y ld n `hùxh`d `m inrfdld (ID6) rm`uihèl`dsm pdr idlshcuhmltm gn cmlmrnihùl `m ingdr. Ml gn prîithin ld pum`m gdcrnrsm uln idkfusthùl idkpgmtn n kmlds qum sm usm uln inlth`n` `m nhrm knydr qum gn inlth`n` tmùrhin. Mg nhrm uthghzn`d ml gn idkfusthùl smrî rmspdlsnfgm `m? n.- Gn tmkpmrnturn `m gds cnsms `m idkfusthùl d tmkpmrnturn `m gn ggnkn. f.- Gn pèr`h`n `m ingdr smlshfgm ml gn ijhkmlmn. Khmltrns kîs mgmvn`d smn mg mximsd `m nhrm, knydr smrî mg vdgukml tdtng `m gds cnsms `m idkfusthùl y pdr gd tnltd kmldr smrî su tmkpmrnturn. Mstd pum`m dfsmrvnrsm eîihgkmltm idl nyu`n `m gn shcuhmltm miunihùl? Pmkpmrnturn `m gds cnsms ; Ingdr `m idkf. idkf.// Inlth`n` `m cnsms x Ingdr mspmiëehid Iunl`d sm qumkn gn khskn inlth`n` `m idkfusthfgm, mg ingdr `m idkfusthùl sm knlthmlm idlstnltm y tdknl`d ml iumltn qum mg ingdr mspmiëehid `m gds cnsms `m idkfusthùl vnrën kuy pdid pum`m dfsmrvnrsm qum sùgd gn inlth`n` `m cnsms `m gn idkfusthùl hleguhrî sdfrm gn tmkpmrnturn. Qèr`h`ns `mfh`d n gn prmpnrnihùl `mg idkfusthfgm? Mg thpd `m idkfusthfgm qumkn`d ml ul jdrld `n`d ld pum`m inkfhnrsm, pmrd gns prdphm`n`ms `mg idkfusthfgm pum`ml kmodrnrsm. Qdr momkpgd ml in insd sd `m ul id idkf kfus usth thfg fgmm gë gëqu quh` h`d d sm pu pum` m`mm km kmod odrn rnrr gn vh vhsid sidsh sh`n `n`, `, n eh ehl l `m kmod kmodrn rnrr gn ntdkhznihùl ntdkhznihùl `mg idkfu idkfusthfgm sthfgm ml gds qumkn`drms. qumkn`drms. Idl uln kmodr ntdkhznihùl, ntdkhznihùl, gn vmgdih`n` vmgdih`n` `m vnpdrhznihùl `m gns cdtns `m idkfusthfgm sm hlirmkmltnrî, gn kmzign `mg idkfusthfgm idl mg nhrm smrî kmodr, `nl`d idkd rmsugtn`d uln idkfusthùl kîs rîph`n idl kmlds mximsd `m nhrm. Qèr`h`ns `mfh`d ng mquhpd `m idkfusthùl? Mg knltmlhkhmltd `mg mquhpd `m idkfusthùl y ml pnrthiugnr mg `m gds qumkn`drms ms kuy hkpdrtnltm. Gn fdquhggn suihn ml mg qumkn`dr smrî gn inusn `m uln ntdkhznihùl `mehihmltm, gd iung n su vmz `nrî idkd rmsugtn`d cdtns `m idkfusthfgm `m tnknþd vnrhn`d y `hstrhfuh`ns hrrmcugnrkmltm ml gn idrrhmltm `m nhrm `m idkfusthùl. Mstd trnm idlshcd uln `megmxhùl `m gn ggnkn, gn iung mvmltungkmltm pum`m ijdinr idl gds tufds d pnrm`ms `mg jdrld, nsë idkd tnkfhèl uln idkfusthùl hlidkpgmtn `m crnl`ms cdtns qum pnsnl n trnvès `m gn zdln `m idkfusthùl shl smr idkpgmtnkmltm mvnpdrn`ns. Qèr`h`ns `mfh`d n gn idl`hihùl `mg jdrld? Qnrn qum gn idkfusthùl smn mehihmltm, mg nhrm `mfm sukhlhstrnrsm ml gns inlth`n`ms idrrmitns, ml mg gucnr y kdkmltds n`miun`ds. ]l jdrld qum prmsmltm eucns d ehgtrnihdlms `nrî gucnr n gn hltrd`uiihùl `m nhrm hl`msmnfgm ml ihmrtds gucnrms `m gn iîknrn `m idkfusthùl. Mstm nhrm ld nyu`nrî n gn idkfusthùl, shld qum pdr mg idltrnrhd idltr idltrhfuhrî hfuhrî n mlerhnr gds cnsms. Mg nhrm hltrd hltrd`uih` `uih`d d ng jdrld pdr gns crhmtns tnkfhèl rm`uihrî gn inpnih`n` `m idkfusthùl yn qum rm`uihrî mg thrd `hspdlhfgm ml mg jdrld. Qdr dtrn pnrtm gn ghkphmzn `m gn supmrehihm `m trnlsemrmlihn `m ingdr ms dtrd enitdr hkpdrtnltm ml gn mehinihn `m gn idkfusthùl. Mg kntmrhng mxtrnþd `mpdshtn`d sdfrm gds tufds nitÿn idkd ul ncmltm nhsgnltm, rm`uihml`d m hkph`hml`d mg eguod `m ingdr `ms`m gds cnsms `m idkfusthùl jnihn mg kntmrhng qum sm mstî ingmltnl`d, gn edrknihùl `m mstds `mpùshtds, ml pnrthiugnr ml gn zdln `m idlvmiihùl, pum`m `mtmitnrsm yn qum drhchlnl ul hlirmkmltd ml gn tmkpmrnturn `m gds cnsms `m ijhkmlmn. 5 Downloaded by Heyner Aquino ([email protected]) lOMoARcPSD|17311720 3 Downloaded by Heyner Aquino ([email protected])