See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235140493 Correlation between Fracture Toughness, Charpy V-Notch Impact Energy, and Yield Strength for ASTM A723 Steel Article · March 1992 CITATIONS READS 11 3,791 2 authors, including: Joseph Kapp US Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center 36 PUBLICATIONS 241 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Decomposition Transitions View project All content following this page was uploaded by Joseph Kapp on 11 December 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. AD-A249 142 [AD ME-MORANDUM REPORT ARCCB-MR-92008 CORRELATION BETWEEN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT ENERGY, AND YIELD STRENGTH FOR ASTM A723 STEEL T1 J. A. KAPP J. IL UNDERWOOD MARCH 1992 US ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING CENTER CLOSE COMBAT ARMAMENTS CENTER BENiT LABORATORIES WATERVLIET, N.Y. 12189-4050 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED 92 4 22z 084 92-10397 nn~|!~nnl~ .-.. 4. . DISCLAIMER The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. The use of trade name(s) and/or manufacturer(s) an official indorsement Or does not constitute approval. DESTRUCTION NOTICE For classified documonts, Industrial Security Manual, Security Program Regulation, For unclassified, follow the procedures in DoD S200.22-M, Section 11-19 or DoD 5200.1-R, InforTmation Chapter IX. limited documents, destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. For unclassified, unlimited documents, no longer needed. Do not return it destroy when the report is to the originator. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Ayot remmgafl wrivlo Iew thuisco4iction of fnfocmattonb. Lotmah te a.w9 I how~ ow m A. (Celtti~ of nf .n the, "to dis q IwUt"fSftreuigtItS tOe colflection I S I 2 *C. Ahi•ie0w. V*r 202•43 O. tO us. Office OflManagement andluege,. V4 oJS No. 0704o-018 ~of S1204l.t, 1. A"NCY USe ONLY 0Leave- bon) 2.REPORT DATE March 1992 I. l tti~ ie ~ orininenuott O rec wVwoat euiOn e.wR ttjt0.Ill,~l iIng t@isui s" O ,tionsto eelW(?04•4•$S). ,MR Wan,nptol. itn ~IIuf anya 3t w asct DC 20S03 ofl thisn~ REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Final 4. 1IIU AND SUBTITLE S. FUNDING NUMBERS CORRELATION BETWEEN FRACTURE TOUGHNESS, CRARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT ENERGY, AND YIELD STRENGTH FOR ASTM A723 STEEL AMCMSj6111.02.H610.011 PRCN: 1AO5ZOCANMSC C AUT•OR(S) J.A. Kapp and J.H. Underwood 7. PIENOW"4G ORGANIZArION NAME(S) AND AOORESS(ES) U.S. 1. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER Army ARDEC ARCCB-MR-92008 Benet Laboratories, SMCAR-CCB-TL Watervliet, NY 12189-4050 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND AODI+|SS4ES) U.S. 10. SPONSORING/ MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER Army ARDEC Close Combat Armaments Center Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Submitted to Journal of Engineering Fracture mechanics. Ila. OIS7IUITION / AVAILASIUTY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public releasel distribution unlimited. 13. ANSTRACT (Afxtmum 200 wo'l) A large quantity of data for ASTM A723 steel correlating yield strength, Charpy impact energy, and fracture toughness has been compared with the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation. The general conclusion is that this correlation is conservative, because if we estimate fracture toughness from Charpy impact energy measurements, the estimated toughness is less than the measured value. The data may be somewhat questionable, however, because the fracture toughness and Charpy impact energy measurements were taken at different temperatures. The results indicate that for correlation purposes, the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom relationship is an adequate estimate of fracture toughness based on Charpy impact energy and yield strength measurements. 14. SUIJICT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES Fracture toughness, Impact energy, High strength steel, Correlation, Yield strength, Pressure vessel 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT UNCLASSIFIED NSN 7540.01-210-Ss00 1t. SICU-irY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE UNCLASSIFIED It. SICURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT UNCLASSIFIED 8 16 PRIC! COOE1 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UL Standard Form 298 (Rev 2-89) ftVnbed Vr ARSIJStil IMIG zs •taq kO TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .1 PROCEDURE .................................................................... 2 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ....................................................... 3 REFERENCES ................................................................ 5 TABLES I. COMPILATION OF STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS DATA FOR ASTM A723 PRESSURE VESSEL STEEL ......................................... 6 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Comparison of measured Charpy impact and fracture toughness correlation with the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation for ASTM A723 pressure vessel steel ............................................. "nC TAB tbaw"tmeooe Diet pelm 7 03 01t~ributim hYaliabixlty 0.4w *"I].ftw,' _ INTRODUCTION The Soecial Working Group on High Pressure Vessels of the Pressure Vessel and Piping Division of ASME is writing a design code for high pressure vessels. Many of the design methoas to be codified rely on a fracture mechanics analysis and fracture toughness properties. It is often difficult and expensive to obtain valid fracture toughness properties from vessel forgings. The historical approach to fracture toughness measurement has been to conduct Charoy ,moact energy tests. There have been many empirical correlations developed over the years to determine fracture toughness from Charpy impact energy. famous is the upper shelf correlation of Rolfe, Novak, The most and Barsom (refs 1,2). The Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation was developed based on the analysis of numerous experimental measurements of fracture toughness and Charpy impact energy for many steels of different composition and strength. It was found that there is a linear relationship between the square of the toughness-to-yield strength ratio and the impact energy-to-yield strength ratio. This means that if the yield strength and upper shelf Charpy V-notch impact energy are known, then the fracture toughness can be determined. The equation of the straight line that fits the data was determined from the data available to the developers of the correlation. At that time, there was no bignificant data base for the toughness of ASTIM A723 steel--the steel most commonly used to manufacture high pressure vessels. report is to determine if The purpose of this the Rolfe-tovak-Barsom correlation can be used to estimate the fracture toughness of ASTM A723 steel from upper shelf impact energy and yield strength measurements. PROCEDURE The Rolfe-Movak-Barsom upper shelf correlation is CVN 5 given mathematically as 005) ayV where ay is CVN is the yield strength in Ksi, lbs, and KIc is the Charpy impact energy in ft- the fracture toughness in KsiYi-n. Equation (1) shows that there is of the fracture toughness-to-yield to-yield strength ratio. a linear relationship between the sauare strength ratio and the Charpy impact energy- To determine the adequacy of Eq. fracture toughness from impact energy for any material, (1) for estimating both the fracture tough- ness and the Charpy impact energy at various strength levels must be known. From these data, the correlation parameters (ratios) can be determined and then plotted. The measured results are then compared with the values obtained from Eq. An analysis of this comparison will determine whether Eq. (1). (1) is ade- quate to predict fracture toughness from Charpy impact energy. Fracture toughness and Charpy impact energy data for ASTM A723 steel were presented in graphical form by Underwood (ref 3). tional unpublished results by Thornton (ref 4), rable I. A723. That data, are given in tabular form in The composition of the steels in the table is However, the stels along with addi- generally that of ASTM consist of various grades of ASTM A723 and have been melted from various refining practices, although there is no bias towards any The strength range of the data does not particular grade or refining practice. encompass the entire range of the strength classes in ASTM A723. Class 1 (100 Ksi minimum yield strength) and Class 2 (120 Ksi minimum yield strength) are not represented, but Classes 2a through 5 are well-covered in the table. There is fracture toughness and Charpy impact one thing that biases the results here: 2 energy measurements were not made at the same temperature. energy was measured at -40*F, The Charpy impact and the fracture toughness was measured at +700F. The room temperature impact energy could be significantly higher than the low temperature impact energy if shelf minimum temperature. the low testing temperature is below the upper However, that for the data reported here, experience with this alloy (ref 5) suggests the minimum upper shelf temperature should be lower than -400F. To determine the adequacy of the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation, the data from Table I are normalized to the appropriate parameters for the correlation and compared with the predicted relationship from Eq. (1). The normalized parameters are the final two columns in the table and the comparison is depicted graphically in Figure 1. An analysis of the plot shown in Figure 1 shows that Eq. excellent lower bound of the measured data. (1) provides an Virtually all of the data fall above and to the left of the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation. of the data fall below the line described by Eq. (1). Essentially, Bounding the measured data in this manner means that the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation ative. none For a given yield strength and Charpy impact energy, is conserv- the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation predicts a fracture toughness less than that actually measured. This underestimation could be the result of the different testing temperatures. SU•ARY ANO CONCLUSION A large quantity of data for ASTh A723 steel correlating yield strength, impact energy, and fracture toughness has been compared with the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation. is conservative, because if The general conclusion is that this correlation fracture toughness is estimated from Charpy impact 3 energy measurements, value. the estimated toughness is The data may be$ somewhat questionable, less than the actual measured because the fracture however, toughness and Charpy impact energy were measured at different temperatures. However, experience with the alloy suggests that both toughness and Charoy impact energy were upper shelf values. correlation purposes, Therefore, it is our conclusion that for the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom relationship is adequate for esti- mating fracture toughness from Charpy V-notch impact energy and yield strength measurements. 4 REFERENCES 1. J.M. Barsom and S.T. Rolfe, "Impact Testing of Metels," ASTM STP 466, The American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 2. Philadelphia, PA, 1970, 281-302. S.T. Rolfe and S.R. Novak, "Review of Developments in Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness Testing," ASTM STP 463, The American Society for Testing and Materials, 3. Philadelphia, PA, J.H. Underwood. 1970, pp. 124-159. Experimental Mechanics. Vol. 18, No. 9, Seotember 1978, pp. 350-355. 4. P.A. Thornton, Private Communication, Watervliet, NY, 5. D.P. Kendall, 1970. U.S. Army ARDEC, Benet Laboratiries, July 1990. Materials Research and Standards, Vol. 10, No. 12, December TABLE I. YS (MPa) CVN Kjý- (MP9 .) (J) COMPILATION OF STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS DATA FOR ASTM A723 PRESSURE VESSEL STEEL* YS CVN Kjý- (Ksi) (KsiV in. ) (ft-lbs) CVN/YS (KIc/YS)I (ft-lbs/Ksi ) (in. 1090 184 61 158.1 167.5 44.9 0.28 1.12 1090 202 67 158.1 183.8 49.3 0.31 1.35 1090 202 69 158.1 183.8 50.7 0.32 1.35 1110 1110 1110 1110 1170 1270 1170 1170 1170 1170 1170 1210 1210 1210 1210 1210 1210 1210 1210 1210 1210 1210 1280 1280 1280 1280 190 190 187 187 157 157 157 165 165 165 165 140 140 140 140 140 140 166 166 166 166 166 126 126 126 126 57 60 56 53 41 42 44 41 42 37 37 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 32 33 35 31 25 30 34 24 161.0 161.0 161.0 161.0 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 169.7 175.5 175.5 175.5 175.5 175.5 175.5 175.5 175.5 175.5 175.5 175.5 185.7 185.7 186.7 185.7 172.9 172.9 170.2 170.2 142.9 142.9 142.9 150.2 150.2 150.2 150.2 127.4 127.4 127.4 127.4 127.4 127.4 151.1 151.1 151.1 151.1 151.1 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 41.9 44.1 41.2 39.0 30.1 30.9 32.4 30.1 30.9 27.2 27.2 17.6 18.4 19.1 19.9 20.6 21.3 22.8 23.5 24.3 25.7 27.2 18.4 22.1 25.0 17.6 0.26 0.27 0.26 0.24 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.10 1.15 1.15 1.12 1.12 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 1280 126 33 185.7 114.7 24.3 0.13 0.38 1280 1280 1280 1280 1280 1280 1280 1340 1340 1340 1340 1340 1340 126 146 146 146 146 146 146 122 122 122 122 131 131 29 25 30 34 24 33 29 23 25 27 28 23 25 185.7 185.7 185.7 185.7 185.7 185.7 185.7 194.4 194.4 194.4 194.4 194.4 194.4 114.7 132.9 132.9 132.9 132.9 132.9 132.9 111.0 111.0 111.0 111.0 119.2 119.2 21.3 18.4 22.1 25.0 17.6 24.3 21.3 16.9 1.8.4 19.9 20.6 16.9 18.4 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.38 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.38 0.38 *References 3 and 4 6 I I ) TABLE I. YS (MP&) KI CVN (J) (Ksi) (Ksiý-in,)_ 131 131 160 163 166 231 229 237 275 275 266 27 28 29 29 28 80 83 82 106 107 106 194.4 194.4 173.8 172.6 173.8 149.8 149.8 149.8 130.0 130.3 130.3 119.2 119.2 145.0 148.0 151.0 210.0 208.0 216.0 250.0 250.0 242.0 (-a) 1340 1340 1198 1190 1198 1033 1033 1033 896 898 898 CONT'D I YS KI I CVN (ft-lbs) 19.9 20.6 21.1 21.5 20.5 58.8 61.2 60.0 78.0 78.8 78.0 CVN/YS (KIc/YS)2 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.39 0.41 0.40 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.38 0.38 0.71 0.74 0.75 1.97 1.93 2.08 3.70 3.68 3.45 (ft-lbs/Ksi) I I (in.) I I I I 4.0- L 3.5 1 d I 3.0 (Fracture Toughness 2.5 2ata +4 Yield Strength) 2 2.0 1.5 Measured , Rolfe-Novak-Barsom Correlation -- - - 1.0 0.5 0.0 .- 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.7 Impact Strengh + Yield Stength (ft-lbsksl) Figure 1. Comparison of measured Charpy impact and fracture toughness correlation with the Rolfe-Novak-Barsom correlation for ASTM A723 pressure vessel steel. 7 TECHNICAL REPORT INTERNAL DISTRIBUTION LIST NO. 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